Security-59754.80.3.tar.gz

[apple/security.git] / OSX / libsecurity_utilities / lib / unixchild.cpp

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//
// unixchild - low-level UNIX process child management.
//
// Note that the map-of-children (mChildren) only holds children presumed to
// be alive. Neither unborn nor dead children are included. This is important
// for how children are reaped and death notifications dispatched, and should
// not be changed without prior deep contemplation.
//
// A note on locking:
// All Child objects in this subsystem are mutated under control of a single
// lock (mChildren). This means that children will not step on each other.
// However, death callbacks (Child::dying) are made outside the lock's scope
// to avoid deadlock scenarios with outside locking hierarchies. When Child::dying
// is called, the child has already transitioned to "dead" state and is no longer
// in the (live) children map.
//
#include "unixchild.h"
#include <security_utilities/debugging.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <sstream>

namespace Security {
namespace UnixPlusPlus {


//
// All our globals are in a ModuleNexus, for that special lazy-init goodness
//
ModuleNexus<Child::Children> Child::mChildren;


//
// Make and break Children
//
Child::Child()
        : mState(unborn), mPid(0), mStatus(0)
{
}


Child::~Child()
{
        assert(mState != alive);        // not allowed by protocol
}


//
// Take a Child object that is not alive (i.e. is either unborn or dead),
// and reset it to unborn, so you can fork() it again.
// This call forgets everything about the previous process.
//
void Child::reset()
{
        switch (mState) {
        case alive:
                assert(false);          // bad boy; can't do that
        case unborn:
                break;                          // s'okay
        default:
                secinfo("unixchild", "%p reset (from state %d)", this, mState);
                mState = unborn;
                mPid = 0;
                mStatus = 0;
                break;
        }
}


//
// Global inquiries and setup
//
void Child::sharedChildren(bool s)
{
        StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
        mChildren().shared = s;
}

bool Child::sharedChildren()
{
        StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
        return mChildren().shared;
}


//
// Check status for one Child
//
Child::State Child::check()
{
        Child::State state;
        bool reaped = false;
        {
                StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
                state = mState;
                switch (mState) {
                case alive:
                        reaped = checkStatus(WNOHANG);
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (reaped)
                this->dying();
        return state;
}


//
// Wait for a particular child to be dead.
// This call cannot wait for multiple children; you'll have
// to program that yourself using whatever event loop you're using.
//
void Child::wait()
{
        bool reaped = false;
        {
                StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
                switch (mState) {
                case alive:
                        reaped = checkStatus(0);        // wait for it
                        break;
                case unborn:
                        assert(false);          // don't do that
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (reaped)
                this->dying();
}


//
// Common kill code.
// Requires caller to hold mChildren() lock.
//
void Child::tryKill(int signal)
{
        assert(mState == alive);        // ... or don't bother us
        secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid %d) sending signal(%d)", this, pid(), signal);
        if (::kill(pid(), signal))
                switch (errno) {
                case ESRCH: // someone else reaped ths child; or things are just wacky
                        secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid %d) has disappeared!", this, pid());
                        mState = invalid;
                        mChildren().erase(pid());
                        // fall through
                default:
                        UnixError::throwMe();
                }
}


//
// Send a signal to the Child.
// This will succeed (and do nothing) if the Child is not alive.
//
void Child::kill(int signal)
{
        StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
        if (mState == alive)
                tryKill(signal);
        else
                secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid %d) not alive; cannot send signal %d",
                        this, pid(), signal);
}


//
// Kill with prejudice.
// This will make a serious attempt to *synchronously* kill the process before
// returning. If that doesn't work for some reason, abandon the child.
// This is one thing you can do in the destructor of your subclass to legally
// dispose of your Child's process.
//
void Child::kill()
{
        // note that we mustn't hold the lock across these calls
        switch (this->state()) {
        case alive:
                if (this->state() == alive) {
                        this->kill(SIGTERM);                            // shoot it once
                        checkChildren();                                        // check for quick death
                        if (this->state() == alive) {
                                usleep(200000);                                 // give it some time to die
                                if (this->state() == alive) {   // could have been reaped by another thread
                                        checkChildren();                        // check again
                                        if (this->state() == alive) {   // it... just... won't... die...
                                                this->kill(SIGKILL);    // take THAT!
                                                checkChildren();
                                                if (this->state() == alive) // stuck zombie
                                                        this->abandon();        // leave the body behind
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                break;
        case dead:
                secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid %d) already dead; ignoring kill request", this, pid());
                break;
        default:
                secinfo("unixchild", "%p state %d; ignoring kill request", this, this->state());
                break;
        }
}


//
// Take a living child and cut it loose. This sets its state to abandoned
// and removes it from the child registry.
// This is one thing you can do in the destructor of your subclass to legally
// dispose of your child's process.
//
void Child::abandon()
{
        StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
        if (mState == alive) {
                secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid %d) abandoned", this, pid());
                mState = abandoned;
                mChildren().erase(pid());
        } else {
                secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid %d) is not alive; abandon() ignored",
                        this, pid());
        }
}


//
// Forensic examination of the Child's cadaver.
// Not interlocked because you have to check for state() == dead first,
// and these values are const ever after.
//
int Child::waitStatus() const
{
        assert(mState == dead);
        return mStatus;
}

bool Child::bySignal() const
{
        assert(mState == dead);
        return WIFSIGNALED(mStatus);
}

int Child::exitCode() const
{
        assert(mState == dead);
        assert(WIFEXITED(mStatus));
        return WEXITSTATUS(mStatus);
}

int Child::exitSignal() const
{
        assert(mState == dead);
        assert(WIFSIGNALED(mStatus));
        return WTERMSIG(mStatus);
}

bool Child::coreDumped() const
{
        assert(mState == dead);
        assert(WIFSIGNALED(mStatus));
        return WCOREDUMP(mStatus);
}


//
// Find a child in the child map, by pid
// This will only find live children, and return NULL for all others.
//
Child *Child::findGeneric(pid_t pid)
{
        StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
        Children::iterator it = mChildren().find(pid);
        if (it == mChildren().end())
                return NULL;
        else
                return it->second;
}


//
// Do the actual fork job.
// At this layer, the client side does nothing but run childAction(). Any plumbing
// or cleanup is up to that function (which runs in the child) and the caller (after
// fork() returns). If childAction() returns at all, we will call exit(1) to get
// rid of the child.
//
void Child::fork()
{
        static const unsigned maxDelay = 30;    // seconds increment, i.e. 5 retries

        assert(mState == unborn);
        for (unsigned delay = 1; ;) {
                switch (pid_t pid = ::fork()) {
                case -1:        // fork failed
                        switch (errno) {
                        case EINTR:
                                secinfo("unixchild", "%p fork EINTR; retrying", this);
                                continue;       // no problem
                        case EAGAIN:
                                if (delay < maxDelay) {
                                        secinfo("unixchild", "%p fork EAGAIN; delaying %d seconds",
                                                this, delay);
                                        sleep(delay);
                                        delay *= 2;
                                        continue;
                                }
                                // fall through
                        default:
                                UnixError::throwMe();
                        }
                        assert(false);  // unreached

                case 0:         // child
                        //@@@ bother to clean child map?
                        try {
                                this->childAction();
                        } catch (...) {
                        }
                        _exit(1);

                default:        // parent
                        {
                                StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
                                mState = alive;
                                mPid = pid;
                                mChildren().insert(make_pair(pid, this));
                        }
                        secinfo("unixchild", "%p (parent) running parent action", this);
                        this->parentAction();
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }
}


//
// Check the status of this child by explicitly probing it.
// Caller must hold master lock.
//
bool Child::checkStatus(int options)
{
        assert(state() == alive);
        secinfo("unixchild", "checking %p (pid %d)", this, this->pid());
        int status;
  again:
        switch (pid_t pid = ::wait4(this->pid(), &status, options, NULL)) {
        case pid_t(-1):
                switch (errno) {
                case EINTR:
                        goto again;             // retry
                case ECHILD:
                        secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid=%d) unknown to kernel", this, this->pid());
                        mState = invalid;
                        mChildren().erase(this->pid());
                        return false;
                default:
                        UnixError::throwMe();
                }
        case 0:
                return false;   // child not ready (do nothing)
        default:
                assert(pid == this->pid());
                bury(status);
                return true;
        }
}


//
// Perform an idempotent check for dead children, as per the UNIX wait() system calls.
// This can be called at any time, and will reap all children that have died since
// last time. The obvious time to call this is after a SIGCHLD has been received;
// however signal dispatch is so - uh, interesting - in UNIX that we don't even try
// to deal with it at this level. Suffice to say that calling checkChildren directly
// from within a signal handler is NOT generally safe due to locking constraints.
//
// If the shared() flag is on, we explicitly poll each child known to be recently
// alive. That is less efficient than reaping any and all, but leaves any children
// alone that someone else may have created without our knowledge. The default is
// not shared(), which will reap (and discard) any unrelated children without letting
// the caller know about it.
//
void Child::checkChildren()
{
        Bier casualties;
        {
                StLock<Mutex> _(mChildren());
                if (mChildren().shared) {
                        for (Children::iterator it = mChildren().begin(); it != mChildren().end(); it++)
                                if (it->second->checkStatus(WNOHANG))
                                        casualties.add(it->second);
                } else if (!mChildren().empty()) {
                        int status;
                        while (pid_t pid = ::wait4(0, &status, WNOHANG, NULL)) {
                                ostringstream os;
                                os << "universal child check (" << mChildren().size() << " children known alive)";
                                secinfo("unixchild", "%s", os.str().c_str());
                                switch (pid) {
                                case pid_t(-1):
                                        switch (errno) {
                                        case EINTR:
                                                secinfo("unixchild", "EINTR on wait4; retrying");
                                                continue;       // benign, but retry the wait()
                                        case ECHILD:
                                                // Should not normally happen (there *is* a child around),
                                                // but gets returned anyway if the child is stopped in the debugger.
                                                // Treat like a zero return (no children ready to be buried).
                                                secinfo("unixchild", "ECHILD with filled nursery (ignored)");
                                                goto no_more;
                                        default:
                                                UnixError::throwMe();
                                        }
                                default:
                                        if (Child *child = mChildren()[pid]) {
                                                child->bury(status);
                                                casualties.add(child);
                                        } else
                                                secinfo("unixchild", "reaping feral child pid=%d", pid);
                                        if (mChildren().empty())
                                                goto no_more;   // none left
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                  no_more: ;
                } else {
                        secinfo("unixchild", "spurious checkChildren (the nursery is empty)");
                }
        }       // release master lock
        casualties.notify();
}


//
// Perform the canonical last rites for a formerly alive child.
// Requires master lock held throughout.
//
void Child::bury(int status)
{
        assert(mState == alive);
        mState = dead;
        mStatus = status;
        mChildren().erase(mPid);
#if !defined(NDEBUG)
        if (bySignal())
                secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid %d) died by signal %d%s",
                        this, mPid, exitSignal(),
                        coreDumped() ? " and dumped core" : "");
        else
                secinfo("unixchild", "%p (pid %d) died by exit(%d)",
                        this, mPid, exitCode());
#endif //NDEBUG
}


//
// Default hooks
//
void Child::parentAction()
{ /* nothing */ }

void Child::dying()
{ /* nothing */ }


//
// Biers
//
void Child::Bier::notify()
{
        for (const_iterator it = begin(); it != end(); ++it)
                (*it)->dying();
}


}       // end namespace IPPlusPlus
}       // end namespace Security