]> git.saurik.com Git - apple/xnu.git/blobdiff - iokit/Kernel/IODMACommand.cpp
xnu-6153.61.1.tar.gz
[apple/xnu.git] / iokit / Kernel / IODMACommand.cpp
index 66c178d5fb6387174a40196963d9dba42602dd60..24047b5425cec507db8df7df6e795d0ad0a278e8 100644 (file)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
- * 
+ *
  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
  * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
  * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
  * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
- * 
+ *
  * Please obtain a copy of the License at
  * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
- * 
+ *
  * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
  * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
  * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
  * limitations under the License.
- * 
+ *
  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
  */
 
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include <libkern/OSTypes.h>
 #include <libkern/OSByteOrder.h>
+#include <libkern/OSDebug.h>
 
 #include <IOKit/IOReturn.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOLib.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOBufferMemoryDescriptor.h>
 
 #include "IOKitKernelInternal.h"
-#include "IOCopyMapper.h"
-
-#define MAPTYPE(type)          ((UInt) (type) & kTypeMask)
-#define IS_MAPPED(type)                (MAPTYPE(type) == kMapped)
-#define IS_BYPASSED(type)      (MAPTYPE(type) == kBypassed)
-#define IS_NONCOHERENT(type)   (MAPTYPE(type) == kNonCoherent)
 
-enum 
-{
-    kWalkSyncIn       = 0x01,  // bounce -> md 
-    kWalkSyncOut      = 0x02,  // bounce <- md
-    kWalkSyncAlways   = 0x04,
-    kWalkPreflight    = 0x08,
-    kWalkDoubleBuffer = 0x10,
-    kWalkPrepare      = 0x20,
-    kWalkComplete     = 0x40,
-    kWalkClient       = 0x80
+#define MAPTYPE(type)           ((UInt) (type) & kTypeMask)
+#define IS_NONCOHERENT(type)    (MAPTYPE(type) == kNonCoherent)
+
+enum{
+       kWalkSyncIn       = 0x01,// bounce -> md
+       kWalkSyncOut      = 0x02,// bounce <- md
+       kWalkSyncAlways   = 0x04,
+       kWalkPreflight    = 0x08,
+       kWalkDoubleBuffer = 0x10,
+       kWalkPrepare      = 0x20,
+       kWalkComplete     = 0x40,
+       kWalkClient       = 0x80
 };
 
 
@@ -66,39 +63,38 @@ enum
 
 #if 1
 // no direction => OutIn
-#define SHOULD_COPY_DIR(op, direction)                                     \
-       ((kIODirectionNone == (direction))                                  \
-           || (kWalkSyncAlways & (op))                                     \
+#define SHOULD_COPY_DIR(op, direction)                                      \
+       ((kIODirectionNone == (direction))                                  \
+           || (kWalkSyncAlways & (op))                                     \
            || (((kWalkSyncIn & (op)) ? kIODirectionIn : kIODirectionOut)   \
-                                                   & (direction)))
+                                                   & (direction)))
 
 #else
 #define SHOULD_COPY_DIR(state, direction) (true)
 #endif
 
 #if 0
-#define DEBG(fmt, args...)     { kprintf(fmt, ## args); }
+#define DEBG(fmt, args...)      { IOLog(fmt, ## args); kprintf(fmt, ## args); }
 #else
-#define DEBG(fmt, args...)     {}
+#define DEBG(fmt, args...)      {}
 #endif
 
-
 /**************************** class IODMACommand ***************************/
 
 #undef super
-#define super OSObject
+#define super IOCommand
 OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(IODMACommand, IOCommand);
 
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand,  0);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand,  1);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand,  2);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand,  3);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand,  4);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand,  5);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand,  6);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand,  7);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand,  8);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand,  9);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand, 0);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand, 1);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand, 2);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand, 3);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand, 4);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand, 5);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IODMACommand, 6);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 7);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 8);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 9);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 10);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 11);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 12);
@@ -106,1094 +102,1391 @@ OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 13);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 14);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IODMACommand, 15);
 
+IODMACommand *
+IODMACommand::withRefCon(void * refCon)
+{
+       IODMACommand * me = new IODMACommand;
+
+       if (me && !me->initWithRefCon(refCon)) {
+               me->release();
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       return me;
+}
+
+IODMACommand *
+IODMACommand::withSpecification(SegmentFunction  outSegFunc,
+    const SegmentOptions * segmentOptions,
+    uint32_t               mappingOptions,
+    IOMapper             * mapper,
+    void                 * refCon)
+{
+       IODMACommand * me = new IODMACommand;
+
+       if (me && !me->initWithSpecification(outSegFunc, segmentOptions, mappingOptions,
+           mapper, refCon)) {
+               me->release();
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       return me;
+}
+
 IODMACommand *
 IODMACommand::withSpecification(SegmentFunction outSegFunc,
-                               UInt8           numAddressBits,
-                               UInt64          maxSegmentSize,
-                               MappingOptions  mappingOptions,
-                               UInt64          maxTransferSize,
-                               UInt32          alignment,
-                               IOMapper       *mapper,
-                               void           *refCon)
+    UInt8           numAddressBits,
+    UInt64          maxSegmentSize,
+    MappingOptions  mappingOptions,
+    UInt64          maxTransferSize,
+    UInt32          alignment,
+    IOMapper       *mapper,
+    void           *refCon)
 {
-    IODMACommand * me = new IODMACommand;
-
-    if (me && !me->initWithSpecification(outSegFunc,
-                                        numAddressBits, maxSegmentSize,
-                                        mappingOptions, maxTransferSize,
-                                        alignment,      mapper, refCon))
-    {
-        me->release();
-        return 0;
-    };
-
-    return me;
+       IODMACommand * me = new IODMACommand;
+
+       if (me && !me->initWithSpecification(outSegFunc,
+           numAddressBits, maxSegmentSize,
+           mappingOptions, maxTransferSize,
+           alignment, mapper, refCon)) {
+               me->release();
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       return me;
 }
 
 IODMACommand *
 IODMACommand::cloneCommand(void *refCon)
 {
-    return withSpecification(fOutSeg, fNumAddressBits, fMaxSegmentSize,
-           fMappingOptions, fMaxTransferSize, fAlignMask + 1, fMapper, refCon);
+       SegmentOptions segmentOptions =
+       {
+               .fStructSize                = sizeof(segmentOptions),
+               .fNumAddressBits            = (uint8_t)fNumAddressBits,
+               .fMaxSegmentSize            = fMaxSegmentSize,
+               .fMaxTransferSize           = fMaxTransferSize,
+               .fAlignment                 = fAlignMask + 1,
+               .fAlignmentLength           = fAlignMaskInternalSegments + 1,
+               .fAlignmentInternalSegments = fAlignMaskLength + 1
+       };
+
+       return IODMACommand::withSpecification(fOutSeg, &segmentOptions,
+                  fMappingOptions, fMapper, refCon);
 }
 
 #define kLastOutputFunction ((SegmentFunction) kLastOutputFunction)
 
+bool
+IODMACommand::initWithRefCon(void * refCon)
+{
+       if (!super::init()) {
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       if (!reserved) {
+               reserved = IONew(IODMACommandInternal, 1);
+               if (!reserved) {
+                       return false;
+               }
+       }
+       bzero(reserved, sizeof(IODMACommandInternal));
+       fRefCon = refCon;
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+bool
+IODMACommand::initWithSpecification(SegmentFunction        outSegFunc,
+    const SegmentOptions * segmentOptions,
+    uint32_t               mappingOptions,
+    IOMapper             * mapper,
+    void                 * refCon)
+{
+       if (!initWithRefCon(refCon)) {
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess != setSpecification(outSegFunc, segmentOptions,
+           mappingOptions, mapper)) {
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
+
 bool
 IODMACommand::initWithSpecification(SegmentFunction outSegFunc,
-                                   UInt8           numAddressBits,
-                                   UInt64          maxSegmentSize,
-                                   MappingOptions  mappingOptions,
-                                   UInt64          maxTransferSize,
-                                   UInt32          alignment,
-                                   IOMapper       *mapper,
-                                   void           *refCon)
+    UInt8           numAddressBits,
+    UInt64          maxSegmentSize,
+    MappingOptions  mappingOptions,
+    UInt64          maxTransferSize,
+    UInt32          alignment,
+    IOMapper       *mapper,
+    void           *refCon)
+{
+       SegmentOptions segmentOptions =
+       {
+               .fStructSize                = sizeof(segmentOptions),
+               .fNumAddressBits            = numAddressBits,
+               .fMaxSegmentSize            = maxSegmentSize,
+               .fMaxTransferSize           = maxTransferSize,
+               .fAlignment                 = alignment,
+               .fAlignmentLength           = 1,
+               .fAlignmentInternalSegments = alignment
+       };
+
+       return initWithSpecification(outSegFunc, &segmentOptions, mappingOptions, mapper, refCon);
+}
+
+IOReturn
+IODMACommand::setSpecification(SegmentFunction        outSegFunc,
+    const SegmentOptions * segmentOptions,
+    uint32_t               mappingOptions,
+    IOMapper             * mapper)
 {
-    if (!super::init() || !outSegFunc || !numAddressBits)
-        return false;
-
-    bool is32Bit = (OutputHost32   == outSegFunc || OutputBig32 == outSegFunc
-                 || OutputLittle32 == outSegFunc);
-    if (is32Bit)
-    {
-       if (!numAddressBits)
-           numAddressBits = 32;
-       else if (numAddressBits > 32)
-           return false;               // Wrong output function for bits
-    }
-
-    if (numAddressBits && (numAddressBits < PAGE_SHIFT))
-       return false;
-
-    if (!maxSegmentSize)
-       maxSegmentSize--;       // Set Max segment to -1
-    if (!maxTransferSize)
-       maxTransferSize--;      // Set Max transfer to -1
-
-    if (!mapper)
-    {
-        IOMapper::checkForSystemMapper();
-       mapper = IOMapper::gSystem;
-    }
-
-    fNumSegments     = 0;
-    fBypassMask      = 0;
-    fOutSeg         = outSegFunc;
-    fNumAddressBits  = numAddressBits;
-    fMaxSegmentSize  = maxSegmentSize;
-    fMappingOptions  = mappingOptions;
-    fMaxTransferSize = maxTransferSize;
-    if (!alignment)
-       alignment = 1;
-    fAlignMask      = alignment - 1;
-    fMapper          = mapper;
-    fRefCon          = refCon;
-
-    switch (MAPTYPE(mappingOptions))
-    {
-    case kMapped:                   break;
-    case kNonCoherent: fMapper = 0; break;
-    case kBypassed:
-       if (mapper && !mapper->getBypassMask(&fBypassMask))
-           return false;
-       break;
-    default:
-       return false;
-    };
-
-    if (fMapper)
-       fMapper->retain();
-
-    reserved = IONew(IODMACommandInternal, 1);
-    if (!reserved)
-       return false;
-    bzero(reserved, sizeof(IODMACommandInternal));
-
-    fInternalState->fIterateOnly = (0 != (kIterateOnly & mappingOptions));
-    
-    return true;
+       IOService * device = NULL;
+       UInt8       numAddressBits;
+       UInt64      maxSegmentSize;
+       UInt64      maxTransferSize;
+       UInt32      alignment;
+
+       bool        is32Bit;
+
+       if (!outSegFunc || !segmentOptions) {
+               return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+       }
+
+       is32Bit = ((OutputHost32 == outSegFunc)
+           || (OutputBig32 == outSegFunc)
+           || (OutputLittle32 == outSegFunc));
+
+       numAddressBits = segmentOptions->fNumAddressBits;
+       maxSegmentSize = segmentOptions->fMaxSegmentSize;
+       maxTransferSize = segmentOptions->fMaxTransferSize;
+       alignment = segmentOptions->fAlignment;
+       if (is32Bit) {
+               if (!numAddressBits) {
+                       numAddressBits = 32;
+               } else if (numAddressBits > 32) {
+                       return kIOReturnBadArgument;  // Wrong output function for bits
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (numAddressBits && (numAddressBits < PAGE_SHIFT)) {
+               return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+       }
+
+       if (!maxSegmentSize) {
+               maxSegmentSize--;               // Set Max segment to -1
+       }
+       if (!maxTransferSize) {
+               maxTransferSize--;              // Set Max transfer to -1
+       }
+       if (mapper && !OSDynamicCast(IOMapper, mapper)) {
+               device = mapper;
+               mapper = NULL;
+       }
+       if (!mapper && (kUnmapped != MAPTYPE(mappingOptions))) {
+               IOMapper::checkForSystemMapper();
+               mapper = IOMapper::gSystem;
+       }
+
+       fNumSegments     = 0;
+       fOutSeg          = outSegFunc;
+       fNumAddressBits  = numAddressBits;
+       fMaxSegmentSize  = maxSegmentSize;
+       fMappingOptions  = mappingOptions;
+       fMaxTransferSize = maxTransferSize;
+       if (!alignment) {
+               alignment = 1;
+       }
+       fAlignMask       = alignment - 1;
+
+       alignment = segmentOptions->fAlignmentLength;
+       if (!alignment) {
+               alignment = 1;
+       }
+       fAlignMaskLength = alignment - 1;
+
+       alignment = segmentOptions->fAlignmentInternalSegments;
+       if (!alignment) {
+               alignment = (fAlignMask + 1);
+       }
+       fAlignMaskInternalSegments = alignment - 1;
+
+       switch (MAPTYPE(mappingOptions)) {
+       case kMapped:       break;
+       case kUnmapped:     break;
+       case kNonCoherent:  break;
+
+       case kBypassed:
+               if (!mapper) {
+                       break;
+               }
+               return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+
+       default:
+               return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+       }
+       ;
+
+       if (mapper != fMapper) {
+               if (mapper) {
+                       mapper->retain();
+               }
+               if (fMapper) {
+                       fMapper->release();
+               }
+               fMapper = mapper;
+       }
+
+       fInternalState->fIterateOnly = (0 != (kIterateOnly & mappingOptions));
+       fInternalState->fDevice = device;
+
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
 }
 
 void
 IODMACommand::free()
 {
-    if (reserved)
-       IODelete(reserved, IODMACommandInternal, 1);
+       if (reserved) {
+               IODelete(reserved, IODMACommandInternal, 1);
+       }
 
-    if (fMapper)
-       fMapper->release();
+       if (fMapper) {
+               fMapper->release();
+       }
 
-    super::free();
+       super::free();
 }
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::setMemoryDescriptor(const IOMemoryDescriptor *mem, bool autoPrepare)
 {
-    if (mem == fMemory)
-    {
-       if (!autoPrepare)
-       {
-           while (fActive)
-               complete();
+       IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+
+       if (mem == fMemory) {
+               if (!autoPrepare) {
+                       while (fActive) {
+                               complete();
+                       }
+               }
+               return kIOReturnSuccess;
        }
-       return kIOReturnSuccess;
-    }
-
-    if (fMemory) {
-       // As we are almost certainly being called from a work loop thread
-       // if fActive is true it is probably not a good time to potentially
-       // block.  Just test for it and return an error
-       if (fActive)
-           return kIOReturnBusy;
-       clearMemoryDescriptor();
-    };
-
-    if (mem) {
-       bzero(&fMDSummary, sizeof(fMDSummary));
-       IOReturn rtn = mem->dmaCommandOperation(
-               kIOMDGetCharacteristics,
-               &fMDSummary, sizeof(fMDSummary));
-       if (rtn)
-           return rtn;
-
-       ppnum_t highPage = fMDSummary.fHighestPage ? fMDSummary.fHighestPage : gIOLastPage;
-
-       if ((kMapped == MAPTYPE(fMappingOptions))
-           && fMapper 
-           && (!fNumAddressBits || (fNumAddressBits >= 31)))
-           // assuming mapped space is 2G
-           fInternalState->fCheckAddressing = false;
-       else
-           fInternalState->fCheckAddressing = (fNumAddressBits && (highPage >= (1UL << (fNumAddressBits - PAGE_SHIFT))));
-
-       fInternalState->fNewMD = true;
-       mem->retain();
-       fMemory = mem;
-
-       mem->dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDSetDMAActive, this, 0);
-       if (autoPrepare)
-           return prepare();
-    };
-
-    return kIOReturnSuccess;
+
+       if (fMemory) {
+               // As we are almost certainly being called from a work loop thread
+               // if fActive is true it is probably not a good time to potentially
+               // block.  Just test for it and return an error
+               if (fActive) {
+                       return kIOReturnBusy;
+               }
+               clearMemoryDescriptor();
+       }
+
+       if (mem) {
+               bzero(&fMDSummary, sizeof(fMDSummary));
+               err = mem->dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDGetCharacteristics | (kMapped == MAPTYPE(fMappingOptions)),
+                   &fMDSummary, sizeof(fMDSummary));
+               if (err) {
+                       return err;
+               }
+
+               ppnum_t highPage = fMDSummary.fHighestPage ? fMDSummary.fHighestPage : gIOLastPage;
+
+               if ((kMapped == MAPTYPE(fMappingOptions))
+                   && fMapper) {
+                       fInternalState->fCheckAddressing = false;
+               } else {
+                       fInternalState->fCheckAddressing = (fNumAddressBits && (highPage >= (1UL << (fNumAddressBits - PAGE_SHIFT))));
+               }
+
+               fInternalState->fNewMD = true;
+               mem->retain();
+               fMemory = mem;
+               fInternalState->fSetActiveNoMapper = (!fMapper);
+               if (fInternalState->fSetActiveNoMapper) {
+                       mem->dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDSetDMAActive, this, 0);
+               }
+               if (autoPrepare) {
+                       err = prepare();
+                       if (err) {
+                               clearMemoryDescriptor();
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       return err;
 }
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::clearMemoryDescriptor(bool autoComplete)
 {
-    if (fActive && !autoComplete)
-       return (kIOReturnNotReady);
-
-    if (fMemory) {
-       while (fActive)
-           complete();
-       fMemory->dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDSetDMAInactive, this, 0);
-       fMemory->release();
-       fMemory = 0;
-    }
-
-    return (kIOReturnSuccess);
+       if (fActive && !autoComplete) {
+               return kIOReturnNotReady;
+       }
+
+       if (fMemory) {
+               while (fActive) {
+                       complete();
+               }
+               if (fInternalState->fSetActiveNoMapper) {
+                       fMemory->dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDSetDMAInactive, this, 0);
+               }
+               fMemory->release();
+               fMemory = NULL;
+       }
+
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
 }
 
 const IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IODMACommand::getMemoryDescriptor() const
 {
-    return fMemory;
+       return fMemory;
 }
 
+IOMemoryDescriptor *
+IODMACommand::getIOMemoryDescriptor() const
+{
+       IOMemoryDescriptor * mem;
+
+       mem = reserved->fCopyMD;
+       if (!mem) {
+               mem = __IODEQUALIFY(IOMemoryDescriptor *, fMemory);
+       }
+
+       return mem;
+}
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::segmentOp(
-                       void         *reference,
-                       IODMACommand *target,
-                       Segment64     segment,
-                       void         *segments,
-                       UInt32        segmentIndex)
+       void         *reference,
+       IODMACommand *target,
+       Segment64     segment,
+       void         *segments,
+       UInt32        segmentIndex)
 {
-    IOOptionBits op = (uintptr_t) reference;
-    addr64_t     maxPhys, address;
-    addr64_t     remapAddr = 0;
-    uint64_t     length;
-    uint32_t     numPages;
-
-    IODMACommandInternal * state = target->reserved;
-
-    if (target->fNumAddressBits && (target->fNumAddressBits < 64) && !state->fLocalMapper)
-       maxPhys = (1ULL << target->fNumAddressBits);
-    else
-       maxPhys = 0;
-    maxPhys--;
-
-    address = segment.fIOVMAddr;
-    length = segment.fLength;
-
-    assert(address);
-    assert(length);
-
-    if (!state->fMisaligned)
-    {
-       state->fMisaligned |= (0 != (state->fSourceAlignMask & address));
-       if (state->fMisaligned) DEBG("misaligned %qx:%qx, %lx\n", address, length, state->fSourceAlignMask);
-    }
-
-    if (state->fMisaligned && (kWalkPreflight & op))
-       return (kIOReturnNotAligned);
-
-    if (!state->fDoubleBuffer)
-    {
-       if ((address + length - 1) <= maxPhys)
-       {
-           length = 0;
+       IOOptionBits op = (uintptr_t) reference;
+       addr64_t     maxPhys, address;
+       uint64_t     length;
+       uint32_t     numPages;
+       uint32_t     mask;
+
+       IODMACommandInternal * state = target->reserved;
+
+       if (target->fNumAddressBits && (target->fNumAddressBits < 64) && (state->fLocalMapperAllocValid || !target->fMapper)) {
+               maxPhys = (1ULL << target->fNumAddressBits);
+       } else {
+               maxPhys = 0;
        }
-       else if (address <= maxPhys)
-       {
-           DEBG("tail %qx, %qx", address, length);
-           length = (address + length - maxPhys - 1);
-           address = maxPhys + 1;
-           DEBG("-> %qx, %qx\n", address, length);
-       }
-    }
-
-    if (!length)
-       return (kIOReturnSuccess);
-
-    numPages = atop_64(round_page_64(length));
-    remapAddr = state->fCopyNext;
-
-    if (kWalkPreflight & op)
-    {
-       state->fCopyPageCount += numPages;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-       if (kWalkPrepare & op)
-       {
-           for (IOItemCount idx = 0; idx < numPages; idx++)
-               gIOCopyMapper->iovmInsert(atop_64(remapAddr), idx, atop_64(address) + idx);
+       maxPhys--;
+
+       address = segment.fIOVMAddr;
+       length = segment.fLength;
+
+       assert(length);
+
+       if (!state->fMisaligned) {
+               mask = (segmentIndex ? target->fAlignMaskInternalSegments : state->fSourceAlignMask);
+               state->fMisaligned |= (0 != (mask & address));
+               if (state->fMisaligned) {
+                       DEBG("misaligned address %qx:%qx, %x\n", address, length, mask);
+               }
        }
-       if (state->fDoubleBuffer)
-           state->fCopyNext += length;
-       else
-       {
-           state->fCopyNext += round_page(length);
-           remapAddr += (address & PAGE_MASK);
+       if (!state->fMisaligned) {
+               mask = target->fAlignMaskLength;
+               state->fMisaligned |= (0 != (mask & length));
+               if (state->fMisaligned) {
+                       DEBG("misaligned length %qx:%qx, %x\n", address, length, mask);
+               }
        }
 
-       if (SHOULD_COPY_DIR(op, target->fMDSummary.fDirection))
-       {
-           DEBG("cpv: 0x%qx %s 0x%qx, 0x%qx, 0x%02lx\n", remapAddr, 
-                       (kWalkSyncIn & op) ? "->" : "<-", 
-                       address, length, op);
-           if (kWalkSyncIn & op)
-           { // cppvNoModSnk
-               copypv(remapAddr, address, length,
-                               cppvPsnk | cppvFsnk | cppvPsrc | cppvNoRefSrc );
-           }
-           else
-           {
-               copypv(address, remapAddr, length,
-                               cppvPsnk | cppvFsnk | cppvPsrc | cppvNoRefSrc );
-           }
-       }
-    }
-
-    return kIOReturnSuccess;
+       if (state->fMisaligned && (kWalkPreflight & op)) {
+               return kIOReturnNotAligned;
+       }
+
+       if (!state->fDoubleBuffer) {
+               if ((address + length - 1) <= maxPhys) {
+                       length = 0;
+               } else if (address <= maxPhys) {
+                       DEBG("tail %qx, %qx", address, length);
+                       length = (address + length - maxPhys - 1);
+                       address = maxPhys + 1;
+                       DEBG("-> %qx, %qx\n", address, length);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (!length) {
+               return kIOReturnSuccess;
+       }
+
+       numPages = atop_64(round_page_64((address & PAGE_MASK) + length));
+
+       if (kWalkPreflight & op) {
+               state->fCopyPageCount += numPages;
+       } else {
+               vm_page_t lastPage;
+               lastPage = NULL;
+               if (kWalkPrepare & op) {
+                       lastPage = state->fCopyNext;
+                       for (IOItemCount idx = 0; idx < numPages; idx++) {
+                               vm_page_set_offset(lastPage, atop_64(address) + idx);
+                               lastPage = vm_page_get_next(lastPage);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (!lastPage || SHOULD_COPY_DIR(op, target->fMDSummary.fDirection)) {
+                       lastPage = state->fCopyNext;
+                       for (IOItemCount idx = 0; idx < numPages; idx++) {
+                               if (SHOULD_COPY_DIR(op, target->fMDSummary.fDirection)) {
+                                       addr64_t cpuAddr = address;
+                                       addr64_t remapAddr;
+                                       uint64_t chunk;
+
+                                       if ((kMapped == MAPTYPE(target->fMappingOptions))
+                                           && target->fMapper) {
+                                               cpuAddr = target->fMapper->mapToPhysicalAddress(address);
+                                       }
+
+                                       remapAddr = ptoa_64(vm_page_get_phys_page(lastPage));
+                                       if (!state->fDoubleBuffer) {
+                                               remapAddr += (address & PAGE_MASK);
+                                       }
+                                       chunk = PAGE_SIZE - (address & PAGE_MASK);
+                                       if (chunk > length) {
+                                               chunk = length;
+                                       }
+
+                                       DEBG("cpv: 0x%qx %s 0x%qx, 0x%qx, 0x%02lx\n", remapAddr,
+                                           (kWalkSyncIn & op) ? "->" : "<-",
+                                           address, chunk, op);
+
+                                       if (kWalkSyncIn & op) { // cppvNoModSnk
+                                               copypv(remapAddr, cpuAddr, chunk,
+                                                   cppvPsnk | cppvFsnk | cppvPsrc | cppvNoRefSrc );
+                                       } else {
+                                               copypv(cpuAddr, remapAddr, chunk,
+                                                   cppvPsnk | cppvFsnk | cppvPsrc | cppvNoRefSrc );
+                                       }
+                                       address += chunk;
+                                       length -= chunk;
+                               }
+                               lastPage = vm_page_get_next(lastPage);
+                       }
+               }
+               state->fCopyNext = lastPage;
+       }
+
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
+}
+
+IOBufferMemoryDescriptor *
+IODMACommand::createCopyBuffer(IODirection direction, UInt64 length)
+{
+       mach_vm_address_t mask = 0xFFFFF000;    //state->fSourceAlignMask
+       return IOBufferMemoryDescriptor::inTaskWithPhysicalMask(kernel_task,
+                  direction, length, mask);
 }
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::walkAll(UInt8 op)
 {
-    IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
-
-    IOReturn     ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    UInt32       numSegments;
-    UInt64       offset;
-
-    if (kWalkPreflight & op)
-    {
-       state->fMapContig      = false;
-       state->fMisaligned     = false;
-       state->fDoubleBuffer   = false;
-       state->fPrepared       = false;
-       state->fCopyNext       = 0;
-       state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc  = 0;
-       state->fLocalMapperPageAlloc = 0;
-       state->fCopyPageCount  = 0;
-       state->fNextRemapIndex = 0;
-       state->fCopyMD         = 0;
-
-       if (!(kWalkDoubleBuffer & op))
-       {
-           offset = 0;
-           numSegments = 0-1;
-           ret = genIOVMSegments(op, segmentOp, (void *) op, &offset, state, &numSegments);
-       }
-
-       op &= ~kWalkPreflight;
+       IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
+
+       IOReturn     ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
+       UInt32       numSegments;
+       UInt64       offset;
+
+       if (kWalkPreflight & op) {
+               state->fMisaligned     = false;
+               state->fDoubleBuffer   = false;
+               state->fPrepared       = false;
+               state->fCopyNext       = NULL;
+               state->fCopyPageAlloc  = NULL;
+               state->fCopyPageCount  = 0;
+               state->fNextRemapPage  = NULL;
+               state->fCopyMD         = NULL;
+
+               if (!(kWalkDoubleBuffer & op)) {
+                       offset = 0;
+                       numSegments = 0 - 1;
+                       ret = genIOVMSegments(op, segmentOp, (void *)(uintptr_t) op, &offset, state, &numSegments);
+               }
 
-       state->fDoubleBuffer = (state->fMisaligned || (kWalkDoubleBuffer & op));
-       if (state->fDoubleBuffer)
-           state->fCopyPageCount = atop_64(round_page(state->fPreparedLength));
+               op &= ~kWalkPreflight;
 
-       if (state->fCopyPageCount)
-       {
-           IOMapper * mapper;
-           ppnum_t    mapBase = 0;
-
-           DEBG("preflight fCopyPageCount %d\n", state->fCopyPageCount);
-
-           mapper = gIOCopyMapper;
-           if (mapper)
-               mapBase = mapper->iovmAlloc(state->fCopyPageCount);
-           if (mapBase)
-           {
-               state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc = mapBase;
-               if (state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc && state->fDoubleBuffer)
-               {
-                   DEBG("contig copy map\n");
-                   state->fMapContig = true;
+               state->fDoubleBuffer = (state->fMisaligned || state->fForceDoubleBuffer);
+               state->fForceDoubleBuffer = false;
+               if (state->fDoubleBuffer) {
+                       state->fCopyPageCount = atop_64(round_page(state->fPreparedLength));
                }
 
-               state->fCopyNext = ptoa_64(state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc);
-               offset = 0;
-               numSegments = 0-1;
-               ret = genIOVMSegments(op, segmentOp, (void *) op, &offset, state, &numSegments);
-               state->fPrepared = true;
-               op &= ~(kWalkSyncIn | kWalkSyncOut);
-           }
-           else
-           {
-               DEBG("alloc IOBMD\n");
-               state->fCopyMD = IOBufferMemoryDescriptor::withOptions(
-                                   fMDSummary.fDirection, state->fPreparedLength, state->fSourceAlignMask);
-
-               if (state->fCopyMD)
-               {
-                   ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
-                   state->fPrepared = true;
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                   DEBG("IODMACommand !iovmAlloc");
-                   return (kIOReturnNoResources);
+               if (state->fCopyPageCount) {
+                       vm_page_t mapBase = NULL;
+
+                       DEBG("preflight fCopyPageCount %d\n", state->fCopyPageCount);
+
+                       if (!fMapper && !state->fDoubleBuffer) {
+                               kern_return_t kr;
+
+                               if (fMapper) {
+                                       panic("fMapper copying");
+                               }
+
+                               kr = vm_page_alloc_list(state->fCopyPageCount,
+                                   KMA_LOMEM | KMA_NOPAGEWAIT, &mapBase);
+                               if (KERN_SUCCESS != kr) {
+                                       DEBG("vm_page_alloc_list(%d) failed (%d)\n", state->fCopyPageCount, kr);
+                                       mapBase = NULL;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (mapBase) {
+                               state->fCopyPageAlloc = mapBase;
+                               state->fCopyNext = state->fCopyPageAlloc;
+                               offset = 0;
+                               numSegments = 0 - 1;
+                               ret = genIOVMSegments(op, segmentOp, (void *)(uintptr_t) op, &offset, state, &numSegments);
+                               state->fPrepared = true;
+                               op &= ~(kWalkSyncIn | kWalkSyncOut);
+                       } else {
+                               DEBG("alloc IOBMD\n");
+                               state->fCopyMD = createCopyBuffer(fMDSummary.fDirection, state->fPreparedLength);
+
+                               if (state->fCopyMD) {
+                                       ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
+                                       state->fPrepared = true;
+                               } else {
+                                       DEBG("IODMACommand !alloc IOBMD");
+                                       return kIOReturnNoResources;
+                               }
+                       }
                }
-           }
        }
 
-       if (state->fLocalMapper)
-       {
-           state->fLocalMapperPageCount = atop_64(round_page(
-                   state->fPreparedLength + ((state->fPreparedOffset + fMDSummary.fPageAlign) & page_mask)));
-           state->fLocalMapperPageAlloc = fMapper->iovmAllocDMACommand(this, state->fLocalMapperPageCount);
-           state->fMapContig = true;
-       }
-    }
+       if (state->fPrepared && ((kWalkSyncIn | kWalkSyncOut) & op)) {
+               if (state->fCopyPageCount) {
+                       DEBG("sync fCopyPageCount %d\n", state->fCopyPageCount);
 
-    if (state->fPrepared && ((kWalkSyncIn | kWalkSyncOut) & op))
-    {
-       if (state->fCopyPageCount)
-       {
-           DEBG("sync fCopyPageCount %d\n", state->fCopyPageCount);
-
-           if (state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc)
-           {
-               state->fCopyNext = ptoa_64(state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc);
-               offset = 0;
-               numSegments = 0-1;
-               ret = genIOVMSegments(op, segmentOp, (void *) op, &offset, state, &numSegments);
-           }
-           else if (state->fCopyMD)
-           {
-               DEBG("sync IOBMD\n");
-
-               if (SHOULD_COPY_DIR(op, fMDSummary.fDirection))
-               {
-                   IOMemoryDescriptor *poMD = const_cast<IOMemoryDescriptor *>(fMemory);
-
-                   IOByteCount bytes;
-                   
-                   if (kWalkSyncIn & op)
-                       bytes = poMD->writeBytes(state->fPreparedOffset, 
+                       if (state->fCopyPageAlloc) {
+                               state->fCopyNext = state->fCopyPageAlloc;
+                               offset = 0;
+                               numSegments = 0 - 1;
+                               ret = genIOVMSegments(op, segmentOp, (void *)(uintptr_t) op, &offset, state, &numSegments);
+                       } else if (state->fCopyMD) {
+                               DEBG("sync IOBMD\n");
+
+                               if (SHOULD_COPY_DIR(op, fMDSummary.fDirection)) {
+                                       IOMemoryDescriptor *poMD = const_cast<IOMemoryDescriptor *>(fMemory);
+
+                                       IOByteCount bytes;
+
+                                       if (kWalkSyncIn & op) {
+                                               bytes = poMD->writeBytes(state->fPreparedOffset,
                                                    state->fCopyMD->getBytesNoCopy(),
                                                    state->fPreparedLength);
-                   else
-                       bytes = poMD->readBytes(state->fPreparedOffset, 
+                                       } else {
+                                               bytes = poMD->readBytes(state->fPreparedOffset,
                                                    state->fCopyMD->getBytesNoCopy(),
                                                    state->fPreparedLength);
-                   DEBG("fCopyMD %s %lx bytes\n", (kWalkSyncIn & op) ? "wrote" : "read", bytes);
-                   ret = (bytes == state->fPreparedLength) ? kIOReturnSuccess : kIOReturnUnderrun;
+                                       }
+                                       DEBG("fCopyMD %s %lx bytes\n", (kWalkSyncIn & op) ? "wrote" : "read", bytes);
+                                       ret = (bytes == state->fPreparedLength) ? kIOReturnSuccess : kIOReturnUnderrun;
+                               } else {
+                                       ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
+                               }
+                       }
                }
-               else
-                   ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
-           }
-       }
-    }
-
-    if (kWalkComplete & op)
-    {
-       if (state->fLocalMapperPageAlloc)
-       {
-           fMapper->iovmFreeDMACommand(this, state->fLocalMapperPageAlloc, state->fLocalMapperPageCount);
-           state->fLocalMapperPageAlloc = 0;
-           state->fLocalMapperPageCount = 0;
-       }
-       if (state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc)
-       {
-           gIOCopyMapper->iovmFree(state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc, state->fCopyPageCount);
-           state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc = 0;
-           state->fCopyPageCount = 0;
-       }
-       if (state->fCopyMD)
-       {
-           state->fCopyMD->release();
-           state->fCopyMD = 0;
        }
 
-       state->fPrepared = false;
-    }
-    return (ret);
+       if (kWalkComplete & op) {
+               if (state->fCopyPageAlloc) {
+                       vm_page_free_list(state->fCopyPageAlloc, FALSE);
+                       state->fCopyPageAlloc = NULL;
+                       state->fCopyPageCount = 0;
+               }
+               if (state->fCopyMD) {
+                       state->fCopyMD->release();
+                       state->fCopyMD = NULL;
+               }
+
+               state->fPrepared = false;
+       }
+       return ret;
 }
 
 UInt8
 IODMACommand::getNumAddressBits(void)
 {
-    return (fNumAddressBits);
+       return fNumAddressBits;
 }
 
 UInt32
 IODMACommand::getAlignment(void)
 {
-    return (fAlignMask + 1);
+       return fAlignMask + 1;
+}
+
+uint32_t
+IODMACommand::getAlignmentLength(void)
+{
+       return fAlignMaskLength + 1;
+}
+
+uint32_t
+IODMACommand::getAlignmentInternalSegments(void)
+{
+       return fAlignMaskInternalSegments + 1;
+}
+
+IOReturn
+IODMACommand::prepareWithSpecification(SegmentFunction        outSegFunc,
+    const SegmentOptions * segmentOptions,
+    uint32_t               mappingOptions,
+    IOMapper             * mapper,
+    UInt64                 offset,
+    UInt64                 length,
+    bool                   flushCache,
+    bool                   synchronize)
+{
+       IOReturn ret;
+
+       if (fActive) {
+               return kIOReturnNotPermitted;
+       }
+
+       ret = setSpecification(outSegFunc, segmentOptions, mappingOptions, mapper);
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess != ret) {
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       ret = prepare(offset, length, flushCache, synchronize);
+
+       return ret;
 }
 
 IOReturn
-IODMACommand::prepareWithSpecification(SegmentFunction outSegFunc,
-                                      UInt8            numAddressBits,
-                                      UInt64           maxSegmentSize,
-                                      MappingOptions   mappingOptions,
-                                      UInt64           maxTransferSize,
-                                      UInt32           alignment,
-                                      IOMapper         *mapper,
-                                      UInt64           offset,
-                                      UInt64           length,
-                                      bool             flushCache,
-                                      bool             synchronize)
+IODMACommand::prepareWithSpecification(SegmentFunction  outSegFunc,
+    UInt8            numAddressBits,
+    UInt64           maxSegmentSize,
+    MappingOptions   mappingOptions,
+    UInt64           maxTransferSize,
+    UInt32           alignment,
+    IOMapper         *mapper,
+    UInt64           offset,
+    UInt64           length,
+    bool             flushCache,
+    bool             synchronize)
 {
-    if (fActive)
-        return kIOReturnNotPermitted;
-
-    if (!outSegFunc || !numAddressBits)
-        return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-
-    bool is32Bit = (OutputHost32   == outSegFunc || OutputBig32 == outSegFunc
-                 || OutputLittle32 == outSegFunc);
-    if (is32Bit)
-    {
-       if (!numAddressBits)
-           numAddressBits = 32;
-       else if (numAddressBits > 32)
-           return kIOReturnBadArgument;                // Wrong output function for bits
-    }
-
-    if (numAddressBits && (numAddressBits < PAGE_SHIFT))
-       return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-
-    if (!maxSegmentSize)
-       maxSegmentSize--;       // Set Max segment to -1
-    if (!maxTransferSize)
-       maxTransferSize--;      // Set Max transfer to -1
-
-    if (!mapper)
-    {
-        IOMapper::checkForSystemMapper();
-       mapper = IOMapper::gSystem;
-    }
-
-    switch (MAPTYPE(mappingOptions))
-    {
-    case kMapped:                   break;
-    case kNonCoherent: fMapper = 0; break;
-    case kBypassed:
-       if (mapper && !mapper->getBypassMask(&fBypassMask))
-           return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-       break;
-    default:
-       return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-    };
-
-    fNumSegments     = 0;
-    fBypassMask      = 0;
-    fOutSeg         = outSegFunc;
-    fNumAddressBits  = numAddressBits;
-    fMaxSegmentSize  = maxSegmentSize;
-    fMappingOptions  = mappingOptions;
-    fMaxTransferSize = maxTransferSize;
-    if (!alignment)
-       alignment = 1;
-    fAlignMask      = alignment - 1;
-    if (mapper != fMapper)
-    {
-       mapper->retain();
-       fMapper->release();
-       fMapper = mapper;
-    }
-
-    fInternalState->fIterateOnly = (0 != (kIterateOnly & mappingOptions));
-
-    return prepare(offset, length, flushCache, synchronize);
+       SegmentOptions segmentOptions =
+       {
+               .fStructSize                = sizeof(segmentOptions),
+               .fNumAddressBits            = numAddressBits,
+               .fMaxSegmentSize            = maxSegmentSize,
+               .fMaxTransferSize           = maxTransferSize,
+               .fAlignment                 = alignment,
+               .fAlignmentLength           = 1,
+               .fAlignmentInternalSegments = alignment
+       };
+
+       return prepareWithSpecification(outSegFunc, &segmentOptions, mappingOptions, mapper,
+                  offset, length, flushCache, synchronize);
 }
 
 
-IOReturn 
+IOReturn
 IODMACommand::prepare(UInt64 offset, UInt64 length, bool flushCache, bool synchronize)
 {
-    IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
-    IOReturn               ret   = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    MappingOptions mappingOptions    = fMappingOptions;
-
-    if (!length)
-       length = fMDSummary.fLength;
-
-    if (length > fMaxTransferSize)
-       return kIOReturnNoSpace;
-
-    if (IS_NONCOHERENT(mappingOptions) && flushCache) {
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *poMD = const_cast<IOMemoryDescriptor *>(fMemory);
-
-       poMD->performOperation(kIOMemoryIncoherentIOStore, offset, length);
-    }
-    if (fActive++)
-    {
-       if ((state->fPreparedOffset != offset)
-         || (state->fPreparedLength != length))
-       ret = kIOReturnNotReady;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-       state->fPreparedOffset = offset;
-       state->fPreparedLength = length;
-
-       state->fMapContig      = false;
-       state->fMisaligned     = false;
-       state->fDoubleBuffer   = false;
-       state->fPrepared       = false;
-       state->fCopyNext       = 0;
-       state->fCopyMapperPageAlloc = 0;
-       state->fCopyPageCount  = 0;
-       state->fNextRemapIndex = 0;
-       state->fCopyMD         = 0;
-       state->fLocalMapperPageAlloc = 0;
-       state->fLocalMapperPageCount = 0;
-
-       state->fLocalMapper    = (fMapper && (fMapper != IOMapper::gSystem));
-
-       state->fSourceAlignMask = fAlignMask;
-       if (state->fLocalMapper)
-           state->fSourceAlignMask &= page_mask;
-       
-       state->fCursor = state->fIterateOnly
-                       || (!state->fCheckAddressing
-                           && !state->fLocalMapper
-                           && (!state->fSourceAlignMask
-                               || ((fMDSummary.fPageAlign & (1 << 31)) && (0 == (fMDSummary.fPageAlign & state->fSourceAlignMask)))));
-       
-       if (!state->fCursor)
-       {
-           IOOptionBits op = kWalkPrepare | kWalkPreflight;
-           if (synchronize)
-               op |= kWalkSyncOut;
-           ret = walkAll(op);
-       }
-       if (kIOReturnSuccess == ret)
-           state->fPrepared = true;
-    }
-    return ret;
+       IODMACommandInternal *  state = fInternalState;
+       IOReturn                  ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
+       uint32_t       mappingOptions = fMappingOptions;
+
+       // check specification has been set
+       if (!fOutSeg) {
+               return kIOReturnNotReady;
+       }
+
+       if (!length) {
+               length = fMDSummary.fLength;
+       }
+
+       if (length > fMaxTransferSize) {
+               return kIOReturnNoSpace;
+       }
+
+       if (fActive++) {
+               if ((state->fPreparedOffset != offset)
+                   || (state->fPreparedLength != length)) {
+                       ret = kIOReturnNotReady;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if (fAlignMaskLength & length) {
+                       return kIOReturnNotAligned;
+               }
+
+               state->fPreparedOffset = offset;
+               state->fPreparedLength = length;
+
+               state->fMapContig      = false;
+               state->fMisaligned     = false;
+               state->fDoubleBuffer   = false;
+               state->fPrepared       = false;
+               state->fCopyNext       = NULL;
+               state->fCopyPageAlloc  = NULL;
+               state->fCopyPageCount  = 0;
+               state->fNextRemapPage  = NULL;
+               state->fCopyMD         = NULL;
+               state->fLocalMapperAlloc       = 0;
+               state->fLocalMapperAllocValid  = false;
+               state->fLocalMapperAllocLength = 0;
+
+               state->fSourceAlignMask = fAlignMask;
+               if (fMapper) {
+                       state->fSourceAlignMask &= page_mask;
+               }
+
+               state->fCursor = state->fIterateOnly
+                   || (!state->fCheckAddressing
+                   && (!state->fSourceAlignMask
+                   || ((fMDSummary.fPageAlign & (1 << 31)) && (0 == (fMDSummary.fPageAlign & state->fSourceAlignMask)))));
+
+               if (!state->fCursor) {
+                       IOOptionBits op = kWalkPrepare | kWalkPreflight;
+                       if (synchronize) {
+                               op |= kWalkSyncOut;
+                       }
+                       ret = walkAll(op);
+               }
+
+               if (IS_NONCOHERENT(mappingOptions) && flushCache) {
+                       if (state->fCopyMD) {
+                               state->fCopyMD->performOperation(kIOMemoryIncoherentIOStore, 0, length);
+                       } else {
+                               IOMemoryDescriptor * md = const_cast<IOMemoryDescriptor *>(fMemory);
+                               md->performOperation(kIOMemoryIncoherentIOStore, offset, length);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (fMapper) {
+                       IOMDDMAMapArgs mapArgs;
+                       bzero(&mapArgs, sizeof(mapArgs));
+                       mapArgs.fMapper = fMapper;
+                       mapArgs.fCommand = this;
+                       mapArgs.fMapSpec.device         = state->fDevice;
+                       mapArgs.fMapSpec.alignment      = fAlignMask + 1;
+                       mapArgs.fMapSpec.numAddressBits = fNumAddressBits ? fNumAddressBits : 64;
+                       mapArgs.fLength = state->fPreparedLength;
+                       const IOMemoryDescriptor * md = state->fCopyMD;
+                       if (md) {
+                               mapArgs.fOffset = 0;
+                       } else {
+                               md = fMemory;
+                               mapArgs.fOffset = state->fPreparedOffset;
+                       }
+                       ret = md->dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDDMAMap | state->fIterateOnly, &mapArgs, sizeof(mapArgs));
+//IOLog("dma %p 0x%x 0x%qx-0x%qx 0x%qx-0x%qx\n", this, ret, state->fPreparedOffset, state->fPreparedLength, mapArgs.fAlloc, mapArgs.fAllocLength);
+
+                       if (kIOReturnSuccess == ret) {
+                               state->fLocalMapperAlloc       = mapArgs.fAlloc;
+                               state->fLocalMapperAllocValid  = true;
+                               state->fLocalMapperAllocLength = mapArgs.fAllocLength;
+                               state->fMapContig = mapArgs.fMapContig;
+                       }
+                       if (NULL != IOMapper::gSystem) {
+                               ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (kIOReturnSuccess == ret) {
+                       state->fPrepared = true;
+               }
+       }
+       return ret;
 }
 
-IOReturn 
+IOReturn
 IODMACommand::complete(bool invalidateCache, bool synchronize)
 {
-    IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
-    IOReturn               ret   = kIOReturnSuccess;
-
-    if (fActive < 1)
-       return kIOReturnNotReady;
+       IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
+       IOReturn               ret   = kIOReturnSuccess;
+       IOMemoryDescriptor   * copyMD;
 
-    if (!--fActive)
-    {
-       if (!state->fCursor)
-       {
-               IOOptionBits op = kWalkComplete;
-               if (synchronize)
-                       op |= kWalkSyncIn;
-               ret = walkAll(op);
+       if (fActive < 1) {
+               return kIOReturnNotReady;
        }
-       state->fPrepared = false;
 
-       if (IS_NONCOHERENT(fMappingOptions) && invalidateCache)
-       { 
-           IOMemoryDescriptor *poMD = const_cast<IOMemoryDescriptor *>(fMemory);
+       if (!--fActive) {
+               copyMD = state->fCopyMD;
+               if (copyMD) {
+                       copyMD->retain();
+               }
+
+               if (IS_NONCOHERENT(fMappingOptions) && invalidateCache) {
+                       if (copyMD) {
+                               copyMD->performOperation(kIOMemoryIncoherentIOFlush, 0, state->fPreparedLength);
+                       } else {
+                               IOMemoryDescriptor * md = const_cast<IOMemoryDescriptor *>(fMemory);
+                               md->performOperation(kIOMemoryIncoherentIOFlush, state->fPreparedOffset, state->fPreparedLength);
+                       }
+               }
 
-           poMD->performOperation(kIOMemoryIncoherentIOFlush, state->fPreparedOffset, state->fPreparedLength);
+               if (!state->fCursor) {
+                       IOOptionBits op = kWalkComplete;
+                       if (synchronize) {
+                               op |= kWalkSyncIn;
+                       }
+                       ret = walkAll(op);
+               }
+
+               if (state->fLocalMapperAllocValid) {
+                       IOMDDMAMapArgs mapArgs;
+                       bzero(&mapArgs, sizeof(mapArgs));
+                       mapArgs.fMapper = fMapper;
+                       mapArgs.fCommand = this;
+                       mapArgs.fAlloc = state->fLocalMapperAlloc;
+                       mapArgs.fAllocLength = state->fLocalMapperAllocLength;
+                       const IOMemoryDescriptor * md = copyMD;
+                       if (md) {
+                               mapArgs.fOffset = 0;
+                       } else {
+                               md = fMemory;
+                               mapArgs.fOffset = state->fPreparedOffset;
+                       }
+
+                       ret = md->dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDDMAUnmap, &mapArgs, sizeof(mapArgs));
+
+                       state->fLocalMapperAlloc       = 0;
+                       state->fLocalMapperAllocValid  = false;
+                       state->fLocalMapperAllocLength = 0;
+               }
+               if (copyMD) {
+                       copyMD->release();
+               }
+               state->fPrepared = false;
        }
-    }
 
-    return ret;
+       return ret;
 }
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::getPreparedOffsetAndLength(UInt64 * offset, UInt64 * length)
 {
-    IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
-    if (fActive < 1)
-       return (kIOReturnNotReady);
+       IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
+       if (fActive < 1) {
+               return kIOReturnNotReady;
+       }
 
-    if (offset)
-       *offset = state->fPreparedOffset;
-    if (length)
-       *length = state->fPreparedLength;
+       if (offset) {
+               *offset = state->fPreparedOffset;
+       }
+       if (length) {
+               *length = state->fPreparedLength;
+       }
 
-    return (kIOReturnSuccess);
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
 }
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::synchronize(IOOptionBits options)
 {
-    IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
-    IOReturn              ret   = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    IOOptionBits           op;
-
-    if (kIODirectionOutIn == (kIODirectionOutIn & options))
-       return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-
-    if (fActive < 1)
-       return kIOReturnNotReady;
-
-    op = 0;
-    if (kForceDoubleBuffer & options)
-    {
-       if (state->fDoubleBuffer)
-           return kIOReturnSuccess;
-       if (state->fCursor)
-           state->fCursor = false;
-       else
-           ret = walkAll(kWalkComplete);
-
-       op |= kWalkPrepare | kWalkPreflight | kWalkDoubleBuffer;
-    }
-    else if (state->fCursor)
-       return kIOReturnSuccess;
+       IODMACommandInternal * state = fInternalState;
+       IOReturn               ret   = kIOReturnSuccess;
+       IOOptionBits           op;
+
+       if (kIODirectionOutIn == (kIODirectionOutIn & options)) {
+               return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+       }
+
+       if (fActive < 1) {
+               return kIOReturnNotReady;
+       }
 
-    if (kIODirectionIn & options)
-       op |= kWalkSyncIn | kWalkSyncAlways;
-    else if (kIODirectionOut & options)
-       op |= kWalkSyncOut | kWalkSyncAlways;
+       op = 0;
+       if (kForceDoubleBuffer & options) {
+               if (state->fDoubleBuffer) {
+                       return kIOReturnSuccess;
+               }
+               ret = complete(false /* invalidateCache */, true /* synchronize */);
+               state->fCursor = false;
+               state->fForceDoubleBuffer = true;
+               ret = prepare(state->fPreparedOffset, state->fPreparedLength, false /* flushCache */, true /* synchronize */);
+
+               return ret;
+       } else if (state->fCursor) {
+               return kIOReturnSuccess;
+       }
+
+       if (kIODirectionIn & options) {
+               op |= kWalkSyncIn | kWalkSyncAlways;
+       } else if (kIODirectionOut & options) {
+               op |= kWalkSyncOut | kWalkSyncAlways;
+       }
 
-    ret = walkAll(op);
+       ret = walkAll(op);
 
-    return ret;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-struct IODMACommandTransferContext
-{
-    void *   buffer;
-    UInt64   bufferOffset;
-    UInt64   remaining;
-    UInt32   op;
+struct IODMACommandTransferContext {
+       void *   buffer;
+       UInt64   bufferOffset;
+       UInt64   remaining;
+       UInt32   op;
 };
-enum
-{
-    kIODMACommandTransferOpReadBytes  = 1,
-    kIODMACommandTransferOpWriteBytes = 2
+enum{
+       kIODMACommandTransferOpReadBytes  = 1,
+       kIODMACommandTransferOpWriteBytes = 2
 };
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::transferSegment(void   *reference,
-                       IODMACommand *target,
-                       Segment64     segment,
-                       void         *segments,
-                       UInt32        segmentIndex)
+    IODMACommand *target,
+    Segment64     segment,
+    void         *segments,
+    UInt32        segmentIndex)
 {
-    IODMACommandTransferContext * context = (IODMACommandTransferContext *) reference;
-    UInt64   length  = min(segment.fLength, context->remaining);
-    addr64_t ioAddr  = segment.fIOVMAddr;
-    addr64_t cpuAddr = ioAddr;
-
-    context->remaining -= length;
-
-    while (length)
-    {
-       UInt64 copyLen = length;
-       if ((kMapped == MAPTYPE(target->fMappingOptions))
-           && target->fMapper)
-       {
-           cpuAddr = target->fMapper->mapAddr(ioAddr);
-           copyLen = min(copyLen, page_size - (ioAddr & (page_size - 1)));
-           ioAddr += copyLen;
+       IODMACommandTransferContext * context = (IODMACommandTransferContext *) reference;
+       UInt64   length  = min(segment.fLength, context->remaining);
+       addr64_t ioAddr  = segment.fIOVMAddr;
+       addr64_t cpuAddr = ioAddr;
+
+       context->remaining -= length;
+
+       while (length) {
+               UInt64 copyLen = length;
+               if ((kMapped == MAPTYPE(target->fMappingOptions))
+                   && target->fMapper) {
+                       cpuAddr = target->fMapper->mapToPhysicalAddress(ioAddr);
+                       copyLen = min(copyLen, page_size - (ioAddr & (page_size - 1)));
+                       ioAddr += copyLen;
+               }
+
+               switch (context->op) {
+               case kIODMACommandTransferOpReadBytes:
+                       copypv(cpuAddr, context->bufferOffset + (addr64_t) context->buffer, copyLen,
+                           cppvPsrc | cppvNoRefSrc | cppvFsnk | cppvKmap);
+                       break;
+               case kIODMACommandTransferOpWriteBytes:
+                       copypv(context->bufferOffset + (addr64_t) context->buffer, cpuAddr, copyLen,
+                           cppvPsnk | cppvFsnk | cppvNoRefSrc | cppvNoModSnk | cppvKmap);
+                       break;
+               }
+               length                -= copyLen;
+               context->bufferOffset += copyLen;
        }
 
-       switch (context->op)
-       {
-           case kIODMACommandTransferOpReadBytes:
-               copypv(cpuAddr, context->bufferOffset + (addr64_t) context->buffer, copyLen,
-                                   cppvPsrc | cppvNoRefSrc | cppvFsnk | cppvKmap);
-               break;
-           case kIODMACommandTransferOpWriteBytes:
-               copypv(context->bufferOffset + (addr64_t) context->buffer, cpuAddr, copyLen,
-                               cppvPsnk | cppvFsnk | cppvNoRefSrc | cppvNoModSnk | cppvKmap);
-               break;
-       }
-       length                -= copyLen;
-       context->bufferOffset += copyLen;
-    }
-    
-    return (context->remaining ? kIOReturnSuccess : kIOReturnOverrun);
+       return context->remaining ? kIOReturnSuccess : kIOReturnOverrun;
 }
 
 UInt64
 IODMACommand::transfer(IOOptionBits transferOp, UInt64 offset, void * buffer, UInt64 length)
 {
-    IODMACommandInternal *      state = fInternalState;
-    IODMACommandTransferContext context;
-    Segment64                  segments[1];
-    UInt32                      numSegments = 0-1;
+       IODMACommandInternal *      state = fInternalState;
+       IODMACommandTransferContext context;
+       Segment64                   segments[1];
+       UInt32                      numSegments = 0 - 1;
 
-    if (fActive < 1)
-        return (0);
+       if (fActive < 1) {
+               return 0;
+       }
 
-    if (offset >= state->fPreparedLength)
-        return (0);
-    length = min(length, state->fPreparedLength - offset);
+       if (offset >= state->fPreparedLength) {
+               return 0;
+       }
+       length = min(length, state->fPreparedLength - offset);
 
-    context.buffer       = buffer;
-    context.bufferOffset = 0;
-    context.remaining    = length;
-    context.op           = transferOp;
-    (void) genIOVMSegments(kWalkClient, transferSegment, &context, &offset, &segments[0], &numSegments);
+       context.buffer       = buffer;
+       context.bufferOffset = 0;
+       context.remaining    = length;
+       context.op           = transferOp;
+       (void) genIOVMSegments(kWalkClient, transferSegment, &context, &offset, &segments[0], &numSegments);
 
-    return (length - context.remaining);
+       return length - context.remaining;
 }
 
 UInt64
 IODMACommand::readBytes(UInt64 offset, void *bytes, UInt64 length)
 {
-    return (transfer(kIODMACommandTransferOpReadBytes, offset, bytes, length));
+       return transfer(kIODMACommandTransferOpReadBytes, offset, bytes, length);
 }
 
 UInt64
 IODMACommand::writeBytes(UInt64 offset, const void *bytes, UInt64 length)
 {
-    return (transfer(kIODMACommandTransferOpWriteBytes, offset, const_cast<void *>(bytes), length));
+       return transfer(kIODMACommandTransferOpWriteBytes, offset, const_cast<void *>(bytes), length);
 }
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::genIOVMSegments(UInt64 *offsetP,
-                             void   *segmentsP,
-                             UInt32 *numSegmentsP)
+    void   *segmentsP,
+    UInt32 *numSegmentsP)
 {
-    return (genIOVMSegments(kWalkClient, clientOutputSegment, (void *) fOutSeg,
-                           offsetP, segmentsP, numSegmentsP));
+       return genIOVMSegments(kWalkClient, clientOutputSegment, (void *) fOutSeg,
+                  offsetP, segmentsP, numSegmentsP);
 }
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::genIOVMSegments(uint32_t op,
-                             InternalSegmentFunction outSegFunc,
-                             void   *reference,
-                             UInt64 *offsetP,
-                             void   *segmentsP,
-                             UInt32 *numSegmentsP)
+    InternalSegmentFunction outSegFunc,
+    void   *reference,
+    UInt64 *offsetP,
+    void   *segmentsP,
+    UInt32 *numSegmentsP)
 {
-    IODMACommandInternal * internalState = fInternalState;
-    IOOptionBits           mdOp = kIOMDWalkSegments;
-    IOReturn               ret  = kIOReturnSuccess;
-
-    if (!(kWalkComplete & op) && !fActive)
-       return kIOReturnNotReady;
-
-    if (!offsetP || !segmentsP || !numSegmentsP || !*numSegmentsP)
-       return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-
-    IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *state =
-       (IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *) fState;
-
-    UInt64 offset    = *offsetP + internalState->fPreparedOffset;
-    UInt64 memLength = internalState->fPreparedOffset + internalState->fPreparedLength;
-
-    if (offset >= memLength)
-       return kIOReturnOverrun;
-
-    if ((offset == internalState->fPreparedOffset) || (offset != state->fOffset) || internalState->fNewMD) {
-       state->fOffset                 = 0;
-       state->fIOVMAddr               = 0;
-       internalState->fNextRemapIndex = 0;
-       internalState->fNewMD          = false;
-       state->fMapped                 = (IS_MAPPED(fMappingOptions) && fMapper);
-       mdOp                           = kIOMDFirstSegment;
-    };
-       
-    UInt64    bypassMask = fBypassMask;
-    UInt32    segIndex = 0;
-    UInt32    numSegments = *numSegmentsP;
-    Segment64 curSeg = { 0, 0 };
-    addr64_t  maxPhys;
-
-    if (fNumAddressBits && (fNumAddressBits < 64))
-       maxPhys = (1ULL << fNumAddressBits);
-    else
-       maxPhys = 0;
-    maxPhys--;
-
-    while ((state->fIOVMAddr) || state->fOffset < memLength)
-    {
-        if (!state->fIOVMAddr) {
-
-           IOReturn rtn;
-
-           state->fOffset = offset;
-           state->fLength = memLength - offset;
-
-           if (internalState->fMapContig && (kWalkClient & op))
-           {
-               ppnum_t pageNum = internalState->fLocalMapperPageAlloc;
-               if (!pageNum)
-                   pageNum = internalState->fCopyMapperPageAlloc;
-               state->fIOVMAddr = ptoa_64(pageNum) 
-                                           + offset - internalState->fPreparedOffset;
-               rtn = kIOReturnSuccess;
-           }
-           else
-           {
-               const IOMemoryDescriptor * memory =
-                   internalState->fCopyMD ? internalState->fCopyMD : fMemory;
-               rtn = memory->dmaCommandOperation(mdOp, fState, sizeof(fState));
-               mdOp = kIOMDWalkSegments;
-           }
-
-           if (rtn == kIOReturnSuccess) {
-               assert(state->fIOVMAddr);
-               assert(state->fLength);
-           }
-           else if (rtn == kIOReturnOverrun)
-               state->fIOVMAddr = state->fLength = 0;  // At end
-           else
-               return rtn;
-        };
-
-        if (!curSeg.fIOVMAddr) {
-           UInt64 length = state->fLength;
-
-            offset          += length;
-            curSeg.fIOVMAddr = state->fIOVMAddr | bypassMask;
-            curSeg.fLength   = length;
-            state->fIOVMAddr = 0;
-        }
-        else if ((curSeg.fIOVMAddr + curSeg.fLength == state->fIOVMAddr)) {
-           UInt64 length = state->fLength;
-            offset          += length;
-            curSeg.fLength  += length;
-            state->fIOVMAddr = 0;
-        };
-
-
-        if (!state->fIOVMAddr)
-       {
-           if (kWalkClient & op)
-           {
-               if ((curSeg.fIOVMAddr + curSeg.fLength - 1) > maxPhys)
-               {
-                   if (internalState->fCursor)
-                   {
-                       curSeg.fIOVMAddr = 0;
-                       ret = kIOReturnMessageTooLarge;
-                       break;
-                   }
-                   else if (curSeg.fIOVMAddr <= maxPhys)
-                   {
-                       UInt64 remain, newLength;
-
-                       newLength = (maxPhys + 1 - curSeg.fIOVMAddr);
-                       DEBG("trunc %qx, %qx-> %qx\n", curSeg.fIOVMAddr, curSeg.fLength, newLength);
-                       remain = curSeg.fLength - newLength;
-                       state->fIOVMAddr = newLength + curSeg.fIOVMAddr;
-                       curSeg.fLength   = newLength;
-                       state->fLength   = remain;
-                       offset          -= remain;
-                   }
-                   else if (gIOCopyMapper)
-                   {
-                       DEBG("sparse switch %qx, %qx ", curSeg.fIOVMAddr, curSeg.fLength);
-                       if (trunc_page_64(curSeg.fIOVMAddr) == gIOCopyMapper->mapAddr(
-                                                           ptoa_64(internalState->fCopyMapperPageAlloc + internalState->fNextRemapIndex)))
-                       {
-
-                           curSeg.fIOVMAddr = ptoa_64(internalState->fCopyMapperPageAlloc + internalState->fNextRemapIndex)
-                                               + (curSeg.fIOVMAddr & PAGE_MASK);
-                           internalState->fNextRemapIndex += atop_64(round_page(curSeg.fLength));
+       IODMACommandInternal * internalState = fInternalState;
+       IOOptionBits           mdOp = kIOMDWalkSegments;
+       IOReturn               ret  = kIOReturnSuccess;
+
+       if (!(kWalkComplete & op) && !fActive) {
+               return kIOReturnNotReady;
+       }
+
+       if (!offsetP || !segmentsP || !numSegmentsP || !*numSegmentsP) {
+               return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+       }
+
+       IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *state =
+           (IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *)(void *) fState;
+
+       UInt64 offset    = *offsetP + internalState->fPreparedOffset;
+       UInt64 memLength = internalState->fPreparedOffset + internalState->fPreparedLength;
+
+       if (offset >= memLength) {
+               return kIOReturnOverrun;
+       }
+
+       if ((offset == internalState->fPreparedOffset) || (offset != state->fOffset) || internalState->fNewMD) {
+               state->fOffset                                   = 0;
+               internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = state->fIOVMAddr = 0;
+               internalState->fNextRemapPage                    = NULL;
+               internalState->fNewMD                            = false;
+               mdOp                                             = kIOMDFirstSegment;
+               if (fMapper) {
+                       if (internalState->fLocalMapperAllocValid) {
+                               state->fMapped = kIOMDDMAWalkMappedLocal;
+                               state->fMappedBase = internalState->fLocalMapperAlloc;
+                       } else {
+                               state->fMapped = true;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       ;
+
+       UInt32    segIndex = 0;
+       UInt32    numSegments = *numSegmentsP;
+       Segment64 curSeg = { 0, 0 };
+       bool      curSegValid = false;
+       addr64_t  maxPhys;
+
+       if (fNumAddressBits && (fNumAddressBits < 64)) {
+               maxPhys = (1ULL << fNumAddressBits);
+       } else {
+               maxPhys = 0;
+       }
+       maxPhys--;
+
+       while (internalState->fIOVMAddrValid || (state->fOffset < memLength)) {
+               // state = next seg
+               if (!internalState->fIOVMAddrValid) {
+                       IOReturn rtn;
+
+                       state->fOffset = offset;
+                       state->fLength = memLength - offset;
+
+                       if (internalState->fMapContig && internalState->fLocalMapperAllocValid) {
+                               state->fIOVMAddr = internalState->fLocalMapperAlloc + offset - internalState->fPreparedOffset;
+                               rtn = kIOReturnSuccess;
+#if 0
+                               {
+                                       uint64_t checkOffset;
+                                       IOPhysicalLength segLen;
+                                       for (checkOffset = 0; checkOffset < state->fLength;) {
+                                               addr64_t phys = const_cast<IOMemoryDescriptor *>(fMemory)->getPhysicalSegment(checkOffset + offset, &segLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
+                                               if (fMapper->mapAddr(state->fIOVMAddr + checkOffset) != phys) {
+                                                       panic("%llx != %llx:%llx, %llx phys: %llx %llx\n", offset,
+                                                           state->fIOVMAddr + checkOffset, fMapper->mapAddr(state->fIOVMAddr + checkOffset), state->fLength,
+                                                           phys, checkOffset);
+                                               }
+                                               checkOffset += page_size - (phys & page_mask);
+                                       }
+                               }
+#endif
+                       } else {
+                               const IOMemoryDescriptor * memory =
+                                   internalState->fCopyMD ? internalState->fCopyMD : fMemory;
+                               rtn = memory->dmaCommandOperation(mdOp, fState, sizeof(fState));
+                               mdOp = kIOMDWalkSegments;
+                       }
+
+                       if (rtn == kIOReturnSuccess) {
+                               internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = true;
+                               assert(state->fLength);
+                               if (curSegValid && ((curSeg.fIOVMAddr + curSeg.fLength) == state->fIOVMAddr)) {
+                                       UInt64 length = state->fLength;
+                                       offset          += length;
+                                       curSeg.fLength  += length;
+                                       internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = state->fIOVMAddr = 0;
+                               }
+                       } else if (rtn == kIOReturnOverrun) {
+                               internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = state->fIOVMAddr = state->fLength = 0; // At end
+                       } else {
+                               return rtn;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // seg = state, offset = end of seg
+               if (!curSegValid) {
+                       UInt64 length                 = state->fLength;
+                       offset                       += length;
+                       curSeg.fIOVMAddr              = state->fIOVMAddr;
+                       curSeg.fLength                = length;
+                       curSegValid                   = true;
+                       internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = state->fIOVMAddr = 0;
+               }
+
+               if (!internalState->fIOVMAddrValid) {
+                       // maxPhys
+                       if ((kWalkClient & op) && (curSeg.fIOVMAddr + curSeg.fLength - 1) > maxPhys) {
+                               if (internalState->fCursor) {
+                                       curSegValid = curSeg.fIOVMAddr = 0;
+                                       ret = kIOReturnMessageTooLarge;
+                                       break;
+                               } else if (curSeg.fIOVMAddr <= maxPhys) {
+                                       UInt64 remain, newLength;
+
+                                       newLength        = (maxPhys + 1 - curSeg.fIOVMAddr);
+                                       DEBG("trunc %qx, %qx-> %qx\n", curSeg.fIOVMAddr, curSeg.fLength, newLength);
+                                       remain           = curSeg.fLength - newLength;
+                                       state->fIOVMAddr = newLength + curSeg.fIOVMAddr;
+                                       internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = true;
+                                       curSeg.fLength   = newLength;
+                                       state->fLength   = remain;
+                                       offset          -= remain;
+                               } else {
+                                       UInt64    addr = curSeg.fIOVMAddr;
+                                       ppnum_t   addrPage = atop_64(addr);
+                                       vm_page_t remap = NULL;
+                                       UInt64    remain, newLength;
+
+                                       DEBG("sparse switch %qx, %qx ", addr, curSeg.fLength);
+
+                                       remap = internalState->fNextRemapPage;
+                                       if (remap && (addrPage == vm_page_get_offset(remap))) {
+                                       } else {
+                                               for (remap = internalState->fCopyPageAlloc;
+                                                   remap && (addrPage != vm_page_get_offset(remap));
+                                                   remap = vm_page_get_next(remap)) {
+                                               }
+                                       }
+
+                                       if (!remap) {
+                                               panic("no remap page found");
+                                       }
+
+                                       curSeg.fIOVMAddr = ptoa_64(vm_page_get_phys_page(remap))
+                                           + (addr & PAGE_MASK);
+                                       curSegValid = true;
+                                       internalState->fNextRemapPage = vm_page_get_next(remap);
+
+                                       newLength            = PAGE_SIZE - (addr & PAGE_MASK);
+                                       if (newLength < curSeg.fLength) {
+                                               remain           = curSeg.fLength - newLength;
+                                               state->fIOVMAddr = addr + newLength;
+                                               internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = true;
+                                               curSeg.fLength   = newLength;
+                                               state->fLength   = remain;
+                                               offset          -= remain;
+                                       }
+                                       DEBG("-> %qx, %qx offset %qx\n", curSeg.fIOVMAddr, curSeg.fLength, offset);
+                               }
                        }
-                       else for (UInt checkRemapIndex = 0; checkRemapIndex < internalState->fCopyPageCount; checkRemapIndex++)
-                       {
-                           if (trunc_page_64(curSeg.fIOVMAddr) == gIOCopyMapper->mapAddr(
-                                                           ptoa_64(internalState->fCopyMapperPageAlloc + checkRemapIndex)))
-                           {
-                               curSeg.fIOVMAddr = ptoa_64(internalState->fCopyMapperPageAlloc + checkRemapIndex) 
-                                                   + (curSeg.fIOVMAddr & PAGE_MASK);
-                               internalState->fNextRemapIndex = checkRemapIndex + atop_64(round_page(curSeg.fLength));
+
+                       // reduce size of output segment
+                       uint64_t reduce, leftover = 0;
+
+                       // fMaxSegmentSize
+                       if (curSeg.fLength > fMaxSegmentSize) {
+                               leftover      += curSeg.fLength - fMaxSegmentSize;
+                               curSeg.fLength = fMaxSegmentSize;
+                               state->fIOVMAddr = curSeg.fLength + curSeg.fIOVMAddr;
+                               internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = true;
+                       }
+
+                       // alignment current length
+
+                       reduce = (curSeg.fLength & fAlignMaskLength);
+                       if (reduce && (curSeg.fLength > reduce)) {
+                               leftover       += reduce;
+                               curSeg.fLength -= reduce;
+                               state->fIOVMAddr = curSeg.fLength + curSeg.fIOVMAddr;
+                               internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = true;
+                       }
+
+                       // alignment next address
+
+                       reduce = (state->fIOVMAddr & fAlignMaskInternalSegments);
+                       if (reduce && (curSeg.fLength > reduce)) {
+                               leftover       += reduce;
+                               curSeg.fLength -= reduce;
+                               state->fIOVMAddr = curSeg.fLength + curSeg.fIOVMAddr;
+                               internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = true;
+                       }
+
+                       if (leftover) {
+                               DEBG("reduce seg by 0x%llx @ 0x%llx [0x%llx, 0x%llx]\n",
+                                   leftover, offset,
+                                   curSeg.fIOVMAddr, curSeg.fLength);
+                               state->fLength   = leftover;
+                               offset          -= leftover;
+                       }
+
+                       //
+
+                       if (internalState->fCursor) {
+                               bool misaligned;
+                               uint32_t mask;
+
+                               mask = (segIndex ? fAlignMaskInternalSegments : internalState->fSourceAlignMask);
+                               misaligned = (0 != (mask & curSeg.fIOVMAddr));
+                               if (!misaligned) {
+                                       mask = fAlignMaskLength;
+                                       misaligned |= (0 != (mask &  curSeg.fLength));
+                               }
+                               if (misaligned) {
+                                       if (misaligned) {
+                                               DEBG("cursor misaligned %qx:%qx\n", curSeg.fIOVMAddr, curSeg.fLength);
+                                       }
+                                       curSegValid = curSeg.fIOVMAddr = 0;
+                                       ret = kIOReturnNotAligned;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (offset >= memLength) {
+                               curSeg.fLength   -= (offset - memLength);
+                               offset = memLength;
+                               internalState->fIOVMAddrValid = state->fIOVMAddr = state->fLength = 0; // At end
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (internalState->fIOVMAddrValid) {
+                       if ((segIndex + 1 == numSegments)) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       ret = (*outSegFunc)(reference, this, curSeg, segmentsP, segIndex++);
+                       curSegValid = curSeg.fIOVMAddr = 0;
+                       if (kIOReturnSuccess != ret) {
                                break;
-                           }
                        }
-                       DEBG("-> %qx, %qx\n", curSeg.fIOVMAddr, curSeg.fLength);
-                   }
                }
-           }
-
-           if (curSeg.fLength > fMaxSegmentSize)
-           {
-               UInt64 remain = curSeg.fLength - fMaxSegmentSize;
-
-               state->fIOVMAddr = fMaxSegmentSize + curSeg.fIOVMAddr;
-               curSeg.fLength   = fMaxSegmentSize;
-
-               state->fLength   = remain;
-               offset          -= remain;
-           }
-
-           if (internalState->fCursor
-               && (0 != (internalState->fSourceAlignMask & curSeg.fIOVMAddr)))
-           {
-               curSeg.fIOVMAddr = 0;
-               ret = kIOReturnNotAligned;
-               break;
-           }
-
-           if (offset >= memLength)
-           {
-               curSeg.fLength   -= (offset - memLength);
-               offset = memLength;
-               state->fIOVMAddr = state->fLength = 0;  // At end
-               break;
-           }
-       }
-
-        if (state->fIOVMAddr) {
-            if ((segIndex + 1 == numSegments))
-                break;
-
-           ret = (*outSegFunc)(reference, this, curSeg, segmentsP, segIndex++);
-            curSeg.fIOVMAddr = 0;
-           if (kIOReturnSuccess != ret)
-               break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (curSeg.fIOVMAddr) {
-       ret = (*outSegFunc)(reference, this, curSeg, segmentsP, segIndex++);
-    }
-
-    if (kIOReturnSuccess == ret)
-    {
-       state->fOffset = offset;
-       *offsetP       = offset - internalState->fPreparedOffset;
-       *numSegmentsP  = segIndex;
-    }
-    return ret;
+       }
+
+       if (curSegValid) {
+               ret = (*outSegFunc)(reference, this, curSeg, segmentsP, segIndex++);
+       }
+
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess == ret) {
+               state->fOffset = offset;
+               *offsetP       = offset - internalState->fPreparedOffset;
+               *numSegmentsP  = segIndex;
+       }
+       return ret;
 }
 
-IOReturn 
+IOReturn
 IODMACommand::clientOutputSegment(
        void *reference, IODMACommand *target,
        Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
 {
-    SegmentFunction segmentFunction = (SegmentFunction) reference;
-    IOReturn ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
-
-    if ((target->fNumAddressBits < 64) 
-       && ((segment.fIOVMAddr + segment.fLength - 1) >> target->fNumAddressBits)
-       && (target->reserved->fLocalMapperPageAlloc || !target->reserved->fLocalMapper))
-    {
-       DEBG("kIOReturnMessageTooLarge(fNumAddressBits) %qx, %qx\n", segment.fIOVMAddr, segment.fLength);
-       ret = kIOReturnMessageTooLarge;
-    }
-
-    if (!(*segmentFunction)(target, segment, vSegList, outSegIndex))
-    {
-       DEBG("kIOReturnMessageTooLarge(fOutSeg) %qx, %qx\n", segment.fIOVMAddr, segment.fLength);
-       ret = kIOReturnMessageTooLarge;
-    }
-
-    return (ret);
+       SegmentFunction segmentFunction = (SegmentFunction) reference;
+       IOReturn ret = kIOReturnSuccess;
+
+       if (target->fNumAddressBits && (target->fNumAddressBits < 64)
+           && ((segment.fIOVMAddr + segment.fLength - 1) >> target->fNumAddressBits)
+           && (target->reserved->fLocalMapperAllocValid || !target->fMapper)) {
+               DEBG("kIOReturnMessageTooLarge(fNumAddressBits) %qx, %qx\n", segment.fIOVMAddr, segment.fLength);
+               ret = kIOReturnMessageTooLarge;
+       }
+
+       if (!(*segmentFunction)(target, segment, vSegList, outSegIndex)) {
+               DEBG("kIOReturnMessageTooLarge(fOutSeg) %qx, %qx\n", segment.fIOVMAddr, segment.fLength);
+               ret = kIOReturnMessageTooLarge;
+       }
+
+       return ret;
 }
 
 IOReturn
 IODMACommand::genIOVMSegments(SegmentFunction segmentFunction,
-                                   UInt64   *offsetP,
-                                   void     *segmentsP,
-                                   UInt32   *numSegmentsP)
+    UInt64   *offsetP,
+    void     *segmentsP,
+    UInt32   *numSegmentsP)
 {
-    return (genIOVMSegments(kWalkClient, clientOutputSegment, (void *) segmentFunction,
-                           offsetP, segmentsP, numSegmentsP));
+       return genIOVMSegments(kWalkClient, clientOutputSegment, (void *) segmentFunction,
+                  offsetP, segmentsP, numSegmentsP);
 }
 
-bool 
+bool
 IODMACommand::OutputHost32(IODMACommand *,
-       Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
+    Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
 {
-    Segment32 *base = (Segment32 *) vSegList;
-    base[outSegIndex].fIOVMAddr = (UInt32) segment.fIOVMAddr;
-    base[outSegIndex].fLength   = (UInt32) segment.fLength;
-    return true;
+       Segment32 *base = (Segment32 *) vSegList;
+       base[outSegIndex].fIOVMAddr = (UInt32) segment.fIOVMAddr;
+       base[outSegIndex].fLength   = (UInt32) segment.fLength;
+       return true;
 }
 
-bool 
+bool
 IODMACommand::OutputBig32(IODMACommand *,
-       Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
+    Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
 {
-    const UInt offAddr = outSegIndex * sizeof(Segment32);
-    const UInt offLen  = offAddr + sizeof(UInt32);
-    OSWriteBigInt32(vSegList, offAddr, (UInt32) segment.fIOVMAddr);
-    OSWriteBigInt32(vSegList, offLen,  (UInt32) segment.fLength);
-    return true;
+       const UInt offAddr = outSegIndex * sizeof(Segment32);
+       const UInt offLen  = offAddr + sizeof(UInt32);
+       OSWriteBigInt32(vSegList, offAddr, (UInt32) segment.fIOVMAddr);
+       OSWriteBigInt32(vSegList, offLen, (UInt32) segment.fLength);
+       return true;
 }
 
 bool
 IODMACommand::OutputLittle32(IODMACommand *,
-       Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
+    Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
 {
-    const UInt offAddr = outSegIndex * sizeof(Segment32);
-    const UInt offLen  = offAddr + sizeof(UInt32);
-    OSWriteLittleInt32(vSegList, offAddr, (UInt32) segment.fIOVMAddr);
-    OSWriteLittleInt32(vSegList, offLen,  (UInt32) segment.fLength);
-    return true;
+       const UInt offAddr = outSegIndex * sizeof(Segment32);
+       const UInt offLen  = offAddr + sizeof(UInt32);
+       OSWriteLittleInt32(vSegList, offAddr, (UInt32) segment.fIOVMAddr);
+       OSWriteLittleInt32(vSegList, offLen, (UInt32) segment.fLength);
+       return true;
 }
 
 bool
 IODMACommand::OutputHost64(IODMACommand *,
-       Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
+    Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
 {
-    Segment64 *base = (Segment64 *) vSegList;
-    base[outSegIndex] = segment;
-    return true;
+       Segment64 *base = (Segment64 *) vSegList;
+       base[outSegIndex] = segment;
+       return true;
 }
 
 bool
 IODMACommand::OutputBig64(IODMACommand *,
-       Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
+    Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
 {
-    const UInt offAddr = outSegIndex * sizeof(Segment64);
-    const UInt offLen  = offAddr + sizeof(UInt64);
-    OSWriteBigInt64(vSegList, offAddr, (UInt64) segment.fIOVMAddr);
-    OSWriteBigInt64(vSegList, offLen,  (UInt64) segment.fLength);
-    return true;
+       const UInt offAddr = outSegIndex * sizeof(Segment64);
+       const UInt offLen  = offAddr + sizeof(UInt64);
+       OSWriteBigInt64(vSegList, offAddr, (UInt64) segment.fIOVMAddr);
+       OSWriteBigInt64(vSegList, offLen, (UInt64) segment.fLength);
+       return true;
 }
 
 bool
 IODMACommand::OutputLittle64(IODMACommand *,
-       Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
+    Segment64 segment, void *vSegList, UInt32 outSegIndex)
 {
-    const UInt offAddr = outSegIndex * sizeof(Segment64);
-    const UInt offLen  = offAddr + sizeof(UInt64);
-    OSWriteLittleInt64(vSegList, offAddr, (UInt64) segment.fIOVMAddr);
-    OSWriteLittleInt64(vSegList, offLen,  (UInt64) segment.fLength);
-    return true;
+       const UInt offAddr = outSegIndex * sizeof(Segment64);
+       const UInt offLen  = offAddr + sizeof(UInt64);
+       OSWriteLittleInt64(vSegList, offAddr, (UInt64) segment.fIOVMAddr);
+       OSWriteLittleInt64(vSegList, offLen, (UInt64) segment.fLength);
+       return true;
 }
-
-