[apple/shell_cmds.git] / jot / jot.1

.\"	$NetBSD: jot.1,v 1.3 1997/11/01 04:58:39 mycroft Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)jot.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
.\"
.Dd November 1, 1997
.Dt JOT 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm jot
.Nd print sequential or random data
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm jot
.Op Fl rcn
.Op Fl b Ar word
.Op Fl w Ar word
.Op Fl s Ar string
.Op Fl p Ar precision
.Oo Ar reps
.Oo Ar begin
.Oo Ar end
.Op Ar s
.Oc
.Oc
.Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm jot
utility is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random,
or redundant data (usually numbers) one per line.
.Pp
The following options are available:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl r
Generate random data instead of sequential data, the default.
.It Fl b Ar word
Just print
.Ar word
repetitively.
.It Fl w Ar word
Print
.Ar word
with the generated data appended to it.
Octal, hexadecimal, exponential, ASCII, zero padded,
and right-adjusted representations
are possible by using the appropriate
.Xr printf 3
conversion specification inside
.Ar word ,
in which case the data are inserted rather than appended.
.It Fl c
This is an abbreviation for \fB\-w %c\fP.
.It Fl s Ar string
Print data separated by
.Ar string .
Normally, newlines separate data.
.It Fl n
Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output.
.It Fl p Ar precision
Print only as many digits or characters of the data
as indicated by the integer
.Ar precision .
In the absence of
.Fl p ,
the precision is the greater of the precisions of
.Ar begin
and
.Ar end .
The
.Fl p
option is overridden by whatever appears in a
.Xr printf 3
conversion following
.Fl w .
.El
.Pp
The last four arguments indicate, respectively,
the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound,
and the step size or, for random data, the seed.
While at least one of them must appear,
any of the other three may be omitted, and
will be considered as such if given as
.Dq - .
Any three of these arguments determines the fourth.
If four are specified and the given and computed values of
.Ar reps
conflict, the lower value is used.
If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned
left to right, except for
.Ar s ,
which assumes its default unless both
.Ar begin
and
.Ar end
are given.
.Pp
Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively,
100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are requested,
.Ar s
defaults to a seed depending upon the time of day.
.Ar reps
is expected to be an unsigned integer,
and if given as zero is taken to be infinite.
.Ar begin
and
.Ar end
may be given as real numbers or as characters
representing the corresponding value in ASCII.
The last argument must be a real number.
.Pp
Random numbers are obtained through
.Xr random 3 .
The name
.Nm jot
derives in part from
.Nm iota ,
a function in APL.
.Sh EXAMPLES
The command:
.Dl "jot 21 \-1 1.00"
prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from \-1 to 1.
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "jot \-c 128 0"
prints the ASCII character set.
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "jot \-w xa%c 26 a"
prints the strings
.Dq xaa
through
.Dq xaz .
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "jot \-r \-c 160 a z | rs \-g 0 8"
prints 20 random 8-letter strings.
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "jot \-b y 0"
is equivalent to
.Xr yes 1 .
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "jot \-w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 \- 5"
prints thirty
.Xr ed 1
substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc.
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "jot 0 9 \- \-.5"
prints the stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc.
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "jot \-b x 512 > block"
creates a file containing exactly 1024 bytes.
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "expand \-\`jot \-s, \- 10 132 4\`"
sets tabs four spaces apart starting
from column 10 and ending in column 132.
.Pp
The command:
.Dl "grep \`jot \-s """" \-b . 80\`"
prints all lines 80 characters or longer.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ed 1 ,
.Xr expand 1 ,
.Xr rs 1 ,
.Xr yes 1 ,
.Xr printf 3 ,
.Xr random 3
Commit	Line	Data
44bd5ea7 A	1	.\" $NetBSD: jot.1,v 1.3 1997/11/01 04:58:39 mycroft Exp $
	2	.\"
	3	.\" Copyright (c) 1993
	4	.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
	5	.\"
	6	.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	7	.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
	8	.\" are met:
	9	.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	10	.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	11	.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	12	.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	13	.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
	14	.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
	15	.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
	16	.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
	17	.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
	18	.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
	19	.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
	20	.\" without specific prior written permission.
	21	.\"
	22	.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
	23	.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
	24	.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
	25	.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
	26	.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
	27	.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
	28	.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
	29	.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
	30	.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
	31	.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
	32	.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
	33	.\"
	34	.\" @(#)jot.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
	35	.\"
	36	.Dd November 1, 1997
	37	.Dt JOT 1
	38	.Os
	39	.Sh NAME
	40	.Nm jot
	41	.Nd print sequential or random data
	42	.Sh SYNOPSIS
	43	.Nm jot
	44	.Op Fl rcn
	45	.Op Fl b Ar word
	46	.Op Fl w Ar word
	47	.Op Fl s Ar string
	48	.Op Fl p Ar precision
	49	.Oo Ar reps
	50	.Oo Ar begin
	51	.Oo Ar end
	52	.Op Ar s
	53	.Oc
	54	.Oc
	55	.Oc
	56	.Sh DESCRIPTION
	57	The
	58	.Nm jot
	59	utility is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random,
	60	or redundant data (usually numbers) one per line.
	61	.Pp
	62	The following options are available:
	63	.Bl -tag -width indent
	64	.It Fl r
65	Generate random data instead of sequential data, the default.
66	.It Fl b Ar word
67	Just print
68	.Ar word
69	repetitively.
70	.It Fl w Ar word
71	Print
72	.Ar word
73	with the generated data appended to it.
74	Octal, hexadecimal, exponential, ASCII, zero padded,
75	and right-adjusted representations
76	are possible by using the appropriate
77	.Xr printf 3
78	conversion specification inside
79	.Ar word ,
80	in which case the data are inserted rather than appended.
81	.It Fl c
82	This is an abbreviation for \fB\-w %c\fP.
83	.It Fl s Ar string
84	Print data separated by
85	.Ar string .
86	Normally, newlines separate data.
87	.It Fl n
88	Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output.
89	.It Fl p Ar precision
90	Print only as many digits or characters of the data
91	as indicated by the integer
92	.Ar precision .
93	In the absence of
94	.Fl p ,
95	the precision is the greater of the precisions of
96	.Ar begin
97	and
98	.Ar end .
99	The
100	.Fl p
101	option is overridden by whatever appears in a
102	.Xr printf 3
103	conversion following
104	.Fl w .
105	.El
106	.Pp
107	The last four arguments indicate, respectively,
108	the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound,
109	and the step size or, for random data, the seed.
110	While at least one of them must appear,
111	any of the other three may be omitted, and
112	will be considered as such if given as
113	.Dq - .
114	Any three of these arguments determines the fourth.
115	If four are specified and the given and computed values of
116	.Ar reps
117	conflict, the lower value is used.
118	If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned
119	left to right, except for
120	.Ar s ,
121	which assumes its default unless both
122	.Ar begin
123	and
124	.Ar end
125	are given.
126	.Pp
127	Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively,
128	100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are requested,
129	.Ar s
130	defaults to a seed depending upon the time of day.
131	.Ar reps
132	is expected to be an unsigned integer,
133	and if given as zero is taken to be infinite.
134	.Ar begin
135	and
136	.Ar end
137	may be given as real numbers or as characters
138	representing the corresponding value in ASCII.
139	The last argument must be a real number.
140	.Pp
141	Random numbers are obtained through
142	.Xr random 3 .
143	The name
144	.Nm jot
145	derives in part from
146	.Nm iota ,
147	a function in APL.
148	.Sh EXAMPLES
149	The command:
150	.Dl "jot 21 \-1 1.00"
151	prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from \-1 to 1.
152	.Pp
153	The command:
154	.Dl "jot \-c 128 0"
155	prints the ASCII character set.
156	.Pp
157	The command:
158	.Dl "jot \-w xa%c 26 a"
159	prints the strings
160	.Dq xaa
161	through
162	.Dq xaz .
163	.Pp
164	The command:
165	.Dl "jot \-r \-c 160 a z \| rs \-g 0 8"
166	prints 20 random 8-letter strings.
167	.Pp
168	The command:
169	.Dl "jot \-b y 0"
170	is equivalent to
171	.Xr yes 1 .
172	.Pp
173	The command:
174	.Dl "jot \-w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 \- 5"
175	prints thirty
176	.Xr ed 1
177	substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc.
178	.Pp
179	The command:
180	.Dl "jot 0 9 \- \-.5"
181	prints the stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc.
182	.Pp
183	The command:
184	.Dl "jot \-b x 512 > block"
185	creates a file containing exactly 1024 bytes.
186	.Pp
187	The command:
188	.Dl "expand \-\`jot \-s, \- 10 132 4\`"
189	sets tabs four spaces apart starting
190	from column 10 and ending in column 132.
191	.Pp
192	The command:
193	.Dl "grep \`jot \-s """" \-b . 80\`"
194	prints all lines 80 characters or longer.
195	.Sh SEE ALSO
196	.Xr ed 1 ,
197	.Xr expand 1 ,
198	.Xr rs 1 ,
199	.Xr yes 1 ,
200	.Xr printf 3 ,
201	.Xr random 3