1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
11 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
12 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
13 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-02 18:01+0300\n"
14 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
15 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
16 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
19 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
20 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
48 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
71 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
72 "package management there are several frontends available, such as B<aptitude>"
73 "(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window System. Some "
74 "options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
86 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
87 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
98 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
109 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
116 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
117 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
118 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
121 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
123 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</"
125 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
126 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
139 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
142 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
144 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
151 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
153 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
154 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
163 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
165 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
174 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
175 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
176 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
177 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
178 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
179 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
180 " &reportbug; command.\n"
186 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
188 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
189 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
190 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
197 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
198 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
199 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
200 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
206 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
208 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
215 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
216 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
217 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
218 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
219 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
220 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
231 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
232 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
233 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
244 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
245 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
246 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
247 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
248 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
249 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
250 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
261 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
262 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
263 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
264 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
265 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
266 " times to set different options.\n"
277 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
278 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
279 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
280 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
281 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
282 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
283 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
284 " or several other variations.\n"
290 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
291 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
292 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
293 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
294 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
301 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
302 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
303 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
304 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
312 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
313 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
314 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
323 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
324 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
325 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
326 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
334 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
335 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
336 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
345 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
346 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
347 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
348 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
349 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
350 " from a separate source\n"
351 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
352 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
360 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
361 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
362 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
371 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
372 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
373 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
374 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
382 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
383 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
384 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
393 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
394 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
395 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
397 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
405 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
406 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
407 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
416 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
417 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
418 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
419 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
427 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
428 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
429 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
430 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
439 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
440 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
441 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
442 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
443 " </para></listitem>\n"
452 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
453 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
454 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
455 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
461 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
462 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
463 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
464 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
465 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
466 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
467 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
470 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
471 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
472 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
479 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
480 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
481 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
482 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
483 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
484 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
485 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
486 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
487 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
494 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
495 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
501 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
502 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
508 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
509 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
510 "\"target_release\">"
516 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
517 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
523 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
524 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
530 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
531 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
537 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
538 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
544 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
545 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
551 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
552 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
558 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
559 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
560 "\"temporary_directory\">"
566 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
567 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
573 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
574 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
580 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
581 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
588 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
589 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
596 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
597 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
603 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
604 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
608 #: apt-cache.8.xml:26 apt-cdrom.8.xml:25 apt-config.8.xml:26 apt-get.8.xml:26
609 #: apt-key.8.xml:25 apt-mark.8.xml:26 apt-secure.8.xml:25
613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
614 #: apt-cache.8.xml:27 apt-cdrom.8.xml:26 apt-config.8.xml:27
615 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:27 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:27 apt-get.8.xml:27
616 #: apt-key.8.xml:26 apt-mark.8.xml:27 apt-secure.8.xml:26
617 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:27 apt.conf.5.xml:32 apt_preferences.5.xml:26
618 #: sources.list.5.xml:27
622 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
623 #: apt-cache.8.xml:33
624 msgid "query the APT cache"
627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
628 #: apt-cache.8.xml:38 apt-cdrom.8.xml:37 apt-config.8.xml:38
629 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:38 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:38 apt-get.8.xml:38
630 #: apt-key.8.xml:37 apt-mark.8.xml:38 apt-secure.8.xml:50
631 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:38 apt.conf.5.xml:41 apt_preferences.5.xml:36
632 #: sources.list.5.xml:36
637 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
638 #: apt-cache.8.xml:39
640 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
641 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
642 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
643 "output from the package metadata."
646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
647 #: apt-cache.8.xml:44 apt-cdrom.8.xml:51 apt-config.8.xml:44
648 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:54 apt-get.8.xml:44
650 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
651 "one of the commands below must be present."
654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
655 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49
657 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
658 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
662 #: apt-cache.8.xml:53 apt-cache.8.xml:142 apt-cache.8.xml:163
663 #: apt-cache.8.xml:185 apt-cache.8.xml:190 apt-cache.8.xml:206
664 #: apt-cache.8.xml:224 apt-cache.8.xml:236
665 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
669 #: apt-cache.8.xml:54
671 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
672 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
673 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
674 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
675 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
676 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
677 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
678 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
679 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
683 #: apt-cache.8.xml:66
686 "Package: libreadline2\n"
687 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
688 "Reverse Depends: \n"
689 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
690 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
692 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
695 "Reverse Provides: \n"
698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
699 #: apt-cache.8.xml:78
701 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
702 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
703 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
704 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
705 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
706 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
707 "best to consult the apt source code."
710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
711 #: apt-cache.8.xml:87
713 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
714 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
717 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
718 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
720 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
725 #: apt-cache.8.xml:94
727 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
728 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
729 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
730 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
734 #: apt-cache.8.xml:100
736 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
737 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
738 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
739 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
740 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
741 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
745 #: apt-cache.8.xml:108
747 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
748 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
749 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
750 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
754 #: apt-cache.8.xml:114
756 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
757 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
758 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
759 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
763 #: apt-cache.8.xml:121
765 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
766 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
767 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
768 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
769 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
773 #: apt-cache.8.xml:128
775 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
776 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
777 "total package names. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
778 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
779 "larger than the number of total package names."
782 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
783 #: apt-cache.8.xml:135
785 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
786 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
790 #: apt-cache.8.xml:143
792 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
793 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
794 "records that declare the name to be a binary package."
797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
798 #: apt-cache.8.xml:149
800 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
801 "It is primarily for debugging."
804 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
805 #: apt-cache.8.xml:154
807 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
808 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
812 #: apt-cache.8.xml:159
814 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
818 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
819 #: apt-cache.8.xml:164
821 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
822 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
826 #: apt-cache.8.xml:169
827 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
831 #: apt-cache.8.xml:170
833 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
834 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
835 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
836 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
837 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
838 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
839 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
840 "description is not searched, only the package name is."
843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
844 #: apt-cache.8.xml:181
846 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
851 #: apt-cache.8.xml:186
853 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
854 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
858 #: apt-cache.8.xml:191
860 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
865 #: apt-cache.8.xml:195
867 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
870 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
873 #: apt-cache.8.xml:196
875 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
876 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
877 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
878 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
883 #: apt-cache.8.xml:201
885 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
886 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
887 "the generated list."
890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
891 #: apt-cache.8.xml:207
893 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
894 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
895 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
896 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
897 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
898 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
899 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
900 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
904 #: apt-cache.8.xml:216
906 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
907 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
908 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
909 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
913 #: apt-cache.8.xml:221
914 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
918 #: apt-cache.8.xml:225
920 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
921 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
925 #: apt-cache.8.xml:229
927 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
930 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
933 #: apt-cache.8.xml:230
935 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
936 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
937 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
938 "selection of the named package."
941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
942 #: apt-cache.8.xml:237
944 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
945 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
946 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
947 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
948 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
949 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
950 "Architecture</literal>)."
953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
954 #: apt-cache.8.xml:248 apt-config.8.xml:84 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:52
955 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:504 apt-get.8.xml:258 apt-mark.8.xml:108
956 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:48
960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
961 #: apt-cache.8.xml:253
963 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
964 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
965 "pkgcache</literal>."
968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
969 #: apt-cache.8.xml:259
971 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
972 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
973 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
974 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
975 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
979 #: apt-cache.8.xml:267
981 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
982 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
983 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
984 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
988 #: apt-cache.8.xml:274
990 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
991 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
992 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
996 #: apt-cache.8.xml:288
998 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
999 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1000 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1001 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1002 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1006 #: apt-cache.8.xml:295
1008 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1009 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1013 #: apt-cache.8.xml:300
1015 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1016 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1017 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1018 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1019 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1020 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1024 #: apt-cache.8.xml:309
1026 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1027 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1028 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1032 #: apt-cache.8.xml:315
1034 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1035 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1039 #: apt-cache.8.xml:320
1041 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1042 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1043 "AllNames</literal>."
1046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1047 #: apt-cache.8.xml:326
1049 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1050 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1051 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1055 #: apt-cache.8.xml:333
1057 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1058 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1059 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1063 #: apt-cache.8.xml:343 apt-get.8.xml:518 apt-key.8.xml:174 apt-mark.8.xml:125
1064 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1118 apt_preferences.5.xml:698
1068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1069 #: apt-cache.8.xml:350 apt-cdrom.8.xml:144 apt-config.8.xml:109
1070 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607 apt-get.8.xml:528
1071 #: apt-key.8.xml:195 apt-mark.8.xml:131 apt-secure.8.xml:192
1072 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63 apt.conf.5.xml:1124 apt_preferences.5.xml:705
1073 #: sources.list.5.xml:252
1076 msgstr "Consulte também"
1078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1079 #: apt-cache.8.xml:351
1080 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1084 #: apt-cache.8.xml:355 apt-cdrom.8.xml:149 apt-config.8.xml:114
1085 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:74 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:611 apt-get.8.xml:534
1086 #: apt-mark.8.xml:135 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:67
1090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1091 #: apt-cache.8.xml:356
1093 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1097 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1098 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:32
1099 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
1102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1103 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:38
1105 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
1106 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
1107 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
1108 "burns and verifying the index files."
1111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1112 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:45
1114 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
1115 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
1116 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
1119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1120 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:56
1122 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
1123 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
1124 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
1125 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
1129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1130 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:64
1132 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
1133 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
1137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1138 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:72
1140 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
1144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1145 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:80 apt-key.8.xml:160
1149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1150 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:85
1152 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
1153 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
1154 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
1157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1158 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:94
1160 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
1161 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
1162 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
1165 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1166 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:103
1168 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
1169 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
1170 "NoMount</literal>."
1173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1174 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:111
1176 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
1177 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
1178 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
1179 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
1182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1183 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:121
1185 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
1186 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
1187 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
1190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1191 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:132
1193 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
1194 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
1195 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
1198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1199 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:145
1201 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
1202 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1204 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1205 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:150
1207 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1212 #: apt-config.8.xml:33
1213 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
1216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1217 #: apt-config.8.xml:39
1219 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
1220 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
1221 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
1222 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
1225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1226 #: apt-config.8.xml:51
1228 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
1229 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
1230 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
1231 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
1235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1236 #: apt-config.8.xml:59
1240 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
1244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1245 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
1247 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
1248 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
1251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1252 #: apt-config.8.xml:68
1254 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
1255 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
1256 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
1259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1260 #: apt-config.8.xml:77
1261 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
1264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1265 #: apt-config.8.xml:90
1267 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
1268 "empty to remove them from the output."
1271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1272 #: apt-config.8.xml:95
1273 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
1276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1277 #: apt-config.8.xml:96
1279 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
1280 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
1281 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
1282 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
1283 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
1284 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
1287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1288 #: apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
1289 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
1297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1298 #: apt-config.8.xml:115
1300 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
1305 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:26 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:26 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:26
1309 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1310 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:33
1312 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
1316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1317 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:39
1319 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
1320 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
1321 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
1322 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
1326 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1327 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:44
1328 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
1331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1332 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:45
1334 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
1335 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
1336 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
1337 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
1338 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
1341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1342 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:58
1344 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
1345 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
1346 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
1349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1350 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:75
1352 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
1353 "decimal 100 on error."
1356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1357 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:33
1358 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
1361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1362 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
1364 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
1365 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
1366 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
1370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1371 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:43
1373 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
1374 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
1375 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
1376 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
1377 "generation process for a complete archive."
1380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1381 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:49
1383 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
1384 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
1385 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
1386 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
1390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1391 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:60
1393 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
1394 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
1395 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
1396 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
1399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1400 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:65 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:89
1402 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
1405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1406 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:70
1408 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
1409 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1410 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
1411 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
1414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1415 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:75
1417 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
1418 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
1419 "change the source override file that will be used."
1422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1423 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:82
1425 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
1426 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1427 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
1428 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
1429 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
1430 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
1433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1434 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:94
1436 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
1437 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
1438 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and the "
1439 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
1440 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
1441 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
1442 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
1443 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
1444 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a Release file containing a MD5, SHA1 "
1445 "and SHA256 digest for each file."
1448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1449 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:104
1451 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
1452 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
1453 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
1454 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
1455 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
1456 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
1457 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
1458 "<literal>Description</literal>."
1461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1462 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:117
1464 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
1465 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
1466 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
1467 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
1468 "maintaining the required settings."
1471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1472 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:126
1474 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
1475 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
1478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1479 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:132
1480 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
1483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1484 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
1486 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
1487 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
1488 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
1489 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
1490 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
1491 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
1494 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1495 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
1497 "The generate configuration has 4 separate sections, each described below."
1500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1501 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
1503 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
1504 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
1506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1507 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
1509 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
1510 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
1511 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
1512 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
1515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1516 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:153
1518 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
1519 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
1523 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1524 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:160
1525 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
1528 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1529 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:165
1530 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files"
1533 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1534 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:170
1536 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
1537 "literal> setting is used below."
1540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1541 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:176
1543 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
1544 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1546 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1547 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
1549 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
1550 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
1551 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
1554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1555 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:184
1557 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the Package index files. It "
1558 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
1559 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
1563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1564 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:192
1566 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
1567 "defaults to '.deb'."
1570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1571 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:198
1573 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1574 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
1577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1578 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:204
1580 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
1581 "defaults to '.dsc'."
1584 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1585 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:210
1587 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1588 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
1591 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1592 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:216
1594 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1595 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
1598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1599 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:222
1601 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
1602 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
1603 "Links</literal> setting."
1606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1607 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:229
1609 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
1610 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
1613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1614 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:236 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:382
1616 "Sets if long descriptions should be included in the Packages file or split "
1617 "out into a master Translation-en file."
1620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1621 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:242
1623 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
1624 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1627 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
1629 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
1630 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
1631 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
1634 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1635 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:251
1637 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
1638 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
1642 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1643 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:258
1645 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
1646 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
1647 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
1648 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
1649 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
1650 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
1653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1654 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:269
1656 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1657 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
1660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1661 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:275
1663 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
1664 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
1667 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1668 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:281
1670 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1671 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
1674 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1675 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:287
1677 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1678 "source/Sources</filename>"
1681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1682 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:293
1684 "Set the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if they "
1685 "should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1686 "$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
1689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1690 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:300
1692 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
1693 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
1697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1698 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:307
1700 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)"
1701 "</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files to map onto a "
1702 "single Contents file (such as the default) then <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1703 "command> will integrate those package files together automatically."
1706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1707 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:316
1708 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
1711 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1712 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:321
1714 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
1715 "can share the same database."
1718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1719 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:327
1721 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1722 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1723 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
1726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1727 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:334
1729 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1730 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1731 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
1732 "when processing source indexes."
1735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1736 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:342
1738 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
1739 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1741 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1742 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
1744 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
1745 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
1746 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
1747 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
1751 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1752 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:349
1754 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
1755 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
1756 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
1757 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
1760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1761 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:354
1763 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
1764 "can be use in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
1768 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
1769 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:360
1772 "for i in Sections do \n"
1773 " for j in Architectures do\n"
1774 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
1778 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1779 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:357
1781 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1782 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
1786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1787 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:368
1789 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
1790 "distribution, typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
1794 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1795 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:375
1797 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
1798 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
1799 "this tree has a source archive."
1802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1803 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:388
1805 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
1806 "and maintainer address information."
1809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1810 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:394
1812 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
1816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1817 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:400 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:446
1818 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
1821 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1822 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:405 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:451
1823 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
1826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1827 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:410
1829 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
1830 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
1832 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1833 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
1835 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
1836 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
1837 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
1838 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
1839 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
1842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1843 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:420
1844 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
1847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1848 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:425
1850 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
1851 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
1854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1855 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:431
1856 msgid "Sets the Contents file output. (optional)"
1859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1860 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:436
1861 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
1864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1865 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:441
1866 msgid "Sets the source override file."
1869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1870 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:456
1871 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
1874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1875 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:461
1876 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
1879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1880 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:466
1881 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
1884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1885 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:473
1886 msgid "The Binary Override File"
1889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1890 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:474
1892 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
1893 "contains 4 fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package name, "
1894 "the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the the "
1895 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
1896 "permutation field."
1899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1900 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:480
1902 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
1905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1906 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
1911 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1912 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:479
1914 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
1915 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
1916 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
1917 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
1918 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
1922 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1923 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:490
1924 msgid "The Source Override File"
1927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1928 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
1930 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
1931 "contains 2 fields separated by spaces. The first fields is the source "
1932 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
1935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1936 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:497
1937 msgid "The Extra Override File"
1940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1941 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
1943 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
1944 "the output. It has 3 columns, the first is the package, the second is the "
1945 "tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
1948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1949 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:510
1951 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
1952 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
1953 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
1954 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
1955 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
1956 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
1957 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
1958 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
1959 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
1962 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1963 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:521
1965 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
1966 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
1969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1970 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:527
1972 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1973 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1974 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1975 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1979 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:535
1981 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
1982 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
1983 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
1984 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
1987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1988 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:543
1990 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
1991 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
1992 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
1993 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
1994 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
1997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1998 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:553
2000 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
2001 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
2005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2006 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:559
2008 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
2009 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
2012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2013 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:564
2015 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
2016 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
2017 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
2018 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
2021 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2022 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:572
2024 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
2025 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
2026 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
2027 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
2028 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
2029 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
2030 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
2031 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
2035 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2036 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:584
2038 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
2039 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
2040 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
2041 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
2042 "in the generate command."
2045 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2046 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:596 apt.conf.5.xml:1112 apt_preferences.5.xml:545
2047 #: sources.list.5.xml:211
2052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
2053 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:602
2055 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
2058 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2059 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
2061 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
2062 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
2065 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2066 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:612
2068 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
2072 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2074 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
2077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2080 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
2081 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
2082 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, "
2083 "&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;."
2086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2089 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
2090 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
2091 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
2092 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
2093 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
2094 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
2095 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
2096 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
2097 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
2100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2103 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
2104 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
2105 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
2106 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
2107 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
2108 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
2109 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
2110 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
2111 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
2112 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
2115 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2118 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
2119 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
2120 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
2121 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
2122 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
2123 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
2124 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
2125 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
2126 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
2127 "individual packages."
2130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2133 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
2134 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
2135 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
2136 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
2137 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
2141 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2144 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
2145 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
2146 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
2147 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
2148 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the package"
2149 "(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. The "
2150 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
2151 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
2152 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
2153 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
2154 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
2155 "get's conflict resolution system."
2158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2159 #: apt-get.8.xml:116
2161 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
2162 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
2163 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
2164 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
2165 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
2166 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
2169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2170 #: apt-get.8.xml:123
2172 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
2176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2177 #: apt-get.8.xml:126
2179 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
2180 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
2181 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
2182 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
2183 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
2184 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
2185 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
2188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2189 #: apt-get.8.xml:137
2191 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
2192 "installation policy for individual packages."
2195 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2196 #: apt-get.8.xml:141
2198 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
2199 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
2200 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
2201 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
2202 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
2203 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
2207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2208 #: apt-get.8.xml:151
2210 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
2211 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
2212 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
2213 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2214 "installed instead of removed."
2217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2218 #: apt-get.8.xml:159
2220 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
2221 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
2225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2226 #: apt-get.8.xml:164
2228 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
2229 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
2230 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
2231 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
2232 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
2233 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
2234 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
2237 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2238 #: apt-get.8.xml:172
2240 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
2241 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
2242 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
2243 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
2244 "versions or none at all."
2247 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2248 #: apt-get.8.xml:178
2250 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
2251 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
2252 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
2253 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
2254 "package will not be unpacked."
2257 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2258 #: apt-get.8.xml:185
2260 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
2261 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
2262 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
2263 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
2267 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2268 #: apt-get.8.xml:191
2270 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
2271 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
2272 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
2275 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2276 #: apt-get.8.xml:197
2278 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
2279 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
2280 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
2281 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
2282 "option> option instead."
2285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2286 #: apt-get.8.xml:204
2288 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
2289 "and checks for broken dependencies."
2292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2293 #: apt-get.8.xml:209
2295 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
2296 "current directory."
2299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2300 #: apt-get.8.xml:215
2302 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
2303 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
2304 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
2305 "partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a &dselect; method, <literal>clean</"
2306 "literal> is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely "
2307 "want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal> from time to time to free up "
2311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2312 #: apt-get.8.xml:225
2314 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
2315 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
2316 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
2317 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
2318 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
2319 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
2323 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2324 #: apt-get.8.xml:235
2326 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
2327 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
2328 "now no longer needed."
2331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2332 #: apt-get.8.xml:240
2334 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
2335 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
2336 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
2337 "variable (e.g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs\">packages."
2338 "debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://changelogs."
2339 "ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> for "
2340 "Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
2341 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
2342 "<option>install</option> command."
2345 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2346 #: apt-get.8.xml:263
2348 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
2349 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
2352 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2353 #: apt-get.8.xml:268
2355 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
2356 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
2359 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2360 #: apt-get.8.xml:273
2362 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
2363 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
2366 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2367 #: apt-get.8.xml:278
2369 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
2370 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
2371 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
2372 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
2373 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
2374 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
2375 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
2376 "means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some "
2377 "of the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</"
2378 "option> may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: "
2379 "<literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
2382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2383 #: apt-get.8.xml:293
2385 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
2386 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
2387 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
2388 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
2389 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
2390 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
2391 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
2394 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2395 #: apt-get.8.xml:304
2397 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
2398 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
2399 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
2402 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2403 #: apt-get.8.xml:311
2405 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
2406 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
2407 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
2408 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
2409 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
2410 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
2411 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
2414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2415 #: apt-get.8.xml:326
2417 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
2418 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2419 "Simulate</literal>."
2422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2423 #: apt-get.8.xml:330
2425 "Simulated runs performed as a user will automatically deactivate locking "
2426 "(<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>), and if the option <literal>APT::Get::"
2427 "Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (as it is by default) a notice "
2428 "will also be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation. Runs "
2429 "performed as root do not trigger either NoLocking or the notice - superusers "
2430 "should know what they are doing without further warnings from <literal>apt-"
2434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2435 #: apt-get.8.xml:338
2437 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
2438 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
2439 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
2440 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
2441 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
2444 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2445 #: apt-get.8.xml:346
2447 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
2448 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
2449 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
2450 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
2451 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
2454 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2455 #: apt-get.8.xml:354
2457 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2458 "Assume-No</literal>."
2461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2462 #: apt-get.8.xml:359
2464 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
2465 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
2468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2469 #: apt-get.8.xml:365
2471 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
2472 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
2475 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2476 #: apt-get.8.xml:371
2478 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
2479 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
2480 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
2481 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
2482 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
2483 "Architecture</literal>"
2486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2487 #: apt-get.8.xml:381
2489 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
2490 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
2493 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2494 #: apt-get.8.xml:386
2496 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
2497 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
2498 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
2499 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
2502 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2503 #: apt-get.8.xml:393
2505 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2506 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
2507 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
2508 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
2511 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2512 #: apt-get.8.xml:400
2514 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2515 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
2516 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
2517 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
2520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2521 #: apt-get.8.xml:408
2523 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
2524 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
2525 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
2526 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
2527 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
2530 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2531 #: apt-get.8.xml:416
2533 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
2534 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
2535 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
2536 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
2537 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
2538 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
2539 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2540 "Print-URIs</literal>."
2543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2544 #: apt-get.8.xml:427
2546 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
2547 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
2548 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
2549 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
2552 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2553 #: apt-get.8.xml:435
2555 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
2556 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
2559 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2560 #: apt-get.8.xml:440
2562 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
2563 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
2564 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
2565 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
2566 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2567 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
2570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2571 #: apt-get.8.xml:450
2573 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
2574 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
2575 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
2576 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
2577 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
2578 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
2579 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
2580 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
2581 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
2584 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2585 #: apt-get.8.xml:465
2587 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
2588 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
2589 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
2590 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
2593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2594 #: apt-get.8.xml:472
2596 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
2597 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
2600 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2601 #: apt-get.8.xml:478
2603 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
2604 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
2605 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
2606 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
2609 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2610 #: apt-get.8.xml:485
2612 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
2613 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
2614 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
2615 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
2616 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
2617 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
2621 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2622 #: apt-get.8.xml:496
2624 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
2625 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
2626 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
2629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2630 #: apt-get.8.xml:502
2632 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
2633 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
2636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2637 #: apt-get.8.xml:507
2639 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
2640 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2641 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
2644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2645 #: apt-get.8.xml:529
2647 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, "
2648 "&apt-config;, &apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-"
2649 "preferences;, the APT Howto."
2652 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2653 #: apt-get.8.xml:535
2655 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
2659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2661 msgid "APT key management utility"
2664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2667 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
2668 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
2669 "keys will be considered trusted."
2672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2680 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
2681 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
2682 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
2685 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2687 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
2690 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2692 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
2695 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2697 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
2700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2702 msgid "List trusted keys."
2705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2706 #: apt-key.8.xml:107
2707 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
2710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2711 #: apt-key.8.xml:118
2713 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
2717 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2718 #: apt-key.8.xml:130
2720 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
2721 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
2722 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
2723 "distribution, e.g. the <literal>debian-archive-keyring</literal> package in "
2727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2728 #: apt-key.8.xml:144
2730 "Work similar to the <command>update</command> command above, but get the "
2731 "archive keyring from an URI instead and validate it against a master key. "
2732 "This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build configured to have a "
2733 "server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. APT in Debian does "
2734 "not support this command and relies on <command>update</command> instead, "
2735 "but Ubuntu's APT does."
2738 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2739 #: apt-key.8.xml:161
2741 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
2745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2746 #: apt-key.8.xml:164
2748 "With this option it is possible to specify a specific keyring file the "
2749 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
2750 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
2751 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
2752 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
2756 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2757 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
2759 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
2760 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
2762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2763 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
2764 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
2767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2768 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
2769 msgid "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</filename>"
2772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2773 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
2774 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive trusted keys."
2777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2778 #: apt-key.8.xml:187
2780 "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg</filename>"
2783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2784 #: apt-key.8.xml:188
2785 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive removed trusted keys."
2788 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2789 #: apt-key.8.xml:197
2791 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
2792 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2794 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2795 #: apt-mark.8.xml:33
2796 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
2799 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2800 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
2802 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
2803 "being automatically installed."
2806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2807 #: apt-mark.8.xml:43
2809 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
2810 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
2811 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
2812 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
2813 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
2816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2817 #: apt-mark.8.xml:52
2819 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
2820 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
2821 "installed packages depend on this package."
2824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2825 #: apt-mark.8.xml:60
2827 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
2828 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
2829 "if no other packages depend on it."
2832 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2833 #: apt-mark.8.xml:68
2835 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as hold back, which will "
2836 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
2837 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
2838 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
2839 "effected by the <option>--filename</option> option."
2842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2843 #: apt-mark.8.xml:78
2845 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
2846 "package to allow all actions again."
2849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2850 #: apt-mark.8.xml:84
2852 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
2853 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
2854 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
2855 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
2858 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2859 #: apt-mark.8.xml:92
2861 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
2862 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2863 "installed packages instead."
2866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2867 #: apt-mark.8.xml:99
2869 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2870 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2873 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2874 #: apt-mark.8.xml:115
2876 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2877 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
2878 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
2879 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
2882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2883 #: apt-mark.8.xml:136
2885 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2890 #: apt-secure.8.xml:47
2891 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2894 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2895 #: apt-secure.8.xml:52
2897 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
2898 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
2899 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
2900 "the Release file signing key."
2903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2904 #: apt-secure.8.xml:60
2906 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature or with a signature "
2907 "that apt does not have a key for that package is considered untrusted and "
2908 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
2909 "currently only warn for unsigned archives, future releases might force all "
2910 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
2913 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2914 #: apt-secure.8.xml:69
2916 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2917 "authentication feature."
2920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2921 #: apt-secure.8.xml:74
2922 msgid "Trusted archives"
2925 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2926 #: apt-secure.8.xml:77
2928 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of "
2929 "different steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this "
2930 "chain, trusting an archive does not mean that the packages that you trust it "
2931 "do not contain malicious code but means that you trust the archive "
2932 "maintainer. It's the archive maintainer responsibility to ensure that the "
2933 "archive integrity is correct."
2936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2937 #: apt-secure.8.xml:85
2939 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2940 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2941 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2942 "packages respectively)."
2945 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2946 #: apt-secure.8.xml:92
2948 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
2949 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. This upload in order to "
2950 "become effective needs to be signed by a key of a maintainer within the "
2951 "Debian maintainer's keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). "
2952 "Maintainer's keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established "
2953 "procedures to ensure the identity of the key holder."
2956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2957 #: apt-secure.8.xml:102
2959 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
2960 "maintainer signature is stripped off, an MD5 sum of the package is computed "
2961 "and put in the Packages file. The MD5 sum of all of the packages files are "
2962 "then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is then signed "
2963 "by the archive key (which is created once a year) and distributed through "
2964 "the FTP server. This key is also on the Debian keyring."
2967 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2968 #: apt-secure.8.xml:112
2970 "Any end user can check the signature of the Release file, extract the MD5 "
2971 "sum of a package from it and compare it with the MD5 sum of the package he "
2972 "downloaded. Prior to version 0.6 only the MD5 sum of the downloaded Debian "
2973 "package was checked. Now both the MD5 sum and the signature of the Release "
2977 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2978 #: apt-secure.8.xml:119
2980 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
2981 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
2984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2985 #: apt-secure.8.xml:124
2987 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
2988 "checking, a malicious agent can introduce himself in the package download "
2989 "process and provide malicious software either by controlling a network "
2990 "element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue server "
2991 "(through arp or DNS spoofing attacks)."
2994 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2995 #: apt-secure.8.xml:132
2997 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
2998 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
2999 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
3003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3004 #: apt-secure.8.xml:139
3006 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
3007 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
3008 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
3009 "package signature."
3012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3013 #: apt-secure.8.xml:145
3014 msgid "User configuration"
3017 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3018 #: apt-secure.8.xml:147
3020 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
3021 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys although an installation of "
3022 "this release will automatically provide the default Debian archive signing "
3023 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
3026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3027 #: apt-secure.8.xml:154
3029 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
3030 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
3031 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
3032 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
3033 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
3037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3038 #: apt-secure.8.xml:163
3039 msgid "Archive configuration"
3042 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3043 #: apt-secure.8.xml:165
3045 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
3046 "maintenance you have to:"
3049 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3050 #: apt-secure.8.xml:170
3052 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
3053 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
3054 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
3057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3058 #: apt-secure.8.xml:175
3060 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
3061 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
3062 "gpg Release</command>."
3065 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3066 #: apt-secure.8.xml:179
3068 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
3069 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
3073 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3074 #: apt-secure.8.xml:186
3076 "Whenever the contents of the archive changes (new packages are added or "
3077 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps previously "
3081 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3082 #: apt-secure.8.xml:194
3084 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
3085 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
3088 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3089 #: apt-secure.8.xml:198
3091 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
3092 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
3093 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
3094 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
3095 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
3096 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
3099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3100 #: apt-secure.8.xml:211
3101 msgid "Manpage Authors"
3104 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3105 #: apt-secure.8.xml:213
3107 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
3108 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
3111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3112 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:33
3113 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
3116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3117 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:39
3119 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (Source index or "
3120 "Package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
3121 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
3122 "internal sorting rules."
3125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3126 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:45
3127 msgid "All output is sent to stdout, the input must be a seekable file."
3130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3131 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:54
3133 "Use Source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
3134 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
3137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3138 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:68
3140 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
3144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
3145 #: apt.conf.5.xml:20
3146 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
3149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
3150 #: apt.conf.5.xml:21
3151 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
3154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
3155 #: apt.conf.5.xml:31 apt_preferences.5.xml:25 sources.list.5.xml:26
3159 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3160 #: apt.conf.5.xml:38
3161 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
3164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3165 #: apt.conf.5.xml:42
3167 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file for the APT "
3168 "suite of tools, but by far not the only place changes to options can be "
3169 "made. All tools therefore share the configuration files and also use a "
3170 "common command line parser to provide a uniform environment."
3173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
3174 #: apt.conf.5.xml:47
3176 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
3180 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3181 #: apt.conf.5.xml:49
3183 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
3187 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3188 #: apt.conf.5.xml:51
3190 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
3191 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
3192 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
3193 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
3194 "ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
3195 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this case it will be "
3199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3200 #: apt.conf.5.xml:58
3202 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
3205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3206 #: apt.conf.5.xml:60
3208 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
3209 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
3212 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3213 #: apt.conf.5.xml:64
3217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3218 #: apt.conf.5.xml:65
3220 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
3221 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
3222 "notation, for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
3223 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
3224 "their parent groups."
3227 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3228 #: apt.conf.5.xml:71
3230 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
3231 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
3232 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
3233 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
3234 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The trailing "
3235 "semicolon and the quotes are required. The value must be on one line, and "
3236 "there is no kind of string concatenation. It must not include inside "
3237 "quotes. The behavior of the backslash \"\\\" and escaped characters inside "
3238 "a value is undefined and it should not be used. An option name may include "
3239 "alphanumerical characters and the \"/-:._+\" characters. A new scope can be "
3240 "opened with curly braces, like:"
3243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3244 #: apt.conf.5.xml:85
3249 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
3250 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
3255 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3256 #: apt.conf.5.xml:93
3258 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
3259 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
3260 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, each separated by a semicolon."
3263 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3264 #: apt.conf.5.xml:98
3266 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
3269 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3270 #: apt.conf.5.xml:101
3272 "In general the sample configuration file in <filename>&docdir;examples/apt."
3273 "conf</filename> &configureindex; is a good guide for how it should look."
3276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3277 #: apt.conf.5.xml:105
3279 "The names of the configuration items are not case-sensitive. So in the "
3280 "previous example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
3283 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3284 #: apt.conf.5.xml:108
3286 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as it "
3287 "can be see in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. "
3288 "If you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
3289 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option as every other "
3290 "option by reassigning a new value to the option."
3293 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3294 #: apt.conf.5.xml:113
3296 "Two specials are allowed, <literal>#include</literal> (which is deprecated "
3297 "and not supported by alternative implementations) and <literal>#clear</"
3298 "literal>: <literal>#include</literal> will include the given file, unless "
3299 "the filename ends in a slash, then the whole directory is included. "
3300 "<literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of the configuration tree. "
3301 "The specified element and all its descendants are erased. (Note that these "
3302 "lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
3305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3306 #: apt.conf.5.xml:121
3308 "The #clear command is the only way to delete a list or a complete scope. "
3309 "Reopening a scope or the ::-style described below will <emphasis>not</"
3310 "emphasis> override previously written entries. Only options can be "
3311 "overridden by addressing a new value to it - lists and scopes can't be "
3312 "overridden, only cleared."
3315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3316 #: apt.conf.5.xml:126
3318 "All of the APT tools take a -o option which allows an arbitrary "
3319 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
3320 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
3321 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
3322 "element to a list, add a trailing :: to the name of the list. (As you might "
3323 "suspect: The scope syntax can't be used on the command line.)"
3326 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3327 #: apt.conf.5.xml:133
3329 "Note that you can use :: only for appending one item per line to a list and "
3330 "that you should not use it in combination with the scope syntax. (The scope "
3331 "syntax implicit insert ::) Using both syntaxes together will trigger a bug "
3332 "which some users unfortunately depend on: An option with the unusual name "
3333 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts like every other option with a name. "
3334 "These introduces many problems including that a user who writes multiple "
3335 "lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> syntax in the hope to append to a "
3336 "list will gain the opposite as only the last assignment for this option "
3337 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. Upcoming APT versions will raise "
3338 "errors and will stop working if they encounter this misuse, so please "
3339 "correct such statements now as long as APT doesn't complain explicit about "
3343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3344 #: apt.conf.5.xml:145
3345 msgid "The APT Group"
3348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3349 #: apt.conf.5.xml:146
3351 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
3352 "options for all of the tools."
3355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3356 #: apt.conf.5.xml:151
3358 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
3359 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
3363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3364 #: apt.conf.5.xml:157
3366 "All Architectures the system supports. Processors implementing the "
3367 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) instruction "
3368 "set are e.g. also able to execute binaries compiled for the <literal>i386</"
3369 "literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set; This list is use when "
3370 "fetching files and parsing package lists. The internal default is always the "
3371 "native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</literal>) and all foreign "
3372 "architectures it can retrieve by calling <command>dpkg --print-foreign-"
3373 "architectures</command>."
3376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3377 #: apt.conf.5.xml:167
3379 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version available. "
3380 "Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: 'stable', "
3381 "'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', '4.0', "
3382 "'5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
3385 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3386 #: apt.conf.5.xml:173
3388 "Ignore Held packages; This global option causes the problem resolver to "
3389 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
3392 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3393 #: apt.conf.5.xml:178
3395 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
3396 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
3397 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
3398 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
3401 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3402 #: apt.conf.5.xml:185
3404 "Defaults to on which will cause APT to install essential and important "
3405 "packages as fast as possible in the install/upgrade operation. This is done "
3406 "to limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call: If this option is disabled APT "
3407 "does treat an important package in the same way as an extra package: Between "
3408 "the unpacking of the important package A and his configuration can then be "
3409 "many other unpack or configuration calls, e.g. for package B which has no "
3410 "relation to A, but causes the dpkg call to fail (e.g. because maintainer "
3411 "script of package B generates an error) which results in a system state in "
3412 "which package A is unpacked but unconfigured - each package depending on A "
3413 "is now no longer guaranteed to work as their dependency on A is not longer "
3414 "satisfied. The immediate configuration marker is also applied to all "
3415 "dependencies which can generate a problem if the dependencies e.g. form a "
3416 "circle as a dependency with the immediate flag is comparable with a Pre-"
3417 "Dependency. So in theory it is possible that APT encounters a situation in "
3418 "which it is unable to perform immediate configuration, errors out and refers "
3419 "to this option so the user can deactivate the immediate configuration "
3420 "temporarily to be able to perform an install/upgrade again. Note the use of "
3421 "the word \"theory\" here as this problem was only encountered by now in real "
3422 "world a few times in non-stable distribution versions and was caused by "
3423 "wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an already "
3424 "broken state, so you should not blindly disable this option as the mentioned "
3425 "scenario above is not the only problem immediate configuration can help to "
3426 "prevent in the first place. Before a big operation like <literal>dist-"
3427 "upgrade</literal> is run with this option disabled it should be tried to "
3428 "explicitly <literal>install</literal> the package APT is unable to configure "
3429 "immediately, but please make sure to report your problem also to your "
3430 "distribution and to the APT team with the buglink below so they can work on "
3431 "improving or correcting the upgrade process."
3434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3435 #: apt.conf.5.xml:208
3437 "Never Enable this option unless you -really- know what you are doing. It "
3438 "permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to break a Conflicts/"
3439 "Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depend loop between two essential packages. SUCH "
3440 "A LOOP SHOULD NEVER EXIST AND IS A GRAVE BUG. This option will work if the "
3441 "essential packages are not tar, gzip, libc, dpkg, bash or anything that "
3442 "those packages depend on."
3445 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3446 #: apt.conf.5.xml:217
3448 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
3449 "the 'available' information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint "
3450 "to which size the Cache will grow and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
3451 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
3452 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT otherwise it will "
3453 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
3454 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
3455 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
3456 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the Cache size will be increased in the event "
3457 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. These "
3458 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
3459 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
3460 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
3461 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
3462 "automatic grow of the cache is disabled."
3465 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3466 #: apt.conf.5.xml:233
3467 msgid "Defines which package(s) are considered essential build dependencies."
3470 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3471 #: apt.conf.5.xml:237
3473 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool, please see its documentation "
3474 "for more information about the options here."
3477 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3478 #: apt.conf.5.xml:242
3480 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool, please see its "
3481 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3484 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3485 #: apt.conf.5.xml:247
3487 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool, please see its "
3488 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3491 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3492 #: apt.conf.5.xml:253
3493 msgid "The Acquire Group"
3496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3497 #: apt.conf.5.xml:254
3499 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
3500 "packages and the URI handlers."
3503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3504 #: apt.conf.5.xml:259
3506 "Security related option defaulting to true as an expiring validation for a "
3507 "Release file prevents longtime replay attacks and can e.g. also help users "
3508 "to identify no longer updated mirrors - but the feature depends on the "
3509 "correctness of the time on the user system. Archive maintainers are "
3510 "encouraged to create Release files with the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> "
3511 "header, but if they don't or a stricter value is volitional the following "
3512 "<literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option can be used."
3515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3516 #: apt.conf.5.xml:270
3518 "Seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was created "
3519 "(indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). If the Release file "
3520 "itself includes a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of "
3521 "the two is used as the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</"
3522 "literal> which stands for \"for ever valid\". Archive specific settings can "
3523 "be made by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3527 #: apt.conf.5.xml:281
3529 "Minimum of seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was "
3530 "created (indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). Use this if you "
3531 "need to use a seldomly updated (local) mirror of a more regular updated "
3532 "archive with a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header instead of completely "
3533 "disabling the expiration date checking. Archive specific settings can and "
3534 "should be used by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3537 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3538 #: apt.conf.5.xml:292
3540 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for Packages or "
3541 "Sources files instead of downloading whole ones. True by default."
3544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3545 #: apt.conf.5.xml:295
3547 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: With "
3548 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be specified how many PDiff files are "
3549 "downloaded at most to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</literal> on the "
3550 "other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all patches compared to "
3551 "the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is exceeded the "
3552 "complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
3555 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3556 #: apt.conf.5.xml:305
3558 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
3559 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
3560 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
3561 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
3562 "connection per URI type will be opened."
3565 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3566 #: apt.conf.5.xml:313
3568 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
3569 "files the given number of times."
3572 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3573 #: apt.conf.5.xml:318
3575 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
3576 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
3579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3580 #: apt.conf.5.xml:323
3582 "HTTP URIs; http::Proxy is the default http proxy to use. It is in the "
3583 "standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per "
3584 "host proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>http::Proxy::"
3585 "<host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3586 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3587 "<envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used."
3590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3591 #: apt.conf.5.xml:331
3593 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
3594 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy to not use its cached "
3595 "response under any circumstances, <literal>Max-Age</literal> is sent only "
3596 "for index files and tells the cache to refresh its object if it is older "
3597 "than the given number of seconds. Debian updates its index files daily so "
3598 "the default is 1 day. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the cache "
3599 "should never store this request, it is only set for archive files. This may "
3600 "be useful to prevent polluting a proxy cache with very large .deb files. "
3601 "Note: Squid 2.0.2 does not support any of these options."
3604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3605 #: apt.conf.5.xml:341 apt.conf.5.xml:407
3607 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
3608 "method, this applies to all things including connection timeout and data "
3612 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3613 #: apt.conf.5.xml:344
3615 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
3616 "enabled HTTP pipeling (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
3617 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are send in a "
3618 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
3619 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
3620 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
3621 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
3624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3625 #: apt.conf.5.xml:351
3627 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls if APT will follow "
3628 "redirects, which is enabled by default."
3631 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3632 #: apt.conf.5.xml:354
3634 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
3635 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobyte. The default value is 0 "
3636 "which deactivates the limit and tries uses as much as possible of the "
3637 "bandwidth (Note that this option implicit deactivates the download from "
3638 "multiple servers at the same time.)"
3641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3642 #: apt.conf.5.xml:359
3644 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
3645 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
3646 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
3649 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3650 #: apt.conf.5.xml:366
3652 "HTTPS URIs. Cache-control, Timeout, AllowRedirect, Dl-Limit and proxy "
3653 "options are the same as for <literal>http</literal> method and will also "
3654 "default to the options from the <literal>http</literal> method if they are "
3655 "not explicitly set for https. <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is "
3656 "not supported yet."
3659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3660 #: apt.conf.5.xml:372
3662 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3663 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is "
3664 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3665 "suboption determines whether verify server's host certificate against "
3666 "trusted certificates or not. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</literal> "
3667 "is corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</literal> boolean "
3668 "suboption determines whether verify server's hostname or not. <literal><"
3669 "host>::Verify-Host</literal> is corresponding per-host option. "
3670 "<literal>SslCert</literal> determines what certificate to use for client "
3671 "authentication. <literal><host>::SslCert</literal> is corresponding "
3672 "per-host option. <literal>SslKey</literal> determines what private key to "
3673 "use for client authentication. <literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is "
3674 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides "
3675 "default SSL version to use. Can contain 'TLSv1' or 'SSLv3' string. "
3676 "<literal><host>::SslForceVersion</literal> is corresponding per-host "
3680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3681 #: apt.conf.5.xml:391
3683 "FTP URIs; ftp::Proxy is the default ftp proxy to use. It is in the standard "
3684 "form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per host "
3685 "proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>ftp::Proxy::<"
3686 "host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3687 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3688 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used. To use a ftp "
3689 "proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</literal> script in "
3690 "the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands to send to tell "
3691 "the proxy server what to connect to. Please see &configureindex; for an "
3692 "example of how to do this. The substitution variables available are <literal>"
3693 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal> <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal> <literal>"
3694 "$(SITE_USER)</literal> <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal> <literal>$(SITE)</"
3695 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal> Each is taken from it's "
3696 "respective URI component."
3699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3700 #: apt.conf.5.xml:410
3702 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3703 "to leave passive mode on, it works in nearly every environment. However "
3704 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode ftp used "
3705 "instead. This can be done globally, for connections that go through a proxy "
3706 "or for a specific host (See the sample config file for examples)."
3709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3710 #: apt.conf.5.xml:417
3712 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3713 "envar> environment variable to a http url - see the discussion of the http "
3714 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3715 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3719 #: apt.conf.5.xml:422
3721 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3722 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3723 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3724 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3725 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3729 #: apt.conf.5.xml:435
3731 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3735 #: apt.conf.5.xml:430
3737 "CD-ROM URIs; the only setting for CD-ROM URIs is the mount point, "
3738 "<literal>cdrom::Mount</literal> which must be the mount point for the CD-ROM "
3739 "drive as specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to "
3740 "provide alternate mount and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be "
3741 "listed in the fstab (such as an SMB mount and old mount packages). The "
3742 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3743 "cdrom block. It is important to have the trailing slash. Unmount commands "
3744 "can be specified using UMount."
3747 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3748 #: apt.conf.5.xml:441
3750 "GPGV URIs; the only option for GPGV URIs is the option to pass additional "
3751 "parameters to gpgv. <literal>gpgv::Options</literal> Additional options "
3755 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3756 #: apt.conf.5.xml:452
3758 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3762 #: apt.conf.5.xml:447
3764 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3765 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3766 "compression formats. Per default the acquire methods can decompress "
3767 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3768 "command> compressed files, with this setting more formats can be added on "
3769 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3770 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3773 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3774 #: apt.conf.5.xml:457
3776 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3780 #: apt.conf.5.xml:460
3782 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3786 #: apt.conf.5.xml:453
3788 "Also the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3789 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3790 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3791 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simple add the "
3792 "preferred type at first - not already added default types will be added at "
3793 "run time to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3794 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3795 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3796 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3797 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this "
3798 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3799 "<literal>bz2</literal> explicit to the list as it will be added automatic."
3802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3803 #: apt.conf.5.xml:464
3805 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3808 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3809 #: apt.conf.5.xml:462
3811 "Note that at run time the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</"
3812 "replaceable></literal> will be checked: If this setting exists the method "
3813 "will only be used if this file exists, e.g. for the bzip2 method (the "
3814 "inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> Note "
3815 "also that list entries specified on the command line will be added at the "
3816 "end of the list specified in the configuration files, but before the default "
3817 "entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones specified in the "
3818 "configuration files you can set the option direct - not in list style. This "
3819 "will not override the defined list, it will only prefix the list with this "
3823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3824 #: apt.conf.5.xml:469
3826 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3827 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3828 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3832 #: apt.conf.5.xml:476
3834 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3835 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3836 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3837 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3840 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3841 #: apt.conf.5.xml:484
3843 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3844 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the Description-"
3845 "Translations. APT will try to display the first available Description in the "
3846 "Language which is listed at first. Languages can be defined with their short "
3847 "or long Languagecodes. Note that not all archives provide "
3848 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every Language - especially the "
3849 "long Languagecodes are rare, so please inform you which ones are available "
3850 "before you set here impossible values."
3853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3854 #: apt.conf.5.xml:500
3856 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3860 #: apt.conf.5.xml:490
3862 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3863 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: It will be "
3864 "replaced at runtime with the languagecodes extracted from the "
3865 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3866 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3867 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3868 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3869 "force apt to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3870 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3871 "meaning code which will stop the search for a fitting <filename>Translation</"
3872 "filename> file. This can be used by the system administrator to let APT "
3873 "know that it should download also this files without actually use them if "
3874 "the environment doesn't specify this languages. So the following example "
3875 "configuration will result in the order \"en, de\" in an english and in \"de, "
3876 "en\" in a german localization. Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used "
3877 "if APT is not used in a french localization, in such an environment the "
3878 "order would be \"fr, de, en\". <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id="
3882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3883 #: apt.conf.5.xml:501
3885 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3886 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3887 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3888 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3892 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
3896 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3897 #: apt.conf.5.xml:514
3899 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3900 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3901 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3902 "dpkg status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3903 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3904 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub items if they do not "
3905 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3908 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3909 #: apt.conf.5.xml:521
3911 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3912 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3913 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3914 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3915 "be turned off by setting their names to be blank. This will slow down "
3916 "startup but save disk space. It is probably preferred to turn off the "
3917 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
3918 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3921 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3922 #: apt.conf.5.xml:530
3924 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3925 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3926 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3927 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3928 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3932 #: apt.conf.5.xml:536
3934 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3935 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3936 "main config file is loaded."
3939 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3940 #: apt.conf.5.xml:540
3942 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3943 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3944 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3945 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3946 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3947 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3950 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3951 #: apt.conf.5.xml:548
3953 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3954 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
3955 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
3956 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
3957 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
3958 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
3959 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
3963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3964 #: apt.conf.5.xml:561
3966 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3967 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3968 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3969 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3970 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3971 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3975 #: apt.conf.5.xml:570
3976 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3980 #: apt.conf.5.xml:572
3982 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3983 "control the default behaviour. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3988 #: apt.conf.5.xml:577
3990 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of always, prompt, auto, pre-auto "
3991 "and never. always and prompt will remove all packages from the cache after "
3992 "upgrading, prompt (the default) does so conditionally. auto removes only "
3993 "those packages which are no longer downloadable (replaced with a new version "
3994 "for instance). pre-auto performs this action before downloading new "
3998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3999 #: apt.conf.5.xml:586
4001 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4002 "when it is run for the install phase."
4005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4006 #: apt.conf.5.xml:591
4008 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4009 "when it is run for the update phase."
4012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4013 #: apt.conf.5.xml:596
4015 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
4016 "The default is to prompt only on error."
4019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4020 #: apt.conf.5.xml:602
4021 msgid "How APT calls dpkg"
4024 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4025 #: apt.conf.5.xml:603
4027 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
4028 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
4031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4032 #: apt.conf.5.xml:608
4034 "This is a list of options to pass to dpkg. The options must be specified "
4035 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
4039 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4040 #: apt.conf.5.xml:614
4042 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
4043 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4044 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4045 "fail APT will abort."
4048 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4049 #: apt.conf.5.xml:621
4051 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking dpkg. Like "
4052 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4053 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4054 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass to the commands on standard input the "
4055 "filenames of all .deb files it is going to install, one per line."
4058 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4059 #: apt.conf.5.xml:627
4061 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
4062 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
4063 "being changed. Version 2 is enabled by setting <literal>DPkg::Tools::"
4064 "options::cmd::Version</literal> to 2. <literal>cmd</literal> is a command "
4065 "given to <literal>Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal>."
4068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4069 #: apt.conf.5.xml:635
4071 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking dpkg, the default is <filename>/"
4075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4076 #: apt.conf.5.xml:640
4078 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages, the "
4079 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
4082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4083 #: apt.conf.5.xml:645
4084 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
4087 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4088 #: apt.conf.5.xml:646
4090 "APT can call dpkg in a way so it can make aggressive use of triggers over "
4091 "multiple calls of dpkg. Without further options dpkg will use triggers only "
4092 "in between his own run. Activating these options can therefore decrease the "
4093 "time needed to perform the install / upgrade. Note that it is intended to "
4094 "activate these options per default in the future, but as it changes the way "
4095 "APT calling dpkg drastically it needs a lot more testing. <emphasis>These "
4096 "options are therefore currently experimental and should not be used in "
4097 "productive environments.</emphasis> Also it breaks the progress reporting so "
4098 "all frontends will currently stay around half (or more) of the time in the "
4099 "100% state while it actually configures all packages."
4102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
4103 #: apt.conf.5.xml:661
4106 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
4107 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
4108 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
4109 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
4112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4113 #: apt.conf.5.xml:655
4115 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
4116 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
4117 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
4118 "enough to help testing them create a new configuration file and test a "
4119 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
4120 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
4121 "reports. Asking dpkg for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
4122 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
4123 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4126 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4127 #: apt.conf.5.xml:668
4129 "Add the no triggers flag to all dpkg calls (except the ConfigurePending "
4130 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
4131 "short: dpkg will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it is "
4132 "explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option exists "
4133 "(undocumented) also in older apt versions with a slightly different meaning: "
4134 "Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure calls to "
4135 "dpkg - now apt will add these flag also to the unpack and remove calls."
4138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4139 #: apt.conf.5.xml:676
4141 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
4142 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". \"<literal>all</literal>\" is the default "
4143 "value and causes APT to configure all packages explicit. The "
4144 "\"<literal>smart</literal>\" way is it to configure only packages which need "
4145 "to be configured before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends) and "
4146 "let the rest configure by dpkg with a call generated by the next option. "
4147 "\"<literal>no</literal>\" on the other hand will not configure anything and "
4148 "totally rely on dpkg for configuration (which will at the moment fail if a "
4149 "Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to another than the all "
4150 "value will implicitly activate also the next option per default as otherwise "
4151 "the system could end in an unconfigured status which could be unbootable!"
4154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4155 #: apt.conf.5.xml:687
4157 "If this option is set apt will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
4158 "command> to let dpkg handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
4159 "option is activated automatic per default if the previous option is not set "
4160 "to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating could be useful if you want to "
4161 "run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these sceneries "
4162 "you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
4165 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4166 #: apt.conf.5.xml:694
4168 "Useful for <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
4169 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal> and dpkg "
4170 "treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a dealbreaker "
4171 "for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will process all "
4172 "triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
4175 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4176 #: apt.conf.5.xml:700
4178 "As the configuration can be deferred to be done at the end by dpkg it can be "
4179 "tried to order the unpack series only by critical needs, e.g. by Pre-"
4180 "Depends. Default is true and therefore the \"old\" method of ordering in "
4181 "various steps by everything. While both method were present in earlier APT "
4182 "versions the <literal>OrderCritical</literal> method was unused, so this "
4183 "method is very experimental and needs further improvements before becoming "
4187 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
4188 #: apt.conf.5.xml:715
4191 "OrderList::Score {\n"
4193 "\tEssential 200;\n"
4195 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
4199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4200 #: apt.conf.5.xml:708
4202 "Essential packages (and there dependencies) should be configured immediately "
4203 "after unpacking. It will be a good idea to do this quite early in the "
4204 "upgrade process as these these configure calls require currently also "
4205 "<literal>DPkg::TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers "
4206 "(which maybe not needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the "
4207 "immediate flag is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is "
4208 "higher rated). These option and the others in the same group can be used to "
4209 "change the scoring. The following example shows the settings with there "
4210 "default values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4213 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4214 #: apt.conf.5.xml:728
4215 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
4218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4219 #: apt.conf.5.xml:729
4221 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
4222 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by "
4223 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See header of this script for "
4224 "the brief documentation of these options."
4227 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4228 #: apt.conf.5.xml:737
4229 msgid "Debug options"
4232 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4233 #: apt.conf.5.xml:739
4235 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
4236 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
4237 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
4238 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
4239 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
4243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4244 #: apt.conf.5.xml:750
4246 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
4247 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
4251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4252 #: apt.conf.5.xml:758
4254 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
4255 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
4256 "literal>) as a non-root user."
4259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4260 #: apt.conf.5.xml:767
4262 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
4263 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
4267 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
4269 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4270 #: apt.conf.5.xml:775
4272 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
4276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4277 #: apt.conf.5.xml:785
4278 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
4281 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4282 #: apt.conf.5.xml:794
4284 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
4287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4288 #: apt.conf.5.xml:805
4289 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
4292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4293 #: apt.conf.5.xml:816
4294 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
4297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4298 #: apt.conf.5.xml:827
4299 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
4302 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4303 #: apt.conf.5.xml:838
4305 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
4306 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
4309 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4310 #: apt.conf.5.xml:849
4312 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
4313 "stored on CD-ROMs."
4316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4317 #: apt.conf.5.xml:859
4318 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
4321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4322 #: apt.conf.5.xml:869
4324 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
4325 "literal> libraries."
4328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4329 #: apt.conf.5.xml:879
4331 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
4332 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
4336 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4337 #: apt.conf.5.xml:890
4339 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
4340 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
4343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4344 #: apt.conf.5.xml:902
4345 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
4348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4349 #: apt.conf.5.xml:912
4351 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
4352 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
4355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4356 #: apt.conf.5.xml:922
4358 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
4359 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
4362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4363 #: apt.conf.5.xml:934
4365 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
4366 "index diffs instead of full indices."
4369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4370 #: apt.conf.5.xml:945
4372 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
4375 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4376 #: apt.conf.5.xml:956
4378 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
4379 "the removal of unused packages."
4382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4383 #: apt.conf.5.xml:966
4385 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
4386 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
4387 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
4388 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
4389 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
4392 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4393 #: apt.conf.5.xml:980
4395 "Generate debug messages describing which package is marked as keep/install/"
4396 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
4397 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional space "
4398 "under the original entry. The format for each line is <literal>MarkKeep</"
4399 "literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or <literal>MarkInstall</literal> "
4400 "followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)"
4401 "</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is the current version of the "
4402 "package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version considered for installation "
4403 "and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, but not considered for "
4404 "installation (because of a low pin score). The later two can be omitted if "
4405 "there is none or if it is the same version as the installed. "
4406 "<literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package appears in."
4409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4410 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1002
4411 msgid "Dump the default configuration to standard error on startup."
4414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4415 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1012
4417 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
4418 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
4421 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4422 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1023
4424 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
4425 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
4428 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4429 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1034
4431 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
4432 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
4435 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4436 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1046
4438 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
4441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4442 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1057
4443 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
4446 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4447 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1067
4449 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
4450 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
4453 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4454 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1078
4456 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
4457 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
4458 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
4461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4462 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1090
4464 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
4468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4469 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1113
4471 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
4475 #. ? reading apt.conf
4476 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4477 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1125
4479 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
4480 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4483 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:32
4485 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
4486 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
4488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4489 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:37
4492 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
4493 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
4494 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
4497 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
4498 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
4501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4502 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:42
4505 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4506 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4507 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4508 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4509 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4510 "priority for installation. The APT preferences file overrides the "
4511 "priorities that APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the "
4512 "user control over which one is selected for installation."
4514 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
4515 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
4516 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
4517 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
4518 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
4519 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
4520 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
4521 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
4522 "selecionada para instalação."
4524 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4525 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:52
4528 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4529 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4530 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4531 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences file does not affect the "
4532 "choice of instance, only the choice of version."
4534 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
4535 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
4536 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
4537 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
4538 "a escolha da instância."
4540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4541 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:59
4543 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4544 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4545 "not questioning the preferences so wrong settings will therefore lead to "
4546 "uninstallable packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even "
4547 "more problems will arise if multiply distribution releases are mixed without "
4548 "a good understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a "
4549 "specific release aren't tested in and therefore doesn't always work as "
4550 "expected in older or newer releases or together with other packages from "
4551 "different releases. You have been warned."
4554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4555 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:70
4557 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4558 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4559 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4560 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4561 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4562 "that it has ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the "
4563 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this "
4564 "case it will be silently ignored."
4567 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4568 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:79
4570 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4571 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
4573 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4574 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:94
4576 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4578 "<programlisting>\n"
4579 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
4581 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4582 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
4584 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4586 "<programlisting>\n"
4587 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4590 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
4593 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4594 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4595 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4596 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4597 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4598 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4599 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4600 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4601 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4602 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4603 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4605 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
4606 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
4607 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
4608 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
4609 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
4610 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
4611 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
4612 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
4614 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4615 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:101
4618 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4619 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
4621 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
4622 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
4625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4626 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:106
4629 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4631 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4632 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:107
4634 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4635 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4636 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4637 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4641 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:113
4643 msgid "priority 100"
4644 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4647 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:114
4649 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4650 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4651 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4652 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4655 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4656 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:121
4658 msgid "priority 500"
4659 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4662 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
4665 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
4668 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
4670 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4671 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:126
4673 msgid "priority 990"
4674 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4677 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
4680 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
4682 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4684 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4685 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:132
4688 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4689 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4690 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4691 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4692 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4693 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4695 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4696 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4697 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4700 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:139
4703 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4704 "determine which version of a package to install."
4706 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4707 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4710 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:142
4713 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4714 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4715 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4716 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4717 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4719 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4720 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4721 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4722 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4723 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4724 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4727 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
4729 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4730 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4732 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4733 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:149
4736 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4737 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4739 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4740 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4743 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:152
4746 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4747 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4748 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4750 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4751 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4752 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4754 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4755 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:158
4758 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4759 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4760 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4761 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4762 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4764 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4765 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4766 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4767 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4768 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4772 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:165
4775 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4776 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4777 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4778 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4780 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4781 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4782 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4783 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4784 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4787 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:170
4790 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4791 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4792 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4793 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4794 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4795 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4796 "than the installed version."
4798 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4799 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4800 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4801 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4802 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4803 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4804 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4807 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:179
4809 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4810 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4813 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
4816 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4817 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4818 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4819 "specific form and a general form."
4821 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4822 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4823 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4824 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4827 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:187
4830 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4831 "specified packages and specified version or version range. For example, the "
4832 "following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4833 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4834 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by spaces."
4836 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4837 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4838 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4839 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4840 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4843 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:194
4847 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4848 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4850 "<programlisting>\n"
4852 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4853 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4855 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4856 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:200
4859 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4860 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4861 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4862 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4863 "fully qualified domain name."
4865 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4866 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4867 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4868 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4869 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4871 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4872 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:206
4875 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4876 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4877 "all package versions available from the local site."
4879 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4880 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4881 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4885 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:211
4889 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4890 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4892 "<programlisting>\n"
4894 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4895 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4898 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
4900 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4901 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4902 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4903 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4907 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
4911 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4912 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4914 "<programlisting>\n"
4916 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4917 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4919 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4920 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:224
4923 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4924 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4925 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4926 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4929 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4930 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4931 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4932 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4933 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4934 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4937 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4940 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4941 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4944 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4945 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4946 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4949 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:233
4953 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4954 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4956 "<programlisting>\n"
4958 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4959 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4961 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4962 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
4965 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4966 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4969 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4970 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4971 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4974 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:242
4978 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4979 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4981 "<programlisting>\n"
4983 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4984 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4986 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4987 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:247
4990 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4991 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4992 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>3.0</literal>\"."
4994 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4995 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4996 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4999 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
5000 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:252
5004 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5005 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5007 "<programlisting>\n"
5009 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
5010 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5013 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:262
5014 msgid "Regular expressions and glob() syntax"
5017 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5018 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
5020 "APT also supports pinning by glob() expressions and regular expressions "
5021 "surrounded by /. For example, the following example assigns the priority 500 "
5022 "to all packages from experimental where the name starts with gnome (as a glob"
5023 "()-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX extended regular "
5024 "expression surrounded by slashes)."
5027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5028 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:273
5031 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
5032 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
5033 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5035 "<programlisting>\n"
5037 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5038 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5040 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5041 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:279
5043 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
5044 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
5045 "packages from a release starting with karmic."
5048 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5049 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:285
5053 "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
5054 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
5056 "<programlisting>\n"
5058 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5059 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5062 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:291
5064 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
5065 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
5066 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
5067 "the future, thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
5068 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
5069 "Package field is not considered a glob() expression in itself."
5072 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5073 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:307
5075 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
5076 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
5078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5079 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:310
5082 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
5083 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
5085 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
5086 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
5087 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
5089 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5090 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:315
5093 msgstr "P > 1000"
5095 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5096 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
5099 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
5102 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
5103 "dowgrade do pacote"
5105 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5106 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
5108 msgid "990 < P <=1000"
5109 msgstr "990 < P <=1000"
5111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5112 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:321
5115 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
5116 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
5118 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
5119 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5122 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:326
5124 msgid "500 < P <=990"
5125 msgstr "500 < P <=990"
5127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5128 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:327
5131 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5132 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
5134 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5135 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5138 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:332
5140 msgid "100 < P <=500"
5141 msgstr "100 < P <=500"
5143 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5144 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:333
5147 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5148 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
5150 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5151 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
5154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5155 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:338
5157 msgid "0 < P <=100"
5158 msgstr "0 <= P <=100"
5160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5161 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
5164 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
5167 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
5168 "instalada do pacote"
5170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5171 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
5176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5177 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:344
5179 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
5180 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
5182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5183 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:349
5186 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
5187 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
5188 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
5189 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
5191 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
5192 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
5193 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
5194 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
5195 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
5196 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
5198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5199 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
5202 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
5203 "presented earlier:"
5205 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
5206 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
5208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5209 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:359
5213 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5214 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5217 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5218 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5221 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5222 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5224 "<programlisting>\n"
5226 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5227 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5230 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5231 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5234 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5235 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5237 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5238 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:372
5242 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5243 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
5246 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
5247 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
5248 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> 5.8* version of "
5249 "<literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version is 5.9*, then "
5250 "<literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
5252 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
5253 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
5254 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
5255 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
5256 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
5258 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5259 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
5262 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
5263 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
5264 "versions belonging to the target release."
5266 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
5267 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
5268 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
5270 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5271 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
5274 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
5275 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
5276 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
5277 "and no version of the package is already installed."
5279 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
5280 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
5281 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
5282 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
5285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5286 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:393
5288 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
5289 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
5291 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5292 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
5295 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
5296 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
5297 "describe the packages available at that location."
5299 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
5300 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
5301 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
5303 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5304 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:399
5307 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5308 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
5309 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
5310 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
5311 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
5312 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
5313 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5315 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
5316 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
5317 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
5318 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
5319 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
5320 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
5321 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
5324 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5325 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407
5327 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
5328 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
5330 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5331 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
5333 msgid "gives the package name"
5334 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
5336 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5337 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:411 apt_preferences.5.xml:461
5339 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
5340 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
5342 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5343 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:412
5345 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
5346 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
5348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5349 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:417
5352 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5353 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
5354 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
5355 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
5356 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
5357 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
5358 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
5359 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5361 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
5362 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
5363 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
5364 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
5365 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
5366 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
5367 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
5368 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
5371 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5372 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
5374 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
5375 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
5377 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5378 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:429
5381 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5382 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
5383 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5384 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
5385 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
5388 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5389 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5390 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5391 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5392 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5393 "requerer a linha :"
5395 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5396 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
5398 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5400 "<programlisting>\n"
5401 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5403 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5404 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:445
5406 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
5407 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5410 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:446
5413 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5414 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
5415 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5416 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
5417 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
5418 "preferences file would require the line:"
5420 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5421 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5422 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5423 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5424 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5425 "requerer a linha :"
5427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5428 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:455
5430 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5432 "<programlisting>\n"
5433 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5435 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5436 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:462
5439 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
5440 "belong to Debian release version 3.0. Note that there is normally no "
5441 "version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</"
5442 "literal> distributions because they have not been released yet. Specifying "
5443 "this in the APT preferences file would require one of the following lines."
5445 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
5446 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
5447 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
5448 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
5449 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
5452 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5453 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:471
5456 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5457 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5458 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5460 "<programlisting>\n"
5461 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5462 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
5463 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5465 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5466 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:480
5468 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
5469 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5472 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:481
5475 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
5476 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
5477 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5478 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5479 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5480 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5482 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
5483 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
5484 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5485 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
5486 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
5487 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5488 "requerer a linha :"
5490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5491 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:490
5493 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5495 "<programlisting>\n"
5496 "Pin: release c=main\n"
5498 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5499 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:496
5501 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5502 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5505 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:497
5508 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5509 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5510 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5513 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
5514 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
5515 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5516 "requerer a linha :"
5518 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5519 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:503
5521 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5523 "<programlisting>\n"
5524 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5527 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:509
5529 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5530 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5533 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:510
5536 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5537 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5538 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5541 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
5542 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
5543 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
5545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5546 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:516
5548 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5550 "<programlisting>\n"
5551 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5553 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5554 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:523
5557 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5558 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5559 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5560 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5561 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5562 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5563 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5564 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5565 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5566 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5568 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
5569 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
5570 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
5571 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
5572 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
5573 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
5574 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
5575 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
5576 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
5577 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
5579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5580 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:536
5582 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5583 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
5585 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5586 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
5589 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5590 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5591 "provides a place for comments."
5593 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
5594 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
5595 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
5597 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5598 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
5600 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5601 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
5603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5604 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:555
5607 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5608 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5610 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5611 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5614 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5615 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5617 "<programlisting>\n"
5618 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5619 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5621 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5622 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5625 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5626 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5628 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5629 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
5632 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5633 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5634 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5635 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5636 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5638 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5639 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
5640 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5641 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5642 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5645 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:572 apt_preferences.5.xml:618
5646 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:676
5649 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5651 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5653 "<programlisting>\n"
5654 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5656 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5658 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5659 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:567
5662 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5663 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5664 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5667 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5668 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5669 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5672 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:584
5674 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5676 "<programlisting>\n"
5677 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5679 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5680 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
5683 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5684 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5685 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5686 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5688 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5689 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5690 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5692 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5693 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:590
5695 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5696 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5699 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:599
5703 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5704 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5707 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5708 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5711 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5712 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5714 "<programlisting>\n"
5716 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5717 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5720 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5721 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5724 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5725 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5728 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
5731 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5732 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5733 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5734 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5735 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5736 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5738 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5739 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5740 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5741 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5742 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5745 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:613
5748 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5749 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5750 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5753 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5754 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a"
5755 "(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5758 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:633
5760 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5762 "<programlisting>\n"
5763 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5765 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5766 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
5769 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5770 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5771 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5772 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5773 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5774 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5775 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5777 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5778 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5779 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5780 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5781 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5782 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5783 "recente que a versão instalada."
5785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5786 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:640
5787 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5790 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5791 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:654
5794 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5795 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5797 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5798 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5800 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5802 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5803 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5806 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5807 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5809 "<programlisting>\n"
5810 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5811 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5813 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5814 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5817 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5818 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5821 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
5823 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5824 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5825 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5826 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5827 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5828 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5829 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5830 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5831 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5832 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5835 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5836 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:671
5839 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5840 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5841 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5842 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5844 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5845 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5846 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5849 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:691
5851 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5853 "<programlisting>\n"
5854 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5857 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
5860 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5861 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5862 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5863 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5864 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5865 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5866 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5868 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5869 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5870 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5871 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5872 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5873 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5874 "recente que a versão instalada."
5876 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5877 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:706
5879 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5880 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5883 #: sources.list.5.xml:33
5884 msgid "Package resource list for APT"
5887 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5888 #: sources.list.5.xml:37
5890 "The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package "
5891 "distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page "
5892 "documents only the packaging system used by the Debian system. This control "
5893 "file is <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>."
5896 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5897 #: sources.list.5.xml:42
5899 "The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a "
5900 "variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most "
5901 "preferred source listed first. The format of each line is: <literal>type uri "
5902 "args</literal> The first item, <literal>type</literal> determines the format "
5903 "for <literal>args</literal>. <literal>uri</literal> is a Universal Resource "
5904 "Identifier (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known "
5905 "Universal Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a "
5906 "comment by using a #."
5909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5910 #: sources.list.5.xml:53
5911 msgid "sources.list.d"
5914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5915 #: sources.list.5.xml:54
5917 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5918 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
5919 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
5920 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5921 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5922 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file if the file "
5923 "doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5924 "configuration list - in this case it will be silently ignored."
5927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5928 #: sources.list.5.xml:65
5929 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5933 #: sources.list.5.xml:66
5935 "The <literal>deb</literal> type describes a typical two-level Debian "
5936 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. Typically, "
5937 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archivename like "
5938 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5939 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5940 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal> <literal>contrib</"
5941 "literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-src</literal> type "
5942 "describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the "
5943 "<literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required "
5944 "to fetch source indexes."
5947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5948 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
5950 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5951 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5955 #: sources.list.5.xml:81
5957 msgid "deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]"
5960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5961 #: sources.list.5.xml:83
5963 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5964 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5965 "<literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5966 "components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with "
5967 "a slash (/). This is useful for when the case only a particular sub-section "
5968 "of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If <literal>distribution</"
5969 "literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one <literal>component</"
5970 "literal> must be present."
5973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5974 #: sources.list.5.xml:92
5976 "<literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)"
5977 "</literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, "
5978 "powerpc, ...) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent "
5979 "<filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only "
5980 "of interest when specifying an exact path, <literal>APT</literal> will "
5981 "automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise."
5984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5985 #: sources.list.5.xml:100
5987 "Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to "
5988 "have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available "
5989 "distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the "
5990 "URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse "
5991 "multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single "
5992 "connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, "
5993 "close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same "
5994 "host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the "
5995 "number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to "
5996 "different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
5999 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6000 #: sources.list.5.xml:112
6002 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surounded by "
6003 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
6004 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
6005 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
6006 "following settings are supported by APT, note though that unsupported "
6007 "settings will be ignored silently:"
6010 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6011 #: sources.list.5.xml:117
6013 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
6014 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
6015 "packages information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
6016 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
6017 "will be downloaded."
6020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6021 #: sources.list.5.xml:121
6023 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
6024 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
6025 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
6026 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
6027 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
6028 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
6031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6032 #: sources.list.5.xml:128
6034 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
6035 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
6036 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
6037 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
6040 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6041 #: sources.list.5.xml:133
6043 msgid "Some examples:"
6046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6047 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
6050 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
6051 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
6055 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6056 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
6057 msgid "URI specification"
6060 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6061 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
6062 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
6065 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6066 #: sources.list.5.xml:147
6068 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
6069 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
6073 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6074 #: sources.list.5.xml:154
6076 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
6077 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
6080 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6081 #: sources.list.5.xml:161
6083 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
6084 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
6085 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
6086 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
6087 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
6091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6092 #: sources.list.5.xml:172
6094 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
6095 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
6096 "Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
6097 "envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify a http proxy (http "
6098 "proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and ONLY this "
6099 "method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration file will be "
6103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6104 #: sources.list.5.xml:183
6106 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
6107 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
6108 "This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT."
6111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6112 #: sources.list.5.xml:190
6114 "The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host as a given "
6115 "user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior arrangements with "
6116 "RSA keys or rhosts. Access to files on the remote uses standard "
6117 "<command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> commands to perform the "
6118 "file transfers from the remote."
6121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6122 #: sources.list.5.xml:198
6123 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
6126 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6127 #: sources.list.5.xml:200
6129 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages "
6130 "which should follow the nameing scheme <package>apt-transport-"
6131 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. The APT team e.g. maintains "
6132 "also the <package>apt-transport-https</package> package which provides "
6133 "access methods for https-URIs with features similar to the http method, but "
6134 "other methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available, see &apt-"
6135 "transport-debtorrent;."
6138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6139 #: sources.list.5.xml:212
6141 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
6142 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
6145 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6146 #: sources.list.5.xml:214
6148 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
6151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6152 #: sources.list.5.xml:216
6153 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
6156 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6157 #: sources.list.5.xml:217
6159 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6162 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6163 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
6164 msgid "Source line for the above"
6167 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6168 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
6170 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6174 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
6176 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
6177 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
6178 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
6181 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6182 #: sources.list.5.xml:224
6185 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
6186 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
6189 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6190 #: sources.list.5.xml:227
6192 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
6196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6197 #: sources.list.5.xml:229
6199 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
6202 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6203 #: sources.list.5.xml:231
6205 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6206 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
6209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6210 #: sources.list.5.xml:233
6212 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
6215 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6216 #: sources.list.5.xml:235
6218 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6219 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
6220 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
6221 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
6224 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6225 #: sources.list.5.xml:239
6227 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
6230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6231 #: sources.list.5.xml:248
6233 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6237 #: sources.list.5.xml:241
6239 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
6240 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
6241 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
6242 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
6243 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
6244 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6248 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6249 #: sources.list.5.xml:253
6251 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
6252 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
6254 #. type: <title></title>
6256 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6259 #. type: <author></author>
6260 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
6261 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
6264 #. type: <version></version>
6266 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
6269 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
6272 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6275 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
6277 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6281 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6283 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6284 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6285 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6286 "or (at your option) any later version."
6290 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6292 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6293 "GPL for the full license."
6296 #. type: <heading></heading>
6304 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6305 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6306 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6307 "packages from the Internet."
6310 #. type: <heading></heading>
6312 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6318 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6319 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6320 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6326 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6327 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6328 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6329 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6330 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6336 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6337 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6338 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6345 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6346 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6347 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6348 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6354 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6355 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6356 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6357 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6358 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6359 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6360 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6361 "other mail transport agents."
6367 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6368 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6369 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6370 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6371 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6372 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6373 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6374 "trying to manually fix packages."
6380 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6381 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6382 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6383 "packages for installation."
6386 #. type: <heading></heading>
6394 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6395 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6396 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6397 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6403 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6404 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6405 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6406 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6407 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6411 #. type: <example></example>
6415 "# apt-get update\n"
6416 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6417 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6418 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6419 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6422 #. type: <p><taglist>
6424 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6427 #. type: <tag></tag>
6435 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6436 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6437 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6438 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6439 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6440 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6441 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6444 #. type: <tag></tag>
6452 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6453 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6454 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6455 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6456 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6457 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6458 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6461 #. type: <tag></tag>
6463 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6469 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6470 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6471 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6472 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6473 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6474 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6475 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6481 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6482 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6488 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6489 "its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
6490 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6491 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6492 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6493 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6494 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6497 #. type: <heading></heading>
6505 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6506 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6507 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6514 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6515 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6516 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6517 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source can "
6518 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6519 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
6520 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6521 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6522 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
6525 #. type: <example></example>
6529 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6531 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6532 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6535 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6536 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6537 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6540 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6546 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6547 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6551 #. type: <example></example>
6555 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6556 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6557 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6559 " Distribution [stable]:"
6565 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6566 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6567 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6568 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6569 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6570 "into the US is legal however."
6573 #. type: <example></example>
6577 " Please give the components to get\n"
6578 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6580 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6586 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6587 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6588 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6589 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6595 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6596 "until you have specified all that you want."
6602 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6603 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6604 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6605 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6606 "tt> has been run before."
6612 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6613 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6614 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6621 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6622 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6623 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6626 #. type: <heading></heading>
6628 msgid "The Interface"
6634 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6635 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6636 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6637 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6638 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6639 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6640 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6641 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6644 #. type: <heading></heading>
6652 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6653 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6654 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6658 #. type: <example></example>
6663 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6664 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6670 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6671 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6672 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6673 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6679 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6680 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6681 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6682 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6685 #. type: <example></example>
6690 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6691 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6692 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6693 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6694 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6695 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6696 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6697 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6698 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6699 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6700 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6701 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6702 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6703 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6709 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6710 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6711 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6712 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6713 "problem is also included."
6719 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6720 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6721 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6722 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6723 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6724 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6731 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6732 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6733 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6734 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6735 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6736 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6742 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6743 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6744 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6745 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6746 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6749 #. type: <heading></heading>
6751 msgid "The Status Report"
6757 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6758 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6759 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6760 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6761 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6764 #. type: <heading></heading>
6766 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6769 #. type: <example></example>
6773 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6774 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6775 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6776 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6777 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6784 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6785 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6786 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6787 "result of an Auto Install."
6790 #. type: <heading></heading>
6792 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6795 #. type: <example></example>
6799 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6800 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6801 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6802 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6809 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6810 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6811 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6812 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6813 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6814 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6815 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6818 #. type: <heading></heading>
6820 msgid "The New Packages list"
6823 #. type: <example></example>
6827 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6828 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6834 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6835 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6839 #. type: <heading></heading>
6841 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6844 #. type: <example></example>
6848 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6849 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6850 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6856 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6857 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6858 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6859 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6860 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6861 "to resolve their problems."
6864 #. type: <heading></heading>
6866 msgid "Held Packages warning"
6869 #. type: <example></example>
6873 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6880 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
6881 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
6882 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
6885 #. type: <heading></heading>
6887 msgid "Final summary"
6893 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
6896 #. type: <example></example>
6900 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6901 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
6902 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
6908 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
6909 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
6910 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
6911 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
6912 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
6913 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
6914 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
6915 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
6916 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
6917 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
6918 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
6919 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
6920 "the amount of space that will be freed."
6926 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
6927 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
6930 #. type: <heading></heading>
6932 msgid "The Status Display"
6938 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
6942 #. type: <example></example>
6946 "# apt-get update\n"
6947 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
6948 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6949 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
6950 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6951 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
6952 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
6958 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
6959 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
6960 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
6961 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
6962 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
6969 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
6970 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
6971 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
6972 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
6973 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
6974 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
6975 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
6981 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
6982 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
6983 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
6984 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
6985 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
6986 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
6987 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
6988 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
6989 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
6990 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
6991 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
6992 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
6999 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7000 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7001 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7002 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7006 #. type: <heading></heading>
7014 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7015 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7016 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7017 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7018 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7019 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7022 #. type: <title></title>
7024 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7027 #. type: <version></version>
7029 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7032 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7035 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7036 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7039 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7041 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7044 #. type: <heading></heading>
7046 msgid "Introduction"
7049 #. type: <heading></heading>
7050 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7057 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7058 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7059 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7060 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7066 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7067 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7068 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7069 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7070 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7071 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7072 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7073 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7074 "bad or no connection."
7080 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7081 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7082 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7083 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7086 #. type: <heading></heading>
7088 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7091 #. type: <p><example>
7094 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7095 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7096 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7097 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7100 #. type: <example></example>
7114 #. type: <heading></heading>
7116 msgid "The configuration file"
7122 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7123 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7124 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7125 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7126 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7127 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7130 #. type: <p><example>
7133 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7137 #. type: <example></example>
7143 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7144 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7145 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7147 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7152 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7153 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7154 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7155 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7157 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7158 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7159 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7161 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7162 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7166 #. type: </example></p>
7169 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7170 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7173 #. type: <p><example>
7176 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7177 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7178 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7179 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7180 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7183 #. type: <example></example>
7187 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7188 " # apt-get update\n"
7189 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7190 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7191 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7194 #. type: </example></p>
7197 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7198 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7199 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7200 "your selections back to the local computer."
7203 #. type: <p><example>
7206 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7207 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7210 #. type: <example></example>
7214 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7215 " # apt-get check\n"
7216 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7217 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7218 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7224 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7225 "local one. This is very important!"
7231 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7232 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7233 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7234 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7235 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7238 #. type: <heading></heading>
7240 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7246 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7247 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7248 "already has a list of available packages."
7254 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7255 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7256 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7260 #. type: <heading></heading>
7266 #. type: <p><example>
7269 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7270 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7273 #. type: <example></example>
7277 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7278 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7279 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7280 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7283 #. type: </example></p>
7286 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7293 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7294 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7295 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7296 "output on the disc."
7299 #. type: <p><example>
7301 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7304 #. type: <example></example>
7309 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7313 #. type: </example><example>
7316 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7317 "installation can proceed using,"
7320 #. type: <example></example>
7323 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7326 #. type: </example></p>
7328 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7332 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
7333 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
7336 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
7338 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7339 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
7342 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
7343 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7346 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
7347 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
7350 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7351 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7355 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7356 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7357 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7358 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7360 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7361 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7363 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7365 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7366 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7367 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7372 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7373 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7374 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7375 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7379 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7380 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7384 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7385 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7386 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7387 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7389 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7390 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7391 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7392 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7397 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7398 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7399 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7400 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7402 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7403 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7404 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7405 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7407 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7408 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7409 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7410 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7411 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7412 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7414 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7415 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7416 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7417 #~ "configuration \n"
7418 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7419 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7422 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7423 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7424 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7425 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7427 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7428 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7429 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7430 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7432 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7433 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7434 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7435 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7436 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7437 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7438 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7440 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7441 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7442 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7443 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7444 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7447 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7448 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"
projects / apt.git / blob