launch-cache/MachOFileAbstraction.hpp

   1 /* -*- mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
   2  *
   3  * Copyright (c) 2005 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
   6  *
   7  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
   8  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
   9  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
  10  * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
  11  * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
  12  * file.
  13  *
  14  * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
  15  * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  16  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
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  19  * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
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  23 */
  24 #ifndef __MACH_O_FILE_ABSTRACTION__
  25 #define __MACH_O_FILE_ABSTRACTION__
  26
  27 #include <mach-o/loader.h>
  28 #include <mach-o/nlist.h>
  29 #include <mach-o/reloc.h>
  30 #include <mach/machine.h>
  31
  32 // suport older versions of mach-o/loader.h
  33 #ifndef LC_UUID
  34 #define LC_UUID         0x1b
  35 struct uuid_command {
  36     uint32_t    cmd;            /* LC_UUID */
  37     uint32_t    cmdsize;        /* sizeof(struct uuid_command) */
  38     uint8_t     uuid[16];       /* the 128-bit uuid */
  39 };
  40 #endif
  41
  42 #ifndef S_16BYTE_LITERALS
  43         #define S_16BYTE_LITERALS 0xE
  44 #endif
  45
  46 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V5TEJ
  47         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V5TEJ           ((cpu_subtype_t) 7)
  48 #endif
  49 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_XSCALE
  50         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_XSCALE          ((cpu_subtype_t) 8)
  51 #endif
  52 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7
  53         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7                      ((cpu_subtype_t) 9)
  54 #endif
  55 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7F
  56         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7F                     ((cpu_subtype_t) 10)
  57 #endif
  58 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7K
  59         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7K                     ((cpu_subtype_t) 12)
  60 #endif
  61 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7S
  62         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7S                     ((cpu_subtype_t) 11)
  63 #endif
  64 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_ALL
  65         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_ALL           ((cpu_subtype_t) 0)
  66 #endif
  67 #ifndef CPU_TYPE_ARM64
  68         #define CPU_TYPE_ARM64                          ((cpu_type_t) (CPU_TYPE_ARM | CPU_ARCH_ABI64))
  69 #endif
  70
  71 #ifndef CPU_ARCH_ABI64_32
  72         #define CPU_ARCH_ABI64_32                               ((cpu_type_t) 0x02000000)
  73 #endif
  74 #ifndef CPU_TYPE_ARM64_32
  75         #define CPU_TYPE_ARM64_32                               ((cpu_type_t) (CPU_TYPE_ARM | CPU_ARCH_ABI64_32))
  76 #endif
  77 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_32_V8
  78         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_32_V8         ((cpu_subtype_t) 1)
  79 #endif
  80
  81
  82 #define ARM64_RELOC_UNSIGNED            0 // for pointers
  83
  84
  85 #ifndef LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB
  86         #define LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB (0x23|LC_REQ_DYLD) /* load of dylib whose initializers run later */
  87 #endif
  88
  89 #ifndef EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_STUB_AND_RESOLVER
  90         #define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_STUB_AND_RESOLVER 0x10
  91 #endif
  92 #ifndef EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_REEXPORT
  93         #define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_REEXPORT 0x08
  94 #endif
  95
  96 #ifndef LC_FUNCTION_STARTS
  97         #define LC_FUNCTION_STARTS 0x26
  98 #endif
  99
 100 #ifndef LC_DATA_IN_CODE
 101         #define LC_DATA_IN_CODE 0x29
 102 #endif
 103
 104 #ifndef LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS
 105         #define LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS 0x2B
 106 #endif
 107
 108 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_X86_64_H
 109         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_X86_64_H            ((cpu_subtype_t) 8)
 110 #endif
 111
 112
 113 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_FORMAT                                0x7F
 114
 115 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_POINTER_32                    0x01
 116 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_POINTER_64                    0x02
 117 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_DELTA_32                          0x03
 118 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_DELTA_64                          0x04
 119 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_ARM64_ADRP                    0x05
 120 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_ARM64_OFF12                   0x06
 121 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_ARM64_BR26                    0x07
 122 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_ARM_MOVW_MOVT                 0x08
 123 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_ARM_BR24                              0x09
 124 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_THUMB_MOVW_MOVT               0x0A
 125 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_THUMB_BR22                    0x0B
 126 #define DYLD_CACHE_ADJ_V2_IMAGE_OFF_32                  0x0C
 127
 128 #define MH_HAS_OBJC                     0x40000000
 129
 130 #ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_E
 131         #define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_E    2
 132 #endif
 133
 134 #include "FileAbstraction.hpp"
 135 #include "Architectures.hpp"
 136
 137 // utility to pair together a cpu-type and cpu-sub-type
 138 struct ArchPair
 139 {
 140         uint32_t        arch;
 141         uint32_t        subtype;
 142
 143         ArchPair(uint32_t cputype, uint32_t cpusubtype) : arch(cputype), subtype(cpusubtype) {}
 144
 145         bool operator<(const ArchPair& other) const {
 146                 if ( this->arch != other.arch )
 147                         return (this->arch < other.arch);
 148                 return (this->subtype < other.subtype);
 149         }
 150
 151         bool operator==(const ArchPair& other) const {
 152         return this->arch == other.arch  &&  this->subtype == other.subtype;
 153         }
 154 };
 155
 156
 157 //
 158 // This abstraction layer makes every mach-o file look like a 64-bit mach-o file with native endianness
 159 //
 160
 161 //
 162 // mach-o load command
 163 //
 164 template <typename P>
 165 class macho_load_command {
 166 public:
 167         uint32_t                cmd() const                                             INLINE { return E::get32(command.cmd); }
 168         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                 INLINE { E::set32(command.cmd, value); }
 169
 170         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                 INLINE { return E::get32(command.cmdsize); }
 171         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)             INLINE { E::set32(command.cmdsize, value); }
 172
 173         typedef typename P::E           E;
 174 private:
 175         load_command    command;
 176 };
 177
 178
 179 //
 180 // mach-o segment load command
 181 //
 182 template <typename P> struct macho_segment_content {};
 183 template <> struct macho_segment_content<Pointer32<BigEndian> >    { segment_command    fields; enum { CMD = LC_SEGMENT         }; };
 184 template <> struct macho_segment_content<Pointer64<BigEndian> >    { segment_command_64 fields; enum { CMD = LC_SEGMENT_64      }; };
 185 template <> struct macho_segment_content<Pointer32<LittleEndian> > { segment_command    fields; enum { CMD = LC_SEGMENT         }; };
 186 template <> struct macho_segment_content<Pointer64<LittleEndian> > { segment_command_64 fields; enum { CMD = LC_SEGMENT_64      }; };
 187
 188 template <typename P>
 189 class macho_segment_command {
 190 public:
 191         uint32_t                cmd() const                                             INLINE { return E::get32(segment.fields.cmd); }
 192         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                 INLINE { E::set32(segment.fields.cmd, value); }
 193
 194         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                 INLINE { return E::get32(segment.fields.cmdsize); }
 195         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)             INLINE { E::set32(segment.fields.cmdsize, value); }
 196
 197         const char*             segname() const                                 INLINE { return segment.fields.segname; }
 198         void                    set_segname(const char* value)  INLINE { strncpy(segment.fields.segname, value, 16); }
 199
 200         uint64_t                vmaddr() const                                  INLINE { return P::getP(segment.fields.vmaddr); }
 201         void                    set_vmaddr(uint64_t value)              INLINE { P::setP(segment.fields.vmaddr, value); }
 202
 203         uint64_t                vmsize() const                                  INLINE { return P::getP(segment.fields.vmsize); }
 204         void                    set_vmsize(uint64_t value)              INLINE { P::setP(segment.fields.vmsize, value); }
 205
 206         uint64_t                fileoff() const                                 INLINE { return P::getP(segment.fields.fileoff); }
 207         void                    set_fileoff(uint64_t value)             INLINE { P::setP(segment.fields.fileoff, value); }
 208
 209         uint64_t                filesize() const                                INLINE { return P::getP(segment.fields.filesize); }
 210         void                    set_filesize(uint64_t value)    INLINE { P::setP(segment.fields.filesize, value); }
 211
 212         uint32_t                maxprot() const                                 INLINE { return E::get32(segment.fields.maxprot); }
 213         void                    set_maxprot(uint32_t value)             INLINE { E::set32((uint32_t&)segment.fields.maxprot, value); }
 214
 215         uint32_t                initprot() const                                INLINE { return E::get32(segment.fields.initprot); }
 216         void                    set_initprot(uint32_t value)    INLINE { E::set32((uint32_t&)segment.fields.initprot, value); }
 217
 218         uint32_t                nsects() const                                  INLINE { return E::get32(segment.fields.nsects); }
 219         void                    set_nsects(uint32_t value)              INLINE { E::set32(segment.fields.nsects, value); }
 220
 221         uint32_t                flags() const                                   INLINE { return E::get32(segment.fields.flags); }
 222         void                    set_flags(uint32_t value)               INLINE { E::set32(segment.fields.flags, value); }
 223
 224         enum {
 225                 CMD = macho_segment_content<P>::CMD
 226         };
 227
 228         typedef typename P::E           E;
 229 private:
 230         macho_segment_content<P>        segment;
 231 };
 232
 233
 234 //
 235 // mach-o section
 236 //
 237 template <typename P> struct macho_section_content {};
 238 template <> struct macho_section_content<Pointer32<BigEndian> >    { section    fields; };
 239 template <> struct macho_section_content<Pointer64<BigEndian> >    { section_64 fields; };
 240 template <> struct macho_section_content<Pointer32<LittleEndian> > { section    fields; };
 241 template <> struct macho_section_content<Pointer64<LittleEndian> > { section_64 fields; };
 242
 243 template <typename P>
 244 class macho_section {
 245 public:
 246         const char*             sectname() const                                INLINE { return section.fields.sectname; }
 247         void                    set_sectname(const char* value) INLINE { strncpy(section.fields.sectname, value, 16); }
 248
 249         const char*             segname() const                                 INLINE { return section.fields.segname; }
 250         void                    set_segname(const char* value)  INLINE { strncpy(section.fields.segname, value, 16); }
 251
 252         uint64_t                addr() const                                    INLINE { return P::getP(section.fields.addr); }
 253         void                    set_addr(uint64_t value)                INLINE { P::setP(section.fields.addr, value); }
 254
 255         uint64_t                size() const                                    INLINE { return P::getP(section.fields.size); }
 256         void                    set_size(uint64_t value)                INLINE { P::setP(section.fields.size, value); }
 257
 258         uint32_t                offset() const                                  INLINE { return E::get32(section.fields.offset); }
 259         void                    set_offset(uint32_t value)              INLINE { E::set32(section.fields.offset, value); }
 260
 261         uint32_t                align() const                                   INLINE { return E::get32(section.fields.align); }
 262         void                    set_align(uint32_t value)               INLINE { E::set32(section.fields.align, value); }
 263
 264         uint32_t                reloff() const                                  INLINE { return E::get32(section.fields.reloff); }
 265         void                    set_reloff(uint32_t value)              INLINE { E::set32(section.fields.reloff, value); }
 266
 267         uint32_t                nreloc() const                                  INLINE { return E::get32(section.fields.nreloc); }
 268         void                    set_nreloc(uint32_t value)              INLINE { E::set32(section.fields.nreloc, value); }
 269
 270         uint32_t                flags() const                                   INLINE { return E::get32(section.fields.flags); }
 271         void                    set_flags(uint32_t value)               INLINE { E::set32(section.fields.flags, value); }
 272
 273         uint32_t                reserved1() const                               INLINE { return E::get32(section.fields.reserved1); }
 274         void                    set_reserved1(uint32_t value)   INLINE { E::set32(section.fields.reserved1, value); }
 275
 276         uint32_t                reserved2() const                               INLINE { return E::get32(section.fields.reserved2); }
 277         void                    set_reserved2(uint32_t value)   INLINE { E::set32(section.fields.reserved2, value); }
 278
 279         typedef typename P::E           E;
 280 private:
 281         macho_section_content<P>        section;
 282 };
 283
 284
 285 //
 286 // mach-o dylib load command
 287 //
 288 template <typename P>
 289 class macho_dylib_command {
 290 public:
 291         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 292         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                                         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 293
 294         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 295         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 296
 297         uint32_t                name_offset() const                                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.dylib.name.offset); }
 298         void                    set_name_offset(uint32_t value)                         INLINE { E::set32(fields.dylib.name.offset, value);  }
 299
 300         uint32_t                timestamp() const                                                       INLINE { return E::get32(fields.dylib.timestamp); }
 301         void                    set_timestamp(uint32_t value)                           INLINE { E::set32(fields.dylib.timestamp, value); }
 302
 303         uint32_t                current_version() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.dylib.current_version); }
 304         void                    set_current_version(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.dylib.current_version, value); }
 305
 306         uint32_t                compatibility_version() const                           INLINE { return E::get32(fields.dylib.compatibility_version); }
 307         void                    set_compatibility_version(uint32_t value)       INLINE { E::set32(fields.dylib.compatibility_version, value); }
 308
 309         const char*             name() const                                                            INLINE { return (const char*)&fields + name_offset(); }
 310         void                    set_name_offset()                                                       INLINE { set_name_offset(sizeof(fields)); }
 311
 312         typedef typename P::E           E;
 313 private:
 314         dylib_command   fields;
 315 };
 316
 317
 318 //
 319 // mach-o dylinker load command
 320 //
 321 template <typename P>
 322 class macho_dylinker_command {
 323 public:
 324         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 325         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 326
 327         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 328         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 329
 330         uint32_t                name_offset() const                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.name.offset); }
 331         void                    set_name_offset(uint32_t value)         INLINE { E::set32(fields.name.offset, value);  }
 332
 333         const char*             name() const                                            INLINE { return (const char*)&fields + name_offset(); }
 334         void                    set_name_offset()                                       INLINE { set_name_offset(sizeof(fields)); }
 335
 336         typedef typename P::E           E;
 337 private:
 338         dylinker_command        fields;
 339 };
 340
 341
 342 //
 343 // mach-o sub_framework load command
 344 //
 345 template <typename P>
 346 class macho_sub_framework_command {
 347 public:
 348         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 349         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 350
 351         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 352         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 353
 354         uint32_t                umbrella_offset() const                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.umbrella.offset); }
 355         void                    set_umbrella_offset(uint32_t value)     INLINE { E::set32(fields.umbrella.offset, value);  }
 356
 357         const char*             umbrella() const                                        INLINE { return (const char*)&fields + umbrella_offset(); }
 358         void                    set_umbrella_offset()                           INLINE { set_umbrella_offset(sizeof(fields)); }
 359
 360         typedef typename P::E           E;
 361 private:
 362         sub_framework_command   fields;
 363 };
 364
 365
 366 //
 367 // mach-o sub_client load command
 368 //
 369 template <typename P>
 370 class macho_sub_client_command {
 371 public:
 372         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 373         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 374
 375         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 376         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 377
 378         uint32_t                client_offset() const                           INLINE { return E::get32(fields.client.offset); }
 379         void                    set_client_offset(uint32_t value)       INLINE { E::set32(fields.client.offset, value);  }
 380
 381         const char*             client() const                                          INLINE { return (const char*)&fields + client_offset(); }
 382         void                    set_client_offset()                                     INLINE { set_client_offset(sizeof(fields)); }
 383
 384         typedef typename P::E           E;
 385 private:
 386         sub_client_command      fields;
 387 };
 388
 389
 390 //
 391 // mach-o sub_umbrella load command
 392 //
 393 template <typename P>
 394 class macho_sub_umbrella_command {
 395 public:
 396         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                             INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 397         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                                 INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 398
 399         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                                 INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 400         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                             INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 401
 402         uint32_t                sub_umbrella_offset() const                             INLINE { return E::get32(fields.sub_umbrella.offset); }
 403         void                    set_sub_umbrella_offset(uint32_t value) INLINE { E::set32(fields.sub_umbrella.offset, value);  }
 404
 405         const char*             sub_umbrella() const                                    INLINE { return (const char*)&fields + sub_umbrella_offset(); }
 406         void                    set_sub_umbrella_offset()                               INLINE { set_sub_umbrella_offset(sizeof(fields)); }
 407
 408         typedef typename P::E           E;
 409 private:
 410         sub_umbrella_command    fields;
 411 };
 412
 413
 414 //
 415 // mach-o sub_library load command
 416 //
 417 template <typename P>
 418 class macho_sub_library_command {
 419 public:
 420         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                             INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 421         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                                 INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 422
 423         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                                 INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 424         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                             INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 425
 426         uint32_t                sub_library_offset() const                              INLINE { return E::get32(fields.sub_library.offset); }
 427         void                    set_sub_library_offset(uint32_t value)  INLINE { E::set32(fields.sub_library.offset, value);  }
 428
 429         const char*             sub_library() const                                             INLINE { return (const char*)&fields + sub_library_offset(); }
 430         void                    set_sub_library_offset()                                INLINE { set_sub_library_offset(sizeof(fields)); }
 431
 432         typedef typename P::E           E;
 433 private:
 434         sub_library_command     fields;
 435 };
 436
 437
 438 //
 439 // mach-o uuid load command
 440 //
 441 template <typename P>
 442 class macho_uuid_command {
 443 public:
 444         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                             INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 445         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                                 INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 446
 447         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                                 INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 448         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                             INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 449
 450         const uint8_t*  uuid() const                                                    INLINE { return fields.uuid; }
 451         void                    set_uuid(uint8_t value[16])                             INLINE { memcpy(&fields.uuid, value, 16); }
 452
 453         typedef typename P::E           E;
 454 private:
 455         uuid_command    fields;
 456 };
 457
 458
 459 //
 460 // mach-o routines load command
 461 //
 462 template <typename P> struct macho_routines_content {};
 463 template <> struct macho_routines_content<Pointer32<BigEndian> >    { routines_command          fields; enum { CMD = LC_ROUTINES        }; };
 464 template <> struct macho_routines_content<Pointer64<BigEndian> >        { routines_command_64   fields; enum { CMD = LC_ROUTINES_64     }; };
 465 template <> struct macho_routines_content<Pointer32<LittleEndian> > { routines_command          fields; enum { CMD = LC_ROUTINES        }; };
 466 template <> struct macho_routines_content<Pointer64<LittleEndian> > { routines_command_64       fields; enum { CMD = LC_ROUTINES_64     }; };
 467
 468 template <typename P>
 469 class macho_routines_command {
 470 public:
 471         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                     INLINE { return E::get32(routines.fields.cmd); }
 472         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                         INLINE { E::set32(routines.fields.cmd, value); }
 473
 474         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(routines.fields.cmdsize); }
 475         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(routines.fields.cmdsize, value); }
 476
 477         uint64_t                init_address() const                            INLINE { return P::getP(routines.fields.init_address); }
 478         void                    set_init_address(uint64_t value)        INLINE { P::setP(routines.fields.init_address, value); }
 479
 480         uint64_t                init_module() const                                     INLINE { return P::getP(routines.fields.init_module); }
 481         void                    set_init_module(uint64_t value)         INLINE { P::setP(routines.fields.init_module, value); }
 482
 483         uint64_t                reserved1() const                                       INLINE { return P::getP(routines.fields.reserved1); }
 484         void                    set_reserved1(uint64_t value)           INLINE { P::setP(routines.fields.reserved1, value); }
 485
 486         uint64_t                reserved2() const                                       INLINE { return P::getP(routines.fields.reserved2); }
 487         void                    set_reserved2(uint64_t value)           INLINE { P::setP(routines.fields.reserved2, value); }
 488
 489         uint64_t                reserved3() const                                       INLINE { return P::getP(routines.fields.reserved3); }
 490         void                    set_reserved3(uint64_t value)           INLINE { P::setP(routines.fields.reserved3, value); }
 491
 492         uint64_t                reserved4() const                                       INLINE { return P::getP(routines.fields.reserved4); }
 493         void                    set_reserved4(uint64_t value)           INLINE { P::setP(routines.fields.reserved4, value); }
 494
 495         uint64_t                reserved5() const                                       INLINE { return P::getP(routines.fields.reserved5); }
 496         void                    set_reserved5(uint64_t value)           INLINE { P::setP(routines.fields.reserved5, value); }
 497
 498         uint64_t                reserved6() const                                       INLINE { return P::getP(routines.fields.reserved6); }
 499         void                    set_reserved6(uint64_t value)           INLINE { P::setP(routines.fields.reserved6, value); }
 500
 501         typedef typename P::E           E;
 502         enum {
 503                 CMD = macho_routines_content<P>::CMD
 504         };
 505 private:
 506         macho_routines_content<P>       routines;
 507 };
 508
 509
 510 //
 511 // mach-o symbol table load command
 512 //
 513 template <typename P>
 514 class macho_symtab_command {
 515 public:
 516         uint32_t                cmd() const                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 517         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 518
 519         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 520         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 521
 522         uint32_t                symoff() const                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields.symoff); }
 523         void                    set_symoff(uint32_t value)      INLINE { E::set32(fields.symoff, value);  }
 524
 525         uint32_t                nsyms() const                           INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nsyms); }
 526         void                    set_nsyms(uint32_t value)       INLINE { E::set32(fields.nsyms, value);  }
 527
 528         uint32_t                stroff() const                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields.stroff); }
 529         void                    set_stroff(uint32_t value)      INLINE { E::set32(fields.stroff, value);  }
 530
 531         uint32_t                strsize() const                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.strsize); }
 532         void                    set_strsize(uint32_t value)     INLINE { E::set32(fields.strsize, value);  }
 533
 534
 535         typedef typename P::E           E;
 536 private:
 537         symtab_command  fields;
 538 };
 539
 540
 541 //
 542 // mach-o dynamic symbol table load command
 543 //
 544 template <typename P>
 545 class macho_dysymtab_command {
 546 public:
 547         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 548         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 549
 550         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 551         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 552
 553         uint32_t                ilocalsym() const                                       INLINE { return E::get32(fields.ilocalsym); }
 554         void                    set_ilocalsym(uint32_t value)           INLINE { E::set32(fields.ilocalsym, value);  }
 555
 556         uint32_t                nlocalsym() const                                       INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nlocalsym); }
 557         void                    set_nlocalsym(uint32_t value)           INLINE { E::set32(fields.nlocalsym, value);  }
 558
 559         uint32_t                iextdefsym() const                                      INLINE { return E::get32(fields.iextdefsym); }
 560         void                    set_iextdefsym(uint32_t value)          INLINE { E::set32(fields.iextdefsym, value);  }
 561
 562         uint32_t                nextdefsym() const                                      INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nextdefsym); }
 563         void                    set_nextdefsym(uint32_t value)          INLINE { E::set32(fields.nextdefsym, value);  }
 564
 565         uint32_t                iundefsym() const                                       INLINE { return E::get32(fields.iundefsym); }
 566         void                    set_iundefsym(uint32_t value)           INLINE { E::set32(fields.iundefsym, value);  }
 567
 568         uint32_t                nundefsym() const                                       INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nundefsym); }
 569         void                    set_nundefsym(uint32_t value)           INLINE { E::set32(fields.nundefsym, value);  }
 570
 571         uint32_t                tocoff() const                                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields.tocoff); }
 572         void                    set_tocoff(uint32_t value)                      INLINE { E::set32(fields.tocoff, value);  }
 573
 574         uint32_t                ntoc() const                                            INLINE { return E::get32(fields.ntoc); }
 575         void                    set_ntoc(uint32_t value)                        INLINE { E::set32(fields.ntoc, value);  }
 576
 577         uint32_t                modtaboff() const                                       INLINE { return E::get32(fields.modtaboff); }
 578         void                    set_modtaboff(uint32_t value)           INLINE { E::set32(fields.modtaboff, value);  }
 579
 580         uint32_t                nmodtab() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nmodtab); }
 581         void                    set_nmodtab(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.nmodtab, value);  }
 582
 583         uint32_t                extrefsymoff() const                            INLINE { return E::get32(fields.extrefsymoff); }
 584         void                    set_extrefsymoff(uint32_t value)        INLINE { E::set32(fields.extrefsymoff, value);  }
 585
 586         uint32_t                nextrefsyms() const                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nextrefsyms); }
 587         void                    set_nextrefsyms(uint32_t value)         INLINE { E::set32(fields.nextrefsyms, value);  }
 588
 589         uint32_t                indirectsymoff() const                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields.indirectsymoff); }
 590         void                    set_indirectsymoff(uint32_t value)      INLINE { E::set32(fields.indirectsymoff, value);  }
 591
 592         uint32_t                nindirectsyms() const                           INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nindirectsyms); }
 593         void                    set_nindirectsyms(uint32_t value)       INLINE { E::set32(fields.nindirectsyms, value);  }
 594
 595         uint32_t                extreloff() const                                       INLINE { return E::get32(fields.extreloff); }
 596         void                    set_extreloff(uint32_t value)           INLINE { E::set32(fields.extreloff, value);  }
 597
 598         uint32_t                nextrel() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nextrel); }
 599         void                    set_nextrel(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.nextrel, value);  }
 600
 601         uint32_t                locreloff() const                                       INLINE { return E::get32(fields.locreloff); }
 602         void                    set_locreloff(uint32_t value)           INLINE { E::set32(fields.locreloff, value);  }
 603
 604         uint32_t                nlocrel() const                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nlocrel); }
 605         void                    set_nlocrel(uint32_t value)                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.nlocrel, value);  }
 606
 607         typedef typename P::E           E;
 608 private:
 609         dysymtab_command        fields;
 610 };
 611
 612
 613 //
 614 // mach-o two-level hints load command
 615 //
 616 template <typename P>
 617 class macho_twolevel_hints_command {
 618 public:
 619         uint32_t                cmd() const                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 620         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 621
 622         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 623         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 624
 625         uint32_t                offset() const                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields.offset); }
 626         void                    set_offset(uint32_t value)      INLINE { E::set32(fields.offset, value);  }
 627
 628         uint32_t                nhints() const                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields.nhints); }
 629         void                    set_nhints(uint32_t value)      INLINE { E::set32(fields.nhints, value);  }
 630
 631         typedef typename P::E           E;
 632 private:
 633         twolevel_hints_command  fields;
 634 };
 635
 636
 637 //
 638 // mach-o threads load command
 639 //
 640 template <typename P>
 641 class macho_thread_command {
 642 public:
 643         uint32_t                cmd() const                                                                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 644         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)                                                         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 645
 646         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                                                                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 647         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)                                                     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 648
 649         uint32_t                flavor() const                                                                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields_flavor); }
 650         void                    set_flavor(uint32_t value)                                                      INLINE { E::set32(fields_flavor, value);  }
 651
 652         uint32_t                count() const                                                                           INLINE { return E::get32(fields_count); }
 653         void                    set_count(uint32_t value)                                                       INLINE { E::set32(fields_count, value);  }
 654
 655         uint64_t                thread_register(uint32_t index) const                           INLINE { return P::getP(thread_registers[index]); }
 656         void                    set_thread_register(uint32_t index, uint64_t value)     INLINE { P::setP(thread_registers[index], value); }
 657
 658         typedef typename P::E           E;
 659         typedef typename P::uint_t      pint_t;
 660 private:
 661         struct thread_command   fields;
 662         uint32_t                                fields_flavor;
 663         uint32_t                                fields_count;
 664         pint_t                                  thread_registers[1];
 665 };
 666
 667
 668 //
 669 // mach-o misc data
 670 //
 671 template <typename P>
 672 class macho_linkedit_data_command {
 673 public:
 674         uint32_t                cmd() const                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 675         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 676
 677         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 678         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 679
 680         uint32_t                dataoff() const                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.dataoff); }
 681         void                    set_dataoff(uint32_t value)     INLINE { E::set32(fields.dataoff, value);  }
 682
 683         uint32_t                datasize() const                        INLINE { return E::get32(fields.datasize); }
 684         void                    set_datasize(uint32_t value)INLINE { E::set32(fields.datasize, value);  }
 685
 686
 687         typedef typename P::E           E;
 688 private:
 689         linkedit_data_command   fields;
 690 };
 691
 692
 693 //
 694 // mach-o symbol table entry
 695 //
 696 template <typename P> struct macho_nlist_content {};
 697 template <> struct macho_nlist_content<Pointer32<BigEndian> >    { struct nlist         fields; };
 698 template <> struct macho_nlist_content<Pointer64<BigEndian> >    { struct nlist_64      fields; };
 699 template <> struct macho_nlist_content<Pointer32<LittleEndian> > { struct nlist         fields; };
 700 template <> struct macho_nlist_content<Pointer64<LittleEndian> > { struct nlist_64      fields; };
 701
 702 template <typename P>
 703 class macho_nlist {
 704 public:
 705         uint32_t                n_strx() const                                  INLINE { return E::get32(entry.fields.n_un.n_strx); }
 706         void                    set_n_strx(uint32_t value)              INLINE { E::set32((uint32_t&)entry.fields.n_un.n_strx, value); }
 707
 708         uint8_t                 n_type() const                                  INLINE { return entry.fields.n_type; }
 709         void                    set_n_type(uint8_t value)               INLINE { entry.fields.n_type = value; }
 710
 711         uint8_t                 n_sect() const                                  INLINE { return entry.fields.n_sect; }
 712         void                    set_n_sect(uint8_t value)               INLINE { entry.fields.n_sect = value; }
 713
 714         uint16_t                n_desc() const                                  INLINE { return E::get16(entry.fields.n_desc); }
 715         void                    set_n_desc(uint16_t value)              INLINE { E::set16((uint16_t&)entry.fields.n_desc, value); }
 716
 717         uint64_t                n_value() const                                 INLINE { return P::getP(entry.fields.n_value); }
 718         void                    set_n_value(uint64_t value)             INLINE { P::setP(entry.fields.n_value, value); }
 719
 720         typedef typename P::E           E;
 721 private:
 722         macho_nlist_content<P>  entry;
 723 };
 724
 725
 726
 727 //
 728 // mach-o relocation info
 729 //
 730 template <typename P>
 731 class macho_relocation_info {
 732 public:
 733         uint32_t                r_address() const                               INLINE { return E::get32(address); }
 734         void                    set_r_address(uint32_t value)   INLINE { E::set32(address, value); }
 735
 736         uint32_t                r_symbolnum() const                             INLINE { return E::getBits(other, 0, 24); }
 737         void                    set_r_symbolnum(uint32_t value) INLINE { E::setBits(other, value, 0, 24); }
 738
 739         bool                    r_pcrel() const                                 INLINE { return E::getBits(other, 24, 1); }
 740         void                    set_r_pcrel(bool value)                 INLINE { E::setBits(other, value, 24, 1); }
 741
 742         uint8_t                 r_length() const                                INLINE { return E::getBits(other, 25, 2); }
 743         void                    set_r_length(uint8_t value)             INLINE { E::setBits(other, value, 25, 2); }
 744
 745         bool                    r_extern() const                                INLINE { return E::getBits(other, 27, 1); }
 746         void                    set_r_extern(bool value)                INLINE { E::setBits(other, value, 27, 1); }
 747
 748         uint8_t                 r_type() const                                  INLINE { return E::getBits(other, 28, 4); }
 749         void                    set_r_type(uint8_t value)               INLINE { E::setBits(other, value, 28, 4); }
 750
 751         void                    set_r_length()                                  INLINE { set_r_length((sizeof(typename P::uint_t)==8) ? 3 : 2); }
 752
 753         typedef typename P::E           E;
 754 private:
 755         uint32_t                address;
 756         uint32_t                other;
 757 };
 758
 759
 760 //
 761 // mach-o scattered relocation info
 762 // The bit fields are always in big-endian order (see mach-o/reloc.h)
 763 //
 764 template <typename P>
 765 class macho_scattered_relocation_info {
 766 public:
 767         bool                    r_scattered() const                     INLINE { return BigEndian::getBitsRaw(E::get32(other), 0, 1); }
 768         void                    set_r_scattered(bool x)         INLINE { uint32_t temp = E::get32(other); BigEndian::setBitsRaw(temp, x, 0, 1);  E::set32(other, temp); }
 769
 770         bool                    r_pcrel() const                         INLINE { return BigEndian::getBitsRaw(E::get32(other), 1, 1); }
 771         void                    set_r_pcrel(bool x)                     INLINE { uint32_t temp = E::get32(other); BigEndian::setBitsRaw(temp, x, 1, 1);  E::set32(other, temp); }
 772
 773         uint8_t                 r_length() const                        INLINE { return BigEndian::getBitsRaw(E::get32(other), 2, 2); }
 774         void                    set_r_length(uint8_t x)         INLINE { uint32_t temp = E::get32(other); BigEndian::setBitsRaw(temp, x, 2, 2);  E::set32(other, temp); }
 775
 776         uint8_t                 r_type() const                          INLINE { return BigEndian::getBitsRaw(E::get32(other), 4, 4); }
 777         void                    set_r_type(uint8_t x)           INLINE { uint32_t temp = E::get32(other); BigEndian::setBitsRaw(temp, x, 4, 4);  E::set32(other, temp); }
 778
 779         uint32_t                r_address() const                       INLINE { return BigEndian::getBitsRaw(E::get32(other), 8, 24); }
 780         void                    set_r_address(uint32_t x)       INLINE { uint32_t temp = E::get32(other); BigEndian::setBitsRaw(temp, x, 8, 24);  E::set32(other, temp); }
 781
 782         uint32_t                r_value() const                         INLINE { return E::get32(value); }
 783         void                    set_r_value(uint32_t x)         INLINE { E::set32(value, x); }
 784
 785         uint32_t                r_other() const                         INLINE { return other; }
 786
 787         typedef typename P::E           E;
 788 private:
 789         uint32_t                other;
 790         uint32_t                value;
 791 };
 792
 793
 794 //
 795 // mach-o file header
 796 //
 797 template <typename P> struct macho_header_content {};
 798 template <> struct macho_header_content<Pointer32<BigEndian> >    { mach_header         fields; };
 799 template <> struct macho_header_content<Pointer64<BigEndian> >    { mach_header_64      fields; };
 800 template <> struct macho_header_content<Pointer32<LittleEndian> > { mach_header         fields; };
 801 template <> struct macho_header_content<Pointer64<LittleEndian> > { mach_header_64      fields; };
 802
 803 template <typename P>
 804 class macho_header {
 805 public:
 806         uint32_t                magic() const                                   INLINE { return E::get32(header.fields.magic); }
 807         void                    set_magic(uint32_t value)               INLINE { E::set32(header.fields.magic, value); }
 808
 809         uint32_t                cputype() const                                 INLINE { return E::get32(header.fields.cputype); }
 810         void                    set_cputype(uint32_t value)             INLINE { E::set32((uint32_t&)header.fields.cputype, value); }
 811
 812         uint32_t                cpusubtype() const                              INLINE { return E::get32(header.fields.cpusubtype); }
 813         void                    set_cpusubtype(uint32_t value)  INLINE { E::set32((uint32_t&)header.fields.cpusubtype, value); }
 814
 815         uint32_t                filetype() const                                INLINE { return E::get32(header.fields.filetype); }
 816         void                    set_filetype(uint32_t value)    INLINE { E::set32(header.fields.filetype, value); }
 817
 818         uint32_t                ncmds() const                                   INLINE { return E::get32(header.fields.ncmds); }
 819         void                    set_ncmds(uint32_t value)               INLINE { E::set32(header.fields.ncmds, value); }
 820
 821         uint32_t                sizeofcmds() const                              INLINE { return E::get32(header.fields.sizeofcmds); }
 822         void                    set_sizeofcmds(uint32_t value)  INLINE { E::set32(header.fields.sizeofcmds, value); }
 823
 824         uint32_t                flags() const                                   INLINE { return E::get32(header.fields.flags); }
 825         void                    set_flags(uint32_t value)               INLINE { E::set32(header.fields.flags, value); }
 826
 827         uint32_t                reserved() const                                INLINE { return E::get32(header.fields.reserved); }
 828         void                    set_reserved(uint32_t value)    INLINE { E::set32(header.fields.reserved, value); }
 829
 830     const macho_segment_command<P>* getSegment(const char *segname) const
 831     {
 832         const macho_load_command<P>* cmds = (macho_load_command<P>*)((uint8_t*)this + sizeof(macho_header<P>));
 833         uint32_t cmd_count = this->ncmds();
 834         const macho_load_command<P>* cmd = cmds;
 835         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cmd_count; ++i) {
 836             if ( cmd->cmd() == macho_segment_command<P>::CMD ) {
 837                 const macho_segment_command<P>* segcmd = (macho_segment_command<P>*)cmd;
 838                 if (0 == strncmp(segname, segcmd->segname(), 16)) {
 839                     return segcmd;
 840               }
 841             }
 842             cmd = (macho_load_command<P>*)(((uint8_t*)cmd)+cmd->cmdsize());
 843         }
 844         return NULL;
 845     }
 846
 847     const macho_section<P>* getSection(const char *segname, const char *sectname) const
 848     {
 849        const  macho_segment_command<P>* segcmd = getSegment(segname);
 850         if (!segcmd) return NULL;
 851
 852         const macho_section<P>* sectcmd = (macho_section<P>*)(segcmd+1);
 853         uint32_t section_count = segcmd->nsects();
 854         for (uint32_t j = 0; j < section_count; ++j) {
 855             if (0 == ::strncmp(sectcmd[j].sectname(), sectname, 16)) {
 856                 return sectcmd+j;
 857             }
 858         }
 859
 860                 if (strcmp(segname, "__DATA") == 0)
 861                         return getSection("__DATA_CONST", sectname);
 862         return NULL;
 863     }
 864
 865     const macho_load_command<P>* getLoadCommand(int query) const
 866     {
 867         const macho_load_command<P>* cmds = (macho_load_command<P>*)((uint8_t*)this + sizeof(macho_header<P>));
 868         uint32_t cmd_count = this->ncmds();
 869         const macho_load_command<P>* cmd = cmds;
 870         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cmd_count; ++i) {
 871             if ( cmd->cmd() == query ) {
 872                 return cmd;
 873             }
 874             cmd = (macho_load_command<P>*)(((uint8_t*)cmd)+cmd->cmdsize());
 875         }
 876         return NULL;
 877     }
 878
 879         typedef typename P::E           E;
 880 private:
 881         macho_header_content<P> header;
 882 };
 883
 884
 885
 886 //
 887 // compressed dyld info load command
 888 //
 889 template <typename P>
 890 class macho_dyld_info_command {
 891 public:
 892         uint32_t                cmd() const                                     INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmd); }
 893         void                    set_cmd(uint32_t value)         INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmd, value); }
 894
 895         uint32_t                cmdsize() const                         INLINE { return E::get32(fields.cmdsize); }
 896         void                    set_cmdsize(uint32_t value)     INLINE { E::set32(fields.cmdsize, value); }
 897
 898         uint32_t                rebase_off() const                              INLINE { return E::get32(fields.rebase_off); }
 899         void                    set_rebase_off(uint32_t value)  INLINE { E::set32(fields.rebase_off, value);  }
 900
 901         uint32_t                rebase_size() const                             INLINE { return E::get32(fields.rebase_size); }
 902         void                    set_rebase_size(uint32_t value) INLINE { E::set32(fields.rebase_size, value);  }
 903
 904         uint32_t                bind_off() const                                INLINE { return E::get32(fields.bind_off); }
 905         void                    set_bind_off(uint32_t value)    INLINE { E::set32(fields.bind_off, value);  }
 906
 907         uint32_t                bind_size() const                               INLINE { return E::get32(fields.bind_size); }
 908         void                    set_bind_size(uint32_t value)   INLINE { E::set32(fields.bind_size, value);  }
 909
 910         uint32_t                weak_bind_off() const                           INLINE { return E::get32(fields.weak_bind_off); }
 911         void                    set_weak_bind_off(uint32_t value)       INLINE { E::set32(fields.weak_bind_off, value);  }
 912
 913         uint32_t                weak_bind_size() const                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields.weak_bind_size); }
 914         void                    set_weak_bind_size(uint32_t value)      INLINE { E::set32(fields.weak_bind_size, value);  }
 915
 916         uint32_t                lazy_bind_off() const                           INLINE { return E::get32(fields.lazy_bind_off); }
 917         void                    set_lazy_bind_off(uint32_t value)       INLINE { E::set32(fields.lazy_bind_off, value);  }
 918
 919         uint32_t                lazy_bind_size() const                          INLINE { return E::get32(fields.lazy_bind_size); }
 920         void                    set_lazy_bind_size(uint32_t value)      INLINE { E::set32(fields.lazy_bind_size, value);  }
 921
 922         uint32_t                export_off() const                              INLINE { return E::get32(fields.export_off); }
 923         void                    set_export_off(uint32_t value)  INLINE { E::set32(fields.export_off, value);  }
 924
 925         uint32_t                export_size() const                             INLINE { return E::get32(fields.export_size); }
 926         void                    set_export_size(uint32_t value) INLINE { E::set32(fields.export_size, value);  }
 927
 928
 929         typedef typename P::E           E;
 930 private:
 931         dyld_info_command       fields;
 932 };
 933
 934 #ifndef NO_ULEB
 935 inline uint64_t read_uleb128(const uint8_t*& p, const uint8_t* end) {
 936         uint64_t result = 0;
 937         int              bit = 0;
 938         do {
 939                 if (p == end)
 940                         throw "malformed uleb128 extends beyond trie";
 941
 942                 uint64_t slice = *p & 0x7f;
 943
 944                 if (bit >= 64 || slice << bit >> bit != slice)
 945                         throw "uleb128 too big for 64-bits";
 946                 else {
 947                         result |= (slice << bit);
 948                         bit += 7;
 949                 }
 950         }
 951         while (*p++ & 0x80);
 952         return result;
 953 }
 954
 955
 956 inline int64_t read_sleb128(const uint8_t*& p, const uint8_t* end)
 957 {
 958         int64_t result = 0;
 959         int bit = 0;
 960         uint8_t byte;
 961         do {
 962                 if (p == end)
 963                         throw "malformed sleb128";
 964                 byte = *p++;
 965                 result |= (((int64_t)(byte & 0x7f)) << bit);
 966                 bit += 7;
 967         } while (byte & 0x80);
 968         // sign extend negative numbers
 969         if ( (byte & 0x40) != 0 )
 970                 result |= (~0ULL) << bit;
 971         return result;
 972 }
 973
 974 #endif
 975
 976
 977 #endif  // __MACH_O_FILE_ABSTRACTION__
 978
 979