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1/* Compute look-ahead criteria for bison,
2 Copyright (C) 1984, 1986, 1989, 2000, 2001, 2002
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4
5 This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
6
7 Bison is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
10 any later version.
11
12 Bison is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
16
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with Bison; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
19 the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
20 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
21
22
23/* Compute how to make the finite state machine deterministic; find
24 which rules need lookahead in each state, and which lookahead
25 tokens they accept. */
26
27#include "system.h"
28#include "bitset.h"
29#include "bitsetv.h"
30#include "relation.h"
31#include "quotearg.h"
32#include "symtab.h"
33#include "gram.h"
34#include "reader.h"
35#include "LR0.h"
36#include "complain.h"
37#include "lalr.h"
38#include "nullable.h"
39#include "derives.h"
40#include "getargs.h"
41
42goto_number_t *goto_map = NULL;
43static goto_number_t ngotos = 0;
44state_number_t *from_state = NULL;
45state_number_t *to_state = NULL;
46
47/* Linked list of goto numbers. */
48typedef struct goto_list_s
49{
50 struct goto_list_s *next;
51 goto_number_t value;
52} goto_list_t;
53
54
55/* LA is a LR by NTOKENS matrix of bits. LA[l, i] is 1 if the rule
56 LArule[l] is applicable in the appropriate state when the next
57 token is symbol i. If LA[l, i] and LA[l, j] are both 1 for i != j,
58 it is a conflict. */
59
60static bitsetv LA = NULL;
61size_t nLA;
62
63
64/* And for the famous F variable, which name is so descriptive that a
65 comment is hardly needed. <grin>. */
66static bitsetv F = NULL;
67
68static goto_number_t **includes;
69static goto_list_t **lookback;
70
71
72
73
74static void
75set_goto_map (void)
76{
77 state_number_t state;
78 goto_number_t *temp_map;
79
80 goto_map = XCALLOC (goto_number_t, nvars + 1) - ntokens;
81 temp_map = XCALLOC (goto_number_t, nvars + 1) - ntokens;
82
83 ngotos = 0;
84 for (state = 0; state < nstates; ++state)
85 {
86 transitions_t *sp = states[state]->transitions;
87 int i;
88 for (i = sp->num - 1; i >= 0 && TRANSITION_IS_GOTO (sp, i); --i)
89 {
90 if (ngotos >= GOTO_NUMBER_MAX)
91 abort ();
92 ngotos++;
93 goto_map[TRANSITION_SYMBOL (sp, i)]++;
94 }
95 }
96
97 {
98 int k = 0;
99 int i;
100 for (i = ntokens; i < nsyms; i++)
101 {
102 temp_map[i] = k;
103 k += goto_map[i];
104 }
105
106 for (i = ntokens; i < nsyms; i++)
107 goto_map[i] = temp_map[i];
108
109 goto_map[nsyms] = ngotos;
110 temp_map[nsyms] = ngotos;
111 }
112
113 from_state = XCALLOC (state_number_t, ngotos);
114 to_state = XCALLOC (state_number_t, ngotos);
115
116 for (state = 0; state < nstates; ++state)
117 {
118 transitions_t *sp = states[state]->transitions;
119 int i;
120 for (i = sp->num - 1; i >= 0 && TRANSITION_IS_GOTO (sp, i); --i)
121 {
122 int k = temp_map[TRANSITION_SYMBOL (sp, i)]++;
123 from_state[k] = state;
124 to_state[k] = sp->states[i]->number;
125 }
126 }
127
128 XFREE (temp_map + ntokens);
129}
130
131
132
133/*----------------------------------------------------------.
134| Map a state/symbol pair into its numeric representation. |
135`----------------------------------------------------------*/
136
137static int
138map_goto (state_number_t state, symbol_number_t symbol)
139{
140 int high;
141 int low;
142 int middle;
143 state_number_t s;
144
145 low = goto_map[symbol];
146 high = goto_map[symbol + 1] - 1;
147
148 for (;;)
149 {
150 if (high < low)
151 abort ();
152 middle = (low + high) / 2;
153 s = from_state[middle];
154 if (s == state)
155 return middle;
156 else if (s < state)
157 low = middle + 1;
158 else
159 high = middle - 1;
160 }
161}
162
163
164static void
165initialize_F (void)
166{
167 goto_number_t **reads = XCALLOC (goto_number_t *, ngotos);
168 goto_number_t *edge = XCALLOC (goto_number_t, ngotos + 1);
169 int nedges = 0;
170
171 int i;
172
173 F = bitsetv_create (ngotos, ntokens, BITSET_FIXED);
174
175 for (i = 0; i < ngotos; i++)
176 {
177 state_number_t stateno = to_state[i];
178 transitions_t *sp = states[stateno]->transitions;
179
180 int j;
181 FOR_EACH_SHIFT (sp, j)
182 bitset_set (F[i], TRANSITION_SYMBOL (sp, j));
183
184 for (; j < sp->num; j++)
185 {
186 symbol_number_t symbol = TRANSITION_SYMBOL (sp, j);
187 if (nullable[symbol])
188 edge[nedges++] = map_goto (stateno, symbol);
189 }
190
191 if (nedges)
192 {
193 reads[i] = XCALLOC (goto_number_t, nedges + 1);
194 memcpy (reads[i], edge, nedges * sizeof (edge[0]));
195 reads[i][nedges] = -1;
196 nedges = 0;
197 }
198 }
199
200 relation_digraph (reads, ngotos, &F);
201
202 for (i = 0; i < ngotos; i++)
203 XFREE (reads[i]);
204
205 XFREE (reads);
206 XFREE (edge);
207}
208
209
210static void
211add_lookback_edge (state_t *state, rule_t *rule, int gotono)
212{
213 int r = state_reduction_find (state, rule);
214 goto_list_t *sp = XCALLOC (goto_list_t, 1);
215 sp->next = lookback[(state->reductions->lookaheads - LA) + r];
216 sp->value = gotono;
217 lookback[(state->reductions->lookaheads - LA) + r] = sp;
218}
219
220
221
222static void
223build_relations (void)
224{
225 goto_number_t *edge = XCALLOC (goto_number_t, ngotos + 1);
226 state_number_t *states1 = XCALLOC (state_number_t, ritem_longest_rhs () + 1);
227 int i;
228
229 includes = XCALLOC (goto_number_t *, ngotos);
230
231 for (i = 0; i < ngotos; i++)
232 {
233 int nedges = 0;
234 symbol_number_t symbol1 = states[to_state[i]]->accessing_symbol;
235 rule_t **rulep;
236
237 for (rulep = derives[symbol1]; *rulep; rulep++)
238 {
239 int done;
240 int length = 1;
241 item_number_t *rp;
242 state_t *state = states[from_state[i]];
243 states1[0] = state->number;
244
245 for (rp = (*rulep)->rhs; *rp >= 0; rp++)
246 {
247 state = transitions_to (state->transitions,
248 item_number_as_symbol_number (*rp));
249 states1[length++] = state->number;
250 }
251
252 if (!state->consistent)
253 add_lookback_edge (state, *rulep, i);
254
255 length--;
256 done = 0;
257 while (!done)
258 {
259 done = 1;
260 rp--;
261 /* JF added rp>=ritem && I hope to god its right! */
262 if (rp >= ritem && ISVAR (*rp))
263 {
264 /* Downcasting from item_number_t to symbol_number_t. */
265 edge[nedges++] = map_goto (states1[--length],
266 item_number_as_symbol_number (*rp));
267 if (nullable[*rp])
268 done = 0;
269 }
270 }
271 }
272
273 if (nedges)
274 {
275 int j;
276 includes[i] = XCALLOC (goto_number_t, nedges + 1);
277 for (j = 0; j < nedges; j++)
278 includes[i][j] = edge[j];
279 includes[i][nedges] = -1;
280 }
281 }
282
283 XFREE (edge);
284 XFREE (states1);
285
286 relation_transpose (&includes, ngotos);
287}
288
289
290
291static void
292compute_FOLLOWS (void)
293{
294 int i;
295
296 relation_digraph (includes, ngotos, &F);
297
298 for (i = 0; i < ngotos; i++)
299 XFREE (includes[i]);
300
301 XFREE (includes);
302}
303
304
305static void
306compute_lookaheads (void)
307{
308 size_t i;
309 goto_list_t *sp;
310
311 for (i = 0; i < nLA; i++)
312 for (sp = lookback[i]; sp; sp = sp->next)
313 bitset_or (LA[i], LA[i], F[sp->value]);
314
315 /* Free LOOKBACK. */
316 for (i = 0; i < nLA; i++)
317 LIST_FREE (goto_list_t, lookback[i]);
318
319 XFREE (lookback);
320 bitsetv_free (F);
321}
322
323
324/*---------------------------------------------------------------.
325| Count the number of lookaheads required for STATE (NLOOKAHEADS |
326| member). |
327`---------------------------------------------------------------*/
328
329static int
330state_lookaheads_count (state_t *state)
331{
332 int k;
333 int nlookaheads = 0;
334 reductions_t *rp = state->reductions;
335 transitions_t *sp = state->transitions;
336
337 /* We need a lookahead either to distinguish different
338 reductions (i.e., there are two or more), or to distinguish a
339 reduction from a shift. Otherwise, it is straightforward,
340 and the state is `consistent'. */
341 if (rp->num > 1
342 || (rp->num == 1 && sp->num &&
343 !TRANSITION_IS_DISABLED (sp, 0) && TRANSITION_IS_SHIFT (sp, 0)))
344 nlookaheads += rp->num;
345 else
346 state->consistent = 1;
347
348 for (k = 0; k < sp->num; k++)
349 if (!TRANSITION_IS_DISABLED (sp, k) && TRANSITION_IS_ERROR (sp, k))
350 {
351 state->consistent = 0;
352 break;
353 }
354
355 return nlookaheads;
356}
357
358
359/*----------------------------------------------.
360| Compute LA, NLA, and the lookaheads members. |
361`----------------------------------------------*/
362
363static void
364initialize_LA (void)
365{
366 state_number_t i;
367 bitsetv pLA;
368
369 /* Compute the total number of reductions requiring a lookahead. */
370 nLA = 0;
371 for (i = 0; i < nstates; i++)
372 nLA += state_lookaheads_count (states[i]);
373 /* Avoid having to special case 0. */
374 if (!nLA)
375 nLA = 1;
376
377 pLA = LA = bitsetv_create (nLA, ntokens, BITSET_FIXED);
378 lookback = XCALLOC (goto_list_t *, nLA);
379
380 /* Initialize the members LOOKAHEADS for each state which reductions
381 require lookaheads. */
382 for (i = 0; i < nstates; i++)
383 {
384 int count = state_lookaheads_count (states[i]);
385 if (count)
386 {
387 states[i]->reductions->lookaheads = pLA;
388 pLA += count;
389 }
390 }
391}
392
393
394/*---------------------------------------.
395| Output the lookaheads for each state. |
396`---------------------------------------*/
397
398static void
399lookaheads_print (FILE *out)
400{
401 state_number_t i;
402 int j, k;
403 fprintf (out, "Lookaheads: BEGIN\n");
404 for (i = 0; i < nstates; ++i)
405 {
406 reductions_t *reds = states[i]->reductions;
407 bitset_iterator iter;
408 int nlookaheads = 0;
409
410 if (reds->lookaheads)
411 for (k = 0; k < reds->num; ++k)
412 if (reds->lookaheads[k])
413 ++nlookaheads;
414
415 fprintf (out, "State %d: %d lookaheads\n",
416 i, nlookaheads);
417
418 if (reds->lookaheads)
419 for (j = 0; j < reds->num; ++j)
420 BITSET_FOR_EACH (iter, reds->lookaheads[j], k, 0)
421 {
422 fprintf (out, " on %d (%s) -> rule %d\n",
423 k, symbols[k]->tag,
424 reds->rules[j]->number);
425 };
426 }
427 fprintf (out, "Lookaheads: END\n");
428}
429
430void
431lalr (void)
432{
433 initialize_LA ();
434 set_goto_map ();
435 initialize_F ();
436 build_relations ();
437 compute_FOLLOWS ();
438 compute_lookaheads ();
439
440 if (trace_flag & trace_sets)
441 lookaheads_print (stderr);
442}
443
444
445void
446lalr_free (void)
447{
448 state_number_t s;
449 for (s = 0; s < nstates; ++s)
450 states[s]->reductions->lookaheads = NULL;
451 bitsetv_free (LA);
452}