osfmk/kern/startup.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2000-2010 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
   3  *
   4  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
   5  *
   6  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
   7  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
   8  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
   9  * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
  10  * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
  11  * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
  12  * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
  13  * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
  14  *
  15  * Please obtain a copy of the License at
  16  * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
  17  *
  18  * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
  19  * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  20  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
  21  * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  22  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
  23  * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
  24  * limitations under the License.
  25  *
  26  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
  27  */
  28 /*
  29  * @OSF_COPYRIGHT@
  30  */
  31 /*
  32  * Mach Operating System
  33  * Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989,1988 Carnegie Mellon University
  34  * All Rights Reserved.
  35  *
  36  * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
  37  * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
  38  * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
  39  * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
  40  * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
  41  *
  42  * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
  43  * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
  44  * ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  45  *
  46  * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
  47  *
  48  *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
  49  *  School of Computer Science
  50  *  Carnegie Mellon University
  51  *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
  52  *
  53  * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
  54  * the rights to redistribute these changes.
  55  */
  56 /*
  57  * NOTICE: This file was modified by McAfee Research in 2004 to introduce
  58  * support for mandatory and extensible security protections.  This notice
  59  * is included in support of clause 2.2 (b) of the Apple Public License,
  60  * Version 2.0.
  61  */
  62 /*
  63  */
  64
  65 /*
  66  *      Mach kernel startup.
  67  */
  68
  69 #include <debug.h>
  70 #include <xpr_debug.h>
  71 #include <mach_kdp.h>
  72
  73 #include <mach/boolean.h>
  74 #include <mach/machine.h>
  75 #include <mach/thread_act.h>
  76 #include <mach/task_special_ports.h>
  77 #include <mach/vm_param.h>
  78 #include <ipc/ipc_init.h>
  79 #include <kern/assert.h>
  80 #include <kern/mach_param.h>
  81 #include <kern/misc_protos.h>
  82 #include <kern/clock.h>
  83 #include <kern/coalition.h>
  84 #include <kern/cpu_number.h>
  85 #include <kern/ledger.h>
  86 #include <kern/machine.h>
  87 #include <kern/processor.h>
  88 #include <kern/sched_prim.h>
  89 #include <kern/sfi.h>
  90 #include <kern/startup.h>
  91 #include <kern/task.h>
  92 #include <kern/thread.h>
  93 #include <kern/timer.h>
  94 #if CONFIG_TELEMETRY
  95 #include <kern/telemetry.h>
  96 #endif
  97 #include <kern/wait_queue.h>
  98 #include <kern/xpr.h>
  99 #include <kern/zalloc.h>
 100 #include <kern/locks.h>
 101 #include <prng/random.h>
 102 #include <console/serial_protos.h>
 103 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
 104 #include <vm/vm_init.h>
 105 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
 106 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
 107 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
 108 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
 109 #include <vm/vm_shared_region.h>
 110 #include <machine/pmap.h>
 111 #include <machine/commpage.h>
 112 #include <libkern/version.h>
 113 #include <sys/codesign.h>
 114 #include <sys/kdebug.h>
 115 #include <sys/random.h>
 116
 117 #if CONFIG_ATM
 118 #include <atm/atm_internal.h>
 119 #endif
 120
 121 #if CONFIG_CSR
 122 #include <sys/csr.h>
 123 #endif
 124
 125 #if CONFIG_BANK
 126 #include <bank/bank_internal.h>
 127 #endif
 128
 129 #if ALTERNATE_DEBUGGER
 130 #include <arm64/alternate_debugger.h>
 131 #endif
 132
 133 #if MACH_KDP
 134 #include <kdp/kdp.h>
 135 #endif
 136
 137 #if CONFIG_MACF
 138 #include <security/mac_mach_internal.h>
 139 #endif
 140
 141 #if CONFIG_COUNTERS
 142 #include <pmc/pmc.h>
 143 #endif
 144
 145 #if KPC
 146 #include <kern/kpc.h>
 147 #endif
 148
 149 #if KPERF
 150 #include <kperf/kperf.h>
 151 #endif
 152
 153 #if HYPERVISOR
 154 #include <kern/hv_support.h>
 155 #endif
 156
 157
 158 #include <i386/pmCPU.h>
 159 static void             kernel_bootstrap_thread(void);
 160
 161 static void             load_context(
 162                                         thread_t        thread);
 163 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 164 extern void cpu_userwindow_init(int);
 165 extern void cpu_physwindow_init(int);
 166 #endif
 167
 168 #if CONFIG_ECC_LOGGING
 169 #include <kern/ecc.h>
 170 #endif
 171
 172 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && CONFIG_VMX
 173 #include <i386/vmx/vmx_cpu.h>
 174 #endif
 175
 176 // libkern/OSKextLib.cpp
 177 extern void     OSKextRemoveKextBootstrap(void);
 178
 179 void scale_setup(void);
 180 extern void bsd_scale_setup(int);
 181 extern unsigned int semaphore_max;
 182 extern void stackshot_lock_init(void);
 183
 184 /*
 185  *      Running in virtual memory, on the interrupt stack.
 186  */
 187
 188 extern int serverperfmode;
 189
 190 /* size of kernel trace buffer, disabled by default */
 191 unsigned int new_nkdbufs = 0;
 192 unsigned int wake_nkdbufs = 0;
 193 unsigned int write_trace_on_panic = 0;
 194 unsigned int trace_typefilter = 0;
 195 boolean_t    trace_serial = FALSE;
 196
 197 /* mach leak logging */
 198 int log_leaks = 0;
 199 int turn_on_log_leaks = 0;
 200
 201 static inline void
 202 kernel_bootstrap_log(const char *message)
 203 {
 204 //      kprintf("kernel_bootstrap: %s\n", message);
 205         kernel_debug_string(message);
 206 }
 207
 208 static inline void
 209 kernel_bootstrap_thread_log(const char *message)
 210 {
 211 //      kprintf("kernel_bootstrap_thread: %s\n", message);
 212         kernel_debug_string(message);
 213 }
 214
 215 void
 216 kernel_early_bootstrap(void)
 217 {
 218         /* serverperfmode is needed by timer setup */
 219         if (PE_parse_boot_argn("serverperfmode", &serverperfmode, sizeof (serverperfmode))) {
 220                 serverperfmode = 1;
 221         }
 222
 223         lck_mod_init();
 224
 225         /*
 226          * Initialize the timer callout world
 227          */
 228         timer_call_init();
 229
 230         /*
 231          * Configure SFI classes
 232          */
 233         sfi_early_init();
 234 }
 235
 236
 237 void
 238 kernel_bootstrap(void)
 239 {
 240         kern_return_t   result;
 241         thread_t        thread;
 242         char            namep[16];
 243
 244         printf("%s\n", version); /* log kernel version */
 245
 246         if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-l", namep, sizeof (namep))) /* leaks logging */
 247                 turn_on_log_leaks = 1;
 248
 249         PE_parse_boot_argn("trace", &new_nkdbufs, sizeof (new_nkdbufs));
 250         PE_parse_boot_argn("trace_wake", &wake_nkdbufs, sizeof (wake_nkdbufs));
 251         PE_parse_boot_argn("trace_panic", &write_trace_on_panic, sizeof(write_trace_on_panic));
 252         PE_parse_boot_argn("trace_typefilter", &trace_typefilter, sizeof(trace_typefilter));
 253
 254         scale_setup();
 255
 256         kernel_bootstrap_log("vm_mem_bootstrap");
 257         vm_mem_bootstrap();
 258
 259         kernel_bootstrap_log("cs_init");
 260         cs_init();
 261
 262         kernel_bootstrap_log("vm_mem_init");
 263         vm_mem_init();
 264
 265         machine_info.memory_size = (uint32_t)mem_size;
 266         machine_info.max_mem = max_mem;
 267         machine_info.major_version = version_major;
 268         machine_info.minor_version = version_minor;
 269
 270 #if CONFIG_TELEMETRY
 271         kernel_bootstrap_log("telemetry_init");
 272         telemetry_init();
 273 #endif
 274
 275         kernel_bootstrap_log("stackshot_lock_init");
 276         stackshot_lock_init();
 277
 278         kernel_bootstrap_log("sched_init");
 279         sched_init();
 280
 281         kernel_bootstrap_log("wait_queue_bootstrap");
 282         wait_queue_bootstrap();
 283
 284         kernel_bootstrap_log("ipc_bootstrap");
 285         ipc_bootstrap();
 286
 287 #if CONFIG_MACF
 288         mac_policy_init();
 289 #endif
 290         kernel_bootstrap_log("ipc_init");
 291         ipc_init();
 292
 293         /*
 294          * As soon as the virtual memory system is up, we record
 295          * that this CPU is using the kernel pmap.
 296          */
 297         kernel_bootstrap_log("PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL");
 298         PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL(master_cpu);
 299
 300         kernel_bootstrap_log("mapping_free_prime");
 301         mapping_free_prime();                                           /* Load up with temporary mapping blocks */
 302
 303         kernel_bootstrap_log("machine_init");
 304         machine_init();
 305
 306         kernel_bootstrap_log("clock_init");
 307         clock_init();
 308
 309         ledger_init();
 310
 311         /*
 312          *      Initialize the IPC, task, and thread subsystems.
 313          */
 314 #if CONFIG_COALITIONS
 315         kernel_bootstrap_log("coalition_init");
 316         coalition_init();
 317 #endif
 318
 319         kernel_bootstrap_log("task_init");
 320         task_init();
 321
 322         kernel_bootstrap_log("thread_init");
 323         thread_init();
 324
 325 #if CONFIG_ATM
 326         /* Initialize the Activity Trace Resource Manager. */
 327         kernel_bootstrap_log("atm_init");
 328         atm_init();
 329 #endif
 330
 331 #if CONFIG_CSR
 332         kernel_bootstrap_log("csr_init");
 333         csr_init();
 334 #endif
 335
 336 #if CONFIG_BANK
 337         /* Initialize the BANK Manager. */
 338         kernel_bootstrap_log("bank_init");
 339         bank_init();
 340 #endif
 341
 342         /*
 343          *      Create a kernel thread to execute the kernel bootstrap.
 344          */
 345         kernel_bootstrap_log("kernel_thread_create");
 346         result = kernel_thread_create((thread_continue_t)kernel_bootstrap_thread, NULL, MAXPRI_KERNEL, &thread);
 347
 348         if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) panic("kernel_bootstrap: result = %08X\n", result);
 349
 350         thread->state = TH_RUN;
 351         thread_deallocate(thread);
 352
 353         kernel_bootstrap_log("load_context - done");
 354         load_context(thread);
 355         /*NOTREACHED*/
 356 }
 357
 358 int kth_started = 0;
 359
 360 vm_offset_t vm_kernel_addrperm;
 361 vm_offset_t buf_kernel_addrperm;
 362
 363 /*
 364  * Now running in a thread.  Kick off other services,
 365  * invoke user bootstrap, enter pageout loop.
 366  */
 367 static void
 368 kernel_bootstrap_thread(void)
 369 {
 370         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 371
 372 #define kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("kernel_bootstrap_thread: " x) */
 373         kernel_bootstrap_thread_log("idle_thread_create");
 374         /*
 375          * Create the idle processor thread.
 376          */
 377         idle_thread_create(processor);
 378
 379         /*
 380          * N.B. Do not stick anything else
 381          * before this point.
 382          *
 383          * Start up the scheduler services.
 384          */
 385         kernel_bootstrap_thread_log("sched_startup");
 386         sched_startup();
 387
 388         /*
 389          * Thread lifecycle maintenance (teardown, stack allocation)
 390          */
 391         kernel_bootstrap_thread_log("thread_daemon_init");
 392         thread_daemon_init();
 393
 394         /* Create kernel map entry reserve */
 395         vm_kernel_reserved_entry_init();
 396
 397         /*
 398          * Thread callout service.
 399          */
 400         kernel_bootstrap_thread_log("thread_call_initialize");
 401         thread_call_initialize();
 402
 403         /*
 404          * Remain on current processor as
 405          * additional processors come online.
 406          */
 407         kernel_bootstrap_thread_log("thread_bind");
 408         thread_bind(processor);
 409
 410         /*
 411          * Initialize ipc thread call support.
 412          */
 413         kernel_bootstrap_thread_log("ipc_thread_call_init");
 414         ipc_thread_call_init();
 415
 416         /*
 417          * Kick off memory mapping adjustments.
 418          */
 419         kernel_bootstrap_thread_log("mapping_adjust");
 420         mapping_adjust();
 421
 422         /*
 423          *      Create the clock service.
 424          */
 425         kernel_bootstrap_thread_log("clock_service_create");
 426         clock_service_create();
 427
 428         /*
 429          *      Create the device service.
 430          */
 431         device_service_create();
 432
 433         kth_started = 1;
 434
 435 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 436         /*
 437          * Create and initialize the physical copy window for processor 0
 438          * This is required before starting kicking off  IOKit.
 439          */
 440         cpu_physwindow_init(0);
 441 #endif
 442
 443
 444
 445 #if MACH_KDP
 446         kernel_bootstrap_log("kdp_init");
 447         kdp_init();
 448 #endif
 449
 450 #if ALTERNATE_DEBUGGER
 451         alternate_debugger_init();
 452 #endif
 453
 454 #if CONFIG_COUNTERS
 455         pmc_bootstrap();
 456 #endif
 457
 458 #if KPC
 459         kpc_init();
 460 #endif
 461
 462 #if CONFIG_ECC_LOGGING
 463         ecc_log_init();
 464 #endif
 465
 466 #if KPERF
 467         kperf_bootstrap();
 468 #endif
 469
 470 #if HYPERVISOR
 471         hv_support_init();
 472 #endif
 473
 474 #if CONFIG_TELEMETRY
 475         kernel_bootstrap_log("bootprofile_init");
 476         bootprofile_init();
 477 #endif
 478
 479 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && CONFIG_VMX
 480         vmx_init();
 481 #endif
 482
 483 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
 484         if (kdebug_serial) {
 485                 new_nkdbufs = 1;
 486                 if (trace_typefilter == 0)
 487                         trace_typefilter = 1;
 488         }
 489         if (turn_on_log_leaks && !new_nkdbufs)
 490                 new_nkdbufs = 200000;
 491         if (trace_typefilter)
 492                 start_kern_tracing_with_typefilter(new_nkdbufs,
 493                                                    FALSE,
 494                                                    trace_typefilter);
 495         else
 496                 start_kern_tracing(new_nkdbufs, FALSE);
 497         if (turn_on_log_leaks)
 498                 log_leaks = 1;
 499
 500 #endif
 501
 502         kernel_bootstrap_log("prng_init");
 503         prng_cpu_init(master_cpu);
 504
 505 #ifdef  IOKIT
 506         PE_init_iokit();
 507 #endif
 508
 509         assert(ml_get_interrupts_enabled() == FALSE);
 510         (void) spllo();         /* Allow interruptions */
 511
 512 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 513         /*
 514          * Create and initialize the copy window for processor 0
 515          * This also allocates window space for all other processors.
 516          * However, this is dependent on the number of processors - so this call
 517          * must be after IOKit has been started because IOKit performs processor
 518          * discovery.
 519          */
 520         cpu_userwindow_init(0);
 521 #endif
 522
 523 #if (!defined(__i386__) && !defined(__x86_64__))
 524         if (turn_on_log_leaks && !new_nkdbufs)
 525                 new_nkdbufs = 200000;
 526         if (trace_typefilter)
 527                 start_kern_tracing_with_typefilter(new_nkdbufs, FALSE, trace_typefilter);
 528         else
 529                 start_kern_tracing(new_nkdbufs, FALSE);
 530         if (turn_on_log_leaks)
 531                 log_leaks = 1;
 532 #endif
 533
 534         /*
 535          *      Initialize the shared region module.
 536          */
 537         vm_shared_region_init();
 538         vm_commpage_init();
 539         vm_commpage_text_init();
 540
 541
 542 #if CONFIG_MACF
 543         kernel_bootstrap_log("mac_policy_initmach");
 544         mac_policy_initmach();
 545 #endif
 546
 547         kernel_bootstrap_log("sfi_init");
 548         sfi_init();
 549
 550         /*
 551          * Initialize the global used for permuting kernel
 552          * addresses that may be exported to userland as tokens
 553          * using VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(). Force the random number
 554          * to be odd to avoid mapping a non-zero
 555          * word-aligned address to zero via addition.
 556          * Note: at this stage we can use the cryptographically secure PRNG
 557          * rather than early_random().
 558          */
 559         read_random(&vm_kernel_addrperm, sizeof(vm_kernel_addrperm));
 560         vm_kernel_addrperm |= 1;
 561         read_random(&buf_kernel_addrperm, sizeof(buf_kernel_addrperm));
 562         buf_kernel_addrperm |= 1;
 563
 564         /*
 565          *      Start the user bootstrap.
 566          */
 567 #ifdef  MACH_BSD
 568         bsd_init();
 569 #endif
 570
 571     /*
 572      * Get rid of segments used to bootstrap kext loading. This removes
 573      * the KLD, PRELINK symtab, LINKEDIT, and symtab segments/load commands.
 574      */
 575         OSKextRemoveKextBootstrap();
 576
 577         serial_keyboard_init();         /* Start serial keyboard if wanted */
 578
 579         vm_page_init_local_q();
 580
 581         thread_bind(PROCESSOR_NULL);
 582
 583         /*
 584          *      Become the pageout daemon.
 585          */
 586         vm_pageout();
 587         /*NOTREACHED*/
 588 }
 589
 590 /*
 591  *      slave_main:
 592  *
 593  *      Load the first thread to start a processor.
 594  */
 595 void
 596 slave_main(void *machine_param)
 597 {
 598         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 599         thread_t                thread;
 600
 601         /*
 602          *      Use the idle processor thread if there
 603          *      is no dedicated start up thread.
 604          */
 605         if (processor->next_thread == THREAD_NULL) {
 606                 thread = processor->idle_thread;
 607                 thread->continuation = (thread_continue_t)processor_start_thread;
 608                 thread->parameter = machine_param;
 609         }
 610         else {
 611                 thread = processor->next_thread;
 612                 processor->next_thread = THREAD_NULL;
 613         }
 614
 615         load_context(thread);
 616         /*NOTREACHED*/
 617 }
 618
 619 /*
 620  *      processor_start_thread:
 621  *
 622  *      First thread to execute on a started processor.
 623  *
 624  *      Called at splsched.
 625  */
 626 void
 627 processor_start_thread(void *machine_param)
 628 {
 629         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 630         thread_t                self = current_thread();
 631
 632         slave_machine_init(machine_param);
 633
 634         /*
 635          *      If running the idle processor thread,
 636          *      reenter the idle loop, else terminate.
 637          */
 638         if (self == processor->idle_thread)
 639                 thread_block((thread_continue_t)idle_thread);
 640
 641         thread_terminate(self);
 642         /*NOTREACHED*/
 643 }
 644
 645 /*
 646  *      load_context:
 647  *
 648  *      Start the first thread on a processor.
 649  */
 650 static void
 651 load_context(
 652         thread_t                thread)
 653 {
 654         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 655
 656
 657 #define load_context_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("load_context: " x) */
 658
 659         load_context_kprintf("machine_set_current_thread\n");
 660         machine_set_current_thread(thread);
 661
 662         load_context_kprintf("processor_up\n");
 663         processor_up(processor);
 664
 665         PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL(processor->cpu_id);
 666
 667         /*
 668          * Acquire a stack if none attached.  The panic
 669          * should never occur since the thread is expected
 670          * to have reserved stack.
 671          */
 672         load_context_kprintf("thread %p, stack %lx, stackptr %lx\n", thread,
 673                              thread->kernel_stack, thread->machine.kstackptr);
 674         if (!thread->kernel_stack) {
 675                 load_context_kprintf("stack_alloc_try\n");
 676                 if (!stack_alloc_try(thread))
 677                         panic("load_context");
 678         }
 679
 680         /*
 681          * The idle processor threads are not counted as
 682          * running for load calculations.
 683          */
 684         if (!(thread->state & TH_IDLE))
 685                 sched_run_incr(thread);
 686
 687         processor->active_thread = thread;
 688         processor->current_pri = thread->sched_pri;
 689         processor->current_thmode = thread->sched_mode;
 690         processor->deadline = UINT64_MAX;
 691         thread->last_processor = processor;
 692
 693         processor->last_dispatch = mach_absolute_time();
 694         timer_start(&thread->system_timer, processor->last_dispatch);
 695         PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, thread_timer) = PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, kernel_timer) = &thread->system_timer;
 696
 697         timer_start(&PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, system_state), processor->last_dispatch);
 698         PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, current_state) = &PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, system_state);
 699
 700         PMAP_ACTIVATE_USER(thread, processor->cpu_id);
 701
 702         load_context_kprintf("machine_load_context\n");
 703         machine_load_context(thread);
 704         /*NOTREACHED*/
 705 }
 706
 707 void
 708 scale_setup()
 709 {
 710         int scale = 0;
 711 #if defined(__LP64__)
 712         typeof(task_max) task_max_base = task_max;
 713
 714         /* Raise limits for servers with >= 16G */
 715         if ((serverperfmode != 0) && ((uint64_t)sane_size >= (uint64_t)(16 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL))) {
 716                 scale = (int)((uint64_t)sane_size / (uint64_t)(8 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL));
 717                 /* limit to 128 G */
 718                 if (scale > 16)
 719                         scale = 16;
 720                 task_max_base = 2500;
 721         } else if ((uint64_t)sane_size >= (uint64_t)(3 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL))
 722                 scale = 2;
 723
 724         task_max = MAX(task_max, task_max_base * scale);
 725
 726         if (scale != 0) {
 727                 task_threadmax = task_max;
 728                 thread_max = task_max * 5;
 729         }
 730
 731 #endif
 732
 733         bsd_scale_setup(scale);
 734
 735         ipc_space_max = SPACE_MAX;
 736         ipc_port_max = PORT_MAX;
 737         ipc_pset_max = SET_MAX;
 738         semaphore_max = SEMAPHORE_MAX;
 739 }
 740