*** Obsolete features
- Support for YYFAIL is removed (deprecated in Bison 2.4.2).
- Support for yystype and yyltype (instead of YYSTYPE and YYLTYPE)
- is removed (deprecated in Bison 1.875).
- Support for YYPARSE_PARAM is removed (deprecated in Bison 1.875).
+ Support for YYFAIL is removed (deprecated in Bison 2.4.2): use YYERROR.
+
+ Support for yystype and yyltype is removed (deprecated in Bison 1.875):
+ use YYSTYPE and YYLTYPE.
+
+ Support for YYLEX_PARAM and YYPARSE_PARAM is removed (deprecated in Bison
+ 1.875): use %lex-param, %parse-param, or %param.
** Warnings
-*** Warning categories are now displayed
+*** Enhancements of the -Werror option
- For instance:
+ The -Werror=CATEGORY option is now recognized, and will treat specified
+ warnings as errors. The warnings need not have been explicitly activated
+ using the -W option, this is similar to what GCC 4.7 does.
+
+ For example, given the following command line, Bison will treat both
+ warnings related to POSIX Yacc incompatibilities and S/R conflicts as
+ errors (and only those):
+
+ $ bison -Werror=yacc,error=conflicts-sr input.y
+
+ If no categories are specified, -Werror will make all active warnings into
+ errors. For example, the following line does the same the previous example:
+
+ $ bison -Werror -Wnone -Wyacc -Wconflicts-sr input.y
+
+ (By default -Wconflicts-sr,conflicts-rr,deprecated,other is enabled.)
+
+ Note that the categories in this -Werror option may not be prefixed with
+ "no-". However, -Wno-error[=CATEGORY] is valid.
+
+ Note that -y enables -Werror=yacc. Therefore it is now possible to require
+ Yacc-like behavior (e.g., always generate y.tab.c), but to report
+ incompatibilities as warnings: "-y -Wno-error=yacc".
+
+*** The display of warnings is now richer
+
+ The option that controls a given warning is now displayed:
+
+ foo.y:4.6: warning: type clash on default action: <foo> != <bar> [-Wother]
+
+ In the case of warnings treated as errors, the prefix is changed from
+ "warning: " to "error: ", and the suffix is displayed, in a manner similar
+ to GCC, as [-Werror=CATEGORY].
- foo.y:4.6: warning: type clash on default action: <foo> != <bar> [-Wother]
+ For instance, where the previous version of Bison would report (and exit
+ with failure):
+
+ bison: warnings being treated as errors
+ input.y:1.1: warning: stray ',' treated as white space
+
+ it now reports:
+
+ input.y:1.1: error: stray ',' treated as white space [-Werror=other]
+
+*** Deprecated constructs
+
+ The new 'deprecated' warning category flags obsolete constructs whose
+ support will be discontinued. It is enabled by default. These warnings
+ used to be reported as 'other' warnings.
*** Useless semantic types
3.28-34: warning: type <type3> is used, but is not associated to any symbol
4.28-34: warning: type <type4> is used, but is not associated to any symbol
-*** Undeclared symbols
+*** Undefined but unused symbols
- Bison used to raise an error for %printer and %destructor directives for
- undefined symbols.
+ Bison used to raise an error for undefined symbols that are not used in
+ the grammar. This is now only a warning.
%printer {} symbol1
%destructor {} symbol2
+ %type <type> symbol3
%%
exp: "a";
- This is now only a warning.
-
*** Useless destructors or printers
Bison now warns about useless destructors or printers. In the following
%printer {} token1 <type1> <type3>
%destructor {} token2 <type2> <type4>
+*** Conflicts
+
+ The warnings and error messages about shift/reduce and reduce/reduce
+ conflicts have been normalized. For instance on the following foo.y file:
+
+ %glr-parser
+ %%
+ exp: exp '+' exp | '0' | '0';
+
+ compare the previous version of bison:
+
+ $ bison foo.y
+ foo.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce, 2 reduce/reduce
+ $ bison -Werror foo.y
+ bison: warnings being treated as errors
+ foo.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce, 2 reduce/reduce
+
+ with the new behavior:
+
+ $ bison foo.y
+ foo.y: warning: 1 shift/reduce conflict [-Wconflicts-sr]
+ foo.y: warning: 2 reduce/reduce conflicts [-Wconflicts-rr]
+ $ bison -Werror foo.y
+ foo.y: error: 1 shift/reduce conflict [-Werror=conflicts-sr]
+ foo.y: error: 2 reduce/reduce conflicts [-Werror=conflicts-rr]
+
+ When %expect or %expect-rr is used, such as with bar.y:
+
+ %expect 0
+ %glr-parser
+ %%
+ exp: exp '+' exp | '0' | '0';
+
+ Former behavior:
+
+ $ bison bar.y
+ bar.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce, 2 reduce/reduce
+ bar.y: expected 0 shift/reduce conflicts
+ bar.y: expected 0 reduce/reduce conflicts
+
+ New one:
+
+ $ bison bar.y
+ bar.y: error: shift/reduce conflicts: 1 found, 0 expected
+ bar.y: error: reduce/reduce conflicts: 2 found, 0 expected
+
** Additional yylex/yyparse arguments
The new directive %param declares additional arguments to both yylex and
** Java skeleton improvements
- The constants for token names were moved to the Lexer interface.
- Also, it is possible to add code to the parser's constructors using
- "%code init" and "%define init_throws".
+ The constants for token names were moved to the Lexer interface. Also, it
+ is possible to add code to the parser's constructors using "%code init"
+ and "%define init_throws".
** C++ skeletons improvements
-*** parser header (%defines) is no longer mandatory (lalr1.cc)
+*** The parser header is no longer mandatory (lalr1.cc, glr.cc)
- In which case, if needed, the support classes are defined in the generated
- parser, instead of additional files (location.hh, position.hh and
- stack.hh).
+ Using %defines is now optional. Without it, the needed support classes
+ are defined in the generated parser, instead of additional files (such as
+ location.hh, position.hh and stack.hh).
-*** locations are no longer mandatory (lalr1.cc, glr.cc)
+*** Locations are no longer mandatory (lalr1.cc, glr.cc)
Both lalr1.cc and glr.cc no longer require %location.
used by the scanner, or rejecting invalid combinations from a
factory invoked by the user actions).
-** Variable api.tokens.prefix
+** Variable api.token.prefix
- The variable api.tokens.prefix changes the way tokens are identified in
+ The variable api.token.prefix changes the way tokens are identified in
the generated files. This is especially useful to avoid collisions
with identifiers in the target language. For instance
%token FILE for ERROR
- %define api.tokens.prefix "TOK_"
+ %define api.token.prefix "TOK_"
%%
start: FILE for ERROR;
use these prefixed token names, although the grammar itself still
uses the short names (as in the sample rule given above).
-** Variable api.namespace
+** Renamed %define variables
- The "namespace" variable is renamed "api.namespace". Backward
+ The following variables have been renamed for consistency. Backward
compatibility is ensured, but upgrading is recommended.
+ lr.default-reductions -> lr.default-reduction
+ lr.keep-unreachable-states -> lr.keep-unreachable-state
+ namespace -> api.namespace
+
** Variable parse.error
- The variable error controls the verbosity of error messages. The
- use of the %error-verbose directive is deprecated in favor of
- %define parse.error "verbose".
+ This variable controls the verbosity of error messages. The use of the
+ %error-verbose directive is deprecated in favor of "%define parse.error
+ verbose".
** Semantic predicates
- The new, experimental, semantic-predicate feature allows actions of
- the form %?{ BOOLEAN-EXPRESSION }, which cause syntax errors (as for
+ The new, experimental, semantic-predicate feature allows actions of the
+ form "%?{ BOOLEAN-EXPRESSION }", which cause syntax errors (as for
YYERROR) if the expression evaluates to 0, and are evaluated immediately
- in GLR parsers, rather than being deferred. The result is that they
- allow the programmer to prune possible parses based on the values of
- run-time expressions.
+ in GLR parsers, rather than being deferred. The result is that they allow
+ the programmer to prune possible parses based on the values of run-time
+ expressions.
-* Noteworthy changes in release ?.? (????-??-??) [?]
+** The directive %expect-rr is now an error in non GLR mode
+
+ It used to be an error only if used in non GLR mode, _and_ if there are
+ reduce/reduce conflicts.
+
+* Noteworthy changes in release 2.7 (2012-12-12) [stable]
+
+** Bug fixes
+
+ Warnings about uninitialized yylloc in yyparse have been fixed.
+
+ Restored C90 compliance (yet no report was ever made).
+
+** Diagnostics are improved
+
+*** Changes in the format of error messages
+
+ This used to be the format of many error reports:
+
+ input.y:2.7-12: %type redeclaration for exp
+ input.y:1.7-12: previous declaration
+
+ It is now:
+
+ input.y:2.7-12: error: %type redeclaration for exp
+ input.y:1.7-12: previous declaration
+
+*** New format for error reports: carets
+
+ Caret errors have been added to Bison:
+
+ input.y:2.7-12: error: %type redeclaration for exp
+ %type <sval> exp
+ ^^^^^^
+ input.y:1.7-12: previous declaration
+ %type <ival> exp
+ ^^^^^^
+
+ or
+
+ input.y:3.20-23: error: ambiguous reference: '$exp'
+ exp: exp '+' exp { $exp = $1 + $3; };
+ ^^^^
+ input.y:3.1-3: refers to: $exp at $$
+ exp: exp '+' exp { $exp = $1 + $3; };
+ ^^^
+ input.y:3.6-8: refers to: $exp at $1
+ exp: exp '+' exp { $exp = $1 + $3; };
+ ^^^
+ input.y:3.14-16: refers to: $exp at $3
+ exp: exp '+' exp { $exp = $1 + $3; };
+ ^^^
+
+ The default behaviour for now is still not to display these unless
+ explictly asked with -fcaret (or -fall). However, in a later release, it
+ will be made the default behavior (but may still be deactivated with
+ -fno-caret).
+** New value for %define variable: api.pure full
+
+ The %define variable api.pure requests a pure (reentrant) parser. However,
+ for historical reasons, using it in a location-tracking Yacc parser
+ resulted in a yyerror function that did not take a location as a
+ parameter. With this new value, the user may request a better pure parser,
+ where yyerror does take a location as a parameter (in location-tracking
+ parsers).
+
+ The use of "%define api.pure true" is deprecated in favor of this new
+ "%define api.pure full".
+
+** New %define variable: api.location.type (glr.cc, lalr1.cc, lalr1.java)
+
+ The %define variable api.location.type defines the name of the type to use
+ for locations. When defined, Bison no longer generates the position.hh
+ and location.hh files, nor does the parser will include them: the user is
+ then responsible to define her type.
+
+ This can be used in programs with several parsers to factor their location
+ and position files: let one of them generate them, and the others just use
+ them.
+
+ This feature was actually introduced, but not documented, in Bison 2.5,
+ under the name "location_type" (which is maintained for backward
+ compatibility).
+
+ For consistency, lalr1.java's %define variables location_type and
+ position_type are deprecated in favor of api.location.type and
+ api.position.type.
+
+** Exception safety (lalr1.cc)
+
+ The parse function now catches exceptions, uses the %destructors to
+ release memory (the lookahead symbol and the symbols pushed on the stack)
+ before re-throwing the exception.
+
+ This feature is somewhat experimental. User feedback would be
+ appreciated.
+
+** Graph improvements in DOT and XSLT
+
+ The graphical presentation of the states is more readable: their shape is
+ now rectangular, the state number is clearly displayed, and the items are
+ numbered and left-justified.
+
+ The reductions are now explicitly represented as transitions to other
+ diamond shaped nodes.
+
+ These changes are present in both --graph output and xml2dot.xsl XSLT
+ processing, with minor (documented) differences.
+
+** %language is no longer an experimental feature.
+
+ The introduction of this feature, in 2.4, was four years ago. The
+ --language option and the %language directive are no longer experimental.
+
+** Documentation
+
+ The sections about shift/reduce and reduce/reduce conflicts resolution
+ have been fixed and extended.
+
+ Although introduced more than four years ago, XML and Graphviz reports
+ were not properly documented.
+
+ The translation of mid-rule actions is now described.
+
+* Noteworthy changes in release 2.6.5 (2012-11-07) [stable]
+
+ We consider compiler warnings about Bison generated parsers to be bugs.
+ Rather than working around them in your own project, please consider
+ reporting them to us.
+
+** Bug fixes
+
+ Warnings about uninitialized yylval and/or yylloc for push parsers with a
+ pure interface have been fixed for GCC 4.0 up to 4.8, and Clang 2.9 to
+ 3.2.
+
+ Other issues in the test suite have been addressed.
+
+ Nul characters are correctly displayed in error messages.
+
+ When possible, yylloc is correctly initialized before calling yylex. It
+ is no longer necessary to initialize it in the %initial-action.
+
+* Noteworthy changes in release 2.6.4 (2012-10-23) [stable]
+
+ Bison 2.6.3's --version was incorrect. This release fixes this issue.
+
+* Noteworthy changes in release 2.6.3 (2012-10-22) [stable]
+
+** Bug fixes
+
+ Bugs and portability issues in the test suite have been fixed.
+
+ Some errors in translations have been addressed, and --help now directs
+ users to the appropriate place to report them.
+
+ Stray Info files shipped by accident are removed.
+
+ Incorrect definitions of YY_, issued by yacc.c when no parser header is
+ generated, are removed.
+
+ All the generated headers are self-contained.
+
+** Header guards (yacc.c, glr.c, glr.cc)
+
+ In order to avoid collisions, the header guards are now
+ YY_<PREFIX>_<FILE>_INCLUDED, instead of merely <PREFIX>_<FILE>.
+ For instance the header generated from
+
+ %define api.prefix "calc"
+ %defines "lib/parse.h"
+
+ will use YY_CALC_LIB_PARSE_H_INCLUDED as guard.
+
+** Fix compiler warnings in the generated parser (yacc.c, glr.c)
+
+ The compilation of pure parsers (%define api.pure) can trigger GCC
+ warnings such as:
+
+ input.c: In function 'yyparse':
+ input.c:1503:12: warning: 'yylval' may be used uninitialized in this
+ function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
+ *++yyvsp = yylval;
+ ^
+
+ This is now fixed; pragmas to avoid these warnings are no longer needed.
+
+ Warnings from clang ("equality comparison with extraneous parentheses" and
+ "function declared 'noreturn' should not return") have also been
+ addressed.
+
+* Noteworthy changes in release 2.6.2 (2012-08-03) [stable]
+
+** Bug fixes
+
+ Buffer overruns, complaints from Flex, and portability issues in the test
+ suite have been fixed.
+
+** Spaces in %lex- and %parse-param (lalr1.cc, glr.cc)
+
+ Trailing end-of-lines in %parse-param or %lex-param would result in
+ invalid C++. This is fixed.
+
+** Spurious spaces and end-of-lines
+
+ The generated files no longer end (nor start) with empty lines.
* Noteworthy changes in release 2.6.1 (2012-07-30) [stable]
* Noteworthy changes in release 2.6 (2012-07-19) [stable]
-** Future changes:
+** Future changes
The next major release of Bison will drop support for the following
deprecated features. Please report disagreements to bug-bison@gnu.org.
These features are experimental in this version. More user feedback
will help to stabilize them.
+ Contributed by Alex Rozenman.
** IELR(1) and canonical LR(1):
The current Java interface is experimental and may evolve. More user
feedback will help to stabilize it.
+ Contributed by Paolo Bonzini.
** %language
Bison can now generate an XML report of the LALR(1) automaton using the new
"--xml" option. The current XML schema is experimental and may evolve. More
user feedback will help to stabilize it.
+ Contributed by Wojciech Polak.
** The grammar file may now specify the name of the parser header file using
%defines. For example:
LocalWords: Automake TMPDIR LESSEQ ylwrap endif yydebug YYTOKEN YYLSP ival hh
LocalWords: extern YYTOKENTYPE TOKENTYPE yytokentype tokentype STYPE lval pdf
LocalWords: lang yyoutput dvi html ps POSIX lvalp llocp Wother nterm arg init
- LocalWords: TOK
+ LocalWords: TOK calc yyo fval Wconflicts
Local Variables:
mode: outline
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