icuSources/data/translit/my_my_FONIPA.txt

   1 # © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
   2 # License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html#License
   3 #
   4 # File: my_my_FONIPA.txt
   5 # Generated from CLDR
   6 #
   7
   8 # Pronunciation rules for Burmese.
   9 #
  10 # The following rules are lexical and heuristic: lexical in the sense
  11 # that they generate phoneme strings which may further undergo
  12 # post-lexical phonological processes, in particular voicing, to
  13 # result in actual surface forms; heuristic in the sense that they try
  14 # to resolve ambiguities, especially around reduced vowels, in a
  15 # systematic way that may be incorrect in many situations. Vowel
  16 # reduction depends on many factors, such as morphemic structure,
  17 # which are not available here.
  18 #
  19 # Definitions
  20 #
  21 # Dependent vowel signs
  22 $vs_AA = \u102B;
  23 $vs_aa = \u102C;
  24 $vs_i = \u102D;
  25 $vs_ii = \u102E;
  26 $vs_u = \u102F;
  27 $vs_uu = \u1030;
  28 $vs_e = \u1031;
  29 $vs_ai = \u1032;
  30 # Various signs
  31 $anusvara = \u1036;
  32 $visarga = \u1038;
  33 $virama = \u1039;
  34 $asat = \u103A;
  35 # Dependent (medial) consonant signs
  36 $med_y = \u103B;
  37 $med_r = \u103C;
  38 $med_w = \u103D;
  39 $med_h = \u103E;
  40 # Independent letters and letter-like punctuation symbols
  41 $independent = [\u1000-\u102A \u103F \u104C-\u104F \u1050-\u1055];
  42 $creaky = \u0330;
  43 $high = \u0301;
  44 $low = \u0300;
  45 $coda = [$creaky $high $low ɴ ʔ ə];  # TODO: remove if unused
  46 #
  47 # Preprocessing
  48 #
  49 ::NFC;
  50 # Replace U+102B TALL AA with U+102C AA. Their pronunciation is identical.
  51 $vs_AA → $vs_aa;
  52 # Unstack kinzi (င\u103A plus U+1039 VIRAMA) into plain င\u103A.
  53 # Hmm, what would happen if the syllable ending in kinzi had non-low tone?
  54 င\u103A $virama → င\u103A;
  55 # Unstack everything else, i.e. replace U+1039 VIRAMA with U+103A ASAT.
  56 $virama → $asat;
  57 # Unstack U+103F GREAT SA.
  58 ဿ → သ\u103Aသ;
  59 # Insert a syllable boundary marker /./ before every independent letter.
  60 ::Null;
  61 [^.$] { } $independent ([\u1037\u103B-\u103E])* [^\u103A] → \.;
  62 # Insert default inherent vowel: /a\u0330/ at the end, /ə/ everywhere else.
  63 ::Null;
  64 ([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } [$] → $1 a $creaky;
  65 ([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } \.  → $1 ə;
  66 # Allow for additional coda consonants.
  67 #
  68 # This only covers a few of the cases in which full coda consonants
  69 # can appear in loanwords. The general situation is somewhat rare and
  70 # is more easily dealt with in a formalism that can impose structural
  71 # constraints on syllables more easily.
  72 ::Null;
  73 $asat ($visarga)? [\u1000-\u102A] { $asat → ;
  74 # Deal with ၎င\u103Aး early.
  75 ၎င\u103Aး → lə\.ɡa $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
  76 #
  77 # Rhymes
  78 #
  79 ::Null;
  80 က\u103A → ɛʔ;
  81 ဂ\u103A → ɛʔ;  # in မဂ\u1039ဂဇင\u103Aး ~ မဂ\u103Aဂဇင\u103Aး /mɛʔ.ɡə.zɪ\u0301ɴ/
  82 င\u1037\u103A → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
  83 င\u103Aး → ɪ $high ɴ;
  84 င\u103A → ɪ $low ɴ;
  85 စ\u103A → ɪʔ;  # maybe sometimes /eɪ\u032Fʔ/
  86 ဉ\u1037\u103A → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
  87 ဉ\u103Aး → ɪ $high ɴ;
  88 ဉ\u103A → ɪ $low ɴ;
  89 ည\u1037\u103A → ɛ $creaky;
  90 ည\u103Aး → ɛ $high;
  91 ည\u103A → ɛ $low;
  92 ဏ\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
  93 ဏ\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
  94 ဏ\u103A → a $low ɴ;
  95 တ\u103A → aʔ;
  96 န\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
  97 န\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
  98 န\u103A → a $low ɴ;
  99 ပ\u103A → aʔ;
 100 မ\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
 101 မ\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
 102 မ\u103A → a $low ɴ;
 103 ယ\u1037\u103A → ɛ $creaky;
 104 ယ\u103Aး → ɛ $high;
 105 ယ\u103A → ɛ $low;
 106 သ\u103A → aʔ;
 107 $vs_aa ဉ\u1037\u103A → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
 108 $vs_aa ဉ\u103Aး → ɪ $high ɴ;
 109 $vs_aa ဉ\u103A → ɪ $low ɴ;
 110 $vs_aa တ\u103A → aʔ;
 111 $vs_aa ဏ\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
 112 $vs_aa ဏ\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
 113 $vs_aa ဏ\u103A → a $low ɴ;
 114 $vs_aa န\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
 115 $vs_aa န\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
 116 $vs_aa န\u103A → a $low ɴ;
 117 $vs_aa ပ\u103A → aʔ;  # in ကလာပ\u103Aစည\u103Aး /kə.laʔ.sɛ\u0301/ (club cell)
 118 $vs_aa ယ\u1037\u103A → ɛ $creaky;
 119 $vs_aa ယ\u103Aး → ɛ $high;
 120 $vs_aa ယ\u103A → ɛ $low;
 121 $vs_aa \u1037 → a $creaky;  # redundant creaky tone
 122 $vs_aa း → a $high;
 123 $vs_aa → a $low;
 124 $vs_i က\u103A → eɪ\u032Fʔ;
 125 $vs_i စ\u103A → eɪ\u032Fʔ;
 126 $vs_i တ\u103A → eɪ\u032Fʔ;
 127 $vs_i န\u1037\u103A → e $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 128 $vs_i န\u103Aး → e $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 129 $vs_i န\u103A → e $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 130 $vs_i ပ\u103A → eɪ\u032Fʔ;
 131 $vs_i မ\u1037\u103A → e $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 132 $vs_i မ\u103Aး → e $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 133 $vs_i မ\u103A → e $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 134 $vs_i $vs_u က\u103A → aɪ\u032Fʔ;
 135 $vs_i $vs_u င\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 136 $vs_i $vs_u င\u103Aး → a $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 137 $vs_i $vs_u င\u103A → a $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 138 $vs_i $vs_u ဏ\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 139 $vs_i $vs_u ဏ\u103Aး → a $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 140 $vs_i $vs_u ဏ\u103A → a $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 141 $vs_i $vs_u ယ\u1037\u103A → o $creaky;
 142 $vs_i $vs_u ယ\u103Aး → o $high;
 143 $vs_i $vs_u ယ\u103A → o $low;  # in က\u102D\u102Fယ\u103A /kò/
 144 $vs_i $vs_u \u1037 → o $creaky;
 145 $vs_i $vs_u း → o $high;
 146 $vs_i $vs_u → o $low;
 147 $vs_i $anusvara \u1037 → e $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 148 $vs_i $anusvara း → e $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 149 $vs_i $anusvara → e $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
 150 $vs_i → i $creaky;
 151 $vs_ii \u1037 → i $creaky;  # this does not usually occur
 152 $vs_ii း → i $high;
 153 $vs_ii → i $low;
 154 $vs_u က\u103A → oʊ\u032Fʔ;
 155 $vs_u ဂ\u103A → oʊ\u032Fʔ;
 156 $vs_u ဏ\u1037\u103A → o $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 157 $vs_u ဏ\u103Aး → o $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 158 $vs_u ဏ\u103A → o $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 159 $vs_u တ\u103A → oʊ\u032Fʔ;
 160 $vs_u န\u1037\u103A → o $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 161 $vs_u န\u103Aး → o $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 162 $vs_u န\u103A → o $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 163 $vs_u ပ\u103A → oʊ\u032Fʔ;
 164 $vs_u မ\u1037\u103A → o $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 165 $vs_u မ\u103Aး → o $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 166 $vs_u မ\u103A → o $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 167 $vs_u $anusvara \u1037 → o $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 168 $vs_u $anusvara း → o $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 169 $vs_u $anusvara → o $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 170 $vs_u → u $creaky;
 171 $vs_uu \u1037 → u $creaky;  # this does not usually occur
 172 $vs_uu း → u $high;
 173 $vs_uu → u $low;
 174 $vs_e တ\u103A → ɪʔ;
 175 $vs_e $vs_aa က\u103A → aʊ\u032Fʔ;
 176 $vs_e $vs_aa င\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 177 $vs_e $vs_aa င\u103Aး → a $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 178 $vs_e $vs_aa င\u103A → a $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
 179 $vs_e $vs_aa \u1037 → ɔ $creaky;
 180 $vs_e $vs_aa း → ɔ $high;  # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
 181 $vs_e $vs_aa \u103A → ɔ $low;
 182 $vs_e $vs_aa → ɔ $high;
 183 $vs_e \u1037 → e $creaky;
 184 $vs_e း → e $high;
 185 $vs_e → e $low;
 186 $vs_ai \u1037 → ɛ $creaky;
 187 $vs_ai း → ɛ $high;  # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
 188 $vs_ai → ɛ $high;
 189 $anusvara \u1037 → a $creaky ɴ;
 190 $anusvara း → a $high ɴ;
 191 $anusvara → a $low ɴ;
 192 $med_w တ\u103A → ʊʔ;
 193 $med_w န\u1037\u103A → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
 194 $med_w န\u103Aး → ʊ $high ɴ;
 195 $med_w န\u103A → ʊ $low ɴ;
 196 $med_w ပ\u103A → ʊʔ;
 197 $med_w မ\u1037\u103A → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
 198 $med_w မ\u103Aး → ʊ $high ɴ;
 199 $med_w မ\u103A → ʊ $low ɴ;
 200 #
 201 # Medials
 202 #
 203 ::Null;
 204 # Palatalization of the velar stops before MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA:
 205 # velar + /j/ ==> modern palatals.
 206 ကျ → t\u0361ɕ;
 207 ချ → t\u0361ɕʰ;
 208 ဂျ → d\u0361ʑ;
 209 ဃျ → d\u0361ʑ;
 210 ကြ → t\u0361ɕ;
 211 ခြ → t\u0361ɕʰ;
 212 ဂြ → d\u0361ʑ;
 213 ဃြ → d\u0361ʑ;
 214 # Remove redundant MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA after initial YA.
 215 ယ { [$med_y $med_r] → ;
 216 # Reorder the medials so that U+103E SIGN MEDIAL HA comes before any
 217 # other medials.
 218 # First, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103D MEDIAL WA.
 219 \u103D \u103E → \u103E \u103D;
 220 ::Null;
 221 # Now MEDIAL WA comes last.
 222 # Produce the palatal ʃ from (SA|LA)+YA+HA.
 223 သျ\u103E → ʃ;
 224 လျ\u103E → ʃ;
 225 # Second, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103C MEDIAL RA.
 226 \u103C \u103E → \u103E \u103C;
 227 ::Null;
 228 # Finally, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103B MEDIAL YA.
 229 \u103B \u103E → \u103E \u103B;
 230 ::Null;
 231 # Consume MEDIAL HA and apply devoicing.
 232 င\u103E → ŋ\u030A;
 233 ဉ\u103E → ɲ\u0325;
 234 ည\u103E → ɲ\u0325;
 235 ဏ\u103E → n\u0325;
 236 န\u103E → n\u0325;
 237 မ\u103E → m\u0325;
 238 ယ\u103E → ʃ;
 239 ရ\u103E → ʃ;
 240 လ\u103E → l\u0325;
 241 ဝ\u103E → w\u0325;
 242 ဠ\u103E → l\u0325;
 243 # Drop any remaining U+103E MEDIAL HA.
 244 \u103E → ;
 245 # Simplify medial cluster /jw/ to /w/, i.e. drop U+103B MEDIAL YA and
 246 # U+103C MEDIAL RA before U+103D MEDIAL WA.  # TODO: revisit this
 247 \u103B } \u103D → ;
 248 \u103C } \u103D → ;
 249 \u103B → j;
 250 \u103C → j;
 251 \u103D → w;
 252 #
 253 # Initials
 254 #
 255 # Velars
 256 က → k;
 257 ခ → kʰ;
 258 ဂ → ɡ;
 259 ဃ → ɡ;
 260 င → ŋ;
 261 # Historic palatals
 262 စ → s;
 263 ဆ → sʰ;
 264 ဇ → z;
 265 ဈ → z;
 266 ဉ → ɲ;
 267 ည → ɲ;
 268 # Alveolars
 269 ဋ → t;
 270 ဌ → tʰ;
 271 ဍ → d;
 272 ဎ → d;
 273 ဏ → n;
 274 # Historic dentals ==> alveolars
 275 တ → t;
 276 ထ → tʰ;
 277 ဒ → d;
 278 ဓ → d;
 279 န → n;
 280 # Labials
 281 ပ → p;
 282 ဖ → pʰ;
 283 ဗ → b;
 284 ဘ → b;
 285 မ → m;
 286 # Other letters
 287 ယ → j;
 288 ရ → j;  # historic /r/
 289 လ\u103A → ;  # final, typically not pronounced in native words
 290 လ → l;
 291 ဝ → w;
 292 သ → θ;  # historic /s/ ==> modern dental
 293 ဟ → h;
 294 ဠ → l;
 295 အ → ʔ;
 296 # Independent vowels
 297 ဣ\u1037 → ʔḭ;  # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
 298 ဣး → ʔí;  # this does not usually occur
 299 ဣ → ʔḭ;
 300 ဤ\u1037 → ʔḭ;  # this does not usually occur
 301 ဤး → ʔí;  # this does not usually occur
 302 ဤ → ʔì;
 303 ဥ\u1037 → ʔṵ;  # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
 304 ဥး → ʔú;  # this does not usually occur
 305 ဥ → ʔṵ;
 306 ဦ\u1037 → ʔṵ;  # this does not usually occur
 307 ဦး → ʔú;
 308 ဦ → ʔù;
 309 ဧ\u1037 → ʔḛ;  # this does not usually occur
 310 ဧး → ʔé;
 311 ဧ → ʔè;
 312 ဩ\u1037 → ʔɔ\u0330;  # this does not usually occur
 313 ဩး → ʔɔ\u0301;  # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
 314 ဩ → ʔɔ\u0301;
 315 ဪ\u1037 → ʔɔ\u0330;  # this does not usually occur
 316 ဪး → ʔɔ\u0301;  # this does not usually occur
 317 ဪ → ʔɔ\u0300;
 318 # Various signs
 319 ၌ → n\u0325aɪ\u032Fʔ;
 320 ၍ → jwḛ;
 321 # ၎င\u103Aး was handled earlier.
 322 ၏ → ʔḭ;
 323 #
 324 # Postprocessing
 325 #
 326 # Delete any remaining U+103A ASAT.
 327 $asat → ;
 328 # Delete zero-width space, non-joiner, joiner.
 329 [\u200B-\u200D] → ;
 330 ::NFC;
 331