xnu-7195.101.1.tar.gz

[apple/xnu.git] / bsd / dev / dtrace / blist.c

/*
 * BLIST.C -    Bitmap allocator/deallocator, using a radix tree with hinting
 *
 *      (c)Copyright 1998, Matthew Dillon.  Terms for use and redistribution
 *      are covered by the BSD Copyright as found in /usr/src/COPYRIGHT.
 *
 *      This module implements a general bitmap allocator/deallocator.  The
 *      allocator eats around 2 bits per 'block'.  The module does not
 *      try to interpret the meaning of a 'block' other then to return
 *      SWAPBLK_NONE on an allocation failure.
 *
 *      A radix tree is used to maintain the bitmap.  Two radix constants are
 *      involved:  One for the bitmaps contained in the leaf nodes (typically
 *      32), and one for the meta nodes (typically 16).  Both meta and leaf
 *      nodes have a hint field.  This field gives us a hint as to the largest
 *      free contiguous range of blocks under the node.  It may contain a
 *      value that is too high, but will never contain a value that is too
 *      low.  When the radix tree is searched, allocation failures in subtrees
 *      update the hint.
 *
 *      The radix tree also implements two collapsed states for meta nodes:
 *      the ALL-ALLOCATED state and the ALL-FREE state.  If a meta node is
 *      in either of these two states, all information contained underneath
 *      the node is considered stale.  These states are used to optimize
 *      allocation and freeing operations.
 *
 *      The hinting greatly increases code efficiency for allocations while
 *      the general radix structure optimizes both allocations and frees.  The
 *      radix tree should be able to operate well no matter how much
 *      fragmentation there is and no matter how large a bitmap is used.
 *
 *      Unlike the rlist code, the blist code wires all necessary memory at
 *      creation time.  Neither allocations nor frees require interaction with
 *      the memory subsystem.  In contrast, the rlist code may allocate memory
 *      on an rlist_free() call.  The non-blocking features of the blist code
 *      are used to great advantage in the swap code (vm/nswap_pager.c).  The
 *      rlist code uses a little less overall memory then the blist code (but
 *      due to swap interleaving not all that much less), but the blist code
 *      scales much, much better.
 *
 *      LAYOUT: The radix tree is layed out recursively using a
 *      linear array.  Each meta node is immediately followed (layed out
 *      sequentially in memory) by BLIST_META_RADIX lower level nodes.  This
 *      is a recursive structure but one that can be easily scanned through
 *      a very simple 'skip' calculation.  In order to support large radixes,
 *      portions of the tree may reside outside our memory allocation.  We
 *      handle this with an early-termination optimization (when bighint is
 *      set to -1) on the scan.  The memory allocation is only large enough
 *      to cover the number of blocks requested at creation time even if it
 *      must be encompassed in larger root-node radix.
 *
 *      NOTE: the allocator cannot currently allocate more then
 *      BLIST_BMAP_RADIX blocks per call.  It will panic with 'allocation too
 *      large' if you try.  This is an area that could use improvement.  The
 *      radix is large enough that this restriction does not effect the swap
 *      system, though.  Currently only the allocation code is effected by
 *      this algorithmic unfeature.  The freeing code can handle arbitrary
 *      ranges.
 *
 *      This code can be compiled stand-alone for debugging.
 *
 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/kern/subr_blist.c,v 1.5.2.1 2000/03/17 10:47:29 ps Exp $
 */

typedef unsigned int u_daddr_t;

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include "blist.h"
#include <sys/malloc.h>

#if !defined(__APPLE__)
#define SWAPBLK_NONE ((daddr_t)-1)
#endif

#define malloc _MALLOC
#define free _FREE
#define M_SWAP M_TEMP

/*
 * static support functions
 */

static daddr_t blst_leaf_alloc(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t blk, int count);
static daddr_t blst_meta_alloc(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t blk,
    daddr_t count, daddr_t radix, int skip);
static void blst_leaf_free(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t relblk, int count);
static void blst_meta_free(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t freeBlk, daddr_t count,
    daddr_t radix, int skip, daddr_t blk);
static void blst_copy(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t blk, daddr_t radix,
    daddr_t skip, blist_t dest, daddr_t count);
static daddr_t  blst_radix_init(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t radix,
    int skip, daddr_t count);

/*
 * blist_create() - create a blist capable of handling up to the specified
 *                  number of blocks
 *
 *      blocks must be greater then 0
 *
 *      The smallest blist consists of a single leaf node capable of
 *      managing BLIST_BMAP_RADIX blocks.
 */

blist_t
blist_create(daddr_t blocks)
{
        blist_t bl;
        int radix;
        int skip = 0;

        /*
         * Calculate radix and skip field used for scanning.
         */
        radix = BLIST_BMAP_RADIX;

        while (radix < blocks) {
                radix <<= BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT;
                skip = (skip + 1) << BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT;
        }

        bl = malloc(sizeof(struct blist), M_SWAP, M_WAITOK);

        bzero(bl, sizeof(*bl));

        bl->bl_blocks = blocks;
        bl->bl_radix = radix;
        bl->bl_skip = skip;
        bl->bl_rootblks = 1 +
            blst_radix_init(NULL, bl->bl_radix, bl->bl_skip, blocks);
        bl->bl_root = malloc(sizeof(blmeta_t) * bl->bl_rootblks, M_SWAP, M_WAITOK);

#if defined(BLIST_DEBUG)
        printf(
                "BLIST representing %d blocks (%d MB of swap)"
                ", requiring %dK of ram\n",
                bl->bl_blocks,
                bl->bl_blocks * 4 / 1024,
                (bl->bl_rootblks * sizeof(blmeta_t) + 1023) / 1024
                );
        printf("BLIST raw radix tree contains %d records\n", bl->bl_rootblks);
#endif
        blst_radix_init(bl->bl_root, bl->bl_radix, bl->bl_skip, blocks);

        return bl;
}

void
blist_destroy(blist_t bl)
{
        free(bl->bl_root, M_SWAP);
        free(bl, M_SWAP);
}

/*
 * blist_alloc() - reserve space in the block bitmap.  Return the base
 *                   of a contiguous region or SWAPBLK_NONE if space could
 *                   not be allocated.
 */

daddr_t
blist_alloc(blist_t bl, daddr_t count)
{
        daddr_t blk = SWAPBLK_NONE;

        if (bl) {
                if (bl->bl_radix == BLIST_BMAP_RADIX) {
                        blk = blst_leaf_alloc(bl->bl_root, 0, count);
                } else {
                        blk = blst_meta_alloc(bl->bl_root, 0, count,
                            bl->bl_radix, bl->bl_skip);
                }
                if (blk != SWAPBLK_NONE) {
                        bl->bl_free -= count;
                }
        }
        return blk;
}

/*
 * blist_free() -       free up space in the block bitmap.  Return the base
 *                      of a contiguous region.  Panic if an inconsistancy is
 *                      found.
 */

void
blist_free(blist_t bl, daddr_t blkno, daddr_t count)
{
        if (bl) {
                if (bl->bl_radix == BLIST_BMAP_RADIX) {
                        blst_leaf_free(bl->bl_root, blkno, count);
                } else {
                        blst_meta_free(bl->bl_root, blkno, count,
                            bl->bl_radix, bl->bl_skip, 0);
                }
                bl->bl_free += count;
        }
}

/*
 * blist_resize() -     resize an existing radix tree to handle the
 *                      specified number of blocks.  This will reallocate
 *                      the tree and transfer the previous bitmap to the new
 *                      one.  When extending the tree you can specify whether
 *                      the new blocks are to left allocated or freed.
 */

void
blist_resize(blist_t *pbl, daddr_t count, int freenew)
{
        blist_t newbl = blist_create(count);
        blist_t save = *pbl;

        *pbl = newbl;
        if (count > save->bl_blocks) {
                count = save->bl_blocks;
        }
        blst_copy(save->bl_root, 0, save->bl_radix, save->bl_skip, newbl, count);

        /*
         * If resizing upwards, should we free the new space or not?
         */
        if (freenew && count < newbl->bl_blocks) {
                blist_free(newbl, count, newbl->bl_blocks - count);
        }
        blist_destroy(save);
}

#ifdef BLIST_DEBUG

/*
 * blist_print()    - dump radix tree
 */

void
blist_print(blist_t bl)
{
        printf("BLIST {\n");
        blst_radix_print(bl->bl_root, 0, bl->bl_radix, bl->bl_skip, 4);
        printf("}\n");
}

#endif

/************************************************************************
 *                        ALLOCATION SUPPORT FUNCTIONS                  *
 ************************************************************************
 *
 *      These support functions do all the actual work.  They may seem
 *      rather longish, but that's because I've commented them up.  The
 *      actual code is straight forward.
 *
 */

/*
 * blist_leaf_alloc() - allocate at a leaf in the radix tree (a bitmap).
 *
 *      This is the core of the allocator and is optimized for the 1 block
 *      and the BLIST_BMAP_RADIX block allocation cases.  Other cases are
 *      somewhat slower.  The 1 block allocation case is log2 and extremely
 *      quick.
 */

static daddr_t
blst_leaf_alloc(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t blk, int count)
{
        u_daddr_t orig = scan->u.bmu_bitmap;

        if (orig == 0) {
                /*
                 * Optimize bitmap all-allocated case.  Also, count = 1
                 * case assumes at least 1 bit is free in the bitmap, so
                 * we have to take care of this case here.
                 */
                scan->bm_bighint = 0;
                return SWAPBLK_NONE;
        }
        if (count == 1) {
                /*
                 * Optimized code to allocate one bit out of the bitmap
                 */
                u_daddr_t mask;
                int j = BLIST_BMAP_RADIX / 2;
                int r = 0;

                mask = (u_daddr_t)-1 >> (BLIST_BMAP_RADIX / 2);

                while (j) {
                        if ((orig & mask) == 0) {
                                r += j;
                                orig >>= j;
                        }
                        j >>= 1;
                        mask >>= j;
                }
                scan->u.bmu_bitmap &= ~(1 << r);
                return blk + r;
        }
#if !defined(__APPLE__)
        if (count <= BLIST_BMAP_RADIX) {
#else
        if (count <= (int)BLIST_BMAP_RADIX) {
#endif /* __APPLE__ */
                /*
                 * non-optimized code to allocate N bits out of the bitmap.
                 * The more bits, the faster the code runs.  It will run
                 * the slowest allocating 2 bits, but since there aren't any
                 * memory ops in the core loop (or shouldn't be, anyway),
                 * you probably won't notice the difference.
                 */
                int j;
                int n = BLIST_BMAP_RADIX - count;
                u_daddr_t mask;

                mask = (u_daddr_t)-1 >> n;

                for (j = 0; j <= n; ++j) {
                        if ((orig & mask) == mask) {
                                scan->u.bmu_bitmap &= ~mask;
                                return blk + j;
                        }
                        mask = (mask << 1);
                }
        }
        /*
         * We couldn't allocate count in this subtree, update bighint.
         */
        scan->bm_bighint = count - 1;
        return SWAPBLK_NONE;
}

/*
 * blist_meta_alloc() - allocate at a meta in the radix tree.
 *
 *      Attempt to allocate at a meta node.  If we can't, we update
 *      bighint and return a failure.  Updating bighint optimize future
 *      calls that hit this node.  We have to check for our collapse cases
 *      and we have a few optimizations strewn in as well.
 */

static daddr_t
blst_meta_alloc(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t blk, daddr_t count, daddr_t radix,
    int skip)
{
        int i;
        int next_skip = (skip >> BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT);

        if (scan->u.bmu_avail == 0) {
                /*
                 * ALL-ALLOCATED special case
                 */
                scan->bm_bighint = count;
                return SWAPBLK_NONE;
        }

        if (scan->u.bmu_avail == radix) {
                radix >>= BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT;

                /*
                 * ALL-FREE special case, initialize uninitialize
                 * sublevel.
                 */
                for (i = 1; i <= skip; i += next_skip) {
                        if (scan[i].bm_bighint == (daddr_t)-1) {
                                break;
                        }
                        if (next_skip == 1) {
                                scan[i].u.bmu_bitmap = (u_daddr_t)-1;
                                scan[i].bm_bighint = BLIST_BMAP_RADIX;
                        } else {
                                scan[i].bm_bighint = radix;
                                scan[i].u.bmu_avail = radix;
                        }
                }
        } else {
                radix >>= BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT;
        }

        for (i = 1; i <= skip; i += next_skip) {
                if (count <= scan[i].bm_bighint) {
                        /*
                         * count fits in object
                         */
                        daddr_t r;
                        if (next_skip == 1) {
                                r = blst_leaf_alloc(&scan[i], blk, count);
                        } else {
                                r = blst_meta_alloc(&scan[i], blk, count,
                                    radix, next_skip - 1);
                        }
                        if (r != SWAPBLK_NONE) {
                                scan->u.bmu_avail -= count;
                                if (scan->bm_bighint > scan->u.bmu_avail) {
                                        scan->bm_bighint = scan->u.bmu_avail;
                                }
                                return r;
                        }
                } else if (scan[i].bm_bighint == (daddr_t)-1) {
                        /*
                         * Terminator
                         */
                        break;
                } else if (count > radix) {
                        /*
                         * count does not fit in object even if it were
                         * complete free.
                         */
                        panic("blist_meta_alloc: allocation too large");
                }
                blk += radix;
        }

        /*
         * We couldn't allocate count in this subtree, update bighint.
         */
        if (scan->bm_bighint >= count) {
                scan->bm_bighint = count - 1;
        }
        return SWAPBLK_NONE;
}

/*
 * BLST_LEAF_FREE() -   free allocated block from leaf bitmap
 *
 */

static void
blst_leaf_free(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t blk, int count)
{
        /*
         * free some data in this bitmap
         *
         * e.g.
         *      0000111111111110000
         *          \_________/\__/
         *              v        n
         */
        int n = blk & (BLIST_BMAP_RADIX - 1);
        u_daddr_t mask;

        mask = ((u_daddr_t)-1 << n) &
            ((u_daddr_t)-1 >> (BLIST_BMAP_RADIX - count - n));

        if (scan->u.bmu_bitmap & mask) {
                panic("blst_radix_free: freeing free block");
        }
        scan->u.bmu_bitmap |= mask;

        /*
         * We could probably do a better job here.  We are required to make
         * bighint at least as large as the biggest contiguous block of
         * data.  If we just shoehorn it, a little extra overhead will
         * be incured on the next allocation (but only that one typically).
         */
        scan->bm_bighint = BLIST_BMAP_RADIX;
}

/*
 * BLST_META_FREE() - free allocated blocks from radix tree meta info
 *
 *      This support routine frees a range of blocks from the bitmap.
 *      The range must be entirely enclosed by this radix node.  If a
 *      meta node, we break the range down recursively to free blocks
 *      in subnodes (which means that this code can free an arbitrary
 *      range whereas the allocation code cannot allocate an arbitrary
 *      range).
 */

static void
blst_meta_free(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t freeBlk, daddr_t count, daddr_t radix,
    int skip, daddr_t blk)
{
        int i;
        int next_skip = (skip >> BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT);

#if 0
        printf("FREE (%x,%d) FROM (%x,%d)\n",
            freeBlk, count,
            blk, radix
            );
#endif

        if (scan->u.bmu_avail == 0) {
                /*
                 * ALL-ALLOCATED special case, with possible
                 * shortcut to ALL-FREE special case.
                 */
                scan->u.bmu_avail = count;
                scan->bm_bighint = count;

                if (count != radix) {
                        for (i = 1; i <= skip; i += next_skip) {
                                if (scan[i].bm_bighint == (daddr_t)-1) {
                                        break;
                                }
                                scan[i].bm_bighint = 0;
                                if (next_skip == 1) {
                                        scan[i].u.bmu_bitmap = 0;
                                } else {
                                        scan[i].u.bmu_avail = 0;
                                }
                        }
                        /* fall through */
                }
        } else {
                scan->u.bmu_avail += count;
                /* scan->bm_bighint = radix; */
        }

        /*
         * ALL-FREE special case.
         */

        if (scan->u.bmu_avail == radix) {
                return;
        }
        if (scan->u.bmu_avail > radix) {
                panic("blst_meta_free: freeing already free blocks (%d) %d/%d", count, scan->u.bmu_avail, radix);
        }

        /*
         * Break the free down into its components
         */

        radix >>= BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT;

        i = (freeBlk - blk) / radix;
        blk += i * radix;
        i = i * next_skip + 1;

        while (i <= skip && blk < freeBlk + count) {
                daddr_t v;

                v = blk + radix - freeBlk;
                if (v > count) {
                        v = count;
                }

                if (scan->bm_bighint == (daddr_t)-1) {
                        panic("blst_meta_free: freeing unexpected range");
                }

                if (next_skip == 1) {
                        blst_leaf_free(&scan[i], freeBlk, v);
                } else {
                        blst_meta_free(&scan[i], freeBlk, v, radix,
                            next_skip - 1, blk);
                }
                if (scan->bm_bighint < scan[i].bm_bighint) {
                        scan->bm_bighint = scan[i].bm_bighint;
                }
                count -= v;
                freeBlk += v;
                blk += radix;
                i += next_skip;
        }
}

/*
 * BLIST_RADIX_COPY() - copy one radix tree to another
 *
 *      Locates free space in the source tree and frees it in the destination
 *      tree.  The space may not already be free in the destination.
 */

static void
blst_copy(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t blk, daddr_t radix,
    daddr_t skip, blist_t dest, daddr_t count)
{
        int next_skip;
        int i;

        /*
         * Leaf node
         */

        if (radix == BLIST_BMAP_RADIX) {
                u_daddr_t v = scan->u.bmu_bitmap;

                if (v == (u_daddr_t)-1) {
                        blist_free(dest, blk, count);
                } else if (v != 0) {
#if !defined(__APPLE__)
                        int i;

                        for (i = 0; i < BLIST_BMAP_RADIX && i < count; ++i) {
                                if (v & (1 << i)) {
                                        blist_free(dest, blk + i, 1);
                                }
                        }
#else
                        int j;   /* Avoid shadow warnings */

                        for (j = 0; j < (int)BLIST_BMAP_RADIX && j < count; ++j) {
                                if (v & (1 << j)) {
                                        blist_free(dest, blk + j, 1);
                                }
                        }
#endif /* __APPLE__ */
                }
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Meta node
         */

        /*
         * Source all allocated, leave dest allocated
         */
        if (scan->u.bmu_avail == 0) {
                return;
        }
        if (scan->u.bmu_avail == radix) {
                /*
                 * Source all free, free entire dest
                 */
                if (count < radix) {
                        blist_free(dest, blk, count);
                } else {
                        blist_free(dest, blk, radix);
                }
                return;
        }

        radix >>= BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT;
        next_skip = (skip >> BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT);

        for (i = 1; count && i <= skip; i += next_skip) {
                if (scan[i].bm_bighint == (daddr_t)-1) {
                        break;
                }

                if (count >= radix) {
                        blst_copy(
                                &scan[i],
                                blk,
                                radix,
                                next_skip - 1,
                                dest,
                                radix
                                );
                        count -= radix;
                } else {
                        if (count) {
                                blst_copy(
                                        &scan[i],
                                        blk,
                                        radix,
                                        next_skip - 1,
                                        dest,
                                        count
                                        );
                        }
                        count = 0;
                }
                blk += radix;
        }
}

/*
 * BLST_RADIX_INIT() - initialize radix tree
 *
 *      Initialize our meta structures and bitmaps and calculate the exact
 *      amount of space required to manage 'count' blocks - this space may
 *      be considerably less then the calculated radix due to the large
 *      RADIX values we use.
 */

static daddr_t
blst_radix_init(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t radix, int skip, daddr_t count)
{
        int i;
        int next_skip;
        daddr_t memindex = 0;

        /*
         * Leaf node
         */

        if (radix == BLIST_BMAP_RADIX) {
                if (scan) {
                        scan->bm_bighint = 0;
                        scan->u.bmu_bitmap = 0;
                }
                return memindex;
        }

        /*
         * Meta node.  If allocating the entire object we can special
         * case it.  However, we need to figure out how much memory
         * is required to manage 'count' blocks, so we continue on anyway.
         */

        if (scan) {
                scan->bm_bighint = 0;
                scan->u.bmu_avail = 0;
        }

        radix >>= BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT;
        next_skip = (skip >> BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT);

        for (i = 1; i <= skip; i += next_skip) {
                if (count >= radix) {
                        /*
                         * Allocate the entire object
                         */
                        memindex = i + blst_radix_init(
                                ((scan) ? &scan[i] : NULL),
                                radix,
                                next_skip - 1,
                                radix
                                );
                        count -= radix;
                } else if (count > 0) {
                        /*
                         * Allocate a partial object
                         */
                        memindex = i + blst_radix_init(
                                ((scan) ? &scan[i] : NULL),
                                radix,
                                next_skip - 1,
                                count
                                );
                        count = 0;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Add terminator and break out
                         */
                        if (scan) {
                                scan[i].bm_bighint = (daddr_t)-1;
                        }
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (memindex < i) {
                memindex = i;
        }
        return memindex;
}

#ifdef BLIST_DEBUG

static void
blst_radix_print(blmeta_t *scan, daddr_t blk, daddr_t radix, int skip, int tab)
{
        int i;
        int next_skip;
        int lastState = 0;

        if (radix == BLIST_BMAP_RADIX) {
                printf(
                        "%*.*s(%04x,%d): bitmap %08x big=%d\n",
                        tab, tab, "",
                        blk, radix,
                        scan->u.bmu_bitmap,
                        scan->bm_bighint
                        );
                return;
        }

        if (scan->u.bmu_avail == 0) {
                printf(
                        "%*.*s(%04x,%d) ALL ALLOCATED\n",
                        tab, tab, "",
                        blk,
                        radix
                        );
                return;
        }
        if (scan->u.bmu_avail == radix) {
                printf(
                        "%*.*s(%04x,%d) ALL FREE\n",
                        tab, tab, "",
                        blk,
                        radix
                        );
                return;
        }

        printf(
                "%*.*s(%04x,%d): subtree (%d/%d) big=%d {\n",
                tab, tab, "",
                blk, radix,
                scan->u.bmu_avail,
                radix,
                scan->bm_bighint
                );

        radix >>= BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT;
        next_skip = (skip >> BLIST_META_RADIX_SHIFT);
        tab += 4;

        for (i = 1; i <= skip; i += next_skip) {
                if (scan[i].bm_bighint == (daddr_t)-1) {
                        printf(
                                "%*.*s(%04x,%d): Terminator\n",
                                tab, tab, "",
                                blk, radix
                                );
                        lastState = 0;
                        break;
                }
                blst_radix_print(
                        &scan[i],
                        blk,
                        radix,
                        next_skip - 1,
                        tab
                        );
                blk += radix;
        }
        tab -= 4;

        printf(
                "%*.*s}\n",
                tab, tab, ""
                );
}

#endif

#ifdef BLIST_DEBUG

int
main(int ac, char **av)
{
        int size = 1024;
        int i;
        blist_t bl;

        for (i = 1; i < ac; ++i) {
                const char *ptr = av[i];
                if (*ptr != '-') {
                        size = strtol(ptr, NULL, 0);
                        continue;
                }
                ptr += 2;
                fprintf(stderr, "Bad option: %s\n", ptr - 2);
                exit(1);
        }
        bl = blist_create(size);
        blist_free(bl, 0, size);

        for (;;) {
                char buf[1024];
                daddr_t da = 0;
                daddr_t count = 0;


                printf("%d/%d/%d> ", bl->bl_free, size, bl->bl_radix);
                fflush(stdout);
                if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL) {
                        break;
                }
                switch (buf[0]) {
                case 'r':
                        if (sscanf(buf + 1, "%d", &count) == 1) {
                                blist_resize(&bl, count, 1);
                        } else {
                                printf("?\n");
                        }
                case 'p':
                        blist_print(bl);
                        break;
                case 'a':
                        if (sscanf(buf + 1, "%d", &count) == 1) {
                                daddr_t blk = blist_alloc(bl, count);
                                printf("    R=%04x\n", blk);
                        } else {
                                printf("?\n");
                        }
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        if (sscanf(buf + 1, "%x %d", &da, &count) == 2) {
                                blist_free(bl, da, count);
                        } else {
                                printf("?\n");
                        }
                        break;
                case '?':
                case 'h':
                        puts(
                                "p          -print\n"
                                "a %d       -allocate\n"
                                "f %x %d    -free\n"
                                "r %d       -resize\n"
                                "h/?        -help"
                                );
                        break;
                default:
                        printf("?\n");
                        break;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

void
panic(const char *ctl, ...)
{
        va_list va;

        va_start(va, ctl);
        vfprintf(stderr, ctl, va);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        va_end(va);
        exit(1);
}

#endif