1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
11 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
12 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
13 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-29 15:35+0300\n"
14 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
15 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
16 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
19 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
20 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
48 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
71 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
72 "package management there are several frontends available, such as B<aptitude>"
73 "(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window System. Some "
74 "options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
86 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
87 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
98 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
109 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
116 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
117 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
118 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
121 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
123 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</"
125 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
126 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
139 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
142 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
144 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
151 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
153 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
154 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
163 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
165 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
174 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
175 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
176 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
177 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
178 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
179 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
180 " &reportbug; command.\n"
186 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
188 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
189 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
190 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
197 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
198 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
199 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
200 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
206 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
208 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
215 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
216 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
217 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
218 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
219 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
220 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
231 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
232 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
233 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
244 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
245 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
246 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
247 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
248 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
249 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
250 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
261 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
262 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
263 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
264 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
265 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
266 " times to set different options.\n"
277 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
278 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
279 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
280 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
281 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
282 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
283 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
284 " or several other variations.\n"
290 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
291 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
292 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
293 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
294 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
301 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
302 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
303 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
304 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
312 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
313 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
314 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
323 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
324 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
325 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
326 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
334 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
335 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
336 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
345 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
346 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
347 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
348 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
349 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
350 " from a separate source\n"
351 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
352 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
360 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
361 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
362 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
371 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
372 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
373 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
374 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
382 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
383 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
384 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
393 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
394 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
395 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
397 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
405 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
406 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
407 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
416 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
417 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
418 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
419 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
427 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
428 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
429 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
430 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
439 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
440 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
441 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
442 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
443 " </para></listitem>\n"
452 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
453 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
454 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
455 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
461 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
462 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
463 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
464 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
465 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
466 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
467 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
470 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
471 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
472 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
479 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
480 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
481 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
482 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
483 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
484 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
485 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
486 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
487 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
494 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
495 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
501 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
502 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
508 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
509 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
510 "\"target_release\">"
516 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
517 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
523 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
524 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
530 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
531 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
537 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
538 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
544 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
545 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
551 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
552 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
558 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
559 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
560 "\"temporary_directory\">"
566 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
567 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
573 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
574 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
580 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
581 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
588 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
589 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
596 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
597 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
603 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
604 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
608 #: apt-cache.8.xml:26 apt-cdrom.8.xml:25 apt-config.8.xml:26 apt-get.8.xml:26
609 #: apt-key.8.xml:25 apt-mark.8.xml:26 apt-secure.8.xml:25
613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
614 #: apt-cache.8.xml:27 apt-cdrom.8.xml:26 apt-config.8.xml:27
615 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:27 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:27 apt-get.8.xml:27
616 #: apt-key.8.xml:26 apt-mark.8.xml:27 apt-secure.8.xml:26
617 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:27 apt.conf.5.xml:32 apt_preferences.5.xml:26
618 #: sources.list.5.xml:27
622 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
623 #: apt-cache.8.xml:33
624 msgid "query the APT cache"
627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
628 #: apt-cache.8.xml:38 apt-cdrom.8.xml:37 apt-config.8.xml:38
629 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:38 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:38 apt-get.8.xml:38
630 #: apt-key.8.xml:37 apt-mark.8.xml:38 apt-secure.8.xml:50
631 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:38 apt.conf.5.xml:41 apt_preferences.5.xml:36
632 #: sources.list.5.xml:36
637 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
638 #: apt-cache.8.xml:39
640 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
641 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
642 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
643 "output from the package metadata."
646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
647 #: apt-cache.8.xml:44 apt-cdrom.8.xml:51 apt-config.8.xml:44
648 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:54 apt-get.8.xml:44
650 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
651 "one of the commands below must be present."
654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
655 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49
657 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
658 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
662 #: apt-cache.8.xml:53 apt-cache.8.xml:142 apt-cache.8.xml:163
663 #: apt-cache.8.xml:185 apt-cache.8.xml:190 apt-cache.8.xml:206
664 #: apt-cache.8.xml:224 apt-cache.8.xml:236
665 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
669 #: apt-cache.8.xml:54
671 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
672 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
673 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
674 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
675 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
676 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
677 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
678 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
679 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
683 #: apt-cache.8.xml:66
686 "Package: libreadline2\n"
687 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
688 "Reverse Depends: \n"
689 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
690 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
692 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
695 "Reverse Provides: \n"
698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
699 #: apt-cache.8.xml:78
701 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
702 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
703 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
704 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
705 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
706 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
707 "best to consult the apt source code."
710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
711 #: apt-cache.8.xml:87
713 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
714 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
717 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
718 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
720 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
725 #: apt-cache.8.xml:94
727 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
728 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
729 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
730 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
734 #: apt-cache.8.xml:100
736 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
737 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
738 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
739 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
740 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
741 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
745 #: apt-cache.8.xml:108
747 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
748 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
749 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
750 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
754 #: apt-cache.8.xml:114
756 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
757 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
758 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
759 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
763 #: apt-cache.8.xml:121
765 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
766 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
767 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
768 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
769 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
773 #: apt-cache.8.xml:128
775 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
776 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
777 "total package names. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
778 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
779 "larger than the number of total package names."
782 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
783 #: apt-cache.8.xml:135
785 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
786 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
790 #: apt-cache.8.xml:143
792 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
793 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
794 "records that declare the name to be a binary package."
797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
798 #: apt-cache.8.xml:149
800 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
801 "It is primarily for debugging."
804 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
805 #: apt-cache.8.xml:154
807 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
808 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
812 #: apt-cache.8.xml:159
814 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
818 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
819 #: apt-cache.8.xml:164
821 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
822 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
826 #: apt-cache.8.xml:169
827 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
831 #: apt-cache.8.xml:170
833 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
834 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
835 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
836 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
837 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
838 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
839 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
840 "description is not searched, only the package name is."
843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
844 #: apt-cache.8.xml:181
846 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
851 #: apt-cache.8.xml:186
853 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
854 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
858 #: apt-cache.8.xml:191
860 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
865 #: apt-cache.8.xml:195
867 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
870 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
873 #: apt-cache.8.xml:196
875 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
876 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
877 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
878 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
883 #: apt-cache.8.xml:201
885 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
886 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
887 "the generated list."
890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
891 #: apt-cache.8.xml:207
893 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
894 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
895 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
896 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
897 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
898 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
899 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
900 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
904 #: apt-cache.8.xml:216
906 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
907 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
908 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
909 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
913 #: apt-cache.8.xml:221
914 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
918 #: apt-cache.8.xml:225
920 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
921 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
925 #: apt-cache.8.xml:229
927 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
930 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
933 #: apt-cache.8.xml:230
935 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
936 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
937 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
938 "selection of the named package."
941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
942 #: apt-cache.8.xml:237
944 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
945 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
946 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
947 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
948 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
949 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
950 "Architecture</literal>)."
953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
954 #: apt-cache.8.xml:248 apt-config.8.xml:84 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:52
955 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:504 apt-get.8.xml:259 apt-mark.8.xml:108
956 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:48
960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
961 #: apt-cache.8.xml:253
963 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
964 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
965 "pkgcache</literal>."
968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
969 #: apt-cache.8.xml:259
971 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
972 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
973 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
974 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
975 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
979 #: apt-cache.8.xml:267
981 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
982 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
983 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
984 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
988 #: apt-cache.8.xml:274
990 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
991 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
992 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
996 #: apt-cache.8.xml:288
998 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
999 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1000 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1001 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1002 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1006 #: apt-cache.8.xml:295
1008 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1009 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1013 #: apt-cache.8.xml:300
1015 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1016 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1017 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1018 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1019 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1020 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1024 #: apt-cache.8.xml:309
1026 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1027 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1028 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1032 #: apt-cache.8.xml:315
1034 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1035 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1039 #: apt-cache.8.xml:320
1041 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1042 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1043 "AllNames</literal>."
1046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1047 #: apt-cache.8.xml:326
1049 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1050 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1051 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1055 #: apt-cache.8.xml:333
1057 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1058 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1059 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1063 #: apt-cache.8.xml:343 apt-get.8.xml:519 apt-key.8.xml:174 apt-mark.8.xml:125
1064 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1118 apt_preferences.5.xml:698
1068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1069 #: apt-cache.8.xml:350 apt-cdrom.8.xml:144 apt-config.8.xml:109
1070 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607 apt-get.8.xml:529
1071 #: apt-key.8.xml:195 apt-mark.8.xml:131 apt-secure.8.xml:192
1072 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63 apt.conf.5.xml:1124 apt_preferences.5.xml:705
1073 #: sources.list.5.xml:252
1076 msgstr "Consulte também"
1078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1079 #: apt-cache.8.xml:351
1080 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1084 #: apt-cache.8.xml:355 apt-cdrom.8.xml:149 apt-config.8.xml:114
1085 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:74 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:611 apt-get.8.xml:535
1086 #: apt-mark.8.xml:135 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:67
1090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1091 #: apt-cache.8.xml:356
1093 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1097 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1098 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:32
1099 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
1102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1103 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:38
1105 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
1106 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
1107 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
1108 "burns and verifying the index files."
1111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1112 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:45
1114 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
1115 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
1116 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
1119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1120 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:56
1122 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
1123 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
1124 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
1125 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
1129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1130 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:64
1132 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
1133 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
1137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1138 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:72
1140 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
1144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1145 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:80 apt-key.8.xml:160
1149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1150 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:85
1152 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
1153 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
1154 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
1157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1158 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:94
1160 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
1161 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
1162 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
1165 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1166 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:103
1168 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
1169 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
1170 "NoMount</literal>."
1173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1174 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:111
1176 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
1177 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
1178 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
1179 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
1182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1183 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:121
1185 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
1186 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
1187 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
1190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1191 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:132
1193 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
1194 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
1195 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
1198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1199 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:145
1201 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
1202 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1204 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1205 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:150
1207 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1212 #: apt-config.8.xml:33
1213 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
1216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1217 #: apt-config.8.xml:39
1219 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
1220 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
1221 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
1222 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
1225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1226 #: apt-config.8.xml:51
1228 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
1229 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
1230 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
1231 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
1235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1236 #: apt-config.8.xml:59
1240 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
1244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1245 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
1247 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
1248 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
1251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1252 #: apt-config.8.xml:68
1254 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
1255 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
1256 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
1259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1260 #: apt-config.8.xml:77
1261 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
1264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1265 #: apt-config.8.xml:90
1267 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
1268 "empty to remove them from the output."
1271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1272 #: apt-config.8.xml:95
1273 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
1276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1277 #: apt-config.8.xml:96
1279 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
1280 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
1281 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
1282 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
1283 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
1284 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
1287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1288 #: apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
1289 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
1297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1298 #: apt-config.8.xml:115
1300 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
1305 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:26 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:26 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:26
1309 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1310 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:33
1312 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
1316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1317 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:39
1319 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
1320 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
1321 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
1322 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
1326 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1327 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:44
1328 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
1331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1332 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:45
1334 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
1335 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
1336 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
1337 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
1338 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
1341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1342 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:58
1344 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
1345 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
1346 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
1349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1350 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:75
1352 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
1353 "decimal 100 on error."
1356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1357 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:33
1358 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
1361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1362 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
1364 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
1365 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
1366 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
1370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1371 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:43
1373 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
1374 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
1375 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
1376 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
1377 "generation process for a complete archive."
1380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1381 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:49
1383 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
1384 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
1385 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
1386 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
1390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1391 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:60
1393 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
1394 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
1395 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
1396 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
1399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1400 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:65 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:89
1402 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
1405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1406 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:70
1408 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
1409 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1410 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
1411 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
1414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1415 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:75
1417 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
1418 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
1419 "change the source override file that will be used."
1422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1423 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:82
1425 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
1426 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1427 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
1428 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
1429 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
1430 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
1433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1434 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:94
1436 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
1437 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
1438 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and the "
1439 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
1440 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
1441 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
1442 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
1443 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
1444 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a Release file containing a MD5, SHA1 "
1445 "and SHA256 digest for each file."
1448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1449 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:104
1451 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
1452 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
1453 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
1454 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
1455 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
1456 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
1457 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
1458 "<literal>Description</literal>."
1461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1462 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:117
1464 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
1465 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
1466 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
1467 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
1468 "maintaining the required settings."
1471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1472 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:126
1474 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
1475 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
1478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1479 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:132
1480 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
1483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1484 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
1486 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
1487 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
1488 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
1489 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
1490 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
1491 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
1494 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1495 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
1497 "The generate configuration has 4 separate sections, each described below."
1500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1501 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
1503 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
1504 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
1506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1507 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
1509 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
1510 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
1511 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
1512 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
1515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1516 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:153
1518 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
1519 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
1523 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1524 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:160
1525 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
1528 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1529 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:165
1530 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files"
1533 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1534 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:170
1536 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
1537 "literal> setting is used below."
1540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1541 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:176
1543 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
1544 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1546 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1547 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
1549 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
1550 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
1551 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
1554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1555 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:184
1557 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the Package index files. It "
1558 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
1559 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
1563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1564 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:192
1566 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
1567 "defaults to '.deb'."
1570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1571 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:198
1573 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1574 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
1577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1578 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:204
1580 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
1581 "defaults to '.dsc'."
1584 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1585 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:210
1587 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1588 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
1591 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1592 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:216
1594 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1595 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
1598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1599 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:222
1601 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
1602 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
1603 "Links</literal> setting."
1606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1607 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:229
1609 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
1610 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
1613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1614 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:236 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:382
1616 "Sets if long descriptions should be included in the Packages file or split "
1617 "out into a master Translation-en file."
1620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1621 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:242
1623 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
1624 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1627 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
1629 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
1630 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
1631 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
1634 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1635 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:251
1637 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
1638 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
1642 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1643 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:258
1645 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
1646 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
1647 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
1648 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
1649 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
1650 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
1653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1654 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:269
1656 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1657 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
1660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1661 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:275
1663 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
1664 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
1667 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1668 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:281
1670 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1671 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
1674 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1675 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:287
1677 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1678 "source/Sources</filename>"
1681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1682 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:293
1684 "Set the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if they "
1685 "should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1686 "$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
1689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1690 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:300
1692 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
1693 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
1697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1698 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:307
1700 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)"
1701 "</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files to map onto a "
1702 "single Contents file (such as the default) then <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1703 "command> will integrate those package files together automatically."
1706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1707 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:316
1708 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
1711 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1712 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:321
1714 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
1715 "can share the same database."
1718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1719 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:327
1721 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1722 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1723 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
1726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1727 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:334
1729 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1730 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1731 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
1732 "when processing source indexes."
1735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1736 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:342
1738 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
1739 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1741 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1742 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
1744 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
1745 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
1746 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
1747 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
1751 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1752 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:349
1754 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
1755 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
1756 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
1757 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
1760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1761 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:354
1763 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
1764 "can be use in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
1768 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
1769 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:360
1772 "for i in Sections do \n"
1773 " for j in Architectures do\n"
1774 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
1778 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1779 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:357
1781 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1782 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
1786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1787 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:368
1789 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
1790 "distribution, typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
1794 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1795 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:375
1797 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
1798 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
1799 "this tree has a source archive."
1802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1803 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:388
1805 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
1806 "and maintainer address information."
1809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1810 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:394
1812 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
1816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1817 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:400 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:446
1818 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
1821 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1822 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:405 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:451
1823 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
1826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1827 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:410
1829 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
1830 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
1832 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1833 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
1835 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
1836 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
1837 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
1838 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
1839 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
1842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1843 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:420
1844 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
1847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1848 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:425
1850 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
1851 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
1854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1855 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:431
1856 msgid "Sets the Contents file output. (optional)"
1859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1860 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:436
1861 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
1864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1865 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:441
1866 msgid "Sets the source override file."
1869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1870 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:456
1871 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
1874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1875 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:461
1876 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
1879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1880 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:466
1881 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
1884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1885 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:473
1886 msgid "The Binary Override File"
1889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1890 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:474
1892 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
1893 "contains 4 fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package name, "
1894 "the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the the "
1895 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
1896 "permutation field."
1899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1900 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:480
1902 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
1905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1906 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
1911 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1912 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:479
1914 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
1915 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
1916 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
1917 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
1918 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
1922 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1923 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:490
1924 msgid "The Source Override File"
1927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1928 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
1930 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
1931 "contains 2 fields separated by spaces. The first fields is the source "
1932 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
1935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1936 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:497
1937 msgid "The Extra Override File"
1940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1941 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
1943 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
1944 "the output. It has 3 columns, the first is the package, the second is the "
1945 "tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
1948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1949 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:510
1951 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
1952 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
1953 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
1954 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
1955 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
1956 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
1957 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
1958 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
1959 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
1962 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1963 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:521
1965 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
1966 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
1969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1970 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:527
1972 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1973 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1974 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1975 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1979 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:535
1981 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
1982 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
1983 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
1984 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
1987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1988 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:543
1990 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
1991 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
1992 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
1993 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
1994 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
1997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1998 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:553
2000 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
2001 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
2005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2006 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:559
2008 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
2009 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
2012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2013 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:564
2015 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
2016 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
2017 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
2018 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
2021 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2022 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:572
2024 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
2025 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
2026 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
2027 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
2028 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
2029 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
2030 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
2031 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
2035 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2036 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:584
2038 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
2039 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
2040 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
2041 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
2042 "in the generate command."
2045 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2046 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:596 apt.conf.5.xml:1112 apt_preferences.5.xml:545
2047 #: sources.list.5.xml:211
2052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
2053 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:602
2055 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
2058 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2059 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
2061 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
2062 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
2065 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2066 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:612
2068 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
2072 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2074 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
2077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2080 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
2081 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
2082 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, "
2083 "&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;."
2086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2089 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
2090 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
2091 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
2092 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
2093 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
2094 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
2095 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
2096 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
2097 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
2100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2103 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
2104 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
2105 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
2106 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
2107 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
2108 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
2109 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
2110 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
2111 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
2112 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
2115 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2118 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
2119 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
2120 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
2121 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
2122 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. So, "
2123 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages. The "
2124 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations "
2125 "from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-preferences; "
2126 "for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual packages."
2129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2132 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
2133 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
2134 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
2135 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
2136 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
2140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2143 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
2144 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
2145 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, libc6 would be the "
2146 "argument provided, not <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All packages "
2147 "required by the package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved "
2148 "and installed. The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used "
2149 "to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name "
2150 "(with no intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
2151 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
2152 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
2153 "get's conflict resolution system."
2156 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2157 #: apt-get.8.xml:116
2159 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
2160 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
2161 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
2162 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
2163 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
2164 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
2167 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2168 #: apt-get.8.xml:123
2170 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
2174 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2175 #: apt-get.8.xml:126
2177 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
2178 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
2179 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
2180 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
2181 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
2182 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
2183 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
2186 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2187 #: apt-get.8.xml:137
2189 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
2190 "installation policy for individual packages."
2193 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2194 #: apt-get.8.xml:141
2196 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
2197 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
2198 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
2199 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
2200 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
2201 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
2205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2206 #: apt-get.8.xml:151
2208 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
2209 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package "
2210 "leaves its configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the "
2211 "package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2212 "installed instead of removed."
2215 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2216 #: apt-get.8.xml:159
2218 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
2219 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
2223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2224 #: apt-get.8.xml:164
2226 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
2227 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
2228 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
2229 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
2230 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
2231 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
2232 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
2235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2236 #: apt-get.8.xml:172
2238 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
2239 "src</literal> type lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you "
2240 "will need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources "
2241 "from. If you don't do this you will properly get another (newer, older or "
2242 "none) source version than the one you have installed or could install."
2245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2246 #: apt-get.8.xml:179
2248 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
2249 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
2250 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
2251 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
2252 "package will not be unpacked."
2255 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2256 #: apt-get.8.xml:186
2258 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
2259 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
2260 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
2261 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
2265 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2266 #: apt-get.8.xml:192
2268 "Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they exist "
2269 "only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source tar "
2273 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2274 #: apt-get.8.xml:198
2276 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
2277 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
2278 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
2279 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
2280 "option> option instead."
2283 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2284 #: apt-get.8.xml:205
2286 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
2287 "and checks for broken dependencies."
2290 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2291 #: apt-get.8.xml:210
2293 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
2294 "current directory."
2297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2298 #: apt-get.8.xml:216
2300 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
2301 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
2302 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
2303 "partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a &dselect; method, <literal>clean</"
2304 "literal> is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely "
2305 "want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal> from time to time to free up "
2309 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2310 #: apt-get.8.xml:226
2312 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
2313 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
2314 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
2315 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
2316 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
2317 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
2321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2322 #: apt-get.8.xml:236
2324 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
2325 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
2326 "now no longer needed."
2329 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2330 #: apt-get.8.xml:241
2332 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
2333 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
2334 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
2335 "variable (e. g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs"
2336 "\">packages.debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://"
2337 "changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> "
2338 "for Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
2339 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
2340 "<option>install</option> command."
2343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2344 #: apt-get.8.xml:264
2346 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
2347 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
2350 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2351 #: apt-get.8.xml:269
2353 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
2354 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
2357 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2358 #: apt-get.8.xml:274
2360 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
2361 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
2364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2365 #: apt-get.8.xml:279
2367 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
2368 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
2369 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
2370 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
2371 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
2372 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
2373 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
2374 "means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some "
2375 "of the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</"
2376 "option> may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: "
2377 "<literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
2380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2381 #: apt-get.8.xml:294
2383 "Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
2384 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
2385 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
2386 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
2387 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
2388 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
2389 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
2392 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2393 #: apt-get.8.xml:305
2395 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
2396 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
2397 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
2400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2401 #: apt-get.8.xml:312
2403 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
2404 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
2405 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
2406 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>, you should never "
2407 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
2408 "may decided to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
2409 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
2412 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2413 #: apt-get.8.xml:327
2415 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
2416 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2417 "Simulate</literal>."
2420 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2421 #: apt-get.8.xml:331
2423 "Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (<literal>Debug::NoLocking</"
2424 "literal>) automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this "
2425 "is only a simulation, if the option <literal>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-"
2426 "Note</literal> is set (Default: true). Neither NoLocking nor the notice "
2427 "will be triggered if run as root (root should know what he is doing without "
2428 "further warnings by <literal>apt-get</literal>)."
2431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2432 #: apt-get.8.xml:337
2434 "Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg "
2435 "operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets "
2436 "indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks "
2437 "that are of no consequence (rare)."
2440 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2441 #: apt-get.8.xml:346
2443 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
2444 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
2445 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
2446 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
2447 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
2450 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2451 #: apt-get.8.xml:354
2453 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2454 "Assume-No</literal>."
2457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2458 #: apt-get.8.xml:359
2460 "Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be "
2461 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
2464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2465 #: apt-get.8.xml:365
2467 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
2468 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
2471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2472 #: apt-get.8.xml:371
2474 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
2475 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
2476 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
2477 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
2478 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
2479 "Architecture</literal>"
2482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2483 #: apt-get.8.xml:381
2485 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
2486 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
2489 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2490 #: apt-get.8.xml:386
2492 "Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
2493 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
2494 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
2495 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
2498 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2499 #: apt-get.8.xml:393
2501 "Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2502 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
2503 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
2504 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
2507 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2508 #: apt-get.8.xml:400
2510 "Do not install new packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2511 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
2512 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
2513 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
2516 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2517 #: apt-get.8.xml:408
2519 "Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
2520 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
2521 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
2522 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
2523 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
2526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2527 #: apt-get.8.xml:416
2529 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
2530 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected md5 "
2531 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
2532 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
2533 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
2534 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
2535 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2536 "Print-URIs</literal>."
2539 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2540 #: apt-get.8.xml:427
2542 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
2543 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
2544 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
2545 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
2548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2549 #: apt-get.8.xml:435
2551 "Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
2552 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
2555 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2556 #: apt-get.8.xml:440
2558 "This option defaults to on, use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn "
2559 "it off. When on <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the "
2560 "contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete "
2561 "files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently "
2562 "change your source list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::List-"
2563 "Cleanup</literal>."
2566 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2567 #: apt-get.8.xml:451
2569 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates a "
2570 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
2571 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
2572 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
2573 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
2574 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
2575 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
2576 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
2577 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
2580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2581 #: apt-get.8.xml:466
2583 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
2584 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>, where <option>--assume-yes</"
2585 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
2586 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
2589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2590 #: apt-get.8.xml:473
2592 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
2593 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
2596 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2597 #: apt-get.8.xml:479
2599 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
2600 "literal>, then this option acts like running <literal>autoremove</literal> "
2601 "command, removing the unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
2602 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
2605 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2606 #: apt-get.8.xml:486
2608 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
2609 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
2610 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
2611 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
2612 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
2613 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
2617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2618 #: apt-get.8.xml:497
2620 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
2621 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
2622 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
2625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2626 #: apt-get.8.xml:503
2628 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
2629 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
2632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2633 #: apt-get.8.xml:508
2635 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
2636 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2637 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
2640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2641 #: apt-get.8.xml:530
2643 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, "
2644 "&apt-config;, &apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-"
2645 "preferences;, the APT Howto."
2648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2649 #: apt-get.8.xml:536
2651 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
2655 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2657 msgid "APT key management utility"
2660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2663 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
2664 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
2665 "keys will be considered trusted."
2668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2673 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2676 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
2677 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
2678 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
2681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2683 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
2686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2688 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
2691 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2693 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
2696 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2698 msgid "List trusted keys."
2701 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2702 #: apt-key.8.xml:107
2703 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
2706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2707 #: apt-key.8.xml:118
2709 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
2713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2714 #: apt-key.8.xml:130
2716 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
2717 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
2718 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
2719 "distribution, e.g. the <literal>debian-archive-keyring</literal> package in "
2723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2724 #: apt-key.8.xml:144
2726 "Work similar to the <command>update</command> command above, but get the "
2727 "archive keyring from an URI instead and validate it against a master key. "
2728 "This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build configured to have a "
2729 "server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. APT in Debian does "
2730 "not support this command and relies on <command>update</command> instead, "
2731 "but Ubuntu's APT does."
2734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2735 #: apt-key.8.xml:161
2737 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
2741 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2742 #: apt-key.8.xml:164
2744 "With this option it is possible to specify a specific keyring file the "
2745 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
2746 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
2747 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
2748 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
2752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2753 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
2755 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
2756 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
2758 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2759 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
2760 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
2763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2764 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
2765 msgid "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</filename>"
2768 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2769 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
2770 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive trusted keys."
2773 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2774 #: apt-key.8.xml:187
2776 "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg</filename>"
2779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2780 #: apt-key.8.xml:188
2781 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive removed trusted keys."
2784 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2785 #: apt-key.8.xml:197
2787 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
2788 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2790 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2791 #: apt-mark.8.xml:33
2792 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
2795 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2796 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
2798 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
2799 "being automatically installed."
2802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2803 #: apt-mark.8.xml:43
2805 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
2806 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
2807 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
2808 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
2809 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
2812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2813 #: apt-mark.8.xml:52
2815 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
2816 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
2817 "installed packages depend on this package."
2820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2821 #: apt-mark.8.xml:60
2823 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
2824 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
2825 "if no other packages depend on it."
2828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2829 #: apt-mark.8.xml:68
2831 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as hold back, which will "
2832 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
2833 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
2834 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
2835 "effected by the <option>--filename</option> option."
2838 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2839 #: apt-mark.8.xml:78
2841 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
2842 "package to allow all actions again."
2845 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2846 #: apt-mark.8.xml:84
2848 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
2849 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
2850 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
2851 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
2854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2855 #: apt-mark.8.xml:92
2857 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
2858 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2859 "installed packages instead."
2862 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2863 #: apt-mark.8.xml:99
2865 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2866 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2870 #: apt-mark.8.xml:115
2872 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2873 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
2874 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
2875 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
2878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2879 #: apt-mark.8.xml:136
2881 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2885 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2886 #: apt-secure.8.xml:47
2887 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2891 #: apt-secure.8.xml:52
2893 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
2894 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
2895 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
2896 "the Release file signing key."
2899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2900 #: apt-secure.8.xml:60
2902 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature or with a signature "
2903 "that apt does not have a key for that package is considered untrusted and "
2904 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
2905 "currently only warn for unsigned archives, future releases might force all "
2906 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
2909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2910 #: apt-secure.8.xml:69
2912 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2913 "authentication feature."
2916 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2917 #: apt-secure.8.xml:74
2918 msgid "Trusted archives"
2921 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2922 #: apt-secure.8.xml:77
2924 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of "
2925 "different steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this "
2926 "chain, trusting an archive does not mean that the packages that you trust it "
2927 "do not contain malicious code but means that you trust the archive "
2928 "maintainer. It's the archive maintainer responsibility to ensure that the "
2929 "archive integrity is correct."
2932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2933 #: apt-secure.8.xml:85
2935 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2936 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2937 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2938 "packages respectively)."
2941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2942 #: apt-secure.8.xml:92
2944 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
2945 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. This upload in order to "
2946 "become effective needs to be signed by a key of a maintainer within the "
2947 "Debian maintainer's keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). "
2948 "Maintainer's keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established "
2949 "procedures to ensure the identity of the key holder."
2952 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2953 #: apt-secure.8.xml:102
2955 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
2956 "maintainer signature is stripped off, an MD5 sum of the package is computed "
2957 "and put in the Packages file. The MD5 sum of all of the packages files are "
2958 "then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is then signed "
2959 "by the archive key (which is created once a year) and distributed through "
2960 "the FTP server. This key is also on the Debian keyring."
2963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2964 #: apt-secure.8.xml:112
2966 "Any end user can check the signature of the Release file, extract the MD5 "
2967 "sum of a package from it and compare it with the MD5 sum of the package he "
2968 "downloaded. Prior to version 0.6 only the MD5 sum of the downloaded Debian "
2969 "package was checked. Now both the MD5 sum and the signature of the Release "
2973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2974 #: apt-secure.8.xml:119
2976 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
2977 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
2980 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2981 #: apt-secure.8.xml:124
2983 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
2984 "checking, a malicious agent can introduce himself in the package download "
2985 "process and provide malicious software either by controlling a network "
2986 "element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue server "
2987 "(through arp or DNS spoofing attacks)."
2990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2991 #: apt-secure.8.xml:132
2993 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
2994 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
2995 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
2999 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3000 #: apt-secure.8.xml:139
3002 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
3003 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
3004 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
3005 "package signature."
3008 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3009 #: apt-secure.8.xml:145
3010 msgid "User configuration"
3013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3014 #: apt-secure.8.xml:147
3016 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
3017 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys although an installation of "
3018 "this release will automatically provide the default Debian archive signing "
3019 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
3022 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3023 #: apt-secure.8.xml:154
3025 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
3026 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
3027 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
3028 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
3029 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
3033 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3034 #: apt-secure.8.xml:163
3035 msgid "Archive configuration"
3038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3039 #: apt-secure.8.xml:165
3041 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
3042 "maintenance you have to:"
3045 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3046 #: apt-secure.8.xml:170
3048 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
3049 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
3050 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
3053 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3054 #: apt-secure.8.xml:175
3056 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
3057 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
3058 "gpg Release</command>."
3061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3062 #: apt-secure.8.xml:179
3064 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
3065 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
3069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3070 #: apt-secure.8.xml:186
3072 "Whenever the contents of the archive changes (new packages are added or "
3073 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps previously "
3077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3078 #: apt-secure.8.xml:194
3080 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
3081 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
3084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3085 #: apt-secure.8.xml:198
3087 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
3088 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
3089 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
3090 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
3091 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
3092 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
3095 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3096 #: apt-secure.8.xml:211
3097 msgid "Manpage Authors"
3100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3101 #: apt-secure.8.xml:213
3103 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
3104 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
3107 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3108 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:33
3109 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
3112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3113 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:39
3115 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (Source index or "
3116 "Package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
3117 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
3118 "internal sorting rules."
3121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3122 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:45
3123 msgid "All output is sent to stdout, the input must be a seekable file."
3126 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3127 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:54
3129 "Use Source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
3130 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
3133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3134 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:68
3136 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
3140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
3141 #: apt.conf.5.xml:20
3142 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
3145 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
3146 #: apt.conf.5.xml:21
3147 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
3150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
3151 #: apt.conf.5.xml:31 apt_preferences.5.xml:25 sources.list.5.xml:26
3155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3156 #: apt.conf.5.xml:38
3157 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
3160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3161 #: apt.conf.5.xml:42
3163 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file for the APT "
3164 "suite of tools, but by far not the only place changes to options can be "
3165 "made. All tools therefore share the configuration files and also use a "
3166 "common command line parser to provide a uniform environment."
3169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
3170 #: apt.conf.5.xml:47
3172 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
3176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3177 #: apt.conf.5.xml:49
3179 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
3183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3184 #: apt.conf.5.xml:51
3186 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
3187 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
3188 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
3189 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
3190 "ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
3191 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this case it will be "
3195 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3196 #: apt.conf.5.xml:58
3198 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
3201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3202 #: apt.conf.5.xml:60
3204 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
3205 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
3208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3209 #: apt.conf.5.xml:64
3213 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3214 #: apt.conf.5.xml:65
3216 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
3217 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
3218 "notation, for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
3219 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
3220 "their parent groups."
3223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3224 #: apt.conf.5.xml:71
3226 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
3227 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
3228 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
3229 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
3230 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The trailing "
3231 "semicolon and the quotes are required. The value must be on one line, and "
3232 "there is no kind of string concatenation. It must not include inside "
3233 "quotes. The behavior of the backslash \"\\\" and escaped characters inside "
3234 "a value is undefined and it should not be used. An option name may include "
3235 "alphanumerical characters and the \"/-:._+\" characters. A new scope can be "
3236 "opened with curly braces, like:"
3239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3240 #: apt.conf.5.xml:85
3245 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
3246 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
3251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3252 #: apt.conf.5.xml:93
3254 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
3255 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
3256 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, each separated by a semicolon."
3259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3260 #: apt.conf.5.xml:98
3262 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
3265 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3266 #: apt.conf.5.xml:101
3268 "In general the sample configuration file in <filename>&docdir;examples/apt."
3269 "conf</filename> &configureindex; is a good guide for how it should look."
3272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3273 #: apt.conf.5.xml:105
3275 "The names of the configuration items are not case-sensitive. So in the "
3276 "previous example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
3279 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3280 #: apt.conf.5.xml:108
3282 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as it "
3283 "can be see in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. "
3284 "If you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
3285 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option as every other "
3286 "option by reassigning a new value to the option."
3289 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3290 #: apt.conf.5.xml:113
3292 "Two specials are allowed, <literal>#include</literal> (which is deprecated "
3293 "and not supported by alternative implementations) and <literal>#clear</"
3294 "literal>: <literal>#include</literal> will include the given file, unless "
3295 "the filename ends in a slash, then the whole directory is included. "
3296 "<literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of the configuration tree. "
3297 "The specified element and all its descendants are erased. (Note that these "
3298 "lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
3301 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3302 #: apt.conf.5.xml:121
3304 "The #clear command is the only way to delete a list or a complete scope. "
3305 "Reopening a scope or the ::-style described below will <emphasis>not</"
3306 "emphasis> override previously written entries. Only options can be "
3307 "overridden by addressing a new value to it - lists and scopes can't be "
3308 "overridden, only cleared."
3311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3312 #: apt.conf.5.xml:126
3314 "All of the APT tools take a -o option which allows an arbitrary "
3315 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
3316 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
3317 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
3318 "element to a list, add a trailing :: to the name of the list. (As you might "
3319 "suspect: The scope syntax can't be used on the command line.)"
3322 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3323 #: apt.conf.5.xml:133
3325 "Note that you can use :: only for appending one item per line to a list and "
3326 "that you should not use it in combination with the scope syntax. (The scope "
3327 "syntax implicit insert ::) Using both syntaxes together will trigger a bug "
3328 "which some users unfortunately depend on: An option with the unusual name "
3329 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts like every other option with a name. "
3330 "These introduces many problems including that a user who writes multiple "
3331 "lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> syntax in the hope to append to a "
3332 "list will gain the opposite as only the last assignment for this option "
3333 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. Upcoming APT versions will raise "
3334 "errors and will stop working if they encounter this misuse, so please "
3335 "correct such statements now as long as APT doesn't complain explicit about "
3339 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3340 #: apt.conf.5.xml:145
3341 msgid "The APT Group"
3344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3345 #: apt.conf.5.xml:146
3347 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
3348 "options for all of the tools."
3351 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3352 #: apt.conf.5.xml:151
3354 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
3355 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
3359 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3360 #: apt.conf.5.xml:157
3362 "All Architectures the system supports. Processors implementing the "
3363 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) instruction "
3364 "set are e.g. also able to execute binaries compiled for the <literal>i386</"
3365 "literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set; This list is use when "
3366 "fetching files and parsing package lists. The internal default is always the "
3367 "native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</literal>) and all foreign "
3368 "architectures it can retrieve by calling <command>dpkg --print-foreign-"
3369 "architectures</command>."
3372 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3373 #: apt.conf.5.xml:167
3375 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version available. "
3376 "Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: 'stable', "
3377 "'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', '4.0', "
3378 "'5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
3381 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3382 #: apt.conf.5.xml:173
3384 "Ignore Held packages; This global option causes the problem resolver to "
3385 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
3388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3389 #: apt.conf.5.xml:178
3391 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
3392 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
3393 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
3394 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
3397 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3398 #: apt.conf.5.xml:185
3400 "Defaults to on which will cause APT to install essential and important "
3401 "packages as fast as possible in the install/upgrade operation. This is done "
3402 "to limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call: If this option is disabled APT "
3403 "does treat an important package in the same way as an extra package: Between "
3404 "the unpacking of the important package A and his configuration can then be "
3405 "many other unpack or configuration calls, e.g. for package B which has no "
3406 "relation to A, but causes the dpkg call to fail (e.g. because maintainer "
3407 "script of package B generates an error) which results in a system state in "
3408 "which package A is unpacked but unconfigured - each package depending on A "
3409 "is now no longer guaranteed to work as their dependency on A is not longer "
3410 "satisfied. The immediate configuration marker is also applied to all "
3411 "dependencies which can generate a problem if the dependencies e.g. form a "
3412 "circle as a dependency with the immediate flag is comparable with a Pre-"
3413 "Dependency. So in theory it is possible that APT encounters a situation in "
3414 "which it is unable to perform immediate configuration, errors out and refers "
3415 "to this option so the user can deactivate the immediate configuration "
3416 "temporarily to be able to perform an install/upgrade again. Note the use of "
3417 "the word \"theory\" here as this problem was only encountered by now in real "
3418 "world a few times in non-stable distribution versions and was caused by "
3419 "wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an already "
3420 "broken state, so you should not blindly disable this option as the mentioned "
3421 "scenario above is not the only problem immediate configuration can help to "
3422 "prevent in the first place. Before a big operation like <literal>dist-"
3423 "upgrade</literal> is run with this option disabled it should be tried to "
3424 "explicitly <literal>install</literal> the package APT is unable to configure "
3425 "immediately, but please make sure to report your problem also to your "
3426 "distribution and to the APT team with the buglink below so they can work on "
3427 "improving or correcting the upgrade process."
3430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3431 #: apt.conf.5.xml:208
3433 "Never Enable this option unless you -really- know what you are doing. It "
3434 "permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to break a Conflicts/"
3435 "Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depend loop between two essential packages. SUCH "
3436 "A LOOP SHOULD NEVER EXIST AND IS A GRAVE BUG. This option will work if the "
3437 "essential packages are not tar, gzip, libc, dpkg, bash or anything that "
3438 "those packages depend on."
3441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3442 #: apt.conf.5.xml:217
3444 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
3445 "the 'available' information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint "
3446 "to which size the Cache will grow and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
3447 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
3448 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT otherwise it will "
3449 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
3450 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
3451 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
3452 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the Cache size will be increased in the event "
3453 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. These "
3454 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
3455 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
3456 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
3457 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
3458 "automatic grow of the cache is disabled."
3461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3462 #: apt.conf.5.xml:233
3463 msgid "Defines which package(s) are considered essential build dependencies."
3466 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3467 #: apt.conf.5.xml:237
3469 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool, please see its documentation "
3470 "for more information about the options here."
3473 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3474 #: apt.conf.5.xml:242
3476 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool, please see its "
3477 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3480 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3481 #: apt.conf.5.xml:247
3483 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool, please see its "
3484 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3488 #: apt.conf.5.xml:253
3489 msgid "The Acquire Group"
3492 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3493 #: apt.conf.5.xml:254
3495 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
3496 "packages and the URI handlers."
3499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3500 #: apt.conf.5.xml:259
3502 "Security related option defaulting to true as an expiring validation for a "
3503 "Release file prevents longtime replay attacks and can e.g. also help users "
3504 "to identify no longer updated mirrors - but the feature depends on the "
3505 "correctness of the time on the user system. Archive maintainers are "
3506 "encouraged to create Release files with the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> "
3507 "header, but if they don't or a stricter value is volitional the following "
3508 "<literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option can be used."
3511 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3512 #: apt.conf.5.xml:270
3514 "Seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was created "
3515 "(indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). If the Release file "
3516 "itself includes a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of "
3517 "the two is used as the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</"
3518 "literal> which stands for \"for ever valid\". Archive specific settings can "
3519 "be made by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3522 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3523 #: apt.conf.5.xml:281
3525 "Minimum of seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was "
3526 "created (indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). Use this if you "
3527 "need to use a seldomly updated (local) mirror of a more regular updated "
3528 "archive with a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header instead of completely "
3529 "disabling the expiration date checking. Archive specific settings can and "
3530 "should be used by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3533 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3534 #: apt.conf.5.xml:292
3536 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for Packages or "
3537 "Sources files instead of downloading whole ones. True by default."
3540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3541 #: apt.conf.5.xml:295
3543 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: With "
3544 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be specified how many PDiff files are "
3545 "downloaded at most to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</literal> on the "
3546 "other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all patches compared to "
3547 "the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is exceeded the "
3548 "complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
3551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3552 #: apt.conf.5.xml:305
3554 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
3555 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
3556 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
3557 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
3558 "connection per URI type will be opened."
3561 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3562 #: apt.conf.5.xml:313
3564 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
3565 "files the given number of times."
3568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3569 #: apt.conf.5.xml:318
3571 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
3572 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
3575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3576 #: apt.conf.5.xml:323
3578 "HTTP URIs; http::Proxy is the default http proxy to use. It is in the "
3579 "standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per "
3580 "host proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>http::Proxy::"
3581 "<host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3582 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3583 "<envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used."
3586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3587 #: apt.conf.5.xml:331
3589 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
3590 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy to not use its cached "
3591 "response under any circumstances, <literal>Max-Age</literal> is sent only "
3592 "for index files and tells the cache to refresh its object if it is older "
3593 "than the given number of seconds. Debian updates its index files daily so "
3594 "the default is 1 day. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the cache "
3595 "should never store this request, it is only set for archive files. This may "
3596 "be useful to prevent polluting a proxy cache with very large .deb files. "
3597 "Note: Squid 2.0.2 does not support any of these options."
3600 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3601 #: apt.conf.5.xml:341 apt.conf.5.xml:407
3603 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
3604 "method, this applies to all things including connection timeout and data "
3608 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3609 #: apt.conf.5.xml:344
3611 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
3612 "enabled HTTP pipeling (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
3613 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are send in a "
3614 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
3615 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
3616 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
3617 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
3620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3621 #: apt.conf.5.xml:351
3623 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls if APT will follow "
3624 "redirects, which is enabled by default."
3627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3628 #: apt.conf.5.xml:354
3630 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
3631 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobyte. The default value is 0 "
3632 "which deactivates the limit and tries uses as much as possible of the "
3633 "bandwidth (Note that this option implicit deactivates the download from "
3634 "multiple servers at the same time.)"
3637 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3638 #: apt.conf.5.xml:359
3640 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
3641 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
3642 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
3645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3646 #: apt.conf.5.xml:366
3648 "HTTPS URIs. Cache-control, Timeout, AllowRedirect, Dl-Limit and proxy "
3649 "options are the same as for <literal>http</literal> method and will also "
3650 "default to the options from the <literal>http</literal> method if they are "
3651 "not explicitly set for https. <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is "
3652 "not supported yet."
3655 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3656 #: apt.conf.5.xml:372
3658 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3659 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is "
3660 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3661 "suboption determines whether verify server's host certificate against "
3662 "trusted certificates or not. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</literal> "
3663 "is corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</literal> boolean "
3664 "suboption determines whether verify server's hostname or not. <literal><"
3665 "host>::Verify-Host</literal> is corresponding per-host option. "
3666 "<literal>SslCert</literal> determines what certificate to use for client "
3667 "authentication. <literal><host>::SslCert</literal> is corresponding "
3668 "per-host option. <literal>SslKey</literal> determines what private key to "
3669 "use for client authentication. <literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is "
3670 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides "
3671 "default SSL version to use. Can contain 'TLSv1' or 'SSLv3' string. "
3672 "<literal><host>::SslForceVersion</literal> is corresponding per-host "
3676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3677 #: apt.conf.5.xml:391
3679 "FTP URIs; ftp::Proxy is the default ftp proxy to use. It is in the standard "
3680 "form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per host "
3681 "proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>ftp::Proxy::<"
3682 "host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3683 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3684 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used. To use a ftp "
3685 "proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</literal> script in "
3686 "the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands to send to tell "
3687 "the proxy server what to connect to. Please see &configureindex; for an "
3688 "example of how to do this. The substitution variables available are <literal>"
3689 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal> <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal> <literal>"
3690 "$(SITE_USER)</literal> <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal> <literal>$(SITE)</"
3691 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal> Each is taken from it's "
3692 "respective URI component."
3695 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3696 #: apt.conf.5.xml:410
3698 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3699 "to leave passive mode on, it works in nearly every environment. However "
3700 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode ftp used "
3701 "instead. This can be done globally, for connections that go through a proxy "
3702 "or for a specific host (See the sample config file for examples)."
3705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3706 #: apt.conf.5.xml:417
3708 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3709 "envar> environment variable to a http url - see the discussion of the http "
3710 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3711 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3714 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3715 #: apt.conf.5.xml:422
3717 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3718 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3719 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3720 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3721 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3725 #: apt.conf.5.xml:435
3727 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3730 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3731 #: apt.conf.5.xml:430
3733 "CD-ROM URIs; the only setting for CD-ROM URIs is the mount point, "
3734 "<literal>cdrom::Mount</literal> which must be the mount point for the CD-ROM "
3735 "drive as specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to "
3736 "provide alternate mount and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be "
3737 "listed in the fstab (such as an SMB mount and old mount packages). The "
3738 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3739 "cdrom block. It is important to have the trailing slash. Unmount commands "
3740 "can be specified using UMount."
3743 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3744 #: apt.conf.5.xml:441
3746 "GPGV URIs; the only option for GPGV URIs is the option to pass additional "
3747 "parameters to gpgv. <literal>gpgv::Options</literal> Additional options "
3751 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3752 #: apt.conf.5.xml:452
3754 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3758 #: apt.conf.5.xml:447
3760 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3761 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3762 "compression formats. Per default the acquire methods can decompress "
3763 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3764 "command> compressed files, with this setting more formats can be added on "
3765 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3766 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3770 #: apt.conf.5.xml:457
3772 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3775 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3776 #: apt.conf.5.xml:460
3778 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3782 #: apt.conf.5.xml:453
3784 "Also the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3785 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3786 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3787 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simple add the "
3788 "preferred type at first - not already added default types will be added at "
3789 "run time to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3790 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3791 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3792 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3793 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this "
3794 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3795 "<literal>bz2</literal> explicit to the list as it will be added automatic."
3798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3799 #: apt.conf.5.xml:464
3801 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3804 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3805 #: apt.conf.5.xml:462
3807 "Note that at run time the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</"
3808 "replaceable></literal> will be checked: If this setting exists the method "
3809 "will only be used if this file exists, e.g. for the bzip2 method (the "
3810 "inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> Note "
3811 "also that list entries specified on the command line will be added at the "
3812 "end of the list specified in the configuration files, but before the default "
3813 "entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones specified in the "
3814 "configuration files you can set the option direct - not in list style. This "
3815 "will not override the defined list, it will only prefix the list with this "
3819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3820 #: apt.conf.5.xml:469
3822 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3823 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3824 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3828 #: apt.conf.5.xml:476
3830 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3831 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3832 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3833 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3837 #: apt.conf.5.xml:484
3839 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3840 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the Description-"
3841 "Translations. APT will try to display the first available Description in the "
3842 "Language which is listed at first. Languages can be defined with their short "
3843 "or long Languagecodes. Note that not all archives provide "
3844 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every Language - especially the "
3845 "long Languagecodes are rare, so please inform you which ones are available "
3846 "before you set here impossible values."
3849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3850 #: apt.conf.5.xml:500
3852 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3855 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3856 #: apt.conf.5.xml:490
3858 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3859 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: It will be "
3860 "replaced at runtime with the languagecodes extracted from the "
3861 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3862 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3863 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3864 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3865 "force apt to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3866 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3867 "meaning code which will stop the search for a fitting <filename>Translation</"
3868 "filename> file. This can be used by the system administrator to let APT "
3869 "know that it should download also this files without actually use them if "
3870 "the environment doesn't specify this languages. So the following example "
3871 "configuration will result in the order \"en, de\" in an english and in \"de, "
3872 "en\" in a german localization. Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used "
3873 "if APT is not used in a french localization, in such an environment the "
3874 "order would be \"fr, de, en\". <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id="
3878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3879 #: apt.conf.5.xml:501
3881 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3882 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3883 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3884 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3887 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3888 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
3892 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3893 #: apt.conf.5.xml:514
3895 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3896 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3897 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3898 "dpkg status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3899 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3900 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub items if they do not "
3901 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3904 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3905 #: apt.conf.5.xml:521
3907 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3908 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3909 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3910 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3911 "be turned off by setting their names to be blank. This will slow down "
3912 "startup but save disk space. It is probably preferred to turn off the "
3913 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
3914 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3918 #: apt.conf.5.xml:530
3920 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3921 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3922 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3923 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3924 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3928 #: apt.conf.5.xml:536
3930 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3931 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3932 "main config file is loaded."
3935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3936 #: apt.conf.5.xml:540
3938 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3939 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3940 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3941 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3942 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3943 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3946 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3947 #: apt.conf.5.xml:548
3949 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3950 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
3951 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
3952 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
3953 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
3954 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
3955 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
3959 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3960 #: apt.conf.5.xml:561
3962 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3963 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3964 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3965 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3966 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3967 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3971 #: apt.conf.5.xml:570
3972 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3975 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3976 #: apt.conf.5.xml:572
3978 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3979 "control the default behaviour. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3983 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3984 #: apt.conf.5.xml:577
3986 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of always, prompt, auto, pre-auto "
3987 "and never. always and prompt will remove all packages from the cache after "
3988 "upgrading, prompt (the default) does so conditionally. auto removes only "
3989 "those packages which are no longer downloadable (replaced with a new version "
3990 "for instance). pre-auto performs this action before downloading new "
3994 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3995 #: apt.conf.5.xml:586
3997 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
3998 "when it is run for the install phase."
4001 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4002 #: apt.conf.5.xml:591
4004 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4005 "when it is run for the update phase."
4008 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4009 #: apt.conf.5.xml:596
4011 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
4012 "The default is to prompt only on error."
4015 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4016 #: apt.conf.5.xml:602
4017 msgid "How APT calls dpkg"
4020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4021 #: apt.conf.5.xml:603
4023 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
4024 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
4027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4028 #: apt.conf.5.xml:608
4030 "This is a list of options to pass to dpkg. The options must be specified "
4031 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
4035 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4036 #: apt.conf.5.xml:614
4038 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
4039 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4040 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4041 "fail APT will abort."
4044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4045 #: apt.conf.5.xml:621
4047 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking dpkg. Like "
4048 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4049 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4050 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass to the commands on standard input the "
4051 "filenames of all .deb files it is going to install, one per line."
4054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4055 #: apt.conf.5.xml:627
4057 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
4058 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
4059 "being changed. Version 2 is enabled by setting <literal>DPkg::Tools::"
4060 "options::cmd::Version</literal> to 2. <literal>cmd</literal> is a command "
4061 "given to <literal>Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal>."
4064 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4065 #: apt.conf.5.xml:635
4067 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking dpkg, the default is <filename>/"
4071 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4072 #: apt.conf.5.xml:640
4074 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages, the "
4075 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
4078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4079 #: apt.conf.5.xml:645
4080 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
4083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4084 #: apt.conf.5.xml:646
4086 "APT can call dpkg in a way so it can make aggressive use of triggers over "
4087 "multiple calls of dpkg. Without further options dpkg will use triggers only "
4088 "in between his own run. Activating these options can therefore decrease the "
4089 "time needed to perform the install / upgrade. Note that it is intended to "
4090 "activate these options per default in the future, but as it changes the way "
4091 "APT calling dpkg drastically it needs a lot more testing. <emphasis>These "
4092 "options are therefore currently experimental and should not be used in "
4093 "productive environments.</emphasis> Also it breaks the progress reporting so "
4094 "all frontends will currently stay around half (or more) of the time in the "
4095 "100% state while it actually configures all packages."
4098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
4099 #: apt.conf.5.xml:661
4102 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
4103 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
4104 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
4105 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
4108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4109 #: apt.conf.5.xml:655
4111 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
4112 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
4113 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
4114 "enough to help testing them create a new configuration file and test a "
4115 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
4116 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
4117 "reports. Asking dpkg for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
4118 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
4119 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4123 #: apt.conf.5.xml:668
4125 "Add the no triggers flag to all dpkg calls (except the ConfigurePending "
4126 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
4127 "short: dpkg will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it is "
4128 "explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option exists "
4129 "(undocumented) also in older apt versions with a slightly different meaning: "
4130 "Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure calls to "
4131 "dpkg - now apt will add these flag also to the unpack and remove calls."
4134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4135 #: apt.conf.5.xml:676
4137 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
4138 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". \"<literal>all</literal>\" is the default "
4139 "value and causes APT to configure all packages explicit. The "
4140 "\"<literal>smart</literal>\" way is it to configure only packages which need "
4141 "to be configured before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends) and "
4142 "let the rest configure by dpkg with a call generated by the next option. "
4143 "\"<literal>no</literal>\" on the other hand will not configure anything and "
4144 "totally rely on dpkg for configuration (which will at the moment fail if a "
4145 "Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to another than the all "
4146 "value will implicitly activate also the next option per default as otherwise "
4147 "the system could end in an unconfigured status which could be unbootable!"
4150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4151 #: apt.conf.5.xml:687
4153 "If this option is set apt will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
4154 "command> to let dpkg handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
4155 "option is activated automatic per default if the previous option is not set "
4156 "to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating could be useful if you want to "
4157 "run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these sceneries "
4158 "you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
4161 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4162 #: apt.conf.5.xml:694
4164 "Useful for <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
4165 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal> and dpkg "
4166 "treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a dealbreaker "
4167 "for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will process all "
4168 "triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
4171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4172 #: apt.conf.5.xml:700
4174 "As the configuration can be deferred to be done at the end by dpkg it can be "
4175 "tried to order the unpack series only by critical needs, e.g. by Pre-"
4176 "Depends. Default is true and therefore the \"old\" method of ordering in "
4177 "various steps by everything. While both method were present in earlier APT "
4178 "versions the <literal>OrderCritical</literal> method was unused, so this "
4179 "method is very experimental and needs further improvements before becoming "
4183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
4184 #: apt.conf.5.xml:715
4187 "OrderList::Score {\n"
4189 "\tEssential 200;\n"
4191 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
4195 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4196 #: apt.conf.5.xml:708
4198 "Essential packages (and there dependencies) should be configured immediately "
4199 "after unpacking. It will be a good idea to do this quite early in the "
4200 "upgrade process as these these configure calls require currently also "
4201 "<literal>DPkg::TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers "
4202 "(which maybe not needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the "
4203 "immediate flag is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is "
4204 "higher rated). These option and the others in the same group can be used to "
4205 "change the scoring. The following example shows the settings with there "
4206 "default values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4210 #: apt.conf.5.xml:728
4211 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
4214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4215 #: apt.conf.5.xml:729
4217 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
4218 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by "
4219 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See header of this script for "
4220 "the brief documentation of these options."
4223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4224 #: apt.conf.5.xml:737
4225 msgid "Debug options"
4228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4229 #: apt.conf.5.xml:739
4231 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
4232 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
4233 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
4234 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
4235 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
4239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4240 #: apt.conf.5.xml:750
4242 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
4243 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
4247 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4248 #: apt.conf.5.xml:758
4250 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
4251 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
4252 "literal>) as a non-root user."
4255 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4256 #: apt.conf.5.xml:767
4258 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
4259 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
4263 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
4265 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4266 #: apt.conf.5.xml:775
4268 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
4272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4273 #: apt.conf.5.xml:785
4274 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
4277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4278 #: apt.conf.5.xml:794
4280 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
4283 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4284 #: apt.conf.5.xml:805
4285 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
4288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4289 #: apt.conf.5.xml:816
4290 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
4293 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4294 #: apt.conf.5.xml:827
4295 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
4298 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4299 #: apt.conf.5.xml:838
4301 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
4302 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
4305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4306 #: apt.conf.5.xml:849
4308 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
4309 "stored on CD-ROMs."
4312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4313 #: apt.conf.5.xml:859
4314 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
4317 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4318 #: apt.conf.5.xml:869
4320 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
4321 "literal> libraries."
4324 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4325 #: apt.conf.5.xml:879
4327 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
4328 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
4332 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4333 #: apt.conf.5.xml:890
4335 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
4336 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
4339 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4340 #: apt.conf.5.xml:902
4341 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
4344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4345 #: apt.conf.5.xml:912
4347 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
4348 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
4351 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4352 #: apt.conf.5.xml:922
4354 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
4355 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
4358 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4359 #: apt.conf.5.xml:934
4361 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
4362 "index diffs instead of full indices."
4365 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4366 #: apt.conf.5.xml:945
4368 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
4371 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4372 #: apt.conf.5.xml:956
4374 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
4375 "the removal of unused packages."
4378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4379 #: apt.conf.5.xml:966
4381 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
4382 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
4383 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
4384 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
4385 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
4388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4389 #: apt.conf.5.xml:980
4391 "Generate debug messages describing which package is marked as keep/install/"
4392 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
4393 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional space "
4394 "under the original entry. The format for each line is <literal>MarkKeep</"
4395 "literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or <literal>MarkInstall</literal> "
4396 "followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)"
4397 "</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is the current version of the "
4398 "package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version considered for installation "
4399 "and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, but not considered for "
4400 "installation (because of a low pin score). The later two can be omitted if "
4401 "there is none or if it is the same version as the installed. "
4402 "<literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package appears in."
4405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4406 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1002
4407 msgid "Dump the default configuration to standard error on startup."
4410 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4411 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1012
4413 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
4414 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
4417 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4418 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1023
4420 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
4421 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
4424 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4425 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1034
4427 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
4428 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
4431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4432 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1046
4434 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
4437 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4438 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1057
4439 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
4442 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4443 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1067
4445 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
4446 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
4449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4450 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1078
4452 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
4453 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
4454 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
4457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4458 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1090
4460 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
4464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4465 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1113
4467 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
4471 #. ? reading apt.conf
4472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4473 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1125
4475 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
4476 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4479 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:32
4481 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
4482 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
4484 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4485 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:37
4488 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
4489 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
4490 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
4493 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
4494 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
4497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4498 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:42
4501 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4502 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4503 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4504 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4505 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4506 "priority for installation. The APT preferences file overrides the "
4507 "priorities that APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the "
4508 "user control over which one is selected for installation."
4510 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
4511 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
4512 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
4513 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
4514 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
4515 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
4516 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
4517 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
4518 "selecionada para instalação."
4520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4521 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:52
4524 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4525 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4526 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4527 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences file does not affect the "
4528 "choice of instance, only the choice of version."
4530 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
4531 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
4532 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
4533 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
4534 "a escolha da instância."
4536 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4537 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:59
4539 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4540 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4541 "not questioning the preferences so wrong settings will therefore lead to "
4542 "uninstallable packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even "
4543 "more problems will arise if multiply distribution releases are mixed without "
4544 "a good understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a "
4545 "specific release aren't tested in and therefore doesn't always work as "
4546 "expected in older or newer releases or together with other packages from "
4547 "different releases. You have been warned."
4550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4551 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:70
4553 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4554 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4555 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4556 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4557 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4558 "that it has ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the "
4559 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this "
4560 "case it will be silently ignored."
4563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4564 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:79
4566 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4567 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
4569 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4570 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:94
4572 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4574 "<programlisting>\n"
4575 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
4577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4578 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
4580 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4582 "<programlisting>\n"
4583 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4585 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4586 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
4589 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4590 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4591 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4592 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4593 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4594 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4595 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4596 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4597 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4598 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4599 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4601 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
4602 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
4603 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
4604 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
4605 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
4606 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
4607 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
4608 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
4610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4611 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:101
4614 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4615 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
4617 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
4618 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
4621 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4622 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:106
4625 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4628 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:107
4630 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4631 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4632 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4633 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4637 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:113
4639 msgid "priority 100"
4640 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4642 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4643 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:114
4645 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4646 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4647 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4648 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4651 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4652 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:121
4654 msgid "priority 500"
4655 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4658 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
4661 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
4664 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
4666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4667 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:126
4669 msgid "priority 990"
4670 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4673 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
4676 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
4678 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4681 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:132
4684 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4685 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4686 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4687 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4688 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4689 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4691 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4692 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4693 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4695 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4696 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:139
4699 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4700 "determine which version of a package to install."
4702 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4703 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4706 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:142
4709 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4710 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4711 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4712 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4713 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4715 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4716 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4717 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4718 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4719 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4720 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4722 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4723 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
4725 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4726 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4729 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:149
4732 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4733 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4735 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4736 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4738 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4739 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:152
4742 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4743 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4744 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4746 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4747 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4748 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4751 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:158
4754 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4755 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4756 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4757 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4758 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4760 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4761 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4762 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4763 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4764 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4768 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:165
4771 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4772 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4773 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4774 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4776 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4777 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4778 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4779 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4780 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4782 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4783 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:170
4786 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4787 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4788 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4789 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4790 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4791 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4792 "than the installed version."
4794 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4795 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4796 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4797 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4798 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4799 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4800 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4803 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:179
4805 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4806 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4808 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4809 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
4812 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4813 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4814 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4815 "specific form and a general form."
4817 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4818 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4819 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4820 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4822 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4823 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:187
4826 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4827 "specified packages and specified version or version range. For example, the "
4828 "following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4829 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4830 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by spaces."
4832 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4833 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4834 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4835 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4836 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4838 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4839 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:194
4843 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4844 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4846 "<programlisting>\n"
4848 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4849 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4852 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:200
4855 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4856 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4857 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4858 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4859 "fully qualified domain name."
4861 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4862 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4863 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4864 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4865 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4868 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:206
4871 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4872 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4873 "all package versions available from the local site."
4875 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4876 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4877 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4881 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:211
4885 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4886 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4888 "<programlisting>\n"
4890 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4891 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4893 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4894 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
4896 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4897 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4898 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4899 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4902 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4903 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
4907 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4908 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4910 "<programlisting>\n"
4912 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4913 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4916 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:224
4919 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4920 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4921 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4922 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4925 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4926 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4927 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4928 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4929 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4930 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4933 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4936 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4937 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4940 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4941 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4942 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4945 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:233
4949 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4950 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4952 "<programlisting>\n"
4954 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4955 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4957 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4958 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
4961 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4962 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4965 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4966 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4967 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4970 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:242
4974 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4975 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4977 "<programlisting>\n"
4979 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4980 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4982 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4983 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:247
4986 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4987 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4988 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>3.0</literal>\"."
4990 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4991 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4992 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4996 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:252
5000 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5001 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5003 "<programlisting>\n"
5005 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
5006 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5008 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5009 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:262
5010 msgid "Regular expressions and glob() syntax"
5013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5014 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
5016 "APT also supports pinning by glob() expressions and regular expressions "
5017 "surrounded by /. For example, the following example assigns the priority 500 "
5018 "to all packages from experimental where the name starts with gnome (as a glob"
5019 "()-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX extended regular "
5020 "expression surrounded by slashes)."
5023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5024 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:273
5027 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
5028 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
5029 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5031 "<programlisting>\n"
5033 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5034 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5037 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:279
5039 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
5040 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
5041 "packages from a release starting with karmic."
5044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5045 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:285
5049 "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
5050 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
5052 "<programlisting>\n"
5054 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5055 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5058 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:291
5060 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
5061 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
5062 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
5063 "the future, thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
5064 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
5065 "Package field is not considered a glob() expression in itself."
5068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5069 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:307
5071 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
5072 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
5074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5075 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:310
5078 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
5079 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
5081 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
5082 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
5083 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
5085 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5086 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:315
5089 msgstr "P > 1000"
5091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5092 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
5095 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
5098 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
5099 "dowgrade do pacote"
5101 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5102 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
5104 msgid "990 < P <=1000"
5105 msgstr "990 < P <=1000"
5107 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5108 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:321
5111 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
5112 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
5114 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
5115 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5117 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5118 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:326
5120 msgid "500 < P <=990"
5121 msgstr "500 < P <=990"
5123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5124 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:327
5127 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5128 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
5130 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5131 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5134 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:332
5136 msgid "100 < P <=500"
5137 msgstr "100 < P <=500"
5139 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5140 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:333
5143 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5144 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
5146 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5147 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
5150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5151 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:338
5153 msgid "0 < P <=100"
5154 msgstr "0 <= P <=100"
5156 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5157 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
5160 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
5163 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
5164 "instalada do pacote"
5166 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5167 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
5172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5173 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:344
5175 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
5176 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
5178 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5179 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:349
5182 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
5183 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
5184 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
5185 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
5187 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
5188 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
5189 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
5190 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
5191 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
5192 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
5194 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5195 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
5198 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
5199 "presented earlier:"
5201 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
5202 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
5204 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5205 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:359
5209 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5210 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5213 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5214 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5217 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5218 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5220 "<programlisting>\n"
5222 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5223 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5226 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5227 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5230 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5231 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5233 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5234 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:372
5238 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5239 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
5242 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
5243 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
5244 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> 5.8* version of "
5245 "<literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version is 5.9*, then "
5246 "<literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
5248 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
5249 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
5250 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
5251 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
5252 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
5254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5255 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
5258 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
5259 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
5260 "versions belonging to the target release."
5262 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
5263 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
5264 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
5266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5267 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
5270 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
5271 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
5272 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
5273 "and no version of the package is already installed."
5275 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
5276 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
5277 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
5278 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
5281 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5282 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:393
5284 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
5285 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
5287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5288 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
5291 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
5292 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
5293 "describe the packages available at that location."
5295 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
5296 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
5297 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
5299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5300 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:399
5303 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5304 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
5305 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
5306 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
5307 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
5308 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
5309 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5311 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
5312 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
5313 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
5314 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
5315 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
5316 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
5317 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
5320 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5321 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407
5323 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
5324 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
5326 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5327 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
5329 msgid "gives the package name"
5330 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
5332 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5333 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:411 apt_preferences.5.xml:461
5335 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
5336 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
5338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5339 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:412
5341 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
5342 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
5344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5345 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:417
5348 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5349 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
5350 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
5351 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
5352 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
5353 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
5354 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
5355 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5357 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
5358 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
5359 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
5360 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
5361 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
5362 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
5363 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
5364 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
5367 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5368 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
5370 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
5371 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
5373 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5374 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:429
5377 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5378 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
5379 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5380 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
5381 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
5384 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5385 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5386 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5387 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5388 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5389 "requerer a linha :"
5391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5392 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
5394 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5396 "<programlisting>\n"
5397 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5400 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:445
5402 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
5403 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5406 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:446
5409 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5410 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
5411 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5412 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
5413 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
5414 "preferences file would require the line:"
5416 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5417 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5418 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5419 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5420 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5421 "requerer a linha :"
5423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5424 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:455
5426 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5428 "<programlisting>\n"
5429 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5432 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:462
5435 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
5436 "belong to Debian release version 3.0. Note that there is normally no "
5437 "version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</"
5438 "literal> distributions because they have not been released yet. Specifying "
5439 "this in the APT preferences file would require one of the following lines."
5441 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
5442 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
5443 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
5444 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
5445 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
5448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5449 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:471
5452 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5453 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5454 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5456 "<programlisting>\n"
5457 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5458 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
5459 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5462 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:480
5464 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
5465 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5467 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5468 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:481
5471 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
5472 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
5473 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5474 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5475 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5476 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5478 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
5479 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
5480 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5481 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
5482 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
5483 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5484 "requerer a linha :"
5486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5487 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:490
5489 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5491 "<programlisting>\n"
5492 "Pin: release c=main\n"
5494 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5495 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:496
5497 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5498 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5501 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:497
5504 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5505 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5506 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5509 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
5510 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
5511 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5512 "requerer a linha :"
5514 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5515 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:503
5517 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5519 "<programlisting>\n"
5520 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5522 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5523 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:509
5525 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5526 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5528 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5529 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:510
5532 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5533 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5534 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5537 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
5538 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
5539 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
5541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5542 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:516
5544 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5546 "<programlisting>\n"
5547 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5550 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:523
5553 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5554 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5555 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5556 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5557 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5558 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5559 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5560 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5561 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5562 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5564 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
5565 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
5566 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
5567 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
5568 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
5569 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
5570 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
5571 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
5572 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
5573 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
5575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5576 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:536
5578 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5579 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
5581 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5582 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
5585 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5586 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5587 "provides a place for comments."
5589 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
5590 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
5591 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
5593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5594 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
5596 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5597 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
5599 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5600 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:555
5603 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5604 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5606 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5607 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5610 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5611 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5613 "<programlisting>\n"
5614 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5615 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5617 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5618 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5621 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5622 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5625 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
5628 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5629 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5630 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5631 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5632 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5634 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5635 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
5636 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5637 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5638 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5641 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:572 apt_preferences.5.xml:618
5642 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:676
5645 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5647 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5649 "<programlisting>\n"
5650 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5652 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5655 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:567
5658 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5659 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5660 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5663 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5664 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5665 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5667 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5668 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:584
5670 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5672 "<programlisting>\n"
5673 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5676 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
5679 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5680 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5681 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5682 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5684 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5685 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5686 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5689 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:590
5691 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5692 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5695 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:599
5699 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5700 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5703 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5704 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5707 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5708 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5710 "<programlisting>\n"
5712 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5713 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5716 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5717 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5720 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5721 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5724 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
5727 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5728 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5729 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5730 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5731 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5732 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5734 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5735 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5736 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5737 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5738 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5741 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:613
5744 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5745 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5746 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5749 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5750 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a"
5751 "(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5754 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:633
5756 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5758 "<programlisting>\n"
5759 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5762 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
5765 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5766 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5767 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5768 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5769 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5770 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5771 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5773 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5774 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5775 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5776 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5777 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5778 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5779 "recente que a versão instalada."
5781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5782 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:640
5783 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5787 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:654
5790 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5791 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5793 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5794 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5796 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5798 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5799 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5802 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5803 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5805 "<programlisting>\n"
5806 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5807 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5809 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5810 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5813 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5814 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5817 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
5819 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5820 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5821 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5822 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5823 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5824 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5825 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5826 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5827 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5828 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5832 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:671
5835 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5836 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5837 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5838 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5840 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5841 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5842 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5844 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5845 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:691
5847 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5849 "<programlisting>\n"
5850 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5852 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5853 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
5856 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5857 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5858 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5859 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5860 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5861 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5862 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5864 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5865 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5866 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5867 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5868 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5869 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5870 "recente que a versão instalada."
5872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5873 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:706
5875 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5876 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5879 #: sources.list.5.xml:33
5880 msgid "Package resource list for APT"
5883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5884 #: sources.list.5.xml:37
5886 "The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package "
5887 "distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page "
5888 "documents only the packaging system used by the Debian system. This control "
5889 "file is <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>."
5892 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5893 #: sources.list.5.xml:42
5895 "The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a "
5896 "variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most "
5897 "preferred source listed first. The format of each line is: <literal>type uri "
5898 "args</literal> The first item, <literal>type</literal> determines the format "
5899 "for <literal>args</literal>. <literal>uri</literal> is a Universal Resource "
5900 "Identifier (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known "
5901 "Universal Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a "
5902 "comment by using a #."
5905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5906 #: sources.list.5.xml:53
5907 msgid "sources.list.d"
5910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5911 #: sources.list.5.xml:54
5913 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5914 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
5915 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
5916 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5917 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5918 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file if the file "
5919 "doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5920 "configuration list - in this case it will be silently ignored."
5923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5924 #: sources.list.5.xml:65
5925 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5928 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5929 #: sources.list.5.xml:66
5931 "The <literal>deb</literal> type describes a typical two-level Debian "
5932 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. Typically, "
5933 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archivename like "
5934 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5935 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5936 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal> <literal>contrib</"
5937 "literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-src</literal> type "
5938 "describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the "
5939 "<literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required "
5940 "to fetch source indexes."
5943 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5944 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
5946 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5947 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5950 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5951 #: sources.list.5.xml:81
5953 msgid "deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]"
5956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5957 #: sources.list.5.xml:83
5959 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5960 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5961 "<literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5962 "components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with "
5963 "a slash (/). This is useful for when the case only a particular sub-section "
5964 "of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If <literal>distribution</"
5965 "literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one <literal>component</"
5966 "literal> must be present."
5969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5970 #: sources.list.5.xml:92
5972 "<literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)"
5973 "</literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, "
5974 "powerpc, ...) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent "
5975 "<filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only "
5976 "of interest when specifying an exact path, <literal>APT</literal> will "
5977 "automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise."
5980 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5981 #: sources.list.5.xml:100
5983 "Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to "
5984 "have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available "
5985 "distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the "
5986 "URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse "
5987 "multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single "
5988 "connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, "
5989 "close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same "
5990 "host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the "
5991 "number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to "
5992 "different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
5995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5996 #: sources.list.5.xml:112
5998 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surounded by "
5999 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
6000 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
6001 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
6002 "following settings are supported by APT, note though that unsupported "
6003 "settings will be ignored silently:"
6006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6007 #: sources.list.5.xml:117
6009 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
6010 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
6011 "packages information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
6012 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
6013 "will be downloaded."
6016 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6017 #: sources.list.5.xml:121
6019 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
6020 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
6021 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
6022 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
6023 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
6024 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
6027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6028 #: sources.list.5.xml:128
6030 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
6031 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
6032 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
6033 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
6036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6037 #: sources.list.5.xml:133
6039 msgid "Some examples:"
6042 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6043 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
6046 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
6047 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
6051 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6052 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
6053 msgid "URI specification"
6056 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6057 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
6058 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
6061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6062 #: sources.list.5.xml:147
6064 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
6065 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
6069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6070 #: sources.list.5.xml:154
6072 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
6073 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
6076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6077 #: sources.list.5.xml:161
6079 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
6080 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
6081 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
6082 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
6083 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
6087 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6088 #: sources.list.5.xml:172
6090 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
6091 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
6092 "Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
6093 "envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify a http proxy (http "
6094 "proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and ONLY this "
6095 "method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration file will be "
6099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6100 #: sources.list.5.xml:183
6102 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
6103 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
6104 "This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT."
6107 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6108 #: sources.list.5.xml:190
6110 "The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host as a given "
6111 "user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior arrangements with "
6112 "RSA keys or rhosts. Access to files on the remote uses standard "
6113 "<command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> commands to perform the "
6114 "file transfers from the remote."
6117 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6118 #: sources.list.5.xml:198
6119 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
6122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6123 #: sources.list.5.xml:200
6125 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages "
6126 "which should follow the nameing scheme <package>apt-transport-"
6127 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. The APT team e.g. maintains "
6128 "also the <package>apt-transport-https</package> package which provides "
6129 "access methods for https-URIs with features similar to the http method, but "
6130 "other methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available, see &apt-"
6131 "transport-debtorrent;."
6134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6135 #: sources.list.5.xml:212
6137 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
6138 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
6141 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6142 #: sources.list.5.xml:214
6144 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
6147 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6148 #: sources.list.5.xml:216
6149 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
6152 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6153 #: sources.list.5.xml:217
6155 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6159 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
6160 msgid "Source line for the above"
6163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6164 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
6166 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6170 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
6172 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
6173 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
6174 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
6177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6178 #: sources.list.5.xml:224
6181 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
6182 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
6185 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6186 #: sources.list.5.xml:227
6188 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
6192 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6193 #: sources.list.5.xml:229
6195 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
6198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6199 #: sources.list.5.xml:231
6201 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6202 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
6205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6206 #: sources.list.5.xml:233
6208 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
6211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6212 #: sources.list.5.xml:235
6214 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6215 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
6216 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
6217 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
6220 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6221 #: sources.list.5.xml:239
6223 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
6226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6227 #: sources.list.5.xml:248
6229 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6232 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6233 #: sources.list.5.xml:241
6235 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
6236 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
6237 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
6238 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
6239 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
6240 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6245 #: sources.list.5.xml:253
6247 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
6248 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
6250 #. type: <title></title>
6252 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6255 #. type: <author></author>
6256 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
6257 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
6260 #. type: <version></version>
6262 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
6265 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
6268 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6271 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
6273 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6277 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6279 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6280 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6281 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6282 "or (at your option) any later version."
6286 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6288 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6289 "GPL for the full license."
6292 #. type: <heading></heading>
6300 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6301 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6302 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6303 "packages from the Internet."
6306 #. type: <heading></heading>
6308 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6314 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6315 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6316 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6322 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6323 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6324 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6325 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6326 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6332 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6333 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6334 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6341 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6342 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6343 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6344 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6350 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6351 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6352 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6353 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6354 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6355 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6356 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6357 "other mail transport agents."
6363 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6364 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6365 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6366 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6367 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6368 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6369 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6370 "trying to manually fix packages."
6376 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6377 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6378 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6379 "packages for installation."
6382 #. type: <heading></heading>
6390 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6391 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6392 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6393 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6399 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6400 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6401 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6402 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6403 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6407 #. type: <example></example>
6411 "# apt-get update\n"
6412 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6413 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6414 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6415 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6418 #. type: <p><taglist>
6420 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6423 #. type: <tag></tag>
6431 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6432 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6433 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6434 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6435 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6436 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6437 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6440 #. type: <tag></tag>
6448 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6449 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6450 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6451 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6452 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6453 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6454 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6457 #. type: <tag></tag>
6459 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6465 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6466 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6467 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6468 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6469 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6470 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6471 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6477 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6478 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6484 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6485 "its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
6486 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6487 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6488 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6489 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6490 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6493 #. type: <heading></heading>
6501 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6502 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6503 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6510 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6511 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6512 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6513 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source can "
6514 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6515 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
6516 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6517 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6518 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
6521 #. type: <example></example>
6525 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6527 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6528 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6531 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6532 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6533 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6536 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6542 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6543 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6547 #. type: <example></example>
6551 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6552 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6553 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6555 " Distribution [stable]:"
6561 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6562 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6563 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6564 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6565 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6566 "into the US is legal however."
6569 #. type: <example></example>
6573 " Please give the components to get\n"
6574 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6576 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6582 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6583 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6584 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6585 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6591 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6592 "until you have specified all that you want."
6598 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6599 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6600 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6601 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6602 "tt> has been run before."
6608 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6609 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6610 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6617 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6618 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6619 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6622 #. type: <heading></heading>
6624 msgid "The Interface"
6630 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6631 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6632 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6633 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6634 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6635 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6636 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6637 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6640 #. type: <heading></heading>
6648 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6649 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6650 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6654 #. type: <example></example>
6659 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6660 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6666 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6667 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6668 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6669 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6675 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6676 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6677 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6678 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6681 #. type: <example></example>
6686 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6687 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6688 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6689 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6690 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6691 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6692 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6693 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6694 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6695 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6696 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6697 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6698 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6699 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6705 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6706 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6707 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6708 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6709 "problem is also included."
6715 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6716 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6717 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6718 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6719 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6720 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6727 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6728 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6729 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6730 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6731 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6732 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6738 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6739 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6740 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6741 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6742 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6745 #. type: <heading></heading>
6747 msgid "The Status Report"
6753 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6754 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6755 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6756 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6757 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6760 #. type: <heading></heading>
6762 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6765 #. type: <example></example>
6769 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6770 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6771 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6772 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6773 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6780 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6781 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6782 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6783 "result of an Auto Install."
6786 #. type: <heading></heading>
6788 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6791 #. type: <example></example>
6795 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6796 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6797 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6798 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6805 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6806 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6807 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6808 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6809 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6810 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6811 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6814 #. type: <heading></heading>
6816 msgid "The New Packages list"
6819 #. type: <example></example>
6823 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6824 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6830 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6831 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6835 #. type: <heading></heading>
6837 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6840 #. type: <example></example>
6844 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6845 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6846 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6852 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6853 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6854 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6855 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6856 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6857 "to resolve their problems."
6860 #. type: <heading></heading>
6862 msgid "Held Packages warning"
6865 #. type: <example></example>
6869 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6876 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
6877 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
6878 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
6881 #. type: <heading></heading>
6883 msgid "Final summary"
6889 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
6892 #. type: <example></example>
6896 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6897 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
6898 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
6904 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
6905 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
6906 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
6907 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
6908 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
6909 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
6910 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
6911 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
6912 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
6913 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
6914 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
6915 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
6916 "the amount of space that will be freed."
6922 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
6923 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
6926 #. type: <heading></heading>
6928 msgid "The Status Display"
6934 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
6938 #. type: <example></example>
6942 "# apt-get update\n"
6943 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
6944 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6945 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
6946 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6947 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
6948 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
6954 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
6955 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
6956 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
6957 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
6958 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
6965 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
6966 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
6967 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
6968 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
6969 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
6970 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
6971 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
6977 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
6978 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
6979 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
6980 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
6981 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
6982 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
6983 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
6984 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
6985 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
6986 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
6987 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
6988 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
6995 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
6996 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
6997 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
6998 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7002 #. type: <heading></heading>
7010 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7011 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7012 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7013 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7014 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7015 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7018 #. type: <title></title>
7020 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7023 #. type: <version></version>
7025 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7028 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7031 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7032 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7035 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7037 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7040 #. type: <heading></heading>
7042 msgid "Introduction"
7045 #. type: <heading></heading>
7046 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7053 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7054 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7055 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7056 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7062 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7063 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7064 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7065 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7066 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7067 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7068 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7069 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7070 "bad or no connection."
7076 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7077 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7078 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7079 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7082 #. type: <heading></heading>
7084 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7087 #. type: <p><example>
7090 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7091 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7092 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7093 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7096 #. type: <example></example>
7110 #. type: <heading></heading>
7112 msgid "The configuration file"
7118 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7119 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7120 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7121 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7122 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7123 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7126 #. type: <p><example>
7129 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7133 #. type: <example></example>
7139 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7140 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7141 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7143 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7148 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7149 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7150 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7151 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7153 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7154 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7155 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7157 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7158 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7162 #. type: </example></p>
7165 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7166 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7169 #. type: <p><example>
7172 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7173 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7174 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7175 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7176 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7179 #. type: <example></example>
7183 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7184 " # apt-get update\n"
7185 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7186 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7187 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7190 #. type: </example></p>
7193 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7194 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7195 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7196 "your selections back to the local computer."
7199 #. type: <p><example>
7202 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7203 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7206 #. type: <example></example>
7210 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7211 " # apt-get check\n"
7212 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7213 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7214 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7220 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7221 "local one. This is very important!"
7227 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7228 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7229 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7230 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7231 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7234 #. type: <heading></heading>
7236 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7242 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7243 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7244 "already has a list of available packages."
7250 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7251 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7252 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7256 #. type: <heading></heading>
7262 #. type: <p><example>
7265 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7266 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7269 #. type: <example></example>
7273 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7274 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7275 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7276 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7279 #. type: </example></p>
7282 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7289 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7290 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7291 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7292 "output on the disc."
7295 #. type: <p><example>
7297 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7300 #. type: <example></example>
7305 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7309 #. type: </example><example>
7312 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7313 "installation can proceed using,"
7316 #. type: <example></example>
7319 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7322 #. type: </example></p>
7324 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7328 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
7329 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
7332 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
7334 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7335 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
7338 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
7339 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7342 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
7343 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
7346 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7347 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7351 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7352 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7353 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7354 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7356 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7357 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7359 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7361 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7362 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7363 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7368 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7369 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7370 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7371 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7375 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7376 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7380 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7381 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7382 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7383 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7385 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7386 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7387 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7388 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7393 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7394 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7395 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7396 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7398 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7399 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7400 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7401 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7403 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7404 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7405 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7406 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7407 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7408 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7410 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7411 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7412 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7413 #~ "configuration \n"
7414 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7415 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7418 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7419 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7420 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7421 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7423 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7424 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7425 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7426 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7428 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7429 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7430 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7431 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7432 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7433 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7434 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7436 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7437 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7438 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7439 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7440 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7443 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7444 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"
projects / apt.git / blob