xnu-7195.50.7.100.1.tar.gz

[apple/xnu.git] / osfmk / kern / debug.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2020 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 *
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */
/*
 * @OSF_COPYRIGHT@
 */
/*
 * Mach Operating System
 * Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University
 * All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
 * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
 * ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
 * the rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

#include <mach_assert.h>
#include <mach_kdp.h>
#include <kdp/kdp.h>
#include <kdp/kdp_core.h>
#include <kdp/kdp_internal.h>
#include <kdp/kdp_callout.h>
#include <kern/cpu_number.h>
#include <kern/kalloc.h>
#include <kern/percpu.h>
#include <kern/spl.h>
#include <kern/thread.h>
#include <kern/assert.h>
#include <kern/sched_prim.h>
#include <kern/misc_protos.h>
#include <kern/clock.h>
#include <kern/telemetry.h>
#include <kern/ecc.h>
#include <kern/kern_cdata.h>
#include <kern/zalloc_internal.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdatomic.h>
#include <sys/pgo.h>
#include <console/serial_protos.h>

#if !(MACH_KDP && CONFIG_KDP_INTERACTIVE_DEBUGGING)
#include <kdp/kdp_udp.h>
#endif
#include <kern/processor.h>

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
#include <IOKit/IOBSD.h>

#include <i386/cpu_threads.h>
#include <i386/pmCPU.h>
#endif

#include <IOKit/IOPlatformExpert.h>
#include <machine/pal_routines.h>

#include <sys/kdebug.h>
#include <libkern/OSKextLibPrivate.h>
#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
#include <libkern/kernel_mach_header.h>
#include <libkern/section_keywords.h>
#include <uuid/uuid.h>
#include <mach_debug/zone_info.h>
#include <mach/resource_monitors.h>

#include <os/log_private.h>

#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
#include <pexpert/pexpert.h> /* For gPanicBase */
#include <arm/caches_internal.h>
#include <arm/misc_protos.h>
extern volatile struct xnu_hw_shmem_dbg_command_info *hwsd_info;
#endif

#if CONFIG_XNUPOST
#include <tests/xnupost.h>
extern int vsnprintf(char *, size_t, const char *, va_list);
#endif

#if CONFIG_CSR
#include <sys/csr.h>
#endif

extern int IODTGetLoaderInfo( const char *key, void **infoAddr, int *infosize );

unsigned int    halt_in_debugger = 0;
unsigned int    current_debugger = 0;
unsigned int    active_debugger = 0;
unsigned int    panicDebugging = FALSE;
unsigned int    kernel_debugger_entry_count = 0;

#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
struct additional_panic_data_buffer *panic_data_buffers = NULL;
#endif

#if defined(__arm__)
#define TRAP_DEBUGGER __asm__ volatile("trap")
#elif defined(__arm64__)
/*
 * Magic number; this should be identical to the __arm__ encoding for trap.
 */
#define TRAP_DEBUGGER __asm__ volatile(".long 0xe7ffdeff")
#elif defined (__x86_64__)
#define TRAP_DEBUGGER __asm__("int3")
#else
#error No TRAP_DEBUGGER for this architecture
#endif

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
#define panic_stop()    pmCPUHalt(PM_HALT_PANIC)
#else
#define panic_stop()    panic_spin_forever()
#endif

struct debugger_state {
        uint64_t        db_panic_options;
        debugger_op     db_current_op;
        boolean_t       db_proceed_on_sync_failure;
        const char     *db_message;
        const char     *db_panic_str;
        va_list        *db_panic_args;
        void           *db_panic_data_ptr;
        unsigned long   db_panic_caller;
        /* incremented whenever we panic or call Debugger (current CPU panic level) */
        uint32_t        db_entry_count;
        kern_return_t   db_op_return;
};
static struct debugger_state PERCPU_DATA(debugger_state);

/* __pure2 is correct if this function is called with preemption disabled */
static inline __pure2 struct debugger_state *
current_debugger_state(void)
{
        return PERCPU_GET(debugger_state);
}

#define CPUDEBUGGEROP    current_debugger_state()->db_current_op
#define CPUDEBUGGERMSG   current_debugger_state()->db_message
#define CPUPANICSTR      current_debugger_state()->db_panic_str
#define CPUPANICARGS     current_debugger_state()->db_panic_args
#define CPUPANICOPTS     current_debugger_state()->db_panic_options
#define CPUPANICDATAPTR  current_debugger_state()->db_panic_data_ptr
#define CPUDEBUGGERSYNC  current_debugger_state()->db_proceed_on_sync_failure
#define CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT current_debugger_state()->db_entry_count
#define CPUDEBUGGERRET   current_debugger_state()->db_op_return
#define CPUPANICCALLER   current_debugger_state()->db_panic_caller

#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
#define DEBUGGER_DEBUGGING_NESTED_PANIC_IF_REQUESTED(requested)                 \
MACRO_BEGIN                                                                     \
        if (requested) {                                                        \
                volatile int *badpointer = (int *)4;                            \
                *badpointer = 0;                                                \
        }                                                                       \
MACRO_END
#endif /* DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG */

debugger_op debugger_current_op = DBOP_NONE;
const char *debugger_panic_str = NULL;
va_list *debugger_panic_args = NULL;
void *debugger_panic_data = NULL;
uint64_t debugger_panic_options = 0;
const char *debugger_message = NULL;
unsigned long debugger_panic_caller = 0;

void panic_trap_to_debugger(const char *panic_format_str, va_list *panic_args,
    unsigned int reason, void *ctx, uint64_t panic_options_mask, void *panic_data,
    unsigned long panic_caller) __dead2;
static void kdp_machine_reboot_type(unsigned int type, uint64_t debugger_flags);
void panic_spin_forever(void) __dead2;
extern kern_return_t do_stackshot(void);
extern void PE_panic_hook(const char*);

#define NESTEDDEBUGGERENTRYMAX 5
static unsigned int max_debugger_entry_count = NESTEDDEBUGGERENTRYMAX;

#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
#define DEBUG_BUF_SIZE (4096)

/* debug_buf is directly linked with iBoot panic region for arm targets */
char *debug_buf_base = NULL;
char *debug_buf_ptr = NULL;
unsigned int debug_buf_size = 0;

SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(boolean_t) kdp_explicitly_requested = FALSE;
#else /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */
#define DEBUG_BUF_SIZE ((3 * PAGE_SIZE) + offsetof(struct macos_panic_header, mph_data))
/* EXTENDED_DEBUG_BUF_SIZE definition is now in debug.h */
static_assert(((EXTENDED_DEBUG_BUF_SIZE % PANIC_FLUSH_BOUNDARY) == 0), "Extended debug buf size must match SMC alignment requirements");

char debug_buf[DEBUG_BUF_SIZE];
struct macos_panic_header *panic_info = (struct macos_panic_header *)debug_buf;
char *debug_buf_base = (debug_buf + offsetof(struct macos_panic_header, mph_data));
char *debug_buf_ptr = (debug_buf + offsetof(struct macos_panic_header, mph_data));

/*
 * We don't include the size of the panic header in the length of the data we actually write.
 * On co-processor platforms, we lose sizeof(struct macos_panic_header) bytes from the end of
 * the end of the log because we only support writing (3*PAGESIZE) bytes.
 */
unsigned int debug_buf_size = (DEBUG_BUF_SIZE - offsetof(struct macos_panic_header, mph_data));

boolean_t extended_debug_log_enabled = FALSE;
#endif /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */

#if defined(XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX)
#define KDBG_TRACE_PANIC_FILENAME "/var/tmp/panic.trace"
#else
#define KDBG_TRACE_PANIC_FILENAME "/var/log/panic.trace"
#endif

/* Debugger state */
atomic_int     debugger_cpu = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(DEBUGGER_NO_CPU);
boolean_t      debugger_allcpus_halted = FALSE;
boolean_t      debugger_safe_to_return = TRUE;
unsigned int   debugger_context = 0;

static char model_name[64];
unsigned char *kernel_uuid;

boolean_t kernelcache_uuid_valid = FALSE;
uuid_t kernelcache_uuid;
uuid_string_t kernelcache_uuid_string;

boolean_t pageablekc_uuid_valid = FALSE;
uuid_t pageablekc_uuid;
uuid_string_t pageablekc_uuid_string;

boolean_t auxkc_uuid_valid = FALSE;
uuid_t auxkc_uuid;
uuid_string_t auxkc_uuid_string;

/*
 * By default we treat Debugger() the same as calls to panic(), unless
 * we have debug boot-args present and the DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI *NOT* set.
 * If DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI is *NOT* set, return from Debugger() is supported.
 *
 * Return from Debugger() is currently only implemented on x86
 */
static boolean_t debugger_is_panic = TRUE;

TUNABLE(unsigned int, debug_boot_arg, "debug", 0);

char kernel_uuid_string[37]; /* uuid_string_t */
char kernelcache_uuid_string[37]; /* uuid_string_t */
char   panic_disk_error_description[512];
size_t panic_disk_error_description_size = sizeof(panic_disk_error_description);

extern unsigned int write_trace_on_panic;
int kext_assertions_enable =
#if DEBUG || DEVELOPMENT
    TRUE;
#else
    FALSE;
#endif

/*
 * Maintain the physically-contiguous carveout for the `phys_carveout_mb`
 * boot-arg.
 */
SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(vm_offset_t) phys_carveout = 0;
SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(uintptr_t) phys_carveout_pa = 0;
SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(size_t) phys_carveout_size = 0;

boolean_t
kernel_debugging_allowed(void)
{
#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
#if CONFIG_CSR
        if (csr_check(CSR_ALLOW_KERNEL_DEBUGGER) != 0) {
                return FALSE;
        }
#endif /* CONFIG_CSR */
        return TRUE;
#else /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
        return PE_i_can_has_debugger(NULL);
#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
}

__startup_func
static void
panic_init(void)
{
        unsigned long uuidlen = 0;
        void *uuid;

        uuid = getuuidfromheader(&_mh_execute_header, &uuidlen);
        if ((uuid != NULL) && (uuidlen == sizeof(uuid_t))) {
                kernel_uuid = uuid;
                uuid_unparse_upper(*(uuid_t *)uuid, kernel_uuid_string);
        }

        /*
         * Take the value of the debug boot-arg into account
         */
#if MACH_KDP
        if (kernel_debugging_allowed() && debug_boot_arg) {
                if (debug_boot_arg & DB_HALT) {
                        halt_in_debugger = 1;
                }

#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
                if (debug_boot_arg & DB_NMI) {
                        panicDebugging  = TRUE;
                }
#else
                panicDebugging = TRUE;
#endif /*  defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */
        }

        if (!PE_parse_boot_argn("nested_panic_max", &max_debugger_entry_count, sizeof(max_debugger_entry_count))) {
                max_debugger_entry_count = NESTEDDEBUGGERENTRYMAX;
        }

#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
        char kdpname[80];

        kdp_explicitly_requested = PE_parse_boot_argn("kdp_match_name", kdpname, sizeof(kdpname));
#endif /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */

#endif /* MACH_KDP */

#if defined (__x86_64__)
        /*
         * By default we treat Debugger() the same as calls to panic(), unless
         * we have debug boot-args present and the DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI *NOT* set.
         * If DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI is *NOT* set, return from Debugger() is supported.
         * This is because writing an on-device corefile is a destructive operation.
         *
         * Return from Debugger() is currently only implemented on x86
         */
        if (PE_i_can_has_debugger(NULL) && !(debug_boot_arg & DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI)) {
                debugger_is_panic = FALSE;
        }
#endif
}
STARTUP(TUNABLES, STARTUP_RANK_MIDDLE, panic_init);

#if defined (__x86_64__)
void
extended_debug_log_init(void)
{
        assert(coprocessor_paniclog_flush);
        /*
         * Allocate an extended panic log buffer that has space for the panic
         * stackshot at the end. Update the debug buf pointers appropriately
         * to point at this new buffer.
         *
         * iBoot pre-initializes the panic region with the NULL character. We set this here
         * so we can accurately calculate the CRC for the region without needing to flush the
         * full region over SMC.
         */
        char *new_debug_buf = kalloc_flags(EXTENDED_DEBUG_BUF_SIZE, Z_WAITOK | Z_ZERO);

        panic_info = (struct macos_panic_header *)new_debug_buf;
        debug_buf_ptr = debug_buf_base = (new_debug_buf + offsetof(struct macos_panic_header, mph_data));
        debug_buf_size = (EXTENDED_DEBUG_BUF_SIZE - offsetof(struct macos_panic_header, mph_data));

        extended_debug_log_enabled = TRUE;

        /*
         * Insert a compiler barrier so we don't free the other panic stackshot buffer
         * until after we've marked the new one as available
         */
        __compiler_barrier();
        kmem_free(kernel_map, panic_stackshot_buf, panic_stackshot_buf_len);
        panic_stackshot_buf = 0;
        panic_stackshot_buf_len = 0;
}
#endif /* defined (__x86_64__) */

void
debug_log_init(void)
{
#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
        if (!gPanicBase) {
                printf("debug_log_init: Error!! gPanicBase is still not initialized\n");
                return;
        }
        /* Shift debug buf start location and size by the length of the panic header */
        debug_buf_base = (char *)gPanicBase + sizeof(struct embedded_panic_header);
        debug_buf_ptr = debug_buf_base;
        debug_buf_size = gPanicSize - sizeof(struct embedded_panic_header);
#else
        kern_return_t kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
        bzero(panic_info, DEBUG_BUF_SIZE);

        assert(debug_buf_base != NULL);
        assert(debug_buf_ptr != NULL);
        assert(debug_buf_size != 0);

        /*
         * We allocate a buffer to store a panic time stackshot. If we later discover that this is a
         * system that supports flushing a stackshot via an extended debug log (see above), we'll free this memory
         * as it's not necessary on this platform. This information won't be available until the IOPlatform has come
         * up.
         */
        kr = kmem_alloc(kernel_map, &panic_stackshot_buf, PANIC_STACKSHOT_BUFSIZE, VM_KERN_MEMORY_DIAG);
        assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
        if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
                panic_stackshot_buf_len = PANIC_STACKSHOT_BUFSIZE;
        }
#endif
}

void
phys_carveout_init(void)
{
        if (!PE_i_can_has_debugger(NULL)) {
                return;
        }

        unsigned int phys_carveout_mb = 0;

        if (!PE_parse_boot_argn("phys_carveout_mb", &phys_carveout_mb,
            sizeof(phys_carveout_mb))) {
                return;
        }
        if (phys_carveout_mb == 0) {
                return;
        }

        size_t size = 0;
        if (os_mul_overflow(phys_carveout_mb, 1024 * 1024, &size)) {
                printf("phys_carveout_mb size overflowed (%uMB)\n",
                    phys_carveout_mb);
                return;
        }

        kern_return_t kr = kmem_alloc_contig(kernel_map, &phys_carveout, size,
            VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(kernel_map), 0, 0, KMA_NOPAGEWAIT,
            VM_KERN_MEMORY_DIAG);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                printf("failed to allocate %uMB for phys_carveout_mb: %u\n",
                    phys_carveout_mb, (unsigned int)kr);
                return;
        }

        phys_carveout_pa = kvtophys(phys_carveout);
        phys_carveout_size = size;
}

static void
DebuggerLock(void)
{
        int my_cpu = cpu_number();
        int debugger_exp_cpu = DEBUGGER_NO_CPU;
        assert(ml_get_interrupts_enabled() == FALSE);

        if (atomic_load(&debugger_cpu) == my_cpu) {
                return;
        }

        while (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&debugger_cpu, &debugger_exp_cpu, my_cpu)) {
                debugger_exp_cpu = DEBUGGER_NO_CPU;
        }

        return;
}

static void
DebuggerUnlock(void)
{
        assert(atomic_load_explicit(&debugger_cpu, memory_order_relaxed) == cpu_number());

        /*
         * We don't do an atomic exchange here in case
         * there's another CPU spinning to acquire the debugger_lock
         * and we never get a chance to update it. We already have the
         * lock so we can simply store DEBUGGER_NO_CPU and follow with
         * a barrier.
         */
        atomic_store(&debugger_cpu, DEBUGGER_NO_CPU);
        OSMemoryBarrier();

        return;
}

static kern_return_t
DebuggerHaltOtherCores(boolean_t proceed_on_failure)
{
#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
        return DebuggerXCallEnter(proceed_on_failure);
#else /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */
#pragma unused(proceed_on_failure)
        mp_kdp_enter(proceed_on_failure);
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
#endif
}

static void
DebuggerResumeOtherCores(void)
{
#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
        DebuggerXCallReturn();
#else /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */
        mp_kdp_exit();
#endif
}

static void
DebuggerSaveState(debugger_op db_op, const char *db_message, const char *db_panic_str,
    va_list *db_panic_args, uint64_t db_panic_options, void *db_panic_data_ptr,
    boolean_t db_proceed_on_sync_failure, unsigned long db_panic_caller)
{
        CPUDEBUGGEROP = db_op;

        /* Preserve the original panic message */
        if (CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT == 1 || CPUPANICSTR == NULL) {
                CPUDEBUGGERMSG = db_message;
                CPUPANICSTR = db_panic_str;
                CPUPANICARGS = db_panic_args;
                CPUPANICDATAPTR = db_panic_data_ptr;
                CPUPANICCALLER = db_panic_caller;
        } else if (CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT > 1 && db_panic_str != NULL) {
                kprintf("Nested panic detected:");
                if (db_panic_str != NULL) {
                        _doprnt(db_panic_str, db_panic_args, PE_kputc, 0);
                }
        }

        CPUDEBUGGERSYNC = db_proceed_on_sync_failure;
        CPUDEBUGGERRET = KERN_SUCCESS;

        /* Reset these on any nested panics */
        CPUPANICOPTS = db_panic_options;

        return;
}

/*
 * Save the requested debugger state/action into the current processor's
 * percu state and trap to the debugger.
 */
kern_return_t
DebuggerTrapWithState(debugger_op db_op, const char *db_message, const char *db_panic_str,
    va_list *db_panic_args, uint64_t db_panic_options, void *db_panic_data_ptr,
    boolean_t db_proceed_on_sync_failure, unsigned long db_panic_caller)
{
        kern_return_t ret;

        assert(ml_get_interrupts_enabled() == FALSE);
        DebuggerSaveState(db_op, db_message, db_panic_str, db_panic_args,
            db_panic_options, db_panic_data_ptr,
            db_proceed_on_sync_failure, db_panic_caller);

        /*
         * On ARM this generates an uncategorized exception -> sleh code ->
         *   DebuggerCall -> kdp_trap -> handle_debugger_trap
         * So that is how XNU ensures that only one core can panic.
         * The rest of the cores are halted by IPI if possible; if that
         * fails it will fall back to dbgwrap.
         */
        TRAP_DEBUGGER;

        ret = CPUDEBUGGERRET;

        DebuggerSaveState(DBOP_NONE, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, FALSE, 0);

        return ret;
}

void __attribute__((noinline))
Assert(
        const char      *file,
        int             line,
        const char      *expression
        )
{
#if CONFIG_NONFATAL_ASSERTS
        static TUNABLE(bool, mach_assert, "assertions", true);

        if (!mach_assert) {
                kprintf("%s:%d non-fatal Assertion: %s", file, line, expression);
                return;
        }
#endif

        panic_plain("%s:%d Assertion failed: %s", file, line, expression);
}

boolean_t
debug_is_current_cpu_in_panic_state(void)
{
        return current_debugger_state()->db_entry_count > 0;
}

void
Debugger(const char *message)
{
        DebuggerWithContext(0, NULL, message, DEBUGGER_OPTION_NONE);
}

void
DebuggerWithContext(unsigned int reason, void *ctx, const char *message,
    uint64_t debugger_options_mask)
{
        spl_t previous_interrupts_state;
        boolean_t old_doprnt_hide_pointers = doprnt_hide_pointers;

        previous_interrupts_state = ml_set_interrupts_enabled(FALSE);
        disable_preemption();

        CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT++;

        if (CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT > max_debugger_entry_count) {
                static boolean_t in_panic_kprintf = FALSE;

                /* Notify any listeners that we've started a panic */
                uint32_t panic_details = 0;
                if (debugger_options_mask & DEBUGGER_OPTION_PANICLOGANDREBOOT) {
                        panic_details |= kPanicDetailsForcePowerOff;
                }
                PEHaltRestartInternal(kPEPanicBegin, panic_details);

                if (!in_panic_kprintf) {
                        in_panic_kprintf = TRUE;
                        kprintf("Detected nested debugger entry count exceeding %d\n",
                            max_debugger_entry_count);
                        in_panic_kprintf = FALSE;
                }

                if (!panicDebugging) {
                        kdp_machine_reboot_type(kPEPanicRestartCPU, debugger_options_mask);
                }

                panic_spin_forever();
        }

        /* Handle any necessary platform specific actions before we proceed */
        PEInitiatePanic();

#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
        DEBUGGER_DEBUGGING_NESTED_PANIC_IF_REQUESTED((debugger_options_mask & DEBUGGER_OPTION_RECURPANIC_ENTRY));
#endif

        doprnt_hide_pointers = FALSE;

        if (ctx != NULL) {
                DebuggerSaveState(DBOP_DEBUGGER, message,
                    NULL, NULL, debugger_options_mask, NULL, TRUE, 0);
                handle_debugger_trap(reason, 0, 0, ctx);
                DebuggerSaveState(DBOP_NONE, NULL, NULL,
                    NULL, 0, NULL, FALSE, 0);
        } else {
                DebuggerTrapWithState(DBOP_DEBUGGER, message,
                    NULL, NULL, debugger_options_mask, NULL, TRUE, 0);
        }

        CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT--;
        doprnt_hide_pointers = old_doprnt_hide_pointers;
        enable_preemption();
        ml_set_interrupts_enabled(previous_interrupts_state);
}

static struct kdp_callout {
        struct kdp_callout * callout_next;
        kdp_callout_fn_t callout_fn;
        boolean_t callout_in_progress;
        void * callout_arg;
} * kdp_callout_list = NULL;

/*
 * Called from kernel context to register a kdp event callout.
 */
void
kdp_register_callout(kdp_callout_fn_t fn, void * arg)
{
        struct kdp_callout * kcp;
        struct kdp_callout * list_head;

        kcp = kalloc(sizeof(*kcp));
        if (kcp == NULL) {
                panic("kdp_register_callout() kalloc failed");
        }

        kcp->callout_fn = fn;
        kcp->callout_arg = arg;
        kcp->callout_in_progress = FALSE;

        /* Lock-less list insertion using compare and exchange. */
        do {
                list_head = kdp_callout_list;
                kcp->callout_next = list_head;
        } while (!OSCompareAndSwapPtr(list_head, kcp, &kdp_callout_list));
}

static void
kdp_callouts(kdp_event_t event)
{
        struct kdp_callout      *kcp = kdp_callout_list;

        while (kcp) {
                if (!kcp->callout_in_progress) {
                        kcp->callout_in_progress = TRUE;
                        kcp->callout_fn(kcp->callout_arg, event);
                        kcp->callout_in_progress = FALSE;
                }
                kcp = kcp->callout_next;
        }
}

#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
/*
 * Register an additional buffer with data to include in the panic log
 *
 * <rdar://problem/50137705> tracks supporting more than one buffer
 *
 * Note that producer_name and buf should never be de-allocated as we reference these during panic.
 */
void
register_additional_panic_data_buffer(const char *producer_name, void *buf, int len)
{
        if (panic_data_buffers != NULL) {
                panic("register_additional_panic_data_buffer called with buffer already registered");
        }

        if (producer_name == NULL || (strlen(producer_name) == 0)) {
                panic("register_additional_panic_data_buffer called with invalid producer_name");
        }

        if (buf == NULL) {
                panic("register_additional_panic_data_buffer called with invalid buffer pointer");
        }

        if ((len <= 0) || (len > ADDITIONAL_PANIC_DATA_BUFFER_MAX_LEN)) {
                panic("register_additional_panic_data_buffer called with invalid length");
        }

        struct additional_panic_data_buffer *new_panic_data_buffer = kalloc(sizeof(struct additional_panic_data_buffer));
        new_panic_data_buffer->producer_name = producer_name;
        new_panic_data_buffer->buf = buf;
        new_panic_data_buffer->len = len;

        if (!OSCompareAndSwapPtr(NULL, new_panic_data_buffer, &panic_data_buffers)) {
                panic("register_additional_panic_data_buffer called with buffer already registered");
        }

        return;
}
#endif /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */

/*
 * An overview of the xnu panic path:
 *
 * Several panic wrappers (panic(), panic_with_options(), etc.) all funnel into panic_trap_to_debugger().
 * panic_trap_to_debugger() sets the panic state in the current processor's debugger_state prior
 * to trapping into the debugger. Once we trap to the debugger, we end up in handle_debugger_trap()
 * which tries to acquire the panic lock by atomically swapping the current CPU number into debugger_cpu.
 * debugger_cpu acts as a synchronization point, from which the winning CPU can halt the other cores and
 * continue to debugger_collect_diagnostics() where we write the paniclog, corefile (if appropriate) and proceed
 * according to the device's boot-args.
 */
#undef panic
void
panic(const char *str, ...)
{
        va_list panic_str_args;

        va_start(panic_str_args, str);
        panic_trap_to_debugger(str, &panic_str_args, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, (unsigned long)(char *)__builtin_return_address(0));
        va_end(panic_str_args);
}

void
panic_with_options(unsigned int reason, void *ctx, uint64_t debugger_options_mask, const char *str, ...)
{
        va_list panic_str_args;

        va_start(panic_str_args, str);
        panic_trap_to_debugger(str, &panic_str_args, reason, ctx, (debugger_options_mask & ~DEBUGGER_INTERNAL_OPTIONS_MASK),
            NULL, (unsigned long)(char *)__builtin_return_address(0));
        va_end(panic_str_args);
}

#if defined (__x86_64__)
/*
 * panic_with_thread_context() is used on x86 platforms to specify a different thread that should be backtraced in the paniclog.
 * We don't generally need this functionality on embedded platforms because embedded platforms include a panic time stackshot
 * from customer devices. We plumb the thread pointer via the debugger trap mechanism and backtrace the kernel stack from the
 * thread when writing the panic log.
 *
 * NOTE: panic_with_thread_context() should be called with an explicit thread reference held on the passed thread.
 */
void
panic_with_thread_context(unsigned int reason, void *ctx, uint64_t debugger_options_mask, thread_t thread, const char *str, ...)
{
        va_list panic_str_args;
        __assert_only os_ref_count_t th_ref_count;

        assert_thread_magic(thread);
        th_ref_count = os_ref_get_count(&thread->ref_count);
        assertf(th_ref_count > 0, "panic_with_thread_context called with invalid thread %p with refcount %u", thread, th_ref_count);

        /* Take a reference on the thread so it doesn't disappear by the time we try to backtrace it */
        thread_reference(thread);

        va_start(panic_str_args, str);
        panic_trap_to_debugger(str, &panic_str_args, reason, ctx, ((debugger_options_mask & ~DEBUGGER_INTERNAL_OPTIONS_MASK) | DEBUGGER_INTERNAL_OPTION_THREAD_BACKTRACE),
            thread, (unsigned long)(char *)__builtin_return_address(0));

        va_end(panic_str_args);
}
#endif /* defined (__x86_64__) */

#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-noreturn"
void
panic_trap_to_debugger(const char *panic_format_str, va_list *panic_args, unsigned int reason, void *ctx,
    uint64_t panic_options_mask, void *panic_data_ptr, unsigned long panic_caller)
{
#pragma clang diagnostic pop

#if defined(__x86_64__) && (DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG)
        /* Turn off I/O tracing once we've panicked */
        mmiotrace_enabled = 0;
#endif

        ml_panic_trap_to_debugger(panic_format_str, panic_args, reason, ctx, panic_options_mask, panic_caller);

        CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT++;

        if (CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT > max_debugger_entry_count) {
                static boolean_t in_panic_kprintf = FALSE;

                /* Notify any listeners that we've started a panic */
                uint32_t panic_details = 0;
                if (panic_options_mask & DEBUGGER_OPTION_PANICLOGANDREBOOT) {
                        panic_details |= kPanicDetailsForcePowerOff;
                }
                PEHaltRestartInternal(kPEPanicBegin, panic_details);

                if (!in_panic_kprintf) {
                        in_panic_kprintf = TRUE;
                        kprintf("Detected nested debugger entry count exceeding %d\n",
                            max_debugger_entry_count);
                        in_panic_kprintf = FALSE;
                }

                if (!panicDebugging) {
                        kdp_machine_reboot_type(kPEPanicRestartCPU, panic_options_mask);
                }

                panic_spin_forever();
        }

        /* Handle any necessary platform specific actions before we proceed */
        PEInitiatePanic();

#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
        DEBUGGER_DEBUGGING_NESTED_PANIC_IF_REQUESTED((panic_options_mask & DEBUGGER_OPTION_RECURPANIC_ENTRY));
#endif

        PE_panic_hook(panic_format_str);

#if defined (__x86_64__)
        plctrace_disable();
#endif

        if (write_trace_on_panic && kdebug_enable) {
                if (get_preemption_level() == 0 && !ml_at_interrupt_context()) {
                        ml_set_interrupts_enabled(TRUE);
                        KDBG_RELEASE(TRACE_PANIC);
                        kdbg_dump_trace_to_file(KDBG_TRACE_PANIC_FILENAME);
                }
        }

        ml_set_interrupts_enabled(FALSE);
        disable_preemption();

#if defined (__x86_64__)
        pmSafeMode(x86_lcpu(), PM_SAFE_FL_SAFE);
#endif /* defined (__x86_64__) */

        /* Never hide pointers from panic logs. */
        doprnt_hide_pointers = FALSE;

        if (ctx != NULL) {
                /*
                 * We called into panic from a trap, no need to trap again. Set the
                 * state on the current CPU and then jump to handle_debugger_trap.
                 */
                DebuggerSaveState(DBOP_PANIC, "panic",
                    panic_format_str, panic_args,
                    panic_options_mask, panic_data_ptr, TRUE, panic_caller);
                handle_debugger_trap(reason, 0, 0, ctx);
        }

#if defined(__arm64__)
        /*
         *  Signal to fastsim that it should open debug ports (nop on hardware)
         */
        __asm__         volatile ("HINT 0x45");
#endif /* defined(__arm64__) */

        DebuggerTrapWithState(DBOP_PANIC, "panic", panic_format_str,
            panic_args, panic_options_mask, panic_data_ptr, TRUE, panic_caller);

        /*
         * Not reached.
         */
        panic_stop();
        __builtin_unreachable();
}

void
panic_spin_forever(void)
{
        paniclog_append_noflush("\nPlease go to https://panic.apple.com to report this panic\n");

        for (;;) {
        }
}

static void
kdp_machine_reboot_type(unsigned int type, uint64_t debugger_flags)
{
        printf("Attempting system restart...\n");
        if ((type == kPEPanicRestartCPU) && (debugger_flags & DEBUGGER_OPTION_SKIP_PANICEND_CALLOUTS)) {
                PEHaltRestart(kPEPanicRestartCPUNoCallouts);
        } else {
                PEHaltRestart(type);
        }
        halt_all_cpus(TRUE);
}

void
kdp_machine_reboot(void)
{
        kdp_machine_reboot_type(kPEPanicRestartCPU, 0);
}

/*
 * Gather and save diagnostic information about a panic (or Debugger call).
 *
 * On embedded, Debugger and Panic are treated very similarly -- WDT uses Debugger so we can
 * theoretically return from it. On desktop, Debugger is treated as a conventional debugger -- i.e no
 * paniclog is written and no core is written unless we request a core on NMI.
 *
 * This routine handles kicking off local coredumps, paniclogs, calling into the Debugger/KDP (if it's configured),
 * and calling out to any other functions we have for collecting diagnostic info.
 */
static void
debugger_collect_diagnostics(unsigned int exception, unsigned int code, unsigned int subcode, void *state)
{
#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
        DEBUGGER_DEBUGGING_NESTED_PANIC_IF_REQUESTED((debugger_panic_options & DEBUGGER_OPTION_RECURPANIC_PRELOG));
#endif

#if defined(__x86_64__)
        kprintf("Debugger called: <%s>\n", debugger_message ? debugger_message : "");
#endif
        /*
         * DB_HALT (halt_in_debugger) can be requested on startup, we shouldn't generate
         * a coredump/paniclog for this type of debugger entry. If KDP isn't configured,
         * we'll just spin in kdp_raise_exception.
         */
        if (debugger_current_op == DBOP_DEBUGGER && halt_in_debugger) {
                kdp_raise_exception(exception, code, subcode, state);
                if (debugger_safe_to_return && !debugger_is_panic) {
                        return;
                }
        }

        if ((debugger_current_op == DBOP_PANIC) ||
            ((debugger_current_op == DBOP_DEBUGGER) && debugger_is_panic)) {
                /*
                 * Attempt to notify listeners once and only once that we've started
                 * panicking. Only do this for Debugger() calls if we're treating
                 * Debugger() calls like panic().
                 */
                uint32_t panic_details = 0;
                if (debugger_panic_options & DEBUGGER_OPTION_PANICLOGANDREBOOT) {
                        panic_details |= kPanicDetailsForcePowerOff;
                }
                PEHaltRestartInternal(kPEPanicBegin, panic_details);

                /*
                 * Set the begin pointer in the panic log structure. We key off of this
                 * static variable rather than contents from the panic header itself in case someone
                 * has stomped over the panic_info structure. Also initializes the header magic.
                 */
                static boolean_t began_writing_paniclog = FALSE;
                if (!began_writing_paniclog) {
                        PE_init_panicheader();
                        began_writing_paniclog = TRUE;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * If we reached here, update the panic header to keep it as consistent
                         * as possible during a nested panic
                         */
                        PE_update_panicheader_nestedpanic();
                }
        }

        /*
         * Write panic string if this was a panic.
         *
         * TODO: Consider moving to SavePanicInfo as this is part of the panic log.
         */
        if (debugger_current_op == DBOP_PANIC) {
                paniclog_append_noflush("panic(cpu %d caller 0x%lx): ", (unsigned) cpu_number(), debugger_panic_caller);
                if (debugger_panic_str) {
                        _doprnt(debugger_panic_str, debugger_panic_args, consdebug_putc, 0);
                }
                paniclog_append_noflush("\n");
        }
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        else if (((debugger_current_op == DBOP_DEBUGGER) && debugger_is_panic)) {
                paniclog_append_noflush("Debugger called: <%s>\n", debugger_message ? debugger_message : "");
        }

        /*
         * Debugger() is treated like panic() on embedded -- for example we use it for WDT
         * panics (so we need to write a paniclog). On desktop Debugger() is used in the
         * conventional sense.
         */
        if (debugger_current_op == DBOP_PANIC || ((debugger_current_op == DBOP_DEBUGGER) && debugger_is_panic))
#endif
        {
                kdp_callouts(KDP_EVENT_PANICLOG);

                /*
                 * Write paniclog and panic stackshot (if supported)
                 * TODO: Need to clear panic log when return from debugger
                 * hooked up for embedded
                 */
                SavePanicInfo(debugger_message, debugger_panic_data, debugger_panic_options);

#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
                DEBUGGER_DEBUGGING_NESTED_PANIC_IF_REQUESTED((debugger_panic_options & DEBUGGER_OPTION_RECURPANIC_POSTLOG));
#endif

                /* DEBUGGER_OPTION_PANICLOGANDREBOOT is used for two finger resets on embedded so we get a paniclog */
                if (debugger_panic_options & DEBUGGER_OPTION_PANICLOGANDREBOOT) {
                        PEHaltRestart(kPEPanicRestartCPUNoCallouts);
                }
        }

#if CONFIG_KDP_INTERACTIVE_DEBUGGING
        /*
         * If reboot on panic is enabled and the caller of panic indicated that we should skip
         * local coredumps, don't try to write these and instead go straight to reboot. This
         * allows us to persist any data that's stored in the panic log.
         */
        if ((debugger_panic_options & DEBUGGER_OPTION_SKIP_LOCAL_COREDUMP) &&
            (debug_boot_arg & DB_REBOOT_POST_CORE)) {
                kdp_machine_reboot_type(kPEPanicRestartCPU, debugger_panic_options);
        }

        /*
         * Consider generating a local corefile if the infrastructure is configured
         * and we haven't disabled on-device coredumps.
         */
        if (on_device_corefile_enabled()) {
                if (!kdp_has_polled_corefile()) {
                        if (debug_boot_arg & (DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_PANIC | DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI)) {
                                paniclog_append_noflush("skipping local kernel core because core file could not be opened prior to panic (error : 0x%x)",
                                    kdp_polled_corefile_error());
#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
                                panic_info->eph_panic_flags |= EMBEDDED_PANIC_HEADER_FLAG_COREDUMP_FAILED;
                                paniclog_flush();
#else /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */
                                if (panic_info->mph_panic_log_offset != 0) {
                                        panic_info->mph_panic_flags |= MACOS_PANIC_HEADER_FLAG_COREDUMP_FAILED;
                                        paniclog_flush();
                                }
#endif /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */
                        }
                }
#if XNU_MONITOR
                else if ((pmap_get_cpu_data()->ppl_state == PPL_STATE_PANIC) && (debug_boot_arg & (DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_PANIC | DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI))) {
                        paniclog_append_noflush("skipping local kernel core because the PPL is in PANIC state");
                        panic_info->eph_panic_flags |= EMBEDDED_PANIC_HEADER_FLAG_COREDUMP_FAILED;
                        paniclog_flush();
                }
#endif /* XNU_MONITOR */
                else {
                        int ret = -1;

#if defined (__x86_64__)
                        /* On x86 we don't do a coredump on Debugger unless the DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI boot-arg is specified. */
                        if (debugger_current_op != DBOP_DEBUGGER || (debug_boot_arg & DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI))
#endif
                        {
                                /*
                                 * Doing an on-device coredump leaves the disk driver in a state
                                 * that can not be resumed.
                                 */
                                debugger_safe_to_return = FALSE;
                                begin_panic_transfer();
                                ret = kern_dump(KERN_DUMP_DISK);
                                abort_panic_transfer();

#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
                                DEBUGGER_DEBUGGING_NESTED_PANIC_IF_REQUESTED((debugger_panic_options & DEBUGGER_OPTION_RECURPANIC_POSTCORE));
#endif
                        }

                        /*
                         * If DB_REBOOT_POST_CORE is set, then reboot if coredump is sucessfully saved
                         * or if option to ignore failures is set.
                         */
                        if ((debug_boot_arg & DB_REBOOT_POST_CORE) &&
                            ((ret == 0) || (debugger_panic_options & DEBUGGER_OPTION_ATTEMPTCOREDUMPANDREBOOT))) {
                                kdp_machine_reboot_type(kPEPanicRestartCPU, debugger_panic_options);
                        }
                }
        }

        if (debug_boot_arg & DB_REBOOT_ALWAYS) {
                kdp_machine_reboot_type(kPEPanicRestartCPU, debugger_panic_options);
        }

        /* If KDP is configured, try to trap to the debugger */
#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
        if (kdp_explicitly_requested && (current_debugger != NO_CUR_DB)) {
#else
        if (current_debugger != NO_CUR_DB) {
#endif
                kdp_raise_exception(exception, code, subcode, state);
                /*
                 * Only return if we entered via Debugger and it's safe to return
                 * (we halted the other cores successfully, this isn't a nested panic, etc)
                 */
                if (debugger_current_op == DBOP_DEBUGGER &&
                    debugger_safe_to_return &&
                    kernel_debugger_entry_count == 1 &&
                    !debugger_is_panic) {
                        return;
                }
        }

#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
        if (PE_i_can_has_debugger(NULL) && panicDebugging) {
                /* If panic debugging is configured and we're on a dev fused device, spin for astris to connect */
                panic_spin_shmcon();
        }
#endif /* defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__) */
#endif /* CONFIG_KDP_INTERACTIVE_DEBUGGING */

        if (!panicDebugging) {
                kdp_machine_reboot_type(kPEPanicRestartCPU, debugger_panic_options);
        }

        panic_spin_forever();
}

#if INTERRUPT_MASKED_DEBUG
uint64_t debugger_trap_timestamps[9];
# define DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(i) debugger_trap_timestamps[i] = mach_absolute_time();
#else
# define DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(i)
#endif

void
handle_debugger_trap(unsigned int exception, unsigned int code, unsigned int subcode, void *state)
{
        unsigned int initial_not_in_kdp = not_in_kdp;
        kern_return_t ret;
        debugger_op db_prev_op = debugger_current_op;

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(0);

        DebuggerLock();
        ret = DebuggerHaltOtherCores(CPUDEBUGGERSYNC);

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(1);

#if INTERRUPT_MASKED_DEBUG
        if (serialmode & SERIALMODE_OUTPUT) {
                ml_spin_debug_reset(current_thread());
        }
#endif
        if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                CPUDEBUGGERRET = ret;
                DebuggerUnlock();
                return;
        }

        /* Update the global panic/debugger nested entry level */
        kernel_debugger_entry_count = CPUDEBUGGERCOUNT;
        if (kernel_debugger_entry_count > 0) {
                console_suspend();
        }

        /*
         * TODO: Should we do anything special for nested panics here? i.e. if we've trapped more than twice
         * should we call into the debugger if it's configured and then reboot if the panic log has been written?
         */

        if (CPUDEBUGGEROP == DBOP_NONE) {
                /* If there was no debugger context setup, we trapped due to a software breakpoint */
                debugger_current_op = DBOP_BREAKPOINT;
        } else {
                /* Not safe to return from a nested panic/debugger call */
                if (debugger_current_op == DBOP_PANIC ||
                    debugger_current_op == DBOP_DEBUGGER) {
                        debugger_safe_to_return = FALSE;
                }

                debugger_current_op = CPUDEBUGGEROP;

                /* Only overwrite the panic message if there is none already - save the data from the first call */
                if (debugger_panic_str == NULL) {
                        debugger_panic_str = CPUPANICSTR;
                        debugger_panic_args = CPUPANICARGS;
                        debugger_panic_data = CPUPANICDATAPTR;
                        debugger_message = CPUDEBUGGERMSG;
                        debugger_panic_caller = CPUPANICCALLER;
                }

                debugger_panic_options = CPUPANICOPTS;
        }

        /*
         * Clear the op from the processor debugger context so we can handle
         * breakpoints in the debugger
         */
        CPUDEBUGGEROP = DBOP_NONE;

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(2);

        kdp_callouts(KDP_EVENT_ENTER);
        not_in_kdp = 0;

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(3);

        if (debugger_current_op == DBOP_BREAKPOINT) {
                kdp_raise_exception(exception, code, subcode, state);
        } else if (debugger_current_op == DBOP_STACKSHOT) {
                CPUDEBUGGERRET = do_stackshot();
#if PGO
        } else if (debugger_current_op == DBOP_RESET_PGO_COUNTERS) {
                CPUDEBUGGERRET = do_pgo_reset_counters();
#endif
        } else {
                debugger_collect_diagnostics(exception, code, subcode, state);
        }

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(4);

        not_in_kdp = initial_not_in_kdp;
        kdp_callouts(KDP_EVENT_EXIT);

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(5);

        if (debugger_current_op != DBOP_BREAKPOINT) {
                debugger_panic_str = NULL;
                debugger_panic_args = NULL;
                debugger_panic_data = NULL;
                debugger_panic_options = 0;
                debugger_message = NULL;
        }

        /* Restore the previous debugger state */
        debugger_current_op = db_prev_op;

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(6);

        DebuggerResumeOtherCores();

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(7);

        DebuggerUnlock();

        DEBUGGER_TRAP_TIMESTAMP(8);

        return;
}

__attribute__((noinline, not_tail_called))
void
log(__unused int level, char *fmt, ...)
{
        void *caller = __builtin_return_address(0);
        va_list listp;
        va_list listp2;


#ifdef lint
        level++;
#endif /* lint */
#ifdef  MACH_BSD
        va_start(listp, fmt);
        va_copy(listp2, listp);

        disable_preemption();
        _doprnt(fmt, &listp, cons_putc_locked, 0);
        enable_preemption();

        va_end(listp);

        os_log_with_args(OS_LOG_DEFAULT, OS_LOG_TYPE_DEFAULT, fmt, listp2, caller);
        va_end(listp2);
#endif
}

/*
 * Per <rdar://problem/24974766>, skip appending log messages to
 * the new logging infrastructure in contexts where safety is
 * uncertain. These contexts include:
 *   - When we're in the debugger
 *   - We're in a panic
 *   - Interrupts are disabled
 *   - Or Pre-emption is disabled
 * In all the above cases, it is potentially unsafe to log messages.
 */

boolean_t
oslog_is_safe(void)
{
        return kernel_debugger_entry_count == 0 &&
               not_in_kdp == 1 &&
               get_preemption_level() == 0 &&
               ml_get_interrupts_enabled() == TRUE;
}

boolean_t
debug_mode_active(void)
{
        return (0 != kernel_debugger_entry_count != 0) || (0 == not_in_kdp);
}

void
debug_putc(char c)
{
        if ((debug_buf_size != 0) &&
            ((debug_buf_ptr - debug_buf_base) < (int)debug_buf_size)) {
                *debug_buf_ptr = c;
                debug_buf_ptr++;
        }
}

#if defined (__x86_64__)
struct pasc {
        unsigned a: 7;
        unsigned b: 7;
        unsigned c: 7;
        unsigned d: 7;
        unsigned e: 7;
        unsigned f: 7;
        unsigned g: 7;
        unsigned h: 7;
}  __attribute__((packed));

typedef struct pasc pasc_t;

/*
 * In-place packing routines -- inefficient, but they're called at most once.
 * Assumes "buflen" is a multiple of 8. Used for compressing paniclogs on x86.
 */
int
packA(char *inbuf, uint32_t length, uint32_t buflen)
{
        unsigned int i, j = 0;
        pasc_t pack;

        length = MIN(((length + 7) & ~7), buflen);

        for (i = 0; i < length; i += 8) {
                pack.a = inbuf[i];
                pack.b = inbuf[i + 1];
                pack.c = inbuf[i + 2];
                pack.d = inbuf[i + 3];
                pack.e = inbuf[i + 4];
                pack.f = inbuf[i + 5];
                pack.g = inbuf[i + 6];
                pack.h = inbuf[i + 7];
                bcopy((char *) &pack, inbuf + j, 7);
                j += 7;
        }
        return j;
}

void
unpackA(char *inbuf, uint32_t length)
{
        pasc_t packs;
        unsigned i = 0;
        length = (length * 8) / 7;

        while (i < length) {
                packs = *(pasc_t *)&inbuf[i];
                bcopy(&inbuf[i + 7], &inbuf[i + 8], MAX(0, (int) (length - i - 8)));
                inbuf[i++] = packs.a;
                inbuf[i++] = packs.b;
                inbuf[i++] = packs.c;
                inbuf[i++] = packs.d;
                inbuf[i++] = packs.e;
                inbuf[i++] = packs.f;
                inbuf[i++] = packs.g;
                inbuf[i++] = packs.h;
        }
}
#endif /* defined (__x86_64__) */

extern char *proc_name_address(void *);
extern char *proc_longname_address(void *);

__private_extern__ void
panic_display_process_name(void)
{
        proc_name_t proc_name = {};
        task_t ctask = 0;
        void *cbsd_info = 0;
        vm_size_t size;

        size = ml_nofault_copy((vm_offset_t)&current_thread()->task,
            (vm_offset_t)&ctask, sizeof(task_t));
        if (size != sizeof(task_t)) {
                goto out;
        }

        size = ml_nofault_copy((vm_offset_t)&ctask->bsd_info,
            (vm_offset_t)&cbsd_info, sizeof(cbsd_info));
        if (size != sizeof(cbsd_info)) {
                goto out;
        }

        if (cbsd_info == NULL) {
                goto out;
        }

        size = ml_nofault_copy((vm_offset_t)proc_longname_address(cbsd_info),
            (vm_offset_t)&proc_name, sizeof(proc_name));

        if (size == 0 || proc_name[0] == '\0') {
                size = ml_nofault_copy((vm_offset_t)proc_name_address(cbsd_info),
                    (vm_offset_t)&proc_name,
                    MIN(sizeof(command_t), sizeof(proc_name)));
                if (size > 0) {
                        proc_name[size - 1] = '\0';
                }
        }

out:
        proc_name[sizeof(proc_name) - 1] = '\0';
        paniclog_append_noflush("\nProcess name corresponding to current thread: %s\n",
            proc_name[0] != '\0' ? proc_name : "Unknown");
}

unsigned
panic_active(void)
{
        return debugger_panic_str != (char *) 0;
}

void
populate_model_name(char *model_string)
{
        strlcpy(model_name, model_string, sizeof(model_name));
}

void
panic_display_model_name(void)
{
        char tmp_model_name[sizeof(model_name)];

        if (ml_nofault_copy((vm_offset_t) &model_name, (vm_offset_t) &tmp_model_name, sizeof(model_name)) != sizeof(model_name)) {
                return;
        }

        tmp_model_name[sizeof(tmp_model_name) - 1] = '\0';

        if (tmp_model_name[0] != 0) {
                paniclog_append_noflush("System model name: %s\n", tmp_model_name);
        }
}

void
panic_display_kernel_uuid(void)
{
        char tmp_kernel_uuid[sizeof(kernel_uuid_string)];

        if (ml_nofault_copy((vm_offset_t) &kernel_uuid_string, (vm_offset_t) &tmp_kernel_uuid, sizeof(kernel_uuid_string)) != sizeof(kernel_uuid_string)) {
                return;
        }

        if (tmp_kernel_uuid[0] != '\0') {
                paniclog_append_noflush("Kernel UUID: %s\n", tmp_kernel_uuid);
        }
}

void
panic_display_kernel_aslr(void)
{
        kc_format_t kc_format;

        PE_get_primary_kc_format(&kc_format);

        if (kc_format == KCFormatFileset) {
                void *kch = PE_get_kc_header(KCKindPrimary);

                paniclog_append_noflush("KernelCache slide: 0x%016lx\n", (unsigned long) vm_kernel_slide);
                paniclog_append_noflush("KernelCache base:  %p\n", (void*) kch);
                paniclog_append_noflush("Kernel slide:      0x%016lx\n", vm_kernel_stext - (unsigned long)kch + vm_kernel_slide);
        } else if (vm_kernel_slide) {
                paniclog_append_noflush("Kernel slide:      0x%016lx\n", (unsigned long) vm_kernel_slide);
        }
        paniclog_append_noflush("Kernel text base:  %p\n", (void *) vm_kernel_stext);
#if defined(__arm64__)
        if (kc_format == KCFormatFileset) {
                extern vm_offset_t segTEXTEXECB;
                paniclog_append_noflush("Kernel text exec base:  0x%016lx\n", (unsigned long)segTEXTEXECB);
        }
#endif
}

void
panic_display_hibb(void)
{
#if defined(__i386__) || defined (__x86_64__)
        paniclog_append_noflush("__HIB  text base: %p\n", (void *) vm_hib_base);
#endif
}

extern unsigned int     stack_total;
extern unsigned long long stack_allocs;

#if defined (__x86_64__)
extern unsigned int     inuse_ptepages_count;
extern long long alloc_ptepages_count;
#endif

extern boolean_t panic_include_zprint;
extern mach_memory_info_t *panic_kext_memory_info;
extern vm_size_t panic_kext_memory_size;

__private_extern__ void
panic_display_zprint(void)
{
        if (panic_include_zprint == TRUE) {
                struct zone     zone_copy;

                paniclog_append_noflush("%-20s %10s %10s\n", "Zone Name", "Cur Size", "Free Size");
                zone_index_foreach(i) {
                        if (ml_nofault_copy((vm_offset_t)&zone_array[i],
                            (vm_offset_t)&zone_copy, sizeof(struct zone)) == sizeof(struct zone)) {
                                if (zone_copy.page_count > atop(1024 * 1024)) {
                                        paniclog_append_noflush("%-8s%-20s %10llu %10lu\n",
                                            zone_heap_name(&zone_copy),
                                            zone_copy.z_name, ptoa_64(zone_copy.page_count),
                                            (uintptr_t)zone_size_free(&zone_copy));
                                }
                        }
                }

                paniclog_append_noflush("%-20s %10lu\n", "Kernel Stacks",
                    (uintptr_t)(kernel_stack_size * stack_total));
#if defined (__x86_64__)
                paniclog_append_noflush("%-20s %10lu\n", "PageTables",
                    (uintptr_t)ptoa(inuse_ptepages_count));
#endif
                paniclog_append_noflush("%-20s %10lu\n", "Kalloc.Large",
                    (uintptr_t)kalloc_large_total);

                if (panic_kext_memory_info) {
                        mach_memory_info_t *mem_info = panic_kext_memory_info;
                        paniclog_append_noflush("\n%-5s %10s\n", "Kmod", "Size");
                        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (panic_kext_memory_size / sizeof(mach_zone_info_t)); i++) {
                                if (((mem_info[i].flags & VM_KERN_SITE_TYPE) == VM_KERN_SITE_KMOD) &&
                                    (mem_info[i].size > (1024 * 1024))) {
                                        paniclog_append_noflush("%-5lld %10lld\n", mem_info[i].site, mem_info[i].size);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
}

#if CONFIG_ECC_LOGGING
__private_extern__ void
panic_display_ecc_errors(void)
{
        uint32_t count = ecc_log_get_correction_count();

        if (count > 0) {
                paniclog_append_noflush("ECC Corrections:%u\n", count);
        }
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ECC_LOGGING */

#if CONFIG_ZLEAKS
extern boolean_t        panic_include_ztrace;
extern struct ztrace* top_ztrace;
void panic_print_symbol_name(vm_address_t search);

/*
 * Prints the backtrace most suspected of being a leaker, if we paniced in the zone allocator.
 * top_ztrace and panic_include_ztrace comes from osfmk/kern/zalloc.c
 */
__private_extern__ void
panic_display_ztrace(void)
{
        if (panic_include_ztrace == TRUE) {
                unsigned int i = 0;
                boolean_t keepsyms = FALSE;

                PE_parse_boot_argn("keepsyms", &keepsyms, sizeof(keepsyms));
                struct ztrace top_ztrace_copy;

                /* Make sure not to trip another panic if there's something wrong with memory */
                if (ml_nofault_copy((vm_offset_t)top_ztrace, (vm_offset_t)&top_ztrace_copy, sizeof(struct ztrace)) == sizeof(struct ztrace)) {
                        paniclog_append_noflush("\nBacktrace suspected of leaking: (outstanding bytes: %lu)\n", (uintptr_t)top_ztrace_copy.zt_size);
                        /* Print the backtrace addresses */
                        for (i = 0; (i < top_ztrace_copy.zt_depth && i < MAX_ZTRACE_DEPTH); i++) {
                                paniclog_append_noflush("%p ", top_ztrace_copy.zt_stack[i]);
                                if (keepsyms) {
                                        panic_print_symbol_name((vm_address_t)top_ztrace_copy.zt_stack[i]);
                                }
                                paniclog_append_noflush("\n");
                        }
                        /* Print any kexts in that backtrace, along with their link addresses so we can properly blame them */
                        kmod_panic_dump((vm_offset_t *)&top_ztrace_copy.zt_stack[0], top_ztrace_copy.zt_depth);
                } else {
                        paniclog_append_noflush("\nCan't access top_ztrace...\n");
                }
                paniclog_append_noflush("\n");
        }
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ZLEAKS */

#if !CONFIG_TELEMETRY
int
telemetry_gather(user_addr_t buffer __unused, uint32_t *length __unused, boolean_t mark __unused)
{
        return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
}
#endif

#include <machine/machine_cpu.h>

uint32_t kern_feature_overrides = 0;

boolean_t
kern_feature_override(uint32_t fmask)
{
        if (kern_feature_overrides == 0) {
                uint32_t fdisables = 0;
                /*
                 * Expected to be first invoked early, in a single-threaded
                 * environment
                 */
                if (PE_parse_boot_argn("validation_disables", &fdisables, sizeof(fdisables))) {
                        fdisables |= KF_INITIALIZED;
                        kern_feature_overrides = fdisables;
                } else {
                        kern_feature_overrides |= KF_INITIALIZED;
                }
        }
        return (kern_feature_overrides & fmask) == fmask;
}

boolean_t
on_device_corefile_enabled(void)
{
        assert(startup_phase >= STARTUP_SUB_TUNABLES);
#if CONFIG_KDP_INTERACTIVE_DEBUGGING
        if (debug_boot_arg == 0) {
                return FALSE;
        }
        if (debug_boot_arg & DB_DISABLE_LOCAL_CORE) {
                return FALSE;
        }
#if !XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
        /*
         * outside of macOS, if there's a debug boot-arg set and local
         * cores aren't explicitly disabled, we always write a corefile.
         */
        return TRUE;
#else /* !XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
        /*
         * on macOS, if corefiles on panic are requested and local cores
         * aren't disabled we write a local core.
         */
        if (debug_boot_arg & (DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_NMI | DB_KERN_DUMP_ON_PANIC)) {
                return TRUE;
        }
#endif /* !XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
#endif /* CONFIG_KDP_INTERACTIVE_DEBUGGING */
        return FALSE;
}

boolean_t
panic_stackshot_to_disk_enabled(void)
{
        assert(startup_phase >= STARTUP_SUB_TUNABLES);
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        if (PEGetCoprocessorVersion() < kCoprocessorVersion2) {
                /* Only enabled on pre-Gibraltar machines where it hasn't been disabled explicitly */
                if ((debug_boot_arg != 0) && (debug_boot_arg & DB_DISABLE_STACKSHOT_TO_DISK)) {
                        return FALSE;
                }

                return TRUE;
        }
#endif
        return FALSE;
}

#if DEBUG || DEVELOPMENT
const char *
sysctl_debug_get_preoslog(size_t *size)
{
        int result = 0;
        void *preoslog_pa = NULL;
        int preoslog_size = 0;

        result = IODTGetLoaderInfo("preoslog", &preoslog_pa, &preoslog_size);
        if (result || preoslog_pa == NULL || preoslog_size == 0) {
                kprintf("Couldn't obtain preoslog region: result = %d, preoslog_pa = %p, preoslog_size = %d\n", result, preoslog_pa, preoslog_size);
                *size = 0;
                return NULL;
        }

        /*
         *  Beware:
         *  On release builds, we would need to call IODTFreeLoaderInfo("preoslog", preoslog_pa, preoslog_size) to free the preoslog buffer.
         *  On Development & Debug builds, we retain the buffer so it can be extracted from coredumps.
         */
        *size = preoslog_size;
        return (char *)(ml_static_ptovirt((vm_offset_t)(preoslog_pa)));
}
#endif /* DEBUG || DEVELOPMENT */