system_cmds-279.tar.gz

[apple/system_cmds.git] / zic.tproj / datfiles / antarctica

# @(#)antarctica        7.23

# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
# </a>
# and
# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
# </a>
# for information.
# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
#
# Except for the French entries,
# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.

# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    RussAQ  1981    1984    -       Apr      1       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    RussAQ  1981    1983    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    RussAQ  1984    1991    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
Rule    RussAQ  1985    1991    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
Rule    RussAQ  1992    only    -       Mar     lastSat  23:00  1:00    S
Rule    RussAQ  1992    only    -       Sep     lastSat  23:00  0       -
Rule    RussAQ  1993    max     -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
Rule    RussAQ  1993    1995    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
Rule    RussAQ  1996    max     -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -

# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    ArgAQ   1967    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    ArgAQ   1967    1968    -       Oct     Sun<=7  0:00    1:00    S
Rule    ArgAQ   1968    1969    -       Apr     Sun<=7  0:00    0       -
Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       Jan     23      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       May      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    ArgAQ   1974    1976    -       Oct     Sun<=7  0:00    1:00    S
Rule    ArgAQ   1975    1977    -       Apr     Sun<=7  0:00    0       -
Rule    ChileAQ 1966    1997    -       Oct     Sun>=9  0:00    1:00    S
Rule    ChileAQ 1967    1998    -       Mar     Sun>=9  0:00    0       -
Rule    ChileAQ 1998    only    -       Sep     27      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    ChileAQ 1999    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    0       -
Rule    ChileAQ 1999    max     -       Oct     Sun>=9  0:00    1:00    S
Rule    ChileAQ 2000    max     -       Mar     Sun>=9  0:00    0       -


# Argentina - year-round bases
# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
#       (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)

# Australia - territories
# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
#       previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
#       <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
#       Margaret Turner reports
#       </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
#       presumably this is when they have visitors.
#
# year-round bases
# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
#       (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Casey   0       -       zzz     1969
                        8:00    -       WST     # Western (Aus) Standard Time
Zone Antarctica/Davis   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 13
                        7:00    -       DAVT    1964 Nov # Davis Time
                        0       -       zzz     1969 Feb
                        7:00    -       DAVT
Zone Antarctica/Mawson  0       -       zzz     1954 Feb 13
                        6:00    -       MAWT    # Mawson Time
# References:
# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
# </a>

# Brazil - year-round base
# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4

# Chile - year-round bases and towns
# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
# Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
# Prat, -6230-05941
# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), King George Island, since 1984-04-09
# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.

# China - year-round bases
# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26

# France - year-round bases
#
# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20):
# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
# from Tasmania.
#
# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
#
# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
#       whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
#
# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
#       fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
#
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Kerguelen   0       -       zzz     1950    # Port-aux-Francais
                        5:00    -       TFT     # ISO code TF Time
#
# year-round base in the main continent
# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
#
# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
#
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -      zzz     1947
                        10:00   -       PMT     1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
                        0       -       zzz     1956 Nov
                        10:00   -       DDUT    # Dumont-d'Urville Time
# Reference:
# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html">
# Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03)
# </a>


# Germany - year-round base
# Georg von Neumayer

# India - year-round base
# Dakshin Gangotri

# Japan - year-round bases
# Dome Fuji
# Syowa
#
# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.  [See]
# <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a>
# and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>.
#
# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
# was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Syowa   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 29
                        3:00    -       SYOT    # Syowa Time
# See:
# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
# </a>

# S Korea - year-round base
# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988

# New Zealand - claims
# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
# Scott Island (never inhabited)
#
# year-round base
# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
#
# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    NZAQ    1974    only    -       Nov      3      2:00s   1:00    D
Rule    NZAQ    1975    1988    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
Rule    NZAQ    1989    only    -       Oct      8      2:00s   1:00    D
Rule    NZAQ    1990    max     -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00s   1:00    D
Rule    NZAQ    1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00s   0       S
Rule    NZAQ    1976    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=1  2:00s   0       S
Rule    NZAQ    1990    max     -       Mar     Sun>=15 2:00s   0       S

# Norway - territories
# Bouvet (never inhabited)
#
# claims
# Peter I Island (never inhabited)

# Poland - year-round base
# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977

# Russia - year-round bases
# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
#       year-round from 1960/61 to 1992

# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
# time as Moscow, Russia.
#
# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
# what they had to say about time there:
# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
# in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local
# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
# solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
# happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
#
Zone Antarctica/Vostok  0       -       zzz     1957 Dec 16
                        6:00    -       VOST    # Vostok time

# S Africa - year-round bases
# Marion Island
# Sanae

# UK
#
# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
# South Orkney Islands
#       scientific station from 1903
#       whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
# South Shetland Islands
#
# year-round bases
# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
#       scientific station 1943/1967,
#       previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
#       and a garrison was deployed briefly
# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
#       Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
#       so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
#
# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
#
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0       -       zzz     1976 Dec  1
                        -3:00   -       ROTT    # Rothera time

# Uruguay - year round base
# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107

# USA - year-round bases
#
# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
#
# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06):
# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
# Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
#
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Palmer  0       -       zzz     1965
                        -4:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1969 Oct 5
                        -3:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1982 May
                        -4:00   ChileAQ CL%sT
#
#
# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0       -       zzz     1956
                        12:00   NZAQ    NZ%sT
#
# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
#
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27):
# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
#
# From Susan Smith
# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
# We use the same time as McMurdo does.
# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
# One last quirk about South Pole time.
# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
# makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
#
Link    Antarctica/McMurdo      Antarctica/South_Pole