hexdump/od.1

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  32 .\"     @(#)od.1        8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
  33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/hexdump/od.1,v 1.17 2004/07/11 01:11:12 tjr Exp $
  34 .\"
  35 .Dd July 11, 2004
  36 .Os
  37 .Dt OD 1
  38 .Sh NAME
  39 .Nm od
  40 .Nd octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump
  41 .Sh SYNOPSIS
  42 .Nm
  43 .Op Fl aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx
  44 .Op Fl A Ar base
  45 .Op Fl j Ar skip
  46 .Op Fl N Ar length
  47 .Op Fl t Ar type
  48 .Sm off
  49 .Oo
  50 .Op Cm \&+
  51 .Li offset
  52 .Op Cm \&.
  53 .Op Cm Bb
  54 .Oc
  55 .Sm on
  56 .Op Ar
  57 .Sh DESCRIPTION
  58 The
  59 .Nm
  60 utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or standard
  61 input if no files are specified, in a user specified format.
  62 .Pp
  63 The options are as follows:
  64 .Bl -tag -width ".Fl I , L , l"
  65 .It Fl A Ar base
  66 Specify the input address base.
  67 .Ar base
  68 may be one of
  69 .Cm d ,
  70 .Cm o ,
  71 .Cm x
  72 or
  73 .Cm n ,
  74 which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal
  75 addresses or no address, respectively.
  76 .It Fl a
  77 Output named characters.
  78 Equivalent to
  79 .Fl t Ar a .
  80 .It Fl B , o
  81 Output octal shorts.
  82 Equivalent to
  83 .Fl t Ar o2 .
  84 .It Fl b
  85 Output octal bytes.
  86 Equivalent to
  87 .Fl t Ar o1 .
  88 .It Fl c
  89 Output C-style escaped characters.
  90 Equivalent to
  91 .Fl t Ar c .
  92 .It Fl D
  93 Output unsigned decimal ints.
  94 Equivalent to
  95 .Fl t Ar u4 .
  96 .It Fl e , F
  97 Output double-precision floating point numbers.
  98 Equivalent to
  99 .Fl t Ar fD .
 100 .It Fl f
 101 Output single-precision floating point numbers.
 102 Equivalent to
 103 .Fl t Ar fF .
 104 .It Fl H , X
 105 Output hexadecimal ints.
 106 Equivalent to
 107 .Fl t Ar x4 .
 108 .It Fl h , x
 109 Output hexadecimal shorts.
 110 Equivalent to
 111 .Fl t Ar x2 .
 112 .It Fl I , L , l
 113 Output signed decimal longs.
 114 Equivalent to
 115 .Fl t Ar dL .
 116 .It Fl i
 117 Output signed decimal ints.
 118 Equivalent to
 119 .Fl t Ar dI .
 120 .It Fl j Ar skip
 121 Skip
 122 .Ar skip
 123 bytes of the combined input before dumping.
 124 The number may be followed by one
 125 of
 126 .Cm b , k
 127 or
 128 .Cm m
 129 which specify the units of the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes and
 130 megabytes, respectively.
 131 .It Fl N Ar length
 132 Dump at most
 133 .Ar length
 134 bytes of input.
 135 .It Fl O
 136 Output octal ints.
 137 Equivalent to
 138 .Fl t Ar o4 .
 139 .It Fl s
 140 Output signed decimal shorts.
 141 Equivalent to
 142 .Fl t Ar d2 .
 143 .It Fl t Ar type
 144 Specify the output format.
 145 .Ar type
 146 is a string containing one or more of the following kinds of type specifiers:
 147 .Bl -tag -width indent
 148 .It Cm a
 149 Named characters
 150 .Pq Tn ASCII .
 151 Control characters are displayed using the following names:
 152 .Bl -column "000 NUL" "001 SOH" "002 STX" "003 ETX" "004 EOT" "005 ENQ"
 153 .It "000 NUL    001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ"
 154 .It "006 ACK    007 BEL 008 BS  009 HT  00a NL  00b VT"
 155 .It "00c FF     00d CR  00e SO  00f SI  010 DLE 011 DC1"
 156 .It "012 DC2    013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB"
 157 .It "018 CAN    019 EM  01a SUB 01b ESC 01c FS  01d GS"
 158 .It "01e RS     01f US  020 SP  0ff DEL"
 159 .El
 160 .It Cm c
 161 Characters in the default character set.
 162 Non-printing characters are
 163 represented as 3-digit octal character codes, except the following
 164 characters, which are represented as C escapes:
 165 .Pp
 166 .Bl -tag -width carriage-return -compact
 167 .It NUL
 168 \e0
 169 .It alert
 170 \ea
 171 .It backspace
 172 \eb
 173 .It newline
 174 \en
 175 .It carriage-return
 176 \er
 177 .It tab
 178 \et
 179 .It vertical tab
 180 \ev
 181 .El
 182 .Pp
 183 Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area corresponding to the first
 184 byte of the character. The remaining bytes are shown as
 185 .Ql ** .
 186 .It Xo
 187 .Sm off
 188 .Op Cm d | o | u | x
 189 .Op Cm C | S | I | L | Ar n
 190 .Sm on
 191 .Xc
 192 Signed decimal
 193 .Pq Cm d ,
 194 octal
 195 .Pq Cm o ,
 196 unsigned decimal
 197 .Pq Cm u
 198 or
 199 hexadecimal
 200 .Pq Cm x .
 201 Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either
 202 .Cm C
 203 .Pq Vt char ,
 204 .Cm S
 205 .Pq Vt short ,
 206 .Cm I
 207 .Pq Vt int ,
 208 .Cm L
 209 .Pq Vt long ,
 210 or a byte count as a decimal integer.
 211 .It Xo
 212 .Sm off
 213 .Cm f
 214 .Op Cm F | D | L | Ar n
 215 .Sm on
 216 .Xc
 217 Floating-point number.
 218 Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either
 219 .Cm F
 220 .Pq Vt float ,
 221 .Cm D
 222 .Pq Vt double
 223 or
 224 .Cm L
 225 .Pq Vt "long double" .
 226 .El
 227 .It Fl v
 228 Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of duplicate values with a
 229 .Ql * .
 230 .El
 231 .Pp
 232 Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will
 233 contain one line for each format.
 234 .Pp
 235 If no output format is specified,
 236 .Fl t Ar oS
 237 is assumed.
 238 .Sh ENVIRONMENT
 239 The
 240 .Ev LANG , LC_ALL
 241 and
 242 .Ev LC_CTYPE
 243 environment variables affect the execution of
 244 .Nm
 245 as described in
 246 .Xr environ 7 .
 247 .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
 248 .Ex -std
 249 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 250 The traditional
 251 .Fl s
 252 option to extract string constants is not supported; consider using
 253 .Xr strings 1
 254 instead.
 255 .Sh SEE ALSO
 256 .Xr hexdump 1 ,
 257 .Xr strings 1
 258 .Sh STANDARDS
 259 The
 260 .Nm
 261 utility conforms to
 262 .St -p1003.1-2001 .
 263 .Sh HISTORY
 264 An
 265 .Nm
 266 command appeared in
 267 .At v1 .