c++: fix several issues with locations

c++: fix several issues with locations

Reported by Daniel Frużyński.
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-bison/2013-02/msg00000.html

* data/location.cc (position::columns, position::lines): Check for
underflow.
Fix some weird function signatures.
(location): Accept signed integers as arguments where appropriate.
Add operator- and operator+=.
* doc/bison.texi (C++ position, C++ location): Various fixes
and completion.
* tests/c++.at (C++ Locations): New tests.