Bison News
----------
-Changes in version 1.875d, 2004-05-21:
+Changes in version 2.1a:
-* Unescaped newlines are no longer allowed in character constants or
- string literals. They were never portable, and GCC 3.4.0 has
- dropped support for them. Better diagnostics are now generated if
- forget a closing quote.
+* New warning: unused values
+ Typed right-hand side symbols whose value are not used are reported.
+ For instance:
-* NUL bytes are no longer allowed in Bison string literals, unfortunately.
+ exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp { $1 ? $1 : $3; }
+ | exp "+" exp
+ ;
-* %token numbers can now be hexadecimal integers, e.g., `%token FOO 0x12d'.
- This is a GNU extension.
+ will trigger a warning about $$ and $5 in the first rule, and $3 in
+ the second ($1 is copied to $$ by the default rule). This example
+ most likely contains three errors, and should be rewritten as:
-* A new directive "%expect-rr N" specifies the expected number of
- reduce/reduce conflicts in GLR parsers.
+ exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp { $$ = $1 ? $3 : $5; }
+ | exp "+" exp { $$ = $1 + $3; }
+ ;
-* Experimental %destructor support has been added to lalr1.cc.
+ However, if the original actions were really intended, the warnings
+ can be suppressed by letting Bison believe the values are used, e.g.:
-Changes in version 1.875c, 2003-08-25:
+ exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp { $1 ? $1 : $3; (void) ($$, $5); }
+ | exp "+" exp { $$ = $1; (void) $3; }
+ ;
- (Just bug fixes.)
+ If there are mid-rule actions, the warning is issued if no action
+ uses it. The following triggers no warning: $1 and $3 are used.
-Changes in version 1.875b, 2003-06-17:
+ exp: exp { push ($1); } '+' exp { push ($3); sum (); };
-* GLR grammars now support locations.
+ Mid-rule actions that use $$ cause the corresponding value to be
+ set, therefore the following action must use it. The following rule
+ triggers a warning about $2.
-* Semicolon changes:
- - Semicolons are now allowed before "|" in grammar rules, as POSIX requires.
- - Stray semicolons are no longer allowed at the start of a grammar.
- - Semicolons are now required after in-grammar declarations.
+ exp: '1' { $$ = 1; } '+' exp { $$ = $1 + $4; };
+
+ The warning is intended to help catching lost values and memory leaks.
+ If a value is ignored, its associated memory typically is not reclaimed.
+
+* %destructor vs. YYABORT, YYACCEPT, and YYERROR.
+ Destructors are now called when user code invokes YYABORT, YYACCEPT,
+ and YYERROR, for all objects on the stack, other than objects
+ corresponding to the right-hand side of the current rule.
+
+* %expect, %expect-rr
+ Incorrect numbers of expected conflicts are now actual errors,
+ instead of warnings.
+
+* GLR, YACC parsers.
+ The %parse-params are available in the %destructor's (and the
+ experimental %printer's) as per the documentation.
+
+* Bison now warns if it finds a stray `$' or `@' in an action.
+
+* %require "VERSION"
+ To specify that the grammar file depends on features implemented in
+ Bison version VERSION or higher.
+
+* lalr1.cc: The token and value types are now class members.
+ The tokens were defined as free form enums and cpp macros. YYSTYPE
+ was defined as a free form union. They are now class members:
+ tokens are enumerations of the `yy::parser::token' struct, and the
+ semantic values have the `yy::parser::semantic_type' type.
+
+ If you do not want or can update to this scheme, the directive
+ `%define "global_tokens_and_yystype" "1"' triggers the global
+ definition of tokens and YYSTYPE. This change is suitable both
+ for previous releases of Bison, and this one.
+
+ If you wish to update, then make sure older version of Bison will
+ fail using `%require "2.1a"'.
+
+* DJGPP support added.
+
+Changes in version 2.1, 2005-09-16:
+
+* The C++ lalr1.cc skeleton supports %lex-param.
+
+* Bison-generated parsers now support the translation of diagnostics like
+ "syntax error" into languages other than English. The default
+ language is still English. For details, please see the new
+ Internationalization section of the Bison manual. Software
+ distributors should also see the new PACKAGING file. Thanks to
+ Bruno Haible for this new feature.
+
+* Wording in the Bison-generated parsers has been changed slightly to
+ simplify translation. In particular, the message "memory exhausted"
+ has replaced "parser stack overflow", as the old message was not
+ always accurate for modern Bison-generated parsers.
+
+* Destructors are now called when the parser aborts, for all symbols left
+ behind on the stack. Also, the start symbol is now destroyed after a
+ successful parse. In both cases, the behavior was formerly inconsistent.
+
+* When generating verbose diagnostics, Bison-generated parsers no longer
+ quote the literal strings associated with tokens. For example, for
+ a syntax error associated with '%token NUM "number"' they might
+ print 'syntax error, unexpected number' instead of 'syntax error,
+ unexpected "number"'.
-Changes in version 1.875a, 2003-02-01:
+Changes in version 2.0, 2004-12-25:
-* For now, %expect-count violations are now just warnings, not errors.
- This is for compatibility with Bison 1.75 and earlier (when there are
- reduce/reduce conflicts) and with Bison 1.30 and earlier (when there
- are too many or too few shift/reduce conflicts). However, in future
- versions of Bison we plan to improve the %expect machinery so that
- these violations will become errors again.
+* Possibly-incompatible changes
-* New configure option --disable-yacc, to disable installation of the
- yacc command and -ly library introduced in 1.875 for POSIX conformance.
+ - Bison-generated parsers no longer default to using the alloca function
+ (when available) to extend the parser stack, due to widespread
+ problems in unchecked stack-overflow detection. You can "#define
+ YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA 1" to require the use of alloca, but please read
+ the manual to determine safe values for YYMAXDEPTH in that case.
+
+ - Error token location.
+ During error recovery, the location of the syntax error is updated
+ to cover the whole sequence covered by the error token: it includes
+ the shifted symbols thrown away during the first part of the error
+ recovery, and the lookahead rejected during the second part.
+
+ - Semicolon changes:
+ . Stray semicolons are no longer allowed at the start of a grammar.
+ . Semicolons are now required after in-grammar declarations.
+
+ - Unescaped newlines are no longer allowed in character constants or
+ string literals. They were never portable, and GCC 3.4.0 has
+ dropped support for them. Better diagnostics are now generated if
+ forget a closing quote.
+
+ - NUL bytes are no longer allowed in Bison string literals, unfortunately.
+
+* New features
+
+ - GLR grammars now support locations.
+
+ - New directive: %initial-action.
+ This directive allows the user to run arbitrary code (including
+ initializing @$) from yyparse before parsing starts.
+
+ - A new directive "%expect-rr N" specifies the expected number of
+ reduce/reduce conflicts in GLR parsers.
+
+ - %token numbers can now be hexadecimal integers, e.g., `%token FOO 0x12d'.
+ This is a GNU extension.
+
+ - The option `--report=lookahead' was changed to `--report=look-ahead'.
+ The old spelling still works, but is not documented and will be
+ removed.
+
+ - Experimental %destructor support has been added to lalr1.cc.
+
+ - New configure option --disable-yacc, to disable installation of the
+ yacc command and -ly library introduced in 1.875 for POSIX conformance.
+
+* Bug fixes
+
+ - For now, %expect-count violations are now just warnings, not errors.
+ This is for compatibility with Bison 1.75 and earlier (when there are
+ reduce/reduce conflicts) and with Bison 1.30 and earlier (when there
+ are too many or too few shift/reduce conflicts). However, in future
+ versions of Bison we plan to improve the %expect machinery so that
+ these violations will become errors again.
+
+ - Within Bison itself, numbers (e.g., goto numbers) are no longer
+ arbitrarily limited to 16-bit counts.
+
+ - Semicolons are now allowed before "|" in grammar rules, as POSIX requires.
\f
Changes in version 1.875, 2003-01-01:
allowed some non-error action other than a default reduction on the
error token. The new behavior has long been the documented behavior,
and has long been required by POSIX. For more details, please see
- <http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/bug-bison/2002-May/001452.html>.
+ Paul Eggert, "Reductions during Bison error handling" (2002-05-20)
+ <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-bison/2002-05/msg00038.html>.
* Traces
Popped tokens and nonterminals are now reported.
produces additional information:
- itemset
complete the core item sets with their closure
- - lookahead
- explicitly associate lookaheads to items
+ - lookahead [changed to `look-ahead' in 1.875e and later]
+ explicitly associate look-ahead tokens to items
- solved
describe shift/reduce conflicts solving.
Bison used to systematically output this information on top of
alloca is used only when compiled with GCC, to avoid portability
problems as on AIX.
+* yyparse now returns 2 if memory is exhausted; formerly it dumped core.
+
* When the generated parser lacks debugging code, YYDEBUG is now 0
(as POSIX requires) instead of being undefined.
-----
-Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
+Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with autoconf; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
-the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
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