Better installation info inside README file.

[redis.git] / src / scripting.c

#include "redis.h"
#include "sha1.h"
#include "rand.h"

#include <lua.h>
#include <lauxlib.h>
#include <lualib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>

char *redisProtocolToLuaType_Int(lua_State *lua, char *reply);
char *redisProtocolToLuaType_Bulk(lua_State *lua, char *reply);
char *redisProtocolToLuaType_Status(lua_State *lua, char *reply);
char *redisProtocolToLuaType_Error(lua_State *lua, char *reply);
char *redisProtocolToLuaType_MultiBulk(lua_State *lua, char *reply);
int redis_math_random (lua_State *L);
int redis_math_randomseed (lua_State *L);

/* Take a Redis reply in the Redis protocol format and convert it into a
 * Lua type. Thanks to this function, and the introduction of not connected
 * clients, it is trvial to implement the redis() lua function.
 *
 * Basically we take the arguments, execute the Redis command in the context
 * of a non connected client, then take the generated reply and convert it
 * into a suitable Lua type. With this trick the scripting feature does not
 * need the introduction of a full Redis internals API. Basically the script
 * is like a normal client that bypasses all the slow I/O paths.
 *
 * Note: in this function we do not do any sanity check as the reply is
 * generated by Redis directly. This allows use to go faster.
 * The reply string can be altered during the parsing as it is discared
 * after the conversion is completed.
 *
 * Errors are returned as a table with a single 'err' field set to the
 * error string.
 */

char *redisProtocolToLuaType(lua_State *lua, char* reply) {
    char *p = reply;

    switch(*p) {
    case ':':
        p = redisProtocolToLuaType_Int(lua,reply);
        break;
    case '$':
        p = redisProtocolToLuaType_Bulk(lua,reply);
        break;
    case '+':
        p = redisProtocolToLuaType_Status(lua,reply);
        break;
    case '-':
        p = redisProtocolToLuaType_Error(lua,reply);
        break;
    case '*':
        p = redisProtocolToLuaType_MultiBulk(lua,reply);
        break;
    }
    return p;
}

char *redisProtocolToLuaType_Int(lua_State *lua, char *reply) {
    char *p = strchr(reply+1,'\r');
    long long value;

    string2ll(reply+1,p-reply-1,&value);
    lua_pushnumber(lua,(lua_Number)value);
    return p+2;
}

char *redisProtocolToLuaType_Bulk(lua_State *lua, char *reply) {
    char *p = strchr(reply+1,'\r');
    long long bulklen;

    string2ll(reply+1,p-reply-1,&bulklen);
    if (bulklen == -1) {
        lua_pushboolean(lua,0);
        return p+2;
    } else {
        lua_pushlstring(lua,p+2,bulklen);
        return p+2+bulklen+2;
    }
}

char *redisProtocolToLuaType_Status(lua_State *lua, char *reply) {
    char *p = strchr(reply+1,'\r');

    lua_newtable(lua);
    lua_pushstring(lua,"ok");
    lua_pushlstring(lua,reply+1,p-reply-1);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);
    return p+2;
}

char *redisProtocolToLuaType_Error(lua_State *lua, char *reply) {
    char *p = strchr(reply+1,'\r');

    lua_newtable(lua);
    lua_pushstring(lua,"err");
    lua_pushlstring(lua,reply+1,p-reply-1);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);
    return p+2;
}

char *redisProtocolToLuaType_MultiBulk(lua_State *lua, char *reply) {
    char *p = strchr(reply+1,'\r');
    long long mbulklen;
    int j = 0;

    string2ll(reply+1,p-reply-1,&mbulklen);
    p += 2;
    if (mbulklen == -1) {
        lua_pushboolean(lua,0);
        return p;
    }
    lua_newtable(lua);
    for (j = 0; j < mbulklen; j++) {
        lua_pushnumber(lua,j+1);
        p = redisProtocolToLuaType(lua,p);
        lua_settable(lua,-3);
    }
    return p;
}

void luaPushError(lua_State *lua, char *error) {
    lua_newtable(lua);
    lua_pushstring(lua,"err");
    lua_pushstring(lua, error);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);
}

int luaRedisGenericCommand(lua_State *lua, int raise_error) {
    int j, argc = lua_gettop(lua);
    struct redisCommand *cmd;
    robj **argv;
    redisClient *c = server.lua_client;
    sds reply;

    /* Build the arguments vector */
    argv = zmalloc(sizeof(robj*)*argc);
    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
        if (!lua_isstring(lua,j+1)) break;
        argv[j] = createStringObject((char*)lua_tostring(lua,j+1),
                                     lua_strlen(lua,j+1));
    }
    
    /* Check if one of the arguments passed by the Lua script
     * is not a string or an integer (lua_isstring() return true for
     * integers as well). */
    if (j != argc) {
        j--;
        while (j >= 0) {
            decrRefCount(argv[j]);
            j--;
        }
        zfree(argv);
        luaPushError(lua,
            "Lua redis() command arguments must be strings or integers");
        return 1;
    }

    /* Setup our fake client for command execution */
    c->argv = argv;
    c->argc = argc;

    /* Command lookup */
    cmd = lookupCommand(argv[0]->ptr);
    if (!cmd || ((cmd->arity > 0 && cmd->arity != argc) ||
                   (argc < -cmd->arity)))
    {
        if (cmd)
            luaPushError(lua,
                "Wrong number of args calling Redis command From Lua script");
        else
            luaPushError(lua,"Unknown Redis command called from Lua script");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_NOSCRIPT) {
        luaPushError(lua, "This Redis command is not allowed from scripts");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_WRITE && server.lua_random_dirty) {
        luaPushError(lua,
            "Write commands not allowed after non deterministic commands");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_RANDOM) server.lua_random_dirty = 1;

    /* Run the command */
    cmd->proc(c);

    /* Convert the result of the Redis command into a suitable Lua type.
     * The first thing we need is to create a single string from the client
     * output buffers. */
    reply = sdsempty();
    if (c->bufpos) {
        reply = sdscatlen(reply,c->buf,c->bufpos);
        c->bufpos = 0;
    }
    while(listLength(c->reply)) {
        robj *o = listNodeValue(listFirst(c->reply));

        reply = sdscatlen(reply,o->ptr,sdslen(o->ptr));
        listDelNode(c->reply,listFirst(c->reply));
    }
    if (raise_error && reply[0] != '-') raise_error = 0;
    redisProtocolToLuaType(lua,reply);
    sdsfree(reply);

cleanup:
    /* Clean up. Command code may have changed argv/argc so we use the
     * argv/argc of the client instead of the local variables. */
    for (j = 0; j < c->argc; j++)
        decrRefCount(c->argv[j]);
    zfree(c->argv);

    if (raise_error) {
        /* If we are here we should have an error in the stack, in the
         * form of a table with an "err" field. Extract the string to
         * return the plain error. */
        lua_pushstring(lua,"err");
        lua_gettable(lua,-2);
        return lua_error(lua);
    }
    return 1;
}

int luaRedisCallCommand(lua_State *lua) {
    return luaRedisGenericCommand(lua,1);
}

int luaRedisPCallCommand(lua_State *lua) {
    return luaRedisGenericCommand(lua,0);
}

int luaLogCommand(lua_State *lua) {
    int j, argc = lua_gettop(lua);
    int level;
    sds log;

    if (argc < 2) {
        luaPushError(lua, "redis.log() requires two arguments or more.");
        return 1;
    } else if (!lua_isnumber(lua,-argc)) {
        luaPushError(lua, "First argument must be a number (log level).");
        return 1;
    }
    level = lua_tonumber(lua,-argc);
    if (level < REDIS_DEBUG || level > REDIS_WARNING) {
        luaPushError(lua, "Invalid debug level.");
        return 1;
    }

    /* Glue together all the arguments */
    log = sdsempty();
    for (j = 1; j < argc; j++) {
        size_t len;
        char *s;

        s = (char*)lua_tolstring(lua,(-argc)+j,&len);
        if (s) {
            if (j != 1) log = sdscatlen(log," ",1);
            log = sdscatlen(log,s,len);
        }
    }
    redisLogRaw(level,log);
    sdsfree(log);
    return 0;
}

void luaMaskCountHook(lua_State *lua, lua_Debug *ar) {
    long long elapsed;
    REDIS_NOTUSED(ar);

    elapsed = (ustime()/1000) - server.lua_time_start;
    if (elapsed >= server.lua_time_limit) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Lua script aborted for max execution time after %lld milliseconds of running time.",elapsed);
        lua_pushstring(lua,"Script aborted for max execution time.");
        lua_error(lua);
    }
}

void luaLoadLib(lua_State *lua, const char *libname, lua_CFunction luafunc) {
  lua_pushcfunction(lua, luafunc);
  lua_pushstring(lua, libname);
  lua_call(lua, 1, 0);
}

LUALIB_API int (luaopen_cjson) (lua_State *L);

void luaLoadLibraries(lua_State *lua) {
    luaLoadLib(lua, "", luaopen_base);
    luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table);
    luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string);
    luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math);
    luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug); 
    luaLoadLib(lua, "cjson", luaopen_cjson); 

#if 0 /* Stuff that we don't load currently, for sandboxing concerns. */
    luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package);
    luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os);
#endif
}

void scriptingInit(void) {
    lua_State *lua = lua_open();
    luaLoadLibraries(lua);

    /* Initialize a dictionary we use to map SHAs to scripts.
     * This is useful for replication, as we need to replicate EVALSHA
     * as EVAL, so we need to remember the associated script. */
    server.lua_scripts = dictCreate(&dbDictType,NULL);

    /* Register the redis commands table and fields */
    lua_newtable(lua);

    /* redis.call */
    lua_pushstring(lua,"call");
    lua_pushcfunction(lua,luaRedisCallCommand);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    /* redis.pcall */
    lua_pushstring(lua,"pcall");
    lua_pushcfunction(lua,luaRedisPCallCommand);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    /* redis.log and log levels. */
    lua_pushstring(lua,"log");
    lua_pushcfunction(lua,luaLogCommand);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    lua_pushstring(lua,"LOG_DEBUG");
    lua_pushnumber(lua,REDIS_DEBUG);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    lua_pushstring(lua,"LOG_VERBOSE");
    lua_pushnumber(lua,REDIS_VERBOSE);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    lua_pushstring(lua,"LOG_NOTICE");
    lua_pushnumber(lua,REDIS_NOTICE);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    lua_pushstring(lua,"LOG_WARNING");
    lua_pushnumber(lua,REDIS_WARNING);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    /* Finally set the table as 'redis' global var. */
    lua_setglobal(lua,"redis");

    /* Replace math.random and math.randomseed with our implementations. */
    lua_getglobal(lua,"math");

    lua_pushstring(lua,"random");
    lua_pushcfunction(lua,redis_math_random);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    lua_pushstring(lua,"randomseed");
    lua_pushcfunction(lua,redis_math_randomseed);
    lua_settable(lua,-3);

    lua_setglobal(lua,"math");

    /* Create the (non connected) client that we use to execute Redis commands
     * inside the Lua interpreter */
    server.lua_client = createClient(-1);
    server.lua_client->flags |= REDIS_LUA_CLIENT;

    server.lua = lua;
}

/* Hash the scripit into a SHA1 digest. We use this as Lua function name.
 * Digest should point to a 41 bytes buffer: 40 for SHA1 converted into an
 * hexadecimal number, plus 1 byte for null term. */
void hashScript(char *digest, char *script, size_t len) {
    SHA1_CTX ctx;
    unsigned char hash[20];
    char *cset = "0123456789abcdef";
    int j;

    SHA1Init(&ctx);
    SHA1Update(&ctx,(unsigned char*)script,len);
    SHA1Final(hash,&ctx);

    for (j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
        digest[j*2] = cset[((hash[j]&0xF0)>>4)];
        digest[j*2+1] = cset[(hash[j]&0xF)];
    }
    digest[40] = '\0';
}

void luaReplyToRedisReply(redisClient *c, lua_State *lua) {
    int t = lua_type(lua,-1);

    switch(t) {
    case LUA_TSTRING:
        addReplyBulkCBuffer(c,(char*)lua_tostring(lua,-1),lua_strlen(lua,-1));
        break;
    case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
        addReply(c,lua_toboolean(lua,-1) ? shared.cone : shared.nullbulk);
        break;
    case LUA_TNUMBER:
        addReplyLongLong(c,(long long)lua_tonumber(lua,-1));
        break;
    case LUA_TTABLE:
        /* We need to check if it is an array, an error, or a status reply.
         * Error are returned as a single element table with 'err' field.
         * Status replies are returned as single elment table with 'ok' field */
        lua_pushstring(lua,"err");
        lua_gettable(lua,-2);
        t = lua_type(lua,-1);
        if (t == LUA_TSTRING) {
            sds err = sdsnew(lua_tostring(lua,-1));
            sdsmapchars(err,"\r\n","  ",2);
            addReplySds(c,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"-%s\r\n",err));
            sdsfree(err);
            lua_pop(lua,2);
            return;
        }

        lua_pop(lua,1);
        lua_pushstring(lua,"ok");
        lua_gettable(lua,-2);
        t = lua_type(lua,-1);
        if (t == LUA_TSTRING) {
            sds ok = sdsnew(lua_tostring(lua,-1));
            sdsmapchars(ok,"\r\n","  ",2);
            addReplySds(c,sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"+%s\r\n",ok));
            sdsfree(ok);
            lua_pop(lua,1);
        } else {
            void *replylen = addDeferredMultiBulkLength(c);
            int j = 1, mbulklen = 0;

            lua_pop(lua,1); /* Discard the 'ok' field value we popped */
            while(1) {
                lua_pushnumber(lua,j++);
                lua_gettable(lua,-2);
                t = lua_type(lua,-1);
                if (t == LUA_TNIL) {
                    lua_pop(lua,1);
                    break;
                }
                luaReplyToRedisReply(c, lua);
                mbulklen++;
            }
            setDeferredMultiBulkLength(c,replylen,mbulklen);
        }
        break;
    default:
        addReply(c,shared.nullbulk);
    }
    lua_pop(lua,1);
}

/* Set an array of Redis String Objects as a Lua array (table) stored into a
 * global variable. */
void luaSetGlobalArray(lua_State *lua, char *var, robj **elev, int elec) {
    int j;

    lua_newtable(lua);
    for (j = 0; j < elec; j++) {
        lua_pushlstring(lua,(char*)elev[j]->ptr,sdslen(elev[j]->ptr));
        lua_rawseti(lua,-2,j+1);
    }
    lua_setglobal(lua,var);
}

void evalGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int evalsha) {
    lua_State *lua = server.lua;
    char funcname[43];
    long long numkeys;

    /* We want the same PRNG sequence at every call so that our PRNG is
     * not affected by external state. */
    redisSrand48(0);

    /* We set this flag to zero to remember that so far no random command
     * was called. This way we can allow the user to call commands like
     * SRANDMEMBER or RANDOMKEY from Lua scripts as far as no write command
     * is called (otherwise the replication and AOF would end with non
     * deterministic sequences).
     *
     * Thanks to this flag we'll raise an error every time a write command
     * is called after a random command was used. */
    server.lua_random_dirty = 0;

    /* Get the number of arguments that are keys */
    if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[2],&numkeys,NULL) != REDIS_OK)
        return;
    if (numkeys > (c->argc - 3)) {
        addReplyError(c,"Number of keys can't be greater than number of args");
        return;
    }

    /* We obtain the script SHA1, then check if this function is already
     * defined into the Lua state */
    funcname[0] = 'f';
    funcname[1] = '_';
    if (!evalsha) {
        /* Hash the code if this is an EVAL call */
        hashScript(funcname+2,c->argv[1]->ptr,sdslen(c->argv[1]->ptr));
    } else {
        /* We already have the SHA if it is a EVALSHA */
        int j;
        char *sha = c->argv[1]->ptr;

        for (j = 0; j < 40; j++)
            funcname[j+2] = tolower(sha[j]);
        funcname[42] = '\0';
    }

    lua_getglobal(lua, funcname);
    if (lua_isnil(lua,1)) {
        sds funcdef;
      
        /* Function not defined... let's define it if we have the
         * body of the funciton. If this is an EVALSHA call we can just
         * return an error. */
        if (evalsha) {
            addReply(c, shared.noscripterr);
            lua_pop(lua,1); /* remove the nil from the stack */
            return;
        }
        funcdef = sdsempty();

        lua_pop(lua,1); /* remove the nil from the stack */
        funcdef = sdscat(funcdef,"function ");
        funcdef = sdscatlen(funcdef,funcname,42);
        funcdef = sdscatlen(funcdef," ()\n",4);
        funcdef = sdscatlen(funcdef,c->argv[1]->ptr,sdslen(c->argv[1]->ptr));
        funcdef = sdscatlen(funcdef,"\nend\n",5);
        /* printf("Defining:\n%s\n",funcdef); */

        if (luaL_loadbuffer(lua,funcdef,sdslen(funcdef),"func definition")) {
            addReplyErrorFormat(c,"Error compiling script (new function): %s\n",
                lua_tostring(lua,-1));
            lua_pop(lua,1);
            sdsfree(funcdef);
            return;
        }
        sdsfree(funcdef);
        if (lua_pcall(lua,0,0,0)) {
            addReplyErrorFormat(c,"Error running script (new function): %s\n",
                lua_tostring(lua,-1));
            lua_pop(lua,1);
            return;
        }
        lua_getglobal(lua, funcname);

        /* We also save a SHA1 -> Original script map in a dictionary
         * so that we can replicate / write in the AOF all the
         * EVALSHA commands as EVAL using the original script. */
        {
            int retval = dictAdd(server.lua_scripts,
                                 sdsnewlen(funcname+2,40),c->argv[1]);
            redisAssertWithInfo(c,NULL,retval == DICT_OK);
            incrRefCount(c->argv[1]);
        }
    }

    /* Populate the argv and keys table accordingly to the arguments that
     * EVAL received. */
    luaSetGlobalArray(lua,"KEYS",c->argv+3,numkeys);
    luaSetGlobalArray(lua,"ARGV",c->argv+3+numkeys,c->argc-3-numkeys);

    /* Select the right DB in the context of the Lua client */
    selectDb(server.lua_client,c->db->id);
    
    /* Set an hook in order to be able to stop the script execution if it
     * is running for too much time.
     * We set the hook only if the time limit is enabled as the hook will
     * make the Lua script execution slower. */
    if (server.lua_time_limit > 0) {
        lua_sethook(lua,luaMaskCountHook,LUA_MASKCOUNT,100000);
        server.lua_time_start = ustime()/1000;
    } else {
        lua_sethook(lua,luaMaskCountHook,0,0);
    }

    /* At this point whatever this script was never seen before or if it was
     * already defined, we can call it. We have zero arguments and expect
     * a single return value. */
    if (lua_pcall(lua,0,1,0)) {
        selectDb(c,server.lua_client->db->id); /* set DB ID from Lua client */
        addReplyErrorFormat(c,"Error running script (call to %s): %s\n",
            funcname, lua_tostring(lua,-1));
        lua_pop(lua,1);
        lua_gc(lua,LUA_GCCOLLECT,0);
        return;
    }
    selectDb(c,server.lua_client->db->id); /* set DB ID from Lua client */
    luaReplyToRedisReply(c,lua);
    lua_gc(lua,LUA_GCSTEP,1);

    /* If we have slaves attached we want to replicate this command as
     * EVAL instead of EVALSHA. We do this also in the AOF as currently there
     * is no easy way to propagate a command in a different way in the AOF
     * and in the replication link.
     *
     * IMPROVEMENT POSSIBLE:
     * 1) Replicate this command as EVALSHA in the AOF.
     * 2) Remember what slave already received a given script, and replicate
     *    the EVALSHA against this slaves when possible.
     */
    if (evalsha) {
        robj *script = dictFetchValue(server.lua_scripts,c->argv[1]->ptr);

        redisAssertWithInfo(c,NULL,script != NULL);
        rewriteClientCommandArgument(c,0,
            resetRefCount(createStringObject("EVAL",4)));
        rewriteClientCommandArgument(c,1,script);
    }
}

void evalCommand(redisClient *c) {
    evalGenericCommand(c,0);
}

void evalShaCommand(redisClient *c) {
    if (sdslen(c->argv[1]->ptr) != 40) {
        /* We know that a match is not possible if the provided SHA is
         * not the right length. So we return an error ASAP, this way
         * evalGenericCommand() can be implemented without string length
         * sanity check */
        addReply(c, shared.noscripterr);
        return;
    }
    evalGenericCommand(c,1);
}

/* We replace math.random() with our implementation that is not affected
 * by specific libc random() implementations and will output the same sequence
 * (for the same seed) in every arch. */

/* The following implementation is the one shipped with Lua itself but with
 * rand() replaced by redisLrand48(). */
int redis_math_random (lua_State *L) {
  /* the `%' avoids the (rare) case of r==1, and is needed also because on
     some systems (SunOS!) `rand()' may return a value larger than RAND_MAX */
  lua_Number r = (lua_Number)(redisLrand48()%REDIS_LRAND48_MAX) /
                                (lua_Number)REDIS_LRAND48_MAX;
  switch (lua_gettop(L)) {  /* check number of arguments */
    case 0: {  /* no arguments */
      lua_pushnumber(L, r);  /* Number between 0 and 1 */
      break;
    }
    case 1: {  /* only upper limit */
      int u = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
      luaL_argcheck(L, 1<=u, 1, "interval is empty");
      lua_pushnumber(L, floor(r*u)+1);  /* int between 1 and `u' */
      break;
    }
    case 2: {  /* lower and upper limits */
      int l = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
      int u = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
      luaL_argcheck(L, l<=u, 2, "interval is empty");
      lua_pushnumber(L, floor(r*(u-l+1))+l);  /* int between `l' and `u' */
      break;
    }
    default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments");
  }
  return 1;
}

int redis_math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {
  redisSrand48(luaL_checkint(L, 1));
  return 0;
}