xnu-2422.90.20.tar.gz

[apple/xnu.git] / bsd / hfs / hfs_catalog.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2013 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 * 
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 * 
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 * 
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */

#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/dirent.h>
#include <vfs/vfs_support.h>
#include <libkern/libkern.h>

#include <sys/utfconv.h>

#include "hfs.h"
#include "hfs_catalog.h"
#include "hfs_format.h"
#include "hfs_endian.h"

#include "hfscommon/headers/BTreesInternal.h"
#include "hfscommon/headers/BTreesPrivate.h"
#include "hfscommon/headers/HFSUnicodeWrappers.h"


/*
 * Initialization of an FSBufferDescriptor structure.
 */
#define BDINIT(bd, addr) { \
        (bd).bufferAddress = (addr); \
        (bd).itemSize = sizeof(*(addr)); \
        (bd).itemCount = 1; \
}


struct btobj {
        BTreeIterator           iterator;
        HFSPlusCatalogKey       key;
        CatalogRecord           data;
};

struct update_state {
        struct cat_desc *       s_desc; 
        struct cat_attr *       s_attr;
        struct cat_fork *       s_datafork;
        struct cat_fork *       s_rsrcfork;
        struct hfsmount *       s_hfsmp;
};

struct position_state {
        int        error;
        u_int32_t  count;
        u_int32_t  index;
        u_int32_t  parentID;
        struct hfsmount *hfsmp;
};

/* Map file mode type to directory entry types */
u_char modetodirtype[16] = {
        DT_REG, DT_FIFO, DT_CHR, DT_UNKNOWN,
        DT_DIR, DT_UNKNOWN, DT_BLK, DT_UNKNOWN,
        DT_REG, DT_UNKNOWN, DT_LNK, DT_UNKNOWN,
        DT_SOCK, DT_UNKNOWN, DT_WHT, DT_UNKNOWN
};
#define MODE_TO_DT(mode)  (modetodirtype[((mode) & S_IFMT) >> 12])


#define HFS_LOOKUP_SYSFILE      0x1     /* If set, allow lookup of system files */
#define HFS_LOOKUP_HARDLINK     0x2     /* If set, allow lookup of hard link records and not resolve the hard links */
#define HFS_LOOKUP_CASESENSITIVE        0x4     /* If set, verify results of a file/directory record match input case */
static int cat_lookupbykey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, CatalogKey *keyp, int flags, u_int32_t hint, int wantrsrc,
                  struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp, cnid_t *desc_cnid);

int cat_lookupmangled(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, int wantrsrc,
                  struct cat_desc *outdescp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp);

/* Internal catalog support routines */

static int cat_findposition(const CatalogKey *ckp, const CatalogRecord *crp,
                            struct position_state *state);

static int resolvelinkid(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t linkref, ino_t *ino);

static int getkey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, CatalogKey * key);

static int buildkey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp,
                        HFSPlusCatalogKey *key, int retry);

static void buildthreadkey(HFSCatalogNodeID parentID, int std_hfs, CatalogKey *key);

static void buildrecord(struct cat_attr *attrp, cnid_t cnid, int std_hfs, u_int32_t encoding, CatalogRecord *crp, u_int32_t *recordSize);

static int catrec_update(const CatalogKey *ckp, CatalogRecord *crp, struct update_state *state);

static int builddesc(const HFSPlusCatalogKey *key, cnid_t cnid, u_int32_t hint, u_int32_t encoding,
                        int isdir, struct cat_desc *descp);

static void getbsdattr(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp, struct cat_attr * attrp);

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
static void promotekey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const HFSCatalogKey *hfskey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *keyp, u_int32_t *encoding);
static void promotefork(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const struct HFSCatalogFile *file, int resource, struct cat_fork * forkp);
static void promoteattr(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const CatalogRecord *dataPtr, struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp);
#endif

static cnid_t getcnid(const CatalogRecord *crp);
static u_int32_t getencoding(const CatalogRecord *crp);
static cnid_t getparentcnid(const CatalogRecord *recp);

static int isadir(const CatalogRecord *crp);

static int buildthread(void *keyp, void *recp, int std_hfs, int directory);

static int cat_makealias(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t inode_num, struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp);

static int cat_update_internal(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, int update_hardlink, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
        struct cat_fork *dataforkp, struct cat_fork *rsrcforkp);



/* HFS ID Hashtable Functions */
#define IDHASH(hfsmp, inum) (&hfsmp->hfs_idhashtbl[(inum) & hfsmp->hfs_idhash])

/* Initialize the HFS ID hash table */
void
hfs_idhash_init (struct hfsmount *hfsmp) {
        /* secured by catalog lock so no lock init needed */
        hfsmp->hfs_idhashtbl = hashinit(HFS_IDHASH_DEFAULT, M_HFSMNT, &hfsmp->hfs_idhash);      
}

/* Free the HFS ID hash table */
void
hfs_idhash_destroy (struct hfsmount *hfsmp) {
        /* during failed mounts & unmounts */
        FREE(hfsmp->hfs_idhashtbl, M_HFSMNT);
}

/*
from hfs_catalog.h:
typedef struct cat_preflightid {
        cnid_t fileid;
        LIST_ENTRY(cat_preflightid) id_hash;
} cat_preflightid_t;

from hfs.h:
  u_long hfs_idhash; / size of cnid/fileid hash table -1 /
  LIST_HEAD(idhashhead, cat_preflightid) *hfs_idhashtbl; / base of ID hash /
*/

/* 
 * Check the run-time ID hashtable.  
 * 
 * The catalog lock must be held (like other functions in this file).
 *
 * Returns: 
 *              1 if the ID is in the hash table.
 *              0 if the ID is not in the hash table
 */ 
int cat_check_idhash (struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t test_fileid) {

        cat_preflightid_t *preflight;
        int found = 0;

        for (preflight = IDHASH(hfsmp, test_fileid)->lh_first; preflight ; preflight = preflight->id_hash.le_next) {
                if (preflight->fileid == test_fileid) {
                        found = 1;
                        break;  
                }
        }

        return found;           
}

/* Insert the supplied preflight into the ID hash table */ 
int cat_insert_idhash (struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cat_preflightid_t *preflight) {

        if (preflight) {
                LIST_INSERT_HEAD(IDHASH(hfsmp, (preflight->fileid)), preflight, id_hash);
                return 0;
        }
        return -1;
}


/* Remove the data structure with the specified ID from the hashtable */
int cat_remove_idhash (cat_preflightid_t *preflight) {
        
        if ((preflight) && ((preflight->id_hash.le_next || preflight->id_hash.le_prev))) {
                LIST_REMOVE (preflight, id_hash);
                preflight->id_hash.le_next = NULL;
                preflight->id_hash.le_prev = NULL;

                return 0;
        }

        return -1;
}

/*
 * Acquire a new CNID for use.  
 * 
 * This is slightly more complicated than just pulling the value from the
 * hfsmount data structure.  We need to validate that the ID is not in-use
 * even if we've not wrapped around and that there are not any lingering
 * or orphaned fileIDs for this ID. 
 *
 * Also validate that there are not any pending insertions into the
 * catalog by checking the ID hash table. 
 */
int 
cat_acquire_cnid (struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t *new_cnid) {

        uint32_t nextCNID;
        struct BTreeIterator *iterator;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        uint16_t datasize;
        CatalogRecord *recp;
        int result = 0;
        int std_hfs;
        int wrapped = 0;

        std_hfs = (HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord);
        /*
         * Get the next CNID. We can change it since we hold the catalog lock.
         */
nextid:
        nextCNID = hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID;
        if (nextCNID == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
                if (std_hfs) {
                        return (ENOSPC);
                } else {
                        wrapped++;
                        if (wrapped > 1) {
                                /* don't allow more than one wrap-around */
                                return ENOSPC;
                        }
                        hfs_lock_mount (hfsmp);
                        hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID = kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID;
                        hfsmp->vcbAtrb |= kHFSCatalogNodeIDsReusedMask;
                        hfs_unlock_mount (hfsmp);
                }
        } else {
                hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID++;
        }
        MarkVCBDirty(hfsmp);

        /* First check that there are not any entries pending in the hash table with this ID */
        if (cat_check_idhash (hfsmp, nextCNID)) {
                /* Someone wants to insert this into the catalog but hasn't done so yet. Skip it */
                goto nextid;
        }

        /* Check to see if a thread record exists for the target ID we just got */
        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        buildthreadkey(nextCNID, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);

        MALLOC(recp, CatalogRecord *, sizeof(CatalogRecord), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        BDINIT(btdata, recp);

        result = BTSearchRecord(hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork, iterator, &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
        FREE (recp, M_TEMP);
        FREE (iterator, M_TEMP);

        if (result == btNotFound) {
                /* Good.  File ID was not in use. Move on to checking EA B-Tree */
                result = file_attribute_exist (hfsmp, nextCNID);
                if (result == EEXIST) {
                        /* This CNID has orphaned EAs.  Skip it and move on to the next one */
                        result = 0;
                        goto nextid;
                }
                if (result) {
                        /* For any other error, return the result */
                        return result;
                }

                /*
                 * Now validate that there are no lingering cnodes with this ID.  If a cnode
                 * has been removed on-disk (marked C_NOEXISTS), but has not yet been reclaimed,
                 * then it will still have an entry in the cnode hash table.  This means that
                 * a subsequent lookup will find THAT entry and believe this one has been deleted
                 * prematurely.  If there is a lingering cnode, then just skip this entry and move on.
                 * 
                 * Note that we pass (existence_only == 1) argument to hfs_chash_snoop.
                 */
                if (!std_hfs && (hfsmp->vcbAtrb & kHFSCatalogNodeIDsReusedMask)) {
                        if (hfs_chash_snoop (hfsmp, nextCNID, 1, NULL, NULL) == 0) {
                                goto nextid;
                        }
                }

                /* 
                 * If we get here, then we didn't see any thread records, orphaned EAs, 
             * or stale cnodes. This ID is safe to vend out.
                 */
                *new_cnid = nextCNID;
        }
        else if (result == noErr) {
                /* move on to the next ID */
                goto nextid;
        }       
        else {
                /* For any other situation, just bail out */
                return EIO; 
        }

        return 0;       

}

int
cat_preflight(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, catops_t ops, cat_cookie_t *cookie, __unused proc_t p)
{
        int lockflags = 0;
        int result;

        if (hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_lockowner != current_thread())
                lockflags = hfs_systemfile_lock(hfsmp, SFL_CATALOG, HFS_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
         
        result = BTReserveSpace(hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork, ops, (void*)cookie);

        if (lockflags)
                hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}

void
cat_postflight(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cat_cookie_t *cookie, __unused proc_t p)
{
        int lockflags = 0;

        if (hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_lockowner != current_thread())
                lockflags = hfs_systemfile_lock(hfsmp, SFL_CATALOG, HFS_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);

        (void) BTReleaseReserve(hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork, (void*)cookie);

        if (lockflags)
                hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);
}

__private_extern__ 
void
cat_convertattr(
        struct hfsmount *hfsmp,
        CatalogRecord * recp,
        struct cat_attr *attrp,
        struct cat_fork *datafp,
        struct cat_fork *rsrcfp)
{
        int std_hfs = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord;

        if (std_hfs == 0) {
                getbsdattr(hfsmp, (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)recp, attrp);
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                struct HFSPlusCatalogFile cnoderec;

                promoteattr(hfsmp, recp, &cnoderec);
                getbsdattr(hfsmp, &cnoderec, attrp);
        } 
#endif

        if (isadir(recp)) {
                bzero(datafp, sizeof(*datafp));
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else if (std_hfs) {
                promotefork(hfsmp, (HFSCatalogFile *)&recp->hfsFile, 0, datafp);
                promotefork(hfsmp, (HFSCatalogFile *)&recp->hfsFile, 1, rsrcfp);
        } 
#endif
        else {
                /* Convert the data fork. */
                datafp->cf_size = recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.logicalSize;
                datafp->cf_new_size = 0;
                datafp->cf_blocks = recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.totalBlocks;
                if ((hfsmp->hfc_stage == HFC_RECORDING) &&
                    (attrp->ca_atime >= hfsmp->hfc_timebase)) {
                        datafp->cf_bytesread =
                                recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.clumpSize *
                                HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;
                } else {
                        datafp->cf_bytesread = 0;
                }
                datafp->cf_vblocks = 0;
                bcopy(&recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.extents[0],
                      &datafp->cf_extents[0], sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));

                /* Convert the resource fork. */
                rsrcfp->cf_size = recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.logicalSize;
                rsrcfp->cf_new_size = 0;
                rsrcfp->cf_blocks = recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.totalBlocks;
                if ((hfsmp->hfc_stage == HFC_RECORDING) &&
                    (attrp->ca_atime >= hfsmp->hfc_timebase)) {
                        datafp->cf_bytesread =
                                recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.clumpSize *
                                HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;
                } else {
                        datafp->cf_bytesread = 0;
                }
                rsrcfp->cf_vblocks = 0;
                bcopy(&recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.extents[0],
                      &rsrcfp->cf_extents[0], sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));
        }
}

/*
 * Convert a raw catalog key and record into an in-core catalog descriptor.
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the catalog descriptor.
 */
__private_extern__
int
cat_convertkey(
        struct hfsmount *hfsmp,
        CatalogKey *key,
        CatalogRecord * recp,
        struct cat_desc *descp)
{
        int std_hfs = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord;
        HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey = NULL;
        u_int32_t encoding;
        cnid_t cnid = 0;
        int err = 0;

        if (std_hfs == 0) {
                pluskey = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)key;
                encoding = getencoding(recp);
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                MALLOC(pluskey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *, sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogKey), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                promotekey(hfsmp, (HFSCatalogKey *)key, pluskey, &encoding);
        }
#endif
  
        /* Get the CNID before calling builddesc.  Need to error check it. */
        cnid = getcnid(recp);
        if (cnid == 0) {
                /* If ths CNID == 0, it's invalid. Mark as corrupt */
                hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent (hfsmp);
                err = EINVAL;
        }
        else {
                builddesc(pluskey, cnid, 0, encoding, isadir(recp), descp);
        }

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        if (std_hfs) {
                FREE(pluskey, M_TEMP);
        }
#endif

        return err;
}


/*
 * cat_releasedesc
 */
__private_extern__
void
cat_releasedesc(struct cat_desc *descp)
{
        const u_int8_t * name;

        if (descp == NULL)
                return;

        if ((descp->cd_flags & CD_HASBUF) &&
            (descp->cd_nameptr != NULL)) {
                name = descp->cd_nameptr;
                descp->cd_nameptr = NULL;
                descp->cd_namelen = 0;
                vfs_removename((const char *)name);
        }
        descp->cd_nameptr = NULL;
        descp->cd_namelen = 0;
        descp->cd_flags &= ~CD_HASBUF;
}

/*
 * These Catalog functions allow access to the HFS Catalog (database).
 * The catalog b-tree lock must be acquired before calling any of these routines.
 */

/*
 * cat_lookup - lookup a catalog node using a cnode descriptor
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).
 */
int
cat_lookup(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, int wantrsrc, int force_casesensitive_lookup,
             struct cat_desc *outdescp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
             struct cat_fork *forkp, cnid_t *desc_cnid)
{
        CatalogKey * keyp;
        int std_hfs;
        int result;
        int flags;

        std_hfs = (HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord);
        flags = force_casesensitive_lookup ? HFS_LOOKUP_CASESENSITIVE : 0;

        MALLOC(keyp, CatalogKey *, sizeof(CatalogKey), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);

        result = buildkey(hfsmp, descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)keyp, 1);
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        result = cat_lookupbykey(hfsmp, keyp, flags, descp->cd_hint, wantrsrc, outdescp, attrp, forkp, desc_cnid);
        
        if (result == ENOENT) {
                if (!std_hfs) {
                        struct cat_desc temp_desc;
                        if (outdescp == NULL) {
                                bzero(&temp_desc, sizeof(temp_desc));
                                outdescp = &temp_desc;
                        }
                        result = cat_lookupmangled(hfsmp, descp, wantrsrc, outdescp, attrp, forkp);
                        if (desc_cnid) {
                            *desc_cnid = outdescp->cd_cnid;
                        }
                        if (outdescp == &temp_desc) {
                                /* Release the local copy of desc */
                                cat_releasedesc(outdescp);
                        }
                } else if (hfsmp->hfs_encoding != kTextEncodingMacRoman) {
                //      make MacRoman key from utf-8
                //      result = cat_lookupbykey(hfsmp, keyp, descp->cd_hint, attrp, forkp);
                //      update desc text encoding so that other catalog ops succeed
                }
        }
exit:   
        FREE(keyp, M_TEMP);

        return (result);
}

int
cat_insertfilethread(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp)
{
        struct BTreeIterator *iterator;
        struct FSBufferDescriptor file_data;
        struct HFSCatalogFile file_rec;
        u_int16_t datasize;
        FCB *fcb;
        int result;

        if (HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord != kHFSSigWord)
                return (EINVAL);

        fcb = GetFileControlBlock(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum);

        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, 2 * sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(&iterator[0], 2* sizeof(*iterator));
        result = buildkey(hfsmp, descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator[0].key, 0);
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        BDINIT(file_data, &file_rec);
        result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, &iterator[0], &file_data, &datasize, &iterator[0]);
        if (result) 
                goto exit;

        if (file_rec.recordType != kHFSFileRecord) {
                result = EISDIR;
                goto exit;
        }

        if ((file_rec.flags & kHFSThreadExistsMask) == 0) {
                struct FSBufferDescriptor thread_data;
                struct HFSCatalogThread thread_rec;

                file_rec.flags |= kHFSThreadExistsMask;
                BDINIT(thread_data, &thread_rec);
                thread_data.itemSize = buildthread(&iterator[0].key, &thread_rec, 1, 0);
                buildthreadkey(file_rec.fileID, 1, (CatalogKey *)&iterator[1].key);
        
                result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, &iterator[1], &thread_data, thread_data.itemSize);
                if (result)
                        goto exit;
        
                (void) BTReplaceRecord(fcb, &iterator[0], &file_data, datasize);
                (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
        }       
exit:
        (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cat_findname - obtain a descriptor from cnid
 *
 * Only a thread lookup is performed.
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).

 */
int
cat_findname(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, struct cat_desc *outdescp)
{
        struct BTreeIterator * iterator;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        CatalogKey * keyp;
        CatalogRecord * recp;
        int isdir;
        int result;
        int std_hfs;

        isdir = 0;
        std_hfs = (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD);

        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        buildthreadkey(cnid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
        iterator->hint.nodeNum = 0;

        MALLOC(recp, CatalogRecord *, sizeof(CatalogRecord), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        BDINIT(btdata, recp);

        result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(hfsmp->hfs_catalog_vp), iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL);
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        /* Turn thread record into a cnode key (in place). */
        switch (recp->recordType) {

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                case kHFSFolderThreadRecord:
                        isdir = 1;
                        /* fall through */
                case kHFSFileThreadRecord:
                        keyp = (CatalogKey *)((char *)&recp->hfsThread.reserved + 6);
                        keyp->hfs.keyLength = kHFSCatalogKeyMinimumLength + keyp->hfs.nodeName[0];
                        break;
#endif

                case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
                        isdir = 1;
                        /* fall through */
                case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
                        keyp = (CatalogKey *)&recp->hfsPlusThread.reserved;
                        keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength +
                                (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length * 2);
                        break;
                default:
                        result = ENOENT;
                        goto exit;
        }

        if (std_hfs == 0) {
                builddesc((HFSPlusCatalogKey *)keyp, cnid, 0, 0, isdir, outdescp);
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey = NULL;
                u_int32_t encoding;

                MALLOC(pluskey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *, sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogKey), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                promotekey(hfsmp, &keyp->hfs, pluskey, &encoding);
                builddesc(pluskey, cnid, 0, encoding, isdir, outdescp);
                FREE(pluskey, M_TEMP);
        }
#endif  

exit:
        FREE(recp, M_TEMP);
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * cat_idlookup - lookup a catalog node using a cnode id
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).
 */
int
cat_idlookup(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, int allow_system_files, int wantrsrc,
    struct cat_desc *outdescp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp)
{
        struct BTreeIterator * iterator;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        u_int16_t       datasize;
        CatalogKey * keyp;
        CatalogRecord * recp;
        int result;
        int std_hfs;

        std_hfs = (HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord);

        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        buildthreadkey(cnid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);

        MALLOC(recp, CatalogRecord *, sizeof(CatalogRecord), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        BDINIT(btdata, recp);

        result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum), iterator,
                                &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        /* Turn thread record into a cnode key (in place) */
        switch (recp->recordType) {

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                case kHFSFileThreadRecord:
                case kHFSFolderThreadRecord:
                        keyp = (CatalogKey *)((char *)&recp->hfsThread.reserved + 6);

                        /* check for NULL name */
                        if (keyp->hfs.nodeName[0] == 0) {
                                result = ENOENT;
                                goto exit;
                        }

                        keyp->hfs.keyLength = kHFSCatalogKeyMinimumLength + keyp->hfs.nodeName[0];
                        break;
#endif

                case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
                case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
                        keyp = (CatalogKey *)&recp->hfsPlusThread.reserved;

                        /* check for NULL name */
                        if (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length == 0) {
                                result = ENOENT;
                                goto exit;
                        }

                        keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength +
                                (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length * 2);
                        break;

                default:
                        result = ENOENT;
                        goto exit;
        }

        result = cat_lookupbykey(hfsmp, keyp, 
                        ((allow_system_files != 0) ? HFS_LOOKUP_SYSFILE : 0), 
                        0, wantrsrc, outdescp, attrp, forkp, NULL);
        /* No corresponding file/folder record found for a thread record,
         * mark the volume inconsistent.
         */
        if (result == 0 && outdescp) {
                cnid_t dcnid = outdescp->cd_cnid;
                /*
                 * Just for sanity's case, let's make sure that
                 * the key in the thread matches the key in the record.
                 */
                if (cnid != dcnid) {
                        printf("hfs: cat_idlookup: Requested cnid (%d / %08x) != dcnid (%d / %08x)\n", cnid, cnid, dcnid, dcnid);
                        result = ENOENT;
                }
        }
exit:
        FREE(recp, M_TEMP);
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cat_lookupmangled - lookup a catalog node using a mangled name
 */
int
cat_lookupmangled(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, int wantrsrc,
                  struct cat_desc *outdescp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp)
{
        cnid_t fileID;
        u_int32_t prefixlen;
        int result;
        u_int8_t utf8[NAME_MAX + 1];
        u_int32_t utf8len;
        u_int16_t unicode[kHFSPlusMaxFileNameChars + 1];
        size_t unicodelen;
        
        if (wantrsrc)
                return (ENOENT);

        fileID = GetEmbeddedFileID(descp->cd_nameptr, descp->cd_namelen, &prefixlen);
        if (fileID < (cnid_t)kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID)
                return (ENOENT);

        if (fileID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid ||
                fileID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid ||
                fileID == hfsmp->hfs_jnlfileid ||
                fileID == hfsmp->hfs_jnlinfoblkid) {
                return (ENOENT);
        }

        result = cat_idlookup(hfsmp, fileID, 0, 0, outdescp, attrp, forkp);
        if (result)
                return (ENOENT);
        /* It must be in the correct directory */
        if (descp->cd_parentcnid != outdescp->cd_parentcnid)
                goto falsematch;

        /*
         * Compare the mangled version of file name looked up from the 
         * disk with the mangled name provided by the user.  Note that 
         * this comparison is case-sensitive, which should be fine
         * since we're trying to prevent user space from constructing
         * a mangled name that differs from the one they'd get from the
         * file system.
         */
        result = utf8_decodestr(outdescp->cd_nameptr, outdescp->cd_namelen,
                        unicode, &unicodelen, sizeof(unicode), ':', 0);
        if (result) {
                goto falsematch;
        }
        result = ConvertUnicodeToUTF8Mangled(unicodelen, unicode, 
                        sizeof(utf8), &utf8len, utf8, fileID);
        if ((result != 0) || 
            ((u_int16_t)descp->cd_namelen != utf8len) ||
            (bcmp(descp->cd_nameptr, utf8, utf8len) != 0)) { 
                goto falsematch;
        }

        return (0);

falsematch:
        cat_releasedesc(outdescp);
        return (ENOENT);
}


/*
 * cat_lookupbykey - lookup a catalog node using a cnode key
 */
static int
cat_lookupbykey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, CatalogKey *keyp, int flags, u_int32_t hint, int wantrsrc,
                  struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp, cnid_t *desc_cnid)
{
        struct BTreeIterator * iterator;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        CatalogRecord * recp;
        u_int16_t  datasize;
        int result;
        int std_hfs;
        u_int32_t ilink = 0;
        cnid_t cnid = 0;
        u_int32_t encoding = 0;
        cnid_t parentid = 0;

        std_hfs = (HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord);

        MALLOC(recp, CatalogRecord *, sizeof(CatalogRecord), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        BDINIT(btdata, recp);
        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        iterator->hint.nodeNum = hint;
        bcopy(keyp, &iterator->key, sizeof(CatalogKey));

        result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum), iterator,
                                &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
        if (result) 
                goto exit;

        /* Save the cnid, parentid, and encoding now in case there's a hard link or inode */
        cnid = getcnid(recp);
        if (cnid == 0) {
                /* CNID of 0 is invalid.  Mark as corrupt */
                hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent (hfsmp);
                result = EINVAL;
                goto exit;
        }

        if (std_hfs == 0) {
                parentid = keyp->hfsPlus.parentID;
        }
        
        encoding = getencoding(recp);
        hint = iterator->hint.nodeNum;

        /* Hide the journal files (if any) */
        if ((hfsmp->jnl || ((HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbAtrb & kHFSVolumeJournaledMask) && (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_READ_ONLY))) &&
                ((cnid == hfsmp->hfs_jnlfileid) || (cnid == hfsmp->hfs_jnlinfoblkid)) &&
                 !(flags & HFS_LOOKUP_SYSFILE)) {
                result = ERESERVEDNAME;
                goto exit;
        }

        if (!std_hfs && !(hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_CASE_SENSITIVE)) {
                /* Make sure the case of the file was correct if requested */
                if (flags & HFS_LOOKUP_CASESENSITIVE) {
                        if (0 != cat_binarykeycompare(&keyp->hfsPlus, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key)) {
                                result = ERESERVEDNAME;
                                goto exit;
                        }
                }
        }
        
        /*
         * When a hardlink link is encountered, auto resolve it.
         *
         * The catalog record will change, and possibly its type.
         */
        if (!std_hfs
            && (attrp || forkp) 
            && (recp->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord)
            && ((to_bsd_time(recp->hfsPlusFile.createDate) == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_itime) ||
                (to_bsd_time(recp->hfsPlusFile.createDate) == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_metadata_createdate))) {
                int isdirlink = 0;
                int isfilelink = 0;

                if ((SWAP_BE32(recp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHardLinkFileType) &&
                    (SWAP_BE32(recp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSPlusCreator)) {
                        isfilelink = 1;
                } else if ((recp->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) && 
                           (SWAP_BE32(recp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHFSAliasType) && 
                           (SWAP_BE32(recp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator)) {
                        isdirlink = 1;
                }
                if ((isfilelink || isdirlink) && !(flags & HFS_LOOKUP_HARDLINK)) {
                        ilink = recp->hfsPlusFile.hl_linkReference;
                        (void) cat_resolvelink(hfsmp, ilink, isdirlink, (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)recp);
                }
        }

        if (attrp != NULL) { 
                if (std_hfs == 0) {
                        getbsdattr(hfsmp, (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)recp, attrp);
                        if (ilink) {
                                /* Update the inode number for this hard link */
                                attrp->ca_linkref = ilink;
                        }
                        
                        /* 
                         * Set kHFSHasLinkChainBit for hard links, and reset it for all 
                         * other items.  Also set linkCount to 1 for regular files.
                         *
                         * Due to some bug (rdar://8505977), some regular files can have 
                         * kHFSHasLinkChainBit set and linkCount more than 1 even if they 
                         * are not really hard links.  The runtime code should not consider 
                         * these files has hard links.  Therefore we reset the kHFSHasLinkChainBit 
                         * and linkCount for regular file before we vend it out.  This might 
                         * also result in repairing the bad files on disk, if the corresponding 
                         * file is modified and updated on disk.  
                         */
                        if (ilink) {
                                /* This is a hard link and the link count bit was not set */
                                if (!(attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask)) {
                                        printf ("hfs: set hardlink bit on vol=%s cnid=%u inoid=%u\n", hfsmp->vcbVN, cnid, ilink);
                                        attrp->ca_recflags |= kHFSHasLinkChainMask;
                                }
                        } else { 
                                /* Make sure that this non-hard link (regular) record is not 
                                 * an inode record that was looked up and we do not end up 
                                 * reseting the hard link bit on it.
                                 */
                                if ((parentid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) && 
                                    (parentid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid)) {
                                        /* This is not a hard link or inode and the link count bit was set */
                                        if (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
                                                printf ("hfs: clear hardlink bit on vol=%s cnid=%u\n", hfsmp->vcbVN, cnid);
                                                attrp->ca_recflags &= ~kHFSHasLinkChainMask;
                                        }
                                        /* This is a regular file and the link count was more than 1 */
                                        if (S_ISREG(attrp->ca_mode) && (attrp->ca_linkcount > 1)) {
                                                printf ("hfs: set linkcount=1 on vol=%s cnid=%u old=%u\n", hfsmp->vcbVN, cnid, attrp->ca_linkcount);
                                                attrp->ca_linkcount = 1;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                else {
                        struct HFSPlusCatalogFile cnoderec;

                        promoteattr(hfsmp, recp, &cnoderec);
                        getbsdattr(hfsmp, &cnoderec, attrp);    
                }
#endif
        }
        if (forkp != NULL) {
                if (isadir(recp)) {
                        bzero(forkp, sizeof(*forkp));
                } 
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                else if (std_hfs) {
                        promotefork(hfsmp, (HFSCatalogFile *)&recp->hfsFile, wantrsrc, forkp);
                } 
#endif
                else if (wantrsrc) {
                        /* Convert the resource fork. */
                        forkp->cf_size = recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.logicalSize;
                        forkp->cf_new_size = 0;
                        forkp->cf_blocks = recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.totalBlocks;
                        if ((hfsmp->hfc_stage == HFC_RECORDING) &&
                            (to_bsd_time(recp->hfsPlusFile.accessDate) >= hfsmp->hfc_timebase)) {
                                forkp->cf_bytesread =
                                        recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.clumpSize *
                                        HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;
                        } else {
                                forkp->cf_bytesread = 0;
                        }
                        forkp->cf_vblocks = 0;
                        bcopy(&recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.extents[0],
                              &forkp->cf_extents[0], sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));
                } else {
                        int i;
                        u_int32_t validblks;

                        /* Convert the data fork. */
                        forkp->cf_size = recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.logicalSize;
                        forkp->cf_new_size = 0;
                        forkp->cf_blocks = recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.totalBlocks;
                        if ((hfsmp->hfc_stage == HFC_RECORDING) &&
                            (to_bsd_time(recp->hfsPlusFile.accessDate) >= hfsmp->hfc_timebase)) {
                                forkp->cf_bytesread =
                                        recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.clumpSize *
                                        HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;
                        } else {
                                forkp->cf_bytesread = 0;
                        }
                        forkp->cf_vblocks = 0;
                        bcopy(&recp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.extents[0],
                              &forkp->cf_extents[0], sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));

                        /* Validate the fork's resident extents. */
                        validblks = 0;
                        for (i = 0; i < kHFSPlusExtentDensity; ++i) {
                                if (forkp->cf_extents[i].startBlock + forkp->cf_extents[i].blockCount >= hfsmp->totalBlocks) {
                                        /* Suppress any bad extents so a remove can succeed. */
                                        forkp->cf_extents[i].startBlock = 0;
                                        forkp->cf_extents[i].blockCount = 0;
                                        /* Disable writes */
                                        if (attrp != NULL) {
                                                attrp->ca_mode &= S_IFMT | S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        validblks += forkp->cf_extents[i].blockCount;
                                }
                        }
                        /* Adjust for any missing blocks. */
                        if ((validblks < forkp->cf_blocks) && (forkp->cf_extents[7].blockCount == 0)) {
                                off_t psize;

                                /* 
                                 * This is technically a volume corruption. 
                                 * If the total number of blocks calculated by iterating + summing
                                 * the extents in the resident extent records, is less than that 
                                 * which is reported in the catalog entry, we should force a fsck.  
                                 * Only modifying ca_blocks here is not guaranteed to make it out 
                                 * to disk; it is a runtime-only field. 
                                 * 
                                 * Note that we could have gotten into this state if we had invalid ranges 
                                 * that existed in borrowed blocks that somehow made it out to disk. 
                                 * The cnode's on disk block count should never be greater 
                                 * than that which is in its extent records.
                                 */

                                (void) hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent (hfsmp);

                                forkp->cf_blocks = validblks;
                                if (attrp != NULL) {
                                        attrp->ca_blocks = validblks + recp->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.totalBlocks;
                                }
                                psize = (off_t)validblks * (off_t)hfsmp->blockSize;
                                if (psize < forkp->cf_size) {
                                        forkp->cf_size = psize;
                                }

                        }
                }
        }
        if (descp != NULL) {
                HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey = NULL;

                if (std_hfs == 0) {
                        pluskey = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key;
                }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                else {
                        MALLOC(pluskey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *, sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogKey), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                        promotekey(hfsmp, (HFSCatalogKey *)&iterator->key, pluskey, &encoding);
        
                }
#endif  
        
                builddesc(pluskey, cnid, hint, encoding, isadir(recp), descp);

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                if (std_hfs) {
                        FREE(pluskey, M_TEMP);
                }
#endif

        }

        if (desc_cnid != NULL) {
            *desc_cnid = cnid;
        }
exit:
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);
        FREE(recp, M_TEMP);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cat_create - create a node in the catalog
 *
 * NOTE: both the catalog file and attribute file locks must
 *       be held before calling this function.
 *
 * The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).
 */
int
cat_create(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t new_fileid, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
        struct cat_desc *out_descp)
{
        FCB * fcb;
        struct btobj * bto;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        u_int32_t datalen;
        int std_hfs;
        int result = 0;
        u_int32_t encoding = kTextEncodingMacRoman;
        int modeformat;

        modeformat = attrp->ca_mode & S_IFMT;

        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
        std_hfs = (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD);

        /* The caller is expected to reserve a CNID before calling this function! */
        
        /* Get space for iterator, key and data */      
        MALLOC(bto, struct btobj *, sizeof(struct btobj), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bto->iterator.hint.nodeNum = 0;

        result = buildkey(hfsmp, descp, &bto->key, 0);
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        if (!std_hfs) {
                encoding = hfs_pickencoding(bto->key.nodeName.unicode,
                        bto->key.nodeName.length);
                hfs_setencodingbits(hfsmp, encoding);
        }

        /*
         * Insert the thread record first
         */
        if (!std_hfs || (modeformat == S_IFDIR)) {
                datalen = buildthread((void*)&bto->key, &bto->data, std_hfs,
                                S_ISDIR(attrp->ca_mode));
                btdata.bufferAddress = &bto->data;
                btdata.itemSize = datalen;
                btdata.itemCount = 1;
                
                /* Caller asserts the following:
                 *      1) this CNID is not in use by any orphaned EAs 
                 *  2) There are no lingering cnodes (removed on-disk but still in-core) with this CNID
                 *  3) There are no thread or catalog records for this ID 
                 */              
                buildthreadkey(new_fileid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *) &bto->iterator.key);
                result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator, &btdata, datalen);
                if (result) {
                        goto exit;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Now insert the file/directory record
         */
        buildrecord(attrp, new_fileid, std_hfs, encoding, &bto->data, &datalen);
        btdata.bufferAddress = &bto->data;
        btdata.itemSize = datalen;
        btdata.itemCount = 1;
        
        bcopy(&bto->key, &bto->iterator.key, sizeof(bto->key));

        result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator, &btdata, datalen);
        if (result) {
                if (result == btExists)
                        result = EEXIST;

                /* Back out the thread record */
                if (!std_hfs || S_ISDIR(attrp->ca_mode)) {
                        buildthreadkey(new_fileid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&bto->iterator.key);
                        if (BTDeleteRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator)) {
                                /* Error on deleting extra thread record, mark 
                                 * volume inconsistent 
                                 */
                                printf ("hfs: cat_create() failed to delete thread record id=%u on vol=%s\n", new_fileid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
                                hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent(hfsmp);
                        }
                }
                goto exit;
        }

        /*
         * Insert was successful, update name, parent and volume
         */
        if (out_descp != NULL) {
                HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey = NULL;

                if (std_hfs == 0) {
                        pluskey = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&bto->iterator.key;
                }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                else {
                        MALLOC(pluskey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *, sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogKey), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                        promotekey(hfsmp, (HFSCatalogKey *)&bto->iterator.key, pluskey, &encoding);
                } 
#endif

                builddesc(pluskey, new_fileid, bto->iterator.hint.nodeNum,
                        encoding, S_ISDIR(attrp->ca_mode), out_descp);
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                if (std_hfs) {
                        FREE(pluskey, M_TEMP);
                }
#endif

        }
        attrp->ca_fileid = new_fileid;

exit:
        (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
        FREE(bto, M_TEMP);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cnode_rename - rename a catalog node
 *
 * Assumes that the target's directory exists.
 *
 * Order of B-tree operations:
 *      1. BTSearchRecord(from_cnode, &data);
 *      2. BTInsertRecord(to_cnode, &data);
 *      3. BTDeleteRecord(from_cnode);
 *      4. BTDeleteRecord(from_thread);
 *      5. BTInsertRecord(to_thread);
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the output
 * catalog descriptor (when supplied out_cdp is non-null).
 */
int 
cat_rename (
        struct hfsmount * hfsmp,
        struct cat_desc * from_cdp,
        struct cat_desc * todir_cdp,
        struct cat_desc * to_cdp,
        struct cat_desc * out_cdp )
{
        struct BTreeIterator * to_iterator = NULL;
        struct BTreeIterator * from_iterator = NULL;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        CatalogRecord * recp = NULL;
        HFSPlusCatalogKey * to_key;
        ExtendedVCB * vcb;
        FCB * fcb;
        u_int16_t       datasize;
        int result = 0;
        int sourcegone = 0;
        int skipthread = 0;
        int directory = from_cdp->cd_flags & CD_ISDIR;
        int is_dirlink = 0;
        int std_hfs;
        u_int32_t encoding = 0;

        vcb = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp);
        fcb = GetFileControlBlock(vcb->catalogRefNum);
        std_hfs = (vcb->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord);

        if (from_cdp->cd_namelen == 0 || to_cdp->cd_namelen == 0)
                return (EINVAL);

        MALLOC(from_iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*from_iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(from_iterator, sizeof(*from_iterator));
        if ((result = buildkey(hfsmp, from_cdp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&from_iterator->key, 0)))
                goto exit;      

        MALLOC(to_iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*to_iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(to_iterator, sizeof(*to_iterator));
        if ((result = buildkey(hfsmp, to_cdp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&to_iterator->key, 0)))
                goto exit;      

        to_key = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&to_iterator->key;
        MALLOC(recp, CatalogRecord *, sizeof(CatalogRecord), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        BDINIT(btdata, recp);

        /*
         * When moving a directory, make sure its a valid move.
         */
        if (directory && (from_cdp->cd_parentcnid != to_cdp->cd_parentcnid)) {
                struct BTreeIterator *dir_iterator = NULL;

                cnid_t cnid = from_cdp->cd_cnid;
                cnid_t pathcnid = todir_cdp->cd_parentcnid;
        
                /* First check the obvious ones */
                if (cnid == fsRtDirID  ||
                    cnid == to_cdp->cd_parentcnid  ||
                    cnid == pathcnid) {
                        result = EINVAL;
                        goto exit;
                }
                /* now allocate the dir_iterator */
                MALLOC (dir_iterator, struct BTreeIterator*, sizeof(struct BTreeIterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                if (dir_iterator == NULL) {
                        return ENOMEM; 
                }
                bzero(dir_iterator, sizeof(*dir_iterator));
                        
                /*
                 * Traverse destination path all the way back to the root
                 * making sure that source directory is not encountered.
                 *
                 */
                while (pathcnid > fsRtDirID) {
                        buildthreadkey(pathcnid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&dir_iterator->key);
                        result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, dir_iterator, &btdata, &datasize, NULL);
                        if (result) {
                                FREE(dir_iterator, M_TEMP);
                                goto exit;
                        }
                        pathcnid = getparentcnid(recp);
                        if (pathcnid == cnid || pathcnid == 0) {
                                result = EINVAL;
                                FREE(dir_iterator, M_TEMP);
                                goto exit;
                        }
                }
                FREE(dir_iterator, M_TEMP);
        }

        /*
         * Step 1: Find cnode data at old location
         */
        result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata,
                                &datasize, from_iterator);
        if (result) {
                if (std_hfs || (result != btNotFound)) 
                        goto exit;

                struct cat_desc temp_desc;

                /* Probably the node has mangled name */
                result = cat_lookupmangled(hfsmp, from_cdp, 0, &temp_desc, NULL, NULL); 
                if (result)
                        goto exit;

                /* The file has mangled name.  Search the cnode data using full name */
                bzero(from_iterator, sizeof(*from_iterator));
                result = buildkey(hfsmp, &temp_desc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&from_iterator->key, 0);
                if (result) {
                        cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
                        goto exit;
                }

                result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata, &datasize, from_iterator);
                if (result) {
                        cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
                        goto exit;
                }

                cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
        }

        /* Check if the source is directory hard link.  We do not change 
         * directory flag because it is later used to initialize result descp
         */
        if ((!std_hfs) && 
            (directory) && 
            (recp->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord) &&
            (recp->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask)) {
                is_dirlink  = 1;
        }

        /*
         * Update the text encoding (on disk and in descriptor).
         *
         * Note that hardlink inodes don't require a text encoding hint.
         */
        if (!std_hfs &&
            todir_cdp->cd_parentcnid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid &&
            todir_cdp->cd_parentcnid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                encoding = hfs_pickencoding(to_key->nodeName.unicode, to_key->nodeName.length);
                hfs_setencodingbits(hfsmp, encoding);
                recp->hfsPlusFile.textEncoding = encoding;
                if (out_cdp)
                        out_cdp->cd_encoding = encoding;
        }

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        if (std_hfs && !directory &&
            !(recp->hfsFile.flags & kHFSThreadExistsMask)) {
                skipthread = 1;
        }
#endif

#if 0
        /*
         * If the keys are identical then there's nothing left to do!
         *
         * update the hint and exit
         *
         */
        if (std_hfs && hfskeycompare(to_key, iter->key) == 0)
                goto exit;      
        if (!std_hfs && hfspluskeycompare(to_key, iter->key) == 0)
                goto exit;      
#endif

        /* Step 2: Insert cnode at new location */
        result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, to_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
        if (result == btExists) {
                int fromtype = recp->recordType;
                cnid_t cnid = 0;

                if (from_cdp->cd_parentcnid != to_cdp->cd_parentcnid)
                        goto exit; /* EEXIST */

                /* Find cnode data at new location */
                result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, to_iterator, &btdata, &datasize, NULL);
                if (result)
                        goto exit;
                
                /* Get the CNID after calling searchrecord */
                cnid  = getcnid (recp);
                if (cnid == 0) {
                        hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent(hfsmp);
                        result = EINVAL;
                        goto exit;
                }

                if ((fromtype != recp->recordType) ||
                    (from_cdp->cd_cnid != cnid)) {
                        result = EEXIST;
                        goto exit; /* EEXIST */
                }
                /* The old name is a case variant and must be removed */
                result = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, from_iterator);
                if (result)
                        goto exit;

                /* Insert cnode (now that case duplicate is gone) */
                result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, to_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
                if (result) {
                        /* Try and restore original before leaving */
                    // XXXdbg
                    #if 1
                       {
                        int err;
                        err = BTInsertRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
                        if (err) {
                                printf("hfs: cat_create: could not undo (BTInsert = %d)\n", err);
                                hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent(hfsmp);
                                result = err;
                                goto exit;
                        }
                       }
                    #else
                        (void) BTInsertRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
                    #endif
                        goto exit;
                }
                sourcegone = 1;
        }
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        /* Step 3: Remove cnode from old location */
        if (!sourcegone) {
                result = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, from_iterator);
                if (result) {
                        /* Try and delete new record before leaving */
                  // XXXdbg
                  #if 1
                     {
                        int err;
                        err = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, to_iterator);
                        if (err) {
                                printf("hfs: cat_create: could not undo (BTDelete = %d)\n", err);
                                hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent(hfsmp);
                                result = err;
                                goto exit;
                        }
                     }                  
                  #else
                        (void) BTDeleteRecord(fcb, to_iterator);
                  #endif
                        goto exit;
                }
        }

        /* #### POINT OF NO RETURN #### */

        /*
         * Step 4: Remove cnode's old thread record
         */
        buildthreadkey(from_cdp->cd_cnid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&from_iterator->key);
        (void) BTDeleteRecord(fcb, from_iterator);

        /*
         * Step 5: Insert cnode's new thread record
         * (optional for HFS files)
         */
        if (!skipthread) {
                /* For directory hard links, always create a file thread 
                 * record.  For everything else, use the directory flag.
                 */
                if (is_dirlink) {
                        datasize = buildthread(&to_iterator->key, recp, std_hfs, false);
                } else {
                        datasize = buildthread(&to_iterator->key, recp, std_hfs, directory);
                }
                btdata.itemSize = datasize;
                buildthreadkey(from_cdp->cd_cnid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&from_iterator->key);
                result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, from_iterator, &btdata, datasize);
        }

        if (out_cdp) {
                HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey = NULL;

                if (std_hfs == 0) {     
                        pluskey = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&to_iterator->key;
                }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                else {
                        MALLOC(pluskey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *, sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogKey), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                        promotekey(hfsmp, (HFSCatalogKey *)&to_iterator->key, pluskey, &encoding);

                        /* Save the real encoding hint in the Finder Info (field 4). */
                        if (directory && from_cdp->cd_cnid == kHFSRootFolderID) {
                                u_int32_t realhint;

                                realhint = hfs_pickencoding(pluskey->nodeName.unicode, pluskey->nodeName.length);
                                vcb->vcbFndrInfo[4] = SET_HFS_TEXT_ENCODING(realhint);
                        }
                }
#endif

                builddesc(pluskey, from_cdp->cd_cnid, to_iterator->hint.nodeNum,
                        encoding, directory, out_cdp);
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
                if (std_hfs) {
                        FREE(pluskey, M_TEMP);
                }
#endif

        }
exit:
        (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
        if (from_iterator)
                FREE(from_iterator, M_TEMP);
        if (to_iterator)
                FREE(to_iterator, M_TEMP);
        if (recp)
                FREE(recp, M_TEMP);
        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cat_delete - delete a node from the catalog
 *
 * Order of B-tree operations:
 *      1. BTDeleteRecord(cnode);
 *      2. BTDeleteRecord(thread);
 *      3. BTUpdateRecord(parent);
 */
int
cat_delete(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp)
{
        FCB * fcb;
        BTreeIterator *iterator;
        cnid_t cnid;
        int std_hfs;
        int result;

        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
        std_hfs = (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD);

        /* Preflight check:
         *
         * The root directory cannot be deleted
         * A directory must be empty
         * A file must be zero length (no blocks)
         */
        if (descp->cd_cnid < kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID ||
            descp->cd_parentcnid == kHFSRootParentID)
                return (EINVAL);

        /* XXX Preflight Missing */
        
        /* Borrow the btcb iterator since we have an exclusive catalog lock. */ 
        iterator = &((BTreeControlBlockPtr)(fcb->ff_sysfileinfo))->iterator;
        iterator->hint.nodeNum = 0;

        /*
         * Derive a key from either the file ID (for a virtual inode)
         * or the descriptor.
         */
        if (descp->cd_namelen == 0) {
            result = getkey(hfsmp, attrp->ca_fileid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
            cnid = attrp->ca_fileid;
        } else {
                result = buildkey(hfsmp, descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key, 0);
                cnid = descp->cd_cnid;
        }
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        /* Delete record */
        result = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, iterator);
        if (result) {
                if (std_hfs || (result != btNotFound))
                        goto exit;

                struct cat_desc temp_desc;
                
                /* Probably the node has mangled name */
                result = cat_lookupmangled(hfsmp, descp, 0, &temp_desc, attrp, NULL); 
                if (result) 
                        goto exit;
                
                /* The file has mangled name.  Delete the file using full name  */
                bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
                result = buildkey(hfsmp, &temp_desc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key, 0);
                cnid = temp_desc.cd_cnid;
                if (result) {
                        cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
                        goto exit;
                }

                result = BTDeleteRecord(fcb, iterator);
                if (result) { 
                        cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
                        goto exit;
                }

                cat_releasedesc(&temp_desc);
        }

        /* Delete thread record.  On error, mark volume inconsistent */
        buildthreadkey(cnid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
        if (BTDeleteRecord(fcb, iterator)) {
                if (!std_hfs) {
                        printf ("hfs: cat_delete() failed to delete thread record id=%u on vol=%s\n", cnid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
                        hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent(hfsmp);
                }
        }

exit:
        (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cat_update_internal - update the catalog node described by descp
 * using the data from attrp and forkp.  
 * If update_hardlink is true, the hard link catalog record is updated
 * and not the inode catalog record. 
 */
static int
cat_update_internal(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, int update_hardlink, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
        struct cat_fork *dataforkp, struct cat_fork *rsrcforkp)
{
        FCB * fcb;
        BTreeIterator * iterator;
        struct update_state state;
        int result;

        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

        state.s_desc = descp;
        state.s_attr = attrp;
        state.s_datafork = dataforkp;
        state.s_rsrcfork = rsrcforkp;
        state.s_hfsmp = hfsmp;

        /* Borrow the btcb iterator since we have an exclusive catalog lock. */ 
        iterator = &((BTreeControlBlockPtr)(fcb->ff_sysfileinfo))->iterator;

        /*
         * For open-deleted files we need to do a lookup by cnid
         * (using thread rec).
         *
         * For hard links and if not requested by caller, the target 
         * of the update is the inode itself (not the link record) 
         * so a lookup by fileid (i.e. thread rec) is needed.
         */
        if ((update_hardlink == false) && 
            ((descp->cd_cnid != attrp->ca_fileid) ||
             (descp->cd_namelen == 0) ||
             (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask))) {
                result = getkey(hfsmp, attrp->ca_fileid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
        } else {
                result = buildkey(hfsmp, descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key, 0);
        }
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        /* Pass a node hint */
        iterator->hint.nodeNum = descp->cd_hint;

        result = BTUpdateRecord(fcb, iterator,
                                (IterateCallBackProcPtr)catrec_update, &state);
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        /* Update the node hint. */
        descp->cd_hint = iterator->hint.nodeNum;

exit:
        (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * cat_update - update the catalog node described by descp
 * using the data from attrp and forkp. 
 */
int
cat_update(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
        struct cat_fork *dataforkp, struct cat_fork *rsrcforkp)
{
        return cat_update_internal(hfsmp, false, descp, attrp, dataforkp, rsrcforkp);
}

/*
 * catrec_update - Update the fields of a catalog record
 * This is called from within BTUpdateRecord.
 */
static int
catrec_update(const CatalogKey *ckp, CatalogRecord *crp, struct update_state *state)
{
        struct cat_desc *descp;
        struct cat_attr *attrp;
        struct cat_fork *forkp;
        struct hfsmount *hfsmp;
        long blksize;

        descp   = state->s_desc;
        attrp   = state->s_attr;
        hfsmp   = state->s_hfsmp;
        blksize = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;

        switch (crp->recordType) {

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        case kHFSFolderRecord: {
                HFSCatalogFolder *dir;
                
                dir = (struct HFSCatalogFolder *)crp;
                /* Do a quick sanity check */
                if ((ckp->hfs.parentID != descp->cd_parentcnid) ||
                    (dir->folderID != descp->cd_cnid))
                        return (btNotFound);
                dir->valence    = attrp->ca_entries;
                dir->createDate = UTCToLocal(to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_itime));
                dir->modifyDate = UTCToLocal(to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_mtime));
                dir->backupDate = UTCToLocal(to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_btime));
                bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[0], &dir->userInfo, 16);
                bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[16], &dir->finderInfo, 16);
                break;
        }
        case kHFSFileRecord: {
                HFSCatalogFile *file;
                int i;

                file = (struct HFSCatalogFile *)crp;
                /* Do a quick sanity check */
                if ((ckp->hfs.parentID != descp->cd_parentcnid) ||
                    (file->fileID != attrp->ca_fileid))
                        return (btNotFound);
                file->createDate = UTCToLocal(to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_itime));
                file->modifyDate = UTCToLocal(to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_mtime));
                file->backupDate = UTCToLocal(to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_btime));
                bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[0], &file->userInfo, 16);
                bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[16], &file->finderInfo, 16);
                if (state->s_rsrcfork) {
                        forkp = state->s_rsrcfork;
                        file->rsrcLogicalSize  = forkp->cf_size;
                        file->rsrcPhysicalSize = forkp->cf_blocks * blksize;
                        for (i = 0; i < kHFSExtentDensity; ++i) {
                                file->rsrcExtents[i].startBlock =
                                        (u_int16_t)forkp->cf_extents[i].startBlock;
                                file->rsrcExtents[i].blockCount =
                                        (u_int16_t)forkp->cf_extents[i].blockCount;
                        }
                }
                if (state->s_datafork) {
                        forkp = state->s_datafork;
                        file->dataLogicalSize  = forkp->cf_size;
                        file->dataPhysicalSize = forkp->cf_blocks * blksize;
                        for (i = 0; i < kHFSExtentDensity; ++i) {
                                file->dataExtents[i].startBlock =
                                        (u_int16_t)forkp->cf_extents[i].startBlock;
                                file->dataExtents[i].blockCount =
                                        (u_int16_t)forkp->cf_extents[i].blockCount;
                        }
                }

                /* Synchronize the lock state */
                if (attrp->ca_flags & (SF_IMMUTABLE | UF_IMMUTABLE))
                        file->flags |= kHFSFileLockedMask;
                else
                        file->flags &= ~kHFSFileLockedMask;
                break;
        }
#endif
        
        case kHFSPlusFolderRecord: {
                HFSPlusCatalogFolder *dir;
                
                dir = (struct HFSPlusCatalogFolder *)crp;
                /* Do a quick sanity check */
                if (dir->folderID != attrp->ca_fileid) {
                        printf("hfs: catrec_update: id %d != %d, vol=%s\n", dir->folderID, attrp->ca_fileid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
                        return (btNotFound);
                }
                dir->flags            = attrp->ca_recflags;
                dir->valence          = attrp->ca_entries;
                dir->createDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_itime);
                dir->contentModDate   = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_mtime);
                dir->backupDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_btime);
                dir->accessDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_atime);
                attrp->ca_atimeondisk = attrp->ca_atime;        
                dir->attributeModDate = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_ctime);
                /* Note: directory hardlink inodes don't require a text encoding hint. */
                if (ckp->hfsPlus.parentID != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                        dir->textEncoding = descp->cd_encoding;
                }
                dir->folderCount      = attrp->ca_dircount;
                bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[0], &dir->userInfo, 32);
                /*
                 * Update the BSD Info if it was already initialized on
                 * disk or if the runtime values have been modified.
                 *
                 * If the BSD info was already initialized, but
                 * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set, then the runtime IDs are
                 * probably different than what was on disk.  We don't want
                 * to overwrite the on-disk values (so if we turn off
                 * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS, the old IDs get used again).
                 * This way, we can still change fields like the mode or
                 * dates even when MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set.
                 *
                 * Note that if MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set, hfs_chown
                 * won't change the uid or gid from their defaults.  So, if
                 * the BSD info wasn't set, and the runtime values are not
                 * default, then what changed was the mode or flags.  We
                 * have to set the uid and gid to something, so use the
                 * supplied values (which will be default), which has the
                 * same effect as creating a new file while
                 * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set.
                 */
                if ((dir->bsdInfo.fileMode != 0) ||
                    (attrp->ca_flags != 0) ||
                    (attrp->ca_uid != hfsmp->hfs_uid) ||
                    (attrp->ca_gid != hfsmp->hfs_gid) ||
                    ((attrp->ca_mode & ALLPERMS) !=
                     (hfsmp->hfs_dir_mask & ACCESSPERMS))) {
                        if ((dir->bsdInfo.fileMode == 0) ||
                            (((unsigned int)vfs_flags(HFSTOVFS(hfsmp))) & MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS) == 0) {
                                dir->bsdInfo.ownerID = attrp->ca_uid;
                                dir->bsdInfo.groupID = attrp->ca_gid;
                        }
                        dir->bsdInfo.ownerFlags = attrp->ca_flags & 0x000000FF;
                        dir->bsdInfo.adminFlags = attrp->ca_flags >> 16;
                        dir->bsdInfo.fileMode   = attrp->ca_mode;
                        /* A directory hardlink has a link count. */
                        if (attrp->ca_linkcount > 1 || dir->hl_linkCount > 1) {
                                dir->hl_linkCount = attrp->ca_linkcount;
                        }
                }
                break;
        }
        case kHFSPlusFileRecord: {
                HFSPlusCatalogFile *file;
                int is_dirlink; 
                
                file = (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)crp;
                /* Do a quick sanity check */
                if (file->fileID != attrp->ca_fileid)
                        return (btNotFound);
                file->flags            = attrp->ca_recflags;
                file->createDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_itime);
                file->contentModDate   = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_mtime);
                file->backupDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_btime);
                file->accessDate       = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_atime);
                attrp->ca_atimeondisk  = attrp->ca_atime;       
                file->attributeModDate = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_ctime);
                /*
                 * Note: file hardlink inodes don't require a text encoding
                 * hint, but they do have a first link value.
                 */
                if (ckp->hfsPlus.parentID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                        file->hl_firstLinkID = attrp->ca_firstlink;
                } else {
                        file->textEncoding = descp->cd_encoding;
                }
                bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[0], &file->userInfo, 32);
                /*
                 * Update the BSD Info if it was already initialized on
                 * disk or if the runtime values have been modified.
                 *
                 * If the BSD info was already initialized, but
                 * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set, then the runtime IDs are
                 * probably different than what was on disk.  We don't want
                 * to overwrite the on-disk values (so if we turn off
                 * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS, the old IDs get used again).
                 * This way, we can still change fields like the mode or
                 * dates even when MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set.
                 *
                 * Note that if MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set, hfs_chown
                 * won't change the uid or gid from their defaults.  So, if
                 * the BSD info wasn't set, and the runtime values are not
                 * default, then what changed was the mode or flags.  We
                 * have to set the uid and gid to something, so use the
                 * supplied values (which will be default), which has the
                 * same effect as creating a new file while
                 * MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS is set.
                 *
                 * Do not modify bsdInfo for directory hard link records.
                 * They are set during creation and are not modifiable, so just 
                 * leave them alone. 
                 */
                is_dirlink = (file->flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) &&     
                             (SWAP_BE32(file->userInfo.fdType) == kHFSAliasType) && 
                             (SWAP_BE32(file->userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator);

                if (!is_dirlink && 
                    ((file->bsdInfo.fileMode != 0) ||
                     (attrp->ca_flags != 0) ||
                     (attrp->ca_uid != hfsmp->hfs_uid) ||
                     (attrp->ca_gid != hfsmp->hfs_gid) ||
                     ((attrp->ca_mode & ALLPERMS) !=
                      (hfsmp->hfs_file_mask & ACCESSPERMS)))) {
                        if ((file->bsdInfo.fileMode == 0) ||
                            (((unsigned int)vfs_flags(HFSTOVFS(hfsmp))) & MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS) == 0) {
                                file->bsdInfo.ownerID = attrp->ca_uid;
                                file->bsdInfo.groupID = attrp->ca_gid;
                        }
                        file->bsdInfo.ownerFlags = attrp->ca_flags & 0x000000FF;
                        file->bsdInfo.adminFlags = attrp->ca_flags >> 16;
                        file->bsdInfo.fileMode   = attrp->ca_mode;
                }
                if (state->s_rsrcfork) {
                        forkp = state->s_rsrcfork;
                        file->resourceFork.logicalSize = forkp->cf_size;
                        file->resourceFork.totalBlocks = forkp->cf_blocks;
                        bcopy(&forkp->cf_extents[0], &file->resourceFork.extents,
                                sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));
                        /* Push blocks read to disk */
                        file->resourceFork.clumpSize =
                                        howmany(forkp->cf_bytesread, blksize);
                }
                if (state->s_datafork) {
                        forkp = state->s_datafork;
                        file->dataFork.logicalSize = forkp->cf_size;
                        file->dataFork.totalBlocks = forkp->cf_blocks;
                        bcopy(&forkp->cf_extents[0], &file->dataFork.extents,
                                sizeof(HFSPlusExtentRecord));
                        /* Push blocks read to disk */
                        file->dataFork.clumpSize =
                                        howmany(forkp->cf_bytesread, blksize);
                }

                if ((file->resourceFork.extents[0].startBlock != 0) &&
                    (file->resourceFork.extents[0].startBlock ==
                     file->dataFork.extents[0].startBlock)) {
                        panic("hfs: catrec_update: rsrc fork == data fork");
                }

                /* Synchronize the lock state */
                if (attrp->ca_flags & (SF_IMMUTABLE | UF_IMMUTABLE))
                        file->flags |= kHFSFileLockedMask;
                else
                        file->flags &= ~kHFSFileLockedMask;

                /* Push out special field if necessary */
                if (S_ISBLK(attrp->ca_mode) || S_ISCHR(attrp->ca_mode)) {
                        file->bsdInfo.special.rawDevice = attrp->ca_rdev;
                } 
                else {
                        /* 
                         * Protect against the degenerate case where the descriptor contains the
                         * raw inode ID in its CNID field.  If the HFSPlusCatalogFile record indicates
                         * the linkcount was greater than 1 (the default value), then it must have become
                         * a hardlink.  In this case, update the linkcount from the cat_attr passed in.
                         */
                        if ((descp->cd_cnid != attrp->ca_fileid) || (attrp->ca_linkcount > 1 ) ||
                                (file->hl_linkCount > 1)) {
                                file->hl_linkCount = attrp->ca_linkcount;
                        }
                }
                break;
        }
        default:
                return (btNotFound);
        }
        return (0);
}

/* This function sets kHFSHasChildLinkBit in a directory hierarchy in the 
 * catalog btree of given cnid by walking up the parent chain till it reaches 
 * either the root folder, or the private metadata directory for storing 
 * directory hard links.  This function updates the corresponding in-core 
 * cnode, if any, and the directory record in the catalog btree.
 * On success, returns zero.  On failure, returns non-zero value.
 */
__private_extern__
int 
cat_set_childlinkbit(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid)
{
        int retval = 0;
        int lockflags = 0;
        struct cat_desc desc;
        struct cat_attr attr;

        while ((cnid != kHFSRootFolderID) && (cnid != kHFSRootParentID) &&
               (cnid != hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid)) {
                /* Update the bit in corresponding cnode, if any, in the hash.
                 * If the cnode has the bit already set, stop the traversal.
                 */
                retval = hfs_chash_set_childlinkbit(hfsmp, cnid);
                if (retval == 0) {
                        break;
                }

                /* Update the catalog record on disk if either cnode was not
                 * found in the hash, or if a cnode was found and the cnode 
                 * did not have the bit set previously.
                 */
                retval = hfs_start_transaction(hfsmp);
                if (retval) {
                        break;
                }
                lockflags = hfs_systemfile_lock(hfsmp, SFL_CATALOG, HFS_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);

                /* Look up our catalog folder record */
                retval = cat_idlookup(hfsmp, cnid, 0, 0, &desc, &attr, NULL);
                if (retval) {
                        hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);
                        hfs_end_transaction(hfsmp);
                        break;
                }

                /* Update the bit in the catalog record */
                attr.ca_recflags |= kHFSHasChildLinkMask;
                retval = cat_update(hfsmp, &desc, &attr, NULL, NULL);
                if (retval) {
                        hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);
                        hfs_end_transaction(hfsmp);
                        cat_releasedesc(&desc);
                        break;
                }

                hfs_systemfile_unlock(hfsmp, lockflags);
                hfs_end_transaction(hfsmp);

                cnid = desc.cd_parentcnid;
                cat_releasedesc(&desc);
        }

        return retval;
}

/* This function traverses the parent directory hierarchy from the given 
 * directory to one level below root directory and checks if any of its 
 * ancestors is - 
 *      1. A directory hard link.  
 *      2. The 'pointed at' directory.
 * If any of these conditions fail or an internal error is encountered 
 * during look up of the catalog record, this function returns non-zero value.
 */
__private_extern__
int
cat_check_link_ancestry(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, cnid_t pointed_at_cnid)
{
        HFSPlusCatalogKey *keyp;
        BTreeIterator *ip;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        HFSPlusCatalogFolder folder;
        FCB *fcb;
        int invalid;
        int result;

        invalid = 0;
        BDINIT(btdata, &folder);
        MALLOC(ip, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*ip), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        keyp = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&ip->key;
        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

        while (cnid != kHFSRootParentID) {
                /* Check if the 'pointed at' directory is an ancestor */
                if (pointed_at_cnid == cnid) {
                        invalid = 1;
                        break;
                }
                if ((result = getkey(hfsmp, cnid, (CatalogKey *)keyp))) {
                        printf("hfs: cat_check_link_ancestry: getkey failed id=%u, vol=%s\n", cnid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
                        invalid = 1;  /* On errors, assume an invalid parent */
                        break;
                }
                if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, ip, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
                        printf("hfs: cat_check_link_ancestry: cannot find id=%u, vol=%s\n", cnid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
                        invalid = 1;  /* On errors, assume an invalid parent */
                        break;
                }
                /* Check if this ancestor is a directory hard link */
                if (folder.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
                        invalid = 1;
                        break;
                }
                cnid = keyp->parentID;
        }
        FREE(ip, M_TEMP);
        return (invalid);
}


/*
 * update_siblinglinks_callback - update a link's chain
 */

struct linkupdate_state {
        cnid_t filelinkid;
        cnid_t prevlinkid;
        cnid_t nextlinkid;
};

static int
update_siblinglinks_callback(__unused const CatalogKey *ckp, CatalogRecord *crp, struct linkupdate_state *state)
{
        HFSPlusCatalogFile *file;

        if (crp->recordType != kHFSPlusFileRecord) {
                printf("hfs: update_siblinglinks_callback: unexpected rec type %d\n", crp->recordType);
                return (btNotFound);
        }

        file = (struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)crp;
        if (file->flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
                if (state->prevlinkid != HFS_IGNORABLE_LINK) {
                        file->hl_prevLinkID = state->prevlinkid;
                }
                if (state->nextlinkid != HFS_IGNORABLE_LINK) {
                        file->hl_nextLinkID = state->nextlinkid;
                }
        } else {
                printf("hfs: update_siblinglinks_callback: file %d isn't a chain\n", file->fileID);
        }
        return (0);
}

/*
 * cat_update_siblinglinks - update a link's chain
 */
int
cat_update_siblinglinks(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t linkfileid, cnid_t prevlinkid, cnid_t nextlinkid)
{
        FCB * fcb;
        BTreeIterator * iterator;
        struct linkupdate_state state;
        int result;

        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
        state.filelinkid = linkfileid;
        state.prevlinkid = prevlinkid;
        state.nextlinkid = nextlinkid;

        /* Create an iterator for use by us temporarily */
        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        
        result = getkey(hfsmp, linkfileid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);
        if (result == 0) {
                result = BTUpdateRecord(fcb, iterator, (IterateCallBackProcPtr)update_siblinglinks_callback, &state);
                (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
        } else {
                printf("hfs: cat_update_siblinglinks: couldn't resolve cnid=%d, vol=%s\n", linkfileid, hfsmp->vcbVN);
        }
        
        FREE (iterator, M_TEMP);
        return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * cat_lookuplink - lookup a link by it's name
 */
int
cat_lookuplink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, cnid_t *linkfileid, cnid_t *prevlinkid,  cnid_t *nextlinkid)
{
        FCB * fcb;
        BTreeIterator * iterator;
        struct FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        struct HFSPlusCatalogFile file;
        int result;

        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

        /* Create an iterator for use by us temporarily */
        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));

        if ((result = buildkey(hfsmp, descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key, 0))) {
                goto exit;
        }
        BDINIT(btdata, &file);

        if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
                goto exit;
        }
        if (file.recordType != kHFSPlusFileRecord) {
                result = ENOENT;
                goto exit;
        }
        *linkfileid = file.fileID;

        if (file.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
                *prevlinkid = file.hl_prevLinkID;
                *nextlinkid = file.hl_nextLinkID;
        } else {
                *prevlinkid = 0;
                *nextlinkid = 0;
        }
exit:
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);
        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cat_lookup_siblinglinks - lookup previous and next link ID for link using its cnid
 */
int
cat_lookup_siblinglinks(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t linkfileid, cnid_t *prevlinkid,  cnid_t *nextlinkid)
{
        FCB * fcb;
        BTreeIterator * iterator;
        struct FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        struct HFSPlusCatalogFile file;
        int result;

        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

        /* Create an iterator for use by us temporarily */
        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        
        if ((result = getkey(hfsmp, linkfileid, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key))) {
                goto exit;
        }
        BDINIT(btdata, &file);

        if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
                goto exit;
        }
        /* The prev/next chain is only valid when kHFSHasLinkChainMask is set. */
        if (file.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
                cnid_t parent;

                parent = ((HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key)->parentID;

                /* directory inodes don't have a chain (its in an EA) */
                if (parent == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                        result = ENOLINK;  /* signal to caller to get head of list */
                } else if (parent == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                        *prevlinkid = 0;
                        *nextlinkid = file.hl_firstLinkID;
                } else {
                        *prevlinkid = file.hl_prevLinkID;
                        *nextlinkid = file.hl_nextLinkID;
                }
        } else {
                *prevlinkid = 0;
                *nextlinkid = 0;
        }
exit:
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);         
        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cat_lookup_lastlink - find the last sibling link in the chain (no "next" ptr)
 */
int
cat_lookup_lastlink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t linkfileid, 
                cnid_t *lastlink, struct cat_desc *cdesc)
{
        FCB * fcb;
        BTreeIterator * iterator;
        struct FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        struct HFSPlusCatalogFile file;
        int result;
        int itercount = 0;
        int foundlast = 0;
        cnid_t currentlink = linkfileid;
        
        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
        
        /* Create an iterator for use by us temporarily */
        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);

        while ((foundlast == 0) && (itercount < HFS_LINK_MAX )) {
                itercount++;
                bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));

                if ((result = getkey(hfsmp, currentlink, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key))) {
                        goto exit;
                }
                BDINIT(btdata, &file);

                if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
                        goto exit;
                }

                /* The prev/next chain is only valid when kHFSHasLinkChainMask is set. */
                if (file.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
                        cnid_t parent;

                        parent = ((HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key)->parentID;
                        /* 
                         * The raw inode for a directory hardlink doesn't have a chain.
                         * Its link information lives in an EA. 
                         */
                        if (parent == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                                /* We don't iterate to find the oldest directory hardlink. */
                                result = ENOLINK; 
                                goto exit;
                        } 
                        else if (parent == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                                /* Raw inode for file hardlink (the base inode) */
                                currentlink = file.hl_firstLinkID;
                        
                                /* 
                                 * One minor special-casing here is necessary.
                                 * If our ID brought us to the raw hardlink inode, and it does
                                 * not have any siblings, then it's an open-unlinked file, and we
                                 * should not proceed any further.
                                 */ 
                                if (currentlink == 0) {
                                        result = ENOLINK;
                                        goto exit;
                                }
                        } 
                        else {
                                /* Otherwise, this item's parent is a legitimate directory in the namespace */
                                if (file.hl_nextLinkID == 0) {
                                        /* If nextLinkID is 0, then we found the end; no more hardlinks */
                                        foundlast = 1;
                                        *lastlink = currentlink;
                                        /* 
                                         * Since we had to construct a catalog key to do this lookup
                                         * we still hold it in-hand.  We might as well use it to build 
                                         * the descriptor that the caller asked for.
                                         */
                                        builddesc ((HFSPlusCatalogKey*)&iterator->key, currentlink, 0, 0, 0, cdesc);
                                        break;
                                }

                                currentlink = file.hl_nextLinkID;
                        }
                } 
                else {
                        /* Sorry, can't help you without a link chain */
                        result = ENOLINK;
                        goto exit;
                }
        }
exit:
        /* If we didn't find what we were looking for, zero out the args */
        if (foundlast == 0) {
                if (cdesc) {
                        bzero (cdesc, sizeof(struct cat_desc));
                }
                if (lastlink) {
                        *lastlink = 0;
                }
        }

        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);         
        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * cat_createlink - create a link in the catalog
 *
 * The following cat_attr fields are expected to be set:
 *       ca_linkref
 *       ca_itime
 *       ca_mode (S_IFREG)
 *       ca_recflags
 *       ca_flags
 *       ca_finderinfo (type and creator)
 */
int
cat_createlink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp,
               cnid_t nextlinkid, cnid_t *linkfileid)
{
        FCB * fcb;
        struct btobj * bto;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        HFSPlusForkData *rsrcforkp;
        u_int32_t nextCNID;
        u_int32_t datalen;
        u_int32_t encoding;
        int thread_inserted = 0;
        int alias_allocated = 0;
        int result = 0;
        int std_hfs;

        std_hfs = (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD);

        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

        /*
         * Get the next CNID. We can change it since we hold the catalog lock.
         */
        nextCNID = hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID;
        if (nextCNID == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
                hfs_lock_mount (hfsmp);
                hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID = kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID;
                hfsmp->vcbAtrb |= kHFSCatalogNodeIDsReusedMask;
                hfs_unlock_mount(hfsmp);
        } else {
                hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID++;
        }
        MarkVCBDirty(hfsmp);

        /* Get space for iterator, key and data */      
        MALLOC(bto, struct btobj *, sizeof(struct btobj), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bto->iterator.hint.nodeNum = 0;
        rsrcforkp = &bto->data.hfsPlusFile.resourceFork;

        result = buildkey(hfsmp, descp, &bto->key, 0);
        if (result) {
                printf("hfs: cat_createlink: err %d from buildkey\n", result);
                goto exit;
        }

        /* This is our only chance to set the encoding (other than a rename). */
        encoding = hfs_pickencoding(bto->key.nodeName.unicode, bto->key.nodeName.length);

        /* Insert the thread record first. */
        datalen = buildthread((void*)&bto->key, &bto->data, 0, 0);
        btdata.bufferAddress = &bto->data;
        btdata.itemSize = datalen;
        btdata.itemCount = 1;
        
        for (;;) {
                buildthreadkey(nextCNID, 0, (CatalogKey *) &bto->iterator.key);
        
                /*
                 * If the CNID wraparound bit is set, then we need to validate if there
                 * is a cnode in the hash already with this ID (even if it no longer exists
                 * on disk).  If so, then just skip this ID and move on to the next one. 
                 */
                if (!std_hfs && (hfsmp->vcbAtrb & kHFSCatalogNodeIDsReusedMask)) {
                        /* Verify that the CNID does not already exist in the cnode hash... */
                        if (hfs_chash_snoop (hfsmp, nextCNID, 1, NULL, NULL) == 0) {
                                /* It was found in the cnode hash!*/
                                result = btExists;
                        }       
                }

                if (result == 0) {
                        result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator, &btdata, datalen);
                }

                if ((result == btExists) && (hfsmp->vcbAtrb & kHFSCatalogNodeIDsReusedMask)) {
                        /*
                         * Allow CNIDs on HFS Plus volumes to wrap around
                         */
                        if (++nextCNID < kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID) {
                                nextCNID = kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID;
                        }
                        continue;
                }
                if (result == 0) {
                        thread_inserted = 1;
                }
                break;
        }
        if (result)
                goto exit;
        
        /*
         * CNID is now established. If we have wrapped then
         * update the vcbNxtCNID.
         */
        if ((hfsmp->vcbAtrb & kHFSCatalogNodeIDsReusedMask)) {
                hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID = nextCNID + 1;
                if (hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID < kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID) {
                        hfsmp->vcbNxtCNID = kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Now insert the link record.
         */
        buildrecord(attrp, nextCNID, 0, encoding, &bto->data, &datalen);
        
        bto->data.hfsPlusFile.hl_prevLinkID = 0;
        bto->data.hfsPlusFile.hl_nextLinkID = nextlinkid;
        bto->data.hfsPlusFile.hl_linkReference = attrp->ca_linkref;

        /* For directory hard links, create alias in resource fork */
        if (descp->cd_flags & CD_ISDIR) {
                if ((result = cat_makealias(hfsmp, attrp->ca_linkref, &bto->data.hfsPlusFile))) {
                        goto exit;
                }
                alias_allocated = 1;
        }
        btdata.bufferAddress = &bto->data;
        btdata.itemSize = datalen;
        btdata.itemCount = 1;
        
        bcopy(&bto->key, &bto->iterator.key, sizeof(bto->key));

        result = BTInsertRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator, &btdata, datalen);
        if (result) {
                if (result == btExists)
                        result = EEXIST;
                goto exit;
        }
        if (linkfileid != NULL) {
                *linkfileid = nextCNID;
        }
exit:   
        if (result) {
                if (thread_inserted) {
                        printf("hfs: cat_createlink: BTInsertRecord err=%d, vol=%s\n", MacToVFSError(result), hfsmp->vcbVN);

                        buildthreadkey(nextCNID, 0, (CatalogKey *)&bto->iterator.key);
                        if (BTDeleteRecord(fcb, &bto->iterator)) {
                                printf("hfs: cat_createlink() failed to delete thread record on volume %s\n", hfsmp->vcbVN);
                                hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent(hfsmp);
                        }
                }
                if (alias_allocated && rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock != 0) {
                        (void) BlockDeallocate(hfsmp, rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock,
                                               rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount, 0);
                        rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock = 0;
                        rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount = 0;
                }
        }
        (void) BTFlushPath(fcb);
        FREE(bto, M_TEMP);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/* Directory hard links are visible as aliases on pre-Leopard systems and 
 * as normal directories on Leopard or later.  All directory hard link aliases 
 * have the same resource fork content except for the three uniquely 
 * identifying values that are updated in the resource fork data when the alias 
 * is created.  The following array is the constant resource fork data used 
 * only for creating directory hard link aliases.
 */
static const char hfs_dirlink_alias_rsrc[] = {
        0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x9e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x32, 
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9a, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x2b,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x9e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x73,
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};

/* Constants for directory hard link alias */
enum {
        /* Size of resource fork data array for directory hard link alias */
        kHFSAliasSize                = 0x1d0,

        /* Volume type for ejectable devices like disk image */
        kHFSAliasVolTypeEjectable    = 0x5,

        /* Offset for volume create date, in Mac OS local time */
        kHFSAliasVolCreateDateOffset = 0x12a,

        /* Offset for the type of volume */
        kHFSAliasVolTypeOffset       = 0x130,

        /* Offset for folder ID of the parent directory of the directory inode */
        kHFSAliasParentIDOffset      = 0x132,

        /* Offset for folder ID of the directory inode */
        kHFSAliasTargetIDOffset      = 0x176,
};

/* Create and write an alias that points at the directory represented by given
 * inode number on the same volume.  Directory hard links are visible as 
 * aliases in pre-Leopard systems and this function creates these aliases.  
 *
 * Note: This code is very specific to creating alias for the purpose 
 * of directory hard links only, and should not be generalized.
 */
static int
cat_makealias(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t inode_num, struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp)
{
        struct buf *bp;
        daddr64_t blkno;
        u_int32_t blkcount;
        int blksize;
        int sectorsize;
        int result;
        HFSPlusForkData *rsrcforkp;
        char *alias;
        uint32_t *valptr;

        rsrcforkp = &(crp->resourceFork);

        blksize = hfsmp->blockSize;
        blkcount = howmany(kHFSAliasSize, blksize);
        sectorsize = hfsmp->hfs_logical_block_size;
        bzero(rsrcforkp, sizeof(HFSPlusForkData));

        /* Allocate some disk space for the alias content. */
        result = BlockAllocate(hfsmp, 0, blkcount, blkcount, 
                               HFS_ALLOC_FORCECONTIG | HFS_ALLOC_METAZONE, 
                               &rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock,
                               &rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount);
        /* Did it fail with an out of space error? If so, re-try and allow journal flushing. */
        if (result == dskFulErr ) {     
                result = BlockAllocate(hfsmp, 0, blkcount, blkcount, 
                               HFS_ALLOC_FORCECONTIG | HFS_ALLOC_METAZONE | HFS_ALLOC_FLUSHTXN, 
                               &rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock,
                               &rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount);
        }
        if (result) {
                rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock = 0;
                goto exit;
        }

        /* Acquire a buffer cache block for our block. */
        blkno = ((u_int64_t)rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock * (u_int64_t)blksize) / sectorsize;
        blkno += hfsmp->hfsPlusIOPosOffset / sectorsize;

        bp = buf_getblk(hfsmp->hfs_devvp, blkno, roundup(kHFSAliasSize, hfsmp->hfs_logical_block_size), 0, 0, BLK_META);
        if (hfsmp->jnl) {
                journal_modify_block_start(hfsmp->jnl, bp);
        }

        /* Generate alias content */
        alias = (char *)buf_dataptr(bp);
        bzero(alias, buf_size(bp));
        bcopy(hfs_dirlink_alias_rsrc, alias, kHFSAliasSize);

        /* Set the volume create date, local time in Mac OS format */
        valptr = (uint32_t *)(alias + kHFSAliasVolCreateDateOffset);
        *valptr = OSSwapHostToBigInt32(hfsmp->localCreateDate);

        /* If the file system is on a virtual device like disk image, 
         * update the volume type to be ejectable device.  
         */
        if (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_VIRTUAL_DEVICE) {
                *(uint16_t *)(alias + kHFSAliasVolTypeOffset) = 
                OSSwapHostToBigInt16(kHFSAliasVolTypeEjectable);
        }

        /* Set id of the parent of the target directory */
        valptr = (uint32_t *)(alias + kHFSAliasParentIDOffset);
        *valptr = OSSwapHostToBigInt32(hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid);

        /* Set id of the target directory */
        valptr = (uint32_t *)(alias + kHFSAliasTargetIDOffset);
        *valptr = OSSwapHostToBigInt32(inode_num);

        /* Write alias content to disk. */
        if (hfsmp->jnl) {
                journal_modify_block_end(hfsmp->jnl, bp, NULL, NULL);
        } else if ((result = buf_bwrite(bp))) {
                goto exit;
        }

        /* Finish initializing the fork data. */
        rsrcforkp->logicalSize = kHFSAliasSize;
        rsrcforkp->totalBlocks = rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount;

exit:
        if (result && rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock != 0) {
                (void) BlockDeallocate(hfsmp, rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock, rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount, 0);
                rsrcforkp->extents[0].startBlock = 0;
                rsrcforkp->extents[0].blockCount = 0;
                rsrcforkp->logicalSize = 0;
                rsrcforkp->totalBlocks = 0;
        }
        return (result);
}

/*
 * cat_deletelink - delete a link from the catalog
 */
int
cat_deletelink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp)
{
        struct HFSPlusCatalogFile file;
        struct cat_attr cattr;
        uint32_t totalBlocks;
        int i;
        int result;

        bzero(&file, sizeof (file));
        bzero(&cattr, sizeof (cattr));
        cattr.ca_fileid = descp->cd_cnid;

        /* Directory links have alias content to remove. */
        if (descp->cd_flags & CD_ISDIR) {
                FCB * fcb;
                BTreeIterator * iterator;
                struct FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        
                fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;
        
                /* Borrow the btcb iterator since we have an exclusive catalog lock. */ 
                iterator = &((BTreeControlBlockPtr)(fcb->ff_sysfileinfo))->iterator;
                iterator->hint.nodeNum = 0;
        
                if ((result = buildkey(hfsmp, descp, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key, 0))) {
                        goto exit;
                }
                BDINIT(btdata, &file);
        
                if ((result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, &btdata, NULL, NULL))) {
                        goto exit;
                }
        }

        result = cat_delete(hfsmp, descp, &cattr);
        
        if ((result == 0) && 
            (descp->cd_flags & CD_ISDIR) && 
            (file.recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord)) {

                totalBlocks = file.resourceFork.totalBlocks;

                for (i = 0; (i < 8) && (totalBlocks > 0); i++) {
                        if ((file.resourceFork.extents[i].blockCount == 0) &&
                            (file.resourceFork.extents[i].startBlock == 0)) {
                                break;
                        }

                        (void) BlockDeallocate(hfsmp, 
                                file.resourceFork.extents[i].startBlock, 
                                file.resourceFork.extents[i].blockCount, 0);

                        totalBlocks -= file.resourceFork.extents[i].blockCount;
                        file.resourceFork.extents[i].startBlock = 0;
                        file.resourceFork.extents[i].blockCount = 0;
                }
        }
exit:   
        return (result);
}


/*
 * Callback to collect directory entries.
 * Called with readattr_state for each item in a directory.
 */
struct readattr_state {
        struct hfsmount *hfsmp;
        struct cat_entrylist *list;
        cnid_t  dir_cnid;
        int stdhfs;
        int error;
};

static int
getentriesattr_callback(const CatalogKey *key, const CatalogRecord *rec,
             struct readattr_state *state)
{
        struct cat_entrylist *list = state->list;
        struct hfsmount *hfsmp = state->hfsmp;
        struct cat_entry *cep;
        cnid_t parentcnid;

        if (list->realentries >= list->maxentries)
                return (0);  /* stop */
        
        parentcnid = state->stdhfs ? key->hfs.parentID : key->hfsPlus.parentID;

        switch(rec->recordType) {
        case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFileRecord:
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        case kHFSFolderRecord:
        case kHFSFileRecord:
#endif
                if (parentcnid != state->dir_cnid) {
                        state->error = ENOENT;
                        return (0);     /* stop */
                }
                break;
        default:
                state->error = ENOENT;
                return (0);     /* stop */
        }

        /* Hide the private system directories and journal files */
        if (parentcnid == kHFSRootFolderID) {
                if (rec->recordType == kHFSPlusFolderRecord) {
                        if (rec->hfsPlusFolder.folderID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid ||
                            rec->hfsPlusFolder.folderID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                                list->skipentries++;
                                return (1);     /* continue */
                        }
                }
                if ((hfsmp->jnl || ((HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbAtrb & kHFSVolumeJournaledMask) && (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_READ_ONLY))) &&
                    (rec->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord) &&
                    ((rec->hfsPlusFile.fileID == hfsmp->hfs_jnlfileid) ||
                     (rec->hfsPlusFile.fileID == hfsmp->hfs_jnlinfoblkid))) {
                        list->skipentries++;
                        return (1);     /* continue */
                }
        }

        cep = &list->entry[list->realentries++];
 
        if (state->stdhfs == 0) {
                getbsdattr(hfsmp, (const struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *)rec, &cep->ce_attr);
                builddesc((const HFSPlusCatalogKey *)key, getcnid(rec), 0, getencoding(rec),
                                isadir(rec), &cep->ce_desc);

                if (rec->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord) {
                        cep->ce_datasize = rec->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.logicalSize;
                        cep->ce_datablks = rec->hfsPlusFile.dataFork.totalBlocks;
                        cep->ce_rsrcsize = rec->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.logicalSize;
                        cep->ce_rsrcblks = rec->hfsPlusFile.resourceFork.totalBlocks;

                        /* Save link reference for later processing. */
                        if ((SWAP_BE32(rec->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHardLinkFileType) &&
                                        (SWAP_BE32(rec->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSPlusCreator)) {
                                cep->ce_attr.ca_linkref = rec->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.special.iNodeNum;
                        } else if ((rec->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) && 
                                        (SWAP_BE32(rec->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHFSAliasType) && 
                                        (SWAP_BE32(rec->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator)) {
                                cep->ce_attr.ca_linkref = rec->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.special.iNodeNum;
                        }
                }
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                struct HFSPlusCatalogFile cnoderec;
                HFSPlusCatalogKey * pluskey;
                u_int32_t encoding;

                promoteattr(hfsmp, rec, &cnoderec);
                getbsdattr(hfsmp, &cnoderec, &cep->ce_attr);

                MALLOC(pluskey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *, sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogKey), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                promotekey(hfsmp, (const HFSCatalogKey *)key, pluskey, &encoding);
                builddesc(pluskey, getcnid(rec), 0, encoding, isadir(rec), &cep->ce_desc);
                FREE(pluskey, M_TEMP);

                if (rec->recordType == kHFSFileRecord) {
                        int blksize = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;

                        cep->ce_datasize = rec->hfsFile.dataLogicalSize;
                        cep->ce_datablks = rec->hfsFile.dataPhysicalSize / blksize;
                        cep->ce_rsrcsize = rec->hfsFile.rsrcLogicalSize;
                        cep->ce_rsrcblks = rec->hfsFile.rsrcPhysicalSize / blksize;
                }
        }
#endif

        return (list->realentries < list->maxentries);
}

/*
 * Pack a cat_entrylist buffer with attributes from the catalog
 *
 * Note: index is zero relative
 */
int
cat_getentriesattr(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, directoryhint_t *dirhint, struct cat_entrylist *ce_list)
{
        FCB* fcb;
        CatalogKey * key;
        BTreeIterator * iterator;
        struct readattr_state state;
        cnid_t parentcnid;
        int i;
        int std_hfs;
        int index;
        int have_key;
        int result = 0;

        ce_list->realentries = 0;

        fcb = GetFileControlBlock(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum);
        std_hfs = (HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord);
        parentcnid = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid;

        state.hfsmp = hfsmp;
        state.list = ce_list;
        state.dir_cnid = parentcnid;
        state.stdhfs = std_hfs;
        state.error = 0;

        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        key = (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key;
        have_key = 0;
        iterator->hint.nodeNum = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_hint;
        index = dirhint->dh_index + 1;

        /*
         * Attempt to build a key from cached filename
         */
        if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen != 0) {
                if (buildkey(hfsmp, &dirhint->dh_desc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)key, 0) == 0) {
                        have_key = 1;
                }
        }

        /*
         * If the last entry wasn't cached then position the btree iterator
         */
        if ((index == 0) || !have_key) {
                /*
                 * Position the iterator at the directory's thread record.
                 * (i.e. just before the first entry)
                 */
                buildthreadkey(dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid, (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD), key);
                result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, NULL, NULL, iterator);
                if (result) {
                        result = MacToVFSError(result);
                        goto exit;
                }
        
                /*
                 * Iterate until we reach the entry just
                 * before the one we want to start with.
                 */
                if (index > 0) {
                        struct position_state ps;

                        ps.error = 0;
                        ps.count = 0;
                        ps.index = index;
                        ps.parentID = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid;
                        ps.hfsmp = hfsmp;

                        result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, kBTreeNextRecord, iterator,
                                                  (IterateCallBackProcPtr)cat_findposition, &ps);
                        if (ps.error)
                                result = ps.error;
                        else
                                result = MacToVFSError(result);
                        if (result) {
                                result = MacToVFSError(result);
                                goto exit;
                        }
                }
        }

        /* Fill list with entries starting at iterator->key. */
        result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, kBTreeNextRecord, iterator,
                        (IterateCallBackProcPtr)getentriesattr_callback, &state);

        if (state.error)
                result = state.error;
        else if (ce_list->realentries == 0)
                result = ENOENT;
        else
                result = MacToVFSError(result);

        if (std_hfs)
                goto exit;

        /*
         *  Resolve any hard links.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < (int)ce_list->realentries; ++i) {
                struct FndrFileInfo *fip;
                struct cat_entry *cep;
                struct HFSPlusCatalogFile filerec;
                int isdirlink = 0;
                int isfilelink = 0;

                cep = &ce_list->entry[i];
                if (cep->ce_attr.ca_linkref == 0)
                        continue;
                
                /* Note: Finder info is still in Big Endian */
                fip = (struct FndrFileInfo *)&cep->ce_attr.ca_finderinfo;

                if (S_ISREG(cep->ce_attr.ca_mode) &&
                    (SWAP_BE32(fip->fdType) == kHardLinkFileType) &&
                    (SWAP_BE32(fip->fdCreator) == kHFSPlusCreator)) {
                        isfilelink = 1;
                }
                if (S_ISREG(cep->ce_attr.ca_mode) &&
                    (SWAP_BE32(fip->fdType) == kHFSAliasType) &&
                    (SWAP_BE32(fip->fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator) &&
                    (cep->ce_attr.ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask)) {
                        isdirlink = 1;
                }
                if (isfilelink || isdirlink) {
                        if (cat_resolvelink(hfsmp, cep->ce_attr.ca_linkref, isdirlink, &filerec) != 0)
                                continue;
                        /* Repack entry from inode record. */
                        getbsdattr(hfsmp, &filerec, &cep->ce_attr);             
                        cep->ce_datasize = filerec.dataFork.logicalSize;
                        cep->ce_datablks = filerec.dataFork.totalBlocks;
                        cep->ce_rsrcsize = filerec.resourceFork.logicalSize;
                        cep->ce_rsrcblks = filerec.resourceFork.totalBlocks;
                }
        }
exit:
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);
        
        return MacToVFSError(result);
}

#define SMALL_DIRENTRY_SIZE  (int)(sizeof(struct dirent) - (MAXNAMLEN + 1) + 8)

/*
 * Callback to pack directory entries.
 * Called with packdirentry_state for each item in a directory.
 */

/* Hard link information collected during cat_getdirentries. */
struct linkinfo {
        u_int32_t       link_ref;
        user_addr_t  dirent_addr;
};
typedef struct linkinfo linkinfo_t;

/* State information for the getdirentries_callback function. */
struct packdirentry_state {
        int            cbs_flags;               /* VNODE_READDIR_* flags */
        u_int32_t      cbs_parentID;
        u_int32_t      cbs_index;
        uio_t          cbs_uio;
        ExtendedVCB *  cbs_hfsmp;
        int            cbs_result;
        int32_t        cbs_nlinks;
        int32_t        cbs_maxlinks;
        linkinfo_t *   cbs_linkinfo;
        struct cat_desc * cbs_desc;
        u_int8_t        * cbs_namebuf;
        /*
         * The following fields are only used for NFS readdir, which
         * uses the next file id as the seek offset of each entry.
         */
        struct direntry * cbs_direntry;
        struct direntry * cbs_prevdirentry;
        u_int32_t      cbs_previlinkref;
        Boolean        cbs_hasprevdirentry;
        Boolean        cbs_eof;
};

/*
 * getdirentries callback for HFS Plus directories.
 */
static int
getdirentries_callback(const CatalogKey *ckp, const CatalogRecord *crp,
                 struct packdirentry_state *state)
{
        struct hfsmount *hfsmp;
        const CatalogName *cnp;
        cnid_t curID;
        OSErr result;
        struct dirent catent;
        struct direntry * entry = NULL;
        time_t itime;
        u_int32_t ilinkref = 0;
        u_int32_t curlinkref = 0;
        cnid_t  cnid;
        int hide = 0;
        u_int8_t type = DT_UNKNOWN;
        u_int8_t is_mangled = 0;
        u_int8_t is_link = 0;
        u_int8_t *nameptr;
        user_addr_t uiobase = USER_ADDR_NULL;
        size_t namelen = 0;
        size_t maxnamelen;
        size_t uiosize = 0;
        caddr_t uioaddr;
        Boolean stop_after_pack = false;
        
        hfsmp = state->cbs_hfsmp;
        curID = ckp->hfsPlus.parentID;

        /* We're done when parent directory changes */
        if (state->cbs_parentID != curID) {
                /*
                 * If the parent ID is different from curID this means we've hit
                 * the EOF for the directory.  To help future callers, we mark
                 * the cbs_eof boolean.  However, we should only mark the EOF 
                 * boolean if we're about to return from this function. 
                 *
                 * This is because this callback function does its own uiomove
                 * to get the data to userspace.  If we set the boolean before determining
                 * whether or not the current entry has enough room to write its
                 * data to userland, we could fool the callers of this catalog function
                 * into thinking they've hit EOF earlier than they really would have.
                 * In that case, we'd know that we have more entries to process and
                 * send to userland, but we didn't have enough room.  
                 * 
                 * To be safe, we mark cbs_eof here ONLY for the cases where we know we're 
                 * about to return and won't write any new data back
                 * to userland.  In the stop_after_pack case, we'll set this boolean
                 * regardless, so it's slightly safer to let that logic mark the boolean,
                 * especially since it's closer to the return of this function.
                 */              
                        
                if (state->cbs_flags & VNODE_READDIR_EXTENDED) {
                        /* The last record has not been returned yet, so we 
                         * want to stop after packing the last item 
                         */
                        if (state->cbs_hasprevdirentry) { 
                                stop_after_pack = true;
                        } else {
                                state->cbs_eof = true;
                                state->cbs_result = ENOENT;
                                return (0);     /* stop */
                        }                               
                } else {
                        state->cbs_eof = true;
                        state->cbs_result = ENOENT;
                        return (0);     /* stop */
                }
        }

        if (state->cbs_flags & VNODE_READDIR_EXTENDED) {
                entry = state->cbs_direntry;
                nameptr = (u_int8_t *)&entry->d_name[0];
                if (state->cbs_flags & VNODE_READDIR_NAMEMAX) {
                        /*
                         * The NFS server sometimes needs to make filenames fit in
                         * NAME_MAX bytes (since its client may not be able to
                         * handle a longer name).  In that case, NFS will ask us
                         * to mangle the name to keep it short enough.
                         */
                        maxnamelen = NAME_MAX + 1;
                } else {
                        maxnamelen = sizeof(entry->d_name);
                }
        } else {
                nameptr = (u_int8_t *)&catent.d_name[0];
                maxnamelen = sizeof(catent.d_name);
        }

        if ((state->cbs_flags & VNODE_READDIR_EXTENDED) && stop_after_pack) {
                /* The last item returns a non-zero invalid cookie */
                cnid = INT_MAX;         
        } else {
                switch(crp->recordType) {
                case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
                        type = DT_DIR;
                        cnid = crp->hfsPlusFolder.folderID;
                        /* Hide our private system directories. */
                        if (curID == kHFSRootFolderID) {
                                if (cnid == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid ||
                                    cnid == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) {
                                        hide = 1;
                                }
                        }
                        break;
                case kHFSPlusFileRecord:
                        itime = to_bsd_time(crp->hfsPlusFile.createDate);
                        type = MODE_TO_DT(crp->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo.fileMode);
                        cnid = crp->hfsPlusFile.fileID;
                        /*
                         * When a hardlink link is encountered save its link ref.
                         */
                        if ((SWAP_BE32(crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHardLinkFileType) &&
                                (SWAP_BE32(crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSPlusCreator) &&
                                ((itime == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_itime) ||
                                 (itime == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_metadata_createdate))) {
                                /* If link ref is inode's file id then use it directly. */
                                if (crp->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) {
                                        cnid = crp->hfsPlusFile.hl_linkReference;
                                } else {
                                        ilinkref = crp->hfsPlusFile.hl_linkReference;
                                }
                                is_link =1;
                        } else if ((SWAP_BE32(crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdType) == kHFSAliasType) &&
                                (SWAP_BE32(crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo.fdCreator) == kHFSAliasCreator) &&
                                (crp->hfsPlusFile.flags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) &&
                                (crp->hfsPlusFile.hl_linkReference >= kHFSFirstUserCatalogNodeID) &&
                                ((itime == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_itime) ||
                                 (itime == (time_t)hfsmp->hfs_metadata_createdate))) {
                                /* A directory's link resolves to a directory. */
                                type = DT_DIR;
                                /* A directory's link ref is always inode's file id. */
                                cnid = crp->hfsPlusFile.hl_linkReference;
                                is_link = 1;
                        }
                        /* Hide the journal files */
                        if ((curID == kHFSRootFolderID) &&
                                ((hfsmp->jnl || ((HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbAtrb & kHFSVolumeJournaledMask) && (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_READ_ONLY)))) &&
                                ((cnid == hfsmp->hfs_jnlfileid) ||
                                 (cnid == hfsmp->hfs_jnlinfoblkid))) {
                                hide = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                default:
                        return (0);     /* stop */
                };

                cnp = (const CatalogName*) &ckp->hfsPlus.nodeName;

                namelen = cnp->ustr.length;
                /*
                 * For MacRoman encoded names, assume that its ascii and
                 * convert it directly in an attempt to avoid the more
                 * expensive utf8_encodestr conversion.
                 */
                if ((namelen < maxnamelen) && (crp->hfsPlusFile.textEncoding == 0)) {
                        int i;
                        u_int16_t ch;
                        const u_int16_t *chp;

                        chp = &cnp->ustr.unicode[0];
                        for (i = 0; i < (int)namelen; ++i) {
                                ch = *chp++;
                                if (ch > 0x007f || ch == 0x0000) {
                                        /* Perform expensive utf8_encodestr conversion */
                                        goto encodestr;
                                }
                                nameptr[i] = (ch == '/') ? ':' : (u_int8_t)ch;
                        }
                        nameptr[namelen] = '\0';
                        result = 0;
                } else {
encodestr:
                        result = utf8_encodestr(cnp->ustr.unicode, namelen * sizeof(UniChar),
                                                nameptr, &namelen, maxnamelen, ':', 0);
                }

                /* Check result returned from encoding the filename to utf8 */
                if (result == ENAMETOOLONG) {
                        /* 
                         * If we were looking at a catalog record for a hardlink (not the inode),
                         * then we want to use its link ID as opposed to the inode ID for 
                         * a mangled name.  For all other cases, they are the same.  Note that
                         * due to the way directory hardlinks are implemented, the actual link
                         * is going to be counted as a file record, so we can catch both
                         * with is_link.
                         */
                        cnid_t linkid = cnid;
                        if (is_link) {
                                linkid =  crp->hfsPlusFile.fileID;
                        }

                        result = ConvertUnicodeToUTF8Mangled(cnp->ustr.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                                                             cnp->ustr.unicode, maxnamelen,
                                                             (ByteCount*)&namelen, nameptr, linkid);            
                        is_mangled = 1;
                }
        }

        if (state->cbs_flags & VNODE_READDIR_EXTENDED) {
                /*
                 * The index is 1 relative and includes "." and ".."
                 *
                 * Also stuff the cnid in the upper 32 bits of the cookie.
                 * The cookie is stored to the previous entry, which will
                 * be packed and copied this time
                 */
                state->cbs_prevdirentry->d_seekoff = (state->cbs_index + 3) | ((u_int64_t)cnid << 32);
                uiosize = state->cbs_prevdirentry->d_reclen;
                uioaddr = (caddr_t) state->cbs_prevdirentry;
        } else {
                catent.d_type = type;
                catent.d_namlen = namelen;
                catent.d_reclen = uiosize = STD_DIRENT_LEN(namelen);
                if (hide)
                        catent.d_fileno = 0;  /* file number = 0 means skip entry */
                else
                        catent.d_fileno = cnid;
                uioaddr = (caddr_t) &catent;
        }

        /* Save current base address for post processing of hard-links. */
        if (ilinkref || state->cbs_previlinkref) {
                uiobase = uio_curriovbase(state->cbs_uio);
        }
        /* If this entry won't fit then we're done */
        if ((uiosize > (user_size_t)uio_resid(state->cbs_uio)) ||
            (ilinkref != 0 && state->cbs_nlinks == state->cbs_maxlinks)) {
                return (0);     /* stop */
        }

        if (!(state->cbs_flags & VNODE_READDIR_EXTENDED) || state->cbs_hasprevdirentry) {
                state->cbs_result = uiomove(uioaddr, uiosize, state->cbs_uio);
                if (state->cbs_result == 0) {
                        ++state->cbs_index;

                        /* Remember previous entry */
                        state->cbs_desc->cd_cnid = cnid;
                        if (type == DT_DIR) {
                                state->cbs_desc->cd_flags |= CD_ISDIR;
                        } else {
                                state->cbs_desc->cd_flags &= ~CD_ISDIR;
                        }
                        if (state->cbs_desc->cd_nameptr != NULL) {
                                state->cbs_desc->cd_namelen = 0;
                        }
#if 0
                        state->cbs_desc->cd_encoding = xxxx;
#endif
                        if (!is_mangled) {
                                state->cbs_desc->cd_namelen = namelen;
                                bcopy(nameptr, state->cbs_namebuf, namelen + 1);
                        } else {
                                /* Store unmangled name for the directory hint else it will 
                                 * restart readdir at the last location again 
                                 */
                                u_int8_t *new_nameptr;
                                size_t bufsize;
                                size_t tmp_namelen = 0;
                        
                                cnp = (const CatalogName *)&ckp->hfsPlus.nodeName;
                                bufsize = 1 + utf8_encodelen(cnp->ustr.unicode,
                                                             cnp->ustr.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                                                             ':', 0);
                                MALLOC(new_nameptr, u_int8_t *, bufsize, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                                result = utf8_encodestr(cnp->ustr.unicode,
                                                        cnp->ustr.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                                                        new_nameptr, &tmp_namelen, bufsize, ':', 0);
                        
                                state->cbs_desc->cd_namelen = tmp_namelen;
                                bcopy(new_nameptr, state->cbs_namebuf, tmp_namelen + 1);
                        
                                FREE(new_nameptr, M_TEMP);
                        } 
                }
                if (state->cbs_hasprevdirentry) {
                        curlinkref = ilinkref;               /* save current */
                        ilinkref = state->cbs_previlinkref;  /* use previous */
                }
                /*
                 * Record any hard links for post processing.
                 */
                if ((ilinkref != 0) &&
                        (state->cbs_result == 0) &&
                        (state->cbs_nlinks < state->cbs_maxlinks)) {
                        state->cbs_linkinfo[state->cbs_nlinks].dirent_addr = uiobase;
                        state->cbs_linkinfo[state->cbs_nlinks].link_ref = ilinkref;
                        state->cbs_nlinks++;
                }
                if (state->cbs_hasprevdirentry) {
                        ilinkref = curlinkref;   /* restore current */
                }
        }

        /* Fill the direntry to be used the next time */
        if (state->cbs_flags & VNODE_READDIR_EXTENDED) {        
                if (stop_after_pack) {
                        state->cbs_eof = true;
                        return (0);     /* stop */
                }
                entry->d_type = type;
                entry->d_namlen = namelen;
                entry->d_reclen = EXT_DIRENT_LEN(namelen);
                if (hide) {
                        /* File number = 0 means skip entry */
                        entry->d_fileno = 0;  
                } else {
                        entry->d_fileno = cnid;
                }
                /* swap the current and previous entry */
                struct direntry * tmp;
                tmp = state->cbs_direntry;
                state->cbs_direntry = state->cbs_prevdirentry;
                state->cbs_prevdirentry = tmp;
                state->cbs_hasprevdirentry = true;
                state->cbs_previlinkref = ilinkref;
        }

        /* Continue iteration if there's room */
        return (state->cbs_result == 0  &&
                uio_resid(state->cbs_uio) >= SMALL_DIRENTRY_SIZE);
}

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
/*
 * getdirentries callback for standard HFS (non HFS+) directories.
 */
static int
getdirentries_std_callback(const CatalogKey *ckp, const CatalogRecord *crp,
                           struct packdirentry_state *state)
{
        struct hfsmount *hfsmp;
        const CatalogName *cnp;
        cnid_t curID;
        OSErr result;
        struct dirent catent;
        cnid_t  cnid;
        u_int8_t type = DT_UNKNOWN;
        u_int8_t *nameptr;
        size_t namelen = 0;
        size_t maxnamelen;
        size_t uiosize = 0;
        caddr_t uioaddr;
        
        hfsmp = state->cbs_hfsmp;

        curID = ckp->hfs.parentID;

        /* We're done when parent directory changes */
        if (state->cbs_parentID != curID) {
                state->cbs_result = ENOENT;
                return (0);     /* stop */
        }

        nameptr = (u_int8_t *)&catent.d_name[0];
        maxnamelen = sizeof(catent.d_name);

        switch(crp->recordType) {
        case kHFSFolderRecord:
                type = DT_DIR;
                cnid = crp->hfsFolder.folderID;
                break;
        case kHFSFileRecord:
                type = DT_REG;
                cnid = crp->hfsFile.fileID;
                break;
        default:
                return (0);     /* stop */
        };

        cnp = (const CatalogName*) ckp->hfs.nodeName;
        result = hfs_to_utf8(hfsmp, cnp->pstr, maxnamelen, (ByteCount *)&namelen, nameptr);
        /*
         * When an HFS name cannot be encoded with the current
         * volume encoding we use MacRoman as a fallback.
         */
        if (result) {
                result = mac_roman_to_utf8(cnp->pstr, maxnamelen, (ByteCount *)&namelen, nameptr);
        }
        catent.d_type = type;
        catent.d_namlen = namelen;
        catent.d_reclen = uiosize = STD_DIRENT_LEN(namelen);
        catent.d_fileno = cnid;
        uioaddr = (caddr_t) &catent;

        /* If this entry won't fit then we're done */
        if (uiosize > (user_size_t)uio_resid(state->cbs_uio)) {
                return (0);     /* stop */
        }

        state->cbs_result = uiomove(uioaddr, uiosize, state->cbs_uio);
        if (state->cbs_result == 0) {
                ++state->cbs_index;

                /* Remember previous entry */
                state->cbs_desc->cd_cnid = cnid;
                if (type == DT_DIR) {
                        state->cbs_desc->cd_flags |= CD_ISDIR;
                } else {
                        state->cbs_desc->cd_flags &= ~CD_ISDIR;
                }
                if (state->cbs_desc->cd_nameptr != NULL) {
                        state->cbs_desc->cd_namelen = 0;
                }
                state->cbs_desc->cd_namelen = namelen;
                bcopy(nameptr, state->cbs_namebuf, namelen + 1);
        }

        /* Continue iteration if there's room */
        return (state->cbs_result == 0  && uio_resid(state->cbs_uio) >= SMALL_DIRENTRY_SIZE);
}
#endif

/*
 * Pack a uio buffer with directory entries from the catalog
 */
int
cat_getdirentries(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t entrycnt, directoryhint_t *dirhint,
                                  uio_t uio, int flags, int * items, int * eofflag)
{
        FCB* fcb;
        BTreeIterator * iterator;
        CatalogKey * key;
        struct packdirentry_state state;
        void * buffer;
        int bufsize;
        int maxlinks;
        int result;
        int index;
        int have_key;
        int extended;
        
        extended = flags & VNODE_READDIR_EXTENDED;
        
        if (extended && (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD)) {
                return (ENOTSUP);
        }
        fcb = hfsmp->hfs_catalog_cp->c_datafork;

        /*
         * Get a buffer for link info array, btree iterator and a direntry:
         */
        maxlinks = MIN(entrycnt, (u_int32_t)(uio_resid(uio) / SMALL_DIRENTRY_SIZE));
        bufsize = MAXPATHLEN + (maxlinks * sizeof(linkinfo_t)) + sizeof(*iterator);
        if (extended) {
                bufsize += 2*sizeof(struct direntry);
        }
        MALLOC(buffer, void *, bufsize, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(buffer, bufsize);

        state.cbs_flags = flags;
        state.cbs_hasprevdirentry = false;
        state.cbs_previlinkref = 0;
        state.cbs_nlinks = 0;
        state.cbs_maxlinks = maxlinks;
        state.cbs_linkinfo = (linkinfo_t *)((char *)buffer + MAXPATHLEN);
        /*
         * We need to set cbs_eof to false regardless of whether or not the
         * control flow is actually in the extended case, since we use this
         * field to track whether or not we've returned EOF from the iterator function.
         */
        state.cbs_eof = false;
        
        iterator = (BTreeIterator *) ((char *)state.cbs_linkinfo + (maxlinks * sizeof(linkinfo_t)));
        key = (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key;
        have_key = 0;
        index = dirhint->dh_index + 1;
        if (extended) {
                state.cbs_direntry = (struct direntry *)((char *)iterator + sizeof(BTreeIterator));
                state.cbs_prevdirentry = state.cbs_direntry + 1;
        }
        /*
         * Attempt to build a key from cached filename
         */
        if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen != 0) {
                if (buildkey(hfsmp, &dirhint->dh_desc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)key, 0) == 0) {
                        iterator->hint.nodeNum = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_hint;
                        have_key = 1;
                }
        }

        if (index == 0 && dirhint->dh_threadhint != 0) {
                /*
                 * Position the iterator at the directory's thread record.
                 * (i.e. just before the first entry)
                 */
                buildthreadkey(dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid, (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD), key);
                iterator->hint.nodeNum = dirhint->dh_threadhint;
                iterator->hint.index = 0;
                have_key = 1;
        }

        /*
         * If the last entry wasn't cached then position the btree iterator
         */
        if (!have_key) {
                /*
                 * Position the iterator at the directory's thread record.
                 * (i.e. just before the first entry)
                 */
                buildthreadkey(dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid, (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD), key);
                result = BTSearchRecord(fcb, iterator, NULL, NULL, iterator);
                if (result) {
                        result = MacToVFSError(result);
                        goto cleanup;
                }
                if (index == 0) {
                        dirhint->dh_threadhint = iterator->hint.nodeNum;
                }
                /*
                 * Iterate until we reach the entry just
                 * before the one we want to start with.
                 */
                if (index > 0) {
                        struct position_state ps;

                        ps.error = 0;
                        ps.count = 0;
                        ps.index = index;
                        ps.parentID = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid;
                        ps.hfsmp = hfsmp;

                        result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, kBTreeNextRecord, iterator,
                                                  (IterateCallBackProcPtr)cat_findposition, &ps);
                        if (ps.error)
                                result = ps.error;
                        else
                                result = MacToVFSError(result);
                        if (result) {
                                result = MacToVFSError(result);
                                goto cleanup;
                        }
                }
        }

        state.cbs_index = index;
        state.cbs_hfsmp = hfsmp;
        state.cbs_uio = uio;
        state.cbs_desc = &dirhint->dh_desc;
        state.cbs_namebuf = (u_int8_t *)buffer;
        state.cbs_result = 0;
        state.cbs_parentID = dirhint->dh_desc.cd_parentcnid;

        /* Use a temporary buffer to hold intermediate descriptor names. */
        if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen > 0 && dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr != NULL) {
                bcopy(dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr, buffer, dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen+1);
                if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags & CD_HASBUF) {
                        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags &= ~CD_HASBUF;
                        vfs_removename((const char *)dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr);
                }
        }
        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr = (u_int8_t *)buffer;

        enum BTreeIterationOperations op;
        if (extended && index != 0 && have_key)
                op = kBTreeCurrentRecord;
        else
                op = kBTreeNextRecord;

        /*
         * Process as many entries as possible starting at iterator->key.
         */
        if ((hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD) == 0) {
                /* HFS+ */
                result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, op, iterator,
                                  (IterateCallBackProcPtr)getdirentries_callback, &state);
        
                /* For extended calls, every call to getdirentries_callback() 
                 * transfers the previous directory entry found to the user 
                 * buffer.  Therefore when BTIterateRecords reaches the end of 
                 * Catalog BTree, call getdirentries_callback() again with 
                 * dummy values to copy the last directory entry stored in 
                 * packdirentry_state 
                 */
                if (extended && (result == fsBTRecordNotFoundErr)) {
                        CatalogKey ckp;
                        CatalogRecord crp;

                        bzero(&ckp, sizeof(ckp));
                        bzero(&crp, sizeof(crp));

                        result = getdirentries_callback(&ckp, &crp, &state);
                }
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                /* HFS (standard) */
                result = BTIterateRecords(fcb, op, iterator,
                                  (IterateCallBackProcPtr)getdirentries_std_callback, &state);
        }
#endif

        /* Note that state.cbs_index is still valid on errors */
        *items = state.cbs_index - index;
        index = state.cbs_index;

        /*
         * Also note that cbs_eof is set in all cases if we ever hit EOF
         * during the enumeration by the catalog callback.  Mark the directory's hint
         * descriptor as having hit EOF.
         */

        if (state.cbs_eof) {
                dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags |= CD_EOF;
                *eofflag = 1;
        }
        
        /* Finish updating the catalog iterator. */
        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_hint = iterator->hint.nodeNum;
        dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags |= CD_DECOMPOSED;
        dirhint->dh_index = index - 1;
        
        /* Fix up the name. */
        if (dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen > 0) {
                dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr = (const u_int8_t *)vfs_addname((char *)buffer, dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen, 0, 0);
                dirhint->dh_desc.cd_flags |= CD_HASBUF;
        } else {
                dirhint->dh_desc.cd_nameptr = NULL;
                dirhint->dh_desc.cd_namelen = 0;
        }
        
        /*
         * Post process any hard links to get the real file id.
         */
        if (state.cbs_nlinks > 0) {
                ino_t fileid = 0;
                user_addr_t address;
                int i;

                for (i = 0; i < state.cbs_nlinks; ++i) {
                        if (resolvelinkid(hfsmp, state.cbs_linkinfo[i].link_ref, &fileid) != 0)
                                continue;
                        /* This assumes that d_ino is always first field. */
                        address = state.cbs_linkinfo[i].dirent_addr;
                        if (address == (user_addr_t)0)
                                continue;
                        if (uio_isuserspace(uio)) {
                                if (extended) {
                                        ino64_t fileid_64 = (ino64_t)fileid;
                                        (void) copyout(&fileid_64, address, sizeof(fileid_64));
                                } else {
                                        (void) copyout(&fileid, address, sizeof(fileid));
                                }
                        } else /* system space */ {
                                if (extended) {
                                        ino64_t fileid_64 = (ino64_t)fileid;
                                        bcopy(&fileid_64, (void*) CAST_DOWN(caddr_t, address), sizeof(fileid_64));
                                } else {
                                        bcopy(&fileid, (void*) CAST_DOWN(caddr_t, address), sizeof(fileid));
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        if (state.cbs_result)
                result = state.cbs_result;
        else
                result = MacToVFSError(result);

        if (result == ENOENT) {
                result = 0;
        }

cleanup:
        FREE(buffer, M_TEMP);
        
        return (result);
}


/*
 * Callback to establish directory position.
 * Called with position_state for each item in a directory.
 */
static int
cat_findposition(const CatalogKey *ckp, const CatalogRecord *crp,
                 struct position_state *state)
{
        cnid_t curID = 0;

        if ((state->hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD) == 0) {
                curID = ckp->hfsPlus.parentID;
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                curID = ckp->hfs.parentID;
        }
#endif

        /* Make sure parent directory didn't change */
        if (state->parentID != curID) {
                state->error = EINVAL;
                return (0);  /* stop */
        }

        /* Count this entry */
        switch(crp->recordType) {
        case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFileRecord:
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        case kHFSFolderRecord:
        case kHFSFileRecord:
#endif
                ++state->count;
                break;
        default:
                printf("hfs: cat_findposition: invalid record type %d in dir %d\n",
                        crp->recordType, curID);
                state->error = EINVAL;
                return (0);  /* stop */
        };

        return (state->count < state->index);
}


/*
 * cat_binarykeycompare - compare two HFS Plus catalog keys.

 * The name portion of the key is compared using a 16-bit binary comparison. 
 * This is called from the b-tree code.
 */
int
cat_binarykeycompare(HFSPlusCatalogKey *searchKey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *trialKey)
{
        u_int32_t searchParentID, trialParentID;
        int result;

        searchParentID = searchKey->parentID;
        trialParentID = trialKey->parentID;
        result = 0;
        
        if (searchParentID > trialParentID) {
                ++result;
        } else if (searchParentID < trialParentID) {
                --result;
        } else {
                u_int16_t * str1 = &searchKey->nodeName.unicode[0];
                u_int16_t * str2 = &trialKey->nodeName.unicode[0];
                int length1 = searchKey->nodeName.length;
                int length2 = trialKey->nodeName.length;

                result = UnicodeBinaryCompare (str1, length1, str2, length2);
        }

        return result;
}


#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
/*
 * Compare two standard HFS catalog keys
 *
 * Result: +n  search key > trial key
 *          0  search key = trial key
 *         -n  search key < trial key
 */
int
CompareCatalogKeys(HFSCatalogKey *searchKey, HFSCatalogKey *trialKey)
{
        cnid_t searchParentID, trialParentID;
        int result;

        searchParentID = searchKey->parentID;
        trialParentID = trialKey->parentID;

        if (searchParentID > trialParentID)
                result = 1;
        else if (searchParentID < trialParentID)
                result = -1;
        else /* parent dirID's are equal, compare names */
                result = FastRelString(searchKey->nodeName, trialKey->nodeName);

        return result;
}
#endif


/*
 * Compare two HFS+ catalog keys
 *
 * Result: +n  search key > trial key
 *          0  search key = trial key
 *         -n  search key < trial key
 */
int
CompareExtendedCatalogKeys(HFSPlusCatalogKey *searchKey, HFSPlusCatalogKey *trialKey)
{
        cnid_t searchParentID, trialParentID;
        int result;

        searchParentID = searchKey->parentID;
        trialParentID = trialKey->parentID;
        
        if (searchParentID > trialParentID) {
                result = 1;
        }
        else if (searchParentID < trialParentID) {
                result = -1;
        } else {
                /* parent node ID's are equal, compare names */
                if ( searchKey->nodeName.length == 0 || trialKey->nodeName.length == 0 )
                        result = searchKey->nodeName.length - trialKey->nodeName.length;
                else
                        result = FastUnicodeCompare(&searchKey->nodeName.unicode[0],
                                                    searchKey->nodeName.length,
                                                    &trialKey->nodeName.unicode[0],
                                                    trialKey->nodeName.length);
        }

        return result;
}


/*
 * buildkey - build a Catalog b-tree key from a cnode descriptor
 */
static int
buildkey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, struct cat_desc *descp,
        HFSPlusCatalogKey *key, int retry)
{
        int std_hfs = (hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD);
        int utf8_flags = UTF_ESCAPE_ILLEGAL;
        int result = 0;
        size_t unicodeBytes = 0;
        
        if (std_hfs == 0) {
                retry = 0;
        }

        if (descp->cd_namelen == 0 || descp->cd_nameptr[0] == '\0')
                return (EINVAL);  /* invalid name */

        key->parentID = descp->cd_parentcnid;
        key->nodeName.length = 0;
        /*
         * Convert filename from UTF-8 into Unicode
         */
        
        if ((descp->cd_flags & CD_DECOMPOSED) == 0)
                utf8_flags |= UTF_DECOMPOSED;
        result = utf8_decodestr(descp->cd_nameptr, descp->cd_namelen,
                key->nodeName.unicode, &unicodeBytes,
                sizeof(key->nodeName.unicode), ':', utf8_flags);
        key->nodeName.length = unicodeBytes / sizeof(UniChar);
        key->keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength + unicodeBytes;
        if (result) {
                if (result != ENAMETOOLONG)
                        result = EINVAL;  /* name has invalid characters */
                return (result);
        }

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        /*
         * For HFS volumes convert to an HFS compatible key
         *
         * XXX need to save the encoding that succeeded
         */
        if (std_hfs) {
                HFSCatalogKey hfskey;

                bzero(&hfskey, sizeof(hfskey));
                hfskey.keyLength = kHFSCatalogKeyMinimumLength;
                hfskey.parentID = key->parentID;
                hfskey.nodeName[0] = 0;
                if (key->nodeName.length > 0) {
                        int res;
                        if ((res = unicode_to_hfs(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp),
                                key->nodeName.length * 2,
                                key->nodeName.unicode,
                                &hfskey.nodeName[0], retry)) != 0) {
                                if (res != ENAMETOOLONG)
                                        res = EINVAL;

                                return res;
                        }
                        hfskey.keyLength += hfskey.nodeName[0];
                }
                bcopy(&hfskey, key, sizeof(hfskey));
        }
#endif

        return (0);
 }


/*
 * Resolve hard link reference to obtain the inode record.
 */
int
cat_resolvelink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t linkref, int isdirlink, struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *recp)
{
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        struct BTreeIterator *iterator;
        struct cat_desc idesc;
        char inodename[32];
        cnid_t parentcnid;
        int result = 0;

        BDINIT(btdata, recp);

        if (isdirlink) {
                MAKE_DIRINODE_NAME(inodename, sizeof(inodename), (unsigned int)linkref);
                parentcnid = hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[DIR_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid;
        } else {
                MAKE_INODE_NAME(inodename, sizeof(inodename), (unsigned int)linkref);
                parentcnid = hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid;
        }

        /* Get space for iterator */    
        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));

        /* Build a descriptor for private dir. */       
        idesc.cd_parentcnid = parentcnid;
        idesc.cd_nameptr = (const u_int8_t *)inodename;
        idesc.cd_namelen = strlen(inodename);
        idesc.cd_flags = 0;
        idesc.cd_hint = 0;
        idesc.cd_encoding = 0;
        (void) buildkey(hfsmp, &idesc, (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)&iterator->key, 0);

        result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum), iterator,
                                &btdata, NULL, NULL);

        if (result == 0) {
                /* Make sure there's a reference */
                if (recp->hl_linkCount == 0)
                        recp->hl_linkCount = 2;
        } else {
                printf("hfs: cat_resolvelink: can't find inode=%s on vol=%s\n", inodename, hfsmp->vcbVN);
        }

        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);

        return (result ? ENOENT : 0);
}

/*
 * Resolve hard link reference to obtain the inode number.
 */
static int
resolvelinkid(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int32_t linkref, ino_t *ino)
{
        struct HFSPlusCatalogFile record;
        int error;

        /*
         * Since we know resolvelinkid is only called from
         * cat_getdirentries, we can assume that only file
         * hardlinks need to be resolved (cat_getdirentries
         * can resolve directory hardlinks in place).
         */
        error = cat_resolvelink(hfsmp, linkref, 0, &record);
        if (error == 0) {
                if (record.fileID == 0)
                        error = ENOENT;
                else
                        *ino = record.fileID;
        }
        return (error);
}

/*
 * getkey - get a key from id by doing a thread lookup
 */
static int
getkey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, CatalogKey * key)
{
        struct BTreeIterator * iterator;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        u_int16_t       datasize;
        CatalogKey * keyp;
        CatalogRecord * recp;
        int result;
        int std_hfs;

        std_hfs = (HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord);

        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        buildthreadkey(cnid, std_hfs, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);

        MALLOC(recp, CatalogRecord *, sizeof(CatalogRecord), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        BDINIT(btdata, recp);

        result = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum), iterator,
                                &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
        if (result)
                goto exit;

        /* Turn thread record into a cnode key (in place) */
        switch (recp->recordType) {

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        case kHFSFileThreadRecord:
        case kHFSFolderThreadRecord:
                keyp = (CatalogKey *)((char *)&recp->hfsThread.reserved + 6);
                keyp->hfs.keyLength = kHFSCatalogKeyMinimumLength + keyp->hfs.nodeName[0];
                bcopy(keyp, key, keyp->hfs.keyLength + 1);
                break;
#endif

        case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
                keyp = (CatalogKey *)&recp->hfsPlusThread.reserved;
                keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength +
                                          (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length * 2);
                bcopy(keyp, key, keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength + 2);
                break;

        default:
                result = ENOENT;
                break;
        }

exit:
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);
        FREE(recp, M_TEMP);

        return MacToVFSError(result);
}

/*
 * getkeyplusattr - From id, fetch the key and the bsd attrs for a file/dir (could pass
 * null arguments to cat_idlookup instead, but we save around 10% by not building the 
 * cat_desc here). Both key and attrp must point to real structures.
 *
 * The key's parent id is the only part of the key expected to be used by the caller.
 * The name portion of the key may not always be valid (ie in the case of a hard link).
 */
int
cat_getkeyplusattr(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t cnid, CatalogKey * key, struct cat_attr *attrp)
{
        int result;

        result = getkey(hfsmp, cnid, key);
       
        if (result == 0) {
                result = cat_lookupbykey(hfsmp, key, 0, 0, 0, NULL, attrp, NULL, NULL);
        }
        /*
         * Check for a raw file hardlink inode.
         * Fix up the parent id in the key if necessary.
         * Only hard links created by Mac OS X 10.5 or later can be resolved here.
         */
        if ((result == 0) &&
            (key->hfsPlus.parentID == hfsmp->hfs_private_desc[FILE_HARDLINKS].cd_cnid) &&
            (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask)) {
                cnid_t nextlinkid = 0;
                cnid_t prevlinkid = 0;
                struct cat_desc linkdesc;

                /*
                 * Pick up the first link in the chain and get a descriptor for it.
                 * This allows blind bulk access checks to work for hardlinks.
                 */
                if ((cat_lookup_siblinglinks(hfsmp, cnid, &prevlinkid,  &nextlinkid) == 0) &&
                    (nextlinkid != 0)) {
                        if (cat_findname(hfsmp, nextlinkid, &linkdesc) == 0) {
                                key->hfsPlus.parentID = linkdesc.cd_parentcnid;
                                cat_releasedesc(&linkdesc);
                        }
                }       
        }
        return MacToVFSError(result);
}


/*
 * buildrecord - build a default catalog directory or file record
 */
static void
buildrecord(struct cat_attr *attrp, cnid_t cnid, int std_hfs, u_int32_t encoding,
            CatalogRecord *crp, u_int32_t *recordSize)
{
        int type = attrp->ca_mode & S_IFMT;
        u_int32_t createtime = to_hfs_time(attrp->ca_itime);

        if (std_hfs == 0) {
                struct HFSPlusBSDInfo * bsdp = NULL;

                if (type == S_IFDIR) {
                        crp->recordType = kHFSPlusFolderRecord;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.flags = attrp->ca_recflags;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.valence = 0;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.folderID = cnid;     
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.createDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.contentModDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.attributeModDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.accessDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.backupDate = 0;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.textEncoding = encoding;
                        crp->hfsPlusFolder.folderCount = 0;
                        bcopy(attrp->ca_finderinfo, &crp->hfsPlusFolder.userInfo, 32);
                        bsdp = &crp->hfsPlusFolder.bsdInfo;
                        bsdp->special.linkCount = 1;
                        *recordSize = sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogFolder);
                } else {
                        crp->recordType = kHFSPlusFileRecord;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.flags = attrp->ca_recflags;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.reserved1 = 0;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.fileID = cnid;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.createDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.contentModDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.accessDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.attributeModDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.backupDate = 0;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.textEncoding = encoding;
                        crp->hfsPlusFile.reserved2 = 0;
                        bcopy(attrp->ca_finderinfo, &crp->hfsPlusFile.userInfo, 32);
                        bsdp = &crp->hfsPlusFile.bsdInfo;
                        /* BLK/CHR need to save the device info */
                        if (type == S_IFBLK || type == S_IFCHR) {
                                bsdp->special.rawDevice = attrp->ca_rdev;
                        } else {
                                bsdp->special.linkCount = 1;
                        }
                        bzero(&crp->hfsPlusFile.dataFork, 2*sizeof(HFSPlusForkData));
                        *recordSize = sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogFile);
                }
                bsdp->ownerID    = attrp->ca_uid;
                bsdp->groupID    = attrp->ca_gid;
                bsdp->fileMode   = attrp->ca_mode;
                bsdp->adminFlags = attrp->ca_flags >> 16;
                bsdp->ownerFlags = attrp->ca_flags & 0x000000FF;
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                createtime = UTCToLocal(createtime);
                if (type == S_IFDIR) {
                        bzero(crp, sizeof(HFSCatalogFolder));
                        crp->recordType = kHFSFolderRecord;
                        crp->hfsFolder.folderID = cnid;
                        crp->hfsFolder.createDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsFolder.modifyDate = createtime;
                        bcopy(attrp->ca_finderinfo, &crp->hfsFolder.userInfo, 32);
                        *recordSize = sizeof(HFSCatalogFolder);
                } else {
                        bzero(crp, sizeof(HFSCatalogFile));
                        crp->recordType = kHFSFileRecord;
                        crp->hfsFile.fileID = cnid;
                        crp->hfsFile.createDate = createtime;
                        crp->hfsFile.modifyDate = createtime;
                        bcopy(attrp->ca_finderinfo, &crp->hfsFile.userInfo, 16);
                        bcopy(&attrp->ca_finderinfo[16], &crp->hfsFile.finderInfo, 16);
                        *recordSize = sizeof(HFSCatalogFile);
                }
        }
#endif

}


/*
 * builddesc - build a cnode descriptor from an HFS+ key
 */
static int
builddesc(const HFSPlusCatalogKey *key, cnid_t cnid, u_int32_t hint, u_int32_t encoding,
        int isdir, struct cat_desc *descp)
{
        int result = 0;
        unsigned char * nameptr;
        size_t bufsize;
        size_t utf8len;
        unsigned char tmpbuff[128];

        /* guess a size... */
        bufsize = (3 * key->nodeName.length) + 1;
        if (bufsize >= sizeof(tmpbuff) - 1) {
            MALLOC(nameptr, unsigned char *, bufsize, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        } else {
            nameptr = &tmpbuff[0];
        }

        result = utf8_encodestr(key->nodeName.unicode,
                        key->nodeName.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                        nameptr, (size_t *)&utf8len,
                        bufsize, ':', 0);

        if (result == ENAMETOOLONG) {
                bufsize = 1 + utf8_encodelen(key->nodeName.unicode,
                                             key->nodeName.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                                             ':', 0);
                FREE(nameptr, M_TEMP);
                MALLOC(nameptr, unsigned char *, bufsize, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);

                result = utf8_encodestr(key->nodeName.unicode,
                                        key->nodeName.length * sizeof(UniChar),
                                        nameptr, (size_t *)&utf8len,
                                        bufsize, ':', 0);
        }
        descp->cd_parentcnid = key->parentID;
        descp->cd_nameptr = (const u_int8_t *)vfs_addname((char *)nameptr, utf8len, 0, 0);
        descp->cd_namelen = utf8len;
        descp->cd_cnid = cnid;
        descp->cd_hint = hint;
        descp->cd_flags = CD_DECOMPOSED | CD_HASBUF;
        if (isdir)
                descp->cd_flags |= CD_ISDIR;    
        descp->cd_encoding = encoding;
        if (nameptr != &tmpbuff[0]) {
            FREE(nameptr, M_TEMP);
        }
        return result;
}


/*
 * getbsdattr - get attributes in bsd format
 *
 */
static void
getbsdattr(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp, struct cat_attr * attrp)
{
        int isDirectory = (crp->recordType == kHFSPlusFolderRecord);
        const struct HFSPlusBSDInfo *bsd = &crp->bsdInfo;

        attrp->ca_recflags = crp->flags;
        attrp->ca_atime = to_bsd_time(crp->accessDate);
        attrp->ca_atimeondisk = attrp->ca_atime;        
        attrp->ca_mtime = to_bsd_time(crp->contentModDate);
        attrp->ca_ctime = to_bsd_time(crp->attributeModDate);
        attrp->ca_itime = to_bsd_time(crp->createDate);
        attrp->ca_btime = to_bsd_time(crp->backupDate);

        if ((bsd->fileMode & S_IFMT) == 0) {
                attrp->ca_flags = 0;
                attrp->ca_uid = hfsmp->hfs_uid;
                attrp->ca_gid = hfsmp->hfs_gid;
                if (isDirectory) {
                        attrp->ca_mode = S_IFDIR | (hfsmp->hfs_dir_mask & ACCESSPERMS);
                } else {
                        attrp->ca_mode = S_IFREG | (hfsmp->hfs_file_mask & ACCESSPERMS);
                }
                attrp->ca_linkcount = 1;
                attrp->ca_rdev = 0;
        } else {
                attrp->ca_linkcount = 1;  /* may be overridden below */
                attrp->ca_rdev = 0;
                attrp->ca_uid = bsd->ownerID;
                attrp->ca_gid = bsd->groupID;
                attrp->ca_flags = bsd->ownerFlags | (bsd->adminFlags << 16);
                attrp->ca_mode = (mode_t)bsd->fileMode;
                switch (attrp->ca_mode & S_IFMT) {
                case S_IFCHR: /* fall through */
                case S_IFBLK:
                        attrp->ca_rdev = bsd->special.rawDevice;
                        break;
                        
                case S_IFDIR: /* fall through */
                case S_IFREG:
                        /* Pick up the hard link count */
                        if (bsd->special.linkCount > 0)
                                attrp->ca_linkcount = bsd->special.linkCount;
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 *  Override the permissions as determined by the mount auguments
                 *  in ALMOST the same way unset permissions are treated but keep
                 *  track of whether or not the file or folder is hfs locked
                 *  by leaving the h_pflags field unchanged from what was unpacked
                 *  out of the catalog.
                 */
                /*
                 * This code was used to do UID translation with MNT_IGNORE_OWNERS
                 * (aka MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS) at the HFS layer.  It's largely done
                 * at the VFS layer, so there is no need to do it here now; this also
                 * allows VFS to let root see the real UIDs.
                 *
                 * if (((unsigned int)vfs_flags(HFSTOVFS(hfsmp))) & MNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS) {
                 *      attrp->ca_uid = hfsmp->hfs_uid;
                 *      attrp->ca_gid = hfsmp->hfs_gid;
                 * }
                 */
        }

        if (isDirectory) {
                if (!S_ISDIR(attrp->ca_mode)) {
                        attrp->ca_mode &= ~S_IFMT;
                        attrp->ca_mode |= S_IFDIR;
                }
                attrp->ca_entries = ((const HFSPlusCatalogFolder *)crp)->valence;
                attrp->ca_dircount = ((hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_FOLDERCOUNT) && (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasFolderCountMask)) ?
                                             ((const HFSPlusCatalogFolder *)crp)->folderCount : 0;
                        
                /* Keep UF_HIDDEN bit in sync with Finder Info's invisible bit */
                if (((const HFSPlusCatalogFolder *)crp)->userInfo.frFlags & OSSwapHostToBigConstInt16(kFinderInvisibleMask))
                        attrp->ca_flags |= UF_HIDDEN;
        } else {
                /* Keep IMMUTABLE bits in sync with HFS locked flag */
                if (crp->flags & kHFSFileLockedMask) {
                        /* The file's supposed to be locked:
                           Make sure at least one of the IMMUTABLE bits is set: */
                        if ((attrp->ca_flags & (SF_IMMUTABLE | UF_IMMUTABLE)) == 0)
                                attrp->ca_flags |= UF_IMMUTABLE;
                } else {
                        /* The file's supposed to be unlocked: */
                        attrp->ca_flags &= ~(SF_IMMUTABLE | UF_IMMUTABLE);
                }
                /* Keep UF_HIDDEN bit in sync with Finder Info's invisible bit */
                if (crp->userInfo.fdFlags & OSSwapHostToBigConstInt16(kFinderInvisibleMask))
                        attrp->ca_flags |= UF_HIDDEN;
                /* get total blocks (both forks) */
                attrp->ca_blocks = crp->dataFork.totalBlocks + crp->resourceFork.totalBlocks;

                /* On HFS+ the ThreadExists flag must always be set. */
                if ((hfsmp->hfs_flags & HFS_STANDARD) == 0)
                        attrp->ca_recflags |= kHFSThreadExistsMask;

                /* Pick up the hardlink first link, if any. */
                attrp->ca_firstlink = (attrp->ca_recflags & kHFSHasLinkChainMask) ? crp->hl_firstLinkID : 0;
        }
        
        attrp->ca_fileid = crp->fileID;

        bcopy(&crp->userInfo, attrp->ca_finderinfo, 32);
}

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
/*
 * promotekey - promote hfs key to hfs plus key
 *
 */
static void
promotekey(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const HFSCatalogKey *hfskey,
           HFSPlusCatalogKey *keyp, u_int32_t *encoding)
{
        hfs_to_unicode_func_t hfs_get_unicode = hfsmp->hfs_get_unicode;
        u_int32_t uniCount;
        int error;

        *encoding = hfsmp->hfs_encoding;

        error = hfs_get_unicode(hfskey->nodeName, keyp->nodeName.unicode,
                                kHFSPlusMaxFileNameChars, &uniCount);
        /*
         * When an HFS name cannot be encoded with the current
         * encoding use MacRoman as a fallback.
         */
        if (error && hfsmp->hfs_encoding != kTextEncodingMacRoman) {
                *encoding = 0;
                (void) mac_roman_to_unicode(hfskey->nodeName,
                                            keyp->nodeName.unicode,
                                            kHFSPlusMaxFileNameChars,
                                            &uniCount);
        }

        keyp->nodeName.length = uniCount;
        keyp->parentID = hfskey->parentID;
}

/*
 * promotefork - promote hfs fork info to hfs plus
 *
 */
static void
promotefork(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const struct HFSCatalogFile *filep,
            int resource, struct cat_fork * forkp)
{
        struct HFSPlusExtentDescriptor *xp;
        u_int32_t blocksize = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;

        bzero(forkp, sizeof(*forkp));
        xp = &forkp->cf_extents[0];
        if (resource) {
                forkp->cf_size = filep->rsrcLogicalSize;
                forkp->cf_blocks = filep->rsrcPhysicalSize / blocksize;
                forkp->cf_bytesread = 0;
                forkp->cf_vblocks = 0;
                xp[0].startBlock = (u_int32_t)filep->rsrcExtents[0].startBlock;
                xp[0].blockCount = (u_int32_t)filep->rsrcExtents[0].blockCount;
                xp[1].startBlock = (u_int32_t)filep->rsrcExtents[1].startBlock;
                xp[1].blockCount = (u_int32_t)filep->rsrcExtents[1].blockCount;
                xp[2].startBlock = (u_int32_t)filep->rsrcExtents[2].startBlock;
                xp[2].blockCount = (u_int32_t)filep->rsrcExtents[2].blockCount;
        } else {
                forkp->cf_size = filep->dataLogicalSize;
                forkp->cf_blocks = filep->dataPhysicalSize / blocksize;
                forkp->cf_bytesread = 0;
                forkp->cf_vblocks = 0;
                xp[0].startBlock = (u_int32_t)filep->dataExtents[0].startBlock;
                xp[0].blockCount = (u_int32_t)filep->dataExtents[0].blockCount;
                xp[1].startBlock = (u_int32_t)filep->dataExtents[1].startBlock;
                xp[1].blockCount = (u_int32_t)filep->dataExtents[1].blockCount;
                xp[2].startBlock = (u_int32_t)filep->dataExtents[2].startBlock;
                xp[2].blockCount = (u_int32_t)filep->dataExtents[2].blockCount;
        }
}

/*
 * promoteattr - promote standard hfs catalog attributes to hfs plus
 *
 */
static void
promoteattr(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, const CatalogRecord *dataPtr, struct HFSPlusCatalogFile *crp)
{
        u_int32_t blocksize = HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->blockSize;

        if (dataPtr->recordType == kHFSFolderRecord) {
                const struct HFSCatalogFolder * folder;

                folder = (const struct HFSCatalogFolder *) dataPtr;
                crp->recordType       = kHFSPlusFolderRecord;
                crp->flags            = folder->flags;
                crp->fileID           = folder->folderID;
                crp->createDate       = LocalToUTC(folder->createDate);
                crp->contentModDate   = LocalToUTC(folder->modifyDate);
                crp->backupDate       = LocalToUTC(folder->backupDate);
                crp->reserved1        = folder->valence;
                crp->reserved2        = 0;
                bcopy(&folder->userInfo, &crp->userInfo, 32);
        } else /* file */ {
                const struct HFSCatalogFile * file;

                file = (const struct HFSCatalogFile *) dataPtr;
                crp->recordType       = kHFSPlusFileRecord;
                crp->flags            = file->flags;
                crp->fileID           = file->fileID;
                crp->createDate       = LocalToUTC(file->createDate);
                crp->contentModDate   = LocalToUTC(file->modifyDate);
                crp->backupDate       = LocalToUTC(file->backupDate);
                crp->reserved1        = 0;
                crp->reserved2        = 0;
                bcopy(&file->userInfo, &crp->userInfo, 16);
                bcopy(&file->finderInfo, &crp->finderInfo, 16);
                crp->dataFork.totalBlocks = file->dataPhysicalSize / blocksize;
                crp->resourceFork.totalBlocks = file->rsrcPhysicalSize / blocksize;
        }
        crp->textEncoding = 0;
        crp->attributeModDate = crp->contentModDate;
        crp->accessDate = crp->contentModDate;
        bzero(&crp->bsdInfo, sizeof(HFSPlusBSDInfo));
}
#endif

/*
 * Build a catalog node thread record from a catalog key
 * and return the size of the record.
 */
static int
buildthread(void *keyp, void *recp, int std_hfs, int directory)
{
        int size = 0;

        if (std_hfs == 0) {
                HFSPlusCatalogKey *key = (HFSPlusCatalogKey *)keyp;
                HFSPlusCatalogThread *rec = (HFSPlusCatalogThread *)recp;

                size = sizeof(HFSPlusCatalogThread);
                if (directory)
                        rec->recordType = kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord;
                else
                        rec->recordType = kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord;
                rec->reserved = 0;
                rec->parentID = key->parentID;                  
                bcopy(&key->nodeName, &rec->nodeName,
                        sizeof(UniChar) * (key->nodeName.length + 1));

                /* HFS Plus has variable sized thread records */
                size -= (sizeof(rec->nodeName.unicode) -
                          (rec->nodeName.length * sizeof(UniChar)));

        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                HFSCatalogKey *key = (HFSCatalogKey *)keyp;
                HFSCatalogThread *rec = (HFSCatalogThread *)recp;

                size = sizeof(HFSCatalogThread);
                bzero(rec, size);
                if (directory)
                        rec->recordType = kHFSFolderThreadRecord;
                else
                        rec->recordType = kHFSFileThreadRecord;
                rec->parentID = key->parentID;
                bcopy(key->nodeName, rec->nodeName, key->nodeName[0]+1);

        } 
#endif

        return (size);
}

/*
 * Build a catalog node thread key.
 */
static void
buildthreadkey(HFSCatalogNodeID parentID, int std_hfs, CatalogKey *key)
{
        if (std_hfs == 0) {
                key->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength;
                key->hfsPlus.parentID = parentID;
                key->hfsPlus.nodeName.length = 0;
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        else {
                key->hfs.keyLength = kHFSCatalogKeyMinimumLength;
                key->hfs.reserved = 0;
                key->hfs.parentID = parentID;
                key->hfs.nodeName[0] = 0;
        }
#endif

}

/*
 * Extract the text encoding from a catalog node record.
 */
static u_int32_t 
getencoding(const CatalogRecord *crp)
{
        u_int32_t encoding;

        if (crp->recordType == kHFSPlusFolderRecord)
                encoding = crp->hfsPlusFolder.textEncoding;
        else if (crp->recordType == kHFSPlusFileRecord)
                encoding = crp->hfsPlusFile.textEncoding;
        else
                encoding = 0;

        return (encoding);
}

/*
 * Extract the CNID from a catalog node record.
 */
static cnid_t 
getcnid(const CatalogRecord *crp)
{
        cnid_t cnid = 0;

        switch (crp->recordType) {

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        case kHFSFolderRecord:
                cnid = crp->hfsFolder.folderID;
                break;
        case kHFSFileRecord:
                cnid = crp->hfsFile.fileID;
                break;
#endif

        case kHFSPlusFolderRecord:
                cnid = crp->hfsPlusFolder.folderID;
                break;
        case kHFSPlusFileRecord:
                cnid = crp->hfsPlusFile.fileID;
                break;
        default:
                printf("hfs: getcnid: unknown recordType=%d\n", crp->recordType);
                break;
        }

        return (cnid);
}

/*
 * Extract the parent ID from a catalog node record.
 */
static cnid_t 
getparentcnid(const CatalogRecord *recp)
{
        cnid_t cnid = 0;

        switch (recp->recordType) {

#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        case kHFSFileThreadRecord:
        case kHFSFolderThreadRecord:
                cnid = recp->hfsThread.parentID;
                break;
#endif

        case kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord:
        case kHFSPlusFolderThreadRecord:
                cnid = recp->hfsPlusThread.parentID;
                break;
        default:
                panic("hfs: getparentcnid: unknown recordType (crp @ %p)\n", recp);
                break;
        }

        return (cnid);
}

/*
 * Determine if a catalog node record is a directory.
 */
static int 
isadir(const CatalogRecord *crp)
{
        if (crp->recordType == kHFSPlusFolderRecord) {
                return 1;
        }
#if CONFIG_HFS_STD
        if (crp->recordType == kHFSFolderRecord) {
                return 1;
        }
#endif

        return 0;
}

/*
 * cat_lookup_dirlink - lookup a catalog record for directory hard link 
 * (not inode) using catalog record id.  Note that this function does 
 * NOT resolve directory hard link to its directory inode and return 
 * the link record.
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for releasing the output catalog 
 * descriptor (when supplied outdescp is non-null).
 */
int
cat_lookup_dirlink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, cnid_t dirlink_id, 
                u_int8_t forktype, struct cat_desc *outdescp, 
                struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp)
{
        struct BTreeIterator *iterator = NULL;
        FSBufferDescriptor btdata;
        u_int16_t datasize;
        CatalogKey *keyp;
        CatalogRecord *recp = NULL;
        int error;

        /* No directory hard links on standard HFS */
        if (hfsmp->vcbSigWord == kHFSSigWord) {
                return ENOTSUP;
        }

        MALLOC(iterator, BTreeIterator *, sizeof(*iterator), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        if (iterator == NULL) {
                return ENOMEM;
        }
        bzero(iterator, sizeof(*iterator));
        buildthreadkey(dirlink_id, 1, (CatalogKey *)&iterator->key);

        MALLOC(recp, CatalogRecord *, sizeof(CatalogRecord), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        if (recp == NULL) {
                error = ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }
        BDINIT(btdata, recp);

        error = BTSearchRecord(VTOF(HFSTOVCB(hfsmp)->catalogRefNum), iterator,
                                &btdata, &datasize, iterator);
        if (error) {
                goto out;
        }
        /* Directory hard links are catalog file record */
        if (recp->recordType != kHFSPlusFileThreadRecord) {
                error = ENOENT;
                goto out;
        }

        keyp = (CatalogKey *)&recp->hfsPlusThread.reserved;
        keyp->hfsPlus.keyLength = kHFSPlusCatalogKeyMinimumLength +
                                  (keyp->hfsPlus.nodeName.length * 2);
        if (forktype == kHFSResourceForkType) {
                /* Lookup resource fork for directory hard link */
                error = cat_lookupbykey(hfsmp, keyp, HFS_LOOKUP_HARDLINK, 0, true, outdescp, attrp, forkp, NULL);
        } else {
                /* Lookup data fork, if any, for directory hard link */
                error = cat_lookupbykey(hfsmp, keyp, HFS_LOOKUP_HARDLINK, 0, false, outdescp, attrp, forkp, NULL);
        }
        if (error) {
                printf ("hfs: cat_lookup_dirlink(): Error looking up file record for id=%u (error=%d)\n", dirlink_id, error);
                hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent(hfsmp);
                goto out;
        }
        /* Just for sanity, make sure that id in catalog record and thread record match */
        if ((outdescp != NULL) && (dirlink_id != outdescp->cd_cnid)) {
                printf ("hfs: cat_lookup_dirlink(): Requested cnid=%u != found_cnid=%u\n", dirlink_id, outdescp->cd_cnid);
                hfs_mark_volume_inconsistent(hfsmp);
                error = ENOENT;
        }

out:
        if (recp) {
                FREE(recp, M_TEMP);
        }
        FREE(iterator, M_TEMP);

        return MacToVFSError(error);
}

/*
 * cnode_update_dirlink - update the catalog node for directory hard link 
 * described by descp using the data from attrp and forkp.
 */
int
cat_update_dirlink(struct hfsmount *hfsmp, u_int8_t forktype, 
                struct cat_desc *descp, struct cat_attr *attrp, struct cat_fork *forkp)
{
        if (forktype == kHFSResourceForkType) {
                return cat_update_internal(hfsmp, true, descp, attrp, NULL, forkp);
        } else {
                return cat_update_internal(hfsmp, true, descp, attrp, forkp, NULL);
        } 
}