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1/* Compute look-ahead criteria for Bison.
2
3 Copyright (C) 1984, 1986, 1989, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5
6 This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
7
8 Bison is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
11 any later version.
12
13 Bison is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
17
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with Bison; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
20 the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
21 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
22
23
24/* Compute how to make the finite state machine deterministic; find
25 which rules need lookahead in each state, and which lookahead
26 tokens they accept. */
27
28#include "system.h"
29
30#include <bitset.h>
31#include <bitsetv.h>
32#include <quotearg.h>
33
34#include "LR0.h"
35#include "complain.h"
36#include "derives.h"
37#include "getargs.h"
38#include "gram.h"
39#include "lalr.h"
40#include "nullable.h"
41#include "reader.h"
42#include "relation.h"
43#include "symtab.h"
44
45goto_number *goto_map = NULL;
46static goto_number ngotos = 0;
47state_number *from_state = NULL;
48state_number *to_state = NULL;
49
50/* Linked list of goto numbers. */
51typedef struct goto_list
52{
53 struct goto_list *next;
54 goto_number value;
55} goto_list;
56
57
58/* LA is a LR by NTOKENS matrix of bits. LA[l, i] is 1 if the rule
59 LArule[l] is applicable in the appropriate state when the next
60 token is symbol i. If LA[l, i] and LA[l, j] are both 1 for i != j,
61 it is a conflict. */
62
63static bitsetv LA = NULL;
64size_t nLA;
65
66
67/* And for the famous F variable, which name is so descriptive that a
68 comment is hardly needed. <grin>. */
69static bitsetv F = NULL;
70
71static goto_number **includes;
72static goto_list **lookback;
73
74
75
76
77static void
78set_goto_map (void)
79{
80 state_number s;
81 goto_number *temp_map;
82
83 CALLOC (goto_map, nvars + 1);
84 CALLOC (temp_map, nvars + 1);
85
86 ngotos = 0;
87 for (s = 0; s < nstates; ++s)
88 {
89 transitions *sp = states[s]->transitions;
90 int i;
91 for (i = sp->num - 1; i >= 0 && TRANSITION_IS_GOTO (sp, i); --i)
92 {
93 if (ngotos >= GOTO_NUMBER_MAXIMUM)
94 abort ();
95 ngotos++;
96 goto_map[TRANSITION_SYMBOL (sp, i) - ntokens]++;
97 }
98 }
99
100 {
101 int k = 0;
102 int i;
103 for (i = ntokens; i < nsyms; i++)
104 {
105 temp_map[i - ntokens] = k;
106 k += goto_map[i - ntokens];
107 }
108
109 for (i = ntokens; i < nsyms; i++)
110 goto_map[i - ntokens] = temp_map[i - ntokens];
111
112 goto_map[nsyms - ntokens] = ngotos;
113 temp_map[nsyms - ntokens] = ngotos;
114 }
115
116 CALLOC (from_state, ngotos);
117 CALLOC (to_state, ngotos);
118
119 for (s = 0; s < nstates; ++s)
120 {
121 transitions *sp = states[s]->transitions;
122 int i;
123 for (i = sp->num - 1; i >= 0 && TRANSITION_IS_GOTO (sp, i); --i)
124 {
125 int k = temp_map[TRANSITION_SYMBOL (sp, i) - ntokens]++;
126 from_state[k] = s;
127 to_state[k] = sp->states[i]->number;
128 }
129 }
130
131 XFREE (temp_map);
132}
133
134
135
136/*----------------------------------------------------------.
137| Map a state/symbol pair into its numeric representation. |
138`----------------------------------------------------------*/
139
140static int
141map_goto (state_number s0, symbol_number sym)
142{
143 int high;
144 int low;
145 int middle;
146 state_number s;
147
148 low = goto_map[sym - ntokens];
149 high = goto_map[sym - ntokens + 1] - 1;
150
151 for (;;)
152 {
153 if (high < low)
154 abort ();
155 middle = (low + high) / 2;
156 s = from_state[middle];
157 if (s == s0)
158 return middle;
159 else if (s < s0)
160 low = middle + 1;
161 else
162 high = middle - 1;
163 }
164}
165
166
167static void
168initialize_F (void)
169{
170 goto_number **reads = CALLOC (reads, ngotos);
171 goto_number *edge = CALLOC (edge, ngotos + 1);
172 int nedges = 0;
173
174 int i;
175
176 F = bitsetv_create (ngotos, ntokens, BITSET_FIXED);
177
178 for (i = 0; i < ngotos; i++)
179 {
180 state_number stateno = to_state[i];
181 transitions *sp = states[stateno]->transitions;
182
183 int j;
184 FOR_EACH_SHIFT (sp, j)
185 bitset_set (F[i], TRANSITION_SYMBOL (sp, j));
186
187 for (; j < sp->num; j++)
188 {
189 symbol_number sym = TRANSITION_SYMBOL (sp, j);
190 if (nullable[sym - ntokens])
191 edge[nedges++] = map_goto (stateno, sym);
192 }
193
194 if (nedges)
195 {
196 CALLOC (reads[i], nedges + 1);
197 memcpy (reads[i], edge, nedges * sizeof (edge[0]));
198 reads[i][nedges] = -1;
199 nedges = 0;
200 }
201 }
202
203 relation_digraph (reads, ngotos, &F);
204
205 for (i = 0; i < ngotos; i++)
206 XFREE (reads[i]);
207
208 XFREE (reads);
209 XFREE (edge);
210}
211
212
213static void
214add_lookback_edge (state *s, rule *r, int gotono)
215{
216 int ri = state_reduction_find (s, r);
217 goto_list *sp = MALLOC (sp, 1);
218 sp->next = lookback[(s->reductions->lookaheads - LA) + ri];
219 sp->value = gotono;
220 lookback[(s->reductions->lookaheads - LA) + ri] = sp;
221}
222
223
224
225static void
226build_relations (void)
227{
228 goto_number *edge = CALLOC (edge, ngotos + 1);
229 state_number *states1 = CALLOC (states1, ritem_longest_rhs () + 1);
230 int i;
231
232 CALLOC (includes, ngotos);
233
234 for (i = 0; i < ngotos; i++)
235 {
236 int nedges = 0;
237 symbol_number symbol1 = states[to_state[i]]->accessing_symbol;
238 rule **rulep;
239
240 for (rulep = derives[symbol1 - ntokens]; *rulep; rulep++)
241 {
242 bool done;
243 int length = 1;
244 item_number *rp;
245 state *s = states[from_state[i]];
246 states1[0] = s->number;
247
248 for (rp = (*rulep)->rhs; *rp >= 0; rp++)
249 {
250 s = transitions_to (s->transitions,
251 item_number_as_symbol_number (*rp));
252 states1[length++] = s->number;
253 }
254
255 if (!s->consistent)
256 add_lookback_edge (s, *rulep, i);
257
258 length--;
259 done = false;
260 while (!done)
261 {
262 done = true;
263 rp--;
264 /* JF added rp>=ritem && I hope to god its right! */
265 if (rp >= ritem && ISVAR (*rp))
266 {
267 /* Downcasting from item_number to symbol_number. */
268 edge[nedges++] = map_goto (states1[--length],
269 item_number_as_symbol_number (*rp));
270 if (nullable[*rp - ntokens])
271 done = false;
272 }
273 }
274 }
275
276 if (nedges)
277 {
278 int j;
279 CALLOC (includes[i], nedges + 1);
280 for (j = 0; j < nedges; j++)
281 includes[i][j] = edge[j];
282 includes[i][nedges] = -1;
283 }
284 }
285
286 XFREE (edge);
287 XFREE (states1);
288
289 relation_transpose (&includes, ngotos);
290}
291
292
293
294static void
295compute_FOLLOWS (void)
296{
297 int i;
298
299 relation_digraph (includes, ngotos, &F);
300
301 for (i = 0; i < ngotos; i++)
302 XFREE (includes[i]);
303
304 XFREE (includes);
305}
306
307
308static void
309compute_lookaheads (void)
310{
311 size_t i;
312 goto_list *sp;
313
314 for (i = 0; i < nLA; i++)
315 for (sp = lookback[i]; sp; sp = sp->next)
316 bitset_or (LA[i], LA[i], F[sp->value]);
317
318 /* Free LOOKBACK. */
319 for (i = 0; i < nLA; i++)
320 LIST_FREE (goto_list, lookback[i]);
321
322 XFREE (lookback);
323 bitsetv_free (F);
324}
325
326
327/*-----------------------------------------------------------.
328| Count the number of lookaheads required for S (NLOOKAHEADS |
329| member). |
330`-----------------------------------------------------------*/
331
332static int
333state_lookaheads_count (state *s)
334{
335 int k;
336 int nlookaheads = 0;
337 reductions *rp = s->reductions;
338 transitions *sp = s->transitions;
339
340 /* We need a lookahead either to distinguish different
341 reductions (i.e., there are two or more), or to distinguish a
342 reduction from a shift. Otherwise, it is straightforward,
343 and the state is `consistent'. */
344 if (rp->num > 1
345 || (rp->num == 1 && sp->num &&
346 !TRANSITION_IS_DISABLED (sp, 0) && TRANSITION_IS_SHIFT (sp, 0)))
347 nlookaheads += rp->num;
348 else
349 s->consistent = 1;
350
351 for (k = 0; k < sp->num; k++)
352 if (!TRANSITION_IS_DISABLED (sp, k) && TRANSITION_IS_ERROR (sp, k))
353 {
354 s->consistent = 0;
355 break;
356 }
357
358 return nlookaheads;
359}
360
361
362/*----------------------------------------------.
363| Compute LA, NLA, and the lookaheads members. |
364`----------------------------------------------*/
365
366static void
367initialize_LA (void)
368{
369 state_number i;
370 bitsetv pLA;
371
372 /* Compute the total number of reductions requiring a lookahead. */
373 nLA = 0;
374 for (i = 0; i < nstates; i++)
375 nLA += state_lookaheads_count (states[i]);
376 /* Avoid having to special case 0. */
377 if (!nLA)
378 nLA = 1;
379
380 pLA = LA = bitsetv_create (nLA, ntokens, BITSET_FIXED);
381 CALLOC (lookback, nLA);
382
383 /* Initialize the members LOOKAHEADS for each state which reductions
384 require lookaheads. */
385 for (i = 0; i < nstates; i++)
386 {
387 int count = state_lookaheads_count (states[i]);
388 if (count)
389 {
390 states[i]->reductions->lookaheads = pLA;
391 pLA += count;
392 }
393 }
394}
395
396
397/*---------------------------------------.
398| Output the lookaheads for each state. |
399`---------------------------------------*/
400
401static void
402lookaheads_print (FILE *out)
403{
404 state_number i;
405 int j, k;
406 fprintf (out, "Lookaheads: BEGIN\n");
407 for (i = 0; i < nstates; ++i)
408 {
409 reductions *reds = states[i]->reductions;
410 bitset_iterator iter;
411 int nlookaheads = 0;
412
413 if (reds->lookaheads)
414 for (k = 0; k < reds->num; ++k)
415 if (reds->lookaheads[k])
416 ++nlookaheads;
417
418 fprintf (out, "State %d: %d lookaheads\n",
419 i, nlookaheads);
420
421 if (reds->lookaheads)
422 for (j = 0; j < reds->num; ++j)
423 BITSET_FOR_EACH (iter, reds->lookaheads[j], k, 0)
424 {
425 fprintf (out, " on %d (%s) -> rule %d\n",
426 k, symbols[k]->tag,
427 reds->rules[j]->number);
428 };
429 }
430 fprintf (out, "Lookaheads: END\n");
431}
432
433void
434lalr (void)
435{
436 initialize_LA ();
437 set_goto_map ();
438 initialize_F ();
439 build_relations ();
440 compute_FOLLOWS ();
441 compute_lookaheads ();
442
443 if (trace_flag & trace_sets)
444 lookaheads_print (stderr);
445}
446
447
448void
449lalr_free (void)
450{
451 state_number s;
452 for (s = 0; s < nstates; ++s)
453 states[s]->reductions->lookaheads = NULL;
454 bitsetv_free (LA);
455}