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1 | Notes on the Free Translation Project | |
2 | ************************************* | |
3 | ||
4 | Free software is going international! The Free Translation Project | |
5 | is a way to get maintainers of free software, translators, and users all | |
6 | together, so that will gradually become able to speak many languages. | |
7 | A few packages already provide translations for their messages. | |
8 | ||
9 | If you found this `ABOUT-NLS' file inside a distribution, you may | |
10 | assume that the distributed package does use GNU `gettext' internally, | |
11 | itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you do _not_ | |
12 | need to install GNU `gettext' prior to configuring, installing or using | |
13 | this package with messages translated. | |
14 | ||
15 | Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also | |
16 | explain how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the | |
17 | available translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and | |
18 | work at translations should contact the appropriate team. | |
19 | ||
20 | When reporting bugs in the `intl/' directory or bugs which may be | |
21 | related to internationalization, you should tell about the version of | |
22 | `gettext' which is used. The information can be found in the | |
23 | `intl/VERSION' file, in internationalized packages. | |
24 | ||
25 | Quick configuration advice | |
26 | ========================== | |
27 | ||
28 | If you want to exploit the full power of internationalization, you | |
29 | should configure it using | |
30 | ||
31 | ./configure --with-included-gettext | |
32 | ||
33 | to force usage of internationalizing routines provided within this | |
34 | package, despite the existence of internationalizing capabilities in the | |
35 | operating system where this package is being installed. So far, only | |
36 | the `gettext' implementation in the GNU C library version 2 provides as | |
37 | many features (such as locale alias, message inheritance, automatic | |
38 | charset conversion or plural form handling) as the implementation here. | |
39 | It is also not possible to offer this additional functionality on top | |
40 | of a `catgets' implementation. Future versions of GNU `gettext' will | |
41 | very likely convey even more functionality. So it might be a good idea | |
42 | to change to GNU `gettext' as soon as possible. | |
43 | ||
44 | So you need _not_ provide this option if you are using GNU libc 2 or | |
45 | you have installed a recent copy of the GNU gettext package with the | |
46 | included `libintl'. | |
47 | ||
48 | INSTALL Matters | |
49 | =============== | |
50 | ||
51 | Some packages are "localizable" when properly installed; the | |
52 | programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language. | |
53 | Most such packages use GNU `gettext'. Other packages have their own | |
54 | ways to internationalization, predating GNU `gettext'. | |
55 | ||
56 | By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of | |
57 | messages. It will automatically detect whether the system already | |
58 | provides the GNU `gettext' functions. If not, the GNU `gettext' own | |
59 | library will be used. This library is wholly contained within this | |
60 | package, usually in the `intl/' subdirectory, so prior installation of | |
61 | the GNU `gettext' package is _not_ required. Installers may use | |
62 | special options at configuration time for changing the default | |
63 | behaviour. The commands: | |
64 | ||
65 | ./configure --with-included-gettext | |
66 | ./configure --disable-nls | |
67 | ||
68 | will respectively bypass any pre-existing `gettext' to use the | |
69 | internationalizing routines provided within this package, or else, | |
70 | _totally_ disable translation of messages. | |
71 | ||
72 | When you already have GNU `gettext' installed on your system and run | |
73 | configure without an option for your new package, `configure' will | |
74 | probably detect the previously built and installed `libintl.a' file and | |
75 | will decide to use this. This might be not what is desirable. You | |
76 | should use the more recent version of the GNU `gettext' library. I.e. | |
77 | if the file `intl/VERSION' shows that the library which comes with this | |
78 | package is more recent, you should use | |
79 | ||
80 | ./configure --with-included-gettext | |
81 | ||
82 | to prevent auto-detection. | |
83 | ||
84 | The configuration process will not test for the `catgets' function | |
85 | and therefore it will not be used. The reason is that even an | |
86 | emulation of `gettext' on top of `catgets' could not provide all the | |
87 | extensions of the GNU `gettext' library. | |
88 | ||
89 | Internationalized packages have usually many `po/LL.po' files, where | |
90 | LL gives an ISO 639 two-letter code identifying the language. Unless | |
91 | translations have been forbidden at `configure' time by using the | |
92 | `--disable-nls' switch, all available translations are installed | |
93 | together with the package. However, the environment variable `LINGUAS' | |
94 | may be set, prior to configuration, to limit the installed set. | |
95 | `LINGUAS' should then contain a space separated list of two-letter | |
96 | codes, stating which languages are allowed. | |
97 | ||
98 | Using This Package | |
99 | ================== | |
100 | ||
101 | As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you | |
102 | only have to set the `LANG' environment variable to the appropriate | |
103 | `LL_CC' combination. Here `LL' is an ISO 639 two-letter language code, | |
104 | and `CC' is an ISO 3166 two-letter country code. For example, let's | |
105 | suppose that you speak German and live in Germany. At the shell | |
106 | prompt, merely execute `setenv LANG de_DE' (in `csh'), | |
107 | `export LANG; LANG=de_DE' (in `sh') or `export LANG=de_DE' (in `bash'). | |
108 | This can be done from your `.login' or `.profile' file, once and for | |
109 | all. | |
110 | ||
111 | You might think that the country code specification is redundant. | |
112 | But in fact, some languages have dialects in different countries. For | |
113 | example, `de_AT' is used for Austria, and `pt_BR' for Brazil. The | |
114 | country code serves to distinguish the dialects. | |
115 | ||
116 | Not all programs have translations for all languages. By default, an | |
117 | English message is shown in place of a nonexistent translation. If you | |
118 | understand other languages, you can set up a priority list of languages. | |
119 | This is done through a different environment variable, called | |
120 | `LANGUAGE'. GNU `gettext' gives preference to `LANGUAGE' over `LANG' | |
121 | for the purpose of message handling, but you still need to have `LANG' | |
122 | set to the primary language; this is required by other parts of the | |
123 | system libraries. For example, some Swedish users who would rather | |
124 | read translations in German than English for when Swedish is not | |
125 | available, set `LANGUAGE' to `sv:de' while leaving `LANG' to `sv_SE'. | |
126 | ||
127 | In the `LANGUAGE' environment variable, but not in the `LANG' | |
128 | environment variable, `LL_CC' combinations can be abbreviated as `LL' | |
129 | to denote the language's main dialect. For example, `de' is equivalent | |
130 | to `de_DE' (German as spoken in Germany), and `pt' to `pt_PT' | |
131 | (Portuguese as spoken in Portugal) in this context. | |
132 | ||
133 | Translating Teams | |
134 | ================= | |
135 | ||
136 | For the Free Translation Project to be a success, we need interested | |
137 | people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also | |
138 | able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language. | |
139 | Each translation team has its own mailing list. The up-to-date list of | |
140 | teams can be found at the Free Translation Project's homepage, | |
141 | `http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/HTML/', in the "National teams" | |
142 | area. | |
143 | ||
144 | If you'd like to volunteer to _work_ at translating messages, you | |
145 | should become a member of the translating team for your own language. | |
146 | The subscribing address is _not_ the same as the list itself, it has | |
147 | `-request' appended. For example, speakers of Swedish can send a | |
148 | message to `sv-request@li.org', having this message body: | |
149 | ||
150 | subscribe | |
151 | ||
152 | Keep in mind that team members are expected to participate | |
153 | _actively_ in translations, or at solving translational difficulties, | |
154 | rather than merely lurking around. If your team does not exist yet and | |
155 | you want to start one, or if you are unsure about what to do or how to | |
156 | get started, please write to `translation@iro.umontreal.ca' to reach the | |
157 | coordinator for all translator teams. | |
158 | ||
159 | The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing | |
160 | the terminology in use. Proven linguistic skill are praised more than | |
161 | programming skill, here. | |
162 | ||
163 | Available Packages | |
164 | ================== | |
165 | ||
166 | Languages are not equally supported in all packages. The following | |
167 | matrix shows the current state of internationalization, as of July | |
168 | 2001. The matrix shows, in regard of each package, for which languages | |
169 | PO files have been submitted to translation coordination, with a | |
170 | translation percentage of at least 50%. | |
171 | ||
172 | Ready PO files bg cs da de el en eo es et fi fr gl he hr id it | |
173 | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
174 | a2ps | [] [] | | |
175 | bash | [] [] [] [] | | |
176 | bfd | | | |
177 | binutils | | | |
178 | bison | [] [] [] [] | | |
179 | clisp | [] [] [] [] | | |
180 | cpio | [] [] [] [] [] | | |
181 | diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
182 | enscript | [] [] | | |
183 | error | [] [] | | |
184 | fetchmail | | | |
185 | fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
186 | findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
187 | flex | [] [] [] | | |
188 | freetype | | | |
189 | gas | | | |
190 | gawk | [] | | |
191 | gcal | | | |
192 | gcc | | | |
193 | gettext | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
194 | gnupg | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
195 | gprof | | | |
196 | grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
197 | hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
198 | id-utils | [] [] [] | | |
199 | indent | [] [] [] [] [] | | |
200 | jpilot | [] | | |
201 | kbd | | | |
202 | ld | | | |
203 | libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
204 | lilypond | | | |
205 | lynx | [] [] [] | | |
206 | m4 | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
207 | make | [] [] [] [] [] | | |
208 | nano | [] [] | | |
209 | opcodes | | | |
210 | parted | [] [] | | |
211 | ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
212 | python | | | |
213 | recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
214 | sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
215 | sh-utils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
216 | sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
217 | soundtracker | [] | | |
218 | sp | | | |
219 | tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
220 | texinfo | [] [] [] [] [] | | |
221 | textutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
222 | util-linux | [] [] | | |
223 | wdiff | [] [] | | |
224 | wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | |
225 | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
226 | bg cs da de el en eo es et fi fr gl he hr id it | |
227 | 0 13 23 30 11 1 8 21 13 1 29 22 3 0 8 10 | |
228 | ||
229 | ja ko lv nl no pl pt pt_BR ru sk sl sv tr uk zh | |
230 | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
231 | a2ps | [] [] [] | 5 | |
232 | bash | | 4 | |
233 | bfd | | 0 | |
234 | binutils | | 0 | |
235 | bison | [] [] [] | 7 | |
236 | clisp | [] | 5 | |
237 | cpio | [] [] [] [] [] | 10 | |
238 | diffutils | [] [] [] | 10 | |
239 | enscript | [] [] [] | 5 | |
240 | error | [] | 3 | |
241 | fetchmail | | 0 | |
242 | fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 17 | |
243 | findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 16 | |
244 | flex | [] [] [] | 6 | |
245 | freetype | | 0 | |
246 | gas | | 0 | |
247 | gawk | [] | 2 | |
248 | gcal | | 0 | |
249 | gcc | | 0 | |
250 | gettext | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 18 | |
251 | gnupg | [] [] [] [] | 10 | |
252 | gprof | | 0 | |
253 | grep | [] [] [] | 10 | |
254 | hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 21 | |
255 | id-utils | [] [] [] | 6 | |
256 | indent | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 12 | |
257 | jpilot | | 1 | |
258 | kbd | [] | 1 | |
259 | ld | | 0 | |
260 | libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 17 | |
261 | lilypond | [] [] | 2 | |
262 | lynx | [] [] [] [] [] | 8 | |
263 | m4 | [] [] [] [] [] | 12 | |
264 | make | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 12 | |
265 | nano | [] | 3 | |
266 | opcodes | | 0 | |
267 | parted | [] [] [] | 5 | |
268 | ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 14 | |
269 | python | | 0 | |
270 | recode | [] [] [] [] | 13 | |
271 | sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 18 | |
272 | sh-utils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 20 | |
273 | sharutils | [] [] [] [] | 11 | |
274 | soundtracker | | 1 | |
275 | sp | | 0 | |
276 | tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 17 | |
277 | texinfo | [] [] | 7 | |
278 | textutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 15 | |
279 | util-linux | [] [] | 4 | |
280 | wdiff | [] [] [] | 5 | |
281 | wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 16 | |
282 | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
283 | 31 teams ja ko lv nl no pl pt pt_BR ru sk sl sv tr uk zh | |
284 | 51 domains 17 9 1 23 6 17 1 13 26 9 11 20 19 2 2 369 | |
285 | ||
286 | Some counters in the preceding matrix are higher than the number of | |
287 | visible blocks let us expect. This is because a few extra PO files are | |
288 | used for implementing regional variants of languages, or language | |
289 | dialects. | |
290 | ||
291 | For a PO file in the matrix above to be effective, the package to | |
292 | which it applies should also have been internationalized and | |
293 | distributed as such by its maintainer. There might be an observable | |
294 | lag between the mere existence a PO file and its wide availability in a | |
295 | distribution. | |
296 | ||
297 | If July 2001 seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy of | |
298 | this `ABOUT-NLS' file on most GNU archive sites. The most up-to-date | |
299 | matrix with full percentage details can be found at | |
300 | `http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/HTML/matrix.html'. | |
301 | ||
302 | Using `gettext' in new packages | |
303 | =============================== | |
304 | ||
305 | If you are writing a freely available program and want to | |
306 | internationalize it you are welcome to use GNU `gettext' in your | |
307 | package. Of course the GNU General Public License applies to your | |
308 | sources from then on if you include `gettext' directly in your | |
309 | distribution but since you are writing free software anyway this is no | |
310 | restriction. | |
311 | ||
312 | Once the sources are changed appropriately and the setup can handle | |
313 | to use of `gettext' the only thing missing are the translations. The | |
314 | Free Translation Project is also available for packages which are not | |
315 | developed inside the GNU project. Therefore the information given above | |
316 | applies also for every other Free Software Project. Contact | |
317 | `translation@iro.umontreal.ca' to make the `.pot' files available to | |
318 | the translation teams. | |
319 |