Add.

[bison.git] / doc / bison.texinfo

diff --git a/doc/bison.texinfo b/doc/bison.texinfo
index 5ec631080092d0f6fc09139efba406e043f5026b..29ce7b692e9a61b55460a7d3acc5934644b9cdf8 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/bison.texinfo
+++ b/doc/bison.texinfo
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ chapters follow which describe specific aspects of Bison in detail.
 
 Bison was written primarily by Robert Corbett; Richard Stallman made it
 Yacc-compatible.  Wilfred Hansen of Carnegie Mellon University added
 
 Bison was written primarily by Robert Corbett; Richard Stallman made it
 Yacc-compatible.  Wilfred Hansen of Carnegie Mellon University added

-multicharacter string literals and other features.
+multi-character string literals and other features.

 
 This edition corresponds to version @value{VERSION} of Bison.
 
 
 This edition corresponds to version @value{VERSION} of Bison.
 


@@ -1859,17 +1859,20 @@ The symbol table itself consists of a linked list of records.  Its
 definition, which is kept in the header @file{calc.h}, is as follows.  It
 provides for either functions or variables to be placed in the table.
 
 definition, which is kept in the header @file{calc.h}, is as follows.  It
 provides for either functions or variables to be placed in the table.
 

-@c FIXME: ANSIfy the prototypes for FNCTPTR etc.

 @smallexample
 @group
 @smallexample
 @group

+/* Fonctions type.                                   */
+typedef double (*func_t) (double);
+

 /* Data type for links in the chain of symbols.      */
 struct symrec
 @{
   char *name;  /* name of symbol                     */
   int type;    /* type of symbol: either VAR or FNCT */
 /* Data type for links in the chain of symbols.      */
 struct symrec
 @{
   char *name;  /* name of symbol                     */
   int type;    /* type of symbol: either VAR or FNCT */

-  union @{
-    double var;           /* value of a VAR          */
-    double (*fnctptr)();  /* value of a FNCT         */
+  union
+  @{
+    double var;                  /* value of a VAR   */
+    func_t fnctptr;              /* value of a FNCT  */

   @} value;
   struct symrec *next;    /* link field              */
 @};
   @} value;
   struct symrec *next;    /* link field              */
 @};


@@ -1881,8 +1884,8 @@ typedef struct symrec symrec;
 /* The symbol table: a chain of `struct symrec'.     */
 extern symrec *sym_table;
 
 /* The symbol table: a chain of `struct symrec'.     */
 extern symrec *sym_table;
 

-symrec *putsym ();
-symrec *getsym ();
+symrec *putsym (const char *, func_t);
+symrec *getsym (const char *);

 @end group
 @end smallexample
 
 @end group
 @end smallexample
 


@@ -1912,24 +1915,24 @@ yyerror (const char *s)  /* Called by yyparse on error */
 struct init
 @{
   char *fname;
 struct init
 @{
   char *fname;

-  double (*fnct)();
+  double (*fnct)(double);

 @};
 @end group
 
 @group
 struct init arith_fncts[] =
 @{
 @};
 @end group
 
 @group
 struct init arith_fncts[] =
 @{

-  "sin", sin,
-  "cos", cos,
+  "sin",  sin,
+  "cos",  cos,

   "atan", atan,
   "atan", atan,

-  "ln", log,
-  "exp", exp,
+  "ln",   log,
+  "exp",  exp,

   "sqrt", sqrt,
   0, 0
 @};
 
 /* The symbol table: a chain of `struct symrec'.  */
   "sqrt", sqrt,
   0, 0
 @};
 
 /* The symbol table: a chain of `struct symrec'.  */

-symrec *sym_table = (symrec *)0;
+symrec *sym_table = (symrec *) 0;

 @end group
 
 @group
 @end group
 
 @group


@@ -1987,7 +1990,7 @@ getsym (const char *sym_name)
 
 The function @code{yylex} must now recognize variables, numeric values, and
 the single-character arithmetic operators.  Strings of alphanumeric
 
 The function @code{yylex} must now recognize variables, numeric values, and
 the single-character arithmetic operators.  Strings of alphanumeric

-characters with a leading nondigit are recognized as either variables or
+characters with a leading non-digit are recognized as either variables or

 functions depending on what the symbol table says about them.
 
 The string is passed to @code{getsym} for look up in the symbol table.  If
 functions depending on what the symbol table says about them.
 
 The string is passed to @code{getsym} for look up in the symbol table.  If


@@ -2270,7 +2273,7 @@ for @code{yylex}}).
 A @dfn{literal string token} is written like a C string constant; for
 example, @code{"<="} is a literal string token.  A literal string token
 doesn't need to be declared unless you need to specify its semantic
 A @dfn{literal string token} is written like a C string constant; for
 example, @code{"<="} is a literal string token.  A literal string token
 doesn't need to be declared unless you need to specify its semantic

-value data type (@pxref{Value Type}), associativity, precedence
+value data type (@pxref{Value Type}), associativity, or precedence

 (@pxref{Precedence}).
 
 You can associate the literal string token with a symbolic name as an
 (@pxref{Precedence}).
 
 You can associate the literal string token with a symbolic name as an


@@ -2544,10 +2547,11 @@ Specify the entire collection of possible data types, with the
 @code{%union} Bison declaration (@pxref{Union Decl, ,The Collection of Value Types}).
 
 @item
 @code{%union} Bison declaration (@pxref{Union Decl, ,The Collection of Value Types}).
 
 @item

-Choose one of those types for each symbol (terminal or nonterminal)
-for which semantic values are used.  This is done for tokens with the
-@code{%token} Bison declaration (@pxref{Token Decl, ,Token Type Names}) and for groupings
-with the @code{%type} Bison declaration (@pxref{Type Decl, ,Nonterminal Symbols}).
+Choose one of those types for each symbol (terminal or nonterminal) for
+which semantic values are used.  This is done for tokens with the
+@code{%token} Bison declaration (@pxref{Token Decl, ,Token Type Names})
+and for groupings with the @code{%type} Bison declaration (@pxref{Type
+Decl, ,Nonterminal Symbols}).

 @end itemize
 
 @node Actions, Action Types, Multiple Types, Semantics
 @end itemize
 
 @node Actions, Action Types, Multiple Types, Semantics


@@ -2879,9 +2883,10 @@ Bison will convert this into a @code{#define} directive in
 the parser, so that the function @code{yylex} (if it is in this file)
 can use the name @var{name} to stand for this token type's code.
 
 the parser, so that the function @code{yylex} (if it is in this file)
 can use the name @var{name} to stand for this token type's code.
 

-Alternatively, you can use @code{%left}, @code{%right}, or @code{%nonassoc}
-instead of @code{%token}, if you wish to specify associativity and precedence.
-@xref{Precedence Decl, ,Operator Precedence}.
+Alternatively, you can use @code{%left}, @code{%right}, or
+@code{%nonassoc} instead of @code{%token}, if you wish to specify
+associativity and precedence.  @xref{Precedence Decl, ,Operator
+Precedence}.

 
 You can explicitly specify the numeric code for a token type by appending
 an integer value in the field immediately following the token name:
 
 You can explicitly specify the numeric code for a token type by appending
 an integer value in the field immediately following the token name:


@@ -3114,8 +3119,8 @@ may override this restriction with the @code{%start} declaration as follows:
 A @dfn{reentrant} program is one which does not alter in the course of
 execution; in other words, it consists entirely of @dfn{pure} (read-only)
 code.  Reentrancy is important whenever asynchronous execution is possible;
 A @dfn{reentrant} program is one which does not alter in the course of
 execution; in other words, it consists entirely of @dfn{pure} (read-only)
 code.  Reentrancy is important whenever asynchronous execution is possible;

-for example, a nonreentrant program may not be safe to call from a signal
-handler.  In systems with multiple threads of control, a nonreentrant
+for example, a non-reentrant program may not be safe to call from a signal
+handler.  In systems with multiple threads of control, a non-reentrant

 program must be called only within interlocks.
 
 Normally, Bison generates a parser which is not reentrant.  This is
 program must be called only within interlocks.
 
 Normally, Bison generates a parser which is not reentrant.  This is


@@ -3180,14 +3185,37 @@ Declare the type of semantic values for a nonterminal symbol
 (@pxref{Type Decl, ,Nonterminal Symbols}).
 
 @item %start
 (@pxref{Type Decl, ,Nonterminal Symbols}).
 
 @item %start

-Specify the grammar's start symbol (@pxref{Start Decl, ,The Start-Symbol}).
+Specify the grammar's start symbol (@pxref{Start Decl, ,The
+Start-Symbol}).

 
 @item %expect
 Declare the expected number of shift-reduce conflicts
 (@pxref{Expect Decl, ,Suppressing Conflict Warnings}).
 
 
 @item %expect
 Declare the expected number of shift-reduce conflicts
 (@pxref{Expect Decl, ,Suppressing Conflict Warnings}).
 

+@item %yacc
+@itemx %fixed_output_files
+Pretend the option @option{--yacc} was given, i.e., imitate Yacc,
+including its naming conventions.  @xref{Bison Options}, for more.
+
+@item %locations
+Generate the code processing the locations (@pxref{Action Features,
+,Special Features for Use in Actions}).  This mode is enabled as soon as
+the grammar uses the special @samp{@@@var{n}} tokens, but if your
+grammar does not use it, using @samp{%locations} allows for more
+accurate parse error messages.
+

 @item %pure_parser
 @item %pure_parser

-Request a pure (reentrant) parser program (@pxref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure (Reentrant) Parser}).
+Request a pure (reentrant) parser program (@pxref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure
+(Reentrant) Parser}).
+
+@item %no_parser
+Do not include any C code in the parser file; generate tables only.  The
+parser file contains just @code{#define} directives and static variable
+declarations.
+
+This option also tells Bison to write the C code for the grammar actions
+into a file named @file{@var{filename}.act}, in the form of a
+brace-surrounded body fit for a @code{switch} statement.

 
 @item %no_lines
 Don't generate any @code{#line} preprocessor commands in the parser
 
 @item %no_lines
 Don't generate any @code{#line} preprocessor commands in the parser


@@ -3197,12 +3225,38 @@ your source file (the grammar file).  This directive causes them to
 associate errors with the parser file, treating it an independent source
 file in its own right.
 
 associate errors with the parser file, treating it an independent source
 file in its own right.
 

-@item %raw
-The output file @file{@var{name}.h} normally defines the tokens with
-Yacc-compatible token numbers.  If this option is specified, the
-internal Bison numbers are used instead.  (Yacc-compatible numbers start
-at 257 except for single-character tokens; Bison assigns token numbers
-sequentially for all tokens starting at 3.)
+@item %debug
+Output a definition of the macro @code{YYDEBUG} into the parser file, so
+that the debugging facilities are compiled.  @xref{Debugging, ,Debugging
+Your Parser}.
+
+@item %defines
+Write an extra output file containing macro definitions for the token
+type names defined in the grammar and the semantic value type
+@code{YYSTYPE}, as well as a few @code{extern} variable declarations.
+
+If the parser output file is named @file{@var{name}.c} then this file
+is named @file{@var{name}.h}.@refill
+
+This output file is essential if you wish to put the definition of
+@code{yylex} in a separate source file, because @code{yylex} needs to
+be able to refer to token type codes and the variable
+@code{yylval}.  @xref{Token Values, ,Semantic Values of Tokens}.@refill
+
+@item %verbose
+Write an extra output file containing verbose descriptions of the
+parser states and what is done for each type of look-ahead token in
+that state.
+
+This file also describes all the conflicts, both those resolved by
+operator precedence and the unresolved ones.
+
+The file's name is made by removing @samp{.tab.c} or @samp{.c} from
+the parser output file name, and adding @samp{.output} instead.@refill
+
+Therefore, if the input file is @file{foo.y}, then the parser file is
+called @file{foo.tab.c} by default.  As a consequence, the verbose
+output file is called @file{foo.output}.@refill

 
 @item %token_table
 Generate an array of token names in the parser file.  The name of the
 
 @item %token_table
 Generate an array of token names in the parser file.  The name of the


@@ -3297,8 +3351,8 @@ C code in the grammar file, you are likely to run into trouble.
 You call the function @code{yyparse} to cause parsing to occur.  This
 function reads tokens, executes actions, and ultimately returns when it
 encounters end-of-input or an unrecoverable syntax error.  You can also
 You call the function @code{yyparse} to cause parsing to occur.  This
 function reads tokens, executes actions, and ultimately returns when it
 encounters end-of-input or an unrecoverable syntax error.  You can also

-write an action which directs @code{yyparse} to return immediately without
-reading further.
+write an action which directs @code{yyparse} to return immediately
+without reading further.

 
 The value returned by @code{yyparse} is 0 if parsing was successful (return
 is due to end-of-input).
 
 The value returned by @code{yyparse} is 0 if parsing was successful (return
 is due to end-of-input).


@@ -3428,7 +3482,7 @@ The @code{yytname} table is generated only if you use the
 @subsection Semantic Values of Tokens
 
 @vindex yylval
 @subsection Semantic Values of Tokens
 
 @vindex yylval

-In an ordinary (nonreentrant) parser, the semantic value of the token must
+In an ordinary (non-reentrant) parser, the semantic value of the token must

 be stored into the global variable @code{yylval}.  When you are using
 just one data type for semantic values, @code{yylval} has that type.
 Thus, if the type is @code{int} (the default), you might write this in
 be stored into the global variable @code{yylval}.  When you are using
 just one data type for semantic values, @code{yylval} has that type.
 Thus, if the type is @code{int} (the default), you might write this in


@@ -3474,16 +3528,17 @@ then the code in @code{yylex} might look like this:
 @subsection Textual Positions of Tokens
 
 @vindex yylloc
 @subsection Textual Positions of Tokens
 
 @vindex yylloc

-If you are using the @samp{@@@var{n}}-feature (@pxref{Action Features, ,Special Features for Use in Actions}) in
-actions to keep track of the textual locations of tokens and groupings,
-then you must provide this information in @code{yylex}.  The function
-@code{yyparse} expects to find the textual location of a token just parsed
-in the global variable @code{yylloc}.  So @code{yylex} must store the
-proper data in that variable.  The value of @code{yylloc} is a structure
-and you need only initialize the members that are going to be used by the
-actions.  The four members are called @code{first_line},
-@code{first_column}, @code{last_line} and @code{last_column}.  Note that
-the use of this feature makes the parser noticeably slower.
+If you are using the @samp{@@@var{n}}-feature (@pxref{Action Features,
+,Special Features for Use in Actions}) in actions to keep track of the
+textual locations of tokens and groupings, then you must provide this
+information in @code{yylex}.  The function @code{yyparse} expects to
+find the textual location of a token just parsed in the global variable
+@code{yylloc}.  So @code{yylex} must store the proper data in that
+variable.  The value of @code{yylloc} is a structure and you need only
+initialize the members that are going to be used by the actions.  The
+four members are called @code{first_line}, @code{first_column},
+@code{last_line} and @code{last_column}.  Note that the use of this
+feature makes the parser noticeably slower.

 
 @tindex YYLTYPE
 The data type of @code{yylloc} has the name @code{YYLTYPE}.
 
 @tindex YYLTYPE
 The data type of @code{yylloc} has the name @code{YYLTYPE}.


@@ -4014,33 +4069,33 @@ expr:     expr '-' expr
 
 @noindent
 Suppose the parser has seen the tokens @samp{1}, @samp{-} and @samp{2};
 
 @noindent
 Suppose the parser has seen the tokens @samp{1}, @samp{-} and @samp{2};

-should it reduce them via the rule for the subtraction operator?  It depends
-on the next token.  Of course, if the next token is @samp{)}, we must
-reduce; shifting is invalid because no single rule can reduce the token
-sequence @w{@samp{- 2 )}} or anything starting with that.  But if the next
-token is @samp{*} or @samp{<}, we have a choice: either shifting or
-reduction would allow the parse to complete, but with different
-results.
-
-To decide which one Bison should do, we must consider the
-results.  If the next operator token @var{op} is shifted, then it
-must be reduced first in order to permit another opportunity to
-reduce the difference.  The result is (in effect) @w{@samp{1 - (2
-@var{op} 3)}}.  On the other hand, if the subtraction is reduced
-before shifting @var{op}, the result is @w{@samp{(1 - 2) @var{op}
-3}}.  Clearly, then, the choice of shift or reduce should depend
-on the relative precedence of the operators @samp{-} and
-@var{op}: @samp{*} should be shifted first, but not @samp{<}.
+should it reduce them via the rule for the subtraction operator?  It
+depends on the next token.  Of course, if the next token is @samp{)}, we
+must reduce; shifting is invalid because no single rule can reduce the
+token sequence @w{@samp{- 2 )}} or anything starting with that.  But if
+the next token is @samp{*} or @samp{<}, we have a choice: either
+shifting or reduction would allow the parse to complete, but with
+different results.
+
+To decide which one Bison should do, we must consider the results.  If
+the next operator token @var{op} is shifted, then it must be reduced
+first in order to permit another opportunity to reduce the difference.
+The result is (in effect) @w{@samp{1 - (2 @var{op} 3)}}.  On the other
+hand, if the subtraction is reduced before shifting @var{op}, the result
+is @w{@samp{(1 - 2) @var{op} 3}}.  Clearly, then, the choice of shift or
+reduce should depend on the relative precedence of the operators
+@samp{-} and @var{op}: @samp{*} should be shifted first, but not
+@samp{<}.

 
 @cindex associativity
 What about input such as @w{@samp{1 - 2 - 5}}; should this be
 
 @cindex associativity
 What about input such as @w{@samp{1 - 2 - 5}}; should this be

-@w{@samp{(1 - 2) - 5}} or should it be @w{@samp{1 - (2 - 5)}}?  For
-most operators we prefer the former, which is called @dfn{left
-association}.  The latter alternative, @dfn{right association}, is
-desirable for assignment operators.  The choice of left or right
-association is a matter of whether the parser chooses to shift or
-reduce when the stack contains @w{@samp{1 - 2}} and the look-ahead
-token is @samp{-}: shifting makes right-associativity.
+@w{@samp{(1 - 2) - 5}} or should it be @w{@samp{1 - (2 - 5)}}?  For most
+operators we prefer the former, which is called @dfn{left association}.
+The latter alternative, @dfn{right association}, is desirable for
+assignment operators.  The choice of left or right association is a
+matter of whether the parser chooses to shift or reduce when the stack
+contains @w{@samp{1 - 2}} and the look-ahead token is @samp{-}: shifting
+makes right-associativity.

 
 @node Using Precedence, Precedence Examples, Why Precedence, Precedence
 @subsection Specifying Operator Precedence
 
 @node Using Precedence, Precedence Examples, Why Precedence, Precedence
 @subsection Specifying Operator Precedence


@@ -4632,10 +4687,10 @@ Unfortunately, the name being declared is separated from the declaration
 construct itself by a complicated syntactic structure---the ``declarator''.
 
 As a result, part of the Bison parser for C needs to be duplicated, with
 construct itself by a complicated syntactic structure---the ``declarator''.
 
 As a result, part of the Bison parser for C needs to be duplicated, with

-all the nonterminal names changed: once for parsing a declaration in which
-a typedef name can be redefined, and once for parsing a declaration in
-which that can't be done.  Here is a part of the duplication, with actions
-omitted for brevity:
+all the nonterminal names changed: once for parsing a declaration in
+which a typedef name can be redefined, and once for parsing a
+declaration in which that can't be done.  Here is a part of the
+duplication, with actions omitted for brevity:

 
 @example
 initdcl:
 
 @example
 initdcl:


@@ -4894,50 +4949,50 @@ Here is a list of options that can be used with Bison, alphabetized by
 short option.  It is followed by a cross key alphabetized by long
 option.
 
 short option.  It is followed by a cross key alphabetized by long
 option.
 

-@table @samp
-@item -b @var{file-prefix}
-@itemx --file-prefix=@var{prefix}
-Specify a prefix to use for all Bison output file names.  The names are
-chosen as if the input file were named @file{@var{prefix}.c}.
-
-@item -d
-@itemx --defines
-Write an extra output file containing macro definitions for the token
-type names defined in the grammar and the semantic value type
-@code{YYSTYPE}, as well as a few @code{extern} variable declarations.
+@c Please, keep this ordered as in `bison --help'.
+@noindent
+Operations modes:
+@table @option
+@item -h
+@itemx --help
+Print a summary of the command-line options to Bison and exit.

 
 

-If the parser output file is named @file{@var{name}.c} then this file
-is named @file{@var{name}.h}.@refill
+@item -V
+@itemx --version
+Print the version number of Bison and exit.

 
 

-This output file is essential if you wish to put the definition of
-@code{yylex} in a separate source file, because @code{yylex} needs to
-be able to refer to token type codes and the variable
-@code{yylval}.  @xref{Token Values, ,Semantic Values of Tokens}.@refill
+@need 1750
+@item -y
+@itemx --yacc
+@itemx --fixed-output-files
+Equivalent to @samp{-o y.tab.c}; the parser output file is called
+@file{y.tab.c}, and the other outputs are called @file{y.output} and
+@file{y.tab.h}.  The purpose of this option is to imitate Yacc's output
+file name conventions.  Thus, the following shell script can substitute
+for Yacc:@refill

 
 

-@item -l
-@itemx --no-lines
-Don't put any @code{#line} preprocessor commands in the parser file.
-Ordinarily Bison puts them in the parser file so that the C compiler
-and debuggers will associate errors with your source file, the
-grammar file.  This option causes them to associate errors with the
-parser file, treating it as an independent source file in its own right.
+@example
+bison -y $*
+@end example
+@end table

 
 

-@item -n
-@itemx --no-parser
-Do not include any C code in the parser file; generate tables only.  The
-parser file contains just @code{#define} directives and static variable
-declarations.
+@noindent
+Tuning the parser:

 
 

-This option also tells Bison to write the C code for the grammar actions
-into a file named @file{@var{filename}.act}, in the form of a
-brace-surrounded body fit for a @code{switch} statement.
+@table @option
+@item -S @var{file}
+@itemx --skeleton=@var{file}
+Specify the skeleton to use.  You probably don't need this option unless
+you are developing Bison.

 
 

-@item -o @var{outfile}
-@itemx --output-file=@var{outfile}
-Specify the name @var{outfile} for the parser file.
+@item -t
+@itemx --debug
+Output a definition of the macro @code{YYDEBUG} into the parser file, so
+that the debugging facilities are compiled.  @xref{Debugging, ,Debugging
+Your Parser}.

 
 

-The other output files' names are constructed from @var{outfile}
-as described under the @samp{-v} and @samp{-d} options.
+@item --locations
+Pretend that @code{%locactions} was specified.  @xref{Decl Summary}.

 
 @item -p @var{prefix}
 @itemx --name-prefix=@var{prefix}
 
 @item -p @var{prefix}
 @itemx --name-prefix=@var{prefix}


@@ -4951,52 +5006,51 @@ For example, if you use @samp{-p c}, the names become @code{cparse},
 
 @xref{Multiple Parsers, ,Multiple Parsers in the Same Program}.
 
 
 @xref{Multiple Parsers, ,Multiple Parsers in the Same Program}.
 

-@item -r
-@itemx --raw
-Pretend that @code{%raw} was specified.  @xref{Decl Summary}.
-
-@item -t
-@itemx --debug
-Output a definition of the macro @code{YYDEBUG} into the parser file,
-so that the debugging facilities are compiled.  @xref{Debugging, ,Debugging Your Parser}.
+@item -l
+@itemx --no-lines
+Don't put any @code{#line} preprocessor commands in the parser file.
+Ordinarily Bison puts them in the parser file so that the C compiler
+and debuggers will associate errors with your source file, the
+grammar file.  This option causes them to associate errors with the
+parser file, treating it as an independent source file in its own right.

 
 

-@item -v
-@itemx --verbose
-Write an extra output file containing verbose descriptions of the
-parser states and what is done for each type of look-ahead token in
-that state.
+@item -n
+@itemx --no-parser
+Pretend that @code{%no_parser} was specified.  @xref{Decl Summary}.

 
 

-This file also describes all the conflicts, both those resolved by
-operator precedence and the unresolved ones.
+@item -k
+@itemx --token-table
+Pretend that @code{%token_table} was specified.  @xref{Decl Summary}.
+@end table

 
 

-The file's name is made by removing @samp{.tab.c} or @samp{.c} from
-the parser output file name, and adding @samp{.output} instead.@refill
+@noindent
+Adjust the output:

 
 

-Therefore, if the input file is @file{foo.y}, then the parser file is
-called @file{foo.tab.c} by default.  As a consequence, the verbose
-output file is called @file{foo.output}.@refill
+@table @option
+@item -d
+@itemx --defines
+Pretend that @code{%verbose} was specified, i.e., write an extra output
+file containing macro definitions for the token type names defined in
+the grammar and the semantic value type @code{YYSTYPE}, as well as a few
+@code{extern} variable declarations.  @xref{Decl Summary}.

 
 

-@item -V
-@itemx --version
-Print the version number of Bison and exit.
+@item -b @var{file-prefix}
+@itemx --file-prefix=@var{prefix}
+Specify a prefix to use for all Bison output file names.  The names are
+chosen as if the input file were named @file{@var{prefix}.c}.

 
 

-@item -h
-@itemx --help
-Print a summary of the command-line options to Bison and exit.
+@item -v
+@itemx --verbose
+Pretend that @code{%verbose} was specified, i.e, write an extra output
+file containing verbose descriptions of the grammar and
+parser. @xref{Decl Summary}, for more.

 
 

-@need 1750
-@item -y
-@itemx --yacc
-@itemx --fixed-output-files
-Equivalent to @samp{-o y.tab.c}; the parser output file is called
-@file{y.tab.c}, and the other outputs are called @file{y.output} and
-@file{y.tab.h}.  The purpose of this option is to imitate Yacc's output
-file name conventions.  Thus, the following shell script can substitute
-for Yacc:@refill
+@item -o @var{outfile}
+@itemx --output-file=@var{outfile}
+Specify the name @var{outfile} for the parser file.

 
 

-@example
-bison -y $*
-@end example
+The other output files' names are constructed from @var{outfile}
+as described under the @samp{-v} and @samp{-d} options.

 @end table
 
 @node Environment Variables, Option Cross Key, Bison Options, Invocation
 @end table
 
 @node Environment Variables, Option Cross Key, Bison Options, Invocation


@@ -5043,7 +5097,6 @@ the corresponding short option.
 \line{ --no-lines \leaderfill -l}
 \line{ --no-parser \leaderfill -n}
 \line{ --output-file \leaderfill -o}
 \line{ --no-lines \leaderfill -l}
 \line{ --no-parser \leaderfill -n}
 \line{ --output-file \leaderfill -o}

-\line{ --raw \leaderfill -r}

 \line{ --token-table \leaderfill -k}
 \line{ --verbose \leaderfill -v}
 \line{ --version \leaderfill -V}
 \line{ --token-table \leaderfill -k}
 \line{ --verbose \leaderfill -v}
 \line{ --version \leaderfill -V}


@@ -5062,7 +5115,6 @@ the corresponding short option.
 --no-lines                            -l
 --no-parser                           -n
 --output-file=@var{outfile}                 -o @var{outfile}
 --no-lines                            -l
 --no-parser                           -n
 --output-file=@var{outfile}                 -o @var{outfile}

---raw                                 -r

 --token-table                         -k
 --verbose                             -v
 --version                             -V
 --token-table                         -k
 --verbose                             -v
 --version                             -V


@@ -5223,6 +5275,13 @@ Global variable which Bison increments each time there is a parse error.
 The parser function produced by Bison; call this function to start
 parsing.  @xref{Parser Function, ,The Parser Function @code{yyparse}}.
 
 The parser function produced by Bison; call this function to start
 parsing.  @xref{Parser Function, ,The Parser Function @code{yyparse}}.
 

+@item %debug
+Equip the parser for debugging.  @xref{Decl Summary}.
+
+@item %defines
+Bison declaration to create a header file meant for the scanner.
+@xref{Decl Summary}.
+

 @item %left
 Bison declaration to assign left associativity to token(s).
 @xref{Precedence Decl, ,Operator Precedence}.
 @item %left
 Bison declaration to assign left associativity to token(s).
 @xref{Precedence Decl, ,Operator Precedence}.


@@ -5232,7 +5291,7 @@ Bison declaration to avoid generating @code{#line} directives in the
 parser file.  @xref{Decl Summary}.
 
 @item %nonassoc
 parser file.  @xref{Decl Summary}.
 
 @item %nonassoc

-Bison declaration to assign nonassociativity to token(s).
+Bison declaration to assign non-associativity to token(s).

 @xref{Precedence Decl, ,Operator Precedence}.
 
 @item %prec
 @xref{Precedence Decl, ,Operator Precedence}.
 
 @item %prec


@@ -5243,11 +5302,6 @@ Bison declaration to assign a precedence to a specific rule.
 Bison declaration to request a pure (reentrant) parser.
 @xref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure (Reentrant) Parser}.
 
 Bison declaration to request a pure (reentrant) parser.
 @xref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure (Reentrant) Parser}.
 

-@item %raw
-Bison declaration to use Bison internal token code numbers in token
-tables instead of the usual Yacc-compatible token code numbers.
-@xref{Decl Summary}.
-

 @item %right
 Bison declaration to assign right associativity to token(s).
 @xref{Precedence Decl, ,Operator Precedence}.
 @item %right
 Bison declaration to assign right associativity to token(s).
 @xref{Precedence Decl, ,Operator Precedence}.


@@ -5280,15 +5334,17 @@ Bison declarations section or the additional C code section.
 @xref{Grammar Layout, ,The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar}.
 
 @item %@{ %@}
 @xref{Grammar Layout, ,The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar}.
 
 @item %@{ %@}

-All code listed between @samp{%@{} and @samp{%@}} is copied directly
-to the output file uninterpreted.  Such code forms the ``C
-declarations'' section of the input file.  @xref{Grammar Outline, ,Outline of a Bison Grammar}.
+All code listed between @samp{%@{} and @samp{%@}} is copied directly to
+the output file uninterpreted.  Such code forms the ``C declarations''
+section of the input file.  @xref{Grammar Outline, ,Outline of a Bison
+Grammar}.

 
 @item /*@dots{}*/
 Comment delimiters, as in C.
 
 @item :
 
 @item /*@dots{}*/
 Comment delimiters, as in C.
 
 @item :

-Separates a rule's result from its components.  @xref{Rules, ,Syntax of Grammar Rules}.
+Separates a rule's result from its components.  @xref{Rules, ,Syntax of
+Grammar Rules}.

 
 @item ;
 Terminates a rule.  @xref{Rules, ,Syntax of Grammar Rules}.
 
 @item ;
 Terminates a rule.  @xref{Rules, ,Syntax of Grammar Rules}.


@@ -5305,13 +5361,15 @@ Separates alternate rules for the same result nonterminal.
 @table @asis
 @item Backus-Naur Form (BNF)
 Formal method of specifying context-free grammars.  BNF was first used
 @table @asis
 @item Backus-Naur Form (BNF)
 Formal method of specifying context-free grammars.  BNF was first used

-in the @cite{ALGOL-60} report, 1963.  @xref{Language and Grammar, ,Languages and Context-Free Grammars}.
+in the @cite{ALGOL-60} report, 1963.  @xref{Language and Grammar,
+,Languages and Context-Free Grammars}.

 
 @item Context-free grammars
 Grammars specified as rules that can be applied regardless of context.
 Thus, if there is a rule which says that an integer can be used as an
 expression, integers are allowed @emph{anywhere} an expression is
 
 @item Context-free grammars
 Grammars specified as rules that can be applied regardless of context.
 Thus, if there is a rule which says that an integer can be used as an
 expression, integers are allowed @emph{anywhere} an expression is

-permitted.  @xref{Language and Grammar, ,Languages and Context-Free Grammars}.
+permitted.  @xref{Language and Grammar, ,Languages and Context-Free
+Grammars}.

 
 @item Dynamic allocation
 Allocation of memory that occurs during execution, rather than at
 
 @item Dynamic allocation
 Allocation of memory that occurs during execution, rather than at


@@ -5352,8 +5410,9 @@ Operators having left associativity are analyzed from left to right:
 @samp{c}.  @xref{Precedence, ,Operator Precedence}.
 
 @item Left recursion
 @samp{c}.  @xref{Precedence, ,Operator Precedence}.
 
 @item Left recursion

-A rule whose result symbol is also its first component symbol;
-for example, @samp{expseq1 : expseq1 ',' exp;}.  @xref{Recursion, ,Recursive Rules}.
+A rule whose result symbol is also its first component symbol; for
+example, @samp{expseq1 : expseq1 ',' exp;}.  @xref{Recursion, ,Recursive
+Rules}.

 
 @item Left-to-right parsing
 Parsing a sentence of a language by analyzing it token by token from
 
 @item Left-to-right parsing
 Parsing a sentence of a language by analyzing it token by token from


@@ -5368,11 +5427,11 @@ A flag, set by actions in the grammar rules, which alters the way
 tokens are parsed.  @xref{Lexical Tie-ins}.
 
 @item Literal string token
 tokens are parsed.  @xref{Lexical Tie-ins}.
 
 @item Literal string token

-A token which consists of two or more fixed characters.
-@xref{Symbols}.
+A token which consists of two or more fixed characters.  @xref{Symbols}.

 
 @item Look-ahead token
 
 @item Look-ahead token

-A token already read but not yet shifted.  @xref{Look-Ahead, ,Look-Ahead Tokens}.
+A token already read but not yet shifted.  @xref{Look-Ahead, ,Look-Ahead
+Tokens}.

 
 @item LALR(1)
 The class of context-free grammars that Bison (like most other parser
 
 @item LALR(1)
 The class of context-free grammars that Bison (like most other parser


@@ -5403,7 +5462,8 @@ performs some operation.
 
 @item Reduction
 Replacing a string of nonterminals and/or terminals with a single
 
 @item Reduction
 Replacing a string of nonterminals and/or terminals with a single

-nonterminal, according to a grammar rule.  @xref{Algorithm, ,The Bison Parser Algorithm }.
+nonterminal, according to a grammar rule.  @xref{Algorithm, ,The Bison
+Parser Algorithm }.

 
 @item Reentrant
 A reentrant subprogram is a subprogram which can be in invoked any
 
 @item Reentrant
 A reentrant subprogram is a subprogram which can be in invoked any


@@ -5414,8 +5474,9 @@ invocations.  @xref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure (Reentrant) Parser}.
 A language in which all operators are postfix operators.
 
 @item Right recursion
 A language in which all operators are postfix operators.
 
 @item Right recursion

-A rule whose result symbol is also its last component symbol;
-for example, @samp{expseq1: exp ',' expseq1;}.  @xref{Recursion, ,Recursive Rules}.
+A rule whose result symbol is also its last component symbol; for
+example, @samp{expseq1: exp ',' expseq1;}.  @xref{Recursion, ,Recursive
+Rules}.

 
 @item Semantics
 In computer languages, the semantics are specified by the actions
 
 @item Semantics
 In computer languages, the semantics are specified by the actions


@@ -5449,9 +5510,9 @@ The input of the Bison parser is a stream of tokens which comes from
 the lexical analyzer.  @xref{Symbols}.
 
 @item Terminal symbol
 the lexical analyzer.  @xref{Symbols}.
 
 @item Terminal symbol

-A grammar symbol that has no rules in the grammar and therefore
-is grammatically indivisible.  The piece of text it represents
-is a token.  @xref{Language and Grammar, ,Languages and Context-Free Grammars}.
+A grammar symbol that has no rules in the grammar and therefore is
+grammatically indivisible.  The piece of text it represents is a token.
+@xref{Language and Grammar, ,Languages and Context-Free Grammars}.

 @end table
 
 @node Index,  , Glossary, Top
 @end table
 
 @node Index,  , Glossary, Top