# Redis configuration file example
+# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
+# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
+#
+# 1k => 1000 bytes
+# 1kb => 1024 bytes
+# 1m => 1000000 bytes
+# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
+# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
+# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
+#
+# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
+
# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
daemonize no
-# When run as a daemon, Redis write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by default.
-# You can specify a custom pid file location here.
+# When running daemonized, Redis writes a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by
+# default. You can specify a custom pid file location here.
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
-# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379
+# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379.
+# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379
# If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not
-# specified all the interfaces will listen for connections.
+# specified all the interfaces will listen for incoming connections.
#
# bind 127.0.0.1
+# Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for
+# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
+# on a unix socket when not specified.
+#
+# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
+# unixsocketperm 755
+
# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
-timeout 300
+timeout 0
# Set server verbosity to 'debug'
# it can be one of:
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
-loglevel verbose
+loglevel notice
# Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force
-# the demon to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
+# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile stdout
+# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
+# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
+# syslog-enabled no
+
+# Specify the syslog identity.
+# syslog-ident redis
+
+# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
+# syslog-facility local0
+
# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
# after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
# Note: you can disable saving at all commenting all the "save" lines.
+#
+# It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
+# points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
+# like in the following example:
+#
+# save ""
save 900 1
save 300 10
# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb
-# For default save/load DB in/from the working directory
-# Note that you must specify a directory not a file name.
+# The working directory.
+#
+# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
+# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
+#
+# Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.
+#
+# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./
################################# REPLICATION #################################
#
# masterauth <master-password>
+# When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication
+# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
+#
+# 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will
+# still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
+# data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
+#
+# 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with
+# an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands
+# but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
+#
+slave-serve-stale-data yes
+
+# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change
+# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
+# seconds.
+#
+# repl-ping-slave-period 10
+
+# The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and
+# master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds.
+#
+# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
+# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
+# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
+#
+# repl-timeout 60
+
################################## SECURITY ###################################
# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
+#
+# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
+# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
+# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
#
# requirepass foobared
+# Command renaming.
+#
+# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
+# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
+# of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use
+# tools but not available for general clients.
+#
+# Example:
+#
+# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
+#
+# It is also possible to completely kill a command renaming it into
+# an empty string:
+#
+# rename-command CONFIG ""
+
################################### LIMITS ####################################
-# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there
-# is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process
-# is able to open. The special value '0' means no limits.
+# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
+# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
+# able ot configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
+# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
+# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
+#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
-# maxclients 128
+# maxclients 10000
# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
#
# maxmemory <bytes>
+# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
+# is reached? You can select among five behavior:
+#
+# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
+# allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm
+# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
+# allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key
+# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
+# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
+#
+# Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write
+# operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.
+#
+# At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append
+# incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
+# sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
+# zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
+# getset mset msetnx exec sort
+#
+# The default is:
+#
+# maxmemory-policy volatile-lru
+
+# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
+# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample
+# size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and
+# pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size
+# using the following configuration directive.
+#
+# maxmemory-samples 3
+
############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live
# happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot
# about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should
# enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append
-# every write operation received in the file appendonly.log. This file will
+# every write operation received in the file appendonly.aof. This file will
# be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
#
# Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
# Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
#
-# The name of the append only file is "appendonly.log"
-#
# IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
# log file in background when it gets too big.
appendonly no
+# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")
+# appendfilename appendonly.aof
+
# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.
#
-# The default is "always" that's the safer of the options. It's up to you to
-# understand if you can relax this to "everysec" that will fsync every second
-# or to "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
-# it want, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
-# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting).
+# The default is "everysec" that's usually the right compromise between
+# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
+# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
+# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
+# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
+# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
+# everysec.
+#
+# If unsure, use "everysec".
-appendfsync always
-# appendfsync everysec
+# appendfsync always
+appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
-################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ###############################
-
-# Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual
-# amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory.
-# In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys
-# are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do
-# with memory pages.
+# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
+# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
+# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
+# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
+# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
+# our synchronous write(2) call.
+#
+# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
+# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
+# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
-# To enable VM just set 'vm-enabled' to yes, and set the following three
-# VM parameters accordingly to your needs.
+# This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is
+# the same as "appendfsync none", that in practical terms means that it is
+# possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
+# default Linux settings).
+#
+# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
+# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
+no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
+
+# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
+# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
+# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage.
+#
+# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
+# latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of
+# the AOF at startup is used).
+#
+# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
+# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
+# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
+# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
+# is reached but it is still pretty small.
+#
+# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
+# rewrite feature.
+
+auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
+auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
-vm-enabled no
-# vm-enabled yes
+################################ LUA SCRIPTING ###############################
-# This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files
-# can't be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap
-# file for every redis process you are running.
+# Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
#
-# The swap file name may contain "%p" that is substituted with the PID of
-# the Redis process, so the default name /tmp/redis-%p.vm will work even
-# with multiple instances as Redis will use, for example, redis-811.vm
-# for one instance and redis-593.vm for another one.
+# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
+# still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
+# reply to queries with an error.
#
-# Useless to say, the best kind of disk for a Redis swap file (that's accessed
-# at random) is a Solid State Disk (SSD).
-vm-swap-file /tmp/redis-%p.vm
+# When a long running script exceed the maximum execution time only the
+# SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
+# used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second
+# is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write commands was
+# already issue by the script but the user don't want to wait for the natural
+# termination of the script.
+#
+# Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
+lua-time-limit 5000
-# vm-max-memory configures the VM to use at max the specified amount of
-# RAM. Everything that deos not fit will be swapped on disk *if* possible, that
-# is, if there is still enough contiguous space in the swap file.
+################################ REDIS CLUSTER ###############################
+#
+# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster, only nodes that are
+# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
+# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
-# With vm-max-memory 10000000 the system will swap almost everything it
-# can. Not a good default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can
-# in bytes, but it's better to leave some margin. For instance specify
-# an amount of RAM that's more or less 80% of your free RAM.
-vm-max-memory 10000000
+# cluster-enabled yes
-# Redis swap files is split into pages. An object can be saved using multiple
-# contiguous pages, but pages can't be shared between different objects.
-# So if your page is too big, small objects swapped out on disk will waste
-# a lot of space. If you page is too small, there is less space in the swap
-# file (assuming you configured the same number of total swap file pages).
+# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
+# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
+# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
+# Make sure that instances running in the same system does not have
+# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
-# If you use a lot of small objects, use a page size of 64 or 32 bytes.
-# If you use a lot of big objects, use a bigger page size.
-# If unsure, use the default :)
-vm-page-size 256
+# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf
+
+# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
+# available at http://redis.io web site.
+
+################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
+
+# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
+# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
+# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
+# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
+# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
+# other requests in the meantime).
+#
+# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
+# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
+# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
+# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
+# queue of logged commands.
+
+# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
+# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
+# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
+slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
+
+# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
+# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
+slowlog-max-len 1024
+
+############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
-# Number of total memory pages in the swap file.
-# Given that the page table (a bitmap of free/used pages) is taken in memory,
-# every 8 pages on disk will consume 1 byte of RAM.
+# Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they
+# have at max a given number of elements, and the biggest element does not
+# exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following
+# configuration directives.
+hash-max-zipmap-entries 512
+hash-max-zipmap-value 64
+
+# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order
+# to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when
+# you are under the following limits:
+list-max-ziplist-entries 512
+list-max-ziplist-value 64
+
+# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
+# of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range
+# of 64 bit signed integers.
+# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
+# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
+set-max-intset-entries 512
+
+# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
+# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
+# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
+zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
+zset-max-ziplist-value 64
+
+# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
+# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
+# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
+# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table
+# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
+# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
+# by the hash table.
+#
+# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
+# active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
-# The total swap size is vm-page-size * vm-pages
+# If unsure:
+# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
+# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time
+# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
-# With the default of 256-bytes memory pages and 104857600 pages Redis will
-# use a 25 GB swap file, that will use roughly 13 MB of RAM for the page table.
+# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
+# want to free memory asap when possible.
+activerehashing yes
+
+# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
+# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
+# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
+# publisher can produce them).
#
-# It's better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application,
-# but the default is large in order to work in most conditions.
-vm-pages 104857600
-
-# Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time.
-# This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they
-# also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger
-# number of threads can help with big objects even if they can't help with
-# I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many
-# reads/writes operations at the same time.
+# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
+#
+# normal -> normal clients
+# slave -> slave clients and MONITOR clients
+# pubsub -> clients subcribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
+#
+# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
-# The special value of 0 turn off threaded I/O and enables the blocking
-# Virtual Memory implementation.
-vm-max-threads 4
+# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
+#
+# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
+# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
+# seconds (continuously).
+# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
+# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
+# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
+# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
+# the limit for 10 seconds.
+#
+# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
+# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
+# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
+# than it can read.
+#
+# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and slave clients, since
+# subscribers and slaves receive data in a push fashion.
+#
+# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled just setting it to zero.
+client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
+client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
+client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
-############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
+################################## INCLUDES ###################################
-# Glue small output buffers together in order to send small replies in a
-# single TCP packet. Uses a bit more CPU but most of the times it is a win
-# in terms of number of queries per second. Use 'yes' if unsure.
-glueoutputbuf yes
-
-# Use object sharing. Can save a lot of memory if you have many common
-# string in your dataset, but performs lookups against the shared objects
-# pool so it uses more CPU and can be a bit slower. Usually it's a good
-# idea.
-#
-# When object sharing is enabled (shareobjects yes) you can use
-# shareobjectspoolsize to control the size of the pool used in order to try
-# object sharing. A bigger pool size will lead to better sharing capabilities.
-# In general you want this value to be at least the double of the number of
-# very common strings you have in your dataset.
-#
-# WARNING: object sharing is experimental, don't enable this feature
-# in production before of Redis 1.0-stable. Still please try this feature in
-# your development environment so that we can test it better.
-shareobjects no
-shareobjectspoolsize 1024
+# Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you
+# have a standard template that goes to all Redis server but also need
+# to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include
+# other files, so use this wisely.
+#
+# include /path/to/local.conf
+# include /path/to/other.conf
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