3 # $FreeBSD: src/share/zoneinfo/asia,v 1.18 2001/04/06 16:46:52 wollman Exp $
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
15 # Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
22 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
31 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
32 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
33 # Corrections are welcome!
36 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
38 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
43 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
46 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
48 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
51 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
52 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
53 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
54 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
56 ###############################################################################
58 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
59 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
60 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
61 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
62 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
63 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
64 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
65 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
66 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
67 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
68 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
76 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
77 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
82 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
83 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
84 # then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
85 # Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
86 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
87 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
88 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
89 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
90 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
91 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
92 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
93 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
94 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
95 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
100 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
101 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S
102 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 -
103 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
104 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
105 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
106 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
107 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
108 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
109 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
110 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
114 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
115 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
121 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
122 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
123 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
125 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
126 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
127 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
131 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
133 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
135 # British Indian Ocean Territory
137 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
138 Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - IOT # BIOT Time
141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
147 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
148 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
149 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
150 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
151 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
152 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
157 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
165 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
167 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
168 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
169 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
170 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
171 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
172 # the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
174 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
175 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
176 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
178 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
179 # 1987 mid-April - ??
181 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
182 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
183 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
185 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
186 # Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
187 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
188 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
189 # Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
192 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
193 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
194 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
195 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
196 Rule PRC 1949 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
197 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
198 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
199 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
200 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
201 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
202 8:30 - HART 1932 Mar # Harbin Time
207 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
210 Zone Asia/Chungking 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chongqing
211 7:00 - CHUT 1980 May # Chungking Time
213 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
214 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
216 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
217 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
220 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
222 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
223 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
224 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
225 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
226 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
227 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
228 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
229 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
230 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
231 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
232 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
233 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
234 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
235 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
236 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
237 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
238 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
242 ###############################################################################
246 # Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
247 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
248 # have any other information.
250 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
251 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
252 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
253 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
254 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
255 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
256 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
257 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
258 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
259 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
260 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
261 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
262 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
263 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896
266 # Macao (Macau, Aomen)
267 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
268 Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
269 Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
270 Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
271 Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
272 Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
273 Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
274 Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
275 Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
276 Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
277 Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
278 Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
279 Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
280 Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
281 Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283 Zone Asia/Macao 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
284 8:00 Macao MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
288 ###############################################################################
291 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
292 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
293 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
294 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
295 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
296 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
297 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
298 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
299 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
300 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
301 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
302 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
303 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
305 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
307 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
308 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
309 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
312 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
313 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
314 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
315 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
316 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
318 # From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
319 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
320 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
321 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
322 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
323 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
324 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
325 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
326 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
327 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
328 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
329 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
330 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
331 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
336 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
337 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
338 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
339 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
340 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
341 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
342 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
343 # conflicts with their way of life.
345 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
346 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
347 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
349 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
350 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
352 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
353 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
354 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
355 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
359 8:00 - TPT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
361 9:00 - TPT 1976 May 3
362 8:00 - TPT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
366 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
367 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880
368 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
369 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
371 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
373 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
375 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
379 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
380 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
381 # Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
382 # but this must be a typo.
383 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
384 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
385 7:30 - JAVT 1942 Mar 23
391 Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
392 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
393 8:00 - BORT 1942 Feb 9 # Borneo Time
396 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
397 9:00 - JAYT 1944 # Jayapura Time
402 # From Paul Eggert (2000-06-12), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
404 # <a href="http://www.persia.org/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt">
405 # TAGHVEEM (1993-07-12)
407 # writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
408 # of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM:
411 # year SSIM Alavi SSIM Alavi
412 # 1991 05-03!= 03-21 09-20!= 09-23
413 # 1992 03-22!= 03-21 09-23 09-23
414 # 1993 03-21 03-21 09-23 09-23
415 # 1994 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
416 # 1995 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
417 # 1996 03-21!= 03-20 09-22 09-22
418 # 1997 03-22!= 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
419 # 1998 03-21 03-21 09-21!= 09-23
420 # 1999 03-22!= 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
421 # 2000 03-21!= 03-20 09-21!= 09-22
422 # 2001 03-19!= 03-21 09-19!= 09-23
423 # 2002 03-18!= 03-21 09-18!= 09-23
425 # Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
426 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
427 # The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
428 # are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
430 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
431 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
432 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
433 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 -
434 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
435 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S
436 Rule Iran 1991 only - Sep 20 0:00s 0 -
437 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
438 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
439 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
440 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
441 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
442 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
443 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
444 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
445 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
446 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
447 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
448 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
449 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
450 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
451 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
452 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
453 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
454 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
455 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
456 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
457 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
458 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
459 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
460 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
461 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
462 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
463 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
464 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
465 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
466 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
467 Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
468 Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
469 Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
470 Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
471 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
472 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
473 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
474 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
475 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
476 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
477 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
478 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
479 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
480 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
481 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
482 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
483 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
491 # From Jonathan Lennox <lennox@cs.columbia.edu> (2000-06-12):
492 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
493 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
494 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
495 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
497 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
498 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
499 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
500 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
501 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
503 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
505 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
506 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
507 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
508 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
509 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
510 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
511 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
512 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
513 # Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
514 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
515 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
516 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
517 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
518 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
523 ###############################################################################
527 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
529 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
530 # different abbreviations in use:
532 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
533 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
534 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
536 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
537 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
538 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
539 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
540 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
541 # settings in Israeli computers.
543 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
544 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
545 # family is from India).
548 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
549 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
550 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
551 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
552 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
553 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
554 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
555 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
556 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
557 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
558 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
559 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
560 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
561 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
562 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
563 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
564 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
565 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
566 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
567 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
568 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
569 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
570 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
571 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
572 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
573 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
574 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
575 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
576 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
577 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
578 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
579 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
580 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
581 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
582 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
583 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
584 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
585 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
586 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
587 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
588 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
590 # From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
591 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17 and 2000-07-25):
593 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
594 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
595 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
596 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
597 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
598 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
599 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
600 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
601 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
602 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
603 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
604 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
605 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
606 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
607 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
608 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
609 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
610 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
611 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
612 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
613 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
614 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
616 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
617 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
618 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
619 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
620 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
621 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
622 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
623 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
624 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
625 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
626 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
628 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
629 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
630 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
632 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
633 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
634 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
635 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
636 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
638 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
639 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
640 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
642 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
644 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
646 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
648 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
650 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
652 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
653 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
654 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
655 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
656 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
657 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
658 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
659 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
660 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
662 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
663 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
664 # years 2001-2004 as well.
666 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
668 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
670 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
671 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
673 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
675 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
676 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
677 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
678 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
679 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
680 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
681 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
682 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
683 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
684 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
685 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
687 # From Paul Eggert (2000-07-25):
688 # Here are guesses for rules after 2004.
689 # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
690 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
691 Rule Zion 2005 max - Apr 1 1:00 1:00 D
692 Rule Zion 2005 max - Oct 1 1:00 0 S
694 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
695 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
696 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
700 ###############################################################################
704 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
706 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
707 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
708 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
709 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
710 # Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
711 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
712 #Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
713 #Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
714 #Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
715 #Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
716 # but the only locations using it were US military bases.
717 # We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
719 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
720 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
721 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
722 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
723 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
724 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
725 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
727 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
728 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
729 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
730 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
731 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
732 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
733 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
734 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
737 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
738 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
740 # Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
741 # use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
743 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
744 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
748 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
752 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
753 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
754 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
755 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
758 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
759 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
760 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
761 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
762 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
763 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
765 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
766 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
767 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
768 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
769 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
770 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
771 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
772 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
773 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
774 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
775 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
776 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
777 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
778 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
779 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
780 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
781 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
782 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
783 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
784 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
785 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
786 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
787 Rule Jordan 1999 max - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
788 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
789 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
790 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
794 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
795 # Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
796 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
797 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
798 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
799 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
801 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
802 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
803 5:00 - ALMT 1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time
804 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
805 5:00 1:00 ALMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
806 5:00 - ALMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
807 6:00 E-EurAsia ALM%sT
808 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
809 4:00 - AKT 1957 Mar # Aktyubinsk Time
810 5:00 RussiaAsia AK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
811 4:00 1:00 AKTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
812 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtobe Time
813 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
814 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aktau
815 4:00 - SHET 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time
816 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
817 4:00 1:00 AQTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
818 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtau Time
819 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT 1995 Sep lastSun
820 4:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
822 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
823 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
824 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
825 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S
826 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
827 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
828 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
829 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
830 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
831 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
832 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
833 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
834 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
836 ###############################################################################
838 # Korea (North and South)
841 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
842 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
843 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
846 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
847 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
848 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
849 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D
850 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S
852 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
853 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
857 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
858 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
861 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
865 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
866 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
869 ###############################################################################
872 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
873 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
877 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
878 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
879 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
885 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
886 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
887 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
888 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
889 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
890 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
891 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
892 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
893 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
894 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
895 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
896 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
897 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
898 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
899 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
900 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
901 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
902 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
903 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
904 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
905 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
906 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
907 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
908 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
909 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
910 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
911 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
915 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
916 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS
917 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
918 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
919 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880
920 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
921 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
922 7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
923 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
926 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
927 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
928 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
929 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942
930 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
935 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
936 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
937 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
938 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
942 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
943 # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
944 # both say that it has just one.
946 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
947 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
948 # General Information Mongolia
950 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
951 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
952 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
955 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
956 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
957 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
958 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
959 # of implementation may have been different....
960 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
961 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
962 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
964 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
965 # For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan)
966 # and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules.
967 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
968 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
969 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
970 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
971 # is good enough for our purposes.
973 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
974 Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
975 Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
976 Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
977 Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
978 Rule Mongol 1991 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
979 Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
980 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks.
981 Rule Mongol 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
982 Rule Mongol 1997 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
983 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
985 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
986 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
987 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
989 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
990 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
992 # We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now.
993 #Zone Asia/Choybalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
994 # 8:00 - CHOT 1978 # Choybalsan Time
995 # 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 19??
999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1000 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1002 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1005 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1006 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1010 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1011 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1013 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1014 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1015 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1016 5:00 - PKT # Pakistan Time
1020 # From Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il> (1998-02-15):
1022 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1023 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1024 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1026 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1027 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1028 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1031 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1032 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1033 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1034 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1035 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1038 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1039 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1040 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1041 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1042 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1044 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1045 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1046 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1047 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1048 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1051 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1053 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1054 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1055 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1056 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1057 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1059 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1062 # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
1063 # Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
1064 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1065 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1066 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1067 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1068 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1069 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1070 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1071 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1072 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1074 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1075 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1077 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1078 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1079 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1080 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1082 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1083 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1084 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1086 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1087 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1088 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1089 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1090 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1092 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1093 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1094 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1095 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1096 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1097 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1098 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1099 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1101 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1102 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1105 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1106 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1107 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1109 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1110 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1116 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1117 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1118 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1119 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1120 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
1121 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1122 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1123 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1124 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1125 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1126 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1127 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1129 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1130 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1131 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1137 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1142 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1143 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1147 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1148 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880
1149 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
1150 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
1151 7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
1152 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
1154 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1155 7:30 - SGT 1982 May # Singapore Time
1162 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1163 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1164 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1165 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1166 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1167 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1169 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1171 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1172 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1174 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1175 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1177 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1178 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1179 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1180 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1181 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1182 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1183 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1184 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1188 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1189 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1190 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1191 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1192 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1193 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1194 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1195 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1196 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1197 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1198 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1199 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1200 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1201 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1202 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1203 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1204 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1205 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1206 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1207 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1208 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1209 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1210 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1211 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1212 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1213 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1214 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1215 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1216 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1217 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1218 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1219 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1220 # ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
1221 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1222 Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1223 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1224 Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1225 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1226 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1231 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1232 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1233 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1234 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1235 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1236 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1239 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1240 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1241 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1247 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1248 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1249 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1250 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1251 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1254 # United Arab Emirates
1255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1256 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1260 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1261 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1262 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1263 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1264 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1265 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
1266 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1267 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1268 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1270 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1271 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1272 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1273 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1274 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1275 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1279 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
1280 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1281 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1283 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1284 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1285 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1291 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1292 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
projects / apple / system_cmds.git / blob