Security-57740.51.3.tar.gz

[apple/security.git] / OSX / libsecurity_codesigning / lib / StaticCode.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2015 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
 * file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */

//
// StaticCode - SecStaticCode API objects
//
#include "StaticCode.h"
#include "Code.h"
#include "reqmaker.h"
#include "drmaker.h"
#include "reqdumper.h"
#include "reqparser.h"
#include "sigblob.h"
#include "resources.h"
#include "detachedrep.h"
#include "csdatabase.h"
#include "dirscanner.h"
#include <CoreFoundation/CFURLAccess.h>
#include <Security/SecPolicyPriv.h>
#include <Security/SecTrustPriv.h>
#include <Security/SecCertificatePriv.h>
#include <Security/CMSPrivate.h>
#include <Security/SecCmsContentInfo.h>
#include <Security/SecCmsSignerInfo.h>
#include <Security/SecCmsSignedData.h>
#include <Security/cssmapplePriv.h>
#include <security_utilities/unix++.h>
#include <security_utilities/cfmunge.h>
#include <Security/CMSDecoder.h>
#include <security_utilities/logging.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <IOKit/storage/IOStorageDeviceCharacteristics.h>
#include <dispatch/private.h>


namespace Security {
namespace CodeSigning {

using namespace UnixPlusPlus;

// A requirement representing a Mac or iOS dev cert, a Mac or iOS distribution cert, or a developer ID
static const char WWDRRequirement[] = "anchor apple generic and certificate leaf[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.1.2] exists";
static const char MACWWDRRequirement[] = "anchor apple generic and certificate leaf[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.1.12] exists";
static const char developerID[] = "anchor apple generic and certificate 1[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.2.6] exists"
                                                                                        " and certificate leaf[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.1.13] exists";
static const char distributionCertificate[] =   "anchor apple generic and certificate leaf[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.1.7] exists";
static const char iPhoneDistributionCert[] =    "anchor apple generic and certificate leaf[field.1.2.840.113635.100.6.1.4] exists";

//
// Map a component slot number to a suitable error code for a failure
//
static inline OSStatus errorForSlot(CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot)
{
        switch (slot) {
        case cdInfoSlot:
                return errSecCSInfoPlistFailed;
        case cdResourceDirSlot:
                return errSecCSResourceDirectoryFailed;
        default:
                return errSecCSSignatureFailed;
        }
}


//
// Construct a SecStaticCode object given a disk representation object
//
SecStaticCode::SecStaticCode(DiskRep *rep)
        : mRep(rep),
          mValidated(false), mExecutableValidated(false), mResourcesValidated(false), mResourcesValidContext(NULL),
          mProgressQueue("com.apple.security.validation-progress", false, QOS_CLASS_DEFAULT),
          mOuterScope(NULL), mResourceScope(NULL),
          mDesignatedReq(NULL), mGotResourceBase(false), mMonitor(NULL), mLimitedAsync(NULL), mEvalDetails(NULL)
{
        CODESIGN_STATIC_CREATE(this, rep);
        checkForSystemSignature();
}


//
// Clean up a SecStaticCode object
//
SecStaticCode::~SecStaticCode() throw()
try {
        ::free(const_cast<Requirement *>(mDesignatedReq));
        delete mResourcesValidContext;
        delete mLimitedAsync;
} catch (...) {
        return;
}

//
// Initialize a nested SecStaticCode object from its parent
//
void SecStaticCode::initializeFromParent(const SecStaticCode& parent) {
        mOuterScope = &parent;
        setMonitor(parent.monitor());
        if (parent.mLimitedAsync)
                mLimitedAsync = new LimitedAsync(*parent.mLimitedAsync);
}

//
// CF-level comparison of SecStaticCode objects compares CodeDirectory hashes if signed,
// and falls back on comparing canonical paths if (both are) not.
//
bool SecStaticCode::equal(SecCFObject &secOther)
{
        SecStaticCode *other = static_cast<SecStaticCode *>(&secOther);
        CFDataRef mine = this->cdHash();
        CFDataRef his = other->cdHash();
        if (mine || his)
                return mine && his && CFEqual(mine, his);
        else
                return CFEqual(CFRef<CFURLRef>(this->copyCanonicalPath()), CFRef<CFURLRef>(other->copyCanonicalPath()));
}

CFHashCode SecStaticCode::hash()
{
        if (CFDataRef h = this->cdHash())
                return CFHash(h);
        else
                return CFHash(CFRef<CFURLRef>(this->copyCanonicalPath()));
}


//
// Invoke a stage monitor if registered
//
CFTypeRef SecStaticCode::reportEvent(CFStringRef stage, CFDictionaryRef info)
{
        if (mMonitor)
                return mMonitor(this->handle(false), stage, info);
        else
                return NULL;
}

void SecStaticCode::prepareProgress(unsigned int workload)
{
        dispatch_sync(mProgressQueue, ^{
                mCancelPending = false;                 // not cancelled
        });
        if (mValidationFlags & kSecCSReportProgress) {
                mCurrentWork = 0;                               // nothing done yet
                mTotalWork = workload;                  // totally fake - we don't know how many files we'll get to chew
        }
}

void SecStaticCode::reportProgress(unsigned amount /* = 1 */)
{
        if (mMonitor && (mValidationFlags & kSecCSReportProgress)) {
                // update progress and report
                __block bool cancel = false;
                dispatch_sync(mProgressQueue, ^{
                        if (mCancelPending)
                                cancel = true;
                        mCurrentWork += amount;
                        mMonitor(this->handle(false), CFSTR("progress"), CFTemp<CFDictionaryRef>("{current=%d,total=%d}", mCurrentWork, mTotalWork));
                });
                // if cancellation is pending, abort now
                if (cancel)
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSCancelled);
        }
}


//
// Set validation conditions for fine-tuning legacy tolerance
//
static void addError(CFTypeRef cfError, void* context)
{
        if (CFGetTypeID(cfError) == CFNumberGetTypeID()) {
                int64_t error;
                CFNumberGetValue(CFNumberRef(cfError), kCFNumberSInt64Type, (void*)&error);
                MacOSErrorSet* errors = (MacOSErrorSet*)context;
                errors->insert(OSStatus(error));
        }
}

void SecStaticCode::setValidationModifiers(CFDictionaryRef conditions)
{
        if (conditions) {
                CFDictionary source(conditions, errSecCSDbCorrupt);
                mAllowOmissions = source.get<CFArrayRef>("omissions");
                if (CFArrayRef errors = source.get<CFArrayRef>("errors"))
                        CFArrayApplyFunction(errors, CFRangeMake(0, CFArrayGetCount(errors)), addError, &this->mTolerateErrors);
        }
}


//
// Request cancellation of a validation in progress.
// We do this by posting an abort flag that is checked periodically.
//
void SecStaticCode::cancelValidation()
{
        if (!(mValidationFlags & kSecCSReportProgress))         // not using progress reporting; cancel won't make it through
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSInvalidFlags);
        dispatch_assert_queue(mProgressQueue);
        mCancelPending = true;
}


//
// Attach a detached signature.
//
void SecStaticCode::detachedSignature(CFDataRef sigData)
{
        if (sigData) {
                mDetachedSig = sigData;
                mRep = new DetachedRep(sigData, mRep->base(), "explicit detached");
                CODESIGN_STATIC_ATTACH_EXPLICIT(this, mRep);
        } else {
                mDetachedSig = NULL;
                mRep = mRep->base();
                CODESIGN_STATIC_ATTACH_EXPLICIT(this, NULL);
        }
}


//
// Consult the system detached signature database to see if it contains
// a detached signature for this StaticCode. If it does, fetch and attach it.
// We do this only if the code has no signature already attached.
//
void SecStaticCode::checkForSystemSignature()
{
        if (!this->isSigned()) {
                SignatureDatabase db;
                if (db.isOpen())
                        try {
                                if (RefPointer<DiskRep> dsig = db.findCode(mRep)) {
                                        CODESIGN_STATIC_ATTACH_SYSTEM(this, dsig);
                                        mRep = dsig;
                                }
                        } catch (...) {
                        }
        }
}


//
// Return a descriptive string identifying the source of the code signature
//
string SecStaticCode::signatureSource()
{
        if (!isSigned())
                return "unsigned";
        if (DetachedRep *rep = dynamic_cast<DetachedRep *>(mRep.get()))
                return rep->source();
        return "embedded";
}


//
// Do ::required, but convert incoming SecCodeRefs to their SecStaticCodeRefs
// (if possible).
//
SecStaticCode *SecStaticCode::requiredStatic(SecStaticCodeRef ref)
{
        SecCFObject *object = SecCFObject::required(ref, errSecCSInvalidObjectRef);
        if (SecStaticCode *scode = dynamic_cast<SecStaticCode *>(object))
                return scode;
        else if (SecCode *code = dynamic_cast<SecCode *>(object))
                return code->staticCode();
        else    // neither (a SecSomethingElse)
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSInvalidObjectRef);
}

SecCode *SecStaticCode::optionalDynamic(SecStaticCodeRef ref)
{
        SecCFObject *object = SecCFObject::required(ref, errSecCSInvalidObjectRef);
        if (dynamic_cast<SecStaticCode *>(object))
                return NULL;
        else if (SecCode *code = dynamic_cast<SecCode *>(object))
                return code;
        else    // neither (a SecSomethingElse)
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSInvalidObjectRef);
}


//
// Void all cached validity data.
//
// We also throw out cached components, because the new signature data may have
// a different idea of what components should be present. We could reconcile the
// cached data instead, if performance seems to be impacted.
//
void SecStaticCode::resetValidity()
{
        CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_RESET(this);
        mValidated = false;
        mExecutableValidated = mResourcesValidated = false;
        if (mResourcesValidContext) {
                delete mResourcesValidContext;
                mResourcesValidContext = NULL;
        }
        mDir = NULL;
        mSignature = NULL;
        for (unsigned n = 0; n < cdSlotCount; n++)
                mCache[n] = NULL;
        mInfoDict = NULL;
        mEntitlements = NULL;
        mResourceDict = NULL;
        mDesignatedReq = NULL;
        mCDHash = NULL;
        mGotResourceBase = false;
        mTrust = NULL;
        mCertChain = NULL;
        mEvalDetails = NULL;
        mRep->flush();

        // we may just have updated the system database, so check again
        checkForSystemSignature();
}


//
// Retrieve a sealed component by special slot index.
// If the CodeDirectory has already been validated, validate against that.
// Otherwise, retrieve the component without validation (but cache it). Validation
// will go through the cache and validate all cached components.
//
CFDataRef SecStaticCode::component(CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot, OSStatus fail /* = errSecCSSignatureFailed */)
{
        assert(slot <= cdSlotMax);

        CFRef<CFDataRef> &cache = mCache[slot];
        if (!cache) {
                if (CFRef<CFDataRef> data = mRep->component(slot)) {
                        if (validated()) { // if the directory has been validated...
                                if (!codeDirectory()->slotIsPresent(-slot))
                                        return NULL;

                                if (!codeDirectory()->validateSlot(CFDataGetBytePtr(data), // ... and it's no good
                                                CFDataGetLength(data), -slot))
                                        MacOSError::throwMe(errorForSlot(slot)); // ... then bail
                        }
                        cache = data;   // it's okay, cache it
                } else {        // absent, mark so
                        if (validated())        // if directory has been validated...
                                if (codeDirectory()->slotIsPresent(-slot)) // ... and the slot is NOT missing
                                        MacOSError::throwMe(errorForSlot(slot));        // was supposed to be there
                        cache = CFDataRef(kCFNull);             // white lie
                }
        }
        return (cache == CFDataRef(kCFNull)) ? NULL : cache.get();
}


//
// Get the CodeDirectory.
// Throws (if check==true) or returns NULL (check==false) if there is none.
// Always throws if the CodeDirectory exists but is invalid.
// NEVER validates against the signature.
//
const CodeDirectory *SecStaticCode::codeDirectory(bool check /* = true */) const
{
        if (!mDir) {
                // pick our favorite CodeDirectory from the choices we've got
                try {
                        CodeDirectoryMap candidates;
                        if (loadCodeDirectories(candidates)) {
                                CodeDirectory::HashAlgorithm type = CodeDirectory::bestHashOf(mHashAlgorithms);
                                mDir = candidates[type];                                                                // and the winner is...
                                candidates.swap(mCodeDirectories);
                        }
                } catch (...) {
                        if (check)
                                throw;
                        // We wanted a NON-checked peek and failed to safely decode the existing CodeDirectory.
                        // Pretend this is unsigned, but make sure we didn't somehow cache an invalid CodeDirectory.
                        if (mDir) {
                                assert(false);
                                Syslog::warning("code signing internal problem: mDir set despite exception exit");
                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSInternalError);
                        }
                }
        }
        if (mDir)
                return reinterpret_cast<const CodeDirectory *>(CFDataGetBytePtr(mDir));
        if (check)
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSUnsigned);
        return NULL;
}


//
// Fetch an array of all available CodeDirectories.
// Returns false if unsigned (no classic CD slot), true otherwise.
//
bool SecStaticCode::loadCodeDirectories(CodeDirectoryMap& cdMap) const
{
        __block CodeDirectoryMap candidates;
        __block CodeDirectory::HashAlgorithms hashAlgorithms;
        __block CFRef<CFDataRef> baseDir;
        auto add = ^bool (CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot){
                CFRef<CFDataRef> cdData = diskRep()->component(slot);
                if (!cdData)
                        return false;
                const CodeDirectory* cd = reinterpret_cast<const CodeDirectory*>(CFDataGetBytePtr(cdData));
                if (!cd->validateBlob(CFDataGetLength(cdData)))
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureFailed);   // no recovery - any suspect CD fails
                cd->checkIntegrity();
                auto result = candidates.insert(make_pair(cd->hashType, cdData.get()));
                if (!result.second)
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureInvalid);  // duplicate hashType, go to heck
                hashAlgorithms.insert(cd->hashType);
                if (slot == cdCodeDirectorySlot)
                        baseDir = cdData;
                return true;
        };
        if (!add(cdCodeDirectorySlot))
                return false;           // no classic slot CodeDirectory -> unsigned
        for (CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot = cdAlternateCodeDirectorySlots; slot < cdAlternateCodeDirectoryLimit; slot++)
                if (!add(slot))         // no CodeDirectory at this slot -> end of alternates
                        break;
        if (candidates.empty())
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureFailed);           // no viable CodeDirectory in sight
        // commit to cached values
        cdMap.swap(candidates);
        mHashAlgorithms.swap(hashAlgorithms);
        mBaseDir = baseDir;
        return true;
}


//
// Get the hash of the CodeDirectory.
// Returns NULL if there is none.
//
CFDataRef SecStaticCode::cdHash()
{
        if (!mCDHash) {
                if (const CodeDirectory *cd = codeDirectory(false)) {
                        mCDHash.take(cd->cdhash());
                        CODESIGN_STATIC_CDHASH(this, CFDataGetBytePtr(mCDHash), (unsigned int)CFDataGetLength(mCDHash));
                }
        }
        return mCDHash;
}
        
        
//
// Get an array of the cdhashes for all digest types in this signature
// The array is sorted by cd->hashType.
//
CFArrayRef SecStaticCode::cdHashes()
{
        if (!mCDHashes) {
                CFRef<CFMutableArrayRef> cdList = makeCFMutableArray(0);
                for (auto it = mCodeDirectories.begin(); it != mCodeDirectories.end(); ++it) {
                        const CodeDirectory *cd = (const CodeDirectory *)CFDataGetBytePtr(it->second);
                        if (CFRef<CFDataRef> hash = cd->cdhash())
                                CFArrayAppendValue(cdList, hash);
                }
                mCDHashes = cdList.get();
        }
        return mCDHashes;
}


//
// Return the CMS signature blob; NULL if none found.
//
CFDataRef SecStaticCode::signature()
{
        if (!mSignature)
                mSignature.take(mRep->signature());
        if (mSignature)
                return mSignature;
        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSUnsigned);
}


//
// Verify the signature on the CodeDirectory.
// If this succeeds (doesn't throw), the CodeDirectory is statically trustworthy.
// Any outcome (successful or not) is cached for the lifetime of the StaticCode.
//
void SecStaticCode::validateDirectory()
{
        // echo previous outcome, if any
        // track revocation separately, as it may not have been checked
        // during the initial validation
        if (!validated() || ((mValidationFlags & kSecCSEnforceRevocationChecks) && !revocationChecked()))
                try {
                        // perform validation (or die trying)
                        CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_DIRECTORY(this);
                        mValidationExpired = verifySignature();
                        if (mValidationFlags & kSecCSEnforceRevocationChecks)
                                mRevocationChecked = true;

                        for (CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot = codeDirectory()->maxSpecialSlot(); slot >= 1; --slot)
                                if (mCache[slot])       // if we already loaded that resource...
                                        validateComponent(slot, errorForSlot(slot)); // ... then check it now
                        mValidated = true;                      // we've done the deed...
                        mValidationResult = errSecSuccess;      // ... and it was good
                } catch (const CommonError &err) {
                        mValidated = true;
                        mValidationResult = err.osStatus();
                        throw;
                } catch (...) {
                        secinfo("staticCode", "%p validation threw non-common exception", this);
                        mValidated = true;
                        Syslog::notice("code signing internal problem: unknown exception thrown by validation");
                        mValidationResult = errSecCSInternalError;
                        throw;
                }
        assert(validated());
        if (mValidationResult == errSecSuccess) {
                if (mValidationExpired)
                        if ((mValidationFlags & kSecCSConsiderExpiration)
                                        || (codeDirectory()->flags & kSecCodeSignatureForceExpiration))
                                MacOSError::throwMe(CSSMERR_TP_CERT_EXPIRED);
        } else
                MacOSError::throwMe(mValidationResult);
}


//
// Load and validate the CodeDirectory and all components *except* those related to the resource envelope.
// Those latter components are checked by validateResources().
//
void SecStaticCode::validateNonResourceComponents()
{
        this->validateDirectory();
        for (CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot = codeDirectory()->maxSpecialSlot(); slot >= 1; --slot)
                switch (slot) {
                case cdResourceDirSlot:         // validated by validateResources
                        break;
                default:
                        this->component(slot);          // loads and validates
                        break;
                }
}
        
        
//
// Check that any "top index" sealed into the signature conforms to what's actually here.
//
void SecStaticCode::validateTopDirectory()
{
        assert(mDir);           // must already have loaded CodeDirectories
        if (CFDataRef topDirectory = component(cdTopDirectorySlot)) {
                const auto topData = (const Endian<uint32_t> *)CFDataGetBytePtr(topDirectory);
                const auto topDataEnd = topData + CFDataGetLength(topDirectory) / sizeof(*topData);
                std::vector<uint32_t> signedVector(topData, topDataEnd);
                
                std::vector<uint32_t> foundVector;
                foundVector.push_back(cdCodeDirectorySlot);     // mandatory
                for (CodeDirectory::Slot slot = 1; slot <= cdSlotMax; ++slot)
                        if (component(slot))
                                foundVector.push_back(slot);
                int alternateCount = int(mCodeDirectories.size() - 1);          // one will go into cdCodeDirectorySlot
                for (unsigned n = 0; n < alternateCount; n++)
                        foundVector.push_back(cdAlternateCodeDirectorySlots + n);
                foundVector.push_back(cdSignatureSlot);         // mandatory (may be empty)
                
                if (signedVector != foundVector)
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureFailed);
        }
}


//
// Get the (signed) signing date from the code signature.
// Sadly, we need to validate the signature to get the date (as a side benefit).
// This means that you can't get the signing time for invalidly signed code.
//
// We could run the decoder "almost to" verification to avoid this, but there seems
// little practical point to such a duplication of effort.
//
CFAbsoluteTime SecStaticCode::signingTime()
{
        validateDirectory();
        return mSigningTime;
}

CFAbsoluteTime SecStaticCode::signingTimestamp()
{
        validateDirectory();
        return mSigningTimestamp;
}


//
// Verify the CMS signature.
// This performs the cryptographic tango. It returns if the signature is valid,
// or throws if it is not. As a side effect, a successful return sets up the
// cached certificate chain for future use.
// Returns true if the signature is expired (the X.509 sense), false if it's not.
// Expiration is fatal (throws) if a secure timestamp is included, but not otherwise.
//
bool SecStaticCode::verifySignature()
{
        // ad-hoc signed code is considered validly signed by definition
        if (flag(kSecCodeSignatureAdhoc)) {
                CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_SIGNATURE_ADHOC(this);
                return false;
        }

        DTRACK(CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_SIGNATURE, this, (char*)this->mainExecutablePath().c_str());

        // decode CMS and extract SecTrust for verification
        CFRef<CMSDecoderRef> cms;
        MacOSError::check(CMSDecoderCreate(&cms.aref())); // create decoder
        CFDataRef sig = this->signature();
        MacOSError::check(CMSDecoderUpdateMessage(cms, CFDataGetBytePtr(sig), CFDataGetLength(sig)));
        this->codeDirectory();  // load CodeDirectory (sets mDir)
        MacOSError::check(CMSDecoderSetDetachedContent(cms, mBaseDir));
        MacOSError::check(CMSDecoderFinalizeMessage(cms));
        MacOSError::check(CMSDecoderSetSearchKeychain(cms, cfEmptyArray()));
        CFRef<CFArrayRef> vf_policies(verificationPolicies());
        CFRef<CFArrayRef> ts_policies(SecPolicyCreateAppleTimeStampingAndRevocationPolicies(vf_policies));

        CMSSignerStatus status;
        MacOSError::check(CMSDecoderCopySignerStatus(cms, 0, vf_policies,
                                false, &status, &mTrust.aref(), NULL));

        if (status != kCMSSignerValid) {
                const char *reason;
                switch (status) {
                        case kCMSSignerUnsigned: reason="kCMSSignerUnsigned"; break;
                        case kCMSSignerNeedsDetachedContent: reason="kCMSSignerNeedsDetachedContent"; break;
                        case kCMSSignerInvalidSignature: reason="kCMSSignerInvalidSignature"; break;
                        case kCMSSignerInvalidCert: reason="kCMSSignerInvalidCert"; break;
                        case kCMSSignerInvalidIndex: reason="kCMSSignerInvalidIndex"; break;
                        default: reason="unknown"; break;
                }
                Security::Syslog::error("CMSDecoderCopySignerStatus failed with %s error (%d)",
                                                                reason, (int)status);
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureFailed);
        }

        // retrieve auxiliary data bag and verify against current state
        CFRef<CFDataRef> hashBag;
        switch (OSStatus rc = CMSDecoderCopySignerAppleCodesigningHashAgility(cms, 0, &hashBag.aref())) {
        case noErr:
                if (hashBag) {
                        CFRef<CFDictionaryRef> hashDict = makeCFDictionaryFrom(hashBag);
                        CFArrayRef cdList = CFArrayRef(CFDictionaryGetValue(hashDict, CFSTR("cdhashes")));
                        CFArrayRef myCdList = this->cdHashes();
                        if (cdList == NULL || !CFEqual(cdList, myCdList))
                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureFailed);
                }
                break;
        case -1:        /* CMS used to return this for "no attribute found", so tolerate it. Now returning noErr/NULL */
                break;
        default:
                MacOSError::throwMe(rc);
        }

        // internal signing time (as specified by the signer; optional)
        mSigningTime = 0;       // "not present" marker (nobody could code sign on Jan 1, 2001 :-)
        switch (OSStatus rc = CMSDecoderCopySignerSigningTime(cms, 0, &mSigningTime)) {
        case errSecSuccess:
        case errSecSigningTimeMissing:
                break;
        default:
                Security::Syslog::error("Could not get signing time (error %d)", (int)rc);
                MacOSError::throwMe(rc);
        }

        // certified signing time (as specified by a TSA; optional)
        mSigningTimestamp = 0;
        switch (OSStatus rc = CMSDecoderCopySignerTimestampWithPolicy(cms, ts_policies, 0, &mSigningTimestamp)) {
        case errSecSuccess:
        case errSecTimestampMissing:
                break;
        default:
                Security::Syslog::error("Could not get timestamp (error %d)", (int)rc);
                MacOSError::throwMe(rc);
        }

        // set up the environment for SecTrust
    if (mValidationFlags & kSecCSNoNetworkAccess) {
        MacOSError::check(SecTrustSetNetworkFetchAllowed(mTrust,false)); // no network?
    }
    MacOSError::check(SecTrustSetKeychainsAllowed(mTrust, false));

        CSSM_APPLE_TP_ACTION_DATA actionData = {
                CSSM_APPLE_TP_ACTION_VERSION,   // version of data structure
                0       // action flags
        };

        if (!(mValidationFlags & kSecCSCheckTrustedAnchors)) {
                /* no need to evaluate anchor trust when building cert chain */
                MacOSError::check(SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(mTrust, cfEmptyArray())); // no anchors
                actionData.ActionFlags |= CSSM_TP_ACTION_IMPLICIT_ANCHORS;      // action flags
        }

        for (;;) {      // at most twice
                MacOSError::check(SecTrustSetParameters(mTrust,
                        CSSM_TP_ACTION_DEFAULT, CFTempData(&actionData, sizeof(actionData))));

                // evaluate trust and extract results
                SecTrustResultType trustResult;
                MacOSError::check(SecTrustEvaluate(mTrust, &trustResult));
                MacOSError::check(SecTrustGetResult(mTrust, &trustResult, &mCertChain.aref(), &mEvalDetails));

                // if this is an Apple developer cert....
                if (teamID() && SecStaticCode::isAppleDeveloperCert(mCertChain)) {
                        CFRef<CFStringRef> teamIDFromCert;
                        if (CFArrayGetCount(mCertChain) > 0) {
                                /* Note that SecCertificateCopySubjectComponent sets the out parameter to NULL if there is no field present */
                                MacOSError::check(SecCertificateCopySubjectComponent((SecCertificateRef)CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(mCertChain, Requirement::leafCert),
                                                                                                                                         &CSSMOID_OrganizationalUnitName,
                                                                                                                                         &teamIDFromCert.aref()));

                                if (teamIDFromCert) {
                                        CFRef<CFStringRef> teamIDFromCD = CFStringCreateWithCString(NULL, teamID(), kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
                                        if (!teamIDFromCD) {
                                                Security::Syslog::error("Could not get team identifier (%s)", teamID());
                                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSInvalidTeamIdentifier);
                                        }

                                        if (CFStringCompare(teamIDFromCert, teamIDFromCD, 0) != kCFCompareEqualTo) {
                                                Security::Syslog::error("Team identifier in the signing certificate (%s) does not match the team identifier (%s) in the code directory",
                                                                                                cfString(teamIDFromCert).c_str(), teamID());
                                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSBadTeamIdentifier);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }

                CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_SIGNATURE_RESULT(this, trustResult, mCertChain ? (int)CFArrayGetCount(mCertChain) : 0);
                switch (trustResult) {
                case kSecTrustResultProceed:
                case kSecTrustResultUnspecified:
                        break;                          // success
                case kSecTrustResultDeny:
                        MacOSError::throwMe(CSSMERR_APPLETP_TRUST_SETTING_DENY);        // user reject
                case kSecTrustResultInvalid:
                        assert(false);          // should never happen
                        MacOSError::throwMe(CSSMERR_TP_NOT_TRUSTED);
                default:
                        {
                                OSStatus result;
                                MacOSError::check(SecTrustGetCssmResultCode(mTrust, &result));
                                // if we have a valid timestamp, CMS validates against (that) signing time and all is well.
                                // If we don't have one, may validate against *now*, and must be able to tolerate expiration.
                                if (mSigningTimestamp == 0) { // no timestamp available
                                        if (((result == CSSMERR_TP_CERT_EXPIRED) || (result == CSSMERR_TP_CERT_NOT_VALID_YET))
                                                        && !(actionData.ActionFlags & CSSM_TP_ACTION_ALLOW_EXPIRED)) {
                                                CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_SIGNATURE_EXPIRED(this);
                                                actionData.ActionFlags |= CSSM_TP_ACTION_ALLOW_EXPIRED; // (this also allows postdated certs)
                                                continue;               // retry validation while tolerating expiration
                                        }
                                }
                                Security::Syslog::error("SecStaticCode: verification failed (trust result %d, error %d)", trustResult, (int)result);
                                MacOSError::throwMe(result);
                        }
                }

                if (mSigningTimestamp) {
                        CFIndex rootix = CFArrayGetCount(mCertChain);
                        if (SecCertificateRef mainRoot = SecCertificateRef(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(mCertChain, rootix-1)))
                                if (isAppleCA(mainRoot)) {
                                        // impose policy: if the signature itself draws to Apple, then so must the timestamp signature
                                        CFRef<CFArrayRef> tsCerts;
                                        OSStatus result = CMSDecoderCopySignerTimestampCertificates(cms, 0, &tsCerts.aref());
                                        if (result) {
                                                Security::Syslog::error("SecStaticCode: could not get timestamp certificates (error %d)", (int)result);
                                                MacOSError::check(result);
                                        }
                                        CFIndex tsn = CFArrayGetCount(tsCerts);
                                        bool good = tsn > 0 && isAppleCA(SecCertificateRef(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(tsCerts, tsn-1)));
                                        if (!good) {
                                                result = CSSMERR_TP_NOT_TRUSTED;
                                                Security::Syslog::error("SecStaticCode: timestamp policy verification failed (error %d)", (int)result);
                                                MacOSError::throwMe(result);
                                        }
                                }
                }

                return actionData.ActionFlags & CSSM_TP_ACTION_ALLOW_EXPIRED;
        }
}


//
// Return the TP policy used for signature verification.
// This may be a simple SecPolicyRef or a CFArray of policies.
// The caller owns the return value.
//
static SecPolicyRef makeRevocationPolicy(CFOptionFlags flags)
{
        CFRef<SecPolicyRef> policy(SecPolicyCreateRevocation(flags));
        return policy.yield();
}

CFArrayRef SecStaticCode::verificationPolicies()
{
        CFRef<SecPolicyRef> core;
        MacOSError::check(SecPolicyCopy(CSSM_CERT_X_509v3,
                        &CSSMOID_APPLE_TP_CODE_SIGNING, &core.aref()));
        if (mValidationFlags & kSecCSNoNetworkAccess) {
                // Skips all revocation since they require network connectivity
                // therefore annihilates kSecCSEnforceRevocationChecks if present
                CFRef<SecPolicyRef> no_revoc = makeRevocationPolicy(kSecRevocationNetworkAccessDisabled);
                return makeCFArray(2, core.get(), no_revoc.get());
        }
        else if (mValidationFlags & kSecCSEnforceRevocationChecks) {
        // Add CRL and OCSP policies
                CFRef<SecPolicyRef> revoc = makeRevocationPolicy(kSecRevocationUseAnyAvailableMethod);
                return makeCFArray(2, core.get(), revoc.get());
        } else {
                return makeCFArray(1, core.get());
        }
}


//
// Validate a particular sealed, cached resource against its (special) CodeDirectory slot.
// The resource must already have been placed in the cache.
// This does NOT perform basic validation.
//
void SecStaticCode::validateComponent(CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot, OSStatus fail /* = errSecCSSignatureFailed */)
{
        assert(slot <= cdSlotMax);
        CFDataRef data = mCache[slot];
        assert(data);           // must be cached
        if (data == CFDataRef(kCFNull)) {
                if (codeDirectory()->slotIsPresent(-slot)) // was supposed to be there...
                                MacOSError::throwMe(fail);      // ... and is missing
        } else {
                if (!codeDirectory()->validateSlot(CFDataGetBytePtr(data), CFDataGetLength(data), -slot))
                        MacOSError::throwMe(fail);
        }
}


//
// Perform static validation of the main executable.
// This reads the main executable from disk and validates it against the
// CodeDirectory code slot array.
// Note that this is NOT an in-memory validation, and is thus potentially
// subject to timing attacks.
//
void SecStaticCode::validateExecutable()
{
        if (!validatedExecutable()) {
                try {
                        DTRACK(CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_EXECUTABLE, this,
                                (char*)this->mainExecutablePath().c_str(), codeDirectory()->nCodeSlots);
                        const CodeDirectory *cd = this->codeDirectory();
                        if (!cd)
                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSUnsigned);
                        AutoFileDesc fd(mainExecutablePath(), O_RDONLY);
                        fd.fcntl(F_NOCACHE, true);              // turn off page caching (one-pass)
                        if (Universal *fat = mRep->mainExecutableImage())
                                fd.seek(fat->archOffset());
                        size_t pageSize = cd->pageSize ? (1 << cd->pageSize) : 0;
                        size_t remaining = cd->signingLimit();
                        for (uint32_t slot = 0; slot < cd->nCodeSlots; ++slot) {
                                size_t thisPage = remaining;
                                if (pageSize)
                                        thisPage = min(thisPage, pageSize);
                                __block bool good = true;
                                CodeDirectory::multipleHashFileData(fd, thisPage, hashAlgorithms(), ^(CodeDirectory::HashAlgorithm type, Security::DynamicHash *hasher) {
                                        const CodeDirectory* cd = (const CodeDirectory*)CFDataGetBytePtr(mCodeDirectories[type]);
                                        if (!hasher->verify((*cd)[slot]))
                                                good = false;
                                });
                                if (!good) {
                                        CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_EXECUTABLE_FAIL(this, (int)slot);
                                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureFailed);
                                }
                                remaining -= thisPage;
                        }
                        assert(remaining == 0);
                        mExecutableValidated = true;
                        mExecutableValidResult = errSecSuccess;
                } catch (const CommonError &err) {
                        mExecutableValidated = true;
                        mExecutableValidResult = err.osStatus();
                        throw;
                } catch (...) {
                        secinfo("staticCode", "%p executable validation threw non-common exception", this);
                        mExecutableValidated = true;
                        mExecutableValidResult = errSecCSInternalError;
                        Syslog::notice("code signing internal problem: unknown exception thrown by validation");
                        throw;
                }
        }
        assert(validatedExecutable());
        if (mExecutableValidResult != errSecSuccess)
                MacOSError::throwMe(mExecutableValidResult);
}


//
// Perform static validation of sealed resources and nested code.
//
// This performs a whole-code static resource scan and effectively
// computes a concordance between what's on disk and what's in the ResourceDirectory.
// Any unsanctioned difference causes an error.
//
unsigned SecStaticCode::estimateResourceWorkload()
{
        // workload estimate = number of sealed files
        CFDictionaryRef sealedResources = resourceDictionary();
        CFDictionaryRef files = cfget<CFDictionaryRef>(sealedResources, "files2");
        if (files == NULL)
                files = cfget<CFDictionaryRef>(sealedResources, "files");
        return files ? unsigned(CFDictionaryGetCount(files)) : 0;
}

void SecStaticCode::validateResources(SecCSFlags flags)
{
        // do we have a superset of this requested validation cached?
        bool doit = true;
        if (mResourcesValidated) {      // have cached outcome
                if (!(flags & kSecCSCheckNestedCode) || mResourcesDeep) // was deep or need no deep scan
                        doit = false;
        }

        if (doit) {
                if (mLimitedAsync == NULL) {
                        mLimitedAsync = new LimitedAsync(diskRep()->fd().mediumType() == kIOPropertyMediumTypeSolidStateKey);
                }

                try {
                        CFDictionaryRef rules;
                        CFDictionaryRef files;
                        uint32_t version;
                        if (!loadResources(rules, files, version))
                                return;         // validly no resources; nothing to do (ok)

                        // found resources, and they are sealed
                        DTRACK(CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_RESOURCES, this,
                                (char*)this->mainExecutablePath().c_str(), 0);

                        // scan through the resources on disk, checking each against the resourceDirectory
                        mResourcesValidContext = new CollectingContext(*this);          // collect all failures in here

                        // check for weak resource rules
                        bool strict = flags & kSecCSStrictValidate;
                        if (strict) {
                                if (hasWeakResourceRules(rules, version, mAllowOmissions))
                                        if (mTolerateErrors.find(errSecCSWeakResourceRules) == mTolerateErrors.end())
                                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSWeakResourceRules);
                                if (version == 1)
                                        if (mTolerateErrors.find(errSecCSWeakResourceEnvelope) == mTolerateErrors.end())
                                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSWeakResourceEnvelope);
                        }

                        Dispatch::Group group;
                        Dispatch::Group &groupRef = group;  // (into block)

                        // scan through the resources on disk, checking each against the resourceDirectory
                        __block CFRef<CFMutableDictionaryRef> resourceMap = makeCFMutableDictionary(files);
                        string base = cfString(this->resourceBase());
                        ResourceBuilder resources(base, base, rules, strict, mTolerateErrors);
                        this->mResourceScope = &resources;
                        diskRep()->adjustResources(resources);

                        resources.scan(^(FTSENT *ent, uint32_t ruleFlags, const string relpath, ResourceBuilder::Rule *rule) {
                                CFDictionaryRemoveValue(resourceMap, CFTempString(relpath));
                                bool isSymlink = (ent->fts_info == FTS_SL);

                                void (^validate)() = ^{
                                        validateResource(files, relpath, isSymlink, *mResourcesValidContext, flags, version);
                                        reportProgress();
                                };

                                mLimitedAsync->perform(groupRef, validate);
                        });
                        group.wait();   // wait until all async resources have been validated as well

                        unsigned leftovers = unsigned(CFDictionaryGetCount(resourceMap));
                        if (leftovers > 0) {
                                secinfo("staticCode", "%d sealed resource(s) not found in code", int(leftovers));
                                CFDictionaryApplyFunction(resourceMap, SecStaticCode::checkOptionalResource, mResourcesValidContext);
                        }

                        // now check for any errors found in the reporting context
                        mResourcesValidated = true;
                        mResourcesDeep = flags & kSecCSCheckNestedCode;
                        if (mResourcesValidContext->osStatus() != errSecSuccess)
                                mResourcesValidContext->throwMe();
                } catch (const CommonError &err) {
                        mResourcesValidated = true;
                        mResourcesDeep = flags & kSecCSCheckNestedCode;
                        mResourcesValidResult = err.osStatus();
                        throw;
                } catch (...) {
                        secinfo("staticCode", "%p executable validation threw non-common exception", this);
                        mResourcesValidated = true;
                        mResourcesDeep = flags & kSecCSCheckNestedCode;
                        mResourcesValidResult = errSecCSInternalError;
                        Syslog::notice("code signing internal problem: unknown exception thrown by validation");
                        throw;
                }
        }
        assert(validatedResources());
        if (mResourcesValidResult)
                MacOSError::throwMe(mResourcesValidResult);
        if (mResourcesValidContext->osStatus() != errSecSuccess)
                mResourcesValidContext->throwMe();
}


bool SecStaticCode::loadResources(CFDictionaryRef& rules, CFDictionaryRef& files, uint32_t& version)
{
        // sanity first
        CFDictionaryRef sealedResources = resourceDictionary();
        if (this->resourceBase()) {     // disk has resources
                if (sealedResources)
                        /* go to work below */;
                else
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSResourcesNotFound);
        } else {                                                        // disk has no resources
                if (sealedResources)
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSResourcesNotFound);
                else
                        return false;                                   // no resources, not sealed - fine (no work)
        }
        
        // use V2 resource seal if available, otherwise fall back to V1
        if (CFDictionaryGetValue(sealedResources, CFSTR("files2"))) {   // have V2 signature
                rules = cfget<CFDictionaryRef>(sealedResources, "rules2");
                files = cfget<CFDictionaryRef>(sealedResources, "files2");
                version = 2;
        } else {        // only V1 available
                rules = cfget<CFDictionaryRef>(sealedResources, "rules");
                files = cfget<CFDictionaryRef>(sealedResources, "files");
                version = 1;
        }
        if (!rules || !files)
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSResourcesInvalid);
        return true;
}
        

void SecStaticCode::checkOptionalResource(CFTypeRef key, CFTypeRef value, void *context)
{
        ValidationContext *ctx = static_cast<ValidationContext *>(context);
        ResourceSeal seal(value);
        if (!seal.optional()) {
                if (key && CFGetTypeID(key) == CFStringGetTypeID()) {
                        CFTempURL tempURL(CFStringRef(key), false, ctx->code.resourceBase());
                        if (!tempURL.get()) {
                                ctx->reportProblem(errSecCSBadDictionaryFormat, kSecCFErrorResourceSeal, key);
                        } else {
                                ctx->reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceMissing, tempURL);
                        }
                } else {
                        ctx->reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceSeal, key);
                }
        }
}


static bool isOmitRule(CFTypeRef value)
{
        if (CFGetTypeID(value) == CFBooleanGetTypeID())
                return value == kCFBooleanFalse;
        CFDictionary rule(value, errSecCSResourceRulesInvalid);
        return rule.get<CFBooleanRef>("omit") == kCFBooleanTrue;
}

bool SecStaticCode::hasWeakResourceRules(CFDictionaryRef rulesDict, uint32_t version, CFArrayRef allowedOmissions)
{
        // compute allowed omissions
        CFRef<CFArrayRef> defaultOmissions = this->diskRep()->allowedResourceOmissions();
        if (!defaultOmissions) {
                Syslog::notice("code signing internal problem: diskRep returned no allowedResourceOmissions");
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSInternalError);
        }
        CFRef<CFMutableArrayRef> allowed = CFArrayCreateMutableCopy(NULL, 0, defaultOmissions);
        if (allowedOmissions)
                CFArrayAppendArray(allowed, allowedOmissions, CFRangeMake(0, CFArrayGetCount(allowedOmissions)));
        CFRange range = CFRangeMake(0, CFArrayGetCount(allowed));

        // check all resource rules for weakness
        string catchAllRule = (version == 1) ? "^Resources/" : "^.*";
        __block bool coversAll = false;
        __block bool forbiddenOmission = false;
        CFArrayRef allowedRef = allowed.get();  // (into block)
        CFDictionary rules(rulesDict, errSecCSResourceRulesInvalid);
        rules.apply(^(CFStringRef key, CFTypeRef value) {
                string pattern = cfString(key, errSecCSResourceRulesInvalid);
                if (pattern == catchAllRule && value == kCFBooleanTrue) {
                        coversAll = true;
                        return;
                }
                if (isOmitRule(value))
                        forbiddenOmission |= !CFArrayContainsValue(allowedRef, range, key);
        });

        return !coversAll || forbiddenOmission;
}


//
// Load, validate, cache, and return CFDictionary forms of sealed resources.
//
CFDictionaryRef SecStaticCode::infoDictionary()
{
        if (!mInfoDict) {
                mInfoDict.take(getDictionary(cdInfoSlot, errSecCSInfoPlistFailed));
                secinfo("staticCode", "%p loaded InfoDict %p", this, mInfoDict.get());
        }
        return mInfoDict;
}

CFDictionaryRef SecStaticCode::entitlements()
{
        if (!mEntitlements) {
                validateDirectory();
                if (CFDataRef entitlementData = component(cdEntitlementSlot)) {
                        validateComponent(cdEntitlementSlot);
                        const EntitlementBlob *blob = reinterpret_cast<const EntitlementBlob *>(CFDataGetBytePtr(entitlementData));
                        if (blob->validateBlob()) {
                                mEntitlements.take(blob->entitlements());
                                secinfo("staticCode", "%p loaded Entitlements %p", this, mEntitlements.get());
                        }
                        // we do not consider a different blob type to be an error. We think it's a new format we don't understand
                }
        }
        return mEntitlements;
}

CFDictionaryRef SecStaticCode::resourceDictionary(bool check /* = true */)
{
        if (mResourceDict)      // cached
                return mResourceDict;
        if (CFRef<CFDictionaryRef> dict = getDictionary(cdResourceDirSlot, check))
                if (cfscan(dict, "{rules=%Dn,files=%Dn}")) {
                        secinfo("staticCode", "%p loaded ResourceDict %p",
                                this, mResourceDict.get());
                        return mResourceDict = dict;
                }
        // bad format
        return NULL;
}
        
        
CFDataRef SecStaticCode::copyComponent(CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot, CFDataRef hash)
{
        const CodeDirectory* cd = this->codeDirectory();
        if (CFCopyRef<CFDataRef> component = this->component(slot)) {
                if (hash) {
                        const void *slotHash = (*cd)[slot];
                        if (cd->hashSize != CFDataGetLength(hash) || 0 != memcmp(slotHash, CFDataGetBytePtr(hash), cd->hashSize)) {
                                Syslog::notice("copyComponent hash mismatch slot %d length %d", slot, int(CFDataGetLength(hash)));
                                return NULL;    // mismatch
                        }
                }
                return component.yield();
        }
        return NULL;
}



//
// Load and cache the resource directory base.
// Note that the base is optional for each DiskRep.
//
CFURLRef SecStaticCode::resourceBase()
{
        if (!mGotResourceBase) {
                string base = mRep->resourcesRootPath();
                if (!base.empty())
                        mResourceBase.take(makeCFURL(base, true));
                mGotResourceBase = true;
        }
        return mResourceBase;
}


//
// Load a component, validate it, convert it to a CFDictionary, and return that.
// This will force load and validation, which means that it will perform basic
// validation if it hasn't been done yet.
//
CFDictionaryRef SecStaticCode::getDictionary(CodeDirectory::SpecialSlot slot, bool check /* = true */)
{
        if (check)
                validateDirectory();
        if (CFDataRef infoData = component(slot)) {
                validateComponent(slot);
                if (CFDictionaryRef dict = makeCFDictionaryFrom(infoData))
                        return dict;
                else
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSBadDictionaryFormat);
        }
        return NULL;
}

//
//
//
CFDictionaryRef SecStaticCode::diskRepInformation()
{
        return mRep->diskRepInformation();
}


void SecStaticCode::validateResource(CFDictionaryRef files, string path, bool isSymlink, ValidationContext &ctx, SecCSFlags flags, uint32_t version)
{
        if (!resourceBase())    // no resources in DiskRep
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSResourcesNotFound);
        CFRef<CFURLRef> fullpath = makeCFURL(path, false, resourceBase());
        if (version > 1 && ((flags & (kSecCSStrictValidate|kSecCSRestrictSidebandData)) == (kSecCSStrictValidate|kSecCSRestrictSidebandData))) {
                AutoFileDesc fd(cfString(fullpath));
                if (fd.hasExtendedAttribute(XATTR_RESOURCEFORK_NAME) || fd.hasExtendedAttribute(XATTR_FINDERINFO_NAME))
                        ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSInvalidAssociatedFileData, kSecCFErrorResourceSideband, fullpath);
        }
        if (CFTypeRef file = CFDictionaryGetValue(files, CFTempString(path))) {
                ResourceSeal seal(file);
                const ResourceSeal& rseal = seal;
                if (seal.nested()) {
                        if (isSymlink)
                                return ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, fullpath); // changed type
                        string suffix = ".framework";
                        bool isFramework = (path.length() > suffix.length())
                                && (path.compare(path.length()-suffix.length(), suffix.length(), suffix) == 0);
                        validateNestedCode(fullpath, seal, flags, isFramework);
                } else if (seal.link()) {
                        if (!isSymlink)
                                return ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, fullpath); // changed type
                        validateSymlinkResource(cfString(fullpath), cfString(seal.link()), ctx, flags);
                } else if (seal.hash(hashAlgorithm())) {        // genuine file
                        if (isSymlink)
                                return ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, fullpath); // changed type
                        AutoFileDesc fd(cfString(fullpath), O_RDONLY, FileDesc::modeMissingOk); // open optional file
                        if (fd) {
                                __block bool good = true;
                                CodeDirectory::multipleHashFileData(fd, 0, hashAlgorithms(), ^(CodeDirectory::HashAlgorithm type, Security::DynamicHash *hasher) {
                                        if (!hasher->verify(rseal.hash(type)))
                                                good = false;
                                });
                                if (!good)
                                        ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, fullpath); // altered
                        } else {
                                if (!seal.optional())
                                        ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceMissing, fullpath); // was sealed but is now missing
                                else
                                        return;                 // validly missing
                        }
                } else
                        ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, fullpath); // changed type
                return;
        }
        if (version == 1) {             // version 1 ignores symlinks altogether
                char target[PATH_MAX];
                if (::readlink(cfString(fullpath).c_str(), target, sizeof(target)) > 0)
                        return;
        }
        ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceAdded, CFTempURL(path, false, resourceBase()));
}

void SecStaticCode::validatePlainMemoryResource(string path, CFDataRef fileData, SecCSFlags flags)
{
        CFDictionaryRef rules;
        CFDictionaryRef files;
        uint32_t version;
        if (!loadResources(rules, files, version))
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSResourcesNotFound);         // no resources sealed; this can't be right
        if (CFTypeRef file = CFDictionaryGetValue(files, CFTempString(path))) {
                ResourceSeal seal(file);
                const Byte *sealHash = seal.hash(hashAlgorithm());
                if (sealHash) {
                        if (codeDirectory()->verifyMemoryContent(fileData, sealHash))
                                return;         // success
                }
        }
        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSBadResource);
}
        
void SecStaticCode::validateSymlinkResource(std::string fullpath, std::string seal, ValidationContext &ctx, SecCSFlags flags)
{
        static const char* const allowedDestinations[] = {
                "/System/",
                "/Library/",
                NULL
        };
        char target[PATH_MAX];
        ssize_t len = ::readlink(fullpath.c_str(), target, sizeof(target)-1);
        if (len < 0)
                UnixError::check(-1);
        target[len] = '\0';
        std::string fulltarget = target;
        if (target[0] != '/') {
                size_t lastSlash = fullpath.rfind('/');
                fulltarget = fullpath.substr(0, lastSlash) + '/' + target;
        }
        if (seal != target) {
                ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSBadResource, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, CFTempString(fullpath));
                return;
        }
        if ((mValidationFlags & (kSecCSStrictValidate|kSecCSRestrictSymlinks)) == (kSecCSStrictValidate|kSecCSRestrictSymlinks)) {
                char resolved[PATH_MAX];
                if (realpath(fulltarget.c_str(), resolved)) {
                        assert(resolved[0] == '/');
                        size_t rlen = strlen(resolved);
                        if (target[0] == '/') {
                                // absolute symlink; only allow absolute links to system locations
                                for (const char* const* pathp = allowedDestinations; *pathp; pathp++) {
                                        size_t dlen = strlen(*pathp);
                                        if (rlen > dlen && strncmp(resolved, *pathp, dlen) == 0)
                                        return;         // target inside /System, deemed okay
                                }
                        } else {
                                // everything else must be inside the bundle(s)
                                for (const SecStaticCode* code = this; code; code = code->mOuterScope) {
                                        string root = code->mResourceScope->root();
                                        if (strncmp(resolved, root.c_str(), root.size()) == 0) {
                                                if (code->mResourceScope->includes(resolved + root.length() + 1))
                                                        return;         // located in resource stack && included in envelope
                                                else
                                                        break;          // located but excluded from envelope (deny)
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                // if we fell through, flag a symlink error
                if (mTolerateErrors.find(errSecCSInvalidSymlink) == mTolerateErrors.end())
                        ctx.reportProblem(errSecCSInvalidSymlink, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, CFTempString(fullpath));
        }
}

void SecStaticCode::validateNestedCode(CFURLRef path, const ResourceSeal &seal, SecCSFlags flags, bool isFramework)
{
        CFRef<SecRequirementRef> req;
        if (SecRequirementCreateWithString(seal.requirement(), kSecCSDefaultFlags, &req.aref()))
                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSResourcesInvalid);

        // recursively verify this nested code
        try {
                if (!(flags & kSecCSCheckNestedCode))
                        flags |= kSecCSBasicValidateOnly | kSecCSQuickCheck;
                SecPointer<SecStaticCode> code = new SecStaticCode(DiskRep::bestGuess(cfString(path)));
                code->initializeFromParent(*this);
                code->staticValidate(flags & ~kSecCSRestrictToAppLike, SecRequirement::required(req));

                if (isFramework && (flags & kSecCSStrictValidate))
                        try {
                                validateOtherVersions(path, flags, req, code);
                        } catch (const CSError &err) {
                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSBadFrameworkVersion);
                        } catch (const MacOSError &err) {
                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSBadFrameworkVersion);
                        }

        } catch (CSError &err) {
                if (err.error == errSecCSReqFailed) {
                        mResourcesValidContext->reportProblem(errSecCSBadNestedCode, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, path);
                        return;
                }
                err.augment(kSecCFErrorPath, path);
                throw;
        } catch (const MacOSError &err) {
                if (err.error == errSecCSReqFailed) {
                        mResourcesValidContext->reportProblem(errSecCSBadNestedCode, kSecCFErrorResourceAltered, path);
                        return;
                }
                CSError::throwMe(err.error, kSecCFErrorPath, path);
        }
}

void SecStaticCode::validateOtherVersions(CFURLRef path, SecCSFlags flags, SecRequirementRef req, SecStaticCode *code)
{
        // Find out what current points to and do not revalidate
        std::string mainPath = cfStringRelease(code->diskRep()->copyCanonicalPath());

        char main_path[PATH_MAX];
        bool foundTarget = false;

        /* If it failed to get the target of the symlink, do not fail. It is a performance loss,
         not a security hole */
        if (realpath(mainPath.c_str(), main_path) != NULL)
                foundTarget = true;

        std::ostringstream versionsPath;
        versionsPath << cfString(path) << "/Versions/";

        DirScanner scanner(versionsPath.str());

        if (scanner.initialized()) {
                struct dirent *entry = NULL;
                while ((entry = scanner.getNext()) != NULL) {
                        std::ostringstream fullPath;

                        if (entry->d_type != DT_DIR || strcmp(entry->d_name, "Current") == 0)
                                continue;

                        fullPath << versionsPath.str() << entry->d_name;

                        char real_full_path[PATH_MAX];
                        if (realpath(fullPath.str().c_str(), real_full_path) == NULL)
                                UnixError::check(-1);

                        // Do case insensitive comparions because realpath() was called for both paths
                        if (foundTarget && strcmp(main_path, real_full_path) == 0)
                                continue;

                        SecPointer<SecStaticCode> frameworkVersion = new SecStaticCode(DiskRep::bestGuess(real_full_path));
                        frameworkVersion->initializeFromParent(*this);
                        frameworkVersion->staticValidate(flags, SecRequirement::required(req));
                }
        }
}


//
// Test a CodeDirectory flag.
// Returns false if there is no CodeDirectory.
// May throw if the CodeDirectory is present but somehow invalid.
//
bool SecStaticCode::flag(uint32_t tested)
{
        if (const CodeDirectory *cd = this->codeDirectory(false))
                return cd->flags & tested;
        else
                return false;
}


//
// Retrieve the full SuperBlob containing all internal requirements.
//
const Requirements *SecStaticCode::internalRequirements()
{
        if (CFDataRef reqData = component(cdRequirementsSlot)) {
                const Requirements *req = (const Requirements *)CFDataGetBytePtr(reqData);
                if (!req->validateBlob())
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSReqInvalid);
                return req;
        } else
                return NULL;
}


//
// Retrieve a particular internal requirement by type.
//
const Requirement *SecStaticCode::internalRequirement(SecRequirementType type)
{
        if (const Requirements *reqs = internalRequirements())
                return reqs->find<Requirement>(type);
        else
                return NULL;
}


//
// Return the Designated Requirement (DR). This can be either explicit in the
// Internal Requirements component, or implicitly generated on demand here.
// Note that an explicit DR may have been implicitly generated at signing time;
// we don't distinguish this case.
//
const Requirement *SecStaticCode::designatedRequirement()
{
        if (const Requirement *req = internalRequirement(kSecDesignatedRequirementType)) {
                return req;             // explicit in signing data
        } else {
                if (!mDesignatedReq)
                        mDesignatedReq = defaultDesignatedRequirement();
                return mDesignatedReq;
        }
}


//
// Generate the default Designated Requirement (DR) for this StaticCode.
// Ignore any explicit DR it may contain.
//
const Requirement *SecStaticCode::defaultDesignatedRequirement()
{
        if (flag(kSecCodeSignatureAdhoc)) {
                // adhoc signature: return a cdhash requirement for all architectures
                __block Requirement::Maker maker;
                Requirement::Maker::Chain chain(maker, opOr);

                // insert cdhash requirement for all architectures
                __block CFRef<CFMutableArrayRef> allHashes = CFArrayCreateMutableCopy(NULL, 0, this->cdHashes());
                handleOtherArchitectures(^(SecStaticCode *other) {
                        CFArrayRef hashes = other->cdHashes();
                        CFArrayAppendArray(allHashes, hashes, CFRangeMake(0, CFArrayGetCount(hashes)));
                });
                CFIndex count = CFArrayGetCount(allHashes);
                for (CFIndex n = 0; n < count; ++n) {
                        chain.add();
                        maker.cdhash(CFDataRef(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(allHashes, n)));
                }
                return maker.make();
        } else {
                // full signature: Gin up full context and let DRMaker do its thing
                validateDirectory();            // need the cert chain
                Requirement::Context context(this->certificates(),
                        this->infoDictionary(),
                        this->entitlements(),
                        this->identifier(),
                        this->codeDirectory()
                );
                return DRMaker(context).make();
        }
}


//
// Validate a SecStaticCode against the internal requirement of a particular type.
//
void SecStaticCode::validateRequirements(SecRequirementType type, SecStaticCode *target,
        OSStatus nullError /* = errSecSuccess */)
{
        DTRACK(CODESIGN_EVAL_STATIC_INTREQ, this, type, target, nullError);
        if (const Requirement *req = internalRequirement(type))
                target->validateRequirement(req, nullError ? nullError : errSecCSReqFailed);
        else if (nullError)
                MacOSError::throwMe(nullError);
        else
                /* accept it */;
}

//
// Validate this StaticCode against an external Requirement
//
bool SecStaticCode::satisfiesRequirement(const Requirement *req, OSStatus failure)
{
        bool result = false;
        assert(req);
        validateDirectory();
        result = req->validates(Requirement::Context(mCertChain, infoDictionary(), entitlements(), codeDirectory()->identifier(), codeDirectory()), failure);
        return result;
}

void SecStaticCode::validateRequirement(const Requirement *req, OSStatus failure)
{
        if (!this->satisfiesRequirement(req, failure))
                MacOSError::throwMe(failure);
}

//
// Retrieve one certificate from the cert chain.
// Positive and negative indices can be used:
//    [ leaf, intermed-1, ..., intermed-n, anchor ]
//        0       1       ...     -2         -1
// Returns NULL if unavailable for any reason.
//
SecCertificateRef SecStaticCode::cert(int ix)
{
        validateDirectory();            // need cert chain
        if (mCertChain) {
                CFIndex length = CFArrayGetCount(mCertChain);
                if (ix < 0)
                        ix += length;
                if (ix >= 0 && ix < length)
                        return SecCertificateRef(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(mCertChain, ix));
        }
        return NULL;
}

CFArrayRef SecStaticCode::certificates()
{
        validateDirectory();            // need cert chain
        return mCertChain;
}


//
// Gather (mostly) API-official information about this StaticCode.
//
// This method lives in the twilight between the API and internal layers,
// since it generates API objects (Sec*Refs) for return.
//
CFDictionaryRef SecStaticCode::signingInformation(SecCSFlags flags)
{
        //
        // Start with the pieces that we return even for unsigned code.
        // This makes Sec[Static]CodeRefs useful as API-level replacements
        // of our internal OSXCode objects.
        //
        CFRef<CFMutableDictionaryRef> dict = makeCFMutableDictionary(1,
                kSecCodeInfoMainExecutable, CFTempURL(this->mainExecutablePath()).get()
        );

        //
        // If we're not signed, this is all you get
        //
        if (!this->isSigned())
                return dict.yield();

        //
        // Add the generic attributes that we always include
        //
        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoIdentifier, CFTempString(this->identifier()));
        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoFlags, CFTempNumber(this->codeDirectory(false)->flags.get()));
        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoFormat, CFTempString(this->format()));
        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoSource, CFTempString(this->signatureSource()));
        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoUnique, this->cdHash());
        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoCdHashes, this->cdHashes());
        const CodeDirectory* cd = this->codeDirectory(false);
        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoDigestAlgorithm, CFTempNumber(cd->hashType));
        CFRef<CFArrayRef> digests = makeCFArrayFrom(^CFTypeRef(CodeDirectory::HashAlgorithm type) { return CFTempNumber(type); }, hashAlgorithms());
        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoDigestAlgorithms, digests);
        if (cd->platform)
                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoPlatformIdentifier, CFTempNumber(cd->platform));

        //
        // Deliver any Info.plist only if it looks intact
        //
        try {
                if (CFDictionaryRef info = this->infoDictionary())
                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoPList, info);
        } catch (...) { }               // don't deliver Info.plist if questionable

        //
        // kSecCSSigningInformation adds information about signing certificates and chains
        //
        if (flags & kSecCSSigningInformation)
                try {
                        if (CFDataRef sig = this->signature())
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoCMS, sig);
                        if (const char *teamID = this->teamID())
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoTeamIdentifier, CFTempString(teamID));
                        if (mTrust)
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoTrust, mTrust);
                        if (CFArrayRef certs = this->certificates())
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoCertificates, certs);
                        if (CFAbsoluteTime time = this->signingTime())
                                if (CFRef<CFDateRef> date = CFDateCreate(NULL, time))
                                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoTime, date);
                        if (CFAbsoluteTime time = this->signingTimestamp())
                                if (CFRef<CFDateRef> date = CFDateCreate(NULL, time))
                                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoTimestamp, date);
                } catch (...) { }

        //
        // kSecCSRequirementInformation adds information on requirements
        //
        if (flags & kSecCSRequirementInformation)
                try {
                        if (const Requirements *reqs = this->internalRequirements()) {
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoRequirements,
                                        CFTempString(Dumper::dump(reqs)));
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoRequirementData, CFTempData(*reqs));
                        }

                        const Requirement *dreq = this->designatedRequirement();
                        CFRef<SecRequirementRef> dreqRef = (new SecRequirement(dreq))->handle();
                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoDesignatedRequirement, dreqRef);
                        if (this->internalRequirement(kSecDesignatedRequirementType)) { // explicit
                                CFRef<SecRequirementRef> ddreqRef = (new SecRequirement(this->defaultDesignatedRequirement(), true))->handle();
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoImplicitDesignatedRequirement, ddreqRef);
                        } else {        // implicit
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoImplicitDesignatedRequirement, dreqRef);
                        }
                } catch (...) { }

                try {
                   if (CFDataRef ent = this->component(cdEntitlementSlot)) {
                           CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoEntitlements, ent);
                           if (CFDictionaryRef entdict = this->entitlements())
                                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoEntitlementsDict, entdict);
                        }
                } catch (...) { }

        //
        // kSecCSInternalInformation adds internal information meant to be for Apple internal
        // use (SPI), and not guaranteed to be stable. Primarily, this is data we want
        // to reliably transmit through the API wall so that code outside the Security.framework
        // can use it without having to play nasty tricks to get it.
        //
        if (flags & kSecCSInternalInformation) {
                try {
                        if (mDir)
                                CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoCodeDirectory, mDir);
                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoCodeOffset, CFTempNumber(mRep->signingBase()));
                if (CFRef<CFDictionaryRef> rdict = getDictionary(cdResourceDirSlot, false))     // suppress validation
                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoResourceDirectory, rdict);
                if (CFRef<CFDictionaryRef> ddict = diskRepInformation())
                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoDiskRepInfo, ddict);
                } catch (...) { }
        }


        //
        // kSecCSContentInformation adds more information about the physical layout
        // of the signed code. This is (only) useful for packaging or patching-oriented
        // applications.
        //
        if (flags & kSecCSContentInformation)
                if (CFRef<CFArrayRef> files = mRep->modifiedFiles())
                        CFDictionaryAddValue(dict, kSecCodeInfoChangedFiles, files);

        return dict.yield();
}


//
// Resource validation contexts.
// The default context simply throws a CSError, rudely terminating the operation.
//
SecStaticCode::ValidationContext::~ValidationContext()
{ /* virtual */ }

void SecStaticCode::ValidationContext::reportProblem(OSStatus rc, CFStringRef type, CFTypeRef value)
{
        CSError::throwMe(rc, type, value);
}

void SecStaticCode::CollectingContext::reportProblem(OSStatus rc, CFStringRef type, CFTypeRef value)
{
        StLock<Mutex> _(mLock);
        if (mStatus == errSecSuccess)
                mStatus = rc;                   // record first failure for eventual error return
        if (type) {
                if (!mCollection)
                        mCollection.take(makeCFMutableDictionary());
                CFMutableArrayRef element = CFMutableArrayRef(CFDictionaryGetValue(mCollection, type));
                if (!element) {
                        element = makeCFMutableArray(0);
                        if (!element)
                                CFError::throwMe();
                        CFDictionaryAddValue(mCollection, type, element);
                        CFRelease(element);
                }
                CFArrayAppendValue(element, value);
        }
}

void SecStaticCode::CollectingContext::throwMe()
{
        assert(mStatus != errSecSuccess);
        throw CSError(mStatus, mCollection.retain());
}


//
// Master validation driver.
// This is the static validation (only) driver for the API.
//
// SecStaticCode exposes an a la carte menu of topical validators applying
// to a given object. The static validation API pulls them together reliably,
// but it also adds three matrix dimensions: architecture (for "fat" Mach-O binaries),
// nested code, and multiple digests. This function will crawl a suitable cross-section of this
// validation matrix based on which options it is given, creating temporary
// SecStaticCode objects on the fly to complete the task.
// (The point, of course, is to do as little duplicate work as possible.)
//
void SecStaticCode::staticValidate(SecCSFlags flags, const SecRequirement *req)
{
        setValidationFlags(flags);

        // initialize progress/cancellation state
        if (flags & kSecCSReportProgress)
                prepareProgress(estimateResourceWorkload() + 2);        // +1 head, +1 tail

        // core components: once per architecture (if any)
        this->staticValidateCore(flags, req);
        if (flags & kSecCSCheckAllArchitectures)
                handleOtherArchitectures(^(SecStaticCode* subcode) {
                        if (flags & kSecCSCheckGatekeeperArchitectures) {
                                Universal *fat = subcode->diskRep()->mainExecutableImage();
                                assert(fat && fat->narrowed()); // handleOtherArchitectures gave us a focused architecture slice
                                Architecture arch = fat->bestNativeArch();      // actually, the ONLY one
                                if ((arch.cpuType() & ~CPU_ARCH_MASK) == CPU_TYPE_POWERPC)
                                        return; // irrelevant to Gatekeeper
                        }
                        subcode->detachedSignature(this->mDetachedSig); // carry over explicit (but not implicit) detached signature
                        subcode->staticValidateCore(flags, req);
                });
        reportProgress();

        // allow monitor intervention in source validation phase
        reportEvent(CFSTR("prepared"), NULL);

        // resources: once for all architectures
        if (!(flags & kSecCSDoNotValidateResources))
                this->validateResources(flags);

        // perform strict validation if desired
        if (flags & kSecCSStrictValidate)
                mRep->strictValidate(codeDirectory(), mTolerateErrors, mValidationFlags);
        reportProgress();

        // allow monitor intervention
        if (CFRef<CFTypeRef> veto = reportEvent(CFSTR("validated"), NULL)) {
                if (CFGetTypeID(veto) == CFNumberGetTypeID())
                        MacOSError::throwMe(cfNumber<OSStatus>(veto.as<CFNumberRef>()));
                else
                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSBadCallbackValue);
        }
}

void SecStaticCode::staticValidateCore(SecCSFlags flags, const SecRequirement *req)
{
        try {
                this->validateNonResourceComponents();  // also validates the CodeDirectory
                this->validateTopDirectory();
                if (!(flags & kSecCSDoNotValidateExecutable))
                        this->validateExecutable();
                if (req)
                        this->validateRequirement(req->requirement(), errSecCSReqFailed);
    } catch (CSError &err) {
        if (Universal *fat = this->diskRep()->mainExecutableImage())    // Mach-O
            if (MachO *mach = fat->architecture()) {
                err.augment(kSecCFErrorArchitecture, CFTempString(mach->architecture().displayName()));
                delete mach;
            }
        throw;
    } catch (const MacOSError &err) {
        // add architecture information if we can get it
        if (Universal *fat = this->diskRep()->mainExecutableImage())
            if (MachO *mach = fat->architecture()) {
                CFTempString arch(mach->architecture().displayName());
                delete mach;
                CSError::throwMe(err.error, kSecCFErrorArchitecture, arch);
            }
        throw;
    }
}


//
// A helper that generates SecStaticCode objects for all but the primary architecture
// of a fat binary and calls a block on them.
// If there's only one architecture (or this is an architecture-agnostic code),
// nothing happens quickly.
//
void SecStaticCode::handleOtherArchitectures(void (^handle)(SecStaticCode* other))
{
        if (Universal *fat = this->diskRep()->mainExecutableImage()) {
                Universal::Architectures architectures;
                fat->architectures(architectures);
                if (architectures.size() > 1) {
                        DiskRep::Context ctx;
                        size_t activeOffset = fat->archOffset();
                        for (Universal::Architectures::const_iterator arch = architectures.begin(); arch != architectures.end(); ++arch) {
                                ctx.offset = fat->archOffset(*arch);
                                if (ctx.offset > SIZE_MAX)
                                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSBadObjectFormat);
                                ctx.size = fat->lengthOfSlice((size_t)ctx.offset);
                                if (ctx.offset != activeOffset) {       // inactive architecture; check it
                                        SecPointer<SecStaticCode> subcode = new SecStaticCode(DiskRep::bestGuess(this->mainExecutablePath(), &ctx));
                                        subcode->detachedSignature(this->mDetachedSig); // carry over explicit (but not implicit) detached signature
                                        if (this->teamID() == NULL || subcode->teamID() == NULL) {
                                                if (this->teamID() != subcode->teamID())
                                                        MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureInvalid);
                                        } else if (strcmp(this->teamID(), subcode->teamID()) != 0)
                                                MacOSError::throwMe(errSecCSSignatureInvalid);
                                        handle(subcode);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
}

//
// A method that takes a certificate chain (certs) and evaluates
// if it is a Mac or IPhone developer cert, an app store distribution cert,
// or a developer ID
//
bool SecStaticCode::isAppleDeveloperCert(CFArrayRef certs)
{
        static const std::string appleDeveloperRequirement = "(" + std::string(WWDRRequirement) + ") or (" + MACWWDRRequirement + ") or (" + developerID + ") or (" + distributionCertificate + ") or (" + iPhoneDistributionCert + ")";
        SecPointer<SecRequirement> req = new SecRequirement(parseRequirement(appleDeveloperRequirement), true);
        Requirement::Context ctx(certs, NULL, NULL, "", NULL);

        return req->requirement()->validates(ctx);
}

} // end namespace CodeSigning
} // end namespace Security