xnu-6153.141.1.tar.gz

[apple/xnu.git] / osfmk / i386 / machine_routines.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2012 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 *
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */

#include <i386/machine_routines.h>
#include <i386/io_map_entries.h>
#include <i386/cpuid.h>
#include <i386/fpu.h>
#include <mach/processor.h>
#include <kern/processor.h>
#include <kern/machine.h>

#include <kern/cpu_number.h>
#include <kern/thread.h>
#include <kern/thread_call.h>
#include <kern/policy_internal.h>

#include <prng/random.h>
#include <i386/machine_cpu.h>
#include <i386/lapic.h>
#include <i386/bit_routines.h>
#include <i386/mp_events.h>
#include <i386/pmCPU.h>
#include <i386/trap.h>
#include <i386/tsc.h>
#include <i386/cpu_threads.h>
#include <i386/proc_reg.h>
#include <mach/vm_param.h>
#include <i386/pmap.h>
#include <i386/pmap_internal.h>
#include <i386/misc_protos.h>
#include <kern/timer_queue.h>
#if KPC
#include <kern/kpc.h>
#endif
#include <architecture/i386/pio.h>
#include <i386/cpu_data.h>
#if DEBUG
#define DBG(x...)       kprintf("DBG: " x)
#else
#define DBG(x...)
#endif

#if MONOTONIC
#include <kern/monotonic.h>
#endif /* MONOTONIC */

extern void     wakeup(void *);

static int max_cpus_initialized = 0;

uint64_t        LockTimeOut;
uint64_t        TLBTimeOut;
uint64_t        LockTimeOutTSC;
uint32_t        LockTimeOutUsec;
uint64_t        MutexSpin;
uint64_t        low_MutexSpin;
int64_t         high_MutexSpin;
uint64_t        LastDebuggerEntryAllowance;
uint64_t        delay_spin_threshold;

extern uint64_t panic_restart_timeout;

boolean_t virtualized = FALSE;

decl_simple_lock_data(static, ml_timer_evaluation_slock);
uint32_t ml_timer_eager_evaluations;
uint64_t ml_timer_eager_evaluation_max;
static boolean_t ml_timer_evaluation_in_progress = FALSE;


#define MAX_CPUS_SET    0x1
#define MAX_CPUS_WAIT   0x2

/* IO memory map services */

/* Map memory map IO space */
vm_offset_t
ml_io_map(
        vm_offset_t phys_addr,
        vm_size_t size)
{
        return io_map(phys_addr, size, VM_WIMG_IO);
}

/* boot memory allocation */
vm_offset_t
ml_static_malloc(
        __unused vm_size_t size)
{
        return (vm_offset_t)NULL;
}


void
ml_get_bouncepool_info(vm_offset_t *phys_addr, vm_size_t *size)
{
        *phys_addr = 0;
        *size      = 0;
}


vm_offset_t
ml_static_ptovirt(
        vm_offset_t paddr)
{
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        return (vm_offset_t)(((unsigned long) paddr) | VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS);
#else
        return (vm_offset_t)((paddr) | LINEAR_KERNEL_ADDRESS);
#endif
}

vm_offset_t
ml_static_slide(
        vm_offset_t vaddr)
{
        return VM_KERNEL_SLIDE(vaddr);
}

vm_offset_t
ml_static_unslide(
        vm_offset_t vaddr)
{
        return VM_KERNEL_UNSLIDE(vaddr);
}

/*
 * Reclaim memory, by virtual address, that was used in early boot that is no longer needed
 * by the kernel.
 */
void
ml_static_mfree(
        vm_offset_t vaddr,
        vm_size_t size)
{
        addr64_t vaddr_cur;
        ppnum_t ppn;
        uint32_t freed_pages = 0;
        vm_size_t map_size;

        assert(vaddr >= VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS);

        assert((vaddr & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) == 0); /* must be page aligned */

        for (vaddr_cur = vaddr; vaddr_cur < round_page_64(vaddr + size);) {
                map_size = pmap_query_pagesize(kernel_pmap, vaddr_cur);

                /* just skip if nothing mapped here */
                if (map_size == 0) {
                        vaddr_cur += PAGE_SIZE;
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * Can't free from the middle of a large page.
                 */
                assert((vaddr_cur & (map_size - 1)) == 0);

                ppn = pmap_find_phys(kernel_pmap, vaddr_cur);
                assert(ppn != (ppnum_t)NULL);

                pmap_remove(kernel_pmap, vaddr_cur, vaddr_cur + map_size);
                while (map_size > 0) {
                        if (++kernel_pmap->stats.resident_count > kernel_pmap->stats.resident_max) {
                                kernel_pmap->stats.resident_max = kernel_pmap->stats.resident_count;
                        }

                        assert(pmap_valid_page(ppn));
                        if (IS_MANAGED_PAGE(ppn)) {
                                vm_page_create(ppn, (ppn + 1));
                                freed_pages++;
                        }
                        map_size -= PAGE_SIZE;
                        vaddr_cur += PAGE_SIZE;
                        ppn++;
                }
        }
        vm_page_lockspin_queues();
        vm_page_wire_count -= freed_pages;
        vm_page_wire_count_initial -= freed_pages;
        if (vm_page_wire_count_on_boot != 0) {
                assert(vm_page_wire_count_on_boot >= freed_pages);
                vm_page_wire_count_on_boot -= freed_pages;
        }
        vm_page_unlock_queues();

#if     DEBUG
        kprintf("ml_static_mfree: Released 0x%x pages at VA %p, size:0x%llx, last ppn: 0x%x\n", freed_pages, (void *)vaddr, (uint64_t)size, ppn);
#endif
}


/* virtual to physical on wired pages */
vm_offset_t
ml_vtophys(
        vm_offset_t vaddr)
{
        return (vm_offset_t)kvtophys(vaddr);
}

/*
 *      Routine:        ml_nofault_copy
 *      Function:       Perform a physical mode copy if the source and
 *                      destination have valid translations in the kernel pmap.
 *                      If translations are present, they are assumed to
 *                      be wired; i.e. no attempt is made to guarantee that the
 *                      translations obtained remained valid for
 *                      the duration of the copy process.
 */

vm_size_t
ml_nofault_copy(
        vm_offset_t virtsrc, vm_offset_t virtdst, vm_size_t size)
{
        addr64_t cur_phys_dst, cur_phys_src;
        uint32_t count, nbytes = 0;

        while (size > 0) {
                if (!(cur_phys_src = kvtophys(virtsrc))) {
                        break;
                }
                if (!(cur_phys_dst = kvtophys(virtdst))) {
                        break;
                }
                if (!pmap_valid_page(i386_btop(cur_phys_dst)) || !pmap_valid_page(i386_btop(cur_phys_src))) {
                        break;
                }
                count = (uint32_t)(PAGE_SIZE - (cur_phys_src & PAGE_MASK));
                if (count > (PAGE_SIZE - (cur_phys_dst & PAGE_MASK))) {
                        count = (uint32_t)(PAGE_SIZE - (cur_phys_dst & PAGE_MASK));
                }
                if (count > size) {
                        count = (uint32_t)size;
                }

                bcopy_phys(cur_phys_src, cur_phys_dst, count);

                nbytes += count;
                virtsrc += count;
                virtdst += count;
                size -= count;
        }

        return nbytes;
}

/*
 *      Routine:        ml_validate_nofault
 *      Function: Validate that ths address range has a valid translations
 *                      in the kernel pmap.  If translations are present, they are
 *                      assumed to be wired; i.e. no attempt is made to guarantee
 *                      that the translation persist after the check.
 *  Returns: TRUE if the range is mapped and will not cause a fault,
 *                      FALSE otherwise.
 */

boolean_t
ml_validate_nofault(
        vm_offset_t virtsrc, vm_size_t size)
{
        addr64_t cur_phys_src;
        uint32_t count;

        while (size > 0) {
                if (!(cur_phys_src = kvtophys(virtsrc))) {
                        return FALSE;
                }
                if (!pmap_valid_page(i386_btop(cur_phys_src))) {
                        return FALSE;
                }
                count = (uint32_t)(PAGE_SIZE - (cur_phys_src & PAGE_MASK));
                if (count > size) {
                        count = (uint32_t)size;
                }

                virtsrc += count;
                size -= count;
        }

        return TRUE;
}

/* Interrupt handling */

/* Initialize Interrupts */
void
ml_init_interrupt(void)
{
        (void) ml_set_interrupts_enabled(TRUE);
}


/* Get Interrupts Enabled */
boolean_t
ml_get_interrupts_enabled(void)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        __asm__ volatile ("pushf; pop   %0":  "=r" (flags));
        return (flags & EFL_IF) != 0;
}

/* Set Interrupts Enabled */
boolean_t
ml_set_interrupts_enabled(boolean_t enable)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        boolean_t istate;

        __asm__ volatile ("pushf; pop   %0"  :  "=r" (flags));

        assert(get_interrupt_level() ? (enable == FALSE) : TRUE);

        istate = ((flags & EFL_IF) != 0);

        if (enable) {
                __asm__ volatile ("sti;nop");

                if ((get_preemption_level() == 0) && (*ast_pending() & AST_URGENT)) {
                        __asm__ volatile ("int %0" :: "N" (T_PREEMPT));
                }
        } else {
                if (istate) {
                        __asm__ volatile ("cli");
                }
        }

        return istate;
}

/* Early Set Interrupts Enabled */
boolean_t
ml_early_set_interrupts_enabled(boolean_t enable)
{
        if (enable == TRUE) {
                kprintf("Caller attempted to enable interrupts too early in "
                    "kernel startup. Halting.\n");
                hlt();
                /*NOTREACHED*/
        }

        /* On x86, do not allow interrupts to be enabled very early */
        return FALSE;
}

/* Check if running at interrupt context */
boolean_t
ml_at_interrupt_context(void)
{
        return get_interrupt_level() != 0;
}

void
ml_get_power_state(boolean_t *icp, boolean_t *pidlep)
{
        *icp = (get_interrupt_level() != 0);
        /* These will be technically inaccurate for interrupts that occur
         * successively within a single "idle exit" event, but shouldn't
         * matter statistically.
         */
        *pidlep = (current_cpu_datap()->lcpu.package->num_idle == topoParms.nLThreadsPerPackage);
}

/* Generate a fake interrupt */
__dead2
void
ml_cause_interrupt(void)
{
        panic("ml_cause_interrupt not defined yet on Intel");
}

/*
 * TODO: transition users of this to kernel_thread_start_priority
 * ml_thread_policy is an unsupported KPI
 */
void
ml_thread_policy(
        thread_t thread,
        __unused        unsigned policy_id,
        unsigned policy_info)
{
        if (policy_info & MACHINE_NETWORK_WORKLOOP) {
                thread_precedence_policy_data_t info;
                __assert_only kern_return_t kret;

                info.importance = 1;

                kret = thread_policy_set_internal(thread, THREAD_PRECEDENCE_POLICY,
                    (thread_policy_t)&info,
                    THREAD_PRECEDENCE_POLICY_COUNT);
                assert(kret == KERN_SUCCESS);
        }
}

/* Initialize Interrupts */
void
ml_install_interrupt_handler(
        void *nub,
        int source,
        void *target,
        IOInterruptHandler handler,
        void *refCon)
{
        boolean_t current_state;

        current_state = ml_set_interrupts_enabled(FALSE);

        PE_install_interrupt_handler(nub, source, target,
            (IOInterruptHandler) handler, refCon);

        (void) ml_set_interrupts_enabled(current_state);

        initialize_screen(NULL, kPEAcquireScreen);
}


void
machine_signal_idle(
        processor_t processor)
{
        cpu_interrupt(processor->cpu_id);
}

__dead2
void
machine_signal_idle_deferred(
        __unused processor_t processor)
{
        panic("Unimplemented");
}

__dead2
void
machine_signal_idle_cancel(
        __unused processor_t processor)
{
        panic("Unimplemented");
}

static kern_return_t
register_cpu(
        uint32_t        lapic_id,
        processor_t     *processor_out,
        boolean_t       boot_cpu )
{
        int             target_cpu;
        cpu_data_t      *this_cpu_datap;

        this_cpu_datap = cpu_data_alloc(boot_cpu);
        if (this_cpu_datap == NULL) {
                return KERN_FAILURE;
        }
        target_cpu = this_cpu_datap->cpu_number;
        assert((boot_cpu && (target_cpu == 0)) ||
            (!boot_cpu && (target_cpu != 0)));

        lapic_cpu_map(lapic_id, target_cpu);

        /* The cpu_id is not known at registration phase. Just do
         * lapic_id for now
         */
        this_cpu_datap->cpu_phys_number = lapic_id;

        this_cpu_datap->cpu_console_buf = console_cpu_alloc(boot_cpu);
        if (this_cpu_datap->cpu_console_buf == NULL) {
                goto failed;
        }

#if KPC
        if (kpc_register_cpu(this_cpu_datap) != TRUE) {
                goto failed;
        }
#endif

        if (!boot_cpu) {
                cpu_thread_alloc(this_cpu_datap->cpu_number);
                if (this_cpu_datap->lcpu.core == NULL) {
                        goto failed;
                }

#if NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
                this_cpu_datap->cpu_pmap = pmap_cpu_alloc(boot_cpu);
                if (this_cpu_datap->cpu_pmap == NULL) {
                        goto failed;
                }
#endif

                this_cpu_datap->cpu_processor = cpu_processor_alloc(boot_cpu);
                if (this_cpu_datap->cpu_processor == NULL) {
                        goto failed;
                }
                /*
                 * processor_init() deferred to topology start
                 * because "slot numbers" a.k.a. logical processor numbers
                 * are not yet finalized.
                 */
        }

        *processor_out = this_cpu_datap->cpu_processor;

        return KERN_SUCCESS;

failed:
        cpu_processor_free(this_cpu_datap->cpu_processor);
#if NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
        pmap_cpu_free(this_cpu_datap->cpu_pmap);
#endif
        console_cpu_free(this_cpu_datap->cpu_console_buf);
#if KPC
        kpc_unregister_cpu(this_cpu_datap);
#endif /* KPC */

        return KERN_FAILURE;
}


kern_return_t
ml_processor_register(
        cpu_id_t        cpu_id,
        uint32_t        lapic_id,
        processor_t     *processor_out,
        boolean_t       boot_cpu,
        boolean_t       start )
{
        static boolean_t done_topo_sort = FALSE;
        static uint32_t num_registered = 0;

        /* Register all CPUs first, and track max */
        if (start == FALSE) {
                num_registered++;

                DBG( "registering CPU lapic id %d\n", lapic_id );

                return register_cpu( lapic_id, processor_out, boot_cpu );
        }

        /* Sort by topology before we start anything */
        if (!done_topo_sort) {
                DBG( "about to start CPUs. %d registered\n", num_registered );

                cpu_topology_sort( num_registered );
                done_topo_sort = TRUE;
        }

        /* Assign the cpu ID */
        uint32_t cpunum = -1;
        cpu_data_t  *this_cpu_datap = NULL;

        /* find cpu num and pointer */
        cpunum = ml_get_cpuid( lapic_id );

        if (cpunum == 0xFFFFFFFF) { /* never heard of it? */
                panic( "trying to start invalid/unregistered CPU %d\n", lapic_id );
        }

        this_cpu_datap = cpu_datap(cpunum);

        /* fix the CPU id */
        this_cpu_datap->cpu_id = cpu_id;

        /* allocate and initialize other per-cpu structures */
        if (!boot_cpu) {
                mp_cpus_call_cpu_init(cpunum);
                random_cpu_init(cpunum);
        }

        /* output arg */
        *processor_out = this_cpu_datap->cpu_processor;

        /* OK, try and start this CPU */
        return cpu_topology_start_cpu( cpunum );
}


void
ml_cpu_get_info(ml_cpu_info_t *cpu_infop)
{
        boolean_t       os_supports_sse;
        i386_cpu_info_t *cpuid_infop;

        if (cpu_infop == NULL) {
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Are we supporting MMX/SSE/SSE2/SSE3?
         * As distinct from whether the cpu has these capabilities.
         */
        os_supports_sse = !!(get_cr4() & CR4_OSXMM);

        if (ml_fpu_avx_enabled()) {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 9;
        } else if ((cpuid_features() & CPUID_FEATURE_SSE4_2) && os_supports_sse) {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 8;
        } else if ((cpuid_features() & CPUID_FEATURE_SSE4_1) && os_supports_sse) {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 7;
        } else if ((cpuid_features() & CPUID_FEATURE_SSSE3) && os_supports_sse) {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 6;
        } else if ((cpuid_features() & CPUID_FEATURE_SSE3) && os_supports_sse) {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 5;
        } else if ((cpuid_features() & CPUID_FEATURE_SSE2) && os_supports_sse) {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 4;
        } else if ((cpuid_features() & CPUID_FEATURE_SSE) && os_supports_sse) {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 3;
        } else if (cpuid_features() & CPUID_FEATURE_MMX) {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 2;
        } else {
                cpu_infop->vector_unit = 0;
        }

        cpuid_infop  = cpuid_info();

        cpu_infop->cache_line_size = cpuid_infop->cache_linesize;

        cpu_infop->l1_icache_size = cpuid_infop->cache_size[L1I];
        cpu_infop->l1_dcache_size = cpuid_infop->cache_size[L1D];

        if (cpuid_infop->cache_size[L2U] > 0) {
                cpu_infop->l2_settings = 1;
                cpu_infop->l2_cache_size = cpuid_infop->cache_size[L2U];
        } else {
                cpu_infop->l2_settings = 0;
                cpu_infop->l2_cache_size = 0xFFFFFFFF;
        }

        if (cpuid_infop->cache_size[L3U] > 0) {
                cpu_infop->l3_settings = 1;
                cpu_infop->l3_cache_size = cpuid_infop->cache_size[L3U];
        } else {
                cpu_infop->l3_settings = 0;
                cpu_infop->l3_cache_size = 0xFFFFFFFF;
        }
}

void
ml_init_max_cpus(unsigned long max_cpus)
{
        boolean_t current_state;

        current_state = ml_set_interrupts_enabled(FALSE);
        if (max_cpus_initialized != MAX_CPUS_SET) {
                if (max_cpus > 0 && max_cpus <= MAX_CPUS) {
                        /*
                         * Note: max_cpus is the number of enabled processors
                         * that ACPI found; max_ncpus is the maximum number
                         * that the kernel supports or that the "cpus="
                         * boot-arg has set. Here we take int minimum.
                         */
                        machine_info.max_cpus = (integer_t)MIN(max_cpus, max_ncpus);
                }
                if (max_cpus_initialized == MAX_CPUS_WAIT) {
                        wakeup((event_t)&max_cpus_initialized);
                }
                max_cpus_initialized = MAX_CPUS_SET;
        }
        (void) ml_set_interrupts_enabled(current_state);
}

int
ml_get_max_cpus(void)
{
        boolean_t current_state;

        current_state = ml_set_interrupts_enabled(FALSE);
        if (max_cpus_initialized != MAX_CPUS_SET) {
                max_cpus_initialized = MAX_CPUS_WAIT;
                assert_wait((event_t)&max_cpus_initialized, THREAD_UNINT);
                (void)thread_block(THREAD_CONTINUE_NULL);
        }
        (void) ml_set_interrupts_enabled(current_state);
        return machine_info.max_cpus;
}

boolean_t
ml_wants_panic_trap_to_debugger(void)
{
        return FALSE;
}

void
ml_panic_trap_to_debugger(__unused const char *panic_format_str,
    __unused va_list *panic_args,
    __unused unsigned int reason,
    __unused void *ctx,
    __unused uint64_t panic_options_mask,
    __unused unsigned long panic_caller)
{
        return;
}

/*
 *      Routine:        ml_init_lock_timeout
 *      Function:
 */
void
ml_init_lock_timeout(void)
{
        uint64_t        abstime;
        uint32_t        mtxspin;
#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
        uint64_t        default_timeout_ns = NSEC_PER_SEC >> 2;
#else
        uint64_t        default_timeout_ns = NSEC_PER_SEC >> 1;
#endif
        uint32_t        slto;
        uint32_t        prt;

        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("slto_us", &slto, sizeof(slto))) {
                default_timeout_ns = slto * NSEC_PER_USEC;
        }

        /*
         * LockTimeOut is absolutetime, LockTimeOutTSC is in TSC ticks,
         * and LockTimeOutUsec is in microseconds and it's 32-bits.
         */
        LockTimeOutUsec = (uint32_t) (default_timeout_ns / NSEC_PER_USEC);
        nanoseconds_to_absolutetime(default_timeout_ns, &abstime);
        LockTimeOut = abstime;
        LockTimeOutTSC = tmrCvt(abstime, tscFCvtn2t);

        /*
         * TLBTimeOut dictates the TLB flush timeout period. It defaults to
         * LockTimeOut but can be overriden separately. In particular, a
         * zero value inhibits the timeout-panic and cuts a trace evnt instead
         * - see pmap_flush_tlbs().
         */
        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("tlbto_us", &slto, sizeof(slto))) {
                default_timeout_ns = slto * NSEC_PER_USEC;
                nanoseconds_to_absolutetime(default_timeout_ns, &abstime);
                TLBTimeOut = (uint32_t) abstime;
        } else {
                TLBTimeOut = LockTimeOut;
        }

#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
        reportphyreaddelayabs = LockTimeOut >> 1;
#endif
        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("phyreadmaxus", &slto, sizeof(slto))) {
                default_timeout_ns = slto * NSEC_PER_USEC;
                nanoseconds_to_absolutetime(default_timeout_ns, &abstime);
                reportphyreaddelayabs = abstime;
        }

        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("phywritemaxus", &slto, sizeof(slto))) {
                nanoseconds_to_absolutetime((uint64_t)slto * NSEC_PER_USEC, &abstime);
                reportphywritedelayabs = abstime;
        }

        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("tracephyreadus", &slto, sizeof(slto))) {
                nanoseconds_to_absolutetime((uint64_t)slto * NSEC_PER_USEC, &abstime);
                tracephyreaddelayabs = abstime;
        }

        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("tracephywriteus", &slto, sizeof(slto))) {
                nanoseconds_to_absolutetime((uint64_t)slto * NSEC_PER_USEC, &abstime);
                tracephywritedelayabs = abstime;
        }

        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("mtxspin", &mtxspin, sizeof(mtxspin))) {
                if (mtxspin > USEC_PER_SEC >> 4) {
                        mtxspin =  USEC_PER_SEC >> 4;
                }
                nanoseconds_to_absolutetime(mtxspin * NSEC_PER_USEC, &abstime);
        } else {
                nanoseconds_to_absolutetime(10 * NSEC_PER_USEC, &abstime);
        }
        MutexSpin = (unsigned int)abstime;
        low_MutexSpin = MutexSpin;
        /*
         * high_MutexSpin should be initialized as low_MutexSpin * real_ncpus, but
         * real_ncpus is not set at this time
         */
        high_MutexSpin = -1;

        nanoseconds_to_absolutetime(4ULL * NSEC_PER_SEC, &LastDebuggerEntryAllowance);
        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("panic_restart_timeout", &prt, sizeof(prt))) {
                nanoseconds_to_absolutetime(prt * NSEC_PER_SEC, &panic_restart_timeout);
        }

        virtualized = ((cpuid_features() & CPUID_FEATURE_VMM) != 0);
        if (virtualized) {
                int     vti;

                if (!PE_parse_boot_argn("vti", &vti, sizeof(vti))) {
                        vti = 6;
                }
                printf("Timeouts adjusted for virtualization (<<%d)\n", vti);
                kprintf("Timeouts adjusted for virtualization (<<%d):\n", vti);
#define VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE64(_timeout)                     \
MACRO_BEGIN                                                     \
        kprintf("%24s: 0x%016llx ", #_timeout, _timeout);       \
        _timeout <<= vti;                                       \
        kprintf("-> 0x%016llx\n",  _timeout);                   \
MACRO_END
#define VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE32(_timeout)                     \
MACRO_BEGIN                                                     \
        kprintf("%24s:         0x%08x ", #_timeout, _timeout);  \
        if ((_timeout <<vti) >> vti == _timeout)                \
                _timeout <<= vti;                               \
        else                                                    \
                _timeout = ~0; /* cap rather than overflow */   \
        kprintf("-> 0x%08x\n",  _timeout);                      \
MACRO_END
                VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE32(LockTimeOutUsec);
                VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE64(LockTimeOut);
                VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE64(LockTimeOutTSC);
                VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE64(TLBTimeOut);
                VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE64(MutexSpin);
                VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE64(low_MutexSpin);
                VIRTUAL_TIMEOUT_INFLATE64(reportphyreaddelayabs);
        }

        interrupt_latency_tracker_setup();
        simple_lock_init(&ml_timer_evaluation_slock, 0);
}

/*
 * Threshold above which we should attempt to block
 * instead of spinning for clock_delay_until().
 */

void
ml_init_delay_spin_threshold(int threshold_us)
{
        nanoseconds_to_absolutetime(threshold_us * NSEC_PER_USEC, &delay_spin_threshold);
}

boolean_t
ml_delay_should_spin(uint64_t interval)
{
        return (interval < delay_spin_threshold) ? TRUE : FALSE;
}

uint32_t yield_delay_us = 0;

void
ml_delay_on_yield(void)
{
#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
        if (yield_delay_us) {
                delay(yield_delay_us);
        }
#endif
}

/*
 * This is called from the machine-independent layer
 * to perform machine-dependent info updates. Defer to cpu_thread_init().
 */
void
ml_cpu_up(void)
{
        return;
}

/*
 * This is called from the machine-independent layer
 * to perform machine-dependent info updates.
 */
void
ml_cpu_down(void)
{
        i386_deactivate_cpu();

        return;
}

/*
 * The following are required for parts of the kernel
 * that cannot resolve these functions as inlines:
 */
extern thread_t current_act(void) __attribute__((const));
thread_t
current_act(void)
{
        return current_thread_fast();
}

#undef current_thread
extern thread_t current_thread(void) __attribute__((const));
thread_t
current_thread(void)
{
        return current_thread_fast();
}


boolean_t
ml_is64bit(void)
{
        return cpu_mode_is64bit();
}


boolean_t
ml_thread_is64bit(thread_t thread)
{
        return thread_is_64bit_addr(thread);
}


boolean_t
ml_state_is64bit(void *saved_state)
{
        return is_saved_state64(saved_state);
}

void
ml_cpu_set_ldt(int selector)
{
        /*
         * Avoid loading the LDT
         * if we're setting the KERNEL LDT and it's already set.
         */
        if (selector == KERNEL_LDT &&
            current_cpu_datap()->cpu_ldt == KERNEL_LDT) {
                return;
        }

        lldt(selector);
        current_cpu_datap()->cpu_ldt = selector;
}

void
ml_fp_setvalid(boolean_t value)
{
        fp_setvalid(value);
}

uint64_t
ml_cpu_int_event_time(void)
{
        return current_cpu_datap()->cpu_int_event_time;
}

vm_offset_t
ml_stack_remaining(void)
{
        uintptr_t local = (uintptr_t) &local;

        if (ml_at_interrupt_context() != 0) {
                return local - (current_cpu_datap()->cpu_int_stack_top - INTSTACK_SIZE);
        } else {
                return local - current_thread()->kernel_stack;
        }
}

#if KASAN
vm_offset_t ml_stack_base(void);
vm_size_t ml_stack_size(void);

vm_offset_t
ml_stack_base(void)
{
        if (ml_at_interrupt_context()) {
                return current_cpu_datap()->cpu_int_stack_top - INTSTACK_SIZE;
        } else {
                return current_thread()->kernel_stack;
        }
}

vm_size_t
ml_stack_size(void)
{
        if (ml_at_interrupt_context()) {
                return INTSTACK_SIZE;
        } else {
                return kernel_stack_size;
        }
}
#endif

void
kernel_preempt_check(void)
{
        boolean_t       intr;
        unsigned long flags;

        assert(get_preemption_level() == 0);

        if (__improbable(*ast_pending() & AST_URGENT)) {
                /*
                 * can handle interrupts and preemptions
                 * at this point
                 */
                __asm__ volatile ("pushf; pop   %0"  :  "=r" (flags));

                intr = ((flags & EFL_IF) != 0);

                /*
                 * now cause the PRE-EMPTION trap
                 */
                if (intr == TRUE) {
                        __asm__ volatile ("int %0" :: "N" (T_PREEMPT));
                }
        }
}

boolean_t
machine_timeout_suspended(void)
{
        return pmap_tlb_flush_timeout || spinlock_timed_out || panic_active() || mp_recent_debugger_activity() || ml_recent_wake();
}

/* Eagerly evaluate all pending timer and thread callouts
 */
void
ml_timer_evaluate(void)
{
        KERNEL_DEBUG_CONSTANT(DECR_TIMER_RESCAN | DBG_FUNC_START, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);

        uint64_t te_end, te_start = mach_absolute_time();
        simple_lock(&ml_timer_evaluation_slock, LCK_GRP_NULL);
        ml_timer_evaluation_in_progress = TRUE;
        thread_call_delayed_timer_rescan_all();
        mp_cpus_call(CPUMASK_ALL, ASYNC, timer_queue_expire_rescan, NULL);
        ml_timer_evaluation_in_progress = FALSE;
        ml_timer_eager_evaluations++;
        te_end = mach_absolute_time();
        ml_timer_eager_evaluation_max = MAX(ml_timer_eager_evaluation_max, (te_end - te_start));
        simple_unlock(&ml_timer_evaluation_slock);

        KERNEL_DEBUG_CONSTANT(DECR_TIMER_RESCAN | DBG_FUNC_END, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}

boolean_t
ml_timer_forced_evaluation(void)
{
        return ml_timer_evaluation_in_progress;
}

/* 32-bit right-rotate n bits */
static inline uint32_t
ror32(uint32_t val, const unsigned int n)
{
        __asm__ volatile ("rorl %%cl,%0" : "=r" (val) : "0" (val), "c" (n));
        return val;
}

void
ml_entropy_collect(void)
{
        uint32_t        tsc_lo, tsc_hi;
        uint32_t        *ep;

        assert(cpu_number() == master_cpu);

        /* update buffer pointer cyclically */
        ep = EntropyData.buffer + (EntropyData.sample_count & ENTROPY_BUFFER_INDEX_MASK);
        EntropyData.sample_count += 1;

        rdtsc_nofence(tsc_lo, tsc_hi);
        *ep = ror32(*ep, 9) ^ tsc_lo;
}

uint64_t
ml_energy_stat(__unused thread_t t)
{
        return 0;
}

void
ml_gpu_stat_update(uint64_t gpu_ns_delta)
{
        current_thread()->machine.thread_gpu_ns += gpu_ns_delta;
}

uint64_t
ml_gpu_stat(thread_t t)
{
        return t->machine.thread_gpu_ns;
}

int plctrace_enabled = 0;

void
_disable_preemption(void)
{
        disable_preemption_internal();
}

void
_enable_preemption(void)
{
        enable_preemption_internal();
}

void
plctrace_disable(void)
{
        plctrace_enabled = 0;
}

static boolean_t ml_quiescing;

void
ml_set_is_quiescing(boolean_t quiescing)
{
        assert(FALSE == ml_get_interrupts_enabled());
        ml_quiescing = quiescing;
}

boolean_t
ml_is_quiescing(void)
{
        assert(FALSE == ml_get_interrupts_enabled());
        return ml_quiescing;
}

uint64_t
ml_get_booter_memory_size(void)
{
        return 0;
}