]> git.saurik.com Git - apple/xnu.git/blobdiff - osfmk/i386/cpu_data.h
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[apple/xnu.git] / osfmk / i386 / cpu_data.h
index 3e4362e7690ade75b221f214aca21be4788327e6..10d2355172831ad24c2f69bf557926bae8b6e2fd 100644 (file)
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2000-2020 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
- * 
+ *
  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
  * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
  * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
  * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
- * 
+ *
  * Please obtain a copy of the License at
  * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
- * 
+ *
  * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
  * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
  * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
  * limitations under the License.
- * 
+ *
  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
  */
 /*
  * @OSF_COPYRIGHT@
- * 
+ *
  */
 
-#ifndef        I386_CPU_DATA
+#ifndef I386_CPU_DATA
 #define I386_CPU_DATA
 
 #include <mach_assert.h>
-
-#if    defined(__GNUC__)
+#include <machine/atomic.h>
 
 #include <kern/assert.h>
 #include <kern/kern_types.h>
+#include <kern/mpqueue.h>
+#include <kern/queue.h>
 #include <kern/processor.h>
 #include <kern/pms.h>
 #include <pexpert/pexpert.h>
 #include <mach/i386/thread_status.h>
-#include <i386/rtclock.h>
+#include <mach/i386/vm_param.h>
+#include <i386/locks.h>
+#include <i386/rtclock_protos.h>
 #include <i386/pmCPU.h>
+#include <i386/cpu_topology.h>
+#include <i386/seg.h>
+#include <i386/mp.h>
+
+#if CONFIG_VMX
+#include <i386/vmx/vmx_cpu.h>
+#endif
+
+#if MONOTONIC
+#include <machine/monotonic.h>
+#endif /* MONOTONIC */
+
+#include <machine/pal_routines.h>
 
 /*
  * Data structures referenced (anonymously) from per-cpu data:
  */
-struct cpu_core;
 struct cpu_cons_buffer;
 struct cpu_desc_table;
-
+struct mca_state;
+struct prngContext;
 
 /*
  * Data structures embedded in per-cpu data:
  */
 typedef struct rtclock_timer {
-       uint64_t        deadline;
-       boolean_t       is_set;
-       boolean_t       has_expired;
+       mpqueue_head_t          queue;
+       uint64_t                deadline;
+       uint64_t                when_set;
+       boolean_t               has_expired;
 } rtclock_timer_t;
 
 typedef struct {
-       uint64_t        tsc_base;               /* timestamp */
-       uint64_t        ns_base;                /* nanoseconds */
-       uint32_t        scale;                  /* tsc -> nanosec multiplier */
-       uint32_t        shift;                  /* tsc -> nanosec shift/div */
-} rtc_nanotime_t;
-
-typedef struct {
-       struct i386_tss         *cdi_ktss;
-#if    MACH_KDB
-       struct i386_tss         *cdi_dbtss;
-#endif /* MACH_KDB */
-       struct fake_descriptor  *cdi_gdt;
-       struct fake_descriptor  *cdi_idt;
-       struct fake_descriptor  *cdi_ldt;
-       vm_offset_t             cdi_sstk;
+       /* The 'u' suffixed fields store the double-mapped descriptor addresses */
+       struct x86_64_tss       *cdi_ktssu;
+       struct x86_64_tss       *cdi_ktssb;
+       x86_64_desc_register_t  cdi_gdtu;
+       x86_64_desc_register_t  cdi_gdtb;
+       x86_64_desc_register_t  cdi_idtu;
+       x86_64_desc_register_t  cdi_idtb;
+       struct real_descriptor  *cdi_ldtu;
+       struct real_descriptor  *cdi_ldtb;
+       vm_offset_t             cdi_sstku;
+       vm_offset_t             cdi_sstkb;
 } cpu_desc_index_t;
 
 typedef enum {
-       TASK_MAP_32BIT,                 /* 32-bit, compatibility mode */ 
-       TASK_MAP_64BIT,                 /* 64-bit, separate address space */ 
-       TASK_MAP_64BIT_SHARED           /* 64-bit, kernel-shared addr space */
+       TASK_MAP_32BIT,                 /* 32-bit user, compatibility mode */
+       TASK_MAP_64BIT,                 /* 64-bit user thread, shared space */
 } task_map_t;
 
+
 /*
  * This structure is used on entry into the (uber-)kernel on syscall from
  * a 64-bit user. It contains the address of the machine state save area
@@ -94,11 +107,74 @@ typedef enum {
  * before loading this address into rsp.
  */
 typedef struct {
-       addr64_t        cu_isf;         /* thread->pcb->iss.isf */
-       uint64_t        cu_tmp;         /* temporary scratch */ 
-        addr64_t       cu_user_gs_base;
+       addr64_t        cu_isf;         /* thread->pcb->iss.isf */
+       uint64_t        cu_tmp;         /* temporary scratch */
+       addr64_t        cu_user_gs_base;
 } cpu_uber_t;
 
+typedef uint16_t        pcid_t;
+typedef uint8_t         pcid_ref_t;
+
+#define CPU_RTIME_BINS (12)
+#define CPU_ITIME_BINS (CPU_RTIME_BINS)
+
+#define MAX_TRACE_BTFRAMES (16)
+typedef struct {
+       boolean_t pltype;
+       int plevel;
+       uint64_t plbt[MAX_TRACE_BTFRAMES];
+} plrecord_t;
+
+#if     DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
+typedef enum {
+       IOTRACE_PHYS_READ = 1,
+       IOTRACE_PHYS_WRITE,
+       IOTRACE_IO_READ,
+       IOTRACE_IO_WRITE,
+       IOTRACE_PORTIO_READ,
+       IOTRACE_PORTIO_WRITE
+} iotrace_type_e;
+
+typedef struct {
+       iotrace_type_e  iotype;
+       int             size;
+       uint64_t        vaddr;
+       uint64_t        paddr;
+       uint64_t        val;
+       uint64_t        start_time_abs;
+       uint64_t        duration;
+       uint64_t        backtrace[MAX_TRACE_BTFRAMES];
+} iotrace_entry_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+       int             vector;                 /* Vector number of interrupt */
+       thread_t        curthread;              /* Current thread at the time of the interrupt */
+       uint64_t        interrupted_pc;
+       int             curpl;                  /* Current preemption level */
+       int             curil;                  /* Current interrupt level */
+       uint64_t        start_time_abs;
+       uint64_t        duration;
+       uint64_t        backtrace[MAX_TRACE_BTFRAMES];
+} traptrace_entry_t;
+
+#define DEFAULT_IOTRACE_ENTRIES_PER_CPU (64)
+#define IOTRACE_MAX_ENTRIES_PER_CPU (256)
+extern volatile int mmiotrace_enabled;
+extern int iotrace_generators;
+extern int iotrace_entries_per_cpu;
+extern int *iotrace_next;
+extern iotrace_entry_t **iotrace_ring;
+
+#define TRAPTRACE_INVALID_INDEX (~0U)
+#define DEFAULT_TRAPTRACE_ENTRIES_PER_CPU (16)
+#define TRAPTRACE_MAX_ENTRIES_PER_CPU (256)
+extern volatile int traptrace_enabled;
+extern int traptrace_generators;
+extern int traptrace_entries_per_cpu;
+extern int *traptrace_next;
+extern traptrace_entry_t **traptrace_ring;
+#endif /* DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG */
+
 /*
  * Per-cpu data.
  *
@@ -106,165 +182,505 @@ typedef struct {
  * current_cpu_datap() macro. For speed, the %gs segment is based here, and
  * using this, inlines provides single-instruction access to frequently used
  * members - such as get_cpu_number()/cpu_number(), and get_active_thread()/
- * current_thread(). 
- * 
+ * current_thread().
+ *
  * Cpu data owned by another processor can be accessed using the
  * cpu_datap(cpu_number) macro which uses the cpu_data_ptr[] array of per-cpu
  * pointers.
  */
-typedef struct cpu_data
-{
-       struct cpu_data         *cpu_this;              /* pointer to myself */
-       thread_t                cpu_active_thread;
-       void                    *cpu_int_state;         /* interrupt state */
-       vm_offset_t             cpu_active_stack;       /* kernel stack base */
-       vm_offset_t             cpu_kernel_stack;       /* kernel stack top */
-       vm_offset_t             cpu_int_stack_top;
-       int                     cpu_preemption_level;
-       int                     cpu_simple_lock_count;
-       int                     cpu_interrupt_level;
-       int                     cpu_number;             /* Logical CPU */
-       int                     cpu_phys_number;        /* Physical CPU */
-       cpu_id_t                cpu_id;                 /* Platform Expert */
-       int                     cpu_signals;            /* IPI events */
-       int                     cpu_mcount_off;         /* mcount recursion */
-       ast_t                   cpu_pending_ast;
-       int                     cpu_type;
-       int                     cpu_subtype;
-       int                     cpu_threadtype;
-       int                     cpu_running;
-       uint64_t                rtclock_intr_deadline;
-       rtclock_timer_t         rtclock_timer;
-        boolean_t              cpu_is64bit;
-        task_map_t             cpu_task_map;
-        addr64_t               cpu_task_cr3;
-        addr64_t               cpu_active_cr3;
-        addr64_t               cpu_kernel_cr3;
-       cpu_uber_t              cpu_uber;
-       void                    *cpu_chud;
-       void                    *cpu_console_buf;
-       struct cpu_core         *cpu_core;              /* cpu's parent core */
-       struct processor        *cpu_processor;
-       struct cpu_pmap         *cpu_pmap;
-       struct cpu_desc_table   *cpu_desc_tablep;
-       struct fake_descriptor  *cpu_ldtp;
-       cpu_desc_index_t        cpu_desc_index;
-       int                     cpu_ldt;
-#ifdef MACH_KDB
-       /* XXX Untested: */
-       int                     cpu_db_pass_thru;
-       vm_offset_t     cpu_db_stacks;
-       void            *cpu_kdb_saved_state;
-       spl_t           cpu_kdb_saved_ipl;
-       int                     cpu_kdb_is_slave;
-       int                     cpu_kdb_active;
-#endif /* MACH_KDB */
-       boolean_t               cpu_iflag;
-       boolean_t               cpu_boot_complete;
-       int                     cpu_hibernate;
-       pmsd                    pms;                                    /* Power Management Stepper control */
-       uint64_t                rtcPop;                 /* when the etimer wants a timer pop */
-       
-       vm_offset_t     cpu_copywindow_base;
-       uint64_t        *cpu_copywindow_pdp;
-       
-       vm_offset_t     cpu_physwindow_base;
-       uint64_t        *cpu_physwindow_ptep;
-       void            *cpu_hi_iss;
-       boolean_t       cpu_tlb_invalid;
-       
-       uint64_t        *cpu_pmHpet;            /* Address of the HPET for this processor */
-       uint32_t        cpu_pmHpetVec;          /* Interrupt vector for HPET for this processor */
-/*     Statistics */
-       pmStats_t       cpu_pmStats;            /* Power management data */
-       uint32_t        cpu_hwIntCnt[256];              /* Interrupt counts */
-       
-       uint64_t                cpu_dr7; /* debug control register */
+typedef struct {
+       pcid_t                  cpu_pcid_free_hint;
+#define PMAP_PCID_MAX_PCID      (0x800)
+       pcid_ref_t              cpu_pcid_refcounts[PMAP_PCID_MAX_PCID];
+       pmap_t                  cpu_pcid_last_pmap_dispatched[PMAP_PCID_MAX_PCID];
+} pcid_cdata_t;
+
+typedef struct cpu_data {
+       struct pal_cpu_data     cpu_pal_data;           /* PAL-specific data */
+#define                         cpu_pd cpu_pal_data     /* convenience alias */
+       struct cpu_data         *cpu_this;              /* pointer to myself */
+       vm_offset_t             cpu_pcpu_base;
+       thread_t                cpu_active_thread;
+       thread_t                cpu_nthread;
+       int                     cpu_number;             /* Logical CPU */
+       void                    *cpu_int_state;         /* interrupt state */
+       vm_offset_t             cpu_active_stack;       /* kernel stack base */
+       vm_offset_t             cpu_kernel_stack;       /* kernel stack top */
+       vm_offset_t             cpu_int_stack_top;
+       volatile int            cpu_signals;            /* IPI events */
+       volatile int            cpu_prior_signals;      /* Last set of events,
+                                                        * debugging
+                                                        */
+       ast_t                   cpu_pending_ast;
+       /*
+        * Note if rearranging fields:
+        * We want cpu_preemption_level on a different
+        * cache line than cpu_active_thread
+        * for optimizing mtx_spin phase.
+        */
+       int                     cpu_interrupt_level;
+       volatile int            cpu_preemption_level;
+       volatile int            cpu_running;
+#if !MONOTONIC
+       boolean_t               cpu_fixed_pmcs_enabled;
+#endif /* !MONOTONIC */
+       rtclock_timer_t         rtclock_timer;
+       volatile addr64_t       cpu_active_cr3 __attribute((aligned(64)));
+       union {
+               volatile uint32_t cpu_tlb_invalid;
+               struct {
+                       volatile uint16_t cpu_tlb_invalid_local;
+                       volatile uint16_t cpu_tlb_invalid_global;
+               };
+       };
+       uint64_t                cpu_ip_desc[2];
+       volatile task_map_t     cpu_task_map;
+       volatile addr64_t       cpu_task_cr3;
+       addr64_t                cpu_kernel_cr3;
+       volatile addr64_t       cpu_ucr3;
+       volatile addr64_t       cpu_shadowtask_cr3;
+       boolean_t               cpu_pagezero_mapped;
+       cpu_uber_t              cpu_uber;
+/* Double-mapped per-CPU exception stack address */
+       uintptr_t               cd_estack;
+       int                     cpu_xstate;
+       int                     cpu_curtask_has_ldt;
+       int                     cpu_curthread_do_segchk;
+/* Address of shadowed, partially mirrored CPU data structures located
+ * in the double mapped PML4
+ */
+       void                    *cd_shadow;
+       union {
+               volatile uint32_t cpu_tlb_invalid_count;
+               struct {
+                       volatile uint16_t cpu_tlb_invalid_local_count;
+                       volatile uint16_t cpu_tlb_invalid_global_count;
+               };
+       };
+
+       uint16_t                cpu_tlb_gen_counts_local[MAX_CPUS];
+       uint16_t                cpu_tlb_gen_counts_global[MAX_CPUS];
+
+       struct processor        *cpu_processor;
+       struct real_descriptor  *cpu_ldtp;
+       struct cpu_desc_table   *cpu_desc_tablep;
+       cpu_desc_index_t        cpu_desc_index;
+       int                     cpu_ldt;
+
+#define HWINTCNT_SIZE 256
+       uint32_t                cpu_hwIntCnt[HWINTCNT_SIZE];    /* Interrupt counts */
+       uint64_t                cpu_hwIntpexits[HWINTCNT_SIZE];
+       uint64_t                cpu_dr7; /* debug control register */
+       uint64_t                cpu_int_event_time;     /* intr entry/exit time */
+       pal_rtc_nanotime_t      *cpu_nanotime;          /* Nanotime info */
+#if KPC
+       /* double-buffered performance counter data */
+       uint64_t                *cpu_kpc_buf[2];
+       /* PMC shadow and reload value buffers */
+       uint64_t                *cpu_kpc_shadow;
+       uint64_t                *cpu_kpc_reload;
+#endif
+#if MONOTONIC
+       struct mt_cpu cpu_monotonic;
+#endif /* MONOTONIC */
+       uint32_t                cpu_pmap_pcid_enabled;
+       pcid_t                  cpu_active_pcid;
+       pcid_t                  cpu_last_pcid;
+       pcid_t                  cpu_kernel_pcid;
+       volatile pcid_ref_t     *cpu_pmap_pcid_coherentp;
+       volatile pcid_ref_t     *cpu_pmap_pcid_coherentp_kernel;
+       pcid_cdata_t            *cpu_pcid_data;
+#ifdef  PCID_STATS
+       uint64_t                cpu_pmap_pcid_flushes;
+       uint64_t                cpu_pmap_pcid_preserves;
+#endif
+       uint64_t                cpu_aperf;
+       uint64_t                cpu_mperf;
+       uint64_t                cpu_c3res;
+       uint64_t                cpu_c6res;
+       uint64_t                cpu_c7res;
+       uint64_t                cpu_itime_total;
+       uint64_t                cpu_rtime_total;
+       uint64_t                cpu_ixtime;
+       uint64_t                cpu_idle_exits;
+       /*
+        * Note that the cacheline-copy mechanism uses the cpu_rtimes field in the shadow CPU
+        * structures to temporarily stash the code cacheline that includes the instruction
+        * pointer at the time of the fault (this field is otherwise unused in the shadow
+        * CPU structures).
+        */
+       uint64_t                cpu_rtimes[CPU_RTIME_BINS];
+       uint64_t                cpu_itimes[CPU_ITIME_BINS];
+#if !MONOTONIC
+       uint64_t                cpu_cur_insns;
+       uint64_t                cpu_cur_ucc;
+       uint64_t                cpu_cur_urc;
+#endif /* !MONOTONIC */
+       uint64_t                cpu_gpmcs[4];
+       uint64_t                cpu_max_observed_int_latency;
+       int                     cpu_max_observed_int_latency_vector;
+       volatile boolean_t      cpu_NMI_acknowledged;
+       uint64_t                debugger_entry_time;
+       uint64_t                debugger_ipi_time;
+       /* A separate nested interrupt stack flag, to account
+        * for non-nested interrupts arriving while on the interrupt stack
+        * Currently only occurs when AICPM enables interrupts on the
+        * interrupt stack during processor offlining.
+        */
+       uint32_t                cpu_nested_istack;
+       uint32_t                cpu_nested_istack_events;
+       x86_saved_state64_t     *cpu_fatal_trap_state;
+       x86_saved_state64_t     *cpu_post_fatal_trap_state;
+#if CONFIG_VMX
+       vmx_cpu_t               cpu_vmx;                /* wonderful world of virtualization */
+#endif
+#if CONFIG_MCA
+       struct mca_state        *cpu_mca_state;         /* State at MC fault */
+#endif
+       int                     cpu_type;
+       int                     cpu_subtype;
+       int                     cpu_threadtype;
+       boolean_t               cpu_iflag;
+       boolean_t               cpu_boot_complete;
+       int                     cpu_hibernate;
+#define MAX_PREEMPTION_RECORDS (8)
+#if     DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
+       int                     cpu_plri;
+       plrecord_t              plrecords[MAX_PREEMPTION_RECORDS];
+#endif
+       void                    *cpu_console_buf;
+       struct x86_lcpu         lcpu;
+       int                     cpu_phys_number;        /* Physical CPU */
+       cpu_id_t                cpu_id;                 /* Platform Expert */
+#if DEBUG
+       uint64_t                cpu_entry_cr3;
+       uint64_t                cpu_exit_cr3;
+       uint64_t                cpu_pcid_last_cr3;
+#endif
+       boolean_t               cpu_rendezvous_in_progress;
+#if CST_DEMOTION_DEBUG
+       /* Count of thread wakeups issued by this processor */
+       uint64_t                cpu_wakeups_issued_total;
+#endif
+#if DEBUG || DEVELOPMENT
+       uint64_t                tsc_sync_delta;
+#endif
 } cpu_data_t;
 
-extern cpu_data_t      *cpu_data_ptr[];  
-extern cpu_data_t      cpu_data_master;  
+extern cpu_data_t       *cpu_data_ptr[];
 
-/* Macro to generate inline bodies to retrieve per-cpu data fields. */
-#define offsetof(TYPE,MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)
-#define CPU_DATA_GET(member,type)                                      \
-       type ret;                                                       \
-       __asm__ volatile ("movl %%gs:%P1,%0"                            \
-               : "=r" (ret)                                            \
-               : "i" (offsetof(cpu_data_t,member)));                   \
-       return ret;
+/*
+ * __SEG_GS marks %gs-relative operations:
+ *   https://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#memory-references-to-specified-segments
+ *   https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Named-Address-Spaces.html#x86-Named-Address-Spaces
+ */
+#if defined(__SEG_GS)
+// __seg_gs exists
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#define __seg_gs __attribute__((address_space(256)))
+#else
+#error use a compiler that supports address spaces or __seg_gs
+#endif
+
+#define CPU_DATA()            ((cpu_data_t __seg_gs *)0UL)
 
 /*
  * Everyone within the osfmk part of the kernel can use the fast
  * inline versions of these routines.  Everyone outside, must call
  * the real thing,
  */
+
+
+/*
+ * The "volatile" flavor of current_thread() is intended for use by
+ * scheduler code which may need to update the thread pointer in the
+ * course of a context switch.  Any call to current_thread() made
+ * prior to the thread pointer update should be safe to optimize away
+ * as it should be consistent with that thread's state to the extent
+ * the compiler can reason about it.  Likewise, the context switch
+ * path will eventually result in an arbitrary branch to the new
+ * thread's pc, about which the compiler won't be able to reason.
+ * Thus any compile-time optimization of current_thread() calls made
+ * within the new thread should be safely encapsulated in its
+ * register/stack state.  The volatile form therefore exists to cover
+ * the window between the thread pointer update and the branch to
+ * the new pc.
+ */
 static inline thread_t
-get_active_thread(void)
+get_active_thread_volatile(void)
 {
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_active_thread,thread_t)
+       return CPU_DATA()->cpu_active_thread;
 }
-#define current_thread_fast()          get_active_thread()
-#define current_thread()               current_thread_fast()
 
-static inline boolean_t
-get_is64bit(void)
+static inline __attribute__((const)) thread_t
+get_active_thread(void)
 {
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_is64bit, boolean_t)
+       return CPU_DATA()->cpu_active_thread;
 }
-#define cpu_mode_is64bit()             get_is64bit()
+
+#define current_thread_fast()           get_active_thread()
+#define current_thread_volatile()       get_active_thread_volatile()
+#define current_thread()                current_thread_fast()
+
+#define cpu_mode_is64bit()              TRUE
 
 static inline int
 get_preemption_level(void)
 {
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_preemption_level,int)
-}
-static inline int
-get_simple_lock_count(void)
-{
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_simple_lock_count,int)
+       return CPU_DATA()->cpu_preemption_level;
 }
 static inline int
 get_interrupt_level(void)
 {
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_interrupt_level,int)
+       return CPU_DATA()->cpu_interrupt_level;
 }
 static inline int
 get_cpu_number(void)
 {
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_number,int)
+       return CPU_DATA()->cpu_number;
+}
+static inline vm_offset_t
+get_current_percpu_base(void)
+{
+       return CPU_DATA()->cpu_pcpu_base;
 }
 static inline int
 get_cpu_phys_number(void)
 {
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_phys_number,int)
+       return CPU_DATA()->cpu_phys_number;
 }
-static inline struct
-cpu_core * get_cpu_core(void)
+
+static inline cpu_data_t *
+current_cpu_datap(void)
 {
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_core,struct cpu_core *)
+       return CPU_DATA()->cpu_this;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Facility to diagnose preemption-level imbalances, which are otherwise
+ * challenging to debug. On each operation that enables or disables preemption,
+ * we record a backtrace into a per-CPU ring buffer, along with the current
+ * preemption level and operation type. Thus, if an imbalance is observed,
+ * one can examine these per-CPU records to determine which codepath failed
+ * to re-enable preemption, enabled premption without a corresponding
+ * disablement etc. The backtracer determines which stack is currently active,
+ * and uses that to perform bounds checks on unterminated stacks.
+ * To enable, sysctl -w machdep.pltrace=1 on DEVELOPMENT or DEBUG kernels (DRK '15)
+ * The bounds check currently doesn't account for non-default thread stack sizes.
+ */
+#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
 static inline void
-disable_preemption(void)
+rbtrace_bt(uint64_t *rets, int maxframes, cpu_data_t *cdata, uint64_t frameptr, bool use_cursp)
 {
-       __asm__ volatile ("incl %%gs:%P0"
-                       :
-                       : "i" (offsetof(cpu_data_t, cpu_preemption_level)));
+       extern uint32_t         low_intstack[];         /* bottom */
+       extern uint32_t         low_eintstack[];        /* top */
+       extern char             mp_slave_stack[];
+       int                     btidx = 0;
+
+       uint64_t kstackb, kstackt;
+
+       /* Obtain the 'current' program counter, initial backtrace
+        * element. This will also indicate if we were unable to
+        * trace further up the stack for some reason
+        */
+       if (use_cursp) {
+               __asm__ volatile ("leaq 1f(%%rip), %%rax; mov %%rax, %0\n1:"
+                     : "=m" (rets[btidx++])
+                     :
+                     : "rax");
+       }
+
+       thread_t cplthread = cdata->cpu_active_thread;
+       if (cplthread) {
+               uintptr_t csp;
+               if (use_cursp == true) {
+                       __asm__ __volatile__ ("movq %%rsp, %0": "=r" (csp):);
+               } else {
+                       csp = frameptr;
+               }
+               /* Determine which stack we're on to populate stack bounds.
+                * We don't need to trace across stack boundaries for this
+                * routine.
+                */
+               kstackb = cdata->cpu_active_stack;
+               kstackt = kstackb + KERNEL_STACK_SIZE;
+               if (csp < kstackb || csp > kstackt) {
+                       kstackt = cdata->cpu_kernel_stack;
+                       kstackb = kstackt - KERNEL_STACK_SIZE;
+                       if (csp < kstackb || csp > kstackt) {
+                               kstackt = cdata->cpu_int_stack_top;
+                               kstackb = kstackt - INTSTACK_SIZE;
+                               if (csp < kstackb || csp > kstackt) {
+                                       kstackt = (uintptr_t)low_eintstack;
+                                       kstackb = kstackt - INTSTACK_SIZE;
+                                       if (csp < kstackb || csp > kstackt) {
+                                               kstackb = (uintptr_t) mp_slave_stack;
+                                               kstackt = kstackb + PAGE_SIZE;
+                                       } else {
+                                               kstackb = 0;
+                                               kstackt = 0;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (__probable(kstackb && kstackt)) {
+                       uint64_t *cfp = (uint64_t *) frameptr;
+                       int rbbtf;
+
+                       for (rbbtf = btidx; rbbtf < maxframes; rbbtf++) {
+                               if (((uint64_t)cfp == 0) || (((uint64_t)cfp < kstackb) || ((uint64_t)cfp > kstackt))) {
+                                       rets[rbbtf] = 0;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               rets[rbbtf] = *(cfp + 1);
+                               cfp = (uint64_t *) (*cfp);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
 }
 
+__attribute__((noinline))
 static inline void
-enable_preemption(void)
+pltrace_internal(boolean_t enable)
 {
-       assert(get_preemption_level() > 0);
+       cpu_data_t *cdata = current_cpu_datap();
+       int cpli = cdata->cpu_preemption_level;
+       int cplrecord = cdata->cpu_plri;
+       uint64_t *plbts;
+
+       assert(cpli >= 0);
+
+       cdata->plrecords[cplrecord].pltype = enable;
+       cdata->plrecords[cplrecord].plevel = cpli;
+
+       plbts = &cdata->plrecords[cplrecord].plbt[0];
+
+       cplrecord++;
+
+       if (cplrecord >= MAX_PREEMPTION_RECORDS) {
+               cplrecord = 0;
+       }
+
+       cdata->cpu_plri = cplrecord;
 
-       __asm__ volatile ("decl %%gs:%P0                \n\t"
-                         "jne 1f                       \n\t"
-                         "call _kernel_preempt_check   \n\t"
-                         "1:"
-                       : /* no outputs */
-                       : "i" (offsetof(cpu_data_t, cpu_preemption_level))
-                       : "eax", "ecx", "edx", "cc", "memory");
+       rbtrace_bt(plbts, MAX_TRACE_BTFRAMES - 1, cdata, (uint64_t)__builtin_frame_address(0), false);
+}
+
+extern int plctrace_enabled;
+
+static inline void
+iotrace(iotrace_type_e type, uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t paddr, int size, uint64_t val,
+    uint64_t sabs, uint64_t duration)
+{
+       cpu_data_t *cdata;
+       int cpu_num, nextidx;
+       iotrace_entry_t *cur_iotrace_ring;
+
+       if (__improbable(mmiotrace_enabled == 0 || iotrace_generators == 0)) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       cdata = current_cpu_datap();
+       cpu_num = cdata->cpu_number;
+       nextidx = iotrace_next[cpu_num];
+       cur_iotrace_ring = iotrace_ring[cpu_num];
+
+       cur_iotrace_ring[nextidx].iotype = type;
+       cur_iotrace_ring[nextidx].vaddr = vaddr;
+       cur_iotrace_ring[nextidx].paddr = paddr;
+       cur_iotrace_ring[nextidx].size = size;
+       cur_iotrace_ring[nextidx].val = val;
+       cur_iotrace_ring[nextidx].start_time_abs = sabs;
+       cur_iotrace_ring[nextidx].duration = duration;
+
+       iotrace_next[cpu_num] = ((nextidx + 1) >= iotrace_entries_per_cpu) ? 0 : (nextidx + 1);
+
+       rbtrace_bt(&cur_iotrace_ring[nextidx].backtrace[0],
+           MAX_TRACE_BTFRAMES - 1, cdata, (uint64_t)__builtin_frame_address(0), true);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t
+traptrace_start(int vecnum, uint64_t ipc, uint64_t sabs, uint64_t frameptr)
+{
+       cpu_data_t *cdata;
+       unsigned int cpu_num, nextidx;
+       traptrace_entry_t *cur_traptrace_ring;
+
+       if (__improbable(traptrace_enabled == 0 || traptrace_generators == 0)) {
+               return TRAPTRACE_INVALID_INDEX;
+       }
+
+       assert(ml_get_interrupts_enabled() == FALSE);
+       cdata = current_cpu_datap();
+       cpu_num = (unsigned int)cdata->cpu_number;
+       nextidx = (unsigned int)traptrace_next[cpu_num];
+       /* prevent nested interrupts from clobbering this record */
+       traptrace_next[cpu_num] = (int)(((nextidx + 1) >= (unsigned int)traptrace_entries_per_cpu) ? 0 : (nextidx + 1));
+
+       cur_traptrace_ring = traptrace_ring[cpu_num];
+
+       cur_traptrace_ring[nextidx].vector = vecnum;
+       cur_traptrace_ring[nextidx].curthread = current_thread();
+       cur_traptrace_ring[nextidx].interrupted_pc = ipc;
+       cur_traptrace_ring[nextidx].curpl = cdata->cpu_preemption_level;
+       cur_traptrace_ring[nextidx].curil = cdata->cpu_interrupt_level;
+       cur_traptrace_ring[nextidx].start_time_abs = sabs;
+       cur_traptrace_ring[nextidx].duration = ~0ULL;
+
+       rbtrace_bt(&cur_traptrace_ring[nextidx].backtrace[0],
+           MAX_TRACE_BTFRAMES - 1, cdata, frameptr, false);
+
+       assert(nextidx <= 0xFFFF);
+
+       return (uint32_t)((cpu_num << 16) | nextidx);
+}
+
+static inline void
+traptrace_end(uint32_t index, uint64_t eabs)
+{
+       if (index != TRAPTRACE_INVALID_INDEX) {
+               traptrace_entry_t *ttentp = &traptrace_ring[index >> 16][index & 0xFFFF];
+
+               ttentp->duration = eabs - ttentp->start_time_abs;
+       }
+}
+
+#endif /* DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG */
+
+__header_always_inline void
+pltrace(boolean_t plenable)
+{
+#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
+       if (__improbable(plctrace_enabled != 0)) {
+               pltrace_internal(plenable);
+       }
+#else
+       (void)plenable;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void
+disable_preemption_internal(void)
+{
+       assert(get_preemption_level() >= 0);
+
+       os_compiler_barrier();
+       CPU_DATA()->cpu_preemption_level++;
+       os_compiler_barrier();
+       pltrace(FALSE);
+}
+
+static inline void
+enable_preemption_internal(void)
+{
+       assert(get_preemption_level() > 0);
+       pltrace(TRUE);
+       os_compiler_barrier();
+       if (0 == --CPU_DATA()->cpu_preemption_level) {
+               kernel_preempt_check();
+       }
+       os_compiler_barrier();
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -272,22 +688,40 @@ enable_preemption_no_check(void)
 {
        assert(get_preemption_level() > 0);
 
-       __asm__ volatile ("decl %%gs:%P0"
-                       : /* no outputs */
-                       : "i" (offsetof(cpu_data_t, cpu_preemption_level))
-                       : "cc", "memory");
+       pltrace(TRUE);
+       os_compiler_barrier();
+       CPU_DATA()->cpu_preemption_level--;
+       os_compiler_barrier();
+}
+
+static inline void
+_enable_preemption_no_check(void)
+{
+       enable_preemption_no_check();
 }
 
 static inline void
 mp_disable_preemption(void)
 {
-       disable_preemption();
+       disable_preemption_internal();
+}
+
+static inline void
+_mp_disable_preemption(void)
+{
+       disable_preemption_internal();
 }
 
 static inline void
 mp_enable_preemption(void)
 {
-       enable_preemption();
+       enable_preemption_internal();
+}
+
+static inline void
+_mp_enable_preemption(void)
+{
+       enable_preemption_internal();
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -296,23 +730,39 @@ mp_enable_preemption_no_check(void)
        enable_preemption_no_check();
 }
 
-static inline cpu_data_t *
-current_cpu_datap(void)
+static inline void
+_mp_enable_preemption_no_check(void)
 {
-       CPU_DATA_GET(cpu_this, cpu_data_t *);
+       enable_preemption_no_check();
 }
 
+#ifdef XNU_KERNEL_PRIVATE
+#define disable_preemption() disable_preemption_internal()
+#define enable_preemption() enable_preemption_internal()
+#define MACHINE_PREEMPTION_MACROS (1)
+#endif
+
 static inline cpu_data_t *
 cpu_datap(int cpu)
 {
-       assert(cpu_data_ptr[cpu]);
        return cpu_data_ptr[cpu];
 }
 
-extern cpu_data_t *cpu_data_alloc(boolean_t is_boot_cpu);
+static inline int
+cpu_is_running(int cpu)
+{
+       return (cpu_datap(cpu) != NULL) && (cpu_datap(cpu)->cpu_running);
+}
 
-#else  /* !defined(__GNUC__) */
+#ifdef MACH_KERNEL_PRIVATE
+static inline cpu_data_t *
+cpu_shadowp(int cpu)
+{
+       return cpu_data_ptr[cpu]->cd_shadow;
+}
 
-#endif /* defined(__GNUC__) */
+#endif
+extern cpu_data_t *cpu_data_alloc(boolean_t is_boot_cpu);
+extern void cpu_data_realloc(void);
 
-#endif /* I386_CPU_DATA */
+#endif  /* I386_CPU_DATA */