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1Bison News
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3af4feb2 3
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4Changes in version 2.3+:
5
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6* Instead of %union, you can define and use your own union type
7 YYSTYPE if your grammar contains at least one <type> tag.
8 Your YYSTYPE need not be a macro; it can be a typedef.
9 This change is for compatibility with other Yacc implementations,
10 and is required by POSIX.
11
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12* Locations columns and lines start at 1.
13 In accordance with the GNU Coding Standards and Emacs.
14
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15* You may now declare a default %destructor and %printer:
16
17 For example:
18
19 %union { char *string; }
20 %token <string> STRING1
21 %token <string> STRING2
22 %type <string> string1
23 %type <string> string2
24 %destructor { free ($$); }
25 %destructor { free ($$); printf ("%d", @$.first_line); } STRING1 string1
26
27 guarantees that, when the parser discards any user-declared symbol, it passes
28 its semantic value to `free'. However, when the parser discards a `STRING1'
29 or a `string1', it also prints its line number to `stdout'. It performs only
30 the second `%destructor' in this case, so it invokes `free' only once.
31
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32* Except for LALR(1) parsers in C with POSIX Yacc emulation enabled (with `-y',
33 `--yacc', or `%yacc'), Bison no longer generates #define statements for
34 associating token numbers with token names. Removing the #define statements
35 helps to sanitize the global namespace during preprocessing, but POSIX Yacc
36 requires them. Bison still generates an enum for token names in all cases.
37
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38* Handling of traditional Yacc prologue blocks is now more consistent but
39 potentially incompatible with previous releases of Bison.
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40
41 As before, you declare prologue blocks in your grammar file with the
42 `%{ ... %}' syntax. To generate the pre-prologue, Bison concatenates all
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43 prologue blocks that you've declared before the first %union. To generate
44 the post-prologue, Bison concatenates all prologue blocks that you've
ddc8ede1 45 declared after the first %union.
9bc0dd67 46
34f98f46 47 Previous releases of Bison inserted the pre-prologue into both the header
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48 file and the code file in all cases except for LALR(1) parsers in C. In the
49 latter case, Bison inserted it only into the code file. For parsers in C++,
50 the point of insertion was before any token definitions (which associate
51 token numbers with names). For parsers in C, the point of insertion was
52 after the token definitions.
53
54 Now, Bison never inserts the pre-prologue into the header file. In the code
55 file, it always inserts it before the token definitions.
56
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57* Bison now provides a more flexible alternative to the traditional Yacc
58 prologue blocks: %before-header, %start-header, %end-header, and
59 %after-header.
60
61 For example, the following declaration order in the grammar file reflects the
62 order in which Bison will output these code blocks. However, you are free to
63 declare these code blocks in your grammar file in whatever order is most
64 convenient for you:
65
66 %before-header {
67 /* Bison treats this block like a pre-prologue block: it inserts it into
68 * the code file before the contents of the header file. It does *not*
69 * insert it into the header file. This is a good place to put
70 * #include's that you want at the top of your code file. A common
71 * example is `#include "system.h"'. */
72 }
73 %start-header {
74 /* Bison inserts this block into both the header file and the code file.
75 * In both files, the point of insertion is before any Bison-generated
76 * token, semantic type, location type, and class definitions. This is a
77 * good place to define %union dependencies, for example. */
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78 }
79 %union {
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80 /* Unlike the traditional Yacc prologue blocks, the output order for the
81 * new %*-header blocks is not affected by their declaration position
82 * relative to any %union in the grammar file. */
9bc0dd67 83 }
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84 %end-header {
85 /* Bison inserts this block into both the header file and the code file.
86 * In both files, the point of insertion is after the Bison-generated
87 * definitions. This is a good place to declare or define public
88 * functions or data structures that depend on the Bison-generated
89 * definitions. */
9bc0dd67 90 }
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91 %after-header {
92 /* Bison treats this block like a post-prologue block: it inserts it into
93 * the code file after the contents of the header file. It does *not*
94 * insert it into the header file. This is a good place to declare or
95 * define internal functions or data structures that depend on the
96 * Bison-generated definitions. */
97 }
98
99 If you have multiple occurrences of any one of the above declarations, Bison
100 will concatenate the contents in declaration order.
9bc0dd67 101
742e4900 102* The option `--report=look-ahead' has been changed to `--report=lookahead'.
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103 The old spelling still works, but is not documented and may be removed
104 in a future release.
742e4900 105
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106Changes in version 2.3, 2006-06-05:
107
108* GLR grammars should now use `YYRECOVERING ()' instead of `YYRECOVERING',
109 for compatibility with LALR(1) grammars.
110
111* It is now documented that any definition of YYSTYPE or YYLTYPE should
112 be to a type name that does not contain parentheses or brackets.
113
ab8d9dc5 114Changes in version 2.2, 2006-05-19:
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115
116* The distribution terms for all Bison-generated parsers now permit
117 using the parsers in nonfree programs. Previously, this permission
118 was granted only for Bison-generated LALR(1) parsers in C.
5f4236a0 119
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120* %name-prefix changes the namespace name in C++ outputs.
121
122* The C++ parsers export their token_type.
5f4236a0 123
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124* Bison now allows multiple %union declarations, and concatenates
125 their contents together.
126
affac613 127* New warning: unused values
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128 Right-hand side symbols whose values are not used are reported,
129 if the symbols have destructors. For instance:
affac613 130
8f3596a6 131 exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp { $1 ? $1 : $3; }
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132 | exp "+" exp
133 ;
affac613 134
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135 will trigger a warning about $$ and $5 in the first rule, and $3 in
136 the second ($1 is copied to $$ by the default rule). This example
4e26c69e 137 most likely contains three errors, and could be rewritten as:
affac613 138
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139 exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp
140 { $$ = $1 ? $3 : $5; free ($1 ? $5 : $3); free ($1); }
141 | exp "+" exp
142 { $$ = $1 ? $1 : $3; if ($1) free ($3); }
721be13c 143 ;
affac613 144
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145 However, if the original actions were really intended, memory leaks
146 and all, the warnings can be suppressed by letting Bison believe the
147 values are used, e.g.:
721be13c 148
8f3596a6 149 exp: exp "?" exp ":" exp { $1 ? $1 : $3; (void) ($$, $5); }
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150 | exp "+" exp { $$ = $1; (void) $3; }
151 ;
152
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153 If there are mid-rule actions, the warning is issued if no action
154 uses it. The following triggers no warning: $1 and $3 are used.
155
156 exp: exp { push ($1); } '+' exp { push ($3); sum (); };
157
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158 The warning is intended to help catching lost values and memory leaks.
159 If a value is ignored, its associated memory typically is not reclaimed.
affac613 160
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161* %destructor vs. YYABORT, YYACCEPT, and YYERROR.
162 Destructors are now called when user code invokes YYABORT, YYACCEPT,
163 and YYERROR, for all objects on the stack, other than objects
164 corresponding to the right-hand side of the current rule.
a85284cf 165
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166* %expect, %expect-rr
167 Incorrect numbers of expected conflicts are now actual errors,
168 instead of warnings.
169
4b367315 170* GLR, YACC parsers.
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171 The %parse-params are available in the destructors (and the
172 experimental printers) as per the documentation.
4b367315 173
302c0aee 174* Bison now warns if it finds a stray `$' or `@' in an action.
ad6a9b97 175
b50d2359 176* %require "VERSION"
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177 This specifies that the grammar file depends on features implemented
178 in Bison version VERSION or higher.
b50d2359 179
fb9712a9 180* lalr1.cc: The token and value types are now class members.
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181 The tokens were defined as free form enums and cpp macros. YYSTYPE
182 was defined as a free form union. They are now class members:
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183 tokens are enumerations of the `yy::parser::token' struct, and the
184 semantic values have the `yy::parser::semantic_type' type.
185
186 If you do not want or can update to this scheme, the directive
187 `%define "global_tokens_and_yystype" "1"' triggers the global
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188 definition of tokens and YYSTYPE. This change is suitable both
189 for previous releases of Bison, and this one.
fb9712a9 190
b50d2359 191 If you wish to update, then make sure older version of Bison will
ab8d9dc5 192 fail using `%require "2.2"'.
fb9712a9 193
302c0aee 194* DJGPP support added.
193d7c70 195\f
1bd0deda 196Changes in version 2.1, 2005-09-16:
1ce59070 197
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198* The C++ lalr1.cc skeleton supports %lex-param.
199
a7db4add 200* Bison-generated parsers now support the translation of diagnostics like
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201 "syntax error" into languages other than English. The default
202 language is still English. For details, please see the new
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203 Internationalization section of the Bison manual. Software
204 distributors should also see the new PACKAGING file. Thanks to
205 Bruno Haible for this new feature.
1ce59070 206
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207* Wording in the Bison-generated parsers has been changed slightly to
208 simplify translation. In particular, the message "memory exhausted"
209 has replaced "parser stack overflow", as the old message was not
210 always accurate for modern Bison-generated parsers.
211
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212* Destructors are now called when the parser aborts, for all symbols left
213 behind on the stack. Also, the start symbol is now destroyed after a
214 successful parse. In both cases, the behavior was formerly inconsistent.
215
a7db4add 216* When generating verbose diagnostics, Bison-generated parsers no longer
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217 quote the literal strings associated with tokens. For example, for
218 a syntax error associated with '%token NUM "number"' they might
219 print 'syntax error, unexpected number' instead of 'syntax error,
220 unexpected "number"'.
193d7c70 221\f
82de6b0d 222Changes in version 2.0, 2004-12-25:
efeed023 223
82de6b0d 224* Possibly-incompatible changes
d7e14fc0 225
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226 - Bison-generated parsers no longer default to using the alloca function
227 (when available) to extend the parser stack, due to widespread
228 problems in unchecked stack-overflow detection. You can "#define
229 YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA 1" to require the use of alloca, but please read
230 the manual to determine safe values for YYMAXDEPTH in that case.
8dd162d3 231
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232 - Error token location.
233 During error recovery, the location of the syntax error is updated
234 to cover the whole sequence covered by the error token: it includes
235 the shifted symbols thrown away during the first part of the error
236 recovery, and the lookahead rejected during the second part.
18d192f0 237
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238 - Semicolon changes:
239 . Stray semicolons are no longer allowed at the start of a grammar.
240 . Semicolons are now required after in-grammar declarations.
e342c3be 241
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242 - Unescaped newlines are no longer allowed in character constants or
243 string literals. They were never portable, and GCC 3.4.0 has
244 dropped support for them. Better diagnostics are now generated if
245 forget a closing quote.
8dd162d3 246
82de6b0d 247 - NUL bytes are no longer allowed in Bison string literals, unfortunately.
f74b6f91 248
82de6b0d 249* New features
1452af69 250
82de6b0d 251 - GLR grammars now support locations.
4febdd96 252
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253 - New directive: %initial-action.
254 This directive allows the user to run arbitrary code (including
255 initializing @$) from yyparse before parsing starts.
1452af69 256
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257 - A new directive "%expect-rr N" specifies the expected number of
258 reduce/reduce conflicts in GLR parsers.
1452af69 259
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260 - %token numbers can now be hexadecimal integers, e.g., `%token FOO 0x12d'.
261 This is a GNU extension.
4febdd96 262
82de6b0d 263 - The option `--report=lookahead' was changed to `--report=look-ahead'.
9e6e7ed2 264 [However, this was changed back after 2.3.]
1452af69 265
82de6b0d 266 - Experimental %destructor support has been added to lalr1.cc.
1452af69 267
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268 - New configure option --disable-yacc, to disable installation of the
269 yacc command and -ly library introduced in 1.875 for POSIX conformance.
6040d338 270
82de6b0d 271* Bug fixes
d5a3fe37 272
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273 - For now, %expect-count violations are now just warnings, not errors.
274 This is for compatibility with Bison 1.75 and earlier (when there are
275 reduce/reduce conflicts) and with Bison 1.30 and earlier (when there
276 are too many or too few shift/reduce conflicts). However, in future
277 versions of Bison we plan to improve the %expect machinery so that
278 these violations will become errors again.
3473d0f8 279
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280 - Within Bison itself, numbers (e.g., goto numbers) are no longer
281 arbitrarily limited to 16-bit counts.
d600ee67 282
82de6b0d 283 - Semicolons are now allowed before "|" in grammar rules, as POSIX requires.
d600ee67 284\f
dc546b0f 285Changes in version 1.875, 2003-01-01:
963fcc17 286
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287* The documentation license has been upgraded to version 1.2
288 of the GNU Free Documentation License.
75eb3bc4 289
dc546b0f 290* syntax error processing
75eb3bc4 291
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292 - In Yacc-style parsers YYLLOC_DEFAULT is now used to compute error
293 locations too. This fixes bugs in error-location computation.
75eb3bc4 294
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295 - %destructor
296 It is now possible to reclaim the memory associated to symbols
297 discarded during error recovery. This feature is still experimental.
20daca06 298
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299 - %error-verbose
300 This new directive is preferred over YYERROR_VERBOSE.
74724a70 301
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302 - #defining yyerror to steal internal variables is discouraged.
303 It is not guaranteed to work forever.
d1de5372 304
dc546b0f 305* POSIX conformance
d1de5372 306
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307 - Semicolons are once again optional at the end of grammar rules.
308 This reverts to the behavior of Bison 1.33 and earlier, and improves
309 compatibility with Yacc.
74724a70 310
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311 - `parse error' -> `syntax error'
312 Bison now uniformly uses the term `syntax error'; formerly, the code
313 and manual sometimes used the term `parse error' instead. POSIX
314 requires `syntax error' in diagnostics, and it was thought better to
315 be consistent.
74724a70 316
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317 - The documentation now emphasizes that yylex and yyerror must be
318 declared before use. C99 requires this.
d1de5372 319
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320 - Bison now parses C99 lexical constructs like UCNs and
321 backslash-newline within C escape sequences, as POSIX 1003.1-2001 requires.
d1de5372 322
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323 - File names are properly escaped in C output. E.g., foo\bar.y is
324 output as "foo\\bar.y".
6780ca7a 325
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326 - Yacc command and library now available
327 The Bison distribution now installs a `yacc' command, as POSIX requires.
328 Also, Bison now installs a small library liby.a containing
329 implementations of Yacc-compatible yyerror and main functions.
330 This library is normally not useful, but POSIX requires it.
6e649e65 331
dc546b0f 332 - Type clashes now generate warnings, not errors.
6e649e65 333
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334 - If the user does not define YYSTYPE as a macro, Bison now declares it
335 using typedef instead of defining it as a macro.
336 For consistency, YYLTYPE is also declared instead of defined.
9501dc6e 337
dc546b0f 338* Other compatibility issues
886a425c 339
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340 - %union directives can now have a tag before the `{', e.g., the
341 directive `%union foo {...}' now generates the C code
342 `typedef union foo { ... } YYSTYPE;'; this is for Yacc compatibility.
343 The default union tag is `YYSTYPE', for compatibility with Solaris 9 Yacc.
344 For consistency, YYLTYPE's struct tag is now `YYLTYPE' not `yyltype'.
345 This is for compatibility with both Yacc and Bison 1.35.
72f889cc 346
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347 - `;' is output before the terminating `}' of an action, for
348 compatibility with Bison 1.35.
886a425c 349
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350 - Bison now uses a Yacc-style format for conflict reports, e.g.,
351 `conflicts: 2 shift/reduce, 1 reduce/reduce'.
437c2d80 352
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353 - `yystype' and `yyltype' are now obsolescent macros instead of being
354 typedefs or tags; they are no longer documented and are planned to be
355 withdrawn in a future release.
2a8d363a 356
dc546b0f 357* GLR parser notes
2a8d363a 358
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359 - GLR and inline
360 Users of Bison have to decide how they handle the portability of the
361 C keyword `inline'.
959e5f51 362
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363 - `parsing stack overflow...' -> `parser stack overflow'
364 GLR parsers now report `parser stack overflow' as per the Bison manual.
900c5db5 365
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366* Bison now warns if it detects conflicting outputs to the same file,
367 e.g., it generates a warning for `bison -d -o foo.h foo.y' since
368 that command outputs both code and header to foo.h.
6e40b4eb 369
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370* #line in output files
371 - --no-line works properly.
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372
373* Bison can no longer be built by a K&R C compiler; it requires C89 or
374 later to be built. This change originally took place a few versions
375 ago, but nobody noticed until we recently asked someone to try
376 building Bison with a K&R C compiler.
d600ee67 377\f
5c16c6b1 378Changes in version 1.75, 2002-10-14:
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379
380* Bison should now work on 64-bit hosts.
381
b7195100 382* Indonesian translation thanks to Tedi Heriyanto.
7933f2b5 383
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384* GLR parsers
385 Fix spurious parse errors.
386
387* Pure parsers
388 Some people redefine yyerror to steal yyparse' private variables.
389 Reenable this trick until an official feature replaces it.
390
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391* Type Clashes
392 In agreement with POSIX and with other Yaccs, leaving a default
393 action is valid when $$ is untyped, and $1 typed:
394
395 untyped: ... typed;
396
397 but the converse remains an error:
398
399 typed: ... untyped;
400
401* Values of mid-rule actions
402 The following code:
403
404 foo: { ... } { $$ = $1; } ...
405
406 was incorrectly rejected: $1 is defined in the second mid-rule
407 action, and is equal to the $$ of the first mid-rule action.
d600ee67 408\f
420f93c8 409Changes in version 1.50, 2002-10-04:
adc8c848 410
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411* GLR parsing
412 The declaration
413 %glr-parser
414 causes Bison to produce a Generalized LR (GLR) parser, capable of handling
415 almost any context-free grammar, ambiguous or not. The new declarations
e8832397 416 %dprec and %merge on grammar rules allow parse-time resolution of
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417 ambiguities. Contributed by Paul Hilfinger.
418
7933f2b5 419 Unfortunately Bison 1.50 does not work properly on 64-bit hosts
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420 like the Alpha, so please stick to 32-bit hosts for now.
421
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422* Output Directory
423 When not in Yacc compatibility mode, when the output file was not
e88dbdbf 424 specified, running `bison foo/bar.y' created `foo/bar.c'. It
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425 now creates `bar.c'.
426
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427* Undefined token
428 The undefined token was systematically mapped to 2 which prevented
e88dbdbf 429 the use of 2 by the user. This is no longer the case.
007a50a4 430
77714df2 431* Unknown token numbers
e88dbdbf 432 If yylex returned an out of range value, yyparse could die. This is
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433 no longer the case.
434
23c5a174 435* Error token
e88dbdbf 436 According to POSIX, the error token must be 256.
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437 Bison extends this requirement by making it a preference: *if* the
438 user specified that one of her tokens is numbered 256, then error
439 will be mapped onto another number.
440
217598da 441* Verbose error messages
e88dbdbf 442 They no longer report `..., expecting error or...' for states where
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443 error recovery is possible.
444
445* End token
446 Defaults to `$end' instead of `$'.
447
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448* Error recovery now conforms to documentation and to POSIX
449 When a Bison-generated parser encounters a syntax error, it now pops
450 the stack until it finds a state that allows shifting the error
451 token. Formerly, it popped the stack until it found a state that
452 allowed some non-error action other than a default reduction on the
453 error token. The new behavior has long been the documented behavior,
454 and has long been required by POSIX. For more details, please see
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455 Paul Eggert, "Reductions during Bison error handling" (2002-05-20)
456 <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-bison/2002-05/msg00038.html>.
68cd8af3 457
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458* Traces
459 Popped tokens and nonterminals are now reported.
460
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461* Larger grammars
462 Larger grammars are now supported (larger token numbers, larger grammar
463 size (= sum of the LHS and RHS lengths), larger LALR tables).
464 Formerly, many of these numbers ran afoul of 16-bit limits;
465 now these limits are 32 bits on most hosts.
355e7c1c 466
77714df2 467* Explicit initial rule
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468 Bison used to play hacks with the initial rule, which the user does
469 not write. It is now explicit, and visible in the reports and
470 graphs as rule 0.
23c5a174 471
77714df2 472* Useless rules
643a5994 473 Before, Bison reported the useless rules, but, although not used,
77714df2 474 included them in the parsers. They are now actually removed.
23c5a174 475
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476* Useless rules, useless nonterminals
477 They are now reported, as a warning, with their locations.
478
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479* Rules never reduced
480 Rules that can never be reduced because of conflicts are now
481 reported.
482
77714df2 483* Incorrect `Token not used'
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484 On a grammar such as
485
486 %token useless useful
487 %%
488 exp: '0' %prec useful;
489
490 where a token was used to set the precedence of the last rule,
491 bison reported both `useful' and `useless' as useless tokens.
492
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493* Revert the C++ namespace changes introduced in 1.31
494 as they caused too many portability hassles.
0179dd65 495
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496* Default locations
497 By an accident of design, the default computation of @$ was
498 performed after another default computation was performed: @$ = @1.
499 The latter is now removed: YYLLOC_DEFAULT is fully responsible of
500 the computation of @$.
adc8c848 501
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502* Token end-of-file
503 The token end of file may be specified by the user, in which case,
504 the user symbol is used in the reports, the graphs, and the verbose
a861a339 505 error messages instead of `$end', which remains being the default.
b7c49edf 506 For instance
7bd6c77e 507 %token MYEOF 0
b7c49edf 508 or
7bd6c77e 509 %token MYEOF 0 "end of file"
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510
511* Semantic parser
512 This old option, which has been broken for ages, is removed.
513
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514* New translations
515 Brazilian Portuguese, thanks to Alexandre Folle de Menezes.
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516 Croatian, thanks to Denis Lackovic.
517
77714df2 518* Incorrect token definitions
e88dbdbf 519 When given `%token 'a' "A"', Bison used to output `#define 'a' 65'.
b87f8b21 520
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521* Token definitions as enums
522 Tokens are output both as the traditional #define's, and, provided
523 the compiler supports ANSI C or is a C++ compiler, as enums.
e88dbdbf 524 This lets debuggers display names instead of integers.
77714df2 525
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526* Reports
527 In addition to --verbose, bison supports --report=THINGS, which
528 produces additional information:
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529 - itemset
530 complete the core item sets with their closure
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531 - lookahead [changed to `look-ahead' in 1.875e through 2.3, but changed back]
532 explicitly associate lookahead tokens to items
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533 - solved
534 describe shift/reduce conflicts solving.
535 Bison used to systematically output this information on top of
536 the report. Solved conflicts are now attached to their states.
ec3bc396 537
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538* Type clashes
539 Previous versions don't complain when there is a type clash on
540 the default action if the rule has a mid-rule action, such as in:
541
542 %type <foo> bar
543 %%
544 bar: '0' {} '0';
545
546 This is fixed.
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547
548* GNU M4 is now required when using Bison.
f987e9d2 549\f
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550Changes in version 1.35, 2002-03-25:
551
552* C Skeleton
553 Some projects use Bison's C parser with C++ compilers, and define
554 YYSTYPE as a class. The recent adjustment of C parsers for data
555 alignment and 64 bit architectures made this impossible.
556
557 Because for the time being no real solution for C++ parser
558 generation exists, kludges were implemented in the parser to
559 maintain this use. In the future, when Bison has C++ parsers, this
560 kludge will be disabled.
561
562 This kludge also addresses some C++ problems when the stack was
563 extended.
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564\f
565Changes in version 1.34, 2002-03-12:
566
567* File name clashes are detected
568 $ bison foo.y -d -o foo.x
569 fatal error: header and parser would both be named `foo.x'
570
571* A missing `;' at the end of a rule triggers a warning
572 In accordance with POSIX, and in agreement with other
573 Yacc implementations, Bison will mandate this semicolon in the near
574 future. This eases the implementation of a Bison parser of Bison
575 grammars by making this grammar LALR(1) instead of LR(2). To
576 facilitate the transition, this release introduces a warning.
577
578* Revert the C++ namespace changes introduced in 1.31, as they caused too
579 many portability hassles.
580
581* DJGPP support added.
582
583* Fix test suite portability problems.
584\f
585Changes in version 1.33, 2002-02-07:
586
587* Fix C++ issues
588 Groff could not be compiled for the definition of size_t was lacking
589 under some conditions.
590
591* Catch invalid @n
592 As is done with $n.
593\f
594Changes in version 1.32, 2002-01-23:
595
596* Fix Yacc output file names
597
598* Portability fixes
599
600* Italian, Dutch translations
601\f
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602Changes in version 1.31, 2002-01-14:
603
604* Many Bug Fixes
605
606* GNU Gettext and %expect
607 GNU Gettext asserts 10 s/r conflicts, but there are 7. Now that
608 Bison dies on incorrect %expectations, we fear there will be
609 too many bug reports for Gettext, so _for the time being_, %expect
610 does not trigger an error when the input file is named `plural.y'.
611
612* Use of alloca in parsers
613 If YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA is defined to 0, then the parsers will use
614 malloc exclusively. Since 1.29, but was not NEWS'ed.
615
616 alloca is used only when compiled with GCC, to avoid portability
617 problems as on AIX.
618
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619* yyparse now returns 2 if memory is exhausted; formerly it dumped core.
620
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621* When the generated parser lacks debugging code, YYDEBUG is now 0
622 (as POSIX requires) instead of being undefined.
623
624* User Actions
625 Bison has always permitted actions such as { $$ = $1 }: it adds the
626 ending semicolon. Now if in Yacc compatibility mode, the semicolon
627 is no longer output: one has to write { $$ = $1; }.
628
629* Better C++ compliance
630 The output parsers try to respect C++ namespaces.
76551463 631 [This turned out to be a failed experiment, and it was reverted later.]
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632
633* Reduced Grammars
634 Fixed bugs when reporting useless nonterminals.
635
636* 64 bit hosts
637 The parsers work properly on 64 bit hosts.
638
639* Error messages
640 Some calls to strerror resulted in scrambled or missing error messages.
641
642* %expect
643 When the number of shift/reduce conflicts is correct, don't issue
644 any warning.
645
646* The verbose report includes the rule line numbers.
647
648* Rule line numbers are fixed in traces.
649
650* Swedish translation
651
652* Parse errors
653 Verbose parse error messages from the parsers are better looking.
654 Before: parse error: unexpected `'/'', expecting `"number"' or `'-'' or `'(''
655 Now: parse error: unexpected '/', expecting "number" or '-' or '('
656
657* Fixed parser memory leaks.
658 When the generated parser was using malloc to extend its stacks, the
659 previous allocations were not freed.
660
661* Fixed verbose output file.
662 Some newlines were missing.
663 Some conflicts in state descriptions were missing.
664
665* Fixed conflict report.
666 Option -v was needed to get the result.
667
668* %expect
669 Was not used.
670 Mismatches are errors, not warnings.
671
672* Fixed incorrect processing of some invalid input.
673
674* Fixed CPP guards: 9foo.h uses BISON_9FOO_H instead of 9FOO_H.
675
676* Fixed some typos in the documentation.
677
678* %token MY_EOF 0 is supported.
679 Before, MY_EOF was silently renumbered as 257.
680
681* doc/refcard.tex is updated.
682
683* %output, %file-prefix, %name-prefix.
684 New.
685
686* --output
687 New, aliasing `--output-file'.
688\f
76551463 689Changes in version 1.30, 2001-10-26:
342b8b6e 690
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691* `--defines' and `--graph' have now an optional argument which is the
692 output file name. `-d' and `-g' do not change; they do not take any
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693 argument.
694
695* `%source_extension' and `%header_extension' are removed, failed
696 experiment.
697
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698* Portability fixes.
699\f
9f4503d6 700Changes in version 1.29, 2001-09-07:
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701
702* The output file does not define const, as this caused problems when used
703 with common autoconfiguration schemes. If you still use ancient compilers
704 that lack const, compile with the equivalent of the C compiler option
705 `-Dconst='. autoconf's AC_C_CONST macro provides one way to do this.
706
707* Added `-g' and `--graph'.
f87a2205 708
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709* The Bison manual is now distributed under the terms of the GNU FDL.
710
f1c63ced 711* The input and the output files has automatically a similar extension.
234a3be3 712
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713* Russian translation added.
714
715* NLS support updated; should hopefully be less troublesome.
716
717* Added the old Bison reference card.
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718
719* Added `--locations' and `%locations'.
6deb4447 720
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721* Added `-S' and `--skeleton'.
722
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723* `%raw', `-r', `--raw' is disabled.
724
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725* Special characters are escaped when output. This solves the problems
726 of the #line lines with path names including backslashes.
727
6deb4447 728* New directives.
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729 `%yacc', `%fixed_output_files', `%defines', `%no_parser', `%verbose',
730 `%debug', `%source_extension' and `%header_extension'.
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731
732* @$
733 Automatic location tracking.
f87a2205 734\f
9f4503d6 735Changes in version 1.28, 1999-07-06:
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736
737* Should compile better now with K&R compilers.
738
739* Added NLS.
740
741* Fixed a problem with escaping the double quote character.
742
743* There is now a FAQ.
744\f
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745Changes in version 1.27:
746
747* The make rule which prevented bison.simple from being created on
748 some systems has been fixed.
749\f
750Changes in version 1.26:
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751
752* Bison now uses automake.
753
754* New mailing lists: <bug-bison@gnu.org> and <help-bison@gnu.org>.
755
756* Token numbers now start at 257 as previously documented, not 258.
757
758* Bison honors the TMPDIR environment variable.
759
760* A couple of buffer overruns have been fixed.
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761
762* Problems when closing files should now be reported.
763
764* Generated parsers should now work even on operating systems which do
765 not provide alloca().
4be07551 766\f
9f4503d6 767Changes in version 1.25, 1995-10-16:
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768
769* Errors in the input grammar are not fatal; Bison keeps reading
770the grammar file, and reports all the errors found in it.
8c44d3ec 771
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772* Tokens can now be specified as multiple-character strings: for
773example, you could use "<=" for a token which looks like <=, instead
774of chosing a name like LESSEQ.
775
776* The %token_table declaration says to write a table of tokens (names
777and numbers) into the parser file. The yylex function can use this
778table to recognize multiple-character string tokens, or for other
779purposes.
780
781* The %no_lines declaration says not to generate any #line preprocessor
782directives in the parser file.
783
784* The %raw declaration says to use internal Bison token numbers, not
785Yacc-compatible token numbers, when token names are defined as macros.
786
787* The --no-parser option produces the parser tables without including
788the parser engine; a project can now use its own parser engine.
789The actions go into a separate file called NAME.act, in the form of
790a switch statement body.
791\f
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792Changes in version 1.23:
793
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794The user can define YYPARSE_PARAM as the name of an argument to be
795passed into yyparse. The argument should have type void *. It should
796actually point to an object. Grammar actions can access the variable
797by casting it to the proper pointer type.
6780ca7a 798
6780ca7a 799Line numbers in output file corrected.
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800\f
801Changes in version 1.22:
802
803--help option added.
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804\f
805Changes in version 1.20:
806
807Output file does not redefine const for C++.
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808
809Local Variables:
810mode: outline
811End:
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812
813-----
814
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815Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
8162004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
76551463 817
75eb3bc4 818This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
76551463 819
75eb3bc4 820Bison is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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821it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
822the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
823any later version.
824
75eb3bc4 825Bison is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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826but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
827MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
828GNU General Public License for more details.
829
830You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
831along with autoconf; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
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832the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
833Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.