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1 Bison News
2 ----------
3
4 Changes in version 2.3+:
5
6 * Instead of %union, you can define and use your own union type
7 YYSTYPE if your grammar contains at least one <type> tag.
8 Your YYSTYPE need not be a macro; it can be a typedef.
9 This change is for compatibility with other Yacc implementations,
10 and is required by POSIX.
11
12 * Locations columns and lines start at 1.
13 In accordance with the GNU Coding Standards and Emacs.
14
15 * Except for LALR(1) parsers in C with POSIX Yacc emulation enabled (with `-y',
16 `--yacc', or `%yacc'), Bison no longer generates #define statements for
17 associating token numbers with token names. Removing the #define statements
18 helps to sanitize the global namespace during preprocessing, but POSIX Yacc
19 requires them. Bison still generates an enum for token names in all cases.
20
21 * Handling of traditional Yacc prologue blocks is now more consistent but
22 potentially incompatible with previous releases of Bison.
23
24 As before, you declare prologue blocks in your grammar file with the
25 `%{ ... %}' syntax. To generate the pre-prologue, Bison concatenates all
26 prologue blocks that you've declared before the first %union. To generate
27 the post-prologue, Bison concatenates all prologue blocks that you've
28 declared after the first %union.
29
30 Previous releases of Bison inserted the pre-prologue into both the header
31 file and the code file in all cases except for LALR(1) parsers in C. In the
32 latter case, Bison inserted it only into the code file. For parsers in C++,
33 the point of insertion was before any token definitions (which associate
34 token numbers with names). For parsers in C, the point of insertion was
35 after the token definitions.
36
37 Now, Bison never inserts the pre-prologue into the header file. In the code
38 file, it always inserts it before the token definitions.
39
40 * Bison now provides a more flexible alternative to the traditional Yacc
41 prologue blocks: %before-header, %start-header, %end-header, and
42 %after-header.
43
44 For example, the following declaration order in the grammar file reflects the
45 order in which Bison will output these code blocks. However, you are free to
46 declare these code blocks in your grammar file in whatever order is most
47 convenient for you:
48
49 %before-header {
50 /* Bison treats this block like a pre-prologue block: it inserts it into
51 * the code file before the contents of the header file. It does *not*
52 * insert it into the header file. This is a good place to put
53 * #include's that you want at the top of your code file. A common
54 * example is `#include "system.h"'. */
55 }
56 %start-header {
57 /* Bison inserts this block into both the header file and the code file.
58 * In both files, the point of insertion is before any Bison-generated
59 * token, semantic type, location type, and class definitions. This is a
60 * good place to define %union dependencies, for example. */
61 }
62 %union {
63 /* Unlike the traditional Yacc prologue blocks, the output order for the
64 * new %*-header blocks is not affected by their declaration position
65 * relative to any %union in the grammar file. */
66 }
67 %end-header {
68 /* Bison inserts this block into both the header file and the code file.
69 * In both files, the point of insertion is after the Bison-generated
70 * definitions. This is a good place to declare or define public
71 * functions or data structures that depend on the Bison-generated
72 * definitions. */
73 }
74 %after-header {
75 /* Bison treats this block like a post-prologue block: it inserts it into
76 * the code file after the contents of the header file. It does *not*
77 * insert it into the header file. This is a good place to declare or
78 * define internal functions or data structures that depend on the
79 * Bison-generated definitions. */
80 }
81
82 If you have multiple occurrences of any one of the above declarations, Bison
83 will concatenate the contents in declaration order.
84
85 * The option `--report=look-ahead' has been changed to `--report=lookahead'.
86 The old spelling still works, but is not documented and may be removed
87 in a future release.
88
89 Changes in version 2.3, 2006-06-05:
90
91 * GLR grammars should now use `YYRECOVERING ()' instead of `YYRECOVERING',
92 for compatibility with LALR(1) grammars.
93
94 * It is now documented that any definition of YYSTYPE or YYLTYPE should
95 be to a type name that does not contain parentheses or brackets.
96
97 Changes in version 2.2, 2006-05-19:
98
99 * The distribution terms for all Bison-generated parsers now permit
100 using the parsers in nonfree programs. Previously, this permission
101 was granted only for Bison-generated LALR(1) parsers in C.
102
103 * %name-prefix changes the namespace name in C++ outputs.
104
105 * The C++ parsers export their token_type.
106
107 * Bison now allows multiple %union declarations, and concatenates
108 their contents together.
109
110 * New warning: unused values
111 Right-hand side symbols whose values are not used are reported,
112 if the symbols have destructors. For instance:
113
114 exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp { $1 ? $1 : $3; }
115 | exp "+" exp
116 ;
117
118 will trigger a warning about $$ and $5 in the first rule, and $3 in
119 the second ($1 is copied to $$ by the default rule). This example
120 most likely contains three errors, and could be rewritten as:
121
122 exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp
123 { $$ = $1 ? $3 : $5; free ($1 ? $5 : $3); free ($1); }
124 | exp "+" exp
125 { $$ = $1 ? $1 : $3; if ($1) free ($3); }
126 ;
127
128 However, if the original actions were really intended, memory leaks
129 and all, the warnings can be suppressed by letting Bison believe the
130 values are used, e.g.:
131
132 exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp { $1 ? $1 : $3; (void) ($$, $5); }
133 | exp "+" exp { $$ = $1; (void) $3; }
134 ;
135
136 If there are mid-rule actions, the warning is issued if no action
137 uses it. The following triggers no warning: $1 and $3 are used.
138
139 exp: exp { push ($1); } '+' exp { push ($3); sum (); };
140
141 The warning is intended to help catching lost values and memory leaks.
142 If a value is ignored, its associated memory typically is not reclaimed.
143
144 * %destructor vs. YYABORT, YYACCEPT, and YYERROR.
145 Destructors are now called when user code invokes YYABORT, YYACCEPT,
146 and YYERROR, for all objects on the stack, other than objects
147 corresponding to the right-hand side of the current rule.
148
149 * %expect, %expect-rr
150 Incorrect numbers of expected conflicts are now actual errors,
151 instead of warnings.
152
153 * GLR, YACC parsers.
154 The %parse-params are available in the destructors (and the
155 experimental printers) as per the documentation.
156
157 * Bison now warns if it finds a stray `$' or `@' in an action.
158
159 * %require "VERSION"
160 This specifies that the grammar file depends on features implemented
161 in Bison version VERSION or higher.
162
163 * lalr1.cc: The token and value types are now class members.
164 The tokens were defined as free form enums and cpp macros. YYSTYPE
165 was defined as a free form union. They are now class members:
166 tokens are enumerations of the `yy::parser::token' struct, and the
167 semantic values have the `yy::parser::semantic_type' type.
168
169 If you do not want or can update to this scheme, the directive
170 `%define "global_tokens_and_yystype" "1"' triggers the global
171 definition of tokens and YYSTYPE. This change is suitable both
172 for previous releases of Bison, and this one.
173
174 If you wish to update, then make sure older version of Bison will
175 fail using `%require "2.2"'.
176
177 * DJGPP support added.
178 \f
179 Changes in version 2.1, 2005-09-16:
180
181 * The C++ lalr1.cc skeleton supports %lex-param.
182
183 * Bison-generated parsers now support the translation of diagnostics like
184 "syntax error" into languages other than English. The default
185 language is still English. For details, please see the new
186 Internationalization section of the Bison manual. Software
187 distributors should also see the new PACKAGING file. Thanks to
188 Bruno Haible for this new feature.
189
190 * Wording in the Bison-generated parsers has been changed slightly to
191 simplify translation. In particular, the message "memory exhausted"
192 has replaced "parser stack overflow", as the old message was not
193 always accurate for modern Bison-generated parsers.
194
195 * Destructors are now called when the parser aborts, for all symbols left
196 behind on the stack. Also, the start symbol is now destroyed after a
197 successful parse. In both cases, the behavior was formerly inconsistent.
198
199 * When generating verbose diagnostics, Bison-generated parsers no longer
200 quote the literal strings associated with tokens. For example, for
201 a syntax error associated with '%token NUM "number"' they might
202 print 'syntax error, unexpected number' instead of 'syntax error,
203 unexpected "number"'.
204 \f
205 Changes in version 2.0, 2004-12-25:
206
207 * Possibly-incompatible changes
208
209 - Bison-generated parsers no longer default to using the alloca function
210 (when available) to extend the parser stack, due to widespread
211 problems in unchecked stack-overflow detection. You can "#define
212 YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA 1" to require the use of alloca, but please read
213 the manual to determine safe values for YYMAXDEPTH in that case.
214
215 - Error token location.
216 During error recovery, the location of the syntax error is updated
217 to cover the whole sequence covered by the error token: it includes
218 the shifted symbols thrown away during the first part of the error
219 recovery, and the lookahead rejected during the second part.
220
221 - Semicolon changes:
222 . Stray semicolons are no longer allowed at the start of a grammar.
223 . Semicolons are now required after in-grammar declarations.
224
225 - Unescaped newlines are no longer allowed in character constants or
226 string literals. They were never portable, and GCC 3.4.0 has
227 dropped support for them. Better diagnostics are now generated if
228 forget a closing quote.
229
230 - NUL bytes are no longer allowed in Bison string literals, unfortunately.
231
232 * New features
233
234 - GLR grammars now support locations.
235
236 - New directive: %initial-action.
237 This directive allows the user to run arbitrary code (including
238 initializing @$) from yyparse before parsing starts.
239
240 - A new directive "%expect-rr N" specifies the expected number of
241 reduce/reduce conflicts in GLR parsers.
242
243 - %token numbers can now be hexadecimal integers, e.g., `%token FOO 0x12d'.
244 This is a GNU extension.
245
246 - The option `--report=lookahead' was changed to `--report=look-ahead'.
247 [However, this was changed back after 2.3.]
248
249 - Experimental %destructor support has been added to lalr1.cc.
250
251 - New configure option --disable-yacc, to disable installation of the
252 yacc command and -ly library introduced in 1.875 for POSIX conformance.
253
254 * Bug fixes
255
256 - For now, %expect-count violations are now just warnings, not errors.
257 This is for compatibility with Bison 1.75 and earlier (when there are
258 reduce/reduce conflicts) and with Bison 1.30 and earlier (when there
259 are too many or too few shift/reduce conflicts). However, in future
260 versions of Bison we plan to improve the %expect machinery so that
261 these violations will become errors again.
262
263 - Within Bison itself, numbers (e.g., goto numbers) are no longer
264 arbitrarily limited to 16-bit counts.
265
266 - Semicolons are now allowed before "|" in grammar rules, as POSIX requires.
267 \f
268 Changes in version 1.875, 2003-01-01:
269
270 * The documentation license has been upgraded to version 1.2
271 of the GNU Free Documentation License.
272
273 * syntax error processing
274
275 - In Yacc-style parsers YYLLOC_DEFAULT is now used to compute error
276 locations too. This fixes bugs in error-location computation.
277
278 - %destructor
279 It is now possible to reclaim the memory associated to symbols
280 discarded during error recovery. This feature is still experimental.
281
282 - %error-verbose
283 This new directive is preferred over YYERROR_VERBOSE.
284
285 - #defining yyerror to steal internal variables is discouraged.
286 It is not guaranteed to work forever.
287
288 * POSIX conformance
289
290 - Semicolons are once again optional at the end of grammar rules.
291 This reverts to the behavior of Bison 1.33 and earlier, and improves
292 compatibility with Yacc.
293
294 - `parse error' -> `syntax error'
295 Bison now uniformly uses the term `syntax error'; formerly, the code
296 and manual sometimes used the term `parse error' instead. POSIX
297 requires `syntax error' in diagnostics, and it was thought better to
298 be consistent.
299
300 - The documentation now emphasizes that yylex and yyerror must be
301 declared before use. C99 requires this.
302
303 - Bison now parses C99 lexical constructs like UCNs and
304 backslash-newline within C escape sequences, as POSIX 1003.1-2001 requires.
305
306 - File names are properly escaped in C output. E.g., foo\bar.y is
307 output as "foo\\bar.y".
308
309 - Yacc command and library now available
310 The Bison distribution now installs a `yacc' command, as POSIX requires.
311 Also, Bison now installs a small library liby.a containing
312 implementations of Yacc-compatible yyerror and main functions.
313 This library is normally not useful, but POSIX requires it.
314
315 - Type clashes now generate warnings, not errors.
316
317 - If the user does not define YYSTYPE as a macro, Bison now declares it
318 using typedef instead of defining it as a macro.
319 For consistency, YYLTYPE is also declared instead of defined.
320
321 * Other compatibility issues
322
323 - %union directives can now have a tag before the `{', e.g., the
324 directive `%union foo {...}' now generates the C code
325 `typedef union foo { ... } YYSTYPE;'; this is for Yacc compatibility.
326 The default union tag is `YYSTYPE', for compatibility with Solaris 9 Yacc.
327 For consistency, YYLTYPE's struct tag is now `YYLTYPE' not `yyltype'.
328 This is for compatibility with both Yacc and Bison 1.35.
329
330 - `;' is output before the terminating `}' of an action, for
331 compatibility with Bison 1.35.
332
333 - Bison now uses a Yacc-style format for conflict reports, e.g.,
334 `conflicts: 2 shift/reduce, 1 reduce/reduce'.
335
336 - `yystype' and `yyltype' are now obsolescent macros instead of being
337 typedefs or tags; they are no longer documented and are planned to be
338 withdrawn in a future release.
339
340 * GLR parser notes
341
342 - GLR and inline
343 Users of Bison have to decide how they handle the portability of the
344 C keyword `inline'.
345
346 - `parsing stack overflow...' -> `parser stack overflow'
347 GLR parsers now report `parser stack overflow' as per the Bison manual.
348
349 * Bison now warns if it detects conflicting outputs to the same file,
350 e.g., it generates a warning for `bison -d -o foo.h foo.y' since
351 that command outputs both code and header to foo.h.
352
353 * #line in output files
354 - --no-line works properly.
355
356 * Bison can no longer be built by a K&R C compiler; it requires C89 or
357 later to be built. This change originally took place a few versions
358 ago, but nobody noticed until we recently asked someone to try
359 building Bison with a K&R C compiler.
360 \f
361 Changes in version 1.75, 2002-10-14:
362
363 * Bison should now work on 64-bit hosts.
364
365 * Indonesian translation thanks to Tedi Heriyanto.
366
367 * GLR parsers
368 Fix spurious parse errors.
369
370 * Pure parsers
371 Some people redefine yyerror to steal yyparse' private variables.
372 Reenable this trick until an official feature replaces it.
373
374 * Type Clashes
375 In agreement with POSIX and with other Yaccs, leaving a default
376 action is valid when $$ is untyped, and $1 typed:
377
378 untyped: ... typed;
379
380 but the converse remains an error:
381
382 typed: ... untyped;
383
384 * Values of mid-rule actions
385 The following code:
386
387 foo: { ... } { $$ = $1; } ...
388
389 was incorrectly rejected: $1 is defined in the second mid-rule
390 action, and is equal to the $$ of the first mid-rule action.
391 \f
392 Changes in version 1.50, 2002-10-04:
393
394 * GLR parsing
395 The declaration
396 %glr-parser
397 causes Bison to produce a Generalized LR (GLR) parser, capable of handling
398 almost any context-free grammar, ambiguous or not. The new declarations
399 %dprec and %merge on grammar rules allow parse-time resolution of
400 ambiguities. Contributed by Paul Hilfinger.
401
402 Unfortunately Bison 1.50 does not work properly on 64-bit hosts
403 like the Alpha, so please stick to 32-bit hosts for now.
404
405 * Output Directory
406 When not in Yacc compatibility mode, when the output file was not
407 specified, running `bison foo/bar.y' created `foo/bar.c'. It
408 now creates `bar.c'.
409
410 * Undefined token
411 The undefined token was systematically mapped to 2 which prevented
412 the use of 2 by the user. This is no longer the case.
413
414 * Unknown token numbers
415 If yylex returned an out of range value, yyparse could die. This is
416 no longer the case.
417
418 * Error token
419 According to POSIX, the error token must be 256.
420 Bison extends this requirement by making it a preference: *if* the
421 user specified that one of her tokens is numbered 256, then error
422 will be mapped onto another number.
423
424 * Verbose error messages
425 They no longer report `..., expecting error or...' for states where
426 error recovery is possible.
427
428 * End token
429 Defaults to `$end' instead of `$'.
430
431 * Error recovery now conforms to documentation and to POSIX
432 When a Bison-generated parser encounters a syntax error, it now pops
433 the stack until it finds a state that allows shifting the error
434 token. Formerly, it popped the stack until it found a state that
435 allowed some non-error action other than a default reduction on the
436 error token. The new behavior has long been the documented behavior,
437 and has long been required by POSIX. For more details, please see
438 Paul Eggert, "Reductions during Bison error handling" (2002-05-20)
439 <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-bison/2002-05/msg00038.html>.
440
441 * Traces
442 Popped tokens and nonterminals are now reported.
443
444 * Larger grammars
445 Larger grammars are now supported (larger token numbers, larger grammar
446 size (= sum of the LHS and RHS lengths), larger LALR tables).
447 Formerly, many of these numbers ran afoul of 16-bit limits;
448 now these limits are 32 bits on most hosts.
449
450 * Explicit initial rule
451 Bison used to play hacks with the initial rule, which the user does
452 not write. It is now explicit, and visible in the reports and
453 graphs as rule 0.
454
455 * Useless rules
456 Before, Bison reported the useless rules, but, although not used,
457 included them in the parsers. They are now actually removed.
458
459 * Useless rules, useless nonterminals
460 They are now reported, as a warning, with their locations.
461
462 * Rules never reduced
463 Rules that can never be reduced because of conflicts are now
464 reported.
465
466 * Incorrect `Token not used'
467 On a grammar such as
468
469 %token useless useful
470 %%
471 exp: '0' %prec useful;
472
473 where a token was used to set the precedence of the last rule,
474 bison reported both `useful' and `useless' as useless tokens.
475
476 * Revert the C++ namespace changes introduced in 1.31
477 as they caused too many portability hassles.
478
479 * Default locations
480 By an accident of design, the default computation of @$ was
481 performed after another default computation was performed: @$ = @1.
482 The latter is now removed: YYLLOC_DEFAULT is fully responsible of
483 the computation of @$.
484
485 * Token end-of-file
486 The token end of file may be specified by the user, in which case,
487 the user symbol is used in the reports, the graphs, and the verbose
488 error messages instead of `$end', which remains being the default.
489 For instance
490 %token MYEOF 0
491 or
492 %token MYEOF 0 "end of file"
493
494 * Semantic parser
495 This old option, which has been broken for ages, is removed.
496
497 * New translations
498 Brazilian Portuguese, thanks to Alexandre Folle de Menezes.
499 Croatian, thanks to Denis Lackovic.
500
501 * Incorrect token definitions
502 When given `%token 'a' "A"', Bison used to output `#define 'a' 65'.
503
504 * Token definitions as enums
505 Tokens are output both as the traditional #define's, and, provided
506 the compiler supports ANSI C or is a C++ compiler, as enums.
507 This lets debuggers display names instead of integers.
508
509 * Reports
510 In addition to --verbose, bison supports --report=THINGS, which
511 produces additional information:
512 - itemset
513 complete the core item sets with their closure
514 - lookahead [changed to `look-ahead' in 1.875e through 2.3, but changed back]
515 explicitly associate lookahead tokens to items
516 - solved
517 describe shift/reduce conflicts solving.
518 Bison used to systematically output this information on top of
519 the report. Solved conflicts are now attached to their states.
520
521 * Type clashes
522 Previous versions don't complain when there is a type clash on
523 the default action if the rule has a mid-rule action, such as in:
524
525 %type <foo> bar
526 %%
527 bar: '0' {} '0';
528
529 This is fixed.
530
531 * GNU M4 is now required when using Bison.
532 \f
533 Changes in version 1.35, 2002-03-25:
534
535 * C Skeleton
536 Some projects use Bison's C parser with C++ compilers, and define
537 YYSTYPE as a class. The recent adjustment of C parsers for data
538 alignment and 64 bit architectures made this impossible.
539
540 Because for the time being no real solution for C++ parser
541 generation exists, kludges were implemented in the parser to
542 maintain this use. In the future, when Bison has C++ parsers, this
543 kludge will be disabled.
544
545 This kludge also addresses some C++ problems when the stack was
546 extended.
547 \f
548 Changes in version 1.34, 2002-03-12:
549
550 * File name clashes are detected
551 $ bison foo.y -d -o foo.x
552 fatal error: header and parser would both be named `foo.x'
553
554 * A missing `;' at the end of a rule triggers a warning
555 In accordance with POSIX, and in agreement with other
556 Yacc implementations, Bison will mandate this semicolon in the near
557 future. This eases the implementation of a Bison parser of Bison
558 grammars by making this grammar LALR(1) instead of LR(2). To
559 facilitate the transition, this release introduces a warning.
560
561 * Revert the C++ namespace changes introduced in 1.31, as they caused too
562 many portability hassles.
563
564 * DJGPP support added.
565
566 * Fix test suite portability problems.
567 \f
568 Changes in version 1.33, 2002-02-07:
569
570 * Fix C++ issues
571 Groff could not be compiled for the definition of size_t was lacking
572 under some conditions.
573
574 * Catch invalid @n
575 As is done with $n.
576 \f
577 Changes in version 1.32, 2002-01-23:
578
579 * Fix Yacc output file names
580
581 * Portability fixes
582
583 * Italian, Dutch translations
584 \f
585 Changes in version 1.31, 2002-01-14:
586
587 * Many Bug Fixes
588
589 * GNU Gettext and %expect
590 GNU Gettext asserts 10 s/r conflicts, but there are 7. Now that
591 Bison dies on incorrect %expectations, we fear there will be
592 too many bug reports for Gettext, so _for the time being_, %expect
593 does not trigger an error when the input file is named `plural.y'.
594
595 * Use of alloca in parsers
596 If YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA is defined to 0, then the parsers will use
597 malloc exclusively. Since 1.29, but was not NEWS'ed.
598
599 alloca is used only when compiled with GCC, to avoid portability
600 problems as on AIX.
601
602 * yyparse now returns 2 if memory is exhausted; formerly it dumped core.
603
604 * When the generated parser lacks debugging code, YYDEBUG is now 0
605 (as POSIX requires) instead of being undefined.
606
607 * User Actions
608 Bison has always permitted actions such as { $$ = $1 }: it adds the
609 ending semicolon. Now if in Yacc compatibility mode, the semicolon
610 is no longer output: one has to write { $$ = $1; }.
611
612 * Better C++ compliance
613 The output parsers try to respect C++ namespaces.
614 [This turned out to be a failed experiment, and it was reverted later.]
615
616 * Reduced Grammars
617 Fixed bugs when reporting useless nonterminals.
618
619 * 64 bit hosts
620 The parsers work properly on 64 bit hosts.
621
622 * Error messages
623 Some calls to strerror resulted in scrambled or missing error messages.
624
625 * %expect
626 When the number of shift/reduce conflicts is correct, don't issue
627 any warning.
628
629 * The verbose report includes the rule line numbers.
630
631 * Rule line numbers are fixed in traces.
632
633 * Swedish translation
634
635 * Parse errors
636 Verbose parse error messages from the parsers are better looking.
637 Before: parse error: unexpected `'/'', expecting `"number"' or `'-'' or `'(''
638 Now: parse error: unexpected '/', expecting "number" or '-' or '('
639
640 * Fixed parser memory leaks.
641 When the generated parser was using malloc to extend its stacks, the
642 previous allocations were not freed.
643
644 * Fixed verbose output file.
645 Some newlines were missing.
646 Some conflicts in state descriptions were missing.
647
648 * Fixed conflict report.
649 Option -v was needed to get the result.
650
651 * %expect
652 Was not used.
653 Mismatches are errors, not warnings.
654
655 * Fixed incorrect processing of some invalid input.
656
657 * Fixed CPP guards: 9foo.h uses BISON_9FOO_H instead of 9FOO_H.
658
659 * Fixed some typos in the documentation.
660
661 * %token MY_EOF 0 is supported.
662 Before, MY_EOF was silently renumbered as 257.
663
664 * doc/refcard.tex is updated.
665
666 * %output, %file-prefix, %name-prefix.
667 New.
668
669 * --output
670 New, aliasing `--output-file'.
671 \f
672 Changes in version 1.30, 2001-10-26:
673
674 * `--defines' and `--graph' have now an optional argument which is the
675 output file name. `-d' and `-g' do not change; they do not take any
676 argument.
677
678 * `%source_extension' and `%header_extension' are removed, failed
679 experiment.
680
681 * Portability fixes.
682 \f
683 Changes in version 1.29, 2001-09-07:
684
685 * The output file does not define const, as this caused problems when used
686 with common autoconfiguration schemes. If you still use ancient compilers
687 that lack const, compile with the equivalent of the C compiler option
688 `-Dconst='. autoconf's AC_C_CONST macro provides one way to do this.
689
690 * Added `-g' and `--graph'.
691
692 * The Bison manual is now distributed under the terms of the GNU FDL.
693
694 * The input and the output files has automatically a similar extension.
695
696 * Russian translation added.
697
698 * NLS support updated; should hopefully be less troublesome.
699
700 * Added the old Bison reference card.
701
702 * Added `--locations' and `%locations'.
703
704 * Added `-S' and `--skeleton'.
705
706 * `%raw', `-r', `--raw' is disabled.
707
708 * Special characters are escaped when output. This solves the problems
709 of the #line lines with path names including backslashes.
710
711 * New directives.
712 `%yacc', `%fixed_output_files', `%defines', `%no_parser', `%verbose',
713 `%debug', `%source_extension' and `%header_extension'.
714
715 * @$
716 Automatic location tracking.
717 \f
718 Changes in version 1.28, 1999-07-06:
719
720 * Should compile better now with K&R compilers.
721
722 * Added NLS.
723
724 * Fixed a problem with escaping the double quote character.
725
726 * There is now a FAQ.
727 \f
728 Changes in version 1.27:
729
730 * The make rule which prevented bison.simple from being created on
731 some systems has been fixed.
732 \f
733 Changes in version 1.26:
734
735 * Bison now uses automake.
736
737 * New mailing lists: <bug-bison@gnu.org> and <help-bison@gnu.org>.
738
739 * Token numbers now start at 257 as previously documented, not 258.
740
741 * Bison honors the TMPDIR environment variable.
742
743 * A couple of buffer overruns have been fixed.
744
745 * Problems when closing files should now be reported.
746
747 * Generated parsers should now work even on operating systems which do
748 not provide alloca().
749 \f
750 Changes in version 1.25, 1995-10-16:
751
752 * Errors in the input grammar are not fatal; Bison keeps reading
753 the grammar file, and reports all the errors found in it.
754
755 * Tokens can now be specified as multiple-character strings: for
756 example, you could use "<=" for a token which looks like <=, instead
757 of chosing a name like LESSEQ.
758
759 * The %token_table declaration says to write a table of tokens (names
760 and numbers) into the parser file. The yylex function can use this
761 table to recognize multiple-character string tokens, or for other
762 purposes.
763
764 * The %no_lines declaration says not to generate any #line preprocessor
765 directives in the parser file.
766
767 * The %raw declaration says to use internal Bison token numbers, not
768 Yacc-compatible token numbers, when token names are defined as macros.
769
770 * The --no-parser option produces the parser tables without including
771 the parser engine; a project can now use its own parser engine.
772 The actions go into a separate file called NAME.act, in the form of
773 a switch statement body.
774 \f
775 Changes in version 1.23:
776
777 The user can define YYPARSE_PARAM as the name of an argument to be
778 passed into yyparse. The argument should have type void *. It should
779 actually point to an object. Grammar actions can access the variable
780 by casting it to the proper pointer type.
781
782 Line numbers in output file corrected.
783 \f
784 Changes in version 1.22:
785
786 --help option added.
787 \f
788 Changes in version 1.20:
789
790 Output file does not redefine const for C++.
791
792 Local Variables:
793 mode: outline
794 End:
795
796 -----
797
798 Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
799 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
800
801 This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
802
803 Bison is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
804 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
805 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
806 any later version.
807
808 Bison is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
809 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
810 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
811 GNU General Public License for more details.
812
813 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
814 along with autoconf; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
815 the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
816 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.