2  * Copyright (c) 2006-2009, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com> 
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
   8  *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, 
   9  *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
  10  *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 
  11  *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 
  12  *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
  13  *   * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used 
  14  *     to endorse or promote products derived from this software without 
  15  *     specific prior written permission. 
  17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
  18  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
  19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
  20  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
  21  * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
  22  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
  23  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
  24  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
  25  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
  26  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
  27  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 
  30 #define REDIS_VERSION "0.091" 
  46 #include <arpa/inet.h> 
  50 #include <sys/resource.h> 
  53 #include "ae.h"     /* Event driven programming library */ 
  54 #include "sds.h"    /* Dynamic safe strings */ 
  55 #include "anet.h"   /* Networking the easy way */ 
  56 #include "dict.h"   /* Hash tables */ 
  57 #include "adlist.h" /* Linked lists */ 
  58 #include "zmalloc.h" /* total memory usage aware version of malloc/free */ 
  65 /* Static server configuration */ 
  66 #define REDIS_SERVERPORT        6379    /* TCP port */ 
  67 #define REDIS_MAXIDLETIME       (60*5)  /* default client timeout */ 
  68 #define REDIS_IOBUF_LEN         1024 
  69 #define REDIS_LOADBUF_LEN       1024 
  70 #define REDIS_MAX_ARGS          16 
  71 #define REDIS_DEFAULT_DBNUM     16 
  72 #define REDIS_CONFIGLINE_MAX    1024 
  73 #define REDIS_OBJFREELIST_MAX   1000000 /* Max number of objects to cache */ 
  74 #define REDIS_MAX_SYNC_TIME     60      /* Slave can't take more to sync */ 
  75 #define REDIS_EXPIRELOOKUPS_PER_CRON    100 /* try to expire 100 keys/second */ 
  77 /* Hash table parameters */ 
  78 #define REDIS_HT_MINFILL        10      /* Minimal hash table fill 10% */ 
  79 #define REDIS_HT_MINSLOTS       16384   /* Never resize the HT under this */ 
  82 #define REDIS_CMD_BULK          1 
  83 #define REDIS_CMD_INLINE        2 
  86 #define REDIS_STRING 0 
  91 /* Object types only used for dumping to disk */ 
  92 #define REDIS_EXPIRETIME 253 
  93 #define REDIS_SELECTDB 254 
  96 /* Defines related to the dump file format. To store 32 bits lengths for short 
  97  * keys requires a lot of space, so we check the most significant 2 bits of 
  98  * the first byte to interpreter the length: 
 100  * 00|000000 => if the two MSB are 00 the len is the 6 bits of this byte 
 101  * 01|000000 00000000 =>  01, the len is 14 byes, 6 bits + 8 bits of next byte 
 102  * 10|000000 [32 bit integer] => if it's 01, a full 32 bit len will follow 
 103  * 11|000000 this means: specially encoded object will follow. The six bits 
 104  *           number specify the kind of object that follows. 
 105  *           See the REDIS_RDB_ENC_* defines. 
 107  * Lenghts up to 63 are stored using a single byte, most DB keys, and may 
 108  * values, will fit inside. */ 
 109 #define REDIS_RDB_6BITLEN 0 
 110 #define REDIS_RDB_14BITLEN 1 
 111 #define REDIS_RDB_32BITLEN 2 
 112 #define REDIS_RDB_ENCVAL 3 
 113 #define REDIS_RDB_LENERR UINT_MAX 
 115 /* When a length of a string object stored on disk has the first two bits 
 116  * set, the remaining two bits specify a special encoding for the object 
 117  * accordingly to the following defines: */ 
 118 #define REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT8 0        /* 8 bit signed integer */ 
 119 #define REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT16 1       /* 16 bit signed integer */ 
 120 #define REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT32 2       /* 32 bit signed integer */ 
 121 #define REDIS_RDB_ENC_LZF 3         /* string compressed with FASTLZ */ 
 124 #define REDIS_CLOSE 1       /* This client connection should be closed ASAP */ 
 125 #define REDIS_SLAVE 2       /* This client is a slave server */ 
 126 #define REDIS_MASTER 4      /* This client is a master server */ 
 127 #define REDIS_MONITOR 8      /* This client is a slave monitor, see MONITOR */ 
 129 /* Slave replication state - slave side */ 
 130 #define REDIS_REPL_NONE 0   /* No active replication */ 
 131 #define REDIS_REPL_CONNECT 1    /* Must connect to master */ 
 132 #define REDIS_REPL_CONNECTED 2  /* Connected to master */ 
 134 /* Slave replication state - from the point of view of master 
 135  * Note that in SEND_BULK and ONLINE state the slave receives new updates 
 136  * in its output queue. In the WAIT_BGSAVE state instead the server is waiting 
 137  * to start the next background saving in order to send updates to it. */ 
 138 #define REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START 3 /* master waits bgsave to start feeding it */ 
 139 #define REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END 4 /* master waits bgsave to start bulk DB transmission */ 
 140 #define REDIS_REPL_SEND_BULK 5 /* master is sending the bulk DB */ 
 141 #define REDIS_REPL_ONLINE 6 /* bulk DB already transmitted, receive updates */ 
 143 /* List related stuff */ 
 147 /* Sort operations */ 
 148 #define REDIS_SORT_GET 0 
 149 #define REDIS_SORT_DEL 1 
 150 #define REDIS_SORT_INCR 2 
 151 #define REDIS_SORT_DECR 3 
 152 #define REDIS_SORT_ASC 4 
 153 #define REDIS_SORT_DESC 5 
 154 #define REDIS_SORTKEY_MAX 1024 
 157 #define REDIS_DEBUG 0 
 158 #define REDIS_NOTICE 1 
 159 #define REDIS_WARNING 2 
 161 /* Anti-warning macro... */ 
 162 #define REDIS_NOTUSED(V) ((void) V) 
 164 /*================================= Data types ============================== */ 
 166 /* A redis object, that is a type able to hold a string / list / set */ 
 167 typedef struct redisObject 
{ 
 173 typedef struct redisDb 
{ 
 179 /* With multiplexing we need to take per-clinet state. 
 180  * Clients are taken in a liked list. */ 
 181 typedef struct redisClient 
{ 
 186     robj 
*argv
[REDIS_MAX_ARGS
]; 
 188     int bulklen
;            /* bulk read len. -1 if not in bulk read mode */ 
 191     time_t lastinteraction
; /* time of the last interaction, used for timeout */ 
 192     int flags
;              /* REDIS_CLOSE | REDIS_SLAVE | REDIS_MONITOR */ 
 193     int slaveseldb
;         /* slave selected db, if this client is a slave */ 
 194     int authenticated
;      /* when requirepass is non-NULL */ 
 195     int replstate
;          /* replication state if this is a slave */ 
 196     int repldbfd
;           /* replication DB file descriptor */ 
 197     long repldboff
;          /* replication DB file offset */ 
 198     off_t repldbsize
;       /* replication DB file size */ 
 206 /* Global server state structure */ 
 212     unsigned int sharingpoolsize
; 
 213     long long dirty
;            /* changes to DB from the last save */ 
 215     list 
*slaves
, *monitors
; 
 216     char neterr
[ANET_ERR_LEN
]; 
 218     int cronloops
;              /* number of times the cron function run */ 
 219     list 
*objfreelist
;          /* A list of freed objects to avoid malloc() */ 
 220     time_t lastsave
;            /* Unix time of last save succeeede */ 
 221     size_t usedmemory
;             /* Used memory in megabytes */ 
 222     /* Fields used only for stats */ 
 223     time_t stat_starttime
;         /* server start time */ 
 224     long long stat_numcommands
;    /* number of processed commands */ 
 225     long long stat_numconnections
; /* number of connections received */ 
 233     int bgsaveinprogress
; 
 234     struct saveparam 
*saveparams
; 
 241     /* Replication related */ 
 245     redisClient 
*master
;    /* client that is master for this slave */ 
 247     /* Sort parameters - qsort_r() is only available under BSD so we 
 248      * have to take this state global, in order to pass it to sortCompare() */ 
 254 typedef void redisCommandProc(redisClient 
*c
); 
 255 struct redisCommand 
{ 
 257     redisCommandProc 
*proc
; 
 262 typedef struct _redisSortObject 
{ 
 270 typedef struct _redisSortOperation 
{ 
 273 } redisSortOperation
; 
 275 struct sharedObjectsStruct 
{ 
 276     robj 
*crlf
, *ok
, *err
, *emptybulk
, *czero
, *cone
, *pong
, *space
, 
 277     *colon
, *nullbulk
, *nullmultibulk
, 
 278     *emptymultibulk
, *wrongtypeerr
, *nokeyerr
, *syntaxerr
, *sameobjecterr
, 
 279     *outofrangeerr
, *plus
, 
 280     *select0
, *select1
, *select2
, *select3
, *select4
, 
 281     *select5
, *select6
, *select7
, *select8
, *select9
; 
 284 /*================================ Prototypes =============================== */ 
 286 static void freeStringObject(robj 
*o
); 
 287 static void freeListObject(robj 
*o
); 
 288 static void freeSetObject(robj 
*o
); 
 289 static void decrRefCount(void *o
); 
 290 static robj 
*createObject(int type
, void *ptr
); 
 291 static void freeClient(redisClient 
*c
); 
 292 static int rdbLoad(char *filename
); 
 293 static void addReply(redisClient 
*c
, robj 
*obj
); 
 294 static void addReplySds(redisClient 
*c
, sds s
); 
 295 static void incrRefCount(robj 
*o
); 
 296 static int rdbSaveBackground(char *filename
); 
 297 static robj 
*createStringObject(char *ptr
, size_t len
); 
 298 static void replicationFeedSlaves(list 
*slaves
, struct redisCommand 
*cmd
, int dictid
, robj 
**argv
, int argc
); 
 299 static int syncWithMaster(void); 
 300 static robj 
*tryObjectSharing(robj 
*o
); 
 301 static int removeExpire(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
); 
 302 static int expireIfNeeded(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
); 
 303 static int deleteIfVolatile(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
); 
 304 static int deleteKey(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
); 
 305 static time_t getExpire(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
); 
 306 static int setExpire(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
, time_t when
); 
 307 static void updateSalvesWaitingBgsave(int bgsaveerr
); 
 309 static void authCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 310 static void pingCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 311 static void echoCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 312 static void setCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 313 static void setnxCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 314 static void getCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 315 static void delCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 316 static void existsCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 317 static void incrCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 318 static void decrCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 319 static void incrbyCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 320 static void decrbyCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 321 static void selectCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 322 static void randomkeyCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 323 static void keysCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 324 static void dbsizeCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 325 static void lastsaveCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 326 static void saveCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 327 static void bgsaveCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 328 static void shutdownCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 329 static void moveCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 330 static void renameCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 331 static void renamenxCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 332 static void lpushCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 333 static void rpushCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 334 static void lpopCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 335 static void rpopCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 336 static void llenCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 337 static void lindexCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 338 static void lrangeCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 339 static void ltrimCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 340 static void typeCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 341 static void lsetCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 342 static void saddCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 343 static void sremCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 344 static void sismemberCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 345 static void scardCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 346 static void sinterCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 347 static void sinterstoreCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 348 static void sunionCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 349 static void sunionstoreCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 350 static void syncCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 351 static void flushdbCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 352 static void flushallCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 353 static void sortCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 354 static void lremCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 355 static void infoCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 356 static void mgetCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 357 static void monitorCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 358 static void expireCommand(redisClient 
*c
); 
 360 /*================================= Globals ================================= */ 
 363 static struct redisServer server
; /* server global state */ 
 364 static struct redisCommand cmdTable
[] = { 
 365     {"get",getCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 366     {"set",setCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 367     {"setnx",setnxCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 368     {"del",delCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 369     {"exists",existsCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 370     {"incr",incrCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 371     {"decr",decrCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 372     {"mget",mgetCommand
,-2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 373     {"rpush",rpushCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 374     {"lpush",lpushCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 375     {"rpop",rpopCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 376     {"lpop",lpopCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 377     {"llen",llenCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 378     {"lindex",lindexCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 379     {"lset",lsetCommand
,4,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 380     {"lrange",lrangeCommand
,4,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 381     {"ltrim",ltrimCommand
,4,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 382     {"lrem",lremCommand
,4,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 383     {"sadd",saddCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 384     {"srem",sremCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 385     {"sismember",sismemberCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 386     {"scard",scardCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 387     {"sinter",sinterCommand
,-2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 388     {"sinterstore",sinterstoreCommand
,-3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 389     {"sunion",sunionCommand
,-2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 390     {"sunionstore",sunionstoreCommand
,-3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 391     {"smembers",sinterCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 392     {"incrby",incrbyCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 393     {"decrby",decrbyCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 394     {"randomkey",randomkeyCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 395     {"select",selectCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 396     {"move",moveCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 397     {"rename",renameCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 398     {"renamenx",renamenxCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 399     {"keys",keysCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 400     {"dbsize",dbsizeCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 401     {"auth",authCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 402     {"ping",pingCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 403     {"echo",echoCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_BULK
}, 
 404     {"save",saveCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 405     {"bgsave",bgsaveCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 406     {"shutdown",shutdownCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 407     {"lastsave",lastsaveCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 408     {"type",typeCommand
,2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 409     {"sync",syncCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 410     {"flushdb",flushdbCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 411     {"flushall",flushallCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 412     {"sort",sortCommand
,-2,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 413     {"info",infoCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 414     {"monitor",monitorCommand
,1,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 415     {"expire",expireCommand
,3,REDIS_CMD_INLINE
}, 
 419 /*============================ Utility functions ============================ */ 
 421 /* Glob-style pattern matching. */ 
 422 int stringmatchlen(const char *pattern
, int patternLen
, 
 423         const char *string
, int stringLen
, int nocase
) 
 428             while (pattern
[1] == '*') { 
 433                 return 1; /* match */ 
 435                 if (stringmatchlen(pattern
+1, patternLen
-1, 
 436                             string
, stringLen
, nocase
)) 
 437                     return 1; /* match */ 
 441             return 0; /* no match */ 
 445                 return 0; /* no match */ 
 455             not = pattern
[0] == '^'; 
 462                 if (pattern
[0] == '\\') { 
 465                     if (pattern
[0] == string
[0]) 
 467                 } else if (pattern
[0] == ']') { 
 469                 } else if (patternLen 
== 0) { 
 473                 } else if (pattern
[1] == '-' && patternLen 
>= 3) { 
 474                     int start 
= pattern
[0]; 
 475                     int end 
= pattern
[2]; 
 483                         start 
= tolower(start
); 
 489                     if (c 
>= start 
&& c 
<= end
) 
 493                         if (pattern
[0] == string
[0]) 
 496                         if (tolower((int)pattern
[0]) == tolower((int)string
[0])) 
 506                 return 0; /* no match */ 
 512             if (patternLen 
>= 2) { 
 519                 if (pattern
[0] != string
[0]) 
 520                     return 0; /* no match */ 
 522                 if (tolower((int)pattern
[0]) != tolower((int)string
[0])) 
 523                     return 0; /* no match */ 
 531         if (stringLen 
== 0) { 
 532             while(*pattern 
== '*') { 
 539     if (patternLen 
== 0 && stringLen 
== 0) 
 544 void redisLog(int level
, const char *fmt
, ...) 
 549     fp 
= (server
.logfile 
== NULL
) ? stdout 
: fopen(server
.logfile
,"a"); 
 553     if (level 
>= server
.verbosity
) { 
 555         fprintf(fp
,"%c ",c
[level
]); 
 556         vfprintf(fp
, fmt
, ap
); 
 562     if (server
.logfile
) fclose(fp
); 
 565 /*====================== Hash table type implementation  ==================== */ 
 567 /* This is an hash table type that uses the SDS dynamic strings libary as 
 568  * keys and radis objects as values (objects can hold SDS strings, 
 571 static int sdsDictKeyCompare(void *privdata
, const void *key1
, 
 575     DICT_NOTUSED(privdata
); 
 577     l1 
= sdslen((sds
)key1
); 
 578     l2 
= sdslen((sds
)key2
); 
 579     if (l1 
!= l2
) return 0; 
 580     return memcmp(key1
, key2
, l1
) == 0; 
 583 static void dictRedisObjectDestructor(void *privdata
, void *val
) 
 585     DICT_NOTUSED(privdata
); 
 590 static int dictSdsKeyCompare(void *privdata
, const void *key1
, 
 593     const robj 
*o1 
= key1
, *o2 
= key2
; 
 594     return sdsDictKeyCompare(privdata
,o1
->ptr
,o2
->ptr
); 
 597 static unsigned int dictSdsHash(const void *key
) { 
 599     return dictGenHashFunction(o
->ptr
, sdslen((sds
)o
->ptr
)); 
 602 static dictType setDictType 
= { 
 603     dictSdsHash
,               /* hash function */ 
 606     dictSdsKeyCompare
,         /* key compare */ 
 607     dictRedisObjectDestructor
, /* key destructor */ 
 608     NULL                       
/* val destructor */ 
 611 static dictType hashDictType 
= { 
 612     dictSdsHash
,                /* hash function */ 
 615     dictSdsKeyCompare
,          /* key compare */ 
 616     dictRedisObjectDestructor
,  /* key destructor */ 
 617     dictRedisObjectDestructor   
/* val destructor */ 
 620 /* ========================= Random utility functions ======================= */ 
 622 /* Redis generally does not try to recover from out of memory conditions 
 623  * when allocating objects or strings, it is not clear if it will be possible 
 624  * to report this condition to the client since the networking layer itself 
 625  * is based on heap allocation for send buffers, so we simply abort. 
 626  * At least the code will be simpler to read... */ 
 627 static void oom(const char *msg
) { 
 628     fprintf(stderr
, "%s: Out of memory\n",msg
); 
 634 /* ====================== Redis server networking stuff ===================== */ 
 635 void closeTimedoutClients(void) { 
 638     time_t now 
= time(NULL
); 
 640     listRewind(server
.clients
); 
 641     while ((ln 
= listYield(server
.clients
)) != NULL
) { 
 642         c 
= listNodeValue(ln
); 
 643         if (!(c
->flags 
& REDIS_SLAVE
) &&    /* no timeout for slaves */ 
 644              (now 
- c
->lastinteraction 
> server
.maxidletime
)) { 
 645             redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
,"Closing idle client"); 
 651 int serverCron(struct aeEventLoop 
*eventLoop
, long long id
, void *clientData
) { 
 652     int j
, loops 
= server
.cronloops
++; 
 653     REDIS_NOTUSED(eventLoop
); 
 655     REDIS_NOTUSED(clientData
); 
 657     /* Update the global state with the amount of used memory */ 
 658     server
.usedmemory 
= zmalloc_used_memory(); 
 660     /* If the percentage of used slots in the HT reaches REDIS_HT_MINFILL 
 661      * we resize the hash table to save memory */ 
 662     for (j 
= 0; j 
< server
.dbnum
; j
++) { 
 663         int size
, used
, vkeys
; 
 665         size 
= dictSlots(server
.db
[j
].dict
); 
 666         used 
= dictSize(server
.db
[j
].dict
); 
 667         vkeys 
= dictSize(server
.db
[j
].expires
); 
 668         if (!(loops 
% 5) && used 
> 0) { 
 669             redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
,"DB %d: %d keys (%d volatile) in %d slots HT.",j
,used
,vkeys
,size
); 
 670             /* dictPrintStats(server.dict); */ 
 672         if (size 
&& used 
&& size 
> REDIS_HT_MINSLOTS 
&& 
 673             (used
*100/size 
< REDIS_HT_MINFILL
)) { 
 674             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"The hash table %d is too sparse, resize it...",j
); 
 675             dictResize(server
.db
[j
].dict
); 
 676             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Hash table %d resized.",j
); 
 680     /* Show information about connected clients */ 
 682         redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
,"%d clients connected (%d slaves), %zu bytes in use", 
 683             listLength(server
.clients
)-listLength(server
.slaves
), 
 684             listLength(server
.slaves
), 
 686             dictSize(server
.sharingpool
)); 
 689     /* Close connections of timedout clients */ 
 691         closeTimedoutClients(); 
 693     /* Check if a background saving in progress terminated */ 
 694     if (server
.bgsaveinprogress
) { 
 696         /* XXX: TODO handle the case of the saving child killed */ 
 697         if (wait4(-1,&statloc
,WNOHANG
,NULL
)) { 
 698             int exitcode 
= WEXITSTATUS(statloc
); 
 700                 redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
, 
 701                     "Background saving terminated with success"); 
 703                 server
.lastsave 
= time(NULL
); 
 705                 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
, 
 706                     "Background saving error"); 
 708             server
.bgsaveinprogress 
= 0; 
 709             updateSalvesWaitingBgsave(exitcode 
== 0 ? REDIS_OK 
: REDIS_ERR
); 
 712         /* If there is not a background saving in progress check if 
 713          * we have to save now */ 
 714          time_t now 
= time(NULL
); 
 715          for (j 
= 0; j 
< server
.saveparamslen
; j
++) { 
 716             struct saveparam 
*sp 
= server
.saveparams
+j
; 
 718             if (server
.dirty 
>= sp
->changes 
&& 
 719                 now
-server
.lastsave 
> sp
->seconds
) { 
 720                 redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"%d changes in %d seconds. Saving...", 
 721                     sp
->changes
, sp
->seconds
); 
 722                 rdbSaveBackground(server
.dbfilename
); 
 728     /* Try to expire a few timed out keys */ 
 729     for (j 
= 0; j 
< server
.dbnum
; j
++) { 
 730         redisDb 
*db 
= server
.db
+j
; 
 731         int num 
= dictSize(db
->expires
); 
 734             time_t now 
= time(NULL
); 
 736             if (num 
> REDIS_EXPIRELOOKUPS_PER_CRON
) 
 737                 num 
= REDIS_EXPIRELOOKUPS_PER_CRON
; 
 742                 if ((de 
= dictGetRandomKey(db
->expires
)) == NULL
) break; 
 743                 t 
= (time_t) dictGetEntryVal(de
); 
 745                     deleteKey(db
,dictGetEntryKey(de
)); 
 751     /* Check if we should connect to a MASTER */ 
 752     if (server
.replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_CONNECT
) { 
 753         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Connecting to MASTER..."); 
 754         if (syncWithMaster() == REDIS_OK
) { 
 755             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"MASTER <-> SLAVE sync succeeded"); 
 761 static void createSharedObjects(void) { 
 762     shared
.crlf 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("\r\n")); 
 763     shared
.ok 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("+OK\r\n")); 
 764     shared
.err 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("-ERR\r\n")); 
 765     shared
.emptybulk 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("$0\r\n\r\n")); 
 766     shared
.czero 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew(":0\r\n")); 
 767     shared
.cone 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew(":1\r\n")); 
 768     shared
.nullbulk 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("$-1\r\n")); 
 769     shared
.nullmultibulk 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("*-1\r\n")); 
 770     shared
.emptymultibulk 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("*0\r\n")); 
 772     shared
.pong 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("+PONG\r\n")); 
 773     shared
.wrongtypeerr 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew( 
 774         "-ERR Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value\r\n")); 
 775     shared
.nokeyerr 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew( 
 776         "-ERR no such key\r\n")); 
 777     shared
.syntaxerr 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew( 
 778         "-ERR syntax error\r\n")); 
 779     shared
.sameobjecterr 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew( 
 780         "-ERR source and destination objects are the same\r\n")); 
 781     shared
.outofrangeerr 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew( 
 782         "-ERR index out of range\r\n")); 
 783     shared
.space 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew(" ")); 
 784     shared
.colon 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew(":")); 
 785     shared
.plus 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnew("+")); 
 786     shared
.select0 
= createStringObject("select 0\r\n",10); 
 787     shared
.select1 
= createStringObject("select 1\r\n",10); 
 788     shared
.select2 
= createStringObject("select 2\r\n",10); 
 789     shared
.select3 
= createStringObject("select 3\r\n",10); 
 790     shared
.select4 
= createStringObject("select 4\r\n",10); 
 791     shared
.select5 
= createStringObject("select 5\r\n",10); 
 792     shared
.select6 
= createStringObject("select 6\r\n",10); 
 793     shared
.select7 
= createStringObject("select 7\r\n",10); 
 794     shared
.select8 
= createStringObject("select 8\r\n",10); 
 795     shared
.select9 
= createStringObject("select 9\r\n",10); 
 798 static void appendServerSaveParams(time_t seconds
, int changes
) { 
 799     server
.saveparams 
= zrealloc(server
.saveparams
,sizeof(struct saveparam
)*(server
.saveparamslen
+1)); 
 800     if (server
.saveparams 
== NULL
) oom("appendServerSaveParams"); 
 801     server
.saveparams
[server
.saveparamslen
].seconds 
= seconds
; 
 802     server
.saveparams
[server
.saveparamslen
].changes 
= changes
; 
 803     server
.saveparamslen
++; 
 806 static void ResetServerSaveParams() { 
 807     zfree(server
.saveparams
); 
 808     server
.saveparams 
= NULL
; 
 809     server
.saveparamslen 
= 0; 
 812 static void initServerConfig() { 
 813     server
.dbnum 
= REDIS_DEFAULT_DBNUM
; 
 814     server
.port 
= REDIS_SERVERPORT
; 
 815     server
.verbosity 
= REDIS_DEBUG
; 
 816     server
.maxidletime 
= REDIS_MAXIDLETIME
; 
 817     server
.saveparams 
= NULL
; 
 818     server
.logfile 
= NULL
; /* NULL = log on standard output */ 
 819     server
.bindaddr 
= NULL
; 
 820     server
.glueoutputbuf 
= 1; 
 821     server
.daemonize 
= 0; 
 822     server
.pidfile 
= "/var/run/redis.pid"; 
 823     server
.dbfilename 
= "dump.rdb"; 
 824     server
.requirepass 
= NULL
; 
 825     server
.shareobjects 
= 0; 
 826     ResetServerSaveParams(); 
 828     appendServerSaveParams(60*60,1);  /* save after 1 hour and 1 change */ 
 829     appendServerSaveParams(300,100);  /* save after 5 minutes and 100 changes */ 
 830     appendServerSaveParams(60,10000); /* save after 1 minute and 10000 changes */ 
 831     /* Replication related */ 
 833     server
.masterhost 
= NULL
; 
 834     server
.masterport 
= 6379; 
 835     server
.master 
= NULL
; 
 836     server
.replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_NONE
; 
 839 static void initServer() { 
 842     signal(SIGHUP
, SIG_IGN
); 
 843     signal(SIGPIPE
, SIG_IGN
); 
 845     server
.clients 
= listCreate(); 
 846     server
.slaves 
= listCreate(); 
 847     server
.monitors 
= listCreate(); 
 848     server
.objfreelist 
= listCreate(); 
 849     createSharedObjects(); 
 850     server
.el 
= aeCreateEventLoop(); 
 851     server
.db 
= zmalloc(sizeof(redisDb
)*server
.dbnum
); 
 852     server
.sharingpool 
= dictCreate(&setDictType
,NULL
); 
 853     server
.sharingpoolsize 
= 1024; 
 854     if (!server
.db 
|| !server
.clients 
|| !server
.slaves 
|| !server
.monitors 
|| !server
.el 
|| !server
.objfreelist
) 
 855         oom("server initialization"); /* Fatal OOM */ 
 856     server
.fd 
= anetTcpServer(server
.neterr
, server
.port
, server
.bindaddr
); 
 857     if (server
.fd 
== -1) { 
 858         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
, "Opening TCP port: %s", server
.neterr
); 
 861     for (j 
= 0; j 
< server
.dbnum
; j
++) { 
 862         server
.db
[j
].dict 
= dictCreate(&hashDictType
,NULL
); 
 863         server
.db
[j
].expires 
= dictCreate(&setDictType
,NULL
); 
 866     server
.cronloops 
= 0; 
 867     server
.bgsaveinprogress 
= 0; 
 868     server
.lastsave 
= time(NULL
); 
 870     server
.usedmemory 
= 0; 
 871     server
.stat_numcommands 
= 0; 
 872     server
.stat_numconnections 
= 0; 
 873     server
.stat_starttime 
= time(NULL
); 
 874     aeCreateTimeEvent(server
.el
, 1000, serverCron
, NULL
, NULL
); 
 877 /* Empty the whole database */ 
 878 static long long emptyDb() { 
 880     long long removed 
= 0; 
 882     for (j 
= 0; j 
< server
.dbnum
; j
++) { 
 883         removed 
+= dictSize(server
.db
[j
].dict
); 
 884         dictEmpty(server
.db
[j
].dict
); 
 885         dictEmpty(server
.db
[j
].expires
); 
 890 /* I agree, this is a very rudimental way to load a configuration... 
 891    will improve later if the config gets more complex */ 
 892 static void loadServerConfig(char *filename
) { 
 893     FILE *fp 
= fopen(filename
,"r"); 
 894     char buf
[REDIS_CONFIGLINE_MAX
+1], *err 
= NULL
; 
 899         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Fatal error, can't open config file"); 
 902     while(fgets(buf
,REDIS_CONFIGLINE_MAX
+1,fp
) != NULL
) { 
 908         line 
= sdstrim(line
," \t\r\n"); 
 910         /* Skip comments and blank lines*/ 
 911         if (line
[0] == '#' || line
[0] == '\0') { 
 916         /* Split into arguments */ 
 917         argv 
= sdssplitlen(line
,sdslen(line
)," ",1,&argc
); 
 920         /* Execute config directives */ 
 921         if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"timeout") && argc 
== 2) { 
 922             server
.maxidletime 
= atoi(argv
[1]); 
 923             if (server
.maxidletime 
< 1) { 
 924                 err 
= "Invalid timeout value"; goto loaderr
; 
 926         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"port") && argc 
== 2) { 
 927             server
.port 
= atoi(argv
[1]); 
 928             if (server
.port 
< 1 || server
.port 
> 65535) { 
 929                 err 
= "Invalid port"; goto loaderr
; 
 931         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"bind") && argc 
== 2) { 
 932             server
.bindaddr 
= zstrdup(argv
[1]); 
 933         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"save") && argc 
== 3) { 
 934             int seconds 
= atoi(argv
[1]); 
 935             int changes 
= atoi(argv
[2]); 
 936             if (seconds 
< 1 || changes 
< 0) { 
 937                 err 
= "Invalid save parameters"; goto loaderr
; 
 939             appendServerSaveParams(seconds
,changes
); 
 940         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"dir") && argc 
== 2) { 
 941             if (chdir(argv
[1]) == -1) { 
 942                 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Can't chdir to '%s': %s", 
 943                     argv
[1], strerror(errno
)); 
 946         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"loglevel") && argc 
== 2) { 
 947             if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"debug")) server
.verbosity 
= REDIS_DEBUG
; 
 948             else if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"notice")) server
.verbosity 
= REDIS_NOTICE
; 
 949             else if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"warning")) server
.verbosity 
= REDIS_WARNING
; 
 951                 err 
= "Invalid log level. Must be one of debug, notice, warning"; 
 954         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"logfile") && argc 
== 2) { 
 957             server
.logfile 
= zstrdup(argv
[1]); 
 958             if (!strcmp(server
.logfile
,"stdout")) { 
 959                 zfree(server
.logfile
); 
 960                 server
.logfile 
= NULL
; 
 962             if (server
.logfile
) { 
 963                 /* Test if we are able to open the file. The server will not 
 964                  * be able to abort just for this problem later... */ 
 965                 fp 
= fopen(server
.logfile
,"a"); 
 967                     err 
= sdscatprintf(sdsempty(), 
 968                         "Can't open the log file: %s", strerror(errno
)); 
 973         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"databases") && argc 
== 2) { 
 974             server
.dbnum 
= atoi(argv
[1]); 
 975             if (server
.dbnum 
< 1) { 
 976                 err 
= "Invalid number of databases"; goto loaderr
; 
 978         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"slaveof") && argc 
== 3) { 
 979             server
.masterhost 
= sdsnew(argv
[1]); 
 980             server
.masterport 
= atoi(argv
[2]); 
 981             server
.replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_CONNECT
; 
 982         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"glueoutputbuf") && argc 
== 2) { 
 984             if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"yes")) server
.glueoutputbuf 
= 1; 
 985             else if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"no")) server
.glueoutputbuf 
= 0; 
 987                 err 
= "argument must be 'yes' or 'no'"; goto loaderr
; 
 989         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"shareobjects") && argc 
== 2) { 
 991             if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"yes")) server
.shareobjects 
= 1; 
 992             else if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"no")) server
.shareobjects 
= 0; 
 994                 err 
= "argument must be 'yes' or 'no'"; goto loaderr
; 
 996         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"daemonize") && argc 
== 2) { 
 998             if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"yes")) server
.daemonize 
= 1; 
 999             else if (!strcmp(argv
[1],"no")) server
.daemonize 
= 0; 
1001                 err 
= "argument must be 'yes' or 'no'"; goto loaderr
; 
1003         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"requirepass") && argc 
== 2) { 
1004           server
.requirepass 
= zstrdup(argv
[1]); 
1005         } else if (!strcmp(argv
[0],"pidfile") && argc 
== 2) { 
1006           server
.pidfile 
= zstrdup(argv
[1]); 
1008             err 
= "Bad directive or wrong number of arguments"; goto loaderr
; 
1010         for (j 
= 0; j 
< argc
; j
++) 
1019     fprintf(stderr
, "\n*** FATAL CONFIG FILE ERROR ***\n"); 
1020     fprintf(stderr
, "Reading the configuration file, at line %d\n", linenum
); 
1021     fprintf(stderr
, ">>> '%s'\n", line
); 
1022     fprintf(stderr
, "%s\n", err
); 
1026 static void freeClientArgv(redisClient 
*c
) { 
1029     for (j 
= 0; j 
< c
->argc
; j
++) 
1030         decrRefCount(c
->argv
[j
]); 
1034 static void freeClient(redisClient 
*c
) { 
1037     aeDeleteFileEvent(server
.el
,c
->fd
,AE_READABLE
); 
1038     aeDeleteFileEvent(server
.el
,c
->fd
,AE_WRITABLE
); 
1039     sdsfree(c
->querybuf
); 
1040     listRelease(c
->reply
); 
1043     ln 
= listSearchKey(server
.clients
,c
); 
1045     listDelNode(server
.clients
,ln
); 
1046     if (c
->flags 
& REDIS_SLAVE
) { 
1047         if (c
->replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_SEND_BULK 
&& c
->repldbfd 
!= -1) 
1049         list 
*l 
= (c
->flags 
& REDIS_MONITOR
) ? server
.monitors 
: server
.slaves
; 
1050         ln 
= listSearchKey(l
,c
); 
1054     if (c
->flags 
& REDIS_MASTER
) { 
1055         server
.master 
= NULL
; 
1056         server
.replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_CONNECT
; 
1061 static void glueReplyBuffersIfNeeded(redisClient 
*c
) { 
1066     listRewind(c
->reply
); 
1067     while((ln 
= listYield(c
->reply
))) { 
1069         totlen 
+= sdslen(o
->ptr
); 
1070         /* This optimization makes more sense if we don't have to copy 
1072         if (totlen 
> 1024) return; 
1078         listRewind(c
->reply
); 
1079         while((ln 
= listYield(c
->reply
))) { 
1081             memcpy(buf
+copylen
,o
->ptr
,sdslen(o
->ptr
)); 
1082             copylen 
+= sdslen(o
->ptr
); 
1083             listDelNode(c
->reply
,ln
); 
1085         /* Now the output buffer is empty, add the new single element */ 
1086         addReplySds(c
,sdsnewlen(buf
,totlen
)); 
1090 static void sendReplyToClient(aeEventLoop 
*el
, int fd
, void *privdata
, int mask
) { 
1091     redisClient 
*c 
= privdata
; 
1092     int nwritten 
= 0, totwritten 
= 0, objlen
; 
1095     REDIS_NOTUSED(mask
); 
1097     if (server
.glueoutputbuf 
&& listLength(c
->reply
) > 1) 
1098         glueReplyBuffersIfNeeded(c
); 
1099     while(listLength(c
->reply
)) { 
1100         o 
= listNodeValue(listFirst(c
->reply
)); 
1101         objlen 
= sdslen(o
->ptr
); 
1104             listDelNode(c
->reply
,listFirst(c
->reply
)); 
1108         if (c
->flags 
& REDIS_MASTER
) { 
1109             nwritten 
= objlen 
- c
->sentlen
; 
1111             nwritten 
= write(fd
, ((char*)o
->ptr
)+c
->sentlen
, objlen 
- c
->sentlen
); 
1112             if (nwritten 
<= 0) break; 
1114         c
->sentlen 
+= nwritten
; 
1115         totwritten 
+= nwritten
; 
1116         /* If we fully sent the object on head go to the next one */ 
1117         if (c
->sentlen 
== objlen
) { 
1118             listDelNode(c
->reply
,listFirst(c
->reply
)); 
1122     if (nwritten 
== -1) { 
1123         if (errno 
== EAGAIN
) { 
1126             redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
, 
1127                 "Error writing to client: %s", strerror(errno
)); 
1132     if (totwritten 
> 0) c
->lastinteraction 
= time(NULL
); 
1133     if (listLength(c
->reply
) == 0) { 
1135         aeDeleteFileEvent(server
.el
,c
->fd
,AE_WRITABLE
); 
1139 static struct redisCommand 
*lookupCommand(char *name
) { 
1141     while(cmdTable
[j
].name 
!= NULL
) { 
1142         if (!strcmp(name
,cmdTable
[j
].name
)) return &cmdTable
[j
]; 
1148 /* resetClient prepare the client to process the next command */ 
1149 static void resetClient(redisClient 
*c
) { 
1154 /* If this function gets called we already read a whole 
1155  * command, argments are in the client argv/argc fields. 
1156  * processCommand() execute the command or prepare the 
1157  * server for a bulk read from the client. 
1159  * If 1 is returned the client is still alive and valid and 
1160  * and other operations can be performed by the caller. Otherwise 
1161  * if 0 is returned the client was destroied (i.e. after QUIT). */ 
1162 static int processCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
1163     struct redisCommand 
*cmd
; 
1166     sdstolower(c
->argv
[0]->ptr
); 
1167     /* The QUIT command is handled as a special case. Normal command 
1168      * procs are unable to close the client connection safely */ 
1169     if (!strcmp(c
->argv
[0]->ptr
,"quit")) { 
1173     cmd 
= lookupCommand(c
->argv
[0]->ptr
); 
1175         addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR unknown command\r\n")); 
1178     } else if ((cmd
->arity 
> 0 && cmd
->arity 
!= c
->argc
) || 
1179                (c
->argc 
< -cmd
->arity
)) { 
1180         addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR wrong number of arguments\r\n")); 
1183     } else if (cmd
->flags 
& REDIS_CMD_BULK 
&& c
->bulklen 
== -1) { 
1184         int bulklen 
= atoi(c
->argv
[c
->argc
-1]->ptr
); 
1186         decrRefCount(c
->argv
[c
->argc
-1]); 
1187         if (bulklen 
< 0 || bulklen 
> 1024*1024*1024) { 
1189             addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR invalid bulk write count\r\n")); 
1194         c
->bulklen 
= bulklen
+2; /* add two bytes for CR+LF */ 
1195         /* It is possible that the bulk read is already in the 
1196          * buffer. Check this condition and handle it accordingly */ 
1197         if ((signed)sdslen(c
->querybuf
) >= c
->bulklen
) { 
1198             c
->argv
[c
->argc
] = createStringObject(c
->querybuf
,c
->bulklen
-2); 
1200             c
->querybuf 
= sdsrange(c
->querybuf
,c
->bulklen
,-1); 
1205     /* Let's try to share objects on the command arguments vector */ 
1206     if (server
.shareobjects
) { 
1208         for(j 
= 1; j 
< c
->argc
; j
++) 
1209             c
->argv
[j
] = tryObjectSharing(c
->argv
[j
]); 
1211     /* Check if the user is authenticated */ 
1212     if (server
.requirepass 
&& !c
->authenticated 
&& cmd
->proc 
!= authCommand
) { 
1213         addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR operation not permitted\r\n")); 
1218     /* Exec the command */ 
1219     dirty 
= server
.dirty
; 
1221     if (server
.dirty
-dirty 
!= 0 && listLength(server
.slaves
)) 
1222         replicationFeedSlaves(server
.slaves
,cmd
,c
->db
->id
,c
->argv
,c
->argc
); 
1223     if (listLength(server
.monitors
)) 
1224         replicationFeedSlaves(server
.monitors
,cmd
,c
->db
->id
,c
->argv
,c
->argc
); 
1225     server
.stat_numcommands
++; 
1227     /* Prepare the client for the next command */ 
1228     if (c
->flags 
& REDIS_CLOSE
) { 
1236 static void replicationFeedSlaves(list 
*slaves
, struct redisCommand 
*cmd
, int dictid
, robj 
**argv
, int argc
) { 
1238     robj 
*outv
[REDIS_MAX_ARGS
*4]; /* enough room for args, spaces, newlines */ 
1241     for (j 
= 0; j 
< argc
; j
++) { 
1242         if (j 
!= 0) outv
[outc
++] = shared
.space
; 
1243         if ((cmd
->flags 
& REDIS_CMD_BULK
) && j 
== argc
-1) { 
1246             lenobj 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
, 
1247                 sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"%d\r\n",sdslen(argv
[j
]->ptr
))); 
1248             lenobj
->refcount 
= 0; 
1249             outv
[outc
++] = lenobj
; 
1251         outv
[outc
++] = argv
[j
]; 
1253     outv
[outc
++] = shared
.crlf
; 
1255     /* Increment all the refcounts at start and decrement at end in order to 
1256      * be sure to free objects if there is no slave in a replication state 
1257      * able to be feed with commands */ 
1258     for (j 
= 0; j 
< outc
; j
++) incrRefCount(outv
[j
]); 
1260     while((ln 
= listYield(slaves
))) { 
1261         redisClient 
*slave 
= ln
->value
; 
1263         /* Don't feed slaves that are still waiting for BGSAVE to start */ 
1264         if (slave
->replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START
) continue; 
1266         /* Feed all the other slaves, MONITORs and so on */ 
1267         if (slave
->slaveseldb 
!= dictid
) { 
1271             case 0: selectcmd 
= shared
.select0
; break; 
1272             case 1: selectcmd 
= shared
.select1
; break; 
1273             case 2: selectcmd 
= shared
.select2
; break; 
1274             case 3: selectcmd 
= shared
.select3
; break; 
1275             case 4: selectcmd 
= shared
.select4
; break; 
1276             case 5: selectcmd 
= shared
.select5
; break; 
1277             case 6: selectcmd 
= shared
.select6
; break; 
1278             case 7: selectcmd 
= shared
.select7
; break; 
1279             case 8: selectcmd 
= shared
.select8
; break; 
1280             case 9: selectcmd 
= shared
.select9
; break; 
1282                 selectcmd 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
, 
1283                     sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"select %d\r\n",dictid
)); 
1284                 selectcmd
->refcount 
= 0; 
1287             addReply(slave
,selectcmd
); 
1288             slave
->slaveseldb 
= dictid
; 
1290         for (j 
= 0; j 
< outc
; j
++) addReply(slave
,outv
[j
]); 
1292     for (j 
= 0; j 
< outc
; j
++) decrRefCount(outv
[j
]); 
1295 static void readQueryFromClient(aeEventLoop 
*el
, int fd
, void *privdata
, int mask
) { 
1296     redisClient 
*c 
= (redisClient
*) privdata
; 
1297     char buf
[REDIS_IOBUF_LEN
]; 
1300     REDIS_NOTUSED(mask
); 
1302     nread 
= read(fd
, buf
, REDIS_IOBUF_LEN
); 
1304         if (errno 
== EAGAIN
) { 
1307             redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
, "Reading from client: %s",strerror(errno
)); 
1311     } else if (nread 
== 0) { 
1312         redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
, "Client closed connection"); 
1317         c
->querybuf 
= sdscatlen(c
->querybuf
, buf
, nread
); 
1318         c
->lastinteraction 
= time(NULL
); 
1324     if (c
->bulklen 
== -1) { 
1325         /* Read the first line of the query */ 
1326         char *p 
= strchr(c
->querybuf
,'\n'); 
1332             query 
= c
->querybuf
; 
1333             c
->querybuf 
= sdsempty(); 
1334             querylen 
= 1+(p
-(query
)); 
1335             if (sdslen(query
) > querylen
) { 
1336                 /* leave data after the first line of the query in the buffer */ 
1337                 c
->querybuf 
= sdscatlen(c
->querybuf
,query
+querylen
,sdslen(query
)-querylen
); 
1339             *p 
= '\0'; /* remove "\n" */ 
1340             if (*(p
-1) == '\r') *(p
-1) = '\0'; /* and "\r" if any */ 
1341             sdsupdatelen(query
); 
1343             /* Now we can split the query in arguments */ 
1344             if (sdslen(query
) == 0) { 
1345                 /* Ignore empty query */ 
1349             argv 
= sdssplitlen(query
,sdslen(query
)," ",1,&argc
); 
1351             if (argv 
== NULL
) oom("sdssplitlen"); 
1352             for (j 
= 0; j 
< argc 
&& j 
< REDIS_MAX_ARGS
; j
++) { 
1353                 if (sdslen(argv
[j
])) { 
1354                     c
->argv
[c
->argc
] = createObject(REDIS_STRING
,argv
[j
]); 
1361             /* Execute the command. If the client is still valid 
1362              * after processCommand() return and there is something 
1363              * on the query buffer try to process the next command. */ 
1364             if (processCommand(c
) && sdslen(c
->querybuf
)) goto again
; 
1366         } else if (sdslen(c
->querybuf
) >= 1024) { 
1367             redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
, "Client protocol error"); 
1372         /* Bulk read handling. Note that if we are at this point 
1373            the client already sent a command terminated with a newline, 
1374            we are reading the bulk data that is actually the last 
1375            argument of the command. */ 
1376         int qbl 
= sdslen(c
->querybuf
); 
1378         if (c
->bulklen 
<= qbl
) { 
1379             /* Copy everything but the final CRLF as final argument */ 
1380             c
->argv
[c
->argc
] = createStringObject(c
->querybuf
,c
->bulklen
-2); 
1382             c
->querybuf 
= sdsrange(c
->querybuf
,c
->bulklen
,-1); 
1389 static int selectDb(redisClient 
*c
, int id
) { 
1390     if (id 
< 0 || id 
>= server
.dbnum
) 
1392     c
->db 
= &server
.db
[id
]; 
1396 static void *dupClientReplyValue(void *o
) { 
1397     incrRefCount((robj
*)o
); 
1401 static redisClient 
*createClient(int fd
) { 
1402     redisClient 
*c 
= zmalloc(sizeof(*c
)); 
1404     anetNonBlock(NULL
,fd
); 
1405     anetTcpNoDelay(NULL
,fd
); 
1406     if (!c
) return NULL
; 
1409     c
->querybuf 
= sdsempty(); 
1414     c
->lastinteraction 
= time(NULL
); 
1415     c
->authenticated 
= 0; 
1416     c
->replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_NONE
; 
1417     if ((c
->reply 
= listCreate()) == NULL
) oom("listCreate"); 
1418     listSetFreeMethod(c
->reply
,decrRefCount
); 
1419     listSetDupMethod(c
->reply
,dupClientReplyValue
); 
1420     if (aeCreateFileEvent(server
.el
, c
->fd
, AE_READABLE
, 
1421         readQueryFromClient
, c
, NULL
) == AE_ERR
) { 
1425     if (!listAddNodeTail(server
.clients
,c
)) oom("listAddNodeTail"); 
1429 static void addReply(redisClient 
*c
, robj 
*obj
) { 
1430     if (listLength(c
->reply
) == 0 && 
1431         (c
->replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_NONE 
|| 
1432          c
->replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_ONLINE
) && 
1433         aeCreateFileEvent(server
.el
, c
->fd
, AE_WRITABLE
, 
1434         sendReplyToClient
, c
, NULL
) == AE_ERR
) return; 
1435     if (!listAddNodeTail(c
->reply
,obj
)) oom("listAddNodeTail"); 
1439 static void addReplySds(redisClient 
*c
, sds s
) { 
1440     robj 
*o 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,s
); 
1445 static void acceptHandler(aeEventLoop 
*el
, int fd
, void *privdata
, int mask
) { 
1449     REDIS_NOTUSED(mask
); 
1450     REDIS_NOTUSED(privdata
); 
1452     cfd 
= anetAccept(server
.neterr
, fd
, cip
, &cport
); 
1453     if (cfd 
== AE_ERR
) { 
1454         redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
,"Accepting client connection: %s", server
.neterr
); 
1457     redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
,"Accepted %s:%d", cip
, cport
); 
1458     if (createClient(cfd
) == NULL
) { 
1459         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Error allocating resoures for the client"); 
1460         close(cfd
); /* May be already closed, just ingore errors */ 
1463     server
.stat_numconnections
++; 
1466 /* ======================= Redis objects implementation ===================== */ 
1468 static robj 
*createObject(int type
, void *ptr
) { 
1471     if (listLength(server
.objfreelist
)) { 
1472         listNode 
*head 
= listFirst(server
.objfreelist
); 
1473         o 
= listNodeValue(head
); 
1474         listDelNode(server
.objfreelist
,head
); 
1476         o 
= zmalloc(sizeof(*o
)); 
1478     if (!o
) oom("createObject"); 
1485 static robj 
*createStringObject(char *ptr
, size_t len
) { 
1486     return createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdsnewlen(ptr
,len
)); 
1489 static robj 
*createListObject(void) { 
1490     list 
*l 
= listCreate(); 
1492     if (!l
) oom("listCreate"); 
1493     listSetFreeMethod(l
,decrRefCount
); 
1494     return createObject(REDIS_LIST
,l
); 
1497 static robj 
*createSetObject(void) { 
1498     dict 
*d 
= dictCreate(&setDictType
,NULL
); 
1499     if (!d
) oom("dictCreate"); 
1500     return createObject(REDIS_SET
,d
); 
1503 static void freeStringObject(robj 
*o
) { 
1507 static void freeListObject(robj 
*o
) { 
1508     listRelease((list
*) o
->ptr
); 
1511 static void freeSetObject(robj 
*o
) { 
1512     dictRelease((dict
*) o
->ptr
); 
1515 static void freeHashObject(robj 
*o
) { 
1516     dictRelease((dict
*) o
->ptr
); 
1519 static void incrRefCount(robj 
*o
) { 
1521 #ifdef DEBUG_REFCOUNT 
1522     if (o
->type 
== REDIS_STRING
) 
1523         printf("Increment '%s'(%p), now is: %d\n",o
->ptr
,o
,o
->refcount
); 
1527 static void decrRefCount(void *obj
) { 
1530 #ifdef DEBUG_REFCOUNT 
1531     if (o
->type 
== REDIS_STRING
) 
1532         printf("Decrement '%s'(%p), now is: %d\n",o
->ptr
,o
,o
->refcount
-1); 
1534     if (--(o
->refcount
) == 0) { 
1536         case REDIS_STRING
: freeStringObject(o
); break; 
1537         case REDIS_LIST
: freeListObject(o
); break; 
1538         case REDIS_SET
: freeSetObject(o
); break; 
1539         case REDIS_HASH
: freeHashObject(o
); break; 
1540         default: assert(0 != 0); break; 
1542         if (listLength(server
.objfreelist
) > REDIS_OBJFREELIST_MAX 
|| 
1543             !listAddNodeHead(server
.objfreelist
,o
)) 
1548 /* Try to share an object against the shared objects pool */ 
1549 static robj 
*tryObjectSharing(robj 
*o
) { 
1550     struct dictEntry 
*de
; 
1553     if (o 
== NULL 
|| server
.shareobjects 
== 0) return o
; 
1555     assert(o
->type 
== REDIS_STRING
); 
1556     de 
= dictFind(server
.sharingpool
,o
); 
1558         robj 
*shared 
= dictGetEntryKey(de
); 
1560         c 
= ((unsigned long) dictGetEntryVal(de
))+1; 
1561         dictGetEntryVal(de
) = (void*) c
; 
1562         incrRefCount(shared
); 
1566         /* Here we are using a stream algorihtm: Every time an object is 
1567          * shared we increment its count, everytime there is a miss we 
1568          * recrement the counter of a random object. If this object reaches 
1569          * zero we remove the object and put the current object instead. */ 
1570         if (dictSize(server
.sharingpool
) >= 
1571                 server
.sharingpoolsize
) { 
1572             de 
= dictGetRandomKey(server
.sharingpool
); 
1574             c 
= ((unsigned long) dictGetEntryVal(de
))-1; 
1575             dictGetEntryVal(de
) = (void*) c
; 
1577                 dictDelete(server
.sharingpool
,de
->key
); 
1580             c 
= 0; /* If the pool is empty we want to add this object */ 
1585             retval 
= dictAdd(server
.sharingpool
,o
,(void*)1); 
1586             assert(retval 
== DICT_OK
); 
1593 static robj 
*lookupKey(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
) { 
1594     dictEntry 
*de 
= dictFind(db
->dict
,key
); 
1595     return de 
? dictGetEntryVal(de
) : NULL
; 
1598 static robj 
*lookupKeyRead(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
) { 
1599     expireIfNeeded(db
,key
); 
1600     return lookupKey(db
,key
); 
1603 static robj 
*lookupKeyWrite(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
) { 
1604     deleteIfVolatile(db
,key
); 
1605     return lookupKey(db
,key
); 
1608 static int deleteKey(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
) { 
1611     /* We need to protect key from destruction: after the first dictDelete() 
1612      * it may happen that 'key' is no longer valid if we don't increment 
1613      * it's count. This may happen when we get the object reference directly 
1614      * from the hash table with dictRandomKey() or dict iterators */ 
1616     if (dictSize(db
->expires
)) dictDelete(db
->expires
,key
); 
1617     retval 
= dictDelete(db
->dict
,key
); 
1620     return retval 
== DICT_OK
; 
1623 /*============================ DB saving/loading ============================ */ 
1625 static int rdbSaveType(FILE *fp
, unsigned char type
) { 
1626     if (fwrite(&type
,1,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1630 static int rdbSaveTime(FILE *fp
, time_t t
) { 
1631     int32_t t32 
= (int32_t) t
; 
1632     if (fwrite(&t32
,4,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1636 /* check rdbLoadLen() comments for more info */ 
1637 static int rdbSaveLen(FILE *fp
, uint32_t len
) { 
1638     unsigned char buf
[2]; 
1641         /* Save a 6 bit len */ 
1642         buf
[0] = (len
&0xFF)|(REDIS_RDB_6BITLEN
<<6); 
1643         if (fwrite(buf
,1,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1644     } else if (len 
< (1<<14)) { 
1645         /* Save a 14 bit len */ 
1646         buf
[0] = ((len
>>8)&0xFF)|(REDIS_RDB_14BITLEN
<<6); 
1648         if (fwrite(buf
,2,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1650         /* Save a 32 bit len */ 
1651         buf
[0] = (REDIS_RDB_32BITLEN
<<6); 
1652         if (fwrite(buf
,1,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1654         if (fwrite(&len
,4,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1659 /* String objects in the form "2391" "-100" without any space and with a 
1660  * range of values that can fit in an 8, 16 or 32 bit signed value can be 
1661  * encoded as integers to save space */ 
1662 int rdbTryIntegerEncoding(sds s
, unsigned char *enc
) { 
1664     char *endptr
, buf
[32]; 
1666     /* Check if it's possible to encode this value as a number */ 
1667     value 
= strtoll(s
, &endptr
, 10); 
1668     if (endptr
[0] != '\0') return 0; 
1669     snprintf(buf
,32,"%lld",value
); 
1671     /* If the number converted back into a string is not identical 
1672      * then it's not possible to encode the string as integer */ 
1673     if (strlen(buf
) != sdslen(s
) || memcmp(buf
,s
,sdslen(s
))) return 0; 
1675     /* Finally check if it fits in our ranges */ 
1676     if (value 
>= -(1<<7) && value 
<= (1<<7)-1) { 
1677         enc
[0] = (REDIS_RDB_ENCVAL
<<6)|REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT8
; 
1678         enc
[1] = value
&0xFF; 
1680     } else if (value 
>= -(1<<15) && value 
<= (1<<15)-1) { 
1681         enc
[0] = (REDIS_RDB_ENCVAL
<<6)|REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT16
; 
1682         enc
[1] = value
&0xFF; 
1683         enc
[2] = (value
>>8)&0xFF; 
1685     } else if (value 
>= -((long long)1<<31) && value 
<= ((long long)1<<31)-1) { 
1686         enc
[0] = (REDIS_RDB_ENCVAL
<<6)|REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT32
; 
1687         enc
[1] = value
&0xFF; 
1688         enc
[2] = (value
>>8)&0xFF; 
1689         enc
[3] = (value
>>16)&0xFF; 
1690         enc
[4] = (value
>>24)&0xFF; 
1697 static int rdbSaveLzfStringObject(FILE *fp
, robj 
*obj
) { 
1698     unsigned int comprlen
, outlen
; 
1702     /* We require at least four bytes compression for this to be worth it */ 
1703     outlen 
= sdslen(obj
->ptr
)-4; 
1704     if (outlen 
<= 0) return 0; 
1705     if ((out 
= zmalloc(outlen
)) == NULL
) return 0; 
1706     comprlen 
= lzf_compress(obj
->ptr
, sdslen(obj
->ptr
), out
, outlen
); 
1707     if (comprlen 
== 0) { 
1711     /* Data compressed! Let's save it on disk */ 
1712     byte 
= (REDIS_RDB_ENCVAL
<<6)|REDIS_RDB_ENC_LZF
; 
1713     if (fwrite(&byte
,1,1,fp
) == 0) goto writeerr
; 
1714     if (rdbSaveLen(fp
,comprlen
) == -1) goto writeerr
; 
1715     if (rdbSaveLen(fp
,sdslen(obj
->ptr
)) == -1) goto writeerr
; 
1716     if (fwrite(out
,comprlen
,1,fp
) == 0) goto writeerr
; 
1725 /* Save a string objet as [len][data] on disk. If the object is a string 
1726  * representation of an integer value we try to safe it in a special form */ 
1727 static int rdbSaveStringObject(FILE *fp
, robj 
*obj
) { 
1728     size_t len 
= sdslen(obj
->ptr
); 
1731     /* Try integer encoding */ 
1733         unsigned char buf
[5]; 
1734         if ((enclen 
= rdbTryIntegerEncoding(obj
->ptr
,buf
)) > 0) { 
1735             if (fwrite(buf
,enclen
,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1740     /* Try LZF compression - under 20 bytes it's unable to compress even 
1741      * aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa so skip it */ 
1745         retval 
= rdbSaveLzfStringObject(fp
,obj
); 
1746         if (retval 
== -1) return -1; 
1747         if (retval 
> 0) return 0; 
1748         /* retval == 0 means data can't be compressed, save the old way */ 
1751     /* Store verbatim */ 
1752     if (rdbSaveLen(fp
,len
) == -1) return -1; 
1753     if (len 
&& fwrite(obj
->ptr
,len
,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1757 /* Save the DB on disk. Return REDIS_ERR on error, REDIS_OK on success */ 
1758 static int rdbSave(char *filename
) { 
1759     dictIterator 
*di 
= NULL
; 
1764     time_t now 
= time(NULL
); 
1766     snprintf(tmpfile
,256,"temp-%d.%ld.rdb",(int)time(NULL
),(long int)random()); 
1767     fp 
= fopen(tmpfile
,"w"); 
1769         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
, "Failed saving the DB: %s", strerror(errno
)); 
1772     if (fwrite("REDIS0001",9,1,fp
) == 0) goto werr
; 
1773     for (j 
= 0; j 
< server
.dbnum
; j
++) { 
1774         redisDb 
*db 
= server
.db
+j
; 
1776         if (dictSize(d
) == 0) continue; 
1777         di 
= dictGetIterator(d
); 
1783         /* Write the SELECT DB opcode */ 
1784         if (rdbSaveType(fp
,REDIS_SELECTDB
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1785         if (rdbSaveLen(fp
,j
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1787         /* Iterate this DB writing every entry */ 
1788         while((de 
= dictNext(di
)) != NULL
) { 
1789             robj 
*key 
= dictGetEntryKey(de
); 
1790             robj 
*o 
= dictGetEntryVal(de
); 
1791             time_t expiretime 
= getExpire(db
,key
); 
1793             /* Save the expire time */ 
1794             if (expiretime 
!= -1) { 
1795                 /* If this key is already expired skip it */ 
1796                 if (expiretime 
< now
) continue; 
1797                 if (rdbSaveType(fp
,REDIS_EXPIRETIME
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1798                 if (rdbSaveTime(fp
,expiretime
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1800             /* Save the key and associated value */ 
1801             if (rdbSaveType(fp
,o
->type
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1802             if (rdbSaveStringObject(fp
,key
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1803             if (o
->type 
== REDIS_STRING
) { 
1804                 /* Save a string value */ 
1805                 if (rdbSaveStringObject(fp
,o
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1806             } else if (o
->type 
== REDIS_LIST
) { 
1807                 /* Save a list value */ 
1808                 list 
*list 
= o
->ptr
; 
1812                 if (rdbSaveLen(fp
,listLength(list
)) == -1) goto werr
; 
1813                 while((ln 
= listYield(list
))) { 
1814                     robj 
*eleobj 
= listNodeValue(ln
); 
1816                     if (rdbSaveStringObject(fp
,eleobj
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1818             } else if (o
->type 
== REDIS_SET
) { 
1819                 /* Save a set value */ 
1821                 dictIterator 
*di 
= dictGetIterator(set
); 
1824                 if (!set
) oom("dictGetIteraotr"); 
1825                 if (rdbSaveLen(fp
,dictSize(set
)) == -1) goto werr
; 
1826                 while((de 
= dictNext(di
)) != NULL
) { 
1827                     robj 
*eleobj 
= dictGetEntryKey(de
); 
1829                     if (rdbSaveStringObject(fp
,eleobj
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1831                 dictReleaseIterator(di
); 
1836         dictReleaseIterator(di
); 
1839     if (rdbSaveType(fp
,REDIS_EOF
) == -1) goto werr
; 
1841     /* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */ 
1846     /* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only 
1847      * if the generate DB file is ok. */ 
1848     if (rename(tmpfile
,filename
) == -1) { 
1849         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Error moving temp DB file on the final destionation: %s", strerror(errno
)); 
1853     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"DB saved on disk"); 
1855     server
.lastsave 
= time(NULL
); 
1861     redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Write error saving DB on disk: %s", strerror(errno
)); 
1862     if (di
) dictReleaseIterator(di
); 
1866 static int rdbSaveBackground(char *filename
) { 
1869     if (server
.bgsaveinprogress
) return REDIS_ERR
; 
1870     if ((childpid 
= fork()) == 0) { 
1873         if (rdbSave(filename
) == REDIS_OK
) { 
1880         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Background saving started by pid %d",childpid
); 
1881         server
.bgsaveinprogress 
= 1; 
1884     return REDIS_OK
; /* unreached */ 
1887 static int rdbLoadType(FILE *fp
) { 
1889     if (fread(&type
,1,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1893 static time_t rdbLoadTime(FILE *fp
) { 
1895     if (fread(&t32
,4,1,fp
) == 0) return -1; 
1896     return (time_t) t32
; 
1899 /* Load an encoded length from the DB, see the REDIS_RDB_* defines on the top 
1900  * of this file for a description of how this are stored on disk. 
1902  * isencoded is set to 1 if the readed length is not actually a length but 
1903  * an "encoding type", check the above comments for more info */ 
1904 static uint32_t rdbLoadLen(FILE *fp
, int rdbver
, int *isencoded
) { 
1905     unsigned char buf
[2]; 
1908     if (isencoded
) *isencoded 
= 0; 
1910         if (fread(&len
,4,1,fp
) == 0) return REDIS_RDB_LENERR
; 
1915         if (fread(buf
,1,1,fp
) == 0) return REDIS_RDB_LENERR
; 
1916         type 
= (buf
[0]&0xC0)>>6; 
1917         if (type 
== REDIS_RDB_6BITLEN
) { 
1918             /* Read a 6 bit len */ 
1920         } else if (type 
== REDIS_RDB_ENCVAL
) { 
1921             /* Read a 6 bit len encoding type */ 
1922             if (isencoded
) *isencoded 
= 1; 
1924         } else if (type 
== REDIS_RDB_14BITLEN
) { 
1925             /* Read a 14 bit len */ 
1926             if (fread(buf
+1,1,1,fp
) == 0) return REDIS_RDB_LENERR
; 
1927             return ((buf
[0]&0x3F)<<8)|buf
[1]; 
1929             /* Read a 32 bit len */ 
1930             if (fread(&len
,4,1,fp
) == 0) return REDIS_RDB_LENERR
; 
1936 static robj 
*rdbLoadIntegerObject(FILE *fp
, int enctype
) { 
1937     unsigned char enc
[4]; 
1940     if (enctype 
== REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT8
) { 
1941         if (fread(enc
,1,1,fp
) == 0) return NULL
; 
1942         val 
= (signed char)enc
[0]; 
1943     } else if (enctype 
== REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT16
) { 
1945         if (fread(enc
,2,1,fp
) == 0) return NULL
; 
1946         v 
= enc
[0]|(enc
[1]<<8); 
1948     } else if (enctype 
== REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT32
) { 
1950         if (fread(enc
,4,1,fp
) == 0) return NULL
; 
1951         v 
= enc
[0]|(enc
[1]<<8)|(enc
[2]<<16)|(enc
[3]<<24); 
1954         val 
= 0; /* anti-warning */ 
1957     return createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"%lld",val
)); 
1960 static robj 
*rdbLoadLzfStringObject(FILE*fp
, int rdbver
) { 
1961     unsigned int len
, clen
; 
1962     unsigned char *c 
= NULL
; 
1965     if ((clen 
= rdbLoadLen(fp
,rdbver
,NULL
)) == REDIS_RDB_LENERR
) return NULL
; 
1966     if ((len 
= rdbLoadLen(fp
,rdbver
,NULL
)) == REDIS_RDB_LENERR
) return NULL
; 
1967     if ((c 
= zmalloc(clen
)) == NULL
) goto err
; 
1968     if ((val 
= sdsnewlen(NULL
,len
)) == NULL
) goto err
; 
1969     if (fread(c
,clen
,1,fp
) == 0) goto err
; 
1970     if (lzf_decompress(c
,clen
,val
,len
) == 0) goto err
; 
1971     return createObject(REDIS_STRING
,val
); 
1978 static robj 
*rdbLoadStringObject(FILE*fp
, int rdbver
) { 
1983     len 
= rdbLoadLen(fp
,rdbver
,&isencoded
); 
1986         case REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT8
: 
1987         case REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT16
: 
1988         case REDIS_RDB_ENC_INT32
: 
1989             return tryObjectSharing(rdbLoadIntegerObject(fp
,len
)); 
1990         case REDIS_RDB_ENC_LZF
: 
1991             return tryObjectSharing(rdbLoadLzfStringObject(fp
,rdbver
)); 
1997     if (len 
== REDIS_RDB_LENERR
) return NULL
; 
1998     val 
= sdsnewlen(NULL
,len
); 
1999     if (len 
&& fread(val
,len
,1,fp
) == 0) { 
2003     return tryObjectSharing(createObject(REDIS_STRING
,val
)); 
2006 static int rdbLoad(char *filename
) { 
2008     robj 
*keyobj 
= NULL
; 
2010     int type
, retval
, rdbver
; 
2011     dict 
*d 
= server
.db
[0].dict
; 
2012     redisDb 
*db 
= server
.db
+0; 
2014     time_t expiretime 
= -1, now 
= time(NULL
); 
2016     fp 
= fopen(filename
,"r"); 
2017     if (!fp
) return REDIS_ERR
; 
2018     if (fread(buf
,9,1,fp
) == 0) goto eoferr
; 
2020     if (memcmp(buf
,"REDIS",5) != 0) { 
2022         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Wrong signature trying to load DB from file"); 
2025     rdbver 
= atoi(buf
+5); 
2028         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Can't handle RDB format version %d",rdbver
); 
2035         if ((type 
= rdbLoadType(fp
)) == -1) goto eoferr
; 
2036         if (type 
== REDIS_EXPIRETIME
) { 
2037             if ((expiretime 
= rdbLoadTime(fp
)) == -1) goto eoferr
; 
2038             /* We read the time so we need to read the object type again */ 
2039             if ((type 
= rdbLoadType(fp
)) == -1) goto eoferr
; 
2041         if (type 
== REDIS_EOF
) break; 
2042         /* Handle SELECT DB opcode as a special case */ 
2043         if (type 
== REDIS_SELECTDB
) { 
2044             if ((dbid 
= rdbLoadLen(fp
,rdbver
,NULL
)) == REDIS_RDB_LENERR
) 
2046             if (dbid 
>= (unsigned)server
.dbnum
) { 
2047                 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"FATAL: Data file was created with a Redis server configured to handle more than %d databases. Exiting\n", server
.dbnum
); 
2050             db 
= server
.db
+dbid
; 
2055         if ((keyobj 
= rdbLoadStringObject(fp
,rdbver
)) == NULL
) goto eoferr
; 
2057         if (type 
== REDIS_STRING
) { 
2058             /* Read string value */ 
2059             if ((o 
= rdbLoadStringObject(fp
,rdbver
)) == NULL
) goto eoferr
; 
2060         } else if (type 
== REDIS_LIST 
|| type 
== REDIS_SET
) { 
2061             /* Read list/set value */ 
2064             if ((listlen 
= rdbLoadLen(fp
,rdbver
,NULL
)) == REDIS_RDB_LENERR
) 
2066             o 
= (type 
== REDIS_LIST
) ? createListObject() : createSetObject(); 
2067             /* Load every single element of the list/set */ 
2071                 if ((ele 
= rdbLoadStringObject(fp
,rdbver
)) == NULL
) goto eoferr
; 
2072                 if (type 
== REDIS_LIST
) { 
2073                     if (!listAddNodeTail((list
*)o
->ptr
,ele
)) 
2074                         oom("listAddNodeTail"); 
2076                     if (dictAdd((dict
*)o
->ptr
,ele
,NULL
) == DICT_ERR
) 
2083         /* Add the new object in the hash table */ 
2084         retval 
= dictAdd(d
,keyobj
,o
); 
2085         if (retval 
== DICT_ERR
) { 
2086             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Loading DB, duplicated key (%s) found! Unrecoverable error, exiting now.", keyobj
->ptr
); 
2089         /* Set the expire time if needed */ 
2090         if (expiretime 
!= -1) { 
2091             setExpire(db
,keyobj
,expiretime
); 
2092             /* Delete this key if already expired */ 
2093             if (expiretime 
< now
) deleteKey(db
,keyobj
); 
2101 eoferr
: /* unexpected end of file is handled here with a fatal exit */ 
2102     if (keyobj
) decrRefCount(keyobj
); 
2103     redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Short read or OOM loading DB. Unrecoverable error, exiting now."); 
2105     return REDIS_ERR
; /* Just to avoid warning */ 
2108 /*================================== Commands =============================== */ 
2110 static void authCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2111     if (!server
.requirepass 
|| !strcmp(c
->argv
[1]->ptr
, server
.requirepass
)) { 
2112       c
->authenticated 
= 1; 
2113       addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2115       c
->authenticated 
= 0; 
2116       addReply(c
,shared
.err
); 
2120 static void pingCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2121     addReply(c
,shared
.pong
); 
2124 static void echoCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2125     addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n", 
2126         (int)sdslen(c
->argv
[1]->ptr
))); 
2127     addReply(c
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2128     addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2131 /*=================================== Strings =============================== */ 
2133 static void setGenericCommand(redisClient 
*c
, int nx
) { 
2136     retval 
= dictAdd(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[1],c
->argv
[2]); 
2137     if (retval 
== DICT_ERR
) { 
2139             dictReplace(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[1],c
->argv
[2]); 
2140             incrRefCount(c
->argv
[2]); 
2142             addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2146         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[1]); 
2147         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[2]); 
2150     removeExpire(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2151     addReply(c
, nx 
? shared
.cone 
: shared
.ok
); 
2154 static void setCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2155     setGenericCommand(c
,0); 
2158 static void setnxCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2159     setGenericCommand(c
,1); 
2162 static void getCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2163     robj 
*o 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2166         addReply(c
,shared
.nullbulk
); 
2168         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_STRING
) { 
2169             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2171             addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n",(int)sdslen(o
->ptr
))); 
2173             addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2178 static void mgetCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2181     addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"*%d\r\n",c
->argc
-1)); 
2182     for (j 
= 1; j 
< c
->argc
; j
++) { 
2183         robj 
*o 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[j
]); 
2185             addReply(c
,shared
.nullbulk
); 
2187             if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_STRING
) { 
2188                 addReply(c
,shared
.nullbulk
); 
2190                 addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n",(int)sdslen(o
->ptr
))); 
2192                 addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2198 static void incrDecrCommand(redisClient 
*c
, long long incr
) { 
2203     o 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2207         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_STRING
) { 
2212             value 
= strtoll(o
->ptr
, &eptr
, 10); 
2217     o 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"%lld",value
)); 
2218     retval 
= dictAdd(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[1],o
); 
2219     if (retval 
== DICT_ERR
) { 
2220         dictReplace(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[1],o
); 
2221         removeExpire(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2223         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[1]); 
2226     addReply(c
,shared
.colon
); 
2228     addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2231 static void incrCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2232     incrDecrCommand(c
,1); 
2235 static void decrCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2236     incrDecrCommand(c
,-1); 
2239 static void incrbyCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2240     long long incr 
= strtoll(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
, NULL
, 10); 
2241     incrDecrCommand(c
,incr
); 
2244 static void decrbyCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2245     long long incr 
= strtoll(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
, NULL
, 10); 
2246     incrDecrCommand(c
,-incr
); 
2249 /* ========================= Type agnostic commands ========================= */ 
2251 static void delCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2252     if (deleteKey(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1])) { 
2254         addReply(c
,shared
.cone
); 
2256         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2260 static void existsCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2261     addReply(c
,lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]) ? shared
.cone 
: shared
.czero
); 
2264 static void selectCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2265     int id 
= atoi(c
->argv
[1]->ptr
); 
2267     if (selectDb(c
,id
) == REDIS_ERR
) { 
2268         addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR invalid DB index\r\n")); 
2270         addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2274 static void randomkeyCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2278         de 
= dictGetRandomKey(c
->db
->dict
); 
2279         if (!de 
|| expireIfNeeded(c
->db
,dictGetEntryKey(de
)) == 0) break; 
2282         addReply(c
,shared
.plus
); 
2283         addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2285         addReply(c
,shared
.plus
); 
2286         addReply(c
,dictGetEntryKey(de
)); 
2287         addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2291 static void keysCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2294     sds pattern 
= c
->argv
[1]->ptr
; 
2295     int plen 
= sdslen(pattern
); 
2296     int numkeys 
= 0, keyslen 
= 0; 
2297     robj 
*lenobj 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,NULL
); 
2299     di 
= dictGetIterator(c
->db
->dict
); 
2300     if (!di
) oom("dictGetIterator"); 
2302     decrRefCount(lenobj
); 
2303     while((de 
= dictNext(di
)) != NULL
) { 
2304         robj 
*keyobj 
= dictGetEntryKey(de
); 
2306         sds key 
= keyobj
->ptr
; 
2307         if ((pattern
[0] == '*' && pattern
[1] == '\0') || 
2308             stringmatchlen(pattern
,plen
,key
,sdslen(key
),0)) { 
2309             if (expireIfNeeded(c
->db
,keyobj
) == 0) { 
2311                     addReply(c
,shared
.space
); 
2314                 keyslen 
+= sdslen(key
); 
2318     dictReleaseIterator(di
); 
2319     lenobj
->ptr 
= sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%lu\r\n",keyslen
+(numkeys 
? (numkeys
-1) : 0)); 
2320     addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2323 static void dbsizeCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2325         sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),":%lu\r\n",dictSize(c
->db
->dict
))); 
2328 static void lastsaveCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2330         sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),":%lu\r\n",server
.lastsave
)); 
2333 static void typeCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2337     o 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2342         case REDIS_STRING
: type 
= "+string"; break; 
2343         case REDIS_LIST
: type 
= "+list"; break; 
2344         case REDIS_SET
: type 
= "+set"; break; 
2345         default: type 
= "unknown"; break; 
2348     addReplySds(c
,sdsnew(type
)); 
2349     addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2352 static void saveCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2353     if (server
.bgsaveinprogress
) { 
2354         addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR background save in progress\r\n")); 
2357     if (rdbSave(server
.dbfilename
) == REDIS_OK
) { 
2358         addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2360         addReply(c
,shared
.err
); 
2364 static void bgsaveCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2365     if (server
.bgsaveinprogress
) { 
2366         addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR background save already in progress\r\n")); 
2369     if (rdbSaveBackground(server
.dbfilename
) == REDIS_OK
) { 
2370         addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2372         addReply(c
,shared
.err
); 
2376 static void shutdownCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2377     redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"User requested shutdown, saving DB..."); 
2378     /* XXX: TODO kill the child if there is a bgsave in progress */ 
2379     if (rdbSave(server
.dbfilename
) == REDIS_OK
) { 
2380         if (server
.daemonize
) { 
2381           unlink(server
.pidfile
); 
2383         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Server exit now, bye bye..."); 
2386         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Error trying to save the DB, can't exit");  
2387         addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR can't quit, problems saving the DB\r\n")); 
2391 static void renameGenericCommand(redisClient 
*c
, int nx
) { 
2394     /* To use the same key as src and dst is probably an error */ 
2395     if (sdscmp(c
->argv
[1]->ptr
,c
->argv
[2]->ptr
) == 0) { 
2396         addReply(c
,shared
.sameobjecterr
); 
2400     o 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2402         addReply(c
,shared
.nokeyerr
); 
2406     deleteIfVolatile(c
->db
,c
->argv
[2]); 
2407     if (dictAdd(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[2],o
) == DICT_ERR
) { 
2410             addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2413         dictReplace(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[2],o
); 
2415         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[2]); 
2417     deleteKey(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2419     addReply(c
,nx 
? shared
.cone 
: shared
.ok
); 
2422 static void renameCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2423     renameGenericCommand(c
,0); 
2426 static void renamenxCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2427     renameGenericCommand(c
,1); 
2430 static void moveCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2435     /* Obtain source and target DB pointers */ 
2438     if (selectDb(c
,atoi(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
)) == REDIS_ERR
) { 
2439         addReply(c
,shared
.outofrangeerr
); 
2443     selectDb(c
,srcid
); /* Back to the source DB */ 
2445     /* If the user is moving using as target the same 
2446      * DB as the source DB it is probably an error. */ 
2448         addReply(c
,shared
.sameobjecterr
); 
2452     /* Check if the element exists and get a reference */ 
2453     o 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2455         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2459     /* Try to add the element to the target DB */ 
2460     deleteIfVolatile(dst
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2461     if (dictAdd(dst
->dict
,c
->argv
[1],o
) == DICT_ERR
) { 
2462         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2465     incrRefCount(c
->argv
[1]); 
2468     /* OK! key moved, free the entry in the source DB */ 
2469     deleteKey(src
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2471     addReply(c
,shared
.cone
); 
2474 /* =================================== Lists ================================ */ 
2475 static void pushGenericCommand(redisClient 
*c
, int where
) { 
2479     lobj 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2481         lobj 
= createListObject(); 
2483         if (where 
== REDIS_HEAD
) { 
2484             if (!listAddNodeHead(list
,c
->argv
[2])) oom("listAddNodeHead"); 
2486             if (!listAddNodeTail(list
,c
->argv
[2])) oom("listAddNodeTail"); 
2488         dictAdd(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[1],lobj
); 
2489         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[1]); 
2490         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[2]); 
2492         if (lobj
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
2493             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2497         if (where 
== REDIS_HEAD
) { 
2498             if (!listAddNodeHead(list
,c
->argv
[2])) oom("listAddNodeHead"); 
2500             if (!listAddNodeTail(list
,c
->argv
[2])) oom("listAddNodeTail"); 
2502         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[2]); 
2505     addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2508 static void lpushCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2509     pushGenericCommand(c
,REDIS_HEAD
); 
2512 static void rpushCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2513     pushGenericCommand(c
,REDIS_TAIL
); 
2516 static void llenCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2520     o 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2522         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2525         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
2526             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2529             addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),":%d\r\n",listLength(l
))); 
2534 static void lindexCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2536     int index 
= atoi(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
); 
2538     o 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2540         addReply(c
,shared
.nullbulk
); 
2542         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
2543             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2545             list 
*list 
= o
->ptr
; 
2548             ln 
= listIndex(list
, index
); 
2550                 addReply(c
,shared
.nullbulk
); 
2552                 robj 
*ele 
= listNodeValue(ln
); 
2553                 addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n",(int)sdslen(ele
->ptr
))); 
2555                 addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2561 static void lsetCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2563     int index 
= atoi(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
); 
2565     o 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2567         addReply(c
,shared
.nokeyerr
); 
2569         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
2570             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2572             list 
*list 
= o
->ptr
; 
2575             ln 
= listIndex(list
, index
); 
2577                 addReply(c
,shared
.outofrangeerr
); 
2579                 robj 
*ele 
= listNodeValue(ln
); 
2582                 listNodeValue(ln
) = c
->argv
[3]; 
2583                 incrRefCount(c
->argv
[3]); 
2584                 addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2591 static void popGenericCommand(redisClient 
*c
, int where
) { 
2594     o 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2596         addReply(c
,shared
.nullbulk
); 
2598         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
2599             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2601             list 
*list 
= o
->ptr
; 
2604             if (where 
== REDIS_HEAD
) 
2605                 ln 
= listFirst(list
); 
2607                 ln 
= listLast(list
); 
2610                 addReply(c
,shared
.nullbulk
); 
2612                 robj 
*ele 
= listNodeValue(ln
); 
2613                 addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n",(int)sdslen(ele
->ptr
))); 
2615                 addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2616                 listDelNode(list
,ln
); 
2623 static void lpopCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2624     popGenericCommand(c
,REDIS_HEAD
); 
2627 static void rpopCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2628     popGenericCommand(c
,REDIS_TAIL
); 
2631 static void lrangeCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2633     int start 
= atoi(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
); 
2634     int end 
= atoi(c
->argv
[3]->ptr
); 
2636     o 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2638         addReply(c
,shared
.nullmultibulk
); 
2640         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
2641             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2643             list 
*list 
= o
->ptr
; 
2645             int llen 
= listLength(list
); 
2649             /* convert negative indexes */ 
2650             if (start 
< 0) start 
= llen
+start
; 
2651             if (end 
< 0) end 
= llen
+end
; 
2652             if (start 
< 0) start 
= 0; 
2653             if (end 
< 0) end 
= 0; 
2655             /* indexes sanity checks */ 
2656             if (start 
> end 
|| start 
>= llen
) { 
2657                 /* Out of range start or start > end result in empty list */ 
2658                 addReply(c
,shared
.emptymultibulk
); 
2661             if (end 
>= llen
) end 
= llen
-1; 
2662             rangelen 
= (end
-start
)+1; 
2664             /* Return the result in form of a multi-bulk reply */ 
2665             ln 
= listIndex(list
, start
); 
2666             addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"*%d\r\n",rangelen
)); 
2667             for (j 
= 0; j 
< rangelen
; j
++) { 
2668                 ele 
= listNodeValue(ln
); 
2669                 addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n",(int)sdslen(ele
->ptr
))); 
2671                 addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2678 static void ltrimCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2680     int start 
= atoi(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
); 
2681     int end 
= atoi(c
->argv
[3]->ptr
); 
2683     o 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2685         addReply(c
,shared
.nokeyerr
); 
2687         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
2688             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2690             list 
*list 
= o
->ptr
; 
2692             int llen 
= listLength(list
); 
2693             int j
, ltrim
, rtrim
; 
2695             /* convert negative indexes */ 
2696             if (start 
< 0) start 
= llen
+start
; 
2697             if (end 
< 0) end 
= llen
+end
; 
2698             if (start 
< 0) start 
= 0; 
2699             if (end 
< 0) end 
= 0; 
2701             /* indexes sanity checks */ 
2702             if (start 
> end 
|| start 
>= llen
) { 
2703                 /* Out of range start or start > end result in empty list */ 
2707                 if (end 
>= llen
) end 
= llen
-1; 
2712             /* Remove list elements to perform the trim */ 
2713             for (j 
= 0; j 
< ltrim
; j
++) { 
2714                 ln 
= listFirst(list
); 
2715                 listDelNode(list
,ln
); 
2717             for (j 
= 0; j 
< rtrim
; j
++) { 
2718                 ln 
= listLast(list
); 
2719                 listDelNode(list
,ln
); 
2721             addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2727 static void lremCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2730     o 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2732         addReply(c
,shared
.nokeyerr
); 
2734         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
2735             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2737             list 
*list 
= o
->ptr
; 
2738             listNode 
*ln
, *next
; 
2739             int toremove 
= atoi(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
); 
2744                 toremove 
= -toremove
; 
2747             ln 
= fromtail 
? list
->tail 
: list
->head
; 
2749                 robj 
*ele 
= listNodeValue(ln
); 
2751                 next 
= fromtail 
? ln
->prev 
: ln
->next
; 
2752                 if (sdscmp(ele
->ptr
,c
->argv
[3]->ptr
) == 0) { 
2753                     listDelNode(list
,ln
); 
2756                     if (toremove 
&& removed 
== toremove
) break; 
2760             addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),":%d\r\n",removed
)); 
2765 /* ==================================== Sets ================================ */ 
2767 static void saddCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2770     set 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2772         set 
= createSetObject(); 
2773         dictAdd(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[1],set
); 
2774         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[1]); 
2776         if (set
->type 
!= REDIS_SET
) { 
2777             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2781     if (dictAdd(set
->ptr
,c
->argv
[2],NULL
) == DICT_OK
) { 
2782         incrRefCount(c
->argv
[2]); 
2784         addReply(c
,shared
.cone
); 
2786         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2790 static void sremCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2793     set 
= lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2795         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2797         if (set
->type 
!= REDIS_SET
) { 
2798             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2801         if (dictDelete(set
->ptr
,c
->argv
[2]) == DICT_OK
) { 
2803             addReply(c
,shared
.cone
); 
2805             addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2810 static void sismemberCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2813     set 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2815         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2817         if (set
->type 
!= REDIS_SET
) { 
2818             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2821         if (dictFind(set
->ptr
,c
->argv
[2])) 
2822             addReply(c
,shared
.cone
); 
2824             addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2828 static void scardCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2832     o 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
2834         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
2837         if (o
->type 
!= REDIS_SET
) { 
2838             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2841             addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),":%d\r\n", 
2847 static int qsortCompareSetsByCardinality(const void *s1
, const void *s2
) { 
2848     dict 
**d1 
= (void*) s1
, **d2 
= (void*) s2
; 
2850     return dictSize(*d1
)-dictSize(*d2
); 
2853 static void sinterGenericCommand(redisClient 
*c
, robj 
**setskeys
, int setsnum
, robj 
*dstkey
) { 
2854     dict 
**dv 
= zmalloc(sizeof(dict
*)*setsnum
); 
2857     robj 
*lenobj 
= NULL
, *dstset 
= NULL
; 
2858     int j
, cardinality 
= 0; 
2860     if (!dv
) oom("sinterCommand"); 
2861     for (j 
= 0; j 
< setsnum
; j
++) { 
2865                     lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,setskeys
[j
]) : 
2866                     lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,setskeys
[j
]); 
2870                 deleteKey(c
->db
,dstkey
); 
2871                 addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2873                 addReply(c
,shared
.nullmultibulk
); 
2877         if (setobj
->type 
!= REDIS_SET
) { 
2879             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2882         dv
[j
] = setobj
->ptr
; 
2884     /* Sort sets from the smallest to largest, this will improve our 
2885      * algorithm's performace */ 
2886     qsort(dv
,setsnum
,sizeof(dict
*),qsortCompareSetsByCardinality
); 
2888     /* The first thing we should output is the total number of elements... 
2889      * since this is a multi-bulk write, but at this stage we don't know 
2890      * the intersection set size, so we use a trick, append an empty object 
2891      * to the output list and save the pointer to later modify it with the 
2894         lenobj 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,NULL
); 
2896         decrRefCount(lenobj
); 
2898         /* If we have a target key where to store the resulting set 
2899          * create this key with an empty set inside */ 
2900         dstset 
= createSetObject(); 
2901         deleteKey(c
->db
,dstkey
); 
2902         dictAdd(c
->db
->dict
,dstkey
,dstset
); 
2903         incrRefCount(dstkey
); 
2906     /* Iterate all the elements of the first (smallest) set, and test 
2907      * the element against all the other sets, if at least one set does 
2908      * not include the element it is discarded */ 
2909     di 
= dictGetIterator(dv
[0]); 
2910     if (!di
) oom("dictGetIterator"); 
2912     while((de 
= dictNext(di
)) != NULL
) { 
2915         for (j 
= 1; j 
< setsnum
; j
++) 
2916             if (dictFind(dv
[j
],dictGetEntryKey(de
)) == NULL
) break; 
2918             continue; /* at least one set does not contain the member */ 
2919         ele 
= dictGetEntryKey(de
); 
2921             addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n",sdslen(ele
->ptr
))); 
2923             addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
2926             dictAdd(dstset
->ptr
,ele
,NULL
); 
2930     dictReleaseIterator(di
); 
2933         lenobj
->ptr 
= sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"*%d\r\n",cardinality
); 
2935         addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
2941 static void sinterCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2942     sinterGenericCommand(c
,c
->argv
+1,c
->argc
-1,NULL
); 
2945 static void sinterstoreCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
2946     sinterGenericCommand(c
,c
->argv
+2,c
->argc
-2,c
->argv
[1]); 
2949 static void sunionGenericCommand(redisClient 
*c
, robj 
**setskeys
, int setsnum
, robj 
*dstkey
) { 
2950     dict 
**dv 
= zmalloc(sizeof(dict
*)*setsnum
); 
2953     robj 
*lenobj 
= NULL
, *dstset 
= NULL
; 
2954     int j
, cardinality 
= 0; 
2956     if (!dv
) oom("sunionCommand"); 
2957     for (j 
= 0; j 
< setsnum
; j
++) { 
2961                     lookupKeyWrite(c
->db
,setskeys
[j
]) : 
2962                     lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,setskeys
[j
]); 
2967         if (setobj
->type 
!= REDIS_SET
) { 
2969             addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
2972         dv
[j
] = setobj
->ptr
; 
2975     /* We need a temp set object to store our union. If the dstkey 
2976      * is not NULL (that is, we are inside an SUNIONSTORE operation) then 
2977      * this set object will be the resulting object to set into the target key*/ 
2978     dstset 
= createSetObject(); 
2980     /* The first thing we should output is the total number of elements... 
2981      * since this is a multi-bulk write, but at this stage we don't know 
2982      * the intersection set size, so we use a trick, append an empty object 
2983      * to the output list and save the pointer to later modify it with the 
2986         lenobj 
= createObject(REDIS_STRING
,NULL
); 
2988         decrRefCount(lenobj
); 
2990         /* If we have a target key where to store the resulting set 
2991          * create this key with an empty set inside */ 
2992         deleteKey(c
->db
,dstkey
); 
2993         dictAdd(c
->db
->dict
,dstkey
,dstset
); 
2994         incrRefCount(dstkey
); 
2998     /* Iterate all the elements of all the sets, add every element a single 
2999      * time to the result set */ 
3000     for (j 
= 0; j 
< setsnum
; j
++) { 
3001         if (!dv
[j
]) continue; /* non existing keys are like empty sets */ 
3003         di 
= dictGetIterator(dv
[j
]); 
3004         if (!di
) oom("dictGetIterator"); 
3006         while((de 
= dictNext(di
)) != NULL
) { 
3009             /* dictAdd will not add the same element multiple times */ 
3010             ele 
= dictGetEntryKey(de
); 
3011             if (dictAdd(dstset
->ptr
,ele
,NULL
) == DICT_OK
) { 
3014                     addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(), 
3015                             "$%d\r\n",sdslen(ele
->ptr
))); 
3017                     addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
3022         dictReleaseIterator(di
); 
3026         lenobj
->ptr 
= sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"*%d\r\n",cardinality
); 
3027         decrRefCount(dstset
); 
3029         addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
3035 static void sunionCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3036     sunionGenericCommand(c
,c
->argv
+1,c
->argc
-1,NULL
); 
3039 static void sunionstoreCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3040     sunionGenericCommand(c
,c
->argv
+2,c
->argc
-2,c
->argv
[1]); 
3043 static void flushdbCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3044     server
.dirty 
+= dictSize(c
->db
->dict
); 
3045     dictEmpty(c
->db
->dict
); 
3046     dictEmpty(c
->db
->expires
); 
3047     addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
3050 static void flushallCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3051     server
.dirty 
+= emptyDb(); 
3052     addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
3053     rdbSave(server
.dbfilename
); 
3057 redisSortOperation 
*createSortOperation(int type
, robj 
*pattern
) { 
3058     redisSortOperation 
*so 
= zmalloc(sizeof(*so
)); 
3059     if (!so
) oom("createSortOperation"); 
3061     so
->pattern 
= pattern
; 
3065 /* Return the value associated to the key with a name obtained 
3066  * substituting the first occurence of '*' in 'pattern' with 'subst' */ 
3067 robj 
*lookupKeyByPattern(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*pattern
, robj 
*subst
) { 
3071     int prefixlen
, sublen
, postfixlen
; 
3072     /* Expoit the internal sds representation to create a sds string allocated on the stack in order to make this function faster */ 
3076         char buf
[REDIS_SORTKEY_MAX
+1]; 
3079     spat 
= pattern
->ptr
; 
3081     if (sdslen(spat
)+sdslen(ssub
)-1 > REDIS_SORTKEY_MAX
) return NULL
; 
3082     p 
= strchr(spat
,'*'); 
3083     if (!p
) return NULL
; 
3086     sublen 
= sdslen(ssub
); 
3087     postfixlen 
= sdslen(spat
)-(prefixlen
+1); 
3088     memcpy(keyname
.buf
,spat
,prefixlen
); 
3089     memcpy(keyname
.buf
+prefixlen
,ssub
,sublen
); 
3090     memcpy(keyname
.buf
+prefixlen
+sublen
,p
+1,postfixlen
); 
3091     keyname
.buf
[prefixlen
+sublen
+postfixlen
] = '\0'; 
3092     keyname
.len 
= prefixlen
+sublen
+postfixlen
; 
3094     keyobj
.refcount 
= 1; 
3095     keyobj
.type 
= REDIS_STRING
; 
3096     keyobj
.ptr 
= ((char*)&keyname
)+(sizeof(long)*2); 
3098     /* printf("lookup '%s' => %p\n", keyname.buf,de); */ 
3099     return lookupKeyRead(db
,&keyobj
); 
3102 /* sortCompare() is used by qsort in sortCommand(). Given that qsort_r with 
3103  * the additional parameter is not standard but a BSD-specific we have to 
3104  * pass sorting parameters via the global 'server' structure */ 
3105 static int sortCompare(const void *s1
, const void *s2
) { 
3106     const redisSortObject 
*so1 
= s1
, *so2 
= s2
; 
3109     if (!server
.sort_alpha
) { 
3110         /* Numeric sorting. Here it's trivial as we precomputed scores */ 
3111         if (so1
->u
.score 
> so2
->u
.score
) { 
3113         } else if (so1
->u
.score 
< so2
->u
.score
) { 
3119         /* Alphanumeric sorting */ 
3120         if (server
.sort_bypattern
) { 
3121             if (!so1
->u
.cmpobj 
|| !so2
->u
.cmpobj
) { 
3122                 /* At least one compare object is NULL */ 
3123                 if (so1
->u
.cmpobj 
== so2
->u
.cmpobj
) 
3125                 else if (so1
->u
.cmpobj 
== NULL
) 
3130                 /* We have both the objects, use strcoll */ 
3131                 cmp 
= strcoll(so1
->u
.cmpobj
->ptr
,so2
->u
.cmpobj
->ptr
); 
3134             /* Compare elements directly */ 
3135             cmp 
= strcoll(so1
->obj
->ptr
,so2
->obj
->ptr
); 
3138     return server
.sort_desc 
? -cmp 
: cmp
; 
3141 /* The SORT command is the most complex command in Redis. Warning: this code 
3142  * is optimized for speed and a bit less for readability */ 
3143 static void sortCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3146     int desc 
= 0, alpha 
= 0; 
3147     int limit_start 
= 0, limit_count 
= -1, start
, end
; 
3148     int j
, dontsort 
= 0, vectorlen
; 
3149     int getop 
= 0; /* GET operation counter */ 
3150     robj 
*sortval
, *sortby 
= NULL
; 
3151     redisSortObject 
*vector
; /* Resulting vector to sort */ 
3153     /* Lookup the key to sort. It must be of the right types */ 
3154     sortval 
= lookupKeyRead(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1]); 
3155     if (sortval 
== NULL
) { 
3156         addReply(c
,shared
.nokeyerr
); 
3159     if (sortval
->type 
!= REDIS_SET 
&& sortval
->type 
!= REDIS_LIST
) { 
3160         addReply(c
,shared
.wrongtypeerr
); 
3164     /* Create a list of operations to perform for every sorted element. 
3165      * Operations can be GET/DEL/INCR/DECR */ 
3166     operations 
= listCreate(); 
3167     listSetFreeMethod(operations
,zfree
); 
3170     /* Now we need to protect sortval incrementing its count, in the future 
3171      * SORT may have options able to overwrite/delete keys during the sorting 
3172      * and the sorted key itself may get destroied */ 
3173     incrRefCount(sortval
); 
3175     /* The SORT command has an SQL-alike syntax, parse it */ 
3176     while(j 
< c
->argc
) { 
3177         int leftargs 
= c
->argc
-j
-1; 
3178         if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"asc")) { 
3180         } else if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"desc")) { 
3182         } else if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"alpha")) { 
3184         } else if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"limit") && leftargs 
>= 2) { 
3185             limit_start 
= atoi(c
->argv
[j
+1]->ptr
); 
3186             limit_count 
= atoi(c
->argv
[j
+2]->ptr
); 
3188         } else if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"by") && leftargs 
>= 1) { 
3189             sortby 
= c
->argv
[j
+1]; 
3190             /* If the BY pattern does not contain '*', i.e. it is constant, 
3191              * we don't need to sort nor to lookup the weight keys. */ 
3192             if (strchr(c
->argv
[j
+1]->ptr
,'*') == NULL
) dontsort 
= 1; 
3194         } else if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"get") && leftargs 
>= 1) { 
3195             listAddNodeTail(operations
,createSortOperation( 
3196                 REDIS_SORT_GET
,c
->argv
[j
+1])); 
3199         } else if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"del") && leftargs 
>= 1) { 
3200             listAddNodeTail(operations
,createSortOperation( 
3201                 REDIS_SORT_DEL
,c
->argv
[j
+1])); 
3203         } else if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"incr") && leftargs 
>= 1) { 
3204             listAddNodeTail(operations
,createSortOperation( 
3205                 REDIS_SORT_INCR
,c
->argv
[j
+1])); 
3207         } else if (!strcasecmp(c
->argv
[j
]->ptr
,"get") && leftargs 
>= 1) { 
3208             listAddNodeTail(operations
,createSortOperation( 
3209                 REDIS_SORT_DECR
,c
->argv
[j
+1])); 
3212             decrRefCount(sortval
); 
3213             listRelease(operations
); 
3214             addReply(c
,shared
.syntaxerr
); 
3220     /* Load the sorting vector with all the objects to sort */ 
3221     vectorlen 
= (sortval
->type 
== REDIS_LIST
) ? 
3222         listLength((list
*)sortval
->ptr
) : 
3223         dictSize((dict
*)sortval
->ptr
); 
3224     vector 
= zmalloc(sizeof(redisSortObject
)*vectorlen
); 
3225     if (!vector
) oom("allocating objects vector for SORT"); 
3227     if (sortval
->type 
== REDIS_LIST
) { 
3228         list 
*list 
= sortval
->ptr
; 
3232         while((ln 
= listYield(list
))) { 
3233             robj 
*ele 
= ln
->value
; 
3234             vector
[j
].obj 
= ele
; 
3235             vector
[j
].u
.score 
= 0; 
3236             vector
[j
].u
.cmpobj 
= NULL
; 
3240         dict 
*set 
= sortval
->ptr
; 
3244         di 
= dictGetIterator(set
); 
3245         if (!di
) oom("dictGetIterator"); 
3246         while((setele 
= dictNext(di
)) != NULL
) { 
3247             vector
[j
].obj 
= dictGetEntryKey(setele
); 
3248             vector
[j
].u
.score 
= 0; 
3249             vector
[j
].u
.cmpobj 
= NULL
; 
3252         dictReleaseIterator(di
); 
3254     assert(j 
== vectorlen
); 
3256     /* Now it's time to load the right scores in the sorting vector */ 
3257     if (dontsort 
== 0) { 
3258         for (j 
= 0; j 
< vectorlen
; j
++) { 
3262                 byval 
= lookupKeyByPattern(c
->db
,sortby
,vector
[j
].obj
); 
3263                 if (!byval 
|| byval
->type 
!= REDIS_STRING
) continue; 
3265                     vector
[j
].u
.cmpobj 
= byval
; 
3266                     incrRefCount(byval
); 
3268                     vector
[j
].u
.score 
= strtod(byval
->ptr
,NULL
); 
3271                 if (!alpha
) vector
[j
].u
.score 
= strtod(vector
[j
].obj
->ptr
,NULL
); 
3276     /* We are ready to sort the vector... perform a bit of sanity check 
3277      * on the LIMIT option too. We'll use a partial version of quicksort. */ 
3278     start 
= (limit_start 
< 0) ? 0 : limit_start
; 
3279     end 
= (limit_count 
< 0) ? vectorlen
-1 : start
+limit_count
-1; 
3280     if (start 
>= vectorlen
) { 
3281         start 
= vectorlen
-1; 
3284     if (end 
>= vectorlen
) end 
= vectorlen
-1; 
3286     if (dontsort 
== 0) { 
3287         server
.sort_desc 
= desc
; 
3288         server
.sort_alpha 
= alpha
; 
3289         server
.sort_bypattern 
= sortby 
? 1 : 0; 
3290         qsort(vector
,vectorlen
,sizeof(redisSortObject
),sortCompare
); 
3293     /* Send command output to the output buffer, performing the specified 
3294      * GET/DEL/INCR/DECR operations if any. */ 
3295     outputlen 
= getop 
? getop
*(end
-start
+1) : end
-start
+1; 
3296     addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"*%d\r\n",outputlen
)); 
3297     for (j 
= start
; j 
<= end
; j
++) { 
3300             addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n", 
3301                 sdslen(vector
[j
].obj
->ptr
))); 
3302             addReply(c
,vector
[j
].obj
); 
3303             addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
3305         listRewind(operations
); 
3306         while((ln 
= listYield(operations
))) { 
3307             redisSortOperation 
*sop 
= ln
->value
; 
3308             robj 
*val 
= lookupKeyByPattern(c
->db
,sop
->pattern
, 
3311             if (sop
->type 
== REDIS_SORT_GET
) { 
3312                 if (!val 
|| val
->type 
!= REDIS_STRING
) { 
3313                     addReply(c
,shared
.nullbulk
); 
3315                     addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n", 
3318                     addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
3320             } else if (sop
->type 
== REDIS_SORT_DEL
) { 
3327     decrRefCount(sortval
); 
3328     listRelease(operations
); 
3329     for (j 
= 0; j 
< vectorlen
; j
++) { 
3330         if (sortby 
&& alpha 
&& vector
[j
].u
.cmpobj
) 
3331             decrRefCount(vector
[j
].u
.cmpobj
); 
3336 static void infoCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3338     time_t uptime 
= time(NULL
)-server
.stat_starttime
; 
3340     info 
= sdscatprintf(sdsempty(), 
3341         "redis_version:%s\r\n" 
3342         "connected_clients:%d\r\n" 
3343         "connected_slaves:%d\r\n" 
3344         "used_memory:%zu\r\n" 
3345         "changes_since_last_save:%lld\r\n" 
3346         "last_save_time:%d\r\n" 
3347         "total_connections_received:%lld\r\n" 
3348         "total_commands_processed:%lld\r\n" 
3349         "uptime_in_seconds:%d\r\n" 
3350         "uptime_in_days:%d\r\n" 
3352         listLength(server
.clients
)-listLength(server
.slaves
), 
3353         listLength(server
.slaves
), 
3357         server
.stat_numconnections
, 
3358         server
.stat_numcommands
, 
3362     addReplySds(c
,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%d\r\n",sdslen(info
))); 
3363     addReplySds(c
,info
); 
3364     addReply(c
,shared
.crlf
); 
3367 static void monitorCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3368     /* ignore MONITOR if aleady slave or in monitor mode */ 
3369     if (c
->flags 
& REDIS_SLAVE
) return; 
3371     c
->flags 
|= (REDIS_SLAVE
|REDIS_MONITOR
); 
3373     if (!listAddNodeTail(server
.monitors
,c
)) oom("listAddNodeTail"); 
3374     addReply(c
,shared
.ok
); 
3377 /* ================================= Expire ================================= */ 
3378 static int removeExpire(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
) { 
3379     if (dictDelete(db
->expires
,key
) == DICT_OK
) { 
3386 static int setExpire(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
, time_t when
) { 
3387     if (dictAdd(db
->expires
,key
,(void*)when
) == DICT_ERR
) { 
3395 /* Return the expire time of the specified key, or -1 if no expire 
3396  * is associated with this key (i.e. the key is non volatile) */ 
3397 static time_t getExpire(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
) { 
3400     /* No expire? return ASAP */ 
3401     if (dictSize(db
->expires
) == 0 || 
3402        (de 
= dictFind(db
->expires
,key
)) == NULL
) return -1; 
3404     return (time_t) dictGetEntryVal(de
); 
3407 static int expireIfNeeded(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
) { 
3411     /* No expire? return ASAP */ 
3412     if (dictSize(db
->expires
) == 0 || 
3413        (de 
= dictFind(db
->expires
,key
)) == NULL
) return 0; 
3415     /* Lookup the expire */ 
3416     when 
= (time_t) dictGetEntryVal(de
); 
3417     if (time(NULL
) <= when
) return 0; 
3419     /* Delete the key */ 
3420     dictDelete(db
->expires
,key
); 
3421     return dictDelete(db
->dict
,key
) == DICT_OK
; 
3424 static int deleteIfVolatile(redisDb 
*db
, robj 
*key
) { 
3427     /* No expire? return ASAP */ 
3428     if (dictSize(db
->expires
) == 0 || 
3429        (de 
= dictFind(db
->expires
,key
)) == NULL
) return 0; 
3431     /* Delete the key */ 
3433     dictDelete(db
->expires
,key
); 
3434     return dictDelete(db
->dict
,key
) == DICT_OK
; 
3437 static void expireCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3439     int seconds 
= atoi(c
->argv
[2]->ptr
); 
3441     de 
= dictFind(c
->db
->dict
,c
->argv
[1]); 
3443         addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
3447         addReply(c
, shared
.czero
); 
3450         time_t when 
= time(NULL
)+seconds
; 
3451         if (setExpire(c
->db
,c
->argv
[1],when
)) 
3452             addReply(c
,shared
.cone
); 
3454             addReply(c
,shared
.czero
); 
3459 /* =============================== Replication  ============================= */ 
3461 static int syncWrite(int fd
, char *ptr
, ssize_t size
, int timeout
) { 
3462     ssize_t nwritten
, ret 
= size
; 
3463     time_t start 
= time(NULL
); 
3467         if (aeWait(fd
,AE_WRITABLE
,1000) & AE_WRITABLE
) { 
3468             nwritten 
= write(fd
,ptr
,size
); 
3469             if (nwritten 
== -1) return -1; 
3473         if ((time(NULL
)-start
) > timeout
) { 
3481 static int syncRead(int fd
, char *ptr
, ssize_t size
, int timeout
) { 
3482     ssize_t nread
, totread 
= 0; 
3483     time_t start 
= time(NULL
); 
3487         if (aeWait(fd
,AE_READABLE
,1000) & AE_READABLE
) { 
3488             nread 
= read(fd
,ptr
,size
); 
3489             if (nread 
== -1) return -1; 
3494         if ((time(NULL
)-start
) > timeout
) { 
3502 static int syncReadLine(int fd
, char *ptr
, ssize_t size
, int timeout
) { 
3509         if (syncRead(fd
,&c
,1,timeout
) == -1) return -1; 
3512             if (nread 
&& *(ptr
-1) == '\r') *(ptr
-1) = '\0'; 
3523 static void syncCommand(redisClient 
*c
) { 
3524     /* ignore SYNC if aleady slave or in monitor mode */ 
3525     if (c
->flags 
& REDIS_SLAVE
) return; 
3527     /* SYNC can't be issued when the server has pending data to send to 
3528      * the client about already issued commands. We need a fresh reply 
3529      * buffer registering the differences between the BGSAVE and the current 
3530      * dataset, so that we can copy to other slaves if needed. */ 
3531     if (listLength(c
->reply
) != 0) { 
3532         addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR SYNC is invalid with pending input\r\n")); 
3536     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Slave ask for synchronization"); 
3537     /* Here we need to check if there is a background saving operation 
3538      * in progress, or if it is required to start one */ 
3539     if (server
.bgsaveinprogress
) { 
3540         /* Ok a background save is in progress. Let's check if it is a good 
3541          * one for replication, i.e. if there is another slave that is 
3542          * registering differences since the server forked to save */ 
3546         listRewind(server
.slaves
); 
3547         while((ln 
= listYield(server
.slaves
))) { 
3549             if (slave
->replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END
) break; 
3552             /* Perfect, the server is already registering differences for 
3553              * another slave. Set the right state, and copy the buffer. */ 
3554             listRelease(c
->reply
); 
3555             c
->reply 
= listDup(slave
->reply
); 
3556             if (!c
->reply
) oom("listDup copying slave reply list"); 
3557             c
->replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END
; 
3558             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Waiting for end of BGSAVE for SYNC"); 
3560             /* No way, we need to wait for the next BGSAVE in order to 
3561              * register differences */ 
3562             c
->replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START
; 
3563             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Waiting for next BGSAVE for SYNC"); 
3566         /* Ok we don't have a BGSAVE in progress, let's start one */ 
3567         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Starting BGSAVE for SYNC"); 
3568         if (rdbSaveBackground(server
.dbfilename
) != REDIS_OK
) { 
3569             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Replication failed, can't BGSAVE"); 
3570             addReplySds(c
,sdsnew("-ERR Unalbe to perform background save\r\n")); 
3573         c
->replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END
; 
3576     c
->flags 
|= REDIS_SLAVE
; 
3578     if (!listAddNodeTail(server
.slaves
,c
)) oom("listAddNodeTail"); 
3582 static void sendBulkToSlave(aeEventLoop 
*el
, int fd
, void *privdata
, int mask
) { 
3583     redisClient 
*slave 
= privdata
; 
3585     REDIS_NOTUSED(mask
); 
3586     char buf
[REDIS_IOBUF_LEN
]; 
3587     ssize_t nwritten
, buflen
; 
3589     if (slave
->repldboff 
== 0) { 
3590         /* Write the bulk write count before to transfer the DB. In theory here 
3591          * we don't know how much room there is in the output buffer of the 
3592          * socket, but in pratice SO_SNDLOWAT (the minimum count for output 
3593          * operations) will never be smaller than the few bytes we need. */ 
3596         bulkcount 
= sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%lld\r\n",(unsigned long long) 
3598         if (write(fd
,bulkcount
,sdslen(bulkcount
)) != (signed)sdslen(bulkcount
)) 
3606     lseek(slave
->repldbfd
,slave
->repldboff
,SEEK_SET
); 
3607     buflen 
= read(slave
->repldbfd
,buf
,REDIS_IOBUF_LEN
); 
3609         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Read error sending DB to slave: %s", 
3610             (buflen 
== 0) ? "premature EOF" : strerror(errno
)); 
3614     if ((nwritten 
= write(fd
,buf
,buflen
)) == -1) { 
3615         redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG
,"Write error sending DB to slave: %s", 
3620     slave
->repldboff 
+= nwritten
; 
3621     if (slave
->repldboff 
== slave
->repldbsize
) { 
3622         close(slave
->repldbfd
); 
3623         slave
->repldbfd 
= -1; 
3624         aeDeleteFileEvent(server
.el
,slave
->fd
,AE_WRITABLE
); 
3625         slave
->replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_ONLINE
; 
3626         if (aeCreateFileEvent(server
.el
, slave
->fd
, AE_WRITABLE
, 
3627             sendReplyToClient
, slave
, NULL
) == AE_ERR
) { 
3631         addReplySds(slave
,sdsempty()); 
3632         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Synchronization with slave succeeded"); 
3636 static void updateSalvesWaitingBgsave(int bgsaveerr
) { 
3638     int startbgsave 
= 0; 
3640     listRewind(server
.slaves
); 
3641     while((ln 
= listYield(server
.slaves
))) { 
3642         redisClient 
*slave 
= ln
->value
; 
3644         if (slave
->replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START
) { 
3646             slave
->replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END
; 
3647         } else if (slave
->replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END
) { 
3650             if (bgsaveerr 
!= REDIS_OK
) { 
3652                 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"SYNC failed. BGSAVE child returned an error"); 
3655             if ((slave
->repldbfd 
= open(server
.dbfilename
,O_RDONLY
)) == -1 || 
3656                 fstat(slave
->repldbfd
,&buf
) == -1) { 
3658                 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"SYNC failed. Can't open/stat DB after BGSAVE: %s", strerror(errno
)); 
3661             slave
->repldboff 
= 0; 
3662             slave
->repldbsize 
= buf
.st_size
; 
3663             slave
->replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_SEND_BULK
; 
3664             aeDeleteFileEvent(server
.el
,slave
->fd
,AE_WRITABLE
); 
3665             if (aeCreateFileEvent(server
.el
, slave
->fd
, AE_WRITABLE
, sendBulkToSlave
, slave
, NULL
) == AE_ERR
) { 
3672         if (rdbSaveBackground(server
.dbfilename
) != REDIS_OK
) { 
3673             listRewind(server
.slaves
); 
3674             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"SYNC failed. BGSAVE failed"); 
3675             while((ln 
= listYield(server
.slaves
))) { 
3676                 redisClient 
*slave 
= ln
->value
; 
3678                 if (slave
->replstate 
== REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START
) 
3685 static int syncWithMaster(void) { 
3686     char buf
[1024], tmpfile
[256]; 
3688     int fd 
= anetTcpConnect(NULL
,server
.masterhost
,server
.masterport
); 
3692         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Unable to connect to MASTER: %s", 
3696     /* Issue the SYNC command */ 
3697     if (syncWrite(fd
,"SYNC \r\n",7,5) == -1) { 
3699         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"I/O error writing to MASTER: %s", 
3703     /* Read the bulk write count */ 
3704     if (syncReadLine(fd
,buf
,1024,5) == -1) { 
3706         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"I/O error reading bulk count from MASTER: %s", 
3710     dumpsize 
= atoi(buf
+1); 
3711     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Receiving %d bytes data dump from MASTER",dumpsize
); 
3712     /* Read the bulk write data on a temp file */ 
3713     snprintf(tmpfile
,256,"temp-%d.%ld.rdb",(int)time(NULL
),(long int)random()); 
3714     dfd 
= open(tmpfile
,O_CREAT
|O_WRONLY
,0644); 
3717         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Opening the temp file needed for MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s",strerror(errno
)); 
3721         int nread
, nwritten
; 
3723         nread 
= read(fd
,buf
,(dumpsize 
< 1024)?dumpsize
:1024); 
3725             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"I/O error trying to sync with MASTER: %s", 
3731         nwritten 
= write(dfd
,buf
,nread
); 
3732         if (nwritten 
== -1) { 
3733             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Write error writing to the DB dump file needed for MASTER <-> SLAVE synchrnonization: %s", strerror(errno
)); 
3741     if (rename(tmpfile
,server
.dbfilename
) == -1) { 
3742         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Failed trying to rename the temp DB into dump.rdb in MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s", strerror(errno
)); 
3748     if (rdbLoad(server
.dbfilename
) != REDIS_OK
) { 
3749         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING
,"Failed trying to load the MASTER synchronization DB from disk"); 
3753     server
.master 
= createClient(fd
); 
3754     server
.master
->flags 
|= REDIS_MASTER
; 
3755     server
.replstate 
= REDIS_REPL_CONNECTED
; 
3759 /* =================================== Main! ================================ */ 
3761 static void daemonize(void) { 
3765     if (fork() != 0) exit(0); /* parent exits */ 
3766     setsid(); /* create a new session */ 
3768     /* Every output goes to /dev/null. If Redis is daemonized but 
3769      * the 'logfile' is set to 'stdout' in the configuration file 
3770      * it will not log at all. */ 
3771     if ((fd 
= open("/dev/null", O_RDWR
, 0)) != -1) { 
3772         dup2(fd
, STDIN_FILENO
); 
3773         dup2(fd
, STDOUT_FILENO
); 
3774         dup2(fd
, STDERR_FILENO
); 
3775         if (fd 
> STDERR_FILENO
) close(fd
); 
3777     /* Try to write the pid file */ 
3778     fp 
= fopen(server
.pidfile
,"w"); 
3780         fprintf(fp
,"%d\n",getpid()); 
3785 int main(int argc
, char **argv
) { 
3788         ResetServerSaveParams(); 
3789         loadServerConfig(argv
[1]); 
3790     } else if (argc 
> 2) { 
3791         fprintf(stderr
,"Usage: ./redis-server [/path/to/redis.conf]\n"); 
3795     if (server
.daemonize
) daemonize(); 
3796     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"Server started, Redis version " REDIS_VERSION
); 
3797     if (rdbLoad(server
.dbfilename
) == REDIS_OK
) 
3798         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"DB loaded from disk"); 
3799     if (aeCreateFileEvent(server
.el
, server
.fd
, AE_READABLE
, 
3800         acceptHandler
, NULL
, NULL
) == AE_ERR
) oom("creating file event"); 
3801     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE
,"The server is now ready to accept connections on port %d", server
.port
); 
3803     aeDeleteEventLoop(server
.el
);