]> git.saurik.com Git - apple/xnu.git/blobdiff - osfmk/kern/zalloc.c
xnu-3247.10.11.tar.gz
[apple/xnu.git] / osfmk / kern / zalloc.c
index d03746a4ea5a8221f956f5fe4e944be5e5550e74..6bcab735d1eb582b37a63afcb0d425544d4f75c4 100644 (file)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2000-2011 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2000-2014 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
  * 
  *
  */
 
+/* Returns TRUE if we rolled over the counter at factor */
+static inline boolean_t
+sample_counter(volatile uint32_t * count_p, uint32_t factor)
+{
+       uint32_t old_count, new_count;
+       boolean_t rolled_over;
+
+       do {
+               new_count = old_count = *count_p;
+
+               if (++new_count >= factor) {
+                       rolled_over = TRUE;
+                       new_count = 0;
+               } else {
+                       rolled_over = FALSE;
+               }
+
+       } while (!OSCompareAndSwap(old_count, new_count, count_p));
+
+       return rolled_over;
+}
 
 #if defined(__LP64__)
 #define ZP_POISON       0xdeadbeefdeadbeef
 #endif
 
 #define ZP_DEFAULT_SAMPLING_FACTOR 16
+#define ZP_DEFAULT_SCALE_FACTOR 4
 
 /*
  *  A zp_factor of 0 indicates zone poisoning is disabled,
 /* set by zp-factor=N boot arg, zero indicates non-tiny poisoning disabled */
 uint32_t        zp_factor               = 0;
 
+/* set by zp-scale=N boot arg, scales zp_factor by zone size */
+uint32_t        zp_scale                = 0;
+
 /* set in zp_init, zero indicates -no-zp boot-arg */
 vm_size_t       zp_tiny_zone_limit      = 0;
 
@@ -251,6 +276,7 @@ zp_init(void)
        zp_tiny_zone_limit = (vm_size_t) cpu_info.cache_line_size;
 
        zp_factor = ZP_DEFAULT_SAMPLING_FACTOR;
+       zp_scale  = ZP_DEFAULT_SCALE_FACTOR;
 
        //TODO: Bigger permutation?
        /*
@@ -284,6 +310,11 @@ zp_init(void)
                printf("Zone poisoning factor override: %u\n", zp_factor);
        }
 
+       /* zp-scale=XXXX: override how much zone size scales zp-factor by */
+       if (PE_parse_boot_argn("zp-scale", &zp_scale, sizeof(zp_scale))) {
+               printf("Zone poisoning scale factor override: %u\n", zp_scale);
+       }
+
        /* Initialize backup pointer random cookie for unpoisoned elements */
        zp_nopoison_cookie = (uintptr_t) early_random();
 
@@ -370,7 +401,7 @@ get_backup_ptr(vm_size_t  elem_size,
 static inline struct zone_page_metadata *
 get_zone_page_metadata(struct zone_free_element *element)
 {
-       return (struct zone_page_metadata *)(trunc_page((vm_offset_t)element) + PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct zone_page_metadata));
+       return (struct zone_page_metadata *)(trunc_page((vm_offset_t)element));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -448,17 +479,21 @@ is_sane_zone_element(zone_t      zone,
 /* Someone wrote to freed memory. */
 static inline void /* noreturn */
 zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone_t        zone,
+                                vm_offset_t   element,
                                 vm_offset_t   found,
                                 vm_offset_t   expected,
                                 vm_offset_t   offset)
 {
-       panic("a freed zone element has been modified: expected %p but found %p, bits changed %p, at offset %d of %d in zone: %s",
+       panic("a freed zone element has been modified in zone %s: expected %p but found %p, bits changed %p, at offset %d of %d in element %p, cookies %p %p",
+                        zone->zone_name,
              (void *)   expected,
              (void *)   found,
              (void *)   (expected ^ found),
              (uint32_t) offset,
              (uint32_t) zone->elem_size,
-                        zone->zone_name);
+             (void *)   element,
+             (void *)   zp_nopoison_cookie,
+             (void *)   zp_poisoned_cookie);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -469,6 +504,7 @@ zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone_t        zone,
  */
 static void /* noreturn */
 backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone_t        zone,
+                          vm_offset_t   element,
                           vm_offset_t   primary,
                           vm_offset_t   backup)
 {
@@ -478,6 +514,14 @@ backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone_t        zone,
        boolean_t   sane_primary = is_sane_zone_element(zone, primary);
        boolean_t   element_was_poisoned = (backup & 0x1) ? TRUE : FALSE;
 
+#if defined(__LP64__)
+       /* We can inspect the tag in the upper bits for additional confirmation */
+       if ((backup & 0xFFFFFF0000000000) == 0xFACADE0000000000)
+               element_was_poisoned = TRUE;
+       else if ((backup & 0xFFFFFF0000000000) == 0xC0FFEE0000000000)
+               element_was_poisoned = FALSE;
+#endif
+
        if (element_was_poisoned) {
                likely_backup = backup ^ zp_poisoned_cookie;
                sane_backup = is_sane_zone_element(zone, likely_backup);
@@ -488,11 +532,12 @@ backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone_t        zone,
 
        /* The primary is definitely the corrupted one */
        if (!sane_primary && sane_backup)
-               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone, primary, likely_backup, 0);
+               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone, element, primary, likely_backup, 0);
 
        /* The backup is definitely the corrupted one */
        if (sane_primary && !sane_backup)
-               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone, backup, primary,
+               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone, element, backup,
+                                               (primary ^ (element_was_poisoned ? zp_poisoned_cookie : zp_nopoison_cookie)),
                                                zone->elem_size - sizeof(vm_offset_t));
 
        /*
@@ -502,13 +547,12 @@ backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone_t        zone,
         * primary pointer has been overwritten with a sane but incorrect address.
         */
        if (sane_primary && sane_backup)
-               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone, primary, likely_backup, 0);
+               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone, element, primary, likely_backup, 0);
 
        /* Neither are sane, so just guess. */
-       zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone, primary, likely_backup, 0);
+       zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone, element, primary, likely_backup, 0);
 }
 
-
 /*
  * Sets the next element of tail to elem.
  * elem can be NULL.
@@ -532,6 +576,7 @@ append_zone_element(zone_t                    zone,
                *backup = new_next ^ zp_poisoned_cookie;
        else
                backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone,
+                                         (vm_offset_t) tail,
                                          old_next,
                                          old_backup);
 
@@ -563,11 +608,11 @@ add_list_to_zone(zone_t                    zone,
 /*
  * Adds the element to the head of the zone's free list
  * Keeps a backup next-pointer at the end of the element
- * Poisons the element with ZP_POISON every zp_factor frees
  */
 static inline void
 free_to_zone(zone_t      zone,
-             vm_offset_t element)
+             vm_offset_t element,
+             boolean_t   poison)
 {
        vm_offset_t old_head;
        struct zone_page_metadata *page_meta;
@@ -593,25 +638,6 @@ free_to_zone(zone_t      zone,
                panic("zfree: freeing invalid pointer %p to zone %s\n",
                      (void *) element, zone->zone_name);
 
-       boolean_t poison = FALSE;
-
-       /* Always poison tiny zones' elements (limit is 0 if -no-zp is set) */
-       if (zone->elem_size <= zp_tiny_zone_limit)
-               poison = TRUE;
-       else if (zp_factor != 0 && ++zone->zp_count >= zp_factor) {
-               /* Poison zone elements periodically */
-               zone->zp_count = 0;
-               poison = TRUE;
-       }
-
-       if (poison) {
-               /* memset_pattern{4|8} could help make this faster: <rdar://problem/4662004> */
-               vm_offset_t *element_cursor = primary + 1;
-
-               for ( ; element_cursor < backup; element_cursor++)
-                       *element_cursor = ZP_POISON;
-       }
-
        /*
         * Always write a redundant next pointer
         * So that it is more difficult to forge, xor it with a random cookie
@@ -657,11 +683,14 @@ free_to_zone(zone_t      zone,
  * and verifies that a poisoned element hasn't been modified.
  */
 static inline vm_offset_t
-try_alloc_from_zone(zone_t zone)
+try_alloc_from_zone(zone_t zone,
+                    boolean_t* check_poison)
 {
        vm_offset_t  element;
        struct zone_page_metadata *page_meta;
 
+       *check_poison = FALSE;
+
        /* if zone is empty, bail */
        if (zone->use_page_list) {
                if (zone->allows_foreign && !queue_empty(&zone->pages.any_free_foreign))
@@ -704,7 +733,7 @@ try_alloc_from_zone(zone_t zone)
         * should have been, and print it appropriately
         */
        if (__improbable(!is_sane_zone_element(zone, next_element)))
-               backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone, next_element, next_element_backup);
+               backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone, element, next_element, next_element_backup);
 
        /* Check the backup pointer for the regular cookie */
        if (__improbable(next_element != (next_element_backup ^ zp_nopoison_cookie))) {
@@ -712,20 +741,12 @@ try_alloc_from_zone(zone_t zone)
                /* Check for the poisoned cookie instead */
                if (__improbable(next_element != (next_element_backup ^ zp_poisoned_cookie)))
                        /* Neither cookie is valid, corruption has occurred */
-                       backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone, next_element, next_element_backup);
+                       backup_ptr_mismatch_panic(zone, element, next_element, next_element_backup);
 
                /*
-                * Element was marked as poisoned, so check its integrity,
-                * skipping the primary and backup pointers at the beginning and end.
+                * Element was marked as poisoned, so check its integrity before using it.
                 */
-               vm_offset_t *element_cursor = primary + 1;
-
-               for ( ; element_cursor < backup ; element_cursor++)
-                       if (__improbable(*element_cursor != ZP_POISON))
-                               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone,
-                                                               *element_cursor,
-                                                               ZP_POISON,
-                                                               ((vm_offset_t)element_cursor) - element);
+               *check_poison = TRUE;
        }
 
        if (zone->use_page_list) {
@@ -743,13 +764,6 @@ try_alloc_from_zone(zone_t zone)
                }
        }
 
-       /*
-        * Clear out the old next pointer and backup to avoid leaking the cookie
-        * and so that only values on the freelist have a valid cookie
-        */
-       *primary = ZP_POISON;
-       *backup  = ZP_POISON;
-
        /* Remove this element from the free list */
        if (zone->use_page_list) {
 
@@ -800,21 +814,6 @@ struct fake_zone_info {
 };
 
 static const struct fake_zone_info fake_zones[] = {
-       {
-               .name = "kernel_stacks",
-               .init = stack_fake_zone_init,
-               .query = stack_fake_zone_info,
-       },
-       {
-               .name = "page_tables",
-               .init = pt_fake_zone_init,
-               .query = pt_fake_zone_info,
-       },
-       {
-               .name = "kalloc.large",
-               .init = kalloc_fake_zone_init,
-               .query = kalloc_fake_zone_info,
-       },
 };
 static const unsigned int num_fake_zones =
        sizeof (fake_zones) / sizeof (fake_zones[0]);
@@ -921,6 +920,10 @@ zone_t             zinfo_zone = ZONE_NULL; /* zone of per-task zone info */
 
 vm_offset_t    zdata;
 vm_size_t      zdata_size;
+/*
+ * Align elements that use the zone page list to 32 byte boundaries.
+ */
+#define ZONE_ELEMENT_ALIGNMENT 32
 
 #define zone_wakeup(zone) thread_wakeup((event_t)(zone))
 #define zone_sleep(zone)                               \
@@ -984,6 +987,9 @@ boolean_t zone_gc_forced = FALSE;
 boolean_t panic_include_zprint = FALSE;
 boolean_t zone_gc_allowed_by_time_throttle = TRUE;
 
+vm_offset_t panic_kext_memory_info = 0;
+vm_size_t panic_kext_memory_size = 0;
+
 #define ZALLOC_DEBUG_ZONEGC            0x00000001
 #define ZALLOC_DEBUG_ZCRAM             0x00000002
 uint32_t zalloc_debug = 0;
@@ -1296,12 +1302,12 @@ zleak_activate(void)
        lck_spin_unlock(&zleak_lock);
 
        /* Allocate and zero tables */
-       retval = kmem_alloc_kobject(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t*)&allocations_ptr, z_alloc_size);
+       retval = kmem_alloc_kobject(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t*)&allocations_ptr, z_alloc_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_OSFMK);
        if (retval != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                goto fail;
        }
 
-       retval = kmem_alloc_kobject(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t*)&traces_ptr, z_trace_size);
+       retval = kmem_alloc_kobject(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t*)&traces_ptr, z_trace_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_OSFMK);
        if (retval != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                goto fail;
        }
@@ -1723,10 +1729,19 @@ use_this_allocation:
         * to its page_metadata, and if the wastage in the tail of
         * the allocation is not too large
         */
-       if (alloc == PAGE_SIZE) {
-               if ((PAGE_SIZE % size) >= sizeof(struct zone_page_metadata)) {
-                       use_page_list = TRUE;
-               } else if ((PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct zone_page_metadata)) % size <= PAGE_SIZE / 100) {
+
+       /* zone_zone can't use page metadata since the page metadata will overwrite zone metadata */
+       if (alloc == PAGE_SIZE && zone_zone != ZONE_NULL) {
+               vm_offset_t first_element_offset;
+               size_t zone_page_metadata_size = sizeof(struct zone_page_metadata);
+
+               if (zone_page_metadata_size % ZONE_ELEMENT_ALIGNMENT == 0) {
+                       first_element_offset = zone_page_metadata_size;
+               } else {
+                       first_element_offset = zone_page_metadata_size + (ZONE_ELEMENT_ALIGNMENT - (zone_page_metadata_size % ZONE_ELEMENT_ALIGNMENT));
+               }
+
+               if (((PAGE_SIZE - first_element_offset) % size) <= PAGE_SIZE / 100) {
                        use_page_list = TRUE;
                }
        }
@@ -1745,7 +1760,8 @@ use_this_allocation:
        z->count = 0;
        z->countfree = 0;
        z->sum_count = 0LL;
-       z->doing_alloc = FALSE;
+       z->doing_alloc_without_vm_priv = FALSE;
+       z->doing_alloc_with_vm_priv = FALSE;
        z->doing_gc = FALSE;
        z->exhaustible = FALSE;
        z->collectable = TRUE;
@@ -1836,7 +1852,8 @@ static void zone_replenish_thread(zone_t z) {
                lock_zone(z);
                assert(z->prio_refill_watermark != 0);
                while ((free_size = (z->cur_size - (z->count * z->elem_size))) < (z->prio_refill_watermark * z->elem_size)) {
-                       assert(z->doing_alloc == FALSE);
+                       assert(z->doing_alloc_without_vm_priv == FALSE);
+                       assert(z->doing_alloc_with_vm_priv == FALSE);
                        assert(z->async_prio_refill == TRUE);
 
                        unlock_zone(z);
@@ -1852,19 +1869,18 @@ static void zone_replenish_thread(zone_t z) {
                        if (z->noencrypt)
                                zflags |= KMA_NOENCRYPT;
                                
-                       kr = kernel_memory_allocate(zone_map, &space, alloc_size, 0, zflags);
+                       kr = kernel_memory_allocate(zone_map, &space, alloc_size, 0, zflags, VM_KERN_MEMORY_ZONE);
 
                        if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
 #if    ZONE_ALIAS_ADDR
                                if (alloc_size == PAGE_SIZE)
                                        space = zone_alias_addr(space);
 #endif
-                               ZONE_PAGE_COUNT_INCR(z, (alloc_size / PAGE_SIZE));      
                                zcram(z, space, alloc_size);
                        } else if (kr == KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE) {
                                VM_PAGE_WAIT();
                        } else if (kr == KERN_NO_SPACE) {
-                               kr = kernel_memory_allocate(kernel_map, &space, alloc_size, 0, zflags);
+                               kr = kernel_memory_allocate(kernel_map, &space, alloc_size, 0, zflags, VM_KERN_MEMORY_ZONE);
                                if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
 #if    ZONE_ALIAS_ADDR
                                        if (alloc_size == PAGE_SIZE)
@@ -1909,7 +1925,7 @@ zone_prio_refill_configure(zone_t z, vm_size_t low_water_mark) {
 }
 
 /*
- *     Cram the given memory into the specified zone.
+ *     Cram the given memory into the specified zone. Update the zone page count accordingly.
  */
 void
 zcram(
@@ -1937,17 +1953,20 @@ zcram(
        if (from_zm && !zone->use_page_list)
                zone_page_init(newmem, size);
 
+       ZONE_PAGE_COUNT_INCR(zone, (size / PAGE_SIZE));
+
        lock_zone(zone);
 
        if (zone->use_page_list) {
                struct zone_page_metadata *page_metadata;
+               size_t zone_page_metadata_size = sizeof(struct zone_page_metadata);
 
                assert((newmem & PAGE_MASK) == 0);
                assert((size & PAGE_MASK) == 0);
                for (; size > 0; newmem += PAGE_SIZE, size -= PAGE_SIZE) {
 
                        vm_size_t pos_in_page;
-                       page_metadata = (struct zone_page_metadata *)(newmem + PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct zone_page_metadata));
+                       page_metadata = (struct zone_page_metadata *)(newmem);
                        
                        page_metadata->pages.next = NULL;
                        page_metadata->pages.prev = NULL;
@@ -1958,18 +1977,17 @@ zcram(
 
                        enqueue_tail(&zone->pages.all_used, (queue_entry_t)page_metadata);
 
-                       for (pos_in_page = 0; (newmem + pos_in_page + elem_size) < (vm_offset_t)page_metadata; pos_in_page += elem_size) {
+                       vm_offset_t first_element_offset;
+                       if (zone_page_metadata_size % ZONE_ELEMENT_ALIGNMENT == 0){
+                               first_element_offset = zone_page_metadata_size;
+                       } else {
+                               first_element_offset = zone_page_metadata_size + (ZONE_ELEMENT_ALIGNMENT - (zone_page_metadata_size % ZONE_ELEMENT_ALIGNMENT));
+                       }
+
+                       for (pos_in_page = first_element_offset; (newmem + pos_in_page + elem_size) < (vm_offset_t)(newmem + PAGE_SIZE); pos_in_page += elem_size) {
                                page_metadata->alloc_count++;
                                zone->count++;  /* compensate for free_to_zone */
-                               if ((newmem + pos_in_page) == (vm_offset_t)zone) {
-                                       /*
-                                        * special case for the "zone_zone" zone, which is using the first
-                                        * allocation of its pmap_steal_memory()-ed allocation for
-                                        * the "zone_zone" variable already.
-                                        */
-                               } else {
-                                       free_to_zone(zone, newmem + pos_in_page);
-                               }
+                               free_to_zone(zone, newmem + pos_in_page, FALSE);
                                zone->cur_size += elem_size;
                        }
                }
@@ -1979,7 +1997,7 @@ zcram(
                        if (newmem == (vm_offset_t)zone) {
                                /* Don't free zone_zone zone */
                        } else {
-                               free_to_zone(zone, newmem);
+                               free_to_zone(zone, newmem, FALSE);
                        }
                        if (from_zm)
                                zone_page_alloc(newmem, elem_size);
@@ -2031,12 +2049,11 @@ zfill(
                return 0;
        size = nelem * zone->elem_size;
        size = round_page(size);
-       kr = kmem_alloc_kobject(kernel_map, &memory, size);
+       kr = kmem_alloc_kobject(kernel_map, &memory, size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_ZONE);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
                return 0;
 
        zone_change(zone, Z_FOREIGN, TRUE);
-       ZONE_PAGE_COUNT_INCR(zone, (size / PAGE_SIZE));
        zcram(zone, memory, size);
        nalloc = (int)(size / zone->elem_size);
        assert(nalloc >= nelem);
@@ -2117,6 +2134,7 @@ zone_bootstrap(void)
        zone_change(zone_zone, Z_NOENCRYPT, TRUE);
 
        zcram(zone_zone, zdata, zdata_size);
+       VM_PAGE_MOVE_STOLEN(atop_64(zdata_size));
 
        /* initialize fake zones and zone info if tracking by task */
        if (zinfo_per_task) {
@@ -2164,7 +2182,7 @@ zone_init(
        vm_offset_t     zone_max;
 
        retval = kmem_suballoc(kernel_map, &zone_min, max_zonemap_size,
-                              FALSE, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE | VM_FLAGS_PERMANENT,
+                              FALSE, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE | VM_FLAGS_PERMANENT | VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_KERN_MEMORY_ZONE),
                               &zone_map);
 
        if (retval != KERN_SUCCESS)
@@ -2179,6 +2197,19 @@ zone_init(
        zone_map_min_address = zone_min;
        zone_map_max_address = zone_max;
 
+#if defined(__LP64__)
+       /*
+        * ensure that any vm_page_t that gets created from
+        * the vm_page zone can be packed properly (see vm_page.h
+        * for the packing requirements
+        */
+       if (VM_PAGE_UNPACK_PTR(VM_PAGE_PACK_PTR(zone_map_min_address)) != (vm_page_t)zone_map_min_address)
+               panic("VM_PAGE_PACK_PTR failed on zone_map_min_address - %p", (void *)zone_map_min_address);
+
+       if (VM_PAGE_UNPACK_PTR(VM_PAGE_PACK_PTR(zone_map_max_address)) != (vm_page_t)zone_map_max_address)
+               panic("VM_PAGE_PACK_PTR failed on zone_map_max_address - %p", (void *)zone_map_max_address);
+#endif
+
        zone_pages = (unsigned int)atop_kernel(zone_max - zone_min);
        zone_page_table_used_size = sizeof(zone_page_table);
 
@@ -2231,7 +2262,7 @@ zone_page_table_expand(zone_page_index_t pindex)
                struct zone_page_table_entry *entry_array;
 
                if (kmem_alloc_kobject(zone_map, &second_level_array,
-                                                          second_level_size) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                                                          second_level_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_OSFMK) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        panic("zone_page_table_expand");
                }
                zone_map_table_page_count += (second_level_size / PAGE_SIZE);
@@ -2280,10 +2311,11 @@ extern volatile SInt32 kfree_nop_count;
 /*
  *     zalloc returns an element from the specified zone.
  */
-void *
-zalloc_canblock(
+static void *
+zalloc_internal(
        zone_t  zone,
-       boolean_t canblock)
+       boolean_t canblock,
+       boolean_t nopagewait)
 {
        vm_offset_t     addr = 0;
        kern_return_t   retval;
@@ -2294,6 +2326,8 @@ zalloc_canblock(
        boolean_t       did_gzalloc = FALSE;
 #endif
        thread_t thr = current_thread();
+       boolean_t       check_poison = FALSE;
+       boolean_t       set_doing_alloc_with_vm_priv = FALSE;
 
 #if CONFIG_ZLEAKS
        uint32_t        zleak_tracedepth = 0;  /* log this allocation if nonzero */
@@ -2312,25 +2346,22 @@ zalloc_canblock(
        if (__improbable(DO_LOGGING(zone)))
                numsaved = OSBacktrace((void*) zbt, MAX_ZTRACE_DEPTH);
 
-       lock_zone(zone);
-
-       
 #if CONFIG_ZLEAKS
-       /* 
+       /*
         * Zone leak detection: capture a backtrace every zleak_sample_factor
-        * allocations in this zone. 
+        * allocations in this zone.
         */
-       if (zone->zleak_on && (++zone->zleak_capture >= zleak_sample_factor)) {
-               zone->zleak_capture = 0;
-               
+       if (__improbable(zone->zleak_on && sample_counter(&zone->zleak_capture, zleak_sample_factor) == TRUE)) {
                /* Avoid backtracing twice if zone logging is on */
-               if (numsaved == 0 )
+               if (numsaved == 0)
                        zleak_tracedepth = fastbacktrace(zbt, MAX_ZTRACE_DEPTH);
                else
                        zleak_tracedepth = numsaved;
        }
 #endif /* CONFIG_ZLEAKS */
 
+       lock_zone(zone);
+
        if (zone->async_prio_refill && zone->zone_replenish_thread) {
                    do {
                            vm_size_t zfreec = (zone->cur_size - (zone->count * zone->elem_size));
@@ -2363,26 +2394,40 @@ zalloc_canblock(
        }
        
        if (__probable(addr == 0))
-               addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone);
+               addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone, &check_poison);
 
 
        while ((addr == 0) && canblock) {
                /*
-                *      If nothing was there, try to get more
+                * zone is empty, try to expand it
+                * 
+                * Note that we now allow up to 2 threads (1 vm_privliged and 1 non-vm_privliged)
+                * to expand the zone concurrently...  this is necessary to avoid stalling
+                * vm_privileged threads running critical code necessary to continue compressing/swapping
+                * pages (i.e. making new free pages) from stalling behind non-vm_privileged threads
+                * waiting to acquire free pages when the vm_page_free_count is below the
+                * vm_page_free_reserved limit.
                 */
-               if (zone->doing_alloc) {
+               if ((zone->doing_alloc_without_vm_priv || zone->doing_alloc_with_vm_priv) &&
+                   (((thr->options & TH_OPT_VMPRIV) == 0) || zone->doing_alloc_with_vm_priv)) {
                        /*
-                        *      Someone is allocating memory for this zone.
-                        *      Wait for it to show up, then try again.
+                        * This is a non-vm_privileged thread and a non-vm_privileged or
+                        * a vm_privileged thread is already expanding the zone...
+                        *    OR
+                        * this is a vm_privileged thread and a vm_privileged thread is
+                        * already expanding the zone...
+                        *
+                        * In either case wait for a thread to finish, then try again.
                         */
                        zone->waiting = TRUE;
                        zone_sleep(zone);
                } else if (zone->doing_gc) {
-                       /* zone_gc() is running. Since we need an element
+                       /*
+                        * zone_gc() is running. Since we need an element
                         * from the free list that is currently being
-                        * collected, set the waiting bit and try to
-                        * interrupt the GC process, and try again
-                        * when we obtain the lock.
+                        * collected, set the waiting bit and 
+                        * wait for the GC process to finish
+                        * before trying again
                         */
                        zone->waiting = TRUE;
                        zone_sleep(zone);
@@ -2418,12 +2463,17 @@ zalloc_canblock(
                                        panic("zalloc: zone \"%s\" empty.", zone->zone_name);
                                }
                        }
-                       zone->doing_alloc = TRUE;
+                       if ((thr->options & TH_OPT_VMPRIV)) {
+                               zone->doing_alloc_with_vm_priv = TRUE;
+                               set_doing_alloc_with_vm_priv = TRUE;
+                       } else {
+                               zone->doing_alloc_without_vm_priv = TRUE;
+                       }
                        unlock_zone(zone);
 
                        for (;;) {
                                int     zflags = KMA_KOBJECT|KMA_NOPAGEWAIT;
-                               
+
                                if (vm_pool_low() || retry >= 1)
                                        alloc_size = 
                                                round_page(zone->elem_size);
@@ -2433,7 +2483,7 @@ zalloc_canblock(
                                if (zone->noencrypt)
                                        zflags |= KMA_NOENCRYPT;
                                
-                               retval = kernel_memory_allocate(zone_map, &space, alloc_size, 0, zflags);
+                               retval = kernel_memory_allocate(zone_map, &space, alloc_size, 0, zflags, VM_KERN_MEMORY_ZONE);
                                if (retval == KERN_SUCCESS) {
 #if    ZONE_ALIAS_ADDR
                                        if (alloc_size == PAGE_SIZE)
@@ -2458,7 +2508,6 @@ zalloc_canblock(
                                                }       
                                        }
 #endif /* CONFIG_ZLEAKS */
-                                       ZONE_PAGE_COUNT_INCR(zone, (alloc_size / PAGE_SIZE));
                                        zcram(zone, space, alloc_size);
                                        
                                        break;
@@ -2491,22 +2540,29 @@ zalloc_canblock(
                                }
                        }
                        lock_zone(zone);
-                       zone->doing_alloc = FALSE; 
+
+                       if (set_doing_alloc_with_vm_priv == TRUE)
+                               zone->doing_alloc_with_vm_priv = FALSE;
+                       else
+                               zone->doing_alloc_without_vm_priv = FALSE; 
+                       
                        if (zone->waiting) {
-                               zone->waiting = FALSE;
+                               zone->waiting = FALSE;
                                zone_wakeup(zone);
                        }
-                       addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone);
+                       addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone, &check_poison);
                        if (addr == 0 &&
-                               retval == KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE) {
+                           retval == KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE) {
+                               if (nopagewait == TRUE)
+                                       break;  /* out of the main while loop */
                                unlock_zone(zone);
-                               
+
                                VM_PAGE_WAIT();
                                lock_zone(zone);
                        }
                }
                if (addr == 0)
-                       addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone);
+                       addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone, &check_poison);
        }
 
 #if CONFIG_ZLEAKS
@@ -2523,12 +2579,12 @@ zalloc_canblock(
 #endif /* CONFIG_ZLEAKS */                     
                        
                        
-       if ((addr == 0) && !canblock && (zone->async_pending == FALSE) && (zone->no_callout == FALSE) && (zone->exhaustible == FALSE) && (!vm_pool_low())) {
+       if ((addr == 0) && (!canblock || nopagewait) && (zone->async_pending == FALSE) && (zone->no_callout == FALSE) && (zone->exhaustible == FALSE) && (!vm_pool_low())) {
                zone->async_pending = TRUE;
                unlock_zone(zone);
                thread_call_enter(&call_async_alloc);
                lock_zone(zone);
-               addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone);
+               addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone, &check_poison);
        }
 
        /*
@@ -2541,15 +2597,44 @@ zalloc_canblock(
                btlog_add_entry(zlog_btlog, (void *)addr, ZOP_ALLOC, (void **)zbt, numsaved);
        }
 
+       vm_offset_t     inner_size = zone->elem_size;
+       
 #if    ZONE_DEBUG
        if (!did_gzalloc && addr && zone_debug_enabled(zone)) {
                enqueue_tail(&zone->active_zones, (queue_entry_t)addr);
                addr += ZONE_DEBUG_OFFSET;
+               inner_size -= ZONE_DEBUG_OFFSET;
        }
 #endif
 
        unlock_zone(zone);
 
+       if (__improbable(check_poison && addr)) {
+               vm_offset_t *element_cursor  = ((vm_offset_t *) addr) + 1;
+               vm_offset_t *backup  = get_backup_ptr(inner_size, (vm_offset_t *) addr);
+
+               for ( ; element_cursor < backup ; element_cursor++)
+                       if (__improbable(*element_cursor != ZP_POISON))
+                               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone,
+                                                               addr,
+                                                               *element_cursor,
+                                                               ZP_POISON,
+                                                               ((vm_offset_t)element_cursor) - addr);
+       }
+
+       if (addr) {
+               /*
+                * Clear out the old next pointer and backup to avoid leaking the cookie
+                * and so that only values on the freelist have a valid cookie
+                */
+
+               vm_offset_t *primary  = (vm_offset_t *) addr;
+               vm_offset_t *backup   = get_backup_ptr(inner_size, primary);
+
+               *primary = ZP_POISON;
+               *backup  = ZP_POISON;
+       }
+
        TRACE_MACHLEAKS(ZALLOC_CODE, ZALLOC_CODE_2, zone->elem_size, addr);
 
        if (addr) {
@@ -2570,19 +2655,30 @@ zalloc_canblock(
 
 
 void *
-zalloc(
-       register zone_t zone)
+zalloc(zone_t zone)
+{
+       return (zalloc_internal(zone, TRUE, FALSE));
+}
+
+void *
+zalloc_noblock(zone_t zone)
+{
+       return (zalloc_internal(zone, FALSE, FALSE));
+}
+
+void *
+zalloc_nopagewait(zone_t zone)
 {
-  return( zalloc_canblock(zone, TRUE) );
+       return (zalloc_internal(zone, TRUE, TRUE));
 }
 
 void *
-zalloc_noblock(
-              register zone_t zone)
+zalloc_canblock(zone_t zone, boolean_t canblock)
 {
-  return( zalloc_canblock(zone, FALSE) );
+       return (zalloc_internal(zone, canblock, FALSE));
 }
 
+
 void
 zalloc_async(
        __unused thread_call_param_t          p0,
@@ -2636,6 +2732,7 @@ zget(
        register zone_t zone)
 {
        vm_offset_t     addr;
+       boolean_t       check_poison = FALSE;
        
 #if CONFIG_ZLEAKS
        uintptr_t       zbt[MAX_ZTRACE_DEPTH];          /* used for zone leak detection */
@@ -2644,24 +2741,27 @@ zget(
 
        assert( zone != ZONE_NULL );
 
-       if (!lock_try_zone(zone))
-               return NULL;
-       
 #if CONFIG_ZLEAKS
        /*
         * Zone leak detection: capture a backtrace
         */
-       if (zone->zleak_on && (++zone->zleak_capture >= zleak_sample_factor)) {
-               zone->zleak_capture = 0;
+       if (__improbable(zone->zleak_on && sample_counter(&zone->zleak_capture, zleak_sample_factor) == TRUE)) {
                zleak_tracedepth = fastbacktrace(zbt, MAX_ZTRACE_DEPTH);
        }
 #endif /* CONFIG_ZLEAKS */
 
-       addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone);
+       if (!lock_try_zone(zone))
+               return NULL;
+       
+       addr = try_alloc_from_zone(zone, &check_poison);
+
+       vm_offset_t     inner_size = zone->elem_size;
+       
 #if    ZONE_DEBUG
        if (addr && zone_debug_enabled(zone)) {
                enqueue_tail(&zone->active_zones, (queue_entry_t)addr);
                addr += ZONE_DEBUG_OFFSET;
+               inner_size -= ZONE_DEBUG_OFFSET;
        }
 #endif /* ZONE_DEBUG */
        
@@ -2680,6 +2780,31 @@ zget(
        
        unlock_zone(zone);
 
+       if (__improbable(check_poison && addr)) {
+               vm_offset_t *element_cursor  = ((vm_offset_t *) addr) + 1;
+               vm_offset_t *backup  = get_backup_ptr(inner_size, (vm_offset_t *) addr);
+
+               for ( ; element_cursor < backup ; element_cursor++)
+                       if (__improbable(*element_cursor != ZP_POISON))
+                               zone_element_was_modified_panic(zone,
+                                                               addr,
+                                                               *element_cursor,
+                                                               ZP_POISON,
+                                                               ((vm_offset_t)element_cursor) - addr);
+       }
+
+       if (addr) {
+               /*
+                * Clear out the old next pointer and backup to avoid leaking the cookie
+                * and so that only values on the freelist have a valid cookie
+                */
+               vm_offset_t *primary  = (vm_offset_t *) addr;
+               vm_offset_t *backup   = get_backup_ptr(inner_size, primary);
+
+               *primary = ZP_POISON;
+               *backup  = ZP_POISON;
+       }
+
        return((void *) addr);
 }
 
@@ -2747,6 +2872,7 @@ zfree(
        uintptr_t       zbt[MAX_ZTRACE_DEPTH];                  /* only used if zone logging is enabled via boot-args */
        int             numsaved = 0;
        boolean_t       gzfreed = FALSE;
+       boolean_t       poison = FALSE;
 
        assert(zone != ZONE_NULL);
 
@@ -2818,6 +2944,41 @@ zfree(
                return;
        }
 
+       if ((zp_factor != 0 || zp_tiny_zone_limit != 0) && !gzfreed) {
+               /*
+                * Poison the memory before it ends up on the freelist to catch
+                * use-after-free and use of uninitialized memory
+                *
+                * Always poison tiny zones' elements (limit is 0 if -no-zp is set)
+                * Also poison larger elements periodically
+                */
+
+               vm_offset_t     inner_size = zone->elem_size;
+
+#if    ZONE_DEBUG
+               if (!gzfreed && zone_debug_enabled(zone)) {
+                       inner_size -= ZONE_DEBUG_OFFSET;
+               }
+#endif
+               uint32_t sample_factor = zp_factor + (((uint32_t)inner_size) >> zp_scale);
+
+               if (inner_size <= zp_tiny_zone_limit)
+                       poison = TRUE;
+               else if (zp_factor != 0 && sample_counter(&zone->zp_count, sample_factor) == TRUE)
+                       poison = TRUE;
+
+               if (__improbable(poison)) {
+
+                       /* memset_pattern{4|8} could help make this faster: <rdar://problem/4662004> */
+                       /* Poison everything but primary and backup */
+                       vm_offset_t *element_cursor  = ((vm_offset_t *) elem) + 1;
+                       vm_offset_t *backup   = get_backup_ptr(inner_size, (vm_offset_t *)elem);
+
+                       for ( ; element_cursor < backup; element_cursor++)
+                               *element_cursor = ZP_POISON;
+               }
+       }
+
        lock_zone(zone);
 
        /*
@@ -2867,7 +3028,7 @@ zfree(
        }
 
        if (__probable(!gzfreed))
-               free_to_zone(zone, elem);
+               free_to_zone(zone, elem, poison);
 
 #if MACH_ASSERT
        if (zone->count < 0)
@@ -2955,6 +3116,13 @@ zone_change(
                        break;
                case Z_ALIGNMENT_REQUIRED:
                        zone->alignment_required = value;
+                       /*
+                        * Disable the page list optimization here to provide
+                        * more of an alignment guarantee. This prevents
+                        * the alignment from being modified by the metadata stored
+                        * at the beginning of the page.
+                        */
+                       zone->use_page_list = FALSE;
 #if    ZONE_DEBUG                      
                        zone_debug_disable(zone);
 #endif
@@ -3196,7 +3364,7 @@ zone_page_free_element(
 }
 
 
-
+#define ZONEGC_SMALL_ELEMENT_SIZE      4096
 
 struct {
        uint64_t        zgc_invoked;
@@ -3268,7 +3436,7 @@ zone_gc(boolean_t all_zones)
                if (!z->collectable)
                        continue;
 
-               if (all_zones == FALSE && z->elem_size < PAGE_SIZE && !z->use_page_list)
+               if (all_zones == FALSE && z->elem_size < ZONEGC_SMALL_ELEMENT_SIZE && !z->use_page_list)
                        continue;
 
                lock_zone(z);
@@ -3744,14 +3912,14 @@ task_zone_info(
 
        names_size = round_page(max_zones * sizeof *names);
        kr = kmem_alloc_pageable(ipc_kernel_map,
-                                &names_addr, names_size);
+                                &names_addr, names_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
                return kr;
        names = (mach_zone_name_t *) names_addr;
 
        info_size = round_page(max_zones * sizeof *info);
        kr = kmem_alloc_pageable(ipc_kernel_map,
-                                &info_addr, info_size);
+                                &info_addr, info_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                kmem_free(ipc_kernel_map,
                          names_addr, names_size);
@@ -3782,7 +3950,7 @@ task_zone_info(
                zn->mzn_name[sizeof zn->mzn_name - 1] = '\0';
 
                zi->tzi_count = (uint64_t)zcopy.count;
-               zi->tzi_cur_size = (uint64_t)zcopy.cur_size;
+               zi->tzi_cur_size = ptoa_64(zcopy.page_count);
                zi->tzi_max_size = (uint64_t)zcopy.max_size;
                zi->tzi_elem_size = (uint64_t)zcopy.elem_size;
                zi->tzi_alloc_size = (uint64_t)zcopy.alloc_size;
@@ -3842,7 +4010,7 @@ task_zone_info(
                bzero((char *) (names_addr + used), names_size - used);
 
        kr = vm_map_copyin(ipc_kernel_map, (vm_map_address_t)names_addr,
-                          (vm_map_size_t)names_size, TRUE, &copy);
+                          (vm_map_size_t)used, TRUE, &copy);
        assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
 
        *namesp = (mach_zone_name_t *) copy;
@@ -3854,7 +4022,7 @@ task_zone_info(
                bzero((char *) (info_addr + used), info_size - used);
 
        kr = vm_map_copyin(ipc_kernel_map, (vm_map_address_t)info_addr,
-                          (vm_map_size_t)info_size, TRUE, &copy);
+                          (vm_map_size_t)used, TRUE, &copy);
        assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
 
        *infop = (task_zone_info_t *) copy;
@@ -3885,13 +4053,34 @@ mach_zone_info(
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *namesCntp,
        mach_zone_info_array_t  *infop,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *infoCntp)
+{
+       return (mach_memory_info(host, namesp, namesCntp, infop, infoCntp, NULL, NULL));
+}
+
+kern_return_t
+mach_memory_info(
+       host_priv_t             host,
+       mach_zone_name_array_t  *namesp,
+       mach_msg_type_number_t  *namesCntp,
+       mach_zone_info_array_t  *infop,
+       mach_msg_type_number_t  *infoCntp,
+       mach_memory_info_array_t *memoryInfop,
+       mach_msg_type_number_t   *memoryInfoCntp)
 {
        mach_zone_name_t        *names;
        vm_offset_t             names_addr;
        vm_size_t               names_size;
+
        mach_zone_info_t        *info;
        vm_offset_t             info_addr;
        vm_size_t               info_size;
+
+       mach_memory_info_t      *memory_info;
+       vm_offset_t             memory_info_addr;
+       vm_size_t               memory_info_size;
+       vm_size_t               memory_info_vmsize;
+        unsigned int           num_sites;
+
        unsigned int            max_zones, i;
        zone_t                  z;
        mach_zone_name_t        *zn;
@@ -3921,22 +4110,49 @@ mach_zone_info(
 
        names_size = round_page(max_zones * sizeof *names);
        kr = kmem_alloc_pageable(ipc_kernel_map,
-                                &names_addr, names_size);
+                                &names_addr, names_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
                return kr;
        names = (mach_zone_name_t *) names_addr;
 
        info_size = round_page(max_zones * sizeof *info);
        kr = kmem_alloc_pageable(ipc_kernel_map,
-                                &info_addr, info_size);
+                                &info_addr, info_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                kmem_free(ipc_kernel_map,
                          names_addr, names_size);
                return kr;
        }
-
        info = (mach_zone_info_t *) info_addr;
 
+       num_sites = 0;
+       memory_info_addr = 0;
+       if (memoryInfop && memoryInfoCntp)
+       {
+               num_sites = VM_KERN_MEMORY_COUNT + VM_KERN_COUNTER_COUNT;
+               memory_info_size = num_sites * sizeof(*info);
+               memory_info_vmsize = round_page(memory_info_size);
+               kr = kmem_alloc_pageable(ipc_kernel_map,
+                                        &memory_info_addr, memory_info_vmsize, VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       kmem_free(ipc_kernel_map,
+                                 names_addr, names_size);
+                       kmem_free(ipc_kernel_map,
+                                 info_addr, info_size);
+                       return kr;
+               }
+
+               kr = vm_map_wire(ipc_kernel_map, memory_info_addr, memory_info_addr + memory_info_vmsize,
+                                    VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE|VM_PROT_MEMORY_TAG_MAKE(VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC), FALSE);
+               assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+
+               memory_info = (mach_memory_info_t *) memory_info_addr;
+               vm_page_diagnose(memory_info, num_sites);
+
+               kr = vm_map_unwire(ipc_kernel_map, memory_info_addr, memory_info_addr + memory_info_vmsize, FALSE);
+               assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+       }
+
        zn = &names[0];
        zi = &info[0];
 
@@ -3959,7 +4175,7 @@ mach_zone_info(
                zn->mzn_name[sizeof zn->mzn_name - 1] = '\0';
 
                zi->mzi_count = (uint64_t)zcopy.count;
-               zi->mzi_cur_size = (uint64_t)zcopy.cur_size;
+               zi->mzi_cur_size = ptoa_64(zcopy.page_count);
                zi->mzi_max_size = (uint64_t)zcopy.max_size;
                zi->mzi_elem_size = (uint64_t)zcopy.elem_size;
                zi->mzi_alloc_size = (uint64_t)zcopy.alloc_size;
@@ -4003,7 +4219,7 @@ mach_zone_info(
                bzero((char *) (names_addr + used), names_size - used);
 
        kr = vm_map_copyin(ipc_kernel_map, (vm_map_address_t)names_addr,
-                          (vm_map_size_t)names_size, TRUE, &copy);
+                          (vm_map_size_t)used, TRUE, &copy);
        assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
 
        *namesp = (mach_zone_name_t *) copy;
@@ -4015,12 +4231,22 @@ mach_zone_info(
                bzero((char *) (info_addr + used), info_size - used);
 
        kr = vm_map_copyin(ipc_kernel_map, (vm_map_address_t)info_addr,
-                          (vm_map_size_t)info_size, TRUE, &copy);
+                          (vm_map_size_t)used, TRUE, &copy);
        assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
 
        *infop = (mach_zone_info_t *) copy;
        *infoCntp = max_zones;
 
+       if (memoryInfop && memoryInfoCntp)
+       {
+               kr = vm_map_copyin(ipc_kernel_map, (vm_map_address_t)memory_info_addr,
+                                  (vm_map_size_t)memory_info_size, TRUE, &copy);
+               assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+
+               *memoryInfop = (mach_memory_info_t *) copy;
+               *memoryInfoCntp = num_sites;
+       }
+
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -4079,14 +4305,14 @@ host_zone_info(
 
        names_size = round_page(max_zones * sizeof *names);
        kr = kmem_alloc_pageable(ipc_kernel_map,
-                                &names_addr, names_size);
+                                &names_addr, names_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
                return kr;
        names = (zone_name_t *) names_addr;
 
        info_size = round_page(max_zones * sizeof *info);
        kr = kmem_alloc_pageable(ipc_kernel_map,
-                                &info_addr, info_size);
+                                &info_addr, info_size, VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                kmem_free(ipc_kernel_map,
                          names_addr, names_size);
@@ -4117,7 +4343,7 @@ host_zone_info(
                zn->zn_name[sizeof zn->zn_name - 1] = '\0';
 
                zi->zi_count = zcopy.count;
-               zi->zi_cur_size = zcopy.cur_size;
+               zi->zi_cur_size = ptoa(zcopy.page_count);
                zi->zi_max_size = zcopy.max_size;
                zi->zi_elem_size = zcopy.elem_size;
                zi->zi_alloc_size = zcopy.alloc_size;
@@ -4150,7 +4376,7 @@ host_zone_info(
                bzero((char *) (names_addr + used), names_size - used);
 
        kr = vm_map_copyin(ipc_kernel_map, (vm_map_address_t)names_addr,
-                          (vm_map_size_t)names_size, TRUE, &copy);
+                          (vm_map_size_t)used, TRUE, &copy);
        assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
 
        *namesp = (zone_name_t *) copy;
@@ -4161,7 +4387,7 @@ host_zone_info(
                bzero((char *) (info_addr + used), info_size - used);
 
        kr = vm_map_copyin(ipc_kernel_map, (vm_map_address_t)info_addr,
-                          (vm_map_size_t)info_size, TRUE, &copy);
+                          (vm_map_size_t)used, TRUE, &copy);
        assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
 
        *infop = (zone_info_t *) copy;