alias/builtin.1

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   2 .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Sheldon Hearn
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  27 .\" $FreeBSD: /repoman/r/ncvs/src/share/man/man1/builtin.1,v 1.25 2005/09/09 17:02:08 garys Exp $
  28 .\"
  29 .Dd February 23, 2005
  30 .Dt BUILTIN 1
  31 .Os
  32 .Sh NAME
  33 .Nm builtin ,
  34 .Nm \&! ,
  35 .Nm \&% ,
  36 .Nm \&. ,
  37 .Nm \&: ,
  38 .Nm \&@ ,
  39 .Nm \&{ ,
  40 .Nm \&} ,
  41 .Nm alias ,
  42 .Nm alloc ,
  43 .Nm bg ,
  44 .Nm bind ,
  45 .Nm bindkey ,
  46 .Nm break ,
  47 .Nm breaksw ,
  48 .Nm builtins ,
  49 .Nm case ,
  50 .Nm cd ,
  51 .Nm chdir ,
  52 .Nm command ,
  53 .Nm complete ,
  54 .Nm continue ,
  55 .Nm default ,
  56 .Nm dirs ,
  57 .Nm do ,
  58 .Nm done ,
  59 .Nm echo ,
  60 .Nm echotc ,
  61 .Nm elif ,
  62 .Nm else ,
  63 .Nm end ,
  64 .Nm endif ,
  65 .Nm endsw ,
  66 .Nm esac ,
  67 .Nm eval ,
  68 .Nm exec ,
  69 .Nm exit ,
  70 .Nm export ,
  71 .Nm false ,
  72 .Nm fc ,
  73 .Nm fg ,
  74 .Nm filetest ,
  75 .Nm fi ,
  76 .Nm for ,
  77 .Nm foreach ,
  78 .Nm getopts ,
  79 .Nm glob ,
  80 .Nm goto ,
  81 .Nm hash ,
  82 .Nm hashstat ,
  83 .Nm history ,
  84 .Nm hup ,
  85 .Nm if ,
  86 .Nm jobid ,
  87 .Nm jobs ,
  88 .Nm kill ,
  89 .Nm limit ,
  90 .Nm local ,
  91 .Nm log ,
  92 .Nm login ,
  93 .Nm logout ,
  94 .Nm ls-F ,
  95 .Nm nice ,
  96 .Nm nohup ,
  97 .Nm notify ,
  98 .Nm onintr ,
  99 .Nm popd ,
 100 .Nm printenv ,
 101 .Nm pushd ,
 102 .Nm pwd ,
 103 .Nm read ,
 104 .Nm readonly ,
 105 .Nm rehash ,
 106 .Nm repeat ,
 107 .Nm return ,
 108 .Nm sched ,
 109 .Nm set ,
 110 .Nm setenv ,
 111 .Nm settc ,
 112 .Nm setty ,
 113 .Nm setvar ,
 114 .Nm shift ,
 115 .Nm source ,
 116 .Nm stop ,
 117 .Nm suspend ,
 118 .Nm switch ,
 119 .Nm telltc ,
 120 .Nm test ,
 121 .Nm then ,
 122 .Nm time ,
 123 .Nm times ,
 124 .Nm trap ,
 125 .Nm true ,
 126 .Nm type ,
 127 .Nm ulimit ,
 128 .Nm umask ,
 129 .Nm unalias ,
 130 .Nm uncomplete ,
 131 .Nm unhash ,
 132 .Nm unlimit ,
 133 .Nm unset ,
 134 .Nm unsetenv ,
 135 .Nm until ,
 136 .Nm wait ,
 137 .Nm where ,
 138 .Nm which ,
 139 .Nm while
 140 .Nd shell built-in commands
 141 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 142 .Nm
 143 .Op Fl options
 144 .Op Ar args ...
 145 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 146 Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the
 147 running shell's process.
 148 Note that, in the case of
 149 .Xr csh 1
 150 builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as
 151 any component of a pipeline except the last.
 152 .Pp
 153 If a command specified to the shell contains a slash
 154 .Dq \&/ ,
 155 the shell will not execute a builtin command, even if the last component
 156 of the specified command matches the name of a builtin command.
 157 Thus, while specifying
 158 .Dq Ic echo
 159 causes a builtin command to be executed under shells that support the
 160 .Nm echo
 161 builtin command,
 162 specifying
 163 .Dq Ic /bin/echo
 164 or
 165 .Dq Ic ./echo
 166 does not.
 167 .Pp
 168 While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their
 169 operation may be different under each shell which supports them.
 170 Below is a table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard shells
 171 that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.
 172 .Pp
 173 Only builtin commands for the
 174 .Xr csh 1
 175 and
 176 .Xr sh 1
 177 shells are listed here.
 178 Consult a shell's manual page for
 179 details on the operation of its builtin commands.
 180 Beware that the
 181 .Xr sh 1
 182 manual page, at least, calls some of these commands
 183 .Dq built-in commands
 184 and some of them
 185 .Dq reserved words .
 186 Users of other shells may need to consult an
 187 .Xr info 1
 188 page or other sources of documentation.
 189 .Pp
 190 Commands marked
 191 .Dq Li No**
 192 under
 193 .Em External
 194 do exist externally,
 195 but are implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same name.
 196 .Bl -column ".Ic uncomplete" ".Em External" ".Xr csh 1" ".Xr sh 1" -offset indent
 197 .It Xo
 198 .Em "Command    External" Ta Xr csh 1 Ta Xr sh 1
 199 .Xc
 200 .It Ic ! Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta \&Yes
 201 .It Ic % Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 202 .It Ic . Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 203 .It Ic : Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
 204 .It Ic @ Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
 205 .It Ic { Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta \&Yes
 206 .It Ic } Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta \&Yes
 207 .It Ic alias Ta \&No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
 208 .It Ic alloc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 209 .It Ic bg Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
 210 .It Ic bind Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 211 .It Ic bindkey Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 212 .It Ic break Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&Yes
 213 .It Ic breaksw Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 214 .It Ic builtin Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 215 .It Ic builtins Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 216 .It Ic case Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
 217 .It Ic cd Ta \&No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
 218 .It Ic chdir Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&Yes
 219 .It Ic command Ta \&No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
 220 .It Ic complete Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 221 .It Ic continue Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&Yes
 222 .It Ic default Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 223 .It Ic dirs Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 224 .It Ic do Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 225 .It Ic done Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 226 .It Ic echo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Yes
 227 .It Ic echotc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 228 .It Ic elif Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 229 .It Ic else Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&Yes
 230 .It Ic end Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 231 .It Ic endif Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 232 .It Ic endsw Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 233 .It Ic esac Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 234 .It Ic eval Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
 235 .It Ic exec Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
 236 .It Ic exit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
 237 .It Ic export Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 238 .It Ic false Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
 239 .It Ic fc Ta \&No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
 240 .It Ic fg Ta \&No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
 241 .It Ic filetest Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 242 .It Ic fi Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 243 .It Ic for Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 244 .It Ic foreach Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 245 .It Ic getopts Ta \&No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
 246 .It Ic glob Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 247 .It Ic goto Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 248 .It Ic hash Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 249 .It Ic hashstat Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 250 .It Ic history Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 251 .It Ic hup Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 252 .It Ic if Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&Yes
 253 .It Ic jobid Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 254 .It Ic jobs Ta \&No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
 255 .It Ic kill Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
 256 .It Ic limit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 257 .It Ic local Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 258 .It Ic log Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 259 .It Ic login Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
 260 .It Ic logout Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 261 .It Ic ls-F Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 262 .It Ic nice Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
 263 .It Ic nohup Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
 264 .It Ic notify Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 265 .It Ic onintr Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 266 .It Ic popd Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 267 .It Ic printenv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
 268 .It Ic pushd Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 269 .It Ic pwd Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
 270 .It Ic read Ta \&No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
 271 .It Ic readonly Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 272 .It Ic rehash Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 273 .It Ic repeat Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 274 .It Ic return Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 275 .It Ic sched Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 276 .It Ic set Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&Yes
 277 .It Ic setenv Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 278 .It Ic settc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 279 .It Ic setty Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 280 .It Ic setvar Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 281 .It Ic shift Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
 282 .It Ic source Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 283 .It Ic stop Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 284 .It Ic suspend Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 285 .It Ic switch Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 286 .It Ic telltc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 287 .It Ic test Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
 288 .It Ic then Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 289 .It Ic time Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
 290 .It Ic times Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 291 .It Ic trap Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 292 .It Ic true Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
 293 .It Ic type Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 294 .It Ic ulimit Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 295 .It Ic umask Ta \&No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
 296 .It Ic unalias Ta \&No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
 297 .It Ic uncomplete Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 298 .It Ic unhash Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 299 .It Ic unlimit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 300 .It Ic unset Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
 301 .It Ic unsetenv Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 302 .It Ic until Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
 303 .It Ic wait Ta \&No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
 304 .It Ic where Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
 305 .It Ic which Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
 306 .It Ic while Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&Yes
 307 .El
 308 .Sh SEE ALSO
 309 .Xr csh 1 ,
 310 .Xr echo 1 ,
 311 .Xr false 1 ,
 312 .Xr info 1 ,
 313 .Xr kill 1 ,
 314 .Xr login 1 ,
 315 .Xr nice 1 ,
 316 .Xr nohup 1 ,
 317 .Xr printenv 1 ,
 318 .Xr pwd 1 ,
 319 .Xr sh 1 ,
 320 .Xr test 1 ,
 321 .Xr time 1 ,
 322 .Xr true 1 ,
 323 .Xr which 1
 324 .Sh HISTORY
 325 The
 326 .Nm
 327 manual page first appeared in
 328 .Fx 3.4 .
 329 .Sh AUTHORS
 330 This manual page was written by
 331 .An Sheldon Hearn Aq sheldonh@FreeBSD.org .