-/* Parse command line arguments for bison.
- Copyright 1984, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Parse command line arguments for Bison.
+
+ Copyright (C) 1984, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2000-2012 Free Software
+ Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
- Bison is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
- any later version.
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
- Bison is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- General Public License for more details.
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bison; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
- 02111-1307, USA. */
+ along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "getopt.h"
+#include <config.h>
#include "system.h"
-#include "files.h"
+#include "output.h"
+
+#include <argmatch.h>
+#include <c-strcase.h>
+#include <configmake.h>
+#include <error.h>
+
+/* Hack to get <getopt.h> to declare getopt with a prototype. */
+#if lint && ! defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
+# define __GNU_LIBRARY__
+# define HACK_FOR___GNU_LIBRARY___PROTOTYPE 1
+#endif
+
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+#ifdef HACK_FOR___GNU_LIBRARY___PROTOTYPE
+# undef __GNU_LIBRARY__
+# undef HACK_FOR___GNU_LIBRARY___PROTOTYPE
+#endif
+
#include "complain.h"
+#include "files.h"
#include "getargs.h"
-#include "xalloc.h"
-#include "options.h"
-
-int debug_flag = 0;
-int defines_flag = 0;
-int locations_flag = 0;
-int no_lines_flag = 0;
-int no_parser_flag = 0;
-int token_table_flag = 0;
-int verbose_flag = 0;
-int yacc_flag = 0; /* for -y */
-int graph_flag = 0;
-int trace_flag = 0;
-
+#include "muscle-tab.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "uniqstr.h"
+
+bool debug_flag;
+bool defines_flag;
+bool graph_flag;
+bool xml_flag;
+bool locations_flag;
+bool no_lines_flag;
+bool token_table_flag;
+bool yacc_flag; /* for -y */
+
+bool error_verbose = false;
+
+bool nondeterministic_parser = false;
+bool glr_parser = false;
+
+int report_flag = report_none;
+int trace_flag = trace_none;
+int warnings_flag = warnings_conflicts_sr | warnings_conflicts_rr
+ | warnings_other;
+
+static struct bison_language const valid_languages[] = {
+ { "c", "c-skel.m4", ".c", ".h", true },
+ { "c++", "c++-skel.m4", ".cc", ".hh", true },
+ { "java", "java-skel.m4", ".java", ".java", false },
+ { "", "", "", "", false }
+};
+
+int skeleton_prio = default_prio;
const char *skeleton = NULL;
+int language_prio = default_prio;
+struct bison_language const *language = &valid_languages[0];
const char *include = NULL;
-extern char *program_name;
+char *program_name;
+
+
+/** Decode an option's set of keys.
+ *
+ * \param option option being decoded.
+ * \param keys array of valid subarguments.
+ * \param values array of corresponding (int) values.
+ * \param all the all value.
+ * \param flags the flags to update
+ * \param args comma separated list of effective subarguments to decode.
+ * If 0, then activate all the flags.
+ *
+ * If VALUE != 0 then KEY sets flags and no-KEY clears them.
+ * If VALUE == 0 then KEY clears all flags from \c all and no-KEY sets all
+ * flags from \c all. Thus no-none = all and no-all = none.
+ */
+static void
+flags_argmatch (const char *option,
+ const char * const keys[], const int values[],
+ int all, int *flags, char *args)
+{
+ if (args)
+ {
+ args = strtok (args, ",");
+ while (args)
+ {
+ int no = strncmp (args, "no-", 3) == 0 ? 3 : 0;
+ int value = XARGMATCH (option, args + no, keys, values);
+ if (value == 0)
+ {
+ if (no)
+ *flags |= all;
+ else
+ *flags &= ~all;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (no)
+ *flags &= ~value;
+ else
+ *flags |= value;
+ }
+ args = strtok (NULL, ",");
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ *flags |= all;
+}
+
+/** Decode a set of sub arguments.
+ *
+ * \param FlagName the flag familly to update.
+ * \param Args the effective sub arguments to decode.
+ *
+ * \arg FlagName_args the list of keys.
+ * \arg FlagName_types the list of values.
+ * \arg FlagName_all the all value.
+ * \arg FlagName_flag the flag to update.
+ */
+#define FLAGS_ARGMATCH(FlagName, Args) \
+ flags_argmatch ("--" #FlagName, FlagName ## _args, FlagName ## _types, \
+ FlagName ## _all, &FlagName ## _flag, Args)
-/*---------------------------.
-| Display the help message. |
-`---------------------------*/
-static void
-usage (FILE *stream)
+/*----------------------.
+| --report's handling. |
+`----------------------*/
+
+static const char * const report_args[] =
{
- /* Some efforts were made to ease the translators' task, please
- continue. */
- fputs (_("\
-GNU bison generates parsers for LALR(1) grammars.\n"), stream);
- putc ('\n', stream);
+ /* In a series of synonyms, present the most meaningful first, so
+ that argmatch_valid be more readable. */
+ "none",
+ "state", "states",
+ "itemset", "itemsets",
+ "lookahead", "lookaheads", "look-ahead",
+ "solved",
+ "all",
+ 0
+};
+
+static const int report_types[] =
+{
+ report_none,
+ report_states, report_states,
+ report_states | report_itemsets, report_states | report_itemsets,
+ report_states | report_lookahead_tokens,
+ report_states | report_lookahead_tokens,
+ report_states | report_lookahead_tokens,
+ report_states | report_solved_conflicts,
+ report_all
+};
- fprintf (stream, _("\
-Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE\n"), program_name);
- putc ('\n', stream);
+ARGMATCH_VERIFY (report_args, report_types);
- fputs (_("\
-If a long option shows an argument as mandatory, then it is mandatory\n\
-for the equivalent short option also. Similarly for optional arguments.\n"),
- stream);
- putc ('\n', stream);
- fputs (_("\
-Operation modes:\n\
- -h, --help display this help and exit\n\
- -V, --version output version information and exit\n\
- -y, --yacc emulate POSIX yacc\n"), stream);
- putc ('\n', stream);
+/*---------------------.
+| --trace's handling. |
+`---------------------*/
- fputs (_("\
-Parser:\n\
- -S, --skeleton=FILE specify the skeleton to use\n\
- -t, --debug instrument the parser for debugging\n\
- --locations enable locations computation\n\
- -p, --name-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to the external symbols\n\
- -l, --no-lines don't generate `#line' directives\n\
- -n, --no-parser generate the tables only\n\
- -k, --token-table include a table of token names\n\
-"), stream);
- putc ('\n', stream);
+static const char * const trace_args[] =
+{
+ /* In a series of synonyms, present the most meaningful first, so
+ that argmatch_valid be more readable. */
+ "none - no traces",
+ "scan - grammar scanner traces",
+ "parse - grammar parser traces",
+ "automaton - construction of the automaton",
+ "bitsets - use of bitsets",
+ "grammar - reading, reducing the grammar",
+ "resource - memory consumption (where available)",
+ "sets - grammar sets: firsts, nullable etc.",
+ "muscles - m4 definitions passed to the skeleton",
+ "tools - m4 invocation",
+ "m4 - m4 traces",
+ "skeleton - skeleton postprocessing",
+ "time - time consumption",
+ "ielr - IELR conversion",
+ "all - all of the above",
+ 0
+};
+
+static const int trace_types[] =
+{
+ trace_none,
+ trace_scan,
+ trace_parse,
+ trace_automaton,
+ trace_bitsets,
+ trace_grammar,
+ trace_resource,
+ trace_sets,
+ trace_muscles,
+ trace_tools,
+ trace_m4,
+ trace_skeleton,
+ trace_time,
+ trace_ielr,
+ trace_all
+};
+
+ARGMATCH_VERIFY (trace_args, trace_types);
+
+
+/*------------------------.
+| --warnings's handling. |
+`------------------------*/
+
+static const char * const warnings_args[] =
+{
+ /* In a series of synonyms, present the most meaningful first, so
+ that argmatch_valid be more readable. */
+ "none - no warnings",
+ "midrule-values - unset or unused midrule values",
+ "yacc - incompatibilities with POSIX Yacc",
+ "conflicts-sr - S/R conflicts",
+ "conflicts-rr - R/R conflicts",
+ "other - all other warnings",
+ "all - all of the above",
+ "error - warnings are errors",
+ 0
+};
+
+static const int warnings_types[] =
+{
+ warnings_none,
+ warnings_midrule_values,
+ warnings_yacc,
+ warnings_conflicts_sr,
+ warnings_conflicts_rr,
+ warnings_other,
+ warnings_all,
+ warnings_error
+};
- fputs (_("\
+ARGMATCH_VERIFY (warnings_args, warnings_types);
+
+
+/*-------------------------------------------.
+| Display the help message and exit STATUS. |
+`-------------------------------------------*/
+
+static void usage (int) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+
+static void
+usage (int status)
+{
+ if (status != 0)
+ fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
+ program_name);
+ else
+ {
+ /* For ../build-aux/cross-options.pl to work, use the format:
+ ^ -S, --long[=ARGS] (whitespace)
+ A --long option is required.
+ Otherwise, add exceptions to ../build-aux/cross-options.pl. */
+
+ printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE\n"), program_name);
+ fputs (_("\
+Generate a deterministic LR or generalized LR (GLR) parser employing\n\
+LALR(1), IELR(1), or canonical LR(1) parser tables. IELR(1) and\n\
+canonical LR(1) support is experimental.\n\
+\n\
+"), stdout);
+
+ fputs (_("\
+Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
+"), stdout);
+ fputs (_("\
+The same is true for optional arguments.\n\
+"), stdout);
+
+ fputs (_("\
+\n\
+Operation modes:\n\
+ -h, --help display this help and exit\n\
+ -V, --version output version information and exit\n\
+ --print-localedir output directory containing locale-dependent data\n\
+ --print-datadir output directory containing skeletons and XSLT\n\
+ -y, --yacc emulate POSIX Yacc\n\
+ -W, --warnings[=CATEGORY] report the warnings falling in CATEGORY\n\
+\n\
+"), stdout);
+
+ fputs (_("\
+Parser:\n\
+ -L, --language=LANGUAGE specify the output programming language\n\
+ (this is an experimental feature)\n\
+ -S, --skeleton=FILE specify the skeleton to use\n\
+ -t, --debug instrument the parser for debugging\n\
+ --locations enable location support\n\
+ -D, --define=NAME[=VALUE] similar to `%define NAME \"VALUE\"'\n\
+ -F, --force-define=NAME[=VALUE] override `%define NAME \"VALUE\"'\n\
+ -p, --name-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to the external symbols\n\
+ -l, --no-lines don't generate `#line' directives\n\
+ -k, --token-table include a table of token names\n\
+\n\
+"), stdout);
+
+ /* Keep -d and --defines separate so that ../build-aux/cross-options.pl
+ * won't assume that -d also takes an argument. */
+ fputs (_("\
Output:\n\
- -d, --defines also produce a header file\n\
- -v, --verbose also produce an explanation of the automaton\n\
+ --defines[=FILE] also produce a header file\n\
+ -d likewise but cannot specify FILE (for POSIX Yacc)\n\
+ -r, --report=THINGS also produce details on the automaton\n\
+ --report-file=FILE write report to FILE\n\
+ -v, --verbose same as `--report=state'\n\
-b, --file-prefix=PREFIX specify a PREFIX for output files\n\
-o, --output=FILE leave output to FILE\n\
- -g, --graph also produce a VCG description of the automaton\n\
-"), stream);
- putc ('\n', stream);
+ -g, --graph[=FILE] also output a graph of the automaton\n\
+ -x, --xml[=FILE] also output an XML report of the automaton\n\
+ (the XML schema is experimental)\n\
+\n\
+"), stdout);
+
+ fputs (_("\
+Warning categories include:\n\
+ `midrule-values' unset or unused midrule values\n\
+ `yacc' incompatibilities with POSIX Yacc\n\
+ `conflicts-sr' S/R conflicts (enabled by default)\n\
+ `conflicts-rr' R/R conflicts (enabled by default)\n\
+ `other' all other warnings (enabled by default)\n\
+ `all' all the warnings\n\
+ `no-CATEGORY' turn off warnings in CATEGORY\n\
+ `none' turn off all the warnings\n\
+ `error' treat warnings as errors\n\
+\n\
+"), stdout);
+
+ fputs (_("\
+THINGS is a list of comma separated words that can include:\n\
+ `state' describe the states\n\
+ `itemset' complete the core item sets with their closure\n\
+ `lookahead' explicitly associate lookahead tokens to items\n\
+ `solved' describe shift/reduce conflicts solving\n\
+ `all' include all the above information\n\
+ `none' disable the report\n\
+"), stdout);
+
+ printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
+ }
- fputs (_("\
-Report bugs to <bug-bison@gnu.org>.\n"), stream);
+ exit (status);
}
`------------------------------*/
static void
-version (FILE *stream)
+version (void)
{
/* Some efforts were made to ease the translators' task, please
continue. */
- fprintf (stream, _("\
-bison (GNU Bison) %s"), VERSION);
- putc ('\n', stream);
- putc ('\n', stream);
+ printf (_("bison (GNU Bison) %s"), VERSION);
+ putc ('\n', stdout);
+ fputs (_("Written by Robert Corbett and Richard Stallman.\n"), stdout);
+ putc ('\n', stdout);
- fputs (_("\
-Copyright 1984, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"),
- stream);
+ fprintf (stdout,
+ _("Copyright (C) %d Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"),
+ PACKAGE_COPYRIGHT_YEAR);
fputs (_("\
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO\n\
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n\
"),
- stream);
+ stdout);
+}
+
+
+/*-------------------------------------.
+| --skeleton and --language handling. |
+`--------------------------------------*/
+
+void
+skeleton_arg (char const *arg, int prio, location loc)
+{
+ if (prio < skeleton_prio)
+ {
+ skeleton_prio = prio;
+ skeleton = arg;
+ }
+ else if (prio == skeleton_prio)
+ complain_at (loc, _("multiple skeleton declarations are invalid"));
}
+void
+language_argmatch (char const *arg, int prio, location loc)
+{
+ char const *msg;
+
+ if (prio < language_prio)
+ {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; valid_languages[i].language[0]; i++)
+ if (c_strcasecmp (arg, valid_languages[i].language) == 0)
+ {
+ language_prio = prio;
+ language = &valid_languages[i];
+ return;
+ }
+ msg = _("%s: invalid language");
+ }
+ else if (language_prio == prio)
+ msg = _("multiple language declarations are invalid");
+ else
+ return;
+
+ complain_at (loc, msg, quotearg_colon (arg));
+}
/*----------------------.
| Process the options. |
`----------------------*/
+/* Shorts options.
+ Should be computed from long_options. */
+static char const short_options[] =
+ "D:"
+ "F:"
+ "L:"
+ "S:"
+ "T::"
+ "V"
+ "W::"
+ "b:"
+ "d"
+ "e"
+ "g::"
+ "h"
+ "k"
+ "l"
+ "n"
+ "o:"
+ "p:"
+ "r:"
+ "t"
+ "v"
+ "x::"
+ "y"
+ ;
+
+/* Values for long options that do not have single-letter equivalents. */
+enum
+{
+ LOCATIONS_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
+ PRINT_LOCALEDIR_OPTION,
+ PRINT_DATADIR_OPTION,
+ REPORT_FILE_OPTION
+};
+
+static struct option const long_options[] =
+{
+ /* Operation modes. */
+ { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h' },
+ { "version", no_argument, 0, 'V' },
+ { "print-localedir", no_argument, 0, PRINT_LOCALEDIR_OPTION },
+ { "print-datadir", no_argument, 0, PRINT_DATADIR_OPTION },
+ { "warnings", optional_argument, 0, 'W' },
+
+ /* Parser. */
+ { "name-prefix", required_argument, 0, 'p' },
+ { "include", required_argument, 0, 'I' },
+
+ /* Output. */
+ { "file-prefix", required_argument, 0, 'b' },
+ { "output", required_argument, 0, 'o' },
+ { "output-file", required_argument, 0, 'o' },
+ { "graph", optional_argument, 0, 'g' },
+ { "xml", optional_argument, 0, 'x' },
+ { "report", required_argument, 0, 'r' },
+ { "report-file", required_argument, 0, REPORT_FILE_OPTION },
+ { "verbose", no_argument, 0, 'v' },
+
+ /* Hidden. */
+ { "trace", optional_argument, 0, 'T' },
+
+ /* Output. */
+ { "defines", optional_argument, 0, 'd' },
+
+ /* Operation modes. */
+ { "fixed-output-files", no_argument, 0, 'y' },
+ { "yacc", no_argument, 0, 'y' },
+
+ /* Parser. */
+ { "debug", no_argument, 0, 't' },
+ { "define", required_argument, 0, 'D' },
+ { "force-define", required_argument, 0, 'F' },
+ { "locations", no_argument, 0, LOCATIONS_OPTION },
+ { "no-lines", no_argument, 0, 'l' },
+ { "raw", no_argument, 0, 0 },
+ { "skeleton", required_argument, 0, 'S' },
+ { "language", required_argument, 0, 'L' },
+ { "token-table", no_argument, 0, 'k' },
+
+ {0, 0, 0, 0}
+};
+
+/* Under DOS, there is no difference on the case. This can be
+ troublesome when looking for `.tab' etc. */
+#ifdef MSDOS
+# define AS_FILE_NAME(File) (strlwr (File), (File))
+#else
+# define AS_FILE_NAME(File) (File)
+#endif
+
+/* Build a location for the current command line argument. */
+static
+location
+command_line_location (void)
+{
+ location res;
+ /* "<command line>" is used in GCC's messages about -D. */
+ boundary_set (&res.start, uniqstr_new ("<command line>"), optind, -1);
+ res.end = res.start;
+ return res;
+}
+
+
void
getargs (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int c;
- struct option *longopts = long_option_table_new ();
- while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, shortopts, longopts, NULL)) != EOF)
+ while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, short_options, long_options, NULL))
+ != -1)
switch (c)
{
+ /* ASCII Sorting for short options (i.e., upper case then
+ lower case), and then long-only options. */
+
case 0:
/* Certain long options cause getopt_long to return 0. */
break;
- case 'y':
- yacc_flag = 1;
+ case 'D': /* -DNAME[=VALUE]. */
+ case 'F': /* -FNAME[=VALUE]. */
+ {
+ char* name = optarg;
+ char* value = mbschr (optarg, '=');
+ if (value)
+ *value++ = 0;
+ muscle_percent_define_insert (name, command_line_location (),
+ value ? value : "",
+ c == 'D' ? MUSCLE_PERCENT_DEFINE_D
+ : MUSCLE_PERCENT_DEFINE_F);
+ }
break;
- case 'h':
- usage (stdout);
- exit (0);
+ case 'I':
+ include = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
+ break;
- case 'V':
- version (stdout);
- exit (0);
+ case 'L':
+ language_argmatch (optarg, command_line_prio,
+ command_line_location ());
+ break;
- case 'g':
- /* Here, the -g and --graph=FILE options are differentiated. */
- graph_flag = 1;
- spec_graph_file = optarg;
+ case 'S':
+ skeleton_arg (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg), command_line_prio,
+ command_line_location ());
break;
- case 'v':
- verbose_flag = 1;
+ case 'T':
+ FLAGS_ARGMATCH (trace, optarg);
break;
- case 'S':
- skeleton = optarg;
+ case 'V':
+ version ();
+ exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+ case 'W':
+ FLAGS_ARGMATCH (warnings, optarg);
break;
- case 'I':
- include = optarg;
+ case 'b':
+ spec_file_prefix = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
break;
case 'd':
- /* Here, the -d and --defines options are differentiated. */
- defines_flag = 1;
- spec_defines_file = optarg;
+ /* Here, the -d and --defines options are differentiated. */
+ defines_flag = true;
+ if (optarg)
+ spec_defines_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
+ break;
+
+ case 'g':
+ graph_flag = true;
+ if (optarg)
+ spec_graph_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
+ break;
+
+ case 'h':
+ usage (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+ case 'k':
+ token_table_flag = true;
break;
case 'l':
- no_lines_flag = 1;
+ no_lines_flag = true;
break;
- case 'k':
- token_table_flag = 1;
+ case 'o':
+ spec_outfile = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
break;
- case 'r':
- fatal (_("`%s' is no longer supported"), "--raw");
+ case 'p':
+ spec_name_prefix = optarg;
break;
- case 'n':
- no_parser_flag = 1;
+ case 'r':
+ FLAGS_ARGMATCH (report, optarg);
break;
case 't':
- debug_flag = 1;
+ debug_flag = true;
break;
- case 'o':
- spec_outfile = optarg;
+ case 'v':
+ report_flag |= report_states;
break;
- case 'b':
- spec_file_prefix = optarg;
+ case 'x':
+ xml_flag = true;
+ if (optarg)
+ spec_xml_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
break;
- case 'p':
- spec_name_prefix = optarg;
+ case 'y':
+ yacc_flag = true;
+ break;
+
+ case LOCATIONS_OPTION:
+ locations_flag = true;
+ break;
+
+ case PRINT_LOCALEDIR_OPTION:
+ printf ("%s\n", LOCALEDIR);
+ exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+ case PRINT_DATADIR_OPTION:
+ printf ("%s\n", compute_pkgdatadir ());
+ exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+ case REPORT_FILE_OPTION:
+ spec_verbose_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
break;
default:
- fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
- program_name);
- exit (1);
+ usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
- free (longopts);
-
- if (optind == argc)
+ if (argc - optind != 1)
{
- fprintf (stderr, _("%s: no grammar file given\n"), program_name);
- exit (1);
+ if (argc - optind < 1)
+ error (0, 0, _("%s: missing operand"), quotearg_colon (argv[argc - 1]));
+ else
+ error (0, 0, _("extra operand %s"), quote (argv[optind + 1]));
+ usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
- if (optind < argc - 1)
- fprintf (stderr, _("%s: extra arguments ignored after `%s'\n"),
- program_name, argv[optind]);
- infile = argv[optind];
+ current_file = grammar_file = uniqstr_new (argv[optind]);
+ MUSCLE_INSERT_C_STRING ("file_name", grammar_file);
+}
+
+void
+tr (char *s, char from, char to)
+{
+ for (; *s; s++)
+ if (*s == from)
+ *s = to;
}