/* Parse command line arguments for Bison.
- Copyright (C) 1984, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
- 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 1984, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2000-2013 Free Software
+ Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
#include <c-strcase.h>
#include <configmake.h>
#include <error.h>
-#include <quotearg.h>
-
-/* Hack to get <getopt.h> to declare getopt with a prototype. */
-#if lint && ! defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
-# define __GNU_LIBRARY__
-# define HACK_FOR___GNU_LIBRARY___PROTOTYPE 1
-#endif
-
#include <getopt.h>
-
-#ifdef HACK_FOR___GNU_LIBRARY___PROTOTYPE
-# undef __GNU_LIBRARY__
-# undef HACK_FOR___GNU_LIBRARY___PROTOTYPE
-#endif
+#include <progname.h>
#include "complain.h"
#include "files.h"
#include "getargs.h"
-#include "muscle_tab.h"
+#include "muscle-tab.h"
+#include "quote.h"
#include "uniqstr.h"
-bool debug_flag;
bool defines_flag;
bool graph_flag;
bool xml_flag;
-bool locations_flag;
bool no_lines_flag;
bool token_table_flag;
-bool yacc_flag; /* for -y */
-
-bool error_verbose = false;
+bool yacc_flag; /* for -y */
bool nondeterministic_parser = false;
bool glr_parser = false;
+int feature_flag = feature_caret;
int report_flag = report_none;
int trace_flag = trace_none;
-int warnings_flag = warnings_none;
static struct bison_language const valid_languages[] = {
{ "c", "c-skel.m4", ".c", ".h", true },
struct bison_language const *language = &valid_languages[0];
const char *include = NULL;
-char *program_name;
+/** Decode an option's key.
+ *
+ * \param option option being decoded.
+ * \param keys array of valid subarguments.
+ * \param values array of corresponding (int) values.
+ * \param all the all value.
+ * \param flags the flags to update
+ * \param arg the subarguments to decode.
+ * If null, then activate all the flags.
+ * \param no length of the potential "no-" prefix.
+ * Can be 0 or 3. If 3, negate the action of the subargument.
+ *
+ * If VALUE != 0 then KEY sets flags and no-KEY clears them.
+ * If VALUE == 0 then KEY clears all flags from \c all and no-KEY sets all
+ * flags from \c all. Thus no-none = all and no-all = none.
+ */
+static void
+flag_argmatch (const char *option,
+ const char * const keys[], const int values[],
+ int all, int *flags, char *arg, size_t no)
+{
+ int value = 0;
+ value = XARGMATCH (option, arg + no, keys, values);
+ if (value)
+ {
+ if (no)
+ *flags &= ~value;
+ else
+ *flags |= value;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (no)
+ *flags |= all;
+ else
+ *flags &= ~all;
+ }
+}
/** Decode an option's set of keys.
*
* \param option option being decoded.
* \param keys array of valid subarguments.
* \param values array of corresponding (int) values.
+ * \param all the all value.
* \param flags the flags to update
- * \param args colon separated list of effective subarguments to decode.
+ * \param args comma separated list of effective subarguments to decode.
* If 0, then activate all the flags.
- *
- * The special value 0 resets the flags to 0.
*/
static void
flags_argmatch (const char *option,
- const char * const keys[], const int values[],
- int *flags, char *args)
+ const char * const keys[], const int values[],
+ int all, int *flags, char *args)
{
if (args)
- {
- args = strtok (args, ",");
- while (args)
- {
- int value = XARGMATCH (option, args, keys, values);
- if (value == 0)
- *flags = 0;
- else
- *flags |= value;
- args = strtok (NULL, ",");
- }
- }
+ for (args = strtok (args, ","); args; args = strtok (NULL, ","))
+ {
+ size_t no = STRPREFIX_LIT ("no-", args) ? 3 : 0;
+ flag_argmatch (option, keys,
+ values, all, flags, args, no);
+ }
else
- *flags = ~0;
+ *flags |= all;
}
+
/** Decode a set of sub arguments.
*
* \param FlagName the flag familly to update.
* \param Args the effective sub arguments to decode.
+ * \param All the "all" value.
*
* \arg FlagName_args the list of keys.
* \arg FlagName_types the list of values.
* \arg FlagName_flag the flag to update.
*/
-#define FLAGS_ARGMATCH(FlagName, Args) \
+#define FLAGS_ARGMATCH(FlagName, Args, All) \
flags_argmatch ("--" #FlagName, FlagName ## _args, FlagName ## _types, \
- &FlagName ## _flag, Args)
+ All, &FlagName ## _flag, Args)
/*----------------------.
static const char * const trace_args[] =
{
- /* In a series of synonyms, present the most meaningful first, so
- that argmatch_valid be more readable. */
"none - no traces",
"scan - grammar scanner traces",
"parse - grammar parser traces",
"m4 - m4 traces",
"skeleton - skeleton postprocessing",
"time - time consumption",
+ "ielr - IELR conversion",
"all - all of the above",
0
};
trace_m4,
trace_skeleton,
trace_time,
+ trace_ielr,
trace_all
};
| --warnings's handling. |
`------------------------*/
-static const char * const warnings_args[] =
+/** Decode a single argument from -W.
+ *
+ * \param flags the flags to update
+ * \param arg the subarguments to decode.
+ * If null, then activate all the flags.
+ * \param no length of the potential "no-" prefix.
+ * Can be 0 or 3. If 3, negate the action of the subargument.
+ * \param err length of a potential "error=".
+ * Can be 0 or 5. If 5, treat the subargument as a CATEGORY.
+ *
+ * If VALUE != 0 then KEY sets flags and no-KEY clears them.
+ * If VALUE == 0 then KEY clears all flags from \c all and no-KEY sets all
+ * flags from \c all. Thus no-none = all and no-all = none.
+ */
+static void
+warning_argmatch (int *flags, char *arg, size_t no, size_t err)
{
- /* In a series of synonyms, present the most meaningful first, so
- that argmatch_valid be more readable. */
- "none - no warnings",
- "midrule-values - unset or unused midrule values",
- "yacc - incompatibilities with POSIX YACC",
- "all - all of the above",
- "error - warnings are errors",
+ int value = 0;
+ if (!err || arg[no + err++] != '\0')
+ value = XARGMATCH ("--warning", arg + no + err,
+ warnings_args, warnings_types);
+
+ if (value)
+ {
+ if (no)
+ *flags &= ~value;
+ else
+ {
+ if (err)
+ warnings_flag |= value;
+ *flags |= value;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* With a simpler 'if (no)' version, -Werror means -Werror=all
+ (or rather, -Werror=no-none, but that syntax is invalid).
+ The difference is:
+ - Werror activates all errors, but not the warnings
+ - Werror=all activates errors, and all warnings */
+ if (no ? !err : err)
+ *flags |= Wall;
+ else
+ *flags &= ~Wall;
+ }
+}
+
+/** Decode a comma-separated list of arguments from -W.
+ *
+ * \param args comma separated list of effective subarguments to decode.
+ * If 0, then activate all the flags.
+ */
+static void
+warnings_argmatch (char *args)
+{
+ if (args)
+ for (args = strtok (args, ","); args; args = strtok (NULL, ","))
+ {
+ size_t no = STRPREFIX_LIT ("no-", args) ? 3 : 0;
+ size_t err = STRPREFIX_LIT ("error", args + no) ? 5 : 0;
+
+ warning_argmatch (err ? &errors_flag : &warnings_flag,
+ args, no, err);
+ }
+ else
+ warnings_flag |= Wall;
+}
+
+const char * const warnings_args[] =
+{
+ "none",
+ "midrule-values",
+ "yacc",
+ "conflicts-sr",
+ "conflicts-rr",
+ "deprecated",
+ "precedence",
+ "other",
+ "all",
+ "error",
0
};
-static const int warnings_types[] =
+const int warnings_types[] =
{
- warnings_none,
- warnings_midrule_values,
- warnings_yacc,
- warnings_all,
- warnings_error
+ Wnone,
+ Wmidrule_values,
+ Wyacc,
+ Wconflicts_sr,
+ Wconflicts_rr,
+ Wdeprecated,
+ Wprecedence,
+ Wother,
+ Wall,
+ Werror
};
ARGMATCH_VERIFY (warnings_args, warnings_types);
+/*-----------------------.
+| --feature's handling. |
+`-----------------------*/
+
+static const char * const feature_args[] =
+{
+ "none",
+ "caret", "diagnostics-show-caret",
+ "all",
+ 0
+};
+
+static const int feature_types[] =
+{
+ feature_none,
+ feature_caret, feature_caret,
+ feature_all
+};
+
+ARGMATCH_VERIFY (feature_args, feature_types);
/*-------------------------------------------.
| Display the help message and exit STATUS. |
{
if (status != 0)
fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
- program_name);
+ program_name);
else
{
+ /* For ../build-aux/cross-options.pl to work, use the format:
+ ^ -S, --long[=ARGS] (whitespace)
+ A --long option is required.
+ Otherwise, add exceptions to ../build-aux/cross-options.pl. */
+
printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE\n"), program_name);
fputs (_("\
-Generate LALR(1) and GLR parsers.\n\
+Generate a deterministic LR or generalized LR (GLR) parser employing\n\
+LALR(1), IELR(1), or canonical LR(1) parser tables. IELR(1) and\n\
+canonical LR(1) support is experimental.\n\
\n\
"), stdout);
--print-datadir output directory containing skeletons and XSLT\n\
-y, --yacc emulate POSIX Yacc\n\
-W, --warnings[=CATEGORY] report the warnings falling in CATEGORY\n\
+ -f, --feature[=FEATURE] activate miscellaneous features\n\
\n\
"), stdout);
fputs (_("\
Parser:\n\
- -L, --language=LANGUAGE specify the output programming language\n\
- (this is an experimental feature)\n\
- -S, --skeleton=FILE specify the skeleton to use\n\
- -t, --debug instrument the parser for debugging\n\
- --locations enable location support\n\
- -D, --define=NAME[=VALUE] same as `%define NAME \"VALUE\"'\n\
- -p, --name-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to the external symbols\n\
- -l, --no-lines don't generate `#line' directives\n\
- -k, --token-table include a table of token names\n\
-\n\
+ -L, --language=LANGUAGE specify the output programming language\n\
+ -S, --skeleton=FILE specify the skeleton to use\n\
+ -t, --debug instrument the parser for tracing\n\
+ same as `-Dparse.trace'\n\
+ --locations enable location support\n\
+ -D, --define=NAME[=VALUE] similar to '%define NAME \"VALUE\"'\n\
+ -F, --force-define=NAME[=VALUE] override '%define NAME \"VALUE\"'\n\
+ -p, --name-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to the external symbols\n\
+ deprecated by '-Dapi.prefix=PREFIX'\n\
+ -l, --no-lines don't generate '#line' directives\n\
+ -k, --token-table include a table of token names\n\
"), stdout);
+ putc ('\n', stdout);
/* Keep -d and --defines separate so that ../build-aux/cross-options.pl
* won't assume that -d also takes an argument. */
-g, --graph[=FILE] also output a graph of the automaton\n\
-x, --xml[=FILE] also output an XML report of the automaton\n\
(the XML schema is experimental)\n\
-\n\
"), stdout);
+ putc ('\n', stdout);
fputs (_("\
Warning categories include:\n\
- `midrule-values' unset or unused midrule values\n\
- `yacc' incompatibilities with POSIX YACC\n\
- `all' all the warnings\n\
- `no-CATEGORY' turn off warnings in CATEGORY\n\
- `none' turn off all the warnings\n\
- `error' treat warnings as errors\n\
-\n\
+ `midrule-values' unset or unused midrule values\n\
+ `yacc' incompatibilities with POSIX Yacc\n\
+ `conflicts-sr' S/R conflicts (enabled by default)\n\
+ `conflicts-rr' R/R conflicts (enabled by default)\n\
+ `deprecated' obsolete constructs\n\
+ `precedence' useless precedence and associativity\n\
+ `other' all other warnings (enabled by default)\n\
+ `all' all the warnings\n\
+ `no-CATEGORY' turn off warnings in CATEGORY\n\
+ `none' turn off all the warnings\n\
+ `error[=CATEGORY]' treat warnings as errors\n\
"), stdout);
+ putc ('\n', stdout);
fputs (_("\
THINGS is a list of comma separated words that can include:\n\
`all' include all the above information\n\
`none' disable the report\n\
"), stdout);
+ putc ('\n', stdout);
- printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
+ fputs (_("\
+FEATURE is a list of comma separated words that can include:\n\
+ `caret' show errors with carets\n\
+ `all' all of the above\n\
+ `none' disable all of the above\n\
+ "), stdout);
+
+ putc ('\n', stdout);
+ printf (_("Report bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
+ printf (_("%s home page: <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_URL);
+ fputs (_("General help using GNU software: "
+ "<http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>.\n"),
+ stdout);
+ /* Don't output this redundant message for English locales.
+ Note we still output for 'C' so that it gets included in the
+ man page. */
+ const char *lc_messages = setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, NULL);
+ if (lc_messages && !STREQ (lc_messages, "en_"))
+ /* TRANSLATORS: Replace LANG_CODE in this URL with your language
+ code <http://translationproject.org/team/LANG_CODE.html> to
+ form one of the URLs at http://translationproject.org/team/.
+ Otherwise, replace the entire URL with your translation team's
+ email address. */
+ fputs (_("Report translation bugs to "
+ "<http://translationproject.org/team/>.\n"), stdout);
+ fputs (_("For complete documentation, run: info bison.\n"), stdout);
}
exit (status);
putc ('\n', stdout);
fprintf (stdout,
- _("Copyright (C) %d Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"),
- PACKAGE_COPYRIGHT_YEAR);
+ _("Copyright (C) %d Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"),
+ PACKAGE_COPYRIGHT_YEAR);
fputs (_("\
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO\n\
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n\
"),
- stdout);
+ stdout);
}
skeleton = arg;
}
else if (prio == skeleton_prio)
- {
- char const *msg =
- _("multiple skeleton declarations are invalid");
- complain_at (loc, msg);
- }
+ complain (&loc, complaint,
+ _("multiple skeleton declarations are invalid"));
}
void
{
int i;
for (i = 0; valid_languages[i].language[0]; i++)
- if (c_strcasecmp (arg, valid_languages[i].language) == 0)
- {
- language_prio = prio;
- language = &valid_languages[i];
- return;
- }
- msg = _("invalid language `%s'");
+ if (c_strcasecmp (arg, valid_languages[i].language) == 0)
+ {
+ language_prio = prio;
+ language = &valid_languages[i];
+ return;
+ }
+ msg = _("%s: invalid language");
}
else if (language_prio == prio)
msg = _("multiple language declarations are invalid");
else
return;
- complain_at (loc, msg, arg);
+ complain (&loc, complaint, msg, quotearg_colon (arg));
}
/*----------------------.
Should be computed from long_options. */
static char const short_options[] =
"D:"
+ "F:"
"L:"
"S:"
"T::"
"W::"
"b:"
"d"
+ "f::"
"e"
"g::"
"h"
static struct option const long_options[] =
{
/* Operation modes. */
- { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h' },
- { "version", no_argument, 0, 'V' },
- { "print-localedir", no_argument, 0, PRINT_LOCALEDIR_OPTION },
- { "print-datadir", no_argument, 0, PRINT_DATADIR_OPTION },
+ { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h' },
+ { "version", no_argument, 0, 'V' },
+ { "print-localedir", no_argument, 0, PRINT_LOCALEDIR_OPTION },
+ { "print-datadir", no_argument, 0, PRINT_DATADIR_OPTION },
{ "warnings", optional_argument, 0, 'W' },
/* Parser. */
- { "name-prefix", required_argument, 0, 'p' },
+ { "name-prefix", required_argument, 0, 'p' },
{ "include", required_argument, 0, 'I' },
/* Output. */
- { "file-prefix", required_argument, 0, 'b' },
- { "output", required_argument, 0, 'o' },
- { "output-file", required_argument, 0, 'o' },
- { "graph", optional_argument, 0, 'g' },
+ { "file-prefix", required_argument, 0, 'b' },
+ { "output", required_argument, 0, 'o' },
+ { "output-file", required_argument, 0, 'o' },
+ { "graph", optional_argument, 0, 'g' },
{ "xml", optional_argument, 0, 'x' },
- { "report", required_argument, 0, 'r' },
+ { "report", required_argument, 0, 'r' },
{ "report-file", required_argument, 0, REPORT_FILE_OPTION },
- { "verbose", no_argument, 0, 'v' },
+ { "verbose", no_argument, 0, 'v' },
/* Hidden. */
{ "trace", optional_argument, 0, 'T' },
/* Output. */
{ "defines", optional_argument, 0, 'd' },
+ { "feature", optional_argument, 0, 'f' },
/* Operation modes. */
{ "fixed-output-files", no_argument, 0, 'y' },
- { "yacc", no_argument, 0, 'y' },
+ { "yacc", no_argument, 0, 'y' },
/* Parser. */
- { "debug", no_argument, 0, 't' },
- { "define", required_argument, 0, 'D' },
- { "locations", no_argument, 0, LOCATIONS_OPTION },
+ { "debug", no_argument, 0, 't' },
+ { "define", required_argument, 0, 'D' },
+ { "force-define", required_argument, 0, 'F' },
+ { "locations", no_argument, 0, LOCATIONS_OPTION },
{ "no-lines", no_argument, 0, 'l' },
{ "raw", no_argument, 0, 0 },
{ "skeleton", required_argument, 0, 'S' },
/* Build a location for the current command line argument. */
static
location
-command_line_location()
+command_line_location (void)
{
location res;
/* "<command line>" is used in GCC's messages about -D. */
- boundary_set (&res.start, uniqstr_new ("<command line>"), optind, -1);
+ boundary_set (&res.start, uniqstr_new ("<command line>"), optind - 1, -1);
res.end = res.start;
return res;
}
int c;
while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, short_options, long_options, NULL))
- != -1)
+ != -1)
switch (c)
{
/* ASCII Sorting for short options (i.e., upper case then
lower case), and then long-only options. */
case 0:
- /* Certain long options cause getopt_long to return 0. */
- break;
+ /* Certain long options cause getopt_long to return 0. */
+ break;
case 'D': /* -DNAME[=VALUE]. */
+ case 'F': /* -FNAME[=VALUE]. */
{
char* name = optarg;
char* value = strchr (optarg, '=');
if (value)
*value++ = 0;
- else
- value = "";
- muscle_percent_define_insert (name, command_line_location (), value);
+ muscle_percent_define_insert (name, command_line_location (),
+ value ? value : "",
+ c == 'D' ? MUSCLE_PERCENT_DEFINE_D
+ : MUSCLE_PERCENT_DEFINE_F);
}
- break;
+ break;
case 'I':
- include = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
- break;
+ include = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
+ break;
case 'L':
- language_argmatch (optarg, command_line_prio,
- command_line_location ());
- break;
+ language_argmatch (optarg, command_line_prio,
+ command_line_location ());
+ break;
case 'S':
- skeleton_arg (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg), command_line_prio,
- command_line_location ());
- break;
+ skeleton_arg (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg), command_line_prio,
+ command_line_location ());
+ break;
case 'T':
- FLAGS_ARGMATCH (trace, optarg);
- break;
+ FLAGS_ARGMATCH (trace, optarg, trace_all);
+ break;
case 'V':
- version ();
- exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ version ();
+ exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+ case 'f':
+ FLAGS_ARGMATCH (feature, optarg, feature_all);
+ break;
case 'W':
- if (optarg)
- FLAGS_ARGMATCH (warnings, optarg);
- else
- warnings_flag |= warnings_all;
- break;
+ warnings_argmatch (optarg);
+ break;
case 'b':
- spec_file_prefix = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
- break;
+ spec_file_prefix = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
+ break;
case 'd':
/* Here, the -d and --defines options are differentiated. */
defines_flag = true;
if (optarg)
- spec_defines_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
+ {
+ free (spec_defines_file);
+ spec_defines_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
+ }
break;
case 'g':
- graph_flag = true;
- if (optarg)
- spec_graph_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
- break;
+ graph_flag = true;
+ if (optarg)
+ {
+ free (spec_graph_file);
+ spec_graph_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
+ }
+ break;
case 'h':
- usage (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ usage (EXIT_SUCCESS);
case 'k':
- token_table_flag = true;
- break;
+ token_table_flag = true;
+ break;
case 'l':
- no_lines_flag = true;
- break;
+ no_lines_flag = true;
+ break;
case 'o':
- spec_outfile = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
- break;
+ spec_outfile = AS_FILE_NAME (optarg);
+ break;
case 'p':
- spec_name_prefix = optarg;
- break;
+ spec_name_prefix = optarg;
+ break;
case 'r':
- FLAGS_ARGMATCH (report, optarg);
- break;
+ FLAGS_ARGMATCH (report, optarg, report_all);
+ break;
case 't':
- debug_flag = true;
- break;
+ muscle_percent_define_insert ("parse.trace",
+ command_line_location (), "",
+ MUSCLE_PERCENT_DEFINE_D);
+ break;
case 'v':
- report_flag |= report_states;
- break;
+ report_flag |= report_states;
+ break;
case 'x':
- xml_flag = true;
- if (optarg)
- spec_xml_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
- break;
+ xml_flag = true;
+ if (optarg)
+ {
+ free (spec_xml_file);
+ spec_xml_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
+ }
+ break;
case 'y':
- yacc_flag = true;
- break;
+ warnings_flag |= Wyacc;
+ errors_flag |= Wyacc;
+ yacc_flag = true;
+ break;
case LOCATIONS_OPTION:
- locations_flag = true;
- break;
+ muscle_percent_define_ensure ("locations",
+ command_line_location (), true);
+ break;
case PRINT_LOCALEDIR_OPTION:
- printf ("%s\n", LOCALEDIR);
- exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ printf ("%s\n", LOCALEDIR);
+ exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
case PRINT_DATADIR_OPTION:
- printf ("%s\n", compute_pkgdatadir ());
- exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ printf ("%s\n", pkgdatadir ());
+ exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
case REPORT_FILE_OPTION:
- spec_verbose_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
- break;
+ free (spec_verbose_file);
+ spec_verbose_file = xstrdup (AS_FILE_NAME (optarg));
+ break;
default:
- usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
+ usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (argc - optind != 1)
{
if (argc - optind < 1)
- error (0, 0, _("missing operand after `%s'"), argv[argc - 1]);
+ error (0, 0, _("%s: missing operand"), quotearg_colon (argv[argc - 1]));
else
- error (0, 0, _("extra operand `%s'"), argv[optind + 1]);
+ error (0, 0, _("extra operand %s"), quote (argv[optind + 1]));
usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
current_file = grammar_file = uniqstr_new (argv[optind]);
MUSCLE_INSERT_C_STRING ("file_name", grammar_file);
}
+
+void
+tr (char *s, char from, char to)
+{
+ for (; *s; s++)
+ if (*s == from)
+ *s = to;
+}