osfmk/kern/startup.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2000-2010 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
   3  *
   4  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
   5  *
   6  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
   7  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
   8  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
   9  * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
  10  * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
  11  * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
  12  * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
  13  * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
  14  *
  15  * Please obtain a copy of the License at
  16  * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
  17  *
  18  * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
  19  * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  20  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
  21  * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  22  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
  23  * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
  24  * limitations under the License.
  25  *
  26  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
  27  */
  28 /*
  29  * @OSF_COPYRIGHT@
  30  */
  31 /*
  32  * Mach Operating System
  33  * Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989,1988 Carnegie Mellon University
  34  * All Rights Reserved.
  35  *
  36  * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
  37  * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
  38  * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
  39  * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
  40  * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
  41  *
  42  * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
  43  * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
  44  * ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  45  *
  46  * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
  47  *
  48  *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
  49  *  School of Computer Science
  50  *  Carnegie Mellon University
  51  *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
  52  *
  53  * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
  54  * the rights to redistribute these changes.
  55  */
  56 /*
  57  * NOTICE: This file was modified by McAfee Research in 2004 to introduce
  58  * support for mandatory and extensible security protections.  This notice
  59  * is included in support of clause 2.2 (b) of the Apple Public License,
  60  * Version 2.0.
  61  */
  62 /*
  63  */
  64
  65 /*
  66  *      Mach kernel startup.
  67  */
  68
  69 #include <debug.h>
  70 #include <xpr_debug.h>
  71 #include <mach_kdp.h>
  72
  73 #include <mach/boolean.h>
  74 #include <mach/machine.h>
  75 #include <mach/thread_act.h>
  76 #include <mach/task_special_ports.h>
  77 #include <mach/vm_param.h>
  78 #include <ipc/ipc_init.h>
  79 #include <kern/assert.h>
  80 #include <kern/mach_param.h>
  81 #include <kern/misc_protos.h>
  82 #include <kern/clock.h>
  83 #include <kern/cpu_number.h>
  84 #include <kern/ledger.h>
  85 #include <kern/machine.h>
  86 #include <kern/processor.h>
  87 #include <kern/sched_prim.h>
  88 #include <kern/startup.h>
  89 #include <kern/task.h>
  90 #include <kern/thread.h>
  91 #include <kern/timer.h>
  92 #include <kern/wait_queue.h>
  93 #include <kern/xpr.h>
  94 #include <kern/zalloc.h>
  95 #include <kern/locks.h>
  96 #include <console/serial_protos.h>
  97 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
  98 #include <vm/vm_init.h>
  99 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
 100 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
 101 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
 102 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
 103 #include <vm/vm_shared_region.h>
 104 #include <machine/pmap.h>
 105 #include <machine/commpage.h>
 106 #include <libkern/version.h>
 107 #include <sys/kdebug.h>
 108
 109 #if MACH_KDP
 110 #include <kdp/kdp.h>
 111 #endif
 112
 113 #if CONFIG_MACF
 114 #include <security/mac_mach_internal.h>
 115 #endif
 116
 117 #if CONFIG_COUNTERS
 118 #include <pmc/pmc.h>
 119 #endif
 120
 121 static void             kernel_bootstrap_thread(void);
 122
 123 static void             load_context(
 124                                         thread_t        thread);
 125 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 126 extern void cpu_userwindow_init(int);
 127 extern void cpu_physwindow_init(int);
 128 #endif
 129
 130 // libkern/OSKextLib.cpp
 131 extern void     OSKextRemoveKextBootstrap(void);
 132
 133 void scale_setup(void);
 134 extern void bsd_scale_setup(int);
 135 extern unsigned int semaphore_max;
 136
 137 /*
 138  *      Running in virtual memory, on the interrupt stack.
 139  */
 140
 141 extern int serverperfmode;
 142
 143 /* size of kernel trace buffer, disabled by default */
 144 unsigned int new_nkdbufs = 0;
 145
 146 /* mach leak logging */
 147 int log_leaks = 0;
 148 int turn_on_log_leaks = 0;
 149
 150
 151 void
 152 kernel_early_bootstrap(void)
 153 {
 154
 155         lck_mod_init();
 156
 157         /*
 158          * Initialize the timer callout world
 159          */
 160         timer_call_initialize();
 161 }
 162
 163
 164 void
 165 kernel_bootstrap(void)
 166 {
 167         kern_return_t   result;
 168         thread_t        thread;
 169         char            namep[16];
 170
 171         printf("%s\n", version); /* log kernel version */
 172
 173 #define kernel_bootstrap_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("kernel_bootstrap: " x) */
 174
 175         if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-l", namep, sizeof (namep))) /* leaks logging */
 176                 turn_on_log_leaks = 1;
 177
 178         PE_parse_boot_argn("trace", &new_nkdbufs, sizeof (new_nkdbufs));
 179
 180         /* i386_vm_init already checks for this ; do it aagin anyway */
 181         if (PE_parse_boot_argn("serverperfmode", &serverperfmode, sizeof (serverperfmode))) {
 182                 serverperfmode = 1;
 183         }
 184         scale_setup();
 185
 186         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling vm_mem_bootstrap\n");
 187         vm_mem_bootstrap();
 188
 189         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling vm_mem_init\n");
 190         vm_mem_init();
 191
 192         machine_info.memory_size = (uint32_t)mem_size;
 193         machine_info.max_mem = max_mem;
 194         machine_info.major_version = version_major;
 195         machine_info.minor_version = version_minor;
 196
 197         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling sched_init\n");
 198         sched_init();
 199
 200         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling wait_queue_bootstrap\n");
 201         wait_queue_bootstrap();
 202
 203         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling ipc_bootstrap\n");
 204         ipc_bootstrap();
 205
 206 #if CONFIG_MACF
 207         mac_policy_init();
 208 #endif
 209         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling ipc_init\n");
 210         ipc_init();
 211
 212         /*
 213          * As soon as the virtual memory system is up, we record
 214          * that this CPU is using the kernel pmap.
 215          */
 216         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL\n");
 217         PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL(master_cpu);
 218
 219         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling mapping_free_prime\n");
 220         mapping_free_prime();                                           /* Load up with temporary mapping blocks */
 221
 222         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling machine_init\n");
 223         machine_init();
 224
 225         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling clock_init\n");
 226         clock_init();
 227
 228         ledger_init();
 229
 230         /*
 231          *      Initialize the IPC, task, and thread subsystems.
 232          */
 233         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling task_init\n");
 234         task_init();
 235
 236         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling thread_init\n");
 237         thread_init();
 238
 239         /*
 240          *      Create a kernel thread to execute the kernel bootstrap.
 241          */
 242         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling kernel_thread_create\n");
 243         result = kernel_thread_create((thread_continue_t)kernel_bootstrap_thread, NULL, MAXPRI_KERNEL, &thread);
 244
 245         if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) panic("kernel_bootstrap: result = %08X\n", result);
 246
 247         thread->state = TH_RUN;
 248         thread_deallocate(thread);
 249
 250         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling load_context - done\n");
 251         load_context(thread);
 252         /*NOTREACHED*/
 253 }
 254
 255 int kth_started = 0;
 256
 257 vm_offset_t vm_kernel_addrperm;
 258
 259 /*
 260  * Now running in a thread.  Kick off other services,
 261  * invoke user bootstrap, enter pageout loop.
 262  */
 263 static void
 264 kernel_bootstrap_thread(void)
 265 {
 266         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 267
 268 #define kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("kernel_bootstrap_thread: " x) */
 269         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling idle_thread_create\n");
 270         /*
 271          * Create the idle processor thread.
 272          */
 273         idle_thread_create(processor);
 274
 275         /*
 276          * N.B. Do not stick anything else
 277          * before this point.
 278          *
 279          * Start up the scheduler services.
 280          */
 281         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling sched_startup\n");
 282         sched_startup();
 283
 284         /*
 285          * Thread lifecycle maintenance (teardown, stack allocation)
 286          */
 287         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling thread_daemon_init\n");
 288         thread_daemon_init();
 289
 290         /*
 291          * Thread callout service.
 292          */
 293         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling thread_call_initialize\n");
 294         thread_call_initialize();
 295
 296         /*
 297          * Remain on current processor as
 298          * additional processors come online.
 299          */
 300         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling thread_bind\n");
 301         thread_bind(processor);
 302
 303         /*
 304          * Kick off memory mapping adjustments.
 305          */
 306         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling mapping_adjust\n");
 307         mapping_adjust();
 308
 309         /*
 310          *      Create the clock service.
 311          */
 312         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling clock_service_create\n");
 313         clock_service_create();
 314
 315         /*
 316          *      Create the device service.
 317          */
 318         device_service_create();
 319
 320         kth_started = 1;
 321
 322 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 323         /*
 324          * Create and initialize the physical copy window for processor 0
 325          * This is required before starting kicking off  IOKit.
 326          */
 327         cpu_physwindow_init(0);
 328 #endif
 329
 330         vm_kernel_reserved_entry_init();
 331
 332 #if MACH_KDP
 333         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling kdp_init\n");
 334         kdp_init();
 335 #endif
 336
 337 #if CONFIG_COUNTERS
 338         pmc_bootstrap();
 339 #endif
 340
 341 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
 342         if (turn_on_log_leaks && !new_nkdbufs)
 343                 new_nkdbufs = 200000;
 344         start_kern_tracing(new_nkdbufs);
 345         if (turn_on_log_leaks)
 346                 log_leaks = 1;
 347 #endif
 348
 349 #ifdef  IOKIT
 350         PE_init_iokit();
 351 #endif
 352
 353         (void) spllo();         /* Allow interruptions */
 354
 355 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 356         /*
 357          * Create and initialize the copy window for processor 0
 358          * This also allocates window space for all other processors.
 359          * However, this is dependent on the number of processors - so this call
 360          * must be after IOKit has been started because IOKit performs processor
 361          * discovery.
 362          */
 363         cpu_userwindow_init(0);
 364 #endif
 365
 366 #if (!defined(__i386__) && !defined(__x86_64__))
 367         if (turn_on_log_leaks && !new_nkdbufs)
 368                 new_nkdbufs = 200000;
 369         start_kern_tracing(new_nkdbufs);
 370         if (turn_on_log_leaks)
 371                 log_leaks = 1;
 372 #endif
 373
 374         /*
 375          *      Initialize the shared region module.
 376          */
 377         vm_shared_region_init();
 378         vm_commpage_init();
 379         vm_commpage_text_init();
 380
 381 #if CONFIG_MACF
 382         mac_policy_initmach();
 383 #endif
 384
 385         /*
 386          * Initialize the global used for permuting kernel
 387          * addresses that may be exported to userland as tokens
 388          * using VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(). Force the random number
 389          * to be odd to avoid mapping a non-zero
 390          * word-aligned address to zero via addition.
 391          */
 392         vm_kernel_addrperm = (vm_offset_t)early_random() | 1;
 393
 394         /*
 395          *      Start the user bootstrap.
 396          */
 397 #ifdef  MACH_BSD
 398         bsd_init();
 399 #endif
 400
 401     /*
 402      * Get rid of segments used to bootstrap kext loading. This removes
 403      * the KLD, PRELINK symtab, LINKEDIT, and symtab segments/load commands.
 404      */
 405         OSKextRemoveKextBootstrap();
 406
 407         serial_keyboard_init();         /* Start serial keyboard if wanted */
 408
 409         vm_page_init_local_q();
 410
 411         thread_bind(PROCESSOR_NULL);
 412
 413         /*
 414          *      Become the pageout daemon.
 415          */
 416         vm_pageout();
 417         /*NOTREACHED*/
 418 }
 419
 420 /*
 421  *      slave_main:
 422  *
 423  *      Load the first thread to start a processor.
 424  */
 425 void
 426 slave_main(void *machine_param)
 427 {
 428         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 429         thread_t                thread;
 430
 431         /*
 432          *      Use the idle processor thread if there
 433          *      is no dedicated start up thread.
 434          */
 435         if (processor->next_thread == THREAD_NULL) {
 436                 thread = processor->idle_thread;
 437                 thread->continuation = (thread_continue_t)processor_start_thread;
 438                 thread->parameter = machine_param;
 439         }
 440         else {
 441                 thread = processor->next_thread;
 442                 processor->next_thread = THREAD_NULL;
 443         }
 444
 445         load_context(thread);
 446         /*NOTREACHED*/
 447 }
 448
 449 /*
 450  *      processor_start_thread:
 451  *
 452  *      First thread to execute on a started processor.
 453  *
 454  *      Called at splsched.
 455  */
 456 void
 457 processor_start_thread(void *machine_param)
 458 {
 459         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 460         thread_t                self = current_thread();
 461
 462         slave_machine_init(machine_param);
 463
 464         /*
 465          *      If running the idle processor thread,
 466          *      reenter the idle loop, else terminate.
 467          */
 468         if (self == processor->idle_thread)
 469                 thread_block((thread_continue_t)idle_thread);
 470
 471         thread_terminate(self);
 472         /*NOTREACHED*/
 473 }
 474
 475 /*
 476  *      load_context:
 477  *
 478  *      Start the first thread on a processor.
 479  */
 480 static void
 481 load_context(
 482         thread_t                thread)
 483 {
 484         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 485
 486
 487 #define load_context_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("load_context: " x) */
 488
 489         load_context_kprintf("calling machine_set_current_thread\n");
 490         machine_set_current_thread(thread);
 491
 492         load_context_kprintf("calling processor_up\n");
 493         processor_up(processor);
 494
 495         PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL(processor->cpu_id);
 496
 497         /*
 498          * Acquire a stack if none attached.  The panic
 499          * should never occur since the thread is expected
 500          * to have reserved stack.
 501          */
 502         load_context_kprintf("thread %p, stack %x, stackptr %x\n", thread,
 503                              thread->kernel_stack, thread->machine.kstackptr);
 504         if (!thread->kernel_stack) {
 505                 load_context_kprintf("calling stack_alloc_try\n");
 506                 if (!stack_alloc_try(thread))
 507                         panic("load_context");
 508         }
 509
 510         /*
 511          * The idle processor threads are not counted as
 512          * running for load calculations.
 513          */
 514         if (!(thread->state & TH_IDLE))
 515                 sched_run_incr();
 516
 517         processor->active_thread = thread;
 518         processor->current_pri = thread->sched_pri;
 519         processor->current_thmode = thread->sched_mode;
 520         processor->deadline = UINT64_MAX;
 521         thread->last_processor = processor;
 522
 523         processor->last_dispatch = mach_absolute_time();
 524         timer_start(&thread->system_timer, processor->last_dispatch);
 525         PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, thread_timer) = PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, kernel_timer) = &thread->system_timer;
 526
 527         timer_start(&PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, system_state), processor->last_dispatch);
 528         PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, current_state) = &PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, system_state);
 529
 530         PMAP_ACTIVATE_USER(thread, processor->cpu_id);
 531
 532         load_context_kprintf("calling machine_load_context\n");
 533         machine_load_context(thread);
 534         /*NOTREACHED*/
 535 }
 536
 537 void
 538 scale_setup()
 539 {
 540         int scale = 0;
 541 #if defined(__LP64__)
 542         typeof(task_max) task_max_base = task_max;
 543
 544         /* Raise limits for servers with >= 16G */
 545         if ((serverperfmode != 0) && ((uint64_t)sane_size >= (uint64_t)(16 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL))) {
 546                 scale = (int)((uint64_t)sane_size / (uint64_t)(8 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL));
 547                 /* limit to 128 G */
 548                 if (scale > 16)
 549                         scale = 16;
 550                 task_max_base = 2500;
 551         } else if ((uint64_t)sane_size >= (uint64_t)(3 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL))
 552                 scale = 2;
 553
 554         task_max = MAX(task_max, task_max_base * scale);
 555
 556         if (scale != 0) {
 557                 task_threadmax = task_max;
 558                 thread_max = task_max * 5;
 559         }
 560
 561 #endif
 562
 563         bsd_scale_setup(scale);
 564
 565         ipc_space_max = SPACE_MAX;
 566         ipc_port_max = PORT_MAX;
 567         ipc_pset_max = SET_MAX;
 568         semaphore_max = SEMAPHORE_MAX;
 569 }
 570