.Nm ls
.Nd list directory contents
.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm
-.Op Fl ABCFGHLPRTWZabcdfghiklmnopqrstuwx1
+.Nm ls
+.Op Fl ABCFGHLOPRSTUW@abcdefghiklmnopqrstuwx1
.Op Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
For each operand that names a
.Ar file
of a type other than
directory,
-.Nm
+.Nm ls
displays its name as well as any requested,
associated information.
For each operand that names a
.Ar file
of type directory,
-.Nm
+.Nm ls
displays the names of files contained
within that directory, as well as any requested, associated
information.
.Pp
The following options are available:
.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl @
+Display extended attribute keys and sizes in long
+.Pq Fl l
+output.
+.It Fl 1
+(The numeric digit
+.Dq one . )
+Force output to be
+one entry per line.
+This is the default when
+output is not to a terminal.
.It Fl A
List all entries except for
.Pa \&.
and
.Pa .. .
Always set for the super-user.
+.It Fl a
+Include directory entries whose names begin with a
+dot
+.Pq Pa \&. .
.It Fl B
Force printing of non-printable characters (as defined by
.Xr ctype 3
where
.Va xxx
is the numeric value of the character in octal.
+.It Fl b
+As
+.Fl B ,
+but use
+.Tn C
+escape codes whenever possible.
.It Fl C
Force multi-column output; this is the default when output is to a terminal.
+.It Fl c
+Use time when file status was last changed for sorting
+.Pq Fl t
+or long printing
+.Pq Fl l .
+.It Fl d
+Directories are listed as plain files (not searched recursively).
+.It Fl e
+Print the Access Control List (ACL) associated with the file, if present, in long
+.Pq Fl l
+output.
.It Fl F
Display a slash
.Pq Ql /
.Pq Ql \&|
after each that is a
.Tn FIFO .
+.It Fl f
+Output is not sorted.
+This option turns on the
+.Fl a
+option.
.It Fl G
Enable colorized output.
This option is equivalent to defining
.Ev CLICOLOR
in the environment.
(See below.)
+.It Fl g
+This option is only available for compatibility with POSIX;
+it is used to display the group name in the long
+.Pq Fl l
+format output (the owner name is suppressed).
.It Fl H
Symbolic links on the command line are followed.
This option is assumed if
or
.Fl l
options are specified.
-.It Fl L
-If argument is a symbolic link, list the file or directory the link references
-rather than the link itself.
-This option cancels the
-.Fl P
-option.
-.It Fl P
-If argument is a symbolic link, list the link itself rather than the
-object the link references.
-This option cancels the
-.Fl H
-and
-.Fl L
-options.
-.It Fl R
-Recursively list subdirectories encountered.
-.It Fl T
-When used with the
-.Fl l
-(lowercase letter
-.Dq ell )
-option, display complete time information for the file, including
-month, day, hour, minute, second, and year.
-.It Fl W
-Display whiteouts when scanning directories.
-.It Fl a
-Include directory entries whose names begin with a
-dot
-.Pq Pa \&. .
-.It Fl b
-As
-.Fl B ,
-but use
-.Tn C
-escape codes whenever possible.
-.It Fl c
-Use time when file status was last changed for sorting or printing.
-.It Fl d
-Directories are listed as plain files (not searched recursively).
-.It Fl f
-Output is not sorted.
-.It Fl g
-This option is deprecated and is only available for compatibility
-with
-.Bx 4.3 ;
-it was used to display the group name in the long
-.Pq Fl l
-format output.
.It Fl h
When used with the
.Fl l
not blocks.
This option overrides the environment variable
.Ev BLOCKSIZE .
+.It Fl L
+Follow all symbolic links to final target and list the file or directory the link references
+rather than the link itself.
+This option cancels the
+.Fl P
+option.
.It Fl l
(The lowercase letter
.Dq ell . )
.It Fl m
Stream output format; list files across the page, separated by commas.
.It Fl n
-Display user and group IDs numerically rather than converting to a user
-or group name in a long
+Display user and group IDs numerically,
+rather than converting to a user or group name in a long
.Pq Fl l
output.
-.It Fl o
+This option turns on the
+.Fl l
+option.
+.It Fl O
Include the file flags in a long
.Pq Fl l
output.
+.It Fl o
+List in long format, but omit the group id.
+.It Fl P
+If argument is a symbolic link, list the link itself rather than the
+object the link references.
+This option cancels the
+.Fl H
+and
+.Fl L
+options.
.It Fl p
Write a slash
.Pq Ql /
the character
.Ql \&? ;
this is the default when output is to a terminal.
+.It Fl R
+Recursively list subdirectories encountered.
.It Fl r
Reverse the order of the sort to get reverse
-lexicographical order or the oldest entries first.
+lexicographical order or the oldest entries first (or largest files
+last, if combined with sort by size
+.It Fl S
+Sort files by size
.It Fl s
Display the number of file system blocks actually used by each file, in units
of 512 bytes, where partial units are rounded up to the next integer value.
The environment variable
.Ev BLOCKSIZE
overrides the unit size of 512 bytes.
+.It Fl T
+When used with the
+.Fl l
+(lowercase letter
+.Dq ell )
+option, display complete time information for the file, including
+month, day, hour, minute, second, and year.
.It Fl t
Sort by time modified (most recently modified
first) before sorting the operands by lexicographical
instead of last modification
of the file for sorting
.Pq Fl t
-or printing
+or long printing
+.Pq Fl l .
+.It Fl U
+Use time of file creation, instead of last modification for sorting
+.Pq Fl t
+or long output
.Pq Fl l .
+.It Fl v
+Force unedited printing of non-graphic characters; this is the default when
+output is not to a terminal.
+.It Fl W
+Display whiteouts when scanning directories.
+.Pq Fl S
+flag).
.It Fl w
Force raw printing of non-printable characters.
This is the default
.Fl C ,
except that the multi-column output is produced with entries sorted
across, rather than down, the columns.
-.It Fl v
-Force unedited printing of non-graphic characters; this is the default when
-output is not to a terminal.
-.It Fl 1
-(The numeric digit
-.Dq one . )
-Force output to be
-one entry per line.
-This is the default when
-output is not to a terminal.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fl 1 , C , x ,
and
.Fl l
-options all override each other; the last one specified determines
-the format used.
+options all override each other;
+the last one specified determines the format used.
.Pp
The
.Fl c
.Fl B , b , w ,
and
.Fl q
-options all override each other; the last one specified determines
-the format used for non-printable characters.
+options all override each other;
+the last one specified determines the format used
+for non-printable characters.
.Pp
The
.Fl H , L
are applied in the order specified.
.Pp
By default,
-.Nm
+.Nm ls
lists one entry per line to standard
output; the exceptions are to terminals or when the
.Fl C
month, day-of-month file was last modified,
hour file last modified, minute file last
modified, and the pathname.
-In addition, for each directory whose contents are displayed, the total
-number of 512-byte blocks used by the files in the directory is displayed
-on a line by itself immediately before the information for the files in the
-directory.
+In addition, for each directory whose contents are displayed,
+the total number of 512-byte blocks used by the files in the directory
+is displayed on a line by itself,
+immediately before the information for the files in the directory.
+If the file or directory has extended attributes,
+the permissions field printed by the
+.Fl l
+option is followed by a '@' character.
+Otherwise, if the file or directory has extended security information
+(such as an access control list),
+the permissions field printed by the
+.Fl l
+option is followed by a '+' character.
.Pp
-If the modification time of the file is more than 6 months
-in the past or future, then the year of the last modification
+If the modification time of the file
+is more than 6 months in the past or future,
+then the year of the last modification
is displayed in place of the hour and minute fields.
.Pp
If the owner or group names are not a known user or group name,
If the file is a character special or block special file,
the major and minor device numbers for the file are displayed
in the size field.
-If the file is a symbolic link the pathname of the
-linked-to file is preceded by
+If the file is a symbolic link,
+the pathname of the linked-to file is preceded by
.Dq Li -> .
.Pp
The file mode printed under the
.Fl l
option consists of the
entry type, owner permissions, and group permissions.
-The entry type character describes the type of file, as
-follows:
+The entry type character describes the type of file,
+as follows:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent -compact
.It Sy b
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
The following is how to do an
-.Nm
-listing sorted by size (and shows why
-.Nm
-does not need a separate option for this):
-.Pp
-.Dl "ls -l | sort -n +4"
+.Nm ls
+listing sorted by increasing size
.Pp
-Additionally, the
-.Fl r
-flag to
-.Xr sort 1
-may be used
-to get the results sorted from largest to smallest (a reverse sort).
+.Dl "ls -lrS"
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Ex -std
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
The following environment variables affect the execution of
-.Nm :
+.Nm ls :
.Bl -tag -width ".Ev CLICOLOR_FORCE"
.It Ev BLOCKSIZE
If the environment variable
column position width for displaying
multiple-text-column output.
The
-.Nm
+.Nm ls
utility calculates how
many pathname text columns to display
based on the width provided.
files in order to be compatible with the
.St -p1003.2
specification.
+.Sh LEGACY DESCRIPTION
+In legacy mode, the
+.Fl f
+option does not turn on the
+.Fl a
+option and the
+.Fl g ,
+.Fl n ,
+and
+.Fl o
+options do not turn on the
+.Fl l
+option.
+.Pp
+Also, the
+.Fl o
+option causes the file flags to be included in a long (-l) output;
+there is no
+.Fl O
+option.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl H
+is specified (and not overridden by
+.Fl L
+or
+.Fl P )
+and a file argument is a symlink
+that resolves to a non-directory file,
+the output will reflect the nature of the link,
+rather than that of the file.
+In legacy operation, the output will describe the file.
+.Pp
+For more information about legacy mode, see
+.Xr compat 5 .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr chflags 1 ,
.Xr chmod 1 ,
.Xr sort 1 ,
.Xr xterm 1 ,
+.Xr compat 5 ,
.Xr termcap 5 ,
.Xr symlink 7 ,
.Xr sticky 8
.Sh STANDARDS
The
-.Nm
+.Nm ls
utility conforms to
.St -p1003.1-2001 .
.Sh HISTORY
An
-.Nm
+.Nm ls
command appeared in
.At v1 .
.Sh BUGS
projects / apple / file_cmds.git / blobdiff