CMake: debian: Switch packaging over to CMake and dh 9

CMake: debian: Switch packaging over to CMake and dh 9

This new packaging is much easier to read, although the duplication
in the install files is a bit annoying. We should probably also get
rid of the movefiles for solvers, planners, and https method; but
then we have to keep track of which methods exist in the apt package.

Another disadvantage is that building only the documentation packages
also requires building the code, as there's no way to turn off code
building in the project.