]> git.saurik.com Git - apple/xnu.git/blobdiff - iokit/Kernel/IOMemoryDescriptor.cpp
xnu-1504.9.17.tar.gz
[apple/xnu.git] / iokit / Kernel / IOMemoryDescriptor.cpp
index 5177b197bbcce6eccc513bf9f0f1df74448aef83..bd3c671767f1ded4a14079781f6ad4a5362c8930 100644 (file)
@@ -1,23 +1,29 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
- * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
+ * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
  * 
- * The contents of this file constitute Original Code as defined in and
- * are subject to the Apple Public Source License Version 1.1 (the
- * "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance with the
- * License.  Please obtain a copy of the License at
- * http://www.apple.com/publicsource and read it before using this file.
+ * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
+ * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
+ * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
+ * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
+ * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
+ * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
+ * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
  * 
- * This Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
- * distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
+ * Please obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
+ * 
+ * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
+ * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
  * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.  Please see the
- * License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
- * under the License.
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
+ * limitations under the License.
  * 
- * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
+ * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
  */
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 1998 Apple Computer, Inc.  All rights reserved. 
@@ -25,7 +31,8 @@
  * HISTORY
  *
  */
-// 45678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+
+
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
 #include <IOKit/assert.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOMapper.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOKitKeysPrivate.h>
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
+#include <IOKit/IOSubMemoryDescriptor.h>
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
 #include <IOKit/IOKitDebug.h>
+#include <libkern/OSDebug.h>
 
 #include "IOKitKernelInternal.h"
-#include "IOCopyMapper.h"
 
 #include <libkern/c++/OSContainers.h>
 #include <libkern/c++/OSDictionary.h>
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 #include <vm/pmap.h>
 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
-#include <vm/vm_shared_memory_server.h>
 #include <mach/memory_object_types.h>
 #include <device/device_port.h>
 
 #include <mach/vm_prot.h>
+#include <mach/mach_vm.h>
 #include <vm/vm_fault.h>
+#include <vm/vm_protos.h>
 
 extern ppnum_t pmap_find_phys(pmap_t pmap, addr64_t va);
 void ipc_port_release_send(ipc_port_t port);
@@ -67,7 +79,7 @@ kern_return_t copypv(addr64_t source, addr64_t sink, unsigned int size, int whic
 memory_object_t
 device_pager_setup(
        memory_object_t pager,
-       int             device_handle,
+       uintptr_t               device_handle,
        vm_size_t       size,
        int             flags);
 void
@@ -97,8 +109,6 @@ __END_DECLS
 
 static IOMapper * gIOSystemMapper = NULL;
 
-IOCopyMapper *   gIOCopyMapper = NULL;
-
 static ppnum_t   gIOMaximumMappedIOPageCount = atop_32(kIOMaximumMappedIOByteCount);
 
 ppnum_t                  gIOLastPage;
@@ -127,73 +137,7 @@ static IORecursiveLock * gIOMemoryLock;
 #define DEBG(fmt, args...)     {}
 #endif
 
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-class _IOMemoryMap : public IOMemoryMap
-{
-    OSDeclareDefaultStructors(_IOMemoryMap)
-public:
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * memory;
-    IOMemoryMap *      superMap;
-    IOByteCount                offset;
-    IOByteCount                length;
-    IOVirtualAddress   logical;
-    task_t             addressTask;
-    vm_map_t           addressMap;
-    IOOptionBits       options;
-    upl_t              redirUPL;
-    ipc_port_t         redirEntry;
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * owner;
-
-protected:
-    virtual void taggedRelease(const void *tag = 0) const;
-    virtual void free();
-
-public:
-
-    // IOMemoryMap methods
-    virtual IOVirtualAddress   getVirtualAddress();
-    virtual IOByteCount        getLength();
-    virtual task_t             getAddressTask();
-    virtual IOMemoryDescriptor * getMemoryDescriptor();
-    virtual IOOptionBits       getMapOptions();
-
-    virtual IOReturn           unmap();
-    virtual void               taskDied();
-
-    virtual IOReturn           redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
-                                        IOOptionBits         options,
-                                        IOByteCount          offset = 0);
-
-    virtual IOPhysicalAddress  getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-                                                  IOByteCount * length);
-
-    // for IOMemoryDescriptor use
-    _IOMemoryMap * copyCompatible(
-               IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
-                task_t                 intoTask,
-                IOVirtualAddress       toAddress,
-                IOOptionBits           options,
-                IOByteCount            offset,
-                IOByteCount            length );
-
-    bool initCompatible(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    memory,
-       IOMemoryMap *           superMap,
-        IOByteCount            offset,
-        IOByteCount            length );
-
-    bool initWithDescriptor(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    memory,
-       task_t                  intoTask,
-       IOVirtualAddress        toAddress,
-       IOOptionBits            options,
-        IOByteCount            offset,
-        IOByteCount            length );
-
-    IOReturn redirect(
-       task_t                  intoTask, bool redirect );
-};
+#define IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE   1
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
@@ -213,16 +157,21 @@ struct typePersMDData
 
 struct ioPLBlock {
     upl_t fIOPL;
-    vm_address_t fIOMDOffset;  // The offset of this iopl in descriptor
-    vm_offset_t fPageInfo;     // Pointer to page list or index into it
-    ppnum_t fMappedBase;       // Page number of first page in this iopl
-    unsigned int fPageOffset;  // Offset within first page of iopl
-    unsigned int fFlags;       // Flags
+    vm_address_t fPageInfo;   // Pointer to page list or index into it
+    uint32_t fIOMDOffset;          // The offset of this iopl in descriptor
+    ppnum_t fMappedBase;           // Page number of first page in this iopl
+    unsigned int fPageOffset;      // Offset within first page of iopl
+    unsigned int fFlags;           // Flags
 };
 
 struct ioGMDData {
     IOMapper *fMapper;
+    uint64_t fPreparationID;
     unsigned int fPageCnt;
+#if __LP64__
+    // align arrays to 8 bytes so following macros work
+    unsigned int fPad;
+#endif
     upl_page_info_t fPageList[];
     ioPLBlock fBlocks[];
 };
@@ -238,13 +187,13 @@ struct ioGMDData {
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-#define next_page(a) ( trunc_page_32(a) + PAGE_SIZE )
+#define next_page(a) ( trunc_page(a) + PAGE_SIZE )
 
 
 extern "C" {
 
 kern_return_t device_data_action(
-               int                     device_handle, 
+               uintptr_t               device_handle, 
                ipc_port_t              device_pager,
                vm_prot_t               protection, 
                vm_object_offset_t      offset, 
@@ -277,7 +226,7 @@ kern_return_t device_data_action(
 }
 
 kern_return_t device_close(
-               int     device_handle)
+               uintptr_t     device_handle)
 {
     struct ExpansionData {
         void *                         devicePager;
@@ -297,7 +246,7 @@ kern_return_t device_close(
 // This means that pointers are not passed and NULLs don't have to be
 // checked for as a NULL reference is illegal.
 static inline void
-getAddrLenForInd(addr64_t &addr, IOPhysicalLength &len, // Output variables
+getAddrLenForInd(user_addr_t &addr, IOPhysicalLength &len, // Output variables
      UInt32 type, IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::Ranges r, UInt32 ind)
 {
     assert(kIOMemoryTypeUIO       == type
@@ -307,11 +256,13 @@ getAddrLenForInd(addr64_t &addr, IOPhysicalLength &len, // Output variables
        user_size_t us;
        uio_getiov((uio_t) r.uio, ind, &addr, &us); len = us;
     }
+#ifndef __LP64__
     else if ((kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type)) {
        IOAddressRange cur = r.v64[ind];
        addr = cur.address;
        len  = cur.length;
     }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
     else {
        IOVirtualRange cur = r.v[ind];
        addr = cur.address;
@@ -321,37 +272,22 @@ getAddrLenForInd(addr64_t &addr, IOPhysicalLength &len, // Output variables
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-/*
- * withAddress:
- *
- * Create a new IOMemoryDescriptor.  The buffer is a virtual address
- * relative to the specified task.  If no task is supplied, the kernel
- * task is implied.
- */
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(void *      address,
                                 IOByteCount   length,
                                 IODirection direction)
 {
     return IOMemoryDescriptor::
-        withAddress((vm_address_t) address, length, direction, kernel_task);
+        withAddressRange((IOVirtualAddress) address, length, direction | kIOMemoryAutoPrepare, kernel_task);
 }
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
-IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(vm_address_t address,
+IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(IOVirtualAddress address,
                                 IOByteCount  length,
                                 IODirection  direction,
                                 task_t       task)
 {
-#if TEST_V64
-    if (task)
-    {
-       IOOptionBits options = (IOOptionBits) direction;
-       if (task == kernel_task)
-           options |= kIOMemoryAutoPrepare;
-       return (IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(address, length, options, task));
-    }
-#endif
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (that)
     {
@@ -362,6 +298,7 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(vm_address_t address,
     }
     return 0;
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
@@ -369,9 +306,9 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
                                IOByteCount             length,
                                IODirection             direction )
 {
-#if TEST_P64
-    return (IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(address, length, (IOOptionBits) direction, NULL));
-#endif
+#ifdef __LP64__
+    return (IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(address, length, direction, TASK_NULL));
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *self = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (self
     && !self->initWithPhysicalAddress(address, length, direction)) {
@@ -380,8 +317,10 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
     }
 
     return self;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 }
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withRanges(        IOVirtualRange * ranges,
                                UInt32           withCount,
@@ -399,12 +338,13 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withRanges(   IOVirtualRange * ranges,
     }
     return 0;
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(mach_vm_address_t address,
-                                       mach_vm_size_t length,
-                                       IOOptionBits   options,
-                                       task_t         task)
+                                       mach_vm_size_t length,
+                                       IOOptionBits   options,
+                                       task_t         task)
 {
     IOAddressRange range = { address, length };
     return (IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRanges(&range, 1, options, task));
@@ -412,9 +352,9 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(mach_vm_address_t address,
 
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRanges(IOAddressRange *   ranges,
-                                       UInt32           rangeCount,
-                                       IOOptionBits     options,
-                                       task_t           task)
+                                       UInt32           rangeCount,
+                                       IOOptionBits     options,
+                                       task_t           task)
 {
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (that)
@@ -424,10 +364,10 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRanges(IOAddressRange *   ranges,
        else
            options |= kIOMemoryTypePhysical64;
 
-       if (that->initWithOptions(ranges, rangeCount, 0, task, options, /* mapper */ 0))
-           return that;
+       if (that->initWithOptions(ranges, rangeCount, 0, task, options, /* mapper */ 0))
+           return that;
 
-       that->release();
+       that->release();
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -435,7 +375,7 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRanges(IOAddressRange *   ranges,
 
 
 /*
- * withRanges:
+ * withOptions:
  *
  * Create a new IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is made up of several
  * virtual address ranges, from a given task.
@@ -462,7 +402,6 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withOptions(void *              buffers,
     return self;
 }
 
-// Can't leave abstract but this should never be used directly,
 bool IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *                buffers,
                                          UInt32                count,
                                          UInt32                offset,
@@ -470,11 +409,10 @@ bool IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *           buffers,
                                          IOOptionBits  options,
                                          IOMapper *    mapper)
 {
-    // @@@ gvdl: Should I panic?
-    panic("IOMD::initWithOptions called\n");
-    return 0;
+    return( false );
 }
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalRanges(        IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
                                         UInt32          withCount,
@@ -498,14 +436,9 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withSubRange(IOMemoryDescriptor *      of,
                                IOByteCount             length,
                                IODirection             direction)
 {
-    IOSubMemoryDescriptor *self = new IOSubMemoryDescriptor;
-
-    if (self && !self->initSubRange(of, offset, length, direction)) {
-        self->release();
-       self = 0;
-    }
-    return self;
+    return (IOSubMemoryDescriptor::withSubRange(of, offset, length, direction | kIOMemoryThreadSafe));
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withPersistentMemoryDescriptor(IOMemoryDescriptor *originalMD)
@@ -566,7 +499,12 @@ void *IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::createNamedEntry()
                    : get_task_map(_task);
 
     memory_object_size_t  actualSize = size;
-    vm_prot_t prot = VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE;
+    vm_prot_t             prot       = VM_PROT_READ;
+#if CONFIG_EMBEDDED
+    if (kIODirectionOut != (kIODirectionOutIn & _flags))
+#endif
+       prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
     if (_memEntry)
        prot |= MAP_MEM_NAMED_REUSE;
 
@@ -578,8 +516,8 @@ void *IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::createNamedEntry()
            return sharedMem;
        } else {
 #if IOASSERT
-           IOLog("IOGMD::mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08llx) size (%08lx:%08x)\n",
-                       (UInt64)range0Addr, (UInt32)actualSize, size);
+           IOLog("IOGMD::mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08llx) size (%08llx:%08llx)\n",
+                 (UInt64)range0Addr, (UInt64)actualSize, (UInt64)size);
 #endif    
            ipc_port_release_send( sharedMem );
        }
@@ -588,31 +526,20 @@ void *IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::createNamedEntry()
     return MACH_PORT_NULL;
 }
 
-/*
- * initWithAddress:
- *
- * Initialize an IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is a virtual address
- * relative to the specified task.  If no task is supplied, the kernel
- * task is implied.
- *
- * An IOMemoryDescriptor can be re-used by calling initWithAddress or
- * initWithRanges again on an existing instance -- note this behavior
- * is not commonly supported in other I/O Kit classes, although it is
- * supported here.
- */
+#ifndef __LP64__
 bool
 IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(void *      address,
                                     IOByteCount   withLength,
                                     IODirection withDirection)
 {
-    _singleRange.v.address = (vm_address_t) address;
+    _singleRange.v.address = (vm_offset_t) address;
     _singleRange.v.length  = withLength;
 
     return initWithRanges(&_singleRange.v, 1, withDirection, kernel_task, true);
 }
 
 bool
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(vm_address_t address,
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(IOVirtualAddress address,
                                     IOByteCount    withLength,
                                     IODirection  withDirection,
                                     task_t       withTask)
@@ -668,7 +595,7 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
 
        // Auto-prepare if this is a kernel memory descriptor as very few
        // clients bother to prepare() kernel memory.
-       // But it was not  enforced so what are you going to do?
+       // But it was not enforced so what are you going to do?
         if (task == kernel_task)
             mdOpts |= kIOMemoryAutoPrepare;
     }
@@ -677,6 +604,7 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
     
     return initWithOptions(ranges, count, 0, task, mdOpts, /* mapper */ 0);
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 /*
  * initWithOptions:
@@ -731,17 +659,28 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void * buffers,
     switch (type) {
     case kIOMemoryTypeUIO:
     case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual:
+#ifndef __LP64__
     case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64:
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
         assert(task);
         if (!task)
             return false;
-        else
-            break;
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
+       if (vm_map_is_64bit(get_task_map(task)) 
+           && (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type) 
+           && ((IOVirtualRange *) buffers)->address)
+       {
+           OSReportWithBacktrace("IOMemoryDescriptor: attempt to create 32b virtual in 64b task, use ::withAddressRange()");
+            return false;
+       }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+       break;
 
     case kIOMemoryTypePhysical:                // Neither Physical nor UPL should have a task
+#ifndef __LP64__
     case kIOMemoryTypePhysical64:
-       mapper = kIOMapperNone;
-
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
     case kIOMemoryTypeUPL:
         assert(!task);
         break;
@@ -763,20 +702,28 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void * buffers,
          * An existing memory descriptor is being retargeted to point to
          * somewhere else.  Clean up our present state.
          */
-
-        while (_wireCount)
-            complete();
-        if (_ranges.v && _rangesIsAllocated)
+       IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+       if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical != type) && (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 != type))
+       {
+           while (_wireCount)
+               complete();
+       }
+        if (_ranges.v && !(kIOMemoryAsReference & _flags))
        {
            if (kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type)
                uio_free((uio_t) _ranges.v);
+#ifndef __LP64__
            else if ((kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
                IODelete(_ranges.v64, IOAddressRange, _rangesCount);
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
            else
                IODelete(_ranges.v, IOVirtualRange, _rangesCount);
        }
+
        if (_memEntry)
            { ipc_port_release_send((ipc_port_t) _memEntry); _memEntry = 0; }
+       if (_mappings)
+           _mappings->flushCollection();
     }
     else {
         if (!super::init())
@@ -785,27 +732,43 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void * buffers,
     }
 
     // Grab the appropriate mapper
-    if (mapper == kIOMapperNone)
+    if (kIOMemoryMapperNone & options)
         mapper = 0;    // No Mapper
     else if (mapper == kIOMapperSystem) {
         IOMapper::checkForSystemMapper();
         gIOSystemMapper = mapper = IOMapper::gSystem;
     }
 
+    // Temp binary compatibility for kIOMemoryThreadSafe
+    if (kIOMemoryReserved6156215 & options)
+    {
+       options &= ~kIOMemoryReserved6156215;
+       options |= kIOMemoryThreadSafe;
+    }
     // Remove the dynamic internal use flags from the initial setting
     options              &= ~(kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly);
     _flags                = options;
     _task                  = task;
 
-    // DEPRECATED variable initialisation
+#ifndef __LP64__
     _direction             = (IODirection) (_flags & kIOMemoryDirectionMask);
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
     __iomd_reservedA = 0;
     __iomd_reservedB = 0;
-    __iomd_reservedC = 0;
-
     _highestPage = 0;
 
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & options)
+    {
+       if (!_prepareLock)
+           _prepareLock = IOLockAlloc();
+    }
+    else if (_prepareLock)
+    {
+       IOLockFree(_prepareLock);
+       _prepareLock = NULL;
+    }
+       
     if (kIOMemoryTypeUPL == type) {
 
         ioGMDData *dataP;
@@ -830,9 +793,12 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *  buffers,
         _pages    += atop_32(offset + count + PAGE_MASK) - atop_32(offset);
 
         ioPLBlock iopl;
-        upl_page_info_t *pageList = UPL_GET_INTERNAL_PAGE_LIST((upl_t) buffers);
-
         iopl.fIOPL = (upl_t) buffers;
+        upl_page_info_t *pageList = UPL_GET_INTERNAL_PAGE_LIST(iopl.fIOPL);
+
+       if (upl_get_size(iopl.fIOPL) < (count + offset))
+           panic("short external upl");
+
         // Set the flag kIOPLOnDevice convieniently equal to 1
         iopl.fFlags  = pageList->device | kIOPLExternUPL;
         iopl.fIOMDOffset = 0;
@@ -863,7 +829,9 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *   buffers,
        
        // Initialize the memory descriptor
        if (options & kIOMemoryAsReference) {
+#ifndef __LP64__
            _rangesIsAllocated = false;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
            // Hack assignment to get the buffer arg into _ranges.
            // I'd prefer to do _ranges = (Ranges) buffers, but that doesn't
@@ -872,24 +840,50 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void * buffers,
            _ranges.v = (IOVirtualRange *) buffers;
        }
        else {
+#ifndef __LP64__
            _rangesIsAllocated = true;
-           switch (_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask)
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+           switch (type)
            {
              case kIOMemoryTypeUIO:
                _ranges.v = (IOVirtualRange *) uio_duplicate((uio_t) buffers);
                break;
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
              case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64:
              case kIOMemoryTypePhysical64:
+               if (count == 1
+                   && (((IOAddressRange *) buffers)->address + ((IOAddressRange *) buffers)->length) <= 0x100000000ULL) {
+                   if (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type)
+                       type = kIOMemoryTypeVirtual;
+                   else
+                       type = kIOMemoryTypePhysical;
+                   _flags = (_flags & ~kIOMemoryTypeMask) | type | kIOMemoryAsReference;
+                   _rangesIsAllocated = false;
+                   _ranges.v = &_singleRange.v;
+                   _singleRange.v.address = ((IOAddressRange *) buffers)->address;
+                   _singleRange.v.length  = ((IOAddressRange *) buffers)->length;
+                   break;
+               }
                _ranges.v64 = IONew(IOAddressRange, count);
                if (!_ranges.v64)
                    return false;
                bcopy(buffers, _ranges.v, count * sizeof(IOAddressRange));
                break;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
              case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual:
-               _ranges.v = IONew(IOVirtualRange, count);
-               if (!_ranges.v)
-                   return false;
+             case kIOMemoryTypePhysical:
+               if (count == 1) {
+                   _flags |= kIOMemoryAsReference;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+                   _rangesIsAllocated = false;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+                   _ranges.v = &_singleRange.v;
+               } else {
+                   _ranges.v = IONew(IOVirtualRange, count);
+                   if (!_ranges.v)
+                       return false;
+               }
                bcopy(buffers, _ranges.v, count * sizeof(IOVirtualRange));
                break;
            }
@@ -901,7 +895,7 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *   buffers,
        UInt32 pages = 0;
        for (unsigned ind = 0; ind < count;  ind++) {
            user_addr_t addr;
-           UInt32 len;
+           IOPhysicalLength len;
 
            // addr & len are returned by this function
            getAddrLenForInd(addr, len, type, vec, ind);
@@ -961,25 +955,35 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void * buffers,
  */
 void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::free()
 {
-    LOCK;
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+
     if( reserved)
+    {
+       LOCK;
        reserved->memory = 0;
-    UNLOCK;
+       UNLOCK;
+    }
 
-    while (_wireCount)
-        complete();
+    if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical != type) && (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 != type))
+    {
+       while (_wireCount)
+           complete();
+    }
     if (_memoryEntries)
         _memoryEntries->release();
 
-    if (_ranges.v && _rangesIsAllocated)
+    if (_ranges.v && !(kIOMemoryAsReference & _flags))
     {
-       IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
        if (kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type)
            uio_free((uio_t) _ranges.v);
+#ifndef __LP64__
        else if ((kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
            IODelete(_ranges.v64, IOAddressRange, _rangesCount);
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
        else
            IODelete(_ranges.v, IOVirtualRange, _rangesCount);
+
+       _ranges.v = NULL;
     }
 
     if (reserved && reserved->devicePager)
@@ -990,18 +994,23 @@ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::free()
     if (_memEntry)
         ipc_port_release_send( (ipc_port_t) _memEntry );
 
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockFree(_prepareLock);
+
     super::free();
 }
 
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::unmapFromKernel()
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-                    panic("IOGMD::unmapFromKernel deprecated");
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::mapIntoKernel(unsigned rangeIndex)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-                    panic("IOGMD::mapIntoKernel deprecated");
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
+#ifndef __LP64__
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::unmapFromKernel()
+{
+    panic("IOGMD::unmapFromKernel deprecated");
+}
+
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::mapIntoKernel(unsigned rangeIndex)
+{
+    panic("IOGMD::mapIntoKernel deprecated");
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 /*
  * getDirection:
@@ -1010,7 +1019,11 @@ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::free()
  */
 IODirection IOMemoryDescriptor::getDirection() const
 {
-    return _direction;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (_direction)
+       return _direction;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+    return (IODirection) (_flags & kIOMemoryDirectionMask);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1033,6 +1046,7 @@ IOOptionBits IOMemoryDescriptor::getTag( void )
     return( _tag);
 }
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
 // @@@ gvdl: who is using this API?  Seems like a wierd thing to implement.
 IOPhysicalAddress
 IOMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount   offset, IOByteCount * length )
@@ -1046,27 +1060,30 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount   offset, IOByteCount * length
 
     return( (IOPhysicalAddress) physAddr ); // truncated but only page offset is used
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::readBytes
                 (IOByteCount offset, void *bytes, IOByteCount length)
 {
-    addr64_t dstAddr = (addr64_t) (UInt32) bytes;
+    addr64_t dstAddr = CAST_DOWN(addr64_t, bytes);
     IOByteCount remaining;
 
     // Assert that this entire I/O is withing the available range
     assert(offset < _length);
     assert(offset + length <= _length);
     if (offset >= _length) {
-IOLog("IOGMD(%p): rB = o%lx, l%lx\n", this, offset, length);   // @@@ gvdl
         return 0;
     }
 
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       LOCK;
+
     remaining = length = min(length, _length - offset);
     while (remaining) {        // (process another target segment?)
         addr64_t       srcAddr64;
         IOByteCount    srcLen;
 
-        srcAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment64(offset, &srcLen);
+        srcAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &srcLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
         if (!srcAddr64)
             break;
 
@@ -1082,6 +1099,9 @@ IOLog("IOGMD(%p): rB = o%lx, l%lx\n", this, offset, length);      // @@@ gvdl
         remaining -= srcLen;
     }
 
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       UNLOCK;
+
     assert(!remaining);
 
     return length - remaining;
@@ -1090,7 +1110,7 @@ IOLog("IOGMD(%p): rB = o%lx, l%lx\n", this, offset, length);      // @@@ gvdl
 IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes
                 (IOByteCount offset, const void *bytes, IOByteCount length)
 {
-    addr64_t srcAddr = (addr64_t) (UInt32) bytes;
+    addr64_t srcAddr = CAST_DOWN(addr64_t, bytes);
     IOByteCount remaining;
 
     // Assert that this entire I/O is withing the available range
@@ -1100,16 +1120,18 @@ IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes
     assert( !(kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly & _flags) );
 
     if ( (kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly & _flags) || offset >= _length) {
-IOLog("IOGMD(%p): wB = o%lx, l%lx\n", this, offset, length);   // @@@ gvdl
         return 0;
     }
 
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       LOCK;
+
     remaining = length = min(length, _length - offset);
     while (remaining) {        // (process another target segment?)
         addr64_t    dstAddr64;
         IOByteCount dstLen;
 
-        dstAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment64(offset, &dstLen);
+        dstAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &dstLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
         if (!dstAddr64)
             break;
 
@@ -1125,6 +1147,9 @@ IOLog("IOGMD(%p): wB = o%lx, l%lx\n", this, offset, length);      // @@@ gvdl
         remaining -= dstLen;
     }
 
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       UNLOCK;
+
     assert(!remaining);
 
     return length - remaining;
@@ -1133,10 +1158,45 @@ IOLog("IOGMD(%p): wB = o%lx, l%lx\n", this, offset, length);    // @@@ gvdl
 // osfmk/device/iokit_rpc.c
 extern "C" unsigned int IODefaultCacheBits(addr64_t pa);
 
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::setPosition(IOByteCount position)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-                    panic("IOGMD::setPosition deprecated");
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
+#ifndef __LP64__
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::setPosition(IOByteCount position)
+{
+    panic("IOGMD::setPosition deprecated");
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+static volatile SInt64 gIOMDPreparationID __attribute__((aligned(8))) = (1ULL << 32);
+
+uint64_t
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPreparationID( void )
+{
+    ioGMDData *dataP;
+
+    if (!_wireCount)
+       return (kIOPreparationIDUnprepared);
+
+    if (_flags & (kIOMemoryTypePhysical | kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
+       return (kIOPreparationIDAlwaysPrepared);
+
+    if (!_memoryEntries || !(dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries)))
+       return (kIOPreparationIDUnprepared);
+
+    if (kIOPreparationIDUnprepared == dataP->fPreparationID)
+    {
+#if defined(__ppc__ )
+       dataP->fPreparationID = gIOMDPreparationID++;
+#else
+       dataP->fPreparationID = OSIncrementAtomic64(&gIOMDPreparationID);
+#endif
+    }
+    return (dataP->fPreparationID);
+}
+
+uint64_t
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getPreparationID( void )
+{
+    return (kIOPreparationIDUnsupported);    
+}
 
 IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *vData, UInt dataSize) const
 {
@@ -1149,7 +1209,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *
        data->fLength = _length;
        data->fSGCount = _rangesCount;
        data->fPages = _pages;
-       data->fDirection = _direction;
+       data->fDirection = getDirection();
        if (!_wireCount)
            data->fIsPrepared = false;
        else {
@@ -1170,8 +1230,20 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *
        }
 
        return kIOReturnSuccess;
-    }
-    else if (!(kIOMDWalkSegments & op))
+
+#if IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE
+    } else if (kIOMDSetDMAActive == op) {
+       IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * md = const_cast<IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *>(this);
+       OSIncrementAtomic(&md->__iomd_reservedA);
+    } else if (kIOMDSetDMAInactive == op) {
+       IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * md = const_cast<IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *>(this);
+       if (md->__iomd_reservedA)
+           OSDecrementAtomic(&md->__iomd_reservedA);
+       else
+           panic("kIOMDSetDMAInactive");
+#endif /* IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE */
+
+    } else if (!(kIOMDWalkSegments & op))
        return kIOReturnBadArgument;
 
     // Get the next segment
@@ -1210,7 +1282,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *
        const IOPhysicalRange *physP = (IOPhysicalRange *) &_ranges.p[0];
 
        // Find the range after the one that contains the offset
-       UInt len;
+       mach_vm_size_t len;
        for (len = 0; off2Ind <= offset; ind++) {
            len = physP[ind].length;
            off2Ind += len;
@@ -1232,6 +1304,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *
        ind--;
        off2Ind -= len;
     }
+#ifndef __LP64__
     else if ( (_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64) {
 
        // Physical address based memory descriptor
@@ -1260,6 +1333,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *
        ind--;
        off2Ind -= len;
     }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
     else do {
        if (!_wireCount)
            panic("IOGMD: not wired for the IODMACommand");
@@ -1321,6 +1395,10 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *
 
        // Compute the starting address of this segment
        IOPhysicalAddress pageAddr = pageList[pageInd].phys_addr;
+       if (!pageAddr) {
+           panic("!pageList phys_addr");
+    }
+
        address = ptoa_64(pageAddr) + offset;
 
        // length is currently set to the length of the remainider of the iopl.
@@ -1353,25 +1431,70 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *
 }
 
 addr64_t
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment64(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment, IOOptionBits options)
 {
-    IOReturn    ret;
-    IOByteCount length  = 0;
-    addr64_t    address = 0;
+    IOReturn     ret;
+    addr64_t     address = 0;
+    IOByteCount  length  = 0;
+    IOMapper *   mapper  = gIOSystemMapper;
+    IOOptionBits type    = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+
+    if (lengthOfSegment)
+        *lengthOfSegment = 0;
+
+    if (offset >= _length)
+        return 0;
+
+    // IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap() cannot use getPhysicalSegment() to obtain the page offset, since it must
+    // support the unwired memory case in IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor, and hibernate_write_image() cannot use
+    // map()->getVirtualAddress() to obtain the kernel pointer, since it must prevent the memory allocation
+    // due to IOMemoryMap, so _kIOMemorySourceSegment is a necessary evil until all of this gets cleaned up
+
+    if ((options & _kIOMemorySourceSegment) && (kIOMemoryTypeUPL != type))
+    {
+        unsigned rangesIndex = 0;
+       Ranges vec = _ranges;
+       user_addr_t addr;
+
+       // Find starting address within the vector of ranges
+       for (;;) {
+           getAddrLenForInd(addr, length, type, vec, rangesIndex);
+           if (offset < length)
+               break;
+           offset -= length; // (make offset relative)
+           rangesIndex++;
+       } 
+
+       // Now that we have the starting range,
+       // lets find the last contiguous range
+        addr   += offset;
+        length -= offset;
+
+        for ( ++rangesIndex; rangesIndex < _rangesCount; rangesIndex++ ) {
+           user_addr_t      newAddr;
+           IOPhysicalLength newLen;
 
-    if (offset < _length) // (within bounds?)
+           getAddrLenForInd(newAddr, newLen, type, vec, rangesIndex);
+           if (addr + length != newAddr)
+               break;
+           length += newLen;
+       } 
+        if (addr)
+           address = (IOPhysicalAddress) addr; // Truncate address to 32bit
+    }
+    else
     {
        IOMDDMAWalkSegmentState _state;
        IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs * state = (IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *) &_state;
 
        state->fOffset = offset;
        state->fLength = _length - offset;
-       state->fMapped = false;
+       state->fMapped = (0 == (options & kIOMemoryMapperNone));
 
        ret = dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDFirstSegment, _state, sizeof(_state));
 
        if ((kIOReturnSuccess != ret) && (kIOReturnOverrun != ret))
-               DEBG("getPhysicalSegment64 dmaCommandOperation(%lx), %p, offset %qx, addr %qx, len %qx\n", 
+               DEBG("getPhysicalSegment dmaCommandOperation(%lx), %p, offset %qx, addr %qx, len %qx\n", 
                                        ret, this, state->fOffset,
                                        state->fIOVMAddr, state->fLength);
        if (kIOReturnSuccess == ret)
@@ -1379,60 +1502,88 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment64(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount
            address = state->fIOVMAddr;
            length  = state->fLength;
        }
-        if (!address)
-            length = 0;
+
+       // dmaCommandOperation() does not distinguish between "mapped" and "unmapped" physical memory, even
+       // with fMapped set correctly, so we must handle the transformation here until this gets cleaned up
+
+       if (mapper && ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type)))
+       {
+           if ((options & kIOMemoryMapperNone) && !(_flags & kIOMemoryMapperNone))
+           {
+               addr64_t    origAddr = address;
+               IOByteCount origLen  = length;
+
+               address = mapper->mapAddr(origAddr);
+               length = page_size - (address & (page_size - 1));
+               while ((length < origLen)
+                   && ((address + length) == mapper->mapAddr(origAddr + length)))
+                   length += page_size;
+               if (length > origLen)
+                   length = origLen;
+           }
+#ifdef __LP64__
+           else if (!(options & kIOMemoryMapperNone) && (_flags & kIOMemoryMapperNone))
+           {
+               panic("getPhysicalSegment not mapped for I/O");
+           }
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+       }
     }
 
+    if (!address)
+        length = 0;
+
     if (lengthOfSegment)
         *lengthOfSegment = length;
 
     return (address);
 }
 
-IOPhysicalAddress
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+#ifndef __LP64__
+addr64_t
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment, IOOptionBits options)
 {
-    IOReturn          ret;
-    IOByteCount       length  = 0;
-    addr64_t         address = 0;
-
-//  assert(offset <= _length);
+    addr64_t address = 0;
 
-    if (offset < _length) // (within bounds?)
+    if (options & _kIOMemorySourceSegment)
     {
-       IOMDDMAWalkSegmentState _state;
-       IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs * state = (IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *) &_state;
+        address = getSourceSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    }
+    else if (options & kIOMemoryMapperNone)
+    {
+        address = getPhysicalSegment64(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        address = getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    }
 
-       state->fOffset = offset;
-       state->fLength = _length - offset;
-       state->fMapped = true;
+    return (address);
+}
 
-       ret = dmaCommandOperation(
-               kIOMDFirstSegment, _state, sizeof(_state));
+addr64_t
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment64(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    return (getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment, kIOMemoryMapperNone));
+}
 
-       if ((kIOReturnSuccess != ret) && (kIOReturnOverrun != ret))
-           DEBG("getPhysicalSegment dmaCommandOperation(%lx), %p, offset %qx, addr %qx, len %qx\n", 
-                                   ret, this, state->fOffset,
-                                   state->fIOVMAddr, state->fLength);
-       if (kIOReturnSuccess == ret)
-       {
-           address = state->fIOVMAddr;
-           length  = state->fLength;
-       }
+IOPhysicalAddress
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    addr64_t    address = 0;
+    IOByteCount length  = 0;
 
-        if (!address)
-            length = 0;
-    }
+    address = getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment, 0);
+
+    if (lengthOfSegment)
+       length = *lengthOfSegment;
 
     if ((address + length) > 0x100000000ULL)
     {
-       panic("getPhysicalSegment() out of 32b range 0x%qx, len 0x%x, class %s",
-                   address, length, (getMetaClass())->getClassName());
+       panic("getPhysicalSegment() out of 32b range 0x%qx, len 0x%lx, class %s",
+                   address, (long) length, (getMetaClass())->getClassName());
     }
 
-    if (lengthOfSegment)
-        *lengthOfSegment = length;
-
     return ((IOPhysicalAddress) address);
 }
 
@@ -1473,70 +1624,28 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment64(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *length
 }
 
 IOPhysicalAddress
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
 {
-    IOPhysicalAddress address = 0;
-    IOPhysicalLength  length  = 0;
-    IOOptionBits      type    = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if ( type == kIOMemoryTypeUPL)
-       return super::getSourceSegment( offset, lengthOfSegment );
-    else if ( offset < _length ) // (within bounds?)
-    {
-        unsigned rangesIndex = 0;
-       Ranges vec = _ranges;
-       user_addr_t addr;
-
-       // Find starting address within the vector of ranges
-       for (;;) {
-           getAddrLenForInd(addr, length, type, vec, rangesIndex);
-           if (offset < length)
-               break;
-           offset -= length; // (make offset relative)
-           rangesIndex++;
-       } 
-
-       // Now that we have the starting range,
-       // lets find the last contiguous range
-        addr   += offset;
-        length -= offset;
-
-        for ( ++rangesIndex; rangesIndex < _rangesCount; rangesIndex++ ) {
-           user_addr_t      newAddr;
-           IOPhysicalLength newLen;
-
-           getAddrLenForInd(newAddr, newLen, type, vec, rangesIndex);
-           if (addr + length != newAddr)
-               break;
-           length += newLen;
-       } 
-        if (addr)
-           address = (IOPhysicalAddress) addr; // Truncate address to 32bit
-       else
-           length = 0;
-    }
-
-    if ( lengthOfSegment )  *lengthOfSegment = length;
-
-    return address;
+    return ((IOPhysicalAddress) getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment, 0));
 }
 
-/* DEPRECATED */ /* USE INSTEAD: map(), readBytes(), writeBytes() */
-/* DEPRECATED */ void * IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-/* DEPRECATED */                                                       IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-                    if (_task == kernel_task)
-                        return (void *) getSourceSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
-                    else
-                        panic("IOGMD::getVirtualSegment deprecated");
-
-                    return 0;
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
-/* DEPRECATED */ /* USE INSTEAD: map(), readBytes(), writeBytes() */
+IOPhysicalAddress
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    return ((IOPhysicalAddress) getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment, _kIOMemorySourceSegment));
+}
 
+void * IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
+                                                       IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    if (_task == kernel_task)
+        return (void *) getSourceSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    else
+        panic("IOGMD::getVirtualSegment deprecated");
 
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 IOReturn 
 IOMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *vData, UInt dataSize) const
@@ -1548,7 +1657,7 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *vData, UInt data
        IOMDDMACharacteristics *data = (IOMDDMACharacteristics *) vData;
        data->fLength = getLength();
        data->fSGCount = 0;
-       data->fDirection = _direction;
+       data->fDirection = getDirection();
        if (IOMapper::gSystem)
            data->fIsMapped = true;
        data->fIsPrepared = true;       // Assume prepared - fails safe
@@ -1565,7 +1674,7 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *vData, UInt data
        if (data->fMapped && IOMapper::gSystem)
            data->fIOVMAddr = ncmd->getPhysicalSegment(offset, &length);
        else
-           data->fIOVMAddr = ncmd->getPhysicalSegment64(offset, &length);
+           data->fIOVMAddr = ncmd->getPhysicalSegment(offset, &length, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
        data->fLength = length;
     }
     else
@@ -1574,79 +1683,178 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *vData, UInt data
     return kIOReturnSuccess;
 }
 
-IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::setPurgeable( IOOptionBits newState,
-                                           IOOptionBits * oldState )
+static IOReturn 
+purgeableControlBits(IOOptionBits newState, vm_purgable_t * control, int * state)
 {
-    IOReturn     err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    vm_purgable_t control;
-    int           state;
+    IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-    do 
+    *control = VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE;
+    switch (newState)
     {
-        if (!_memEntry)
-        {
-            err = kIOReturnNotReady;
-            break;
-        }
+       case kIOMemoryPurgeableKeepCurrent:
+           *control = VM_PURGABLE_GET_STATE;
+           break;
 
-        control = VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE;
-        switch (newState)
-        {
-            case kIOMemoryPurgeableKeepCurrent:
-                control = VM_PURGABLE_GET_STATE;
-                break;
+       case kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile:
+           *state = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
+           break;
+       case kIOMemoryPurgeableVolatile:
+           *state = VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE;
+           break;
+       case kIOMemoryPurgeableEmpty:
+           *state = VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY;
+           break;
+       default:
+           err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
+           break;
+    }
+    return (err);
+}
 
-            case kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile:
-                state = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
-                break;
-            case kIOMemoryPurgeableVolatile:
-                state = VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE;
-                break;
-            case kIOMemoryPurgeableEmpty:
-                state = VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY;
-                break;
-            default:
-                err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
-                break;
-        }
+static IOReturn 
+purgeableStateBits(int * state)
+{
+    IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-        if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
-            break;
+    switch (*state)
+    {
+       case VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE:
+           *state = kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile;
+           break;
+       case VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE:
+           *state = kIOMemoryPurgeableVolatile;
+           break;
+       case VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY:
+           *state = kIOMemoryPurgeableEmpty;
+           break;
+       default:
+           *state = kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile;
+           err = kIOReturnNotReady;
+           break;
+    }
+    return (err);
+}
 
-        err = mach_memory_entry_purgable_control((ipc_port_t) _memEntry, control, &state);
+IOReturn 
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::setPurgeable( IOOptionBits newState,
+                                                  IOOptionBits * oldState )
+{
+    IOReturn     err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    vm_purgable_t control;
+    int           state;
+
+    if (_memEntry)
+    {
+       err = super::setPurgeable(newState, oldState);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+           LOCK;
+       do
+       {
+           // Find the appropriate vm_map for the given task
+           vm_map_t curMap;
+           if (_task == kernel_task && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags))
+           {
+               err = kIOReturnNotReady;
+               break;
+           }
+           else
+               curMap = get_task_map(_task);
+
+           // can only do one range
+           Ranges vec = _ranges;
+           IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+           user_addr_t addr; 
+           IOByteCount len;
+           getAddrLenForInd(addr, len, type, vec, 0);
+
+           err = purgeableControlBits(newState, &control, &state);
+           if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
+               break;
+           err = mach_vm_purgable_control(curMap, addr, control, &state);
+           if (oldState)
+           {
+               if (kIOReturnSuccess == err)
+               {
+                   err = purgeableStateBits(&state);
+                   *oldState = state;
+               }
+           }
+       }
+       while (false);
+       if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+           UNLOCK;
+    }
+    return (err);
+}
+
+IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::setPurgeable( IOOptionBits newState,
+                                           IOOptionBits * oldState )
+{
+    IOReturn     err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    vm_purgable_t control;
+    int           state;
 
-        if (oldState)
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       LOCK;
+
+    do 
+    {
+        if (!_memEntry)
         {
-            if (kIOReturnSuccess == err)
-            {
-                switch (state)
-                {
-                    case VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE:
-                        state = kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile;
-                        break;
-                    case VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE:
-                        state = kIOMemoryPurgeableVolatile;
-                        break;
-                    case VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY:
-                        state = kIOMemoryPurgeableEmpty;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        state = kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile;
-                        err = kIOReturnNotReady;
-                        break;
-                }
-                *oldState = state;
-            }
+            err = kIOReturnNotReady;
+            break;
         }
+       err = purgeableControlBits(newState, &control, &state);
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
+           break;
+        err = mach_memory_entry_purgable_control((ipc_port_t) _memEntry, control, &state);
+       if (oldState)
+       {
+           if (kIOReturnSuccess == err)
+           {
+               err = purgeableStateBits(&state);
+               *oldState = state;
+           }
+       }
     }
     while (false);
 
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       UNLOCK;
+
     return (err);
 }
 
 extern "C" void dcache_incoherent_io_flush64(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count);
 extern "C" void dcache_incoherent_io_store64(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count);
 
+static void SetEncryptOp(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count)
+{
+    ppnum_t page, end;
+
+    page = atop_64(round_page_64(pa));
+    end  = atop_64(trunc_page_64(pa + count));
+    for (; page < end; page++)
+    {
+        pmap_clear_noencrypt(page);    
+    }
+}
+
+static void ClearEncryptOp(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count)
+{
+    ppnum_t page, end;
+
+    page = atop_64(round_page_64(pa));
+    end  = atop_64(trunc_page_64(pa + count));
+    for (; page < end; page++)
+    {
+        pmap_set_noencrypt(page);    
+    }
+}
+
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::performOperation( IOOptionBits options,
                                                 IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount length )
 {
@@ -1661,11 +1869,21 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::performOperation( IOOptionBits options,
         case kIOMemoryIncoherentIOStore:
             func = &dcache_incoherent_io_store64;
             break;
+
+        case kIOMemorySetEncrypted:
+            func = &SetEncryptOp;
+            break;
+        case kIOMemoryClearEncrypted:
+            func = &ClearEncryptOp;
+            break;
     }
 
     if (!func)
         return (kIOReturnUnsupported);
 
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       LOCK;
+
     remaining = length = min(length, getLength() - offset);
     while (remaining)
     // (process another target segment?)
@@ -1673,7 +1891,7 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::performOperation( IOOptionBits options,
         addr64_t    dstAddr64;
         IOByteCount dstLen;
 
-        dstAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment64(offset, &dstLen);
+        dstAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &dstLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
         if (!dstAddr64)
             break;
 
@@ -1687,10 +1905,13 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::performOperation( IOOptionBits options,
         remaining -= dstLen;
     }
 
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       UNLOCK;
+
     return (remaining ? kIOReturnUnderrun : kIOReturnSuccess);
 }
 
-#ifdef __ppc__
+#if    defined(__ppc__) || defined(__arm__)
 extern vm_offset_t             static_memory_end;
 #define io_kernel_static_end   static_memory_end
 #else
@@ -1701,7 +1922,7 @@ extern vm_offset_t                first_avail;
 static kern_return_t
 io_get_kernel_static_upl(
        vm_map_t                /* map */,
-       vm_address_t            offset,
+       uintptr_t               offset,
        vm_size_t               *upl_size,
        upl_t                   *upl,
        upl_page_info_array_t   page_list,
@@ -1730,7 +1951,7 @@ io_get_kernel_static_upl(
        page_list[page].precious  = 0;
        page_list[page].device    = 0;
        if (phys > highestPage)
-           highestPage = page;
+           highestPage = phys;
     }
 
     *highest_page = highestPage;
@@ -1741,7 +1962,7 @@ io_get_kernel_static_upl(
 IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::wireVirtual(IODirection forDirection)
 {
     IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-    IOReturn error = kIOReturnNoMemory;
+    IOReturn error = kIOReturnCannotWire;
     ioGMDData *dataP;
     ppnum_t mapBase = 0;
     IOMapper *mapper;
@@ -1764,7 +1985,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::wireVirtual(IODirection forDirection)
     dataP = 0; // May no longer be valid so lets not get tempted.
 
     if (forDirection == kIODirectionNone)
-        forDirection = _direction;
+        forDirection = getDirection();
 
     int uplFlags;    // This Mem Desc's default flags for upl creation
     switch (kIODirectionOutIn & forDirection)
@@ -1807,7 +2028,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::wireVirtual(IODirection forDirection)
 
        // Get the startPage address and length of vec[range]
        getAddrLenForInd(startPage, numBytes, type, vec, range);
-       iopl.fPageOffset = (short) startPage & PAGE_MASK;
+       iopl.fPageOffset = startPage & PAGE_MASK;
        numBytes += iopl.fPageOffset;
        startPage = trunc_page_64(startPage);
 
@@ -1834,7 +2055,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::wireVirtual(IODirection forDirection)
             int ioplFlags = uplFlags;
             upl_page_list_ptr_t baseInfo = &pageInfo[pageIndex];
 
-            vm_size_t ioplSize = round_page_32(numBytes);
+            vm_size_t ioplSize = round_page(numBytes);
             unsigned int numPageInfo = atop_32(ioplSize);
 
            if (theMap == kernel_map && kernelStart < io_kernel_static_end) {
@@ -1859,7 +2080,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::wireVirtual(IODirection forDirection)
                assert(theMap);
                error = vm_map_create_upl(theMap,
                                                startPage,
-                                               &ioplSize,
+                                               (upl_size_t*)&ioplSize,
                                                &iopl.fIOPL,
                                                baseInfo,
                                                &numPageInfo,
@@ -1875,7 +2096,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::wireVirtual(IODirection forDirection)
            if (highPage > highestPage)
                highestPage = highPage;
 
-            error = kIOReturnNoMemory;
+            error = kIOReturnCannotWire;
 
             if (baseInfo->device) {
                 numPageInfo = 1;
@@ -1954,6 +2175,9 @@ abortExit:
             mapper->iovmFree(mapBase, _pages);
     }
 
+    if (error == KERN_FAILURE)
+        error = kIOReturnCannotWire;
+
     return error;
 }
 
@@ -1971,16 +2195,32 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::prepare(IODirection forDirection)
     IOReturn error    = kIOReturnSuccess;
     IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
 
+    if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
+
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockLock(_prepareLock);
+
     if (!_wireCount
     && (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) ) {
         error = wireVirtual(forDirection);
-        if (error)
-            return error;
     }
 
-    _wireCount++;
+    if (kIOReturnSuccess == error)
+       _wireCount++;
 
-    return kIOReturnSuccess;
+    if (1 == _wireCount)
+    {
+        if (kIOMemoryClearEncrypt & _flags)
+        {
+            performOperation(kIOMemoryClearEncrypted, 0, _length);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockUnlock(_prepareLock);
+
+    return error;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1994,50 +2234,75 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::prepare(IODirection forDirection)
  
 IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::complete(IODirection /* forDirection */)
 {
-    assert(_wireCount);
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
 
-    if (!_wireCount)
-        return kIOReturnSuccess;
+    if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-    _wireCount--;
-    if (!_wireCount) {
-       IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockLock(_prepareLock);
+
+    assert(_wireCount);
 
-        if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type)) {
-            /* kIOMemoryTypePhysical */
-            // DO NOTHING
+    if (_wireCount)
+    {
+        if ((kIOMemoryClearEncrypt & _flags) && (1 == _wireCount))
+        {
+            performOperation(kIOMemorySetEncrypted, 0, _length);
         }
-        else {
-            ioGMDData * dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
-            ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(dataP);
+
+       _wireCount--;
+       if (!_wireCount)
+       {
+           IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+           ioGMDData * dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+           ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(dataP);
            UInt count = getNumIOPL(_memoryEntries, dataP);
 
-            if (dataP->fMapper && _pages && ioplList[0].fMappedBase)
-                dataP->fMapper->iovmFree(ioplList[0].fMappedBase, _pages);
+#if IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE
+           if (__iomd_reservedA) panic("complete() while dma active");
+#endif /* IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE */
+
+           if (dataP->fMapper && _pages && ioplList[0].fMappedBase)
+               dataP->fMapper->iovmFree(ioplList[0].fMappedBase, _pages);
 
-            // Only complete iopls that we created which are for TypeVirtual
-            if (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) {
-                for (UInt ind = 0; ind < count; ind++)
+           // Only complete iopls that we created which are for TypeVirtual
+           if (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) {
+               for (UInt ind = 0; ind < count; ind++)
                    if (ioplList[ind].fIOPL) {
                         upl_commit(ioplList[ind].fIOPL, 0, 0);
                         upl_deallocate(ioplList[ind].fIOPL);
                    }
-            }
+           }
+           (void) _memoryEntries->initWithBytes(dataP, sizeof(ioGMDData)); // == setLength()
 
-            (void) _memoryEntries->initWithBytes(dataP, sizeof(ioGMDData)); // == setLength()
-        }
+           dataP->fPreparationID = kIOPreparationIDUnprepared;
+       }
     }
+
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockUnlock(_prepareLock);
+
     return kIOReturnSuccess;
 }
 
 IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
-       vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress *      atAddress,
+       vm_map_t                __addressMap,
+       IOVirtualAddress *      __address,
        IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             sourceOffset,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+       IOByteCount             __offset,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
+
 {
-    kern_return_t kr;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (!(kIOMap64Bit & options)) panic("IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap !64bit");
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+    IOMemoryMap *  mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) *__address;
+    mach_vm_size_t offset  = mapping->fOffset + __offset;
+    mach_vm_size_t length  = mapping->fLength;
+
+    kern_return_t kr = kIOReturnVMError;
     ipc_port_t sharedMem = (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
 
     IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
@@ -2051,15 +2316,14 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
 
     // mapping source == dest? (could be much better)
     if( _task
-    && (addressMap == get_task_map(_task)) && (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
-    && (1 == _rangesCount) && (0 == sourceOffset)
-    && range0Addr && (length <= range0Len) ) {
-       if (sizeof(user_addr_t) > 4 && ((UInt64) range0Addr) >> 32)
-           return kIOReturnOverrun;    // Doesn't fit in 32bit return field
-       else {
-           *atAddress = range0Addr;
-           return( kIOReturnSuccess );
-       }
+     && (mapping->fAddressMap == get_task_map(_task)) && (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
+     && (1 == _rangesCount) && (0 == offset)
+     && range0Addr && (length <= range0Len) )
+    {
+       mapping->fAddress = range0Addr;
+       mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapStatic;
+
+       return( kIOReturnSuccess );
     }
 
     if( 0 == sharedMem) {
@@ -2069,31 +2333,54 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
         if( _task) {
 
             memory_object_size_t actualSize = size;
+           vm_prot_t            prot       = VM_PROT_READ;
+           if (!(kIOMapReadOnly & options))
+               prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+           else if (kIOMapDefaultCache != (options & kIOMapCacheMask))
+               prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
             kr = mach_make_memory_entry_64(get_task_map(_task),
                         &actualSize, range0Addr,
-                        VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE, &sharedMem,
+                        prot, &sharedMem,
                         NULL );
 
-            if( (KERN_SUCCESS == kr) && (actualSize != round_page_32(size))) {
+            if( (KERN_SUCCESS == kr) && (actualSize != round_page(size)))
+           {
+               // map will cross vm objects
 #if IOASSERT
-                IOLog("mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08llx) size (%08lx:%08x)\n",
-                            range0Addr, (UInt32) actualSize, size);
+                IOLog("mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08llx) size (%08llx:%08llx)\n",
+                     range0Addr, (UInt64)actualSize, (UInt64)size);
 #endif
                 kr = kIOReturnVMError;
                 ipc_port_release_send( sharedMem );
-            }
-
-            if( KERN_SUCCESS != kr)
                 sharedMem = MACH_PORT_NULL;
 
-        } else do {    // _task == 0, must be physical
+               mach_vm_address_t address;
+               mach_vm_size_t    pageOffset = (range0Addr & PAGE_MASK);
+
+               address = trunc_page_64(mapping->fAddress);
+               if ((options & kIOMapAnywhere) || ((mapping->fAddress - address) == pageOffset))
+               {
+                   kr = IOMemoryDescriptorMapCopy(mapping->fAddressMap, 
+                                                   get_task_map(_task), range0Addr,
+                                                   options,
+                                                   offset, &address, round_page_64(length + pageOffset));
+                   if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS)
+                       mapping->fAddress = address + pageOffset;
+                   else
+                       mapping->fAddress = NULL;
+               }
+            }
+        } 
+       else do
+       {       // _task == 0, must be physical
 
             memory_object_t    pager;
            unsigned int        flags = 0;
            addr64_t            pa;
            IOPhysicalLength    segLen;
 
-           pa = getPhysicalSegment64( sourceOffset, &segLen );
+           pa = getPhysicalSegment( offset, &segLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone );
 
             if( !reserved) {
                 reserved = IONew( ExpansionData, 1 );
@@ -2109,6 +2396,17 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
                case kIOMapDefaultCache:
                default:
                    flags = IODefaultCacheBits(pa);
+                   if (DEVICE_PAGER_CACHE_INHIB & flags)
+                   {
+                       if (DEVICE_PAGER_GUARDED & flags)
+                           mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapInhibitCache;
+                       else
+                           mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapWriteCombineCache;
+                   }
+                   else if (DEVICE_PAGER_WRITE_THROUGH & flags)
+                       mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapWriteThruCache;
+                   else
+                       mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapCopybackCache;
                    break;
        
                case kIOMapInhibitCache:
@@ -2133,7 +2431,7 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
 
            flags |= reserved->pagerContig ? DEVICE_PAGER_CONTIGUOUS : 0;
 
-            pager = device_pager_setup( (memory_object_t) 0, (int) reserved, 
+            pager = device_pager_setup( (memory_object_t) 0, (uintptr_t) reserved, 
                                                                size, flags);
             assert( pager );
 
@@ -2142,7 +2440,8 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
                             size, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE, pager, &sharedMem );
 
                 assert( KERN_SUCCESS == kr );
-                if( KERN_SUCCESS != kr) {
+                if( KERN_SUCCESS != kr)
+               {
                    device_pager_deallocate( pager );
                     pager = MACH_PORT_NULL;
                     sharedMem = MACH_PORT_NULL;
@@ -2160,154 +2459,105 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
         _memEntry = (void *) sharedMem;
     }
 
-
-    if0 == sharedMem)
-      kr = kIOReturnVMError;
+    IOReturn result;
+    if (0 == sharedMem)
+      result = kr;
     else
-      kr = super::doMap( addressMap, atAddress,
-                           options, sourceOffset, length );
+      result = super::doMap( __addressMap, __address,
+                                       options, __offset, __length );
 
-    return( kr );
+    return( result );
 }
 
 IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doUnmap(
        vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress        logical,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+       IOVirtualAddress        __address,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
 {
-    // could be much better
-    if( _task && (addressMap == get_task_map(_task)) && (1 == _rangesCount)) {
-
-       IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
-       user_addr_t range0Addr;
-       IOByteCount range0Len;
-
-       getAddrLenForInd(range0Addr, range0Len, type, _ranges, 0);
-       if (logical == range0Addr && length <= range0Len)
-           return( kIOReturnSuccess );
-    }
-
-    return( super::doUnmap( addressMap, logical, length ));
+    return (super::doUnmap(addressMap, __address, __length));
 }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-OSDefineMetaClassAndAbstractStructors( IOMemoryMap, OSObject )
-
-/* inline function implementation */
-IOPhysicalAddress IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalAddress()
-    { return( getPhysicalSegment( 0, 0 )); }
+#undef super
+#define super OSObject
 
+OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors( IOMemoryMap, OSObject )
 
-#undef super
-#define super IOMemoryMap
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 0);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 1);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 2);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 3);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 4);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 5);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 6);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 7);
 
-OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(_IOMemoryMap, IOMemoryMap)
+/* ex-inline function implementation */
+IOPhysicalAddress IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalAddress()
+    { return( getPhysicalSegment( 0, 0 )); }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-bool _IOMemoryMap::initCompatible(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    _memory,
-       IOMemoryMap *           _superMap,
-        IOByteCount            _offset,
-        IOByteCount            _length )
+bool IOMemoryMap::init(
+        task_t                 intoTask,
+        mach_vm_address_t      toAddress,
+        IOOptionBits           _options,
+        mach_vm_size_t         _offset,
+        mach_vm_size_t         _length )
 {
-
-    if( !super::init())
-       return( false);
-
-    if( (_offset + _length) > _superMap->getLength())
+    if (!intoTask)
        return( false);
 
-    _memory->retain();
-    memory     = _memory;
-    _superMap->retain();
-    superMap   = _superMap;
+    if (!super::init())
+       return(false);
 
-    offset     = _offset;
-    if( _length)
-        length = _length;
-    else
-        length = _memory->getLength();
+    fAddressMap  = get_task_map(intoTask);
+    if (!fAddressMap)
+       return(false);
+    vm_map_reference(fAddressMap);
 
-    options    = superMap->getMapOptions();
-    logical    = superMap->getVirtualAddress() + offset;
+    fAddressTask = intoTask;
+    fOptions     = _options;
+    fLength      = _length;
+    fOffset     = _offset;
+    fAddress     = toAddress;
 
-    return( true );
+    return (true);
 }
 
-bool _IOMemoryMap::initWithDescriptor(
-        IOMemoryDescriptor *   _memory,
-        task_t                 intoTask,
-        IOVirtualAddress       toAddress,
-        IOOptionBits           _options,
-        IOByteCount            _offset,
-        IOByteCount            _length )
+bool IOMemoryMap::setMemoryDescriptor(IOMemoryDescriptor * _memory, mach_vm_size_t _offset)
 {
-    bool ok;
-    bool redir = ((kIOMapUnique|kIOMapReference) == ((kIOMapUnique|kIOMapReference) & _options));
-
-    if ((!_memory) || (!intoTask))
-       return( false);
+    if (!_memory)
+       return(false);
 
-    if( (_offset + _length) > _memory->getLength())
-       return( false);
-
-    if (!redir)
+    if (!fSuperMap)
     {
-       if (!super::init())
-           return(false);
-       addressMap  = get_task_map(intoTask);
-       if( !addressMap)
+       if( (_offset + fLength) > _memory->getLength())
            return( false);
-       vm_map_reference(addressMap);
-       addressTask = intoTask;
-       logical     = toAddress;
-       options     = _options;
+       fOffset = _offset;
     }
 
     _memory->retain();
-
-    offset     = _offset;
-    if( _length)
-        length = _length;
-    else
-        length = _memory->getLength();
-
-    if( options & kIOMapStatic)
-       ok = true;
-    else
-       ok = (kIOReturnSuccess == _memory->doMap( addressMap, &toAddress,
-                                                 _options, offset, length ));
-    if (ok || redir)
-    {
-       if (memory)
-           memory->release();
-       memory  = _memory;
-       logical = toAddress;
-    }
-    else
+    if (fMemory)
     {
-        _memory->release();
-       if (!redir)
-       {
-           logical = 0;
-           memory = 0;
-           vm_map_deallocate(addressMap);
-           addressMap = 0;
-       }
+       if (fMemory != _memory)
+           fMemory->removeMapping(this);
+       fMemory->release();
     }
+    fMemory = _memory;
 
-    return( ok );
+    return( true );
 }
 
-/* LP64todo - these need to expand */
 struct IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef
 {
     ipc_port_t         sharedMem;
-    vm_size_t          size;
-    vm_offset_t                mapped;
-    IOByteCount                sourceOffset;
+    vm_map_t            src_map;
+    mach_vm_offset_t    src_address;
+    mach_vm_address_t  mapped;
+    mach_vm_size_t     size;
+    mach_vm_size_t     sourceOffset;
     IOOptionBits       options;
 };
 
@@ -2317,10 +2567,15 @@ static kern_return_t IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc(vm_map_t map, void * _ref)
     IOReturn                       err;
 
     do {
-        if( ref->sharedMem) {
+        if( ref->sharedMem)
+       {
             vm_prot_t prot = VM_PROT_READ
                             | ((ref->options & kIOMapReadOnly) ? 0 : VM_PROT_WRITE);
 
+           // VM system requires write access to change cache mode
+           if (kIOMapDefaultCache != (ref->options & kIOMapCacheMask))
+               prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
             // set memory entry cache
             vm_prot_t memEntryCacheMode = prot | MAP_MEM_ONLY;
             switch (ref->options & kIOMapCacheMask)
@@ -2354,7 +2609,7 @@ static kern_return_t IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc(vm_map_t map, void * _ref)
             if (KERN_SUCCESS != err)
                 IOLog("MAP_MEM_ONLY failed %d\n", err);
 
-            err = vm_map( map,
+            err = mach_vm_map( map,
                             &ref->mapped,
                             ref->size, 0 /* mask */, 
                             (( ref->options & kIOMapAnywhere ) ? VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE : VM_FLAGS_FIXED)
@@ -2369,73 +2624,155 @@ static kern_return_t IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc(vm_map_t map, void * _ref)
                 ref->mapped = 0;
                 continue;
             }
-    
-        } else {
-    
-            err = vm_allocate( map, &ref->mapped, ref->size,
+        }
+        else if (ref->src_map)
+       {
+           vm_prot_t cur_prot, max_prot;
+           err = mach_vm_remap(map, &ref->mapped, ref->size, PAGE_MASK, 
+                                   (ref->options & kIOMapAnywhere) ? TRUE : FALSE,
+                                   ref->src_map, ref->src_address,
+                                   FALSE /* copy */,
+                                   &cur_prot,
+                                   &max_prot,
+                                   VM_INHERIT_NONE);
+            if (KERN_SUCCESS == err)
+           {
+               if ((!(VM_PROT_READ & cur_prot))
+                   || (!(kIOMapReadOnly & ref->options) && !(VM_PROT_WRITE & cur_prot)))
+               {
+                   mach_vm_deallocate(map, ref->mapped, ref->size);
+                   err = KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
+           }
+            if (KERN_SUCCESS != err)
+                ref->mapped = 0;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+            err = mach_vm_allocate( map, &ref->mapped, ref->size,
                             ((ref->options & kIOMapAnywhere) ? VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE : VM_FLAGS_FIXED)
                             | VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_IOKIT) );
-    
             if( KERN_SUCCESS != err) {
                 ref->mapped = 0;
                 continue;
             }
-    
             // we have to make sure that these guys don't get copied if we fork.
             err = vm_inherit( map, ref->mapped, ref->size, VM_INHERIT_NONE);
             assert( KERN_SUCCESS == err );
         }
-
-    while( false );
+    }
+    while( false );
 
     return( err );
 }
 
+kern_return_t 
+IOMemoryDescriptorMapMemEntry(vm_map_t map, ipc_port_t entry, IOOptionBits options, bool pageable,
+                               mach_vm_size_t offset, 
+                               mach_vm_address_t * address, mach_vm_size_t length)
+{
+    IOReturn err;
+    IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef ref;
+
+    ref.sharedMem    = entry;
+    ref.src_map      = NULL;
+    ref.sharedMem    = entry;
+    ref.sourceOffset = trunc_page_64(offset);
+    ref.options             = options;
+    ref.size         = length;
+
+    if (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
+       // vm_map looks for addresses above here, even when VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE
+       ref.mapped = 0;
+    else
+       ref.mapped = *address;
+
+    if( ref.sharedMem && (map == kernel_map) && pageable)
+       err = IOIteratePageableMaps( ref.size, &IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc, &ref );
+    else
+       err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc( map, &ref );
+
+    *address = ref.mapped;
+    return (err);
+}
+
+kern_return_t 
+IOMemoryDescriptorMapCopy(vm_map_t map, 
+                               vm_map_t src_map, 
+                               mach_vm_offset_t src_address,
+                               IOOptionBits options,
+                               mach_vm_size_t offset, 
+                               mach_vm_address_t * address, mach_vm_size_t length)
+{
+    IOReturn err;
+    IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef ref;
+
+    ref.sharedMem    = NULL;
+    ref.src_map      = src_map;
+    ref.src_address  = src_address;
+    ref.sourceOffset = trunc_page_64(offset);
+    ref.options             = options;
+    ref.size         = length;
+
+    if (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
+       // vm_map looks for addresses above here, even when VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE
+       ref.mapped = 0;
+    else
+       ref.mapped = *address;
+
+    if (map == kernel_map)
+       err = IOIteratePageableMaps(ref.size, &IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc, &ref);
+    else
+       err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc(map, &ref);
+
+    *address = ref.mapped;
+    return (err);
+}
 
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
-       vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress *      atAddress,
+       vm_map_t                __addressMap,
+       IOVirtualAddress *      __address,
        IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             sourceOffset,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+       IOByteCount             __offset,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
 {
-    IOReturn           err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    memory_object_t    pager;
-    vm_address_t       logical;
-    IOByteCount                pageOffset;
-    IOPhysicalAddress  sourceAddr;
-    IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef      ref;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (!(kIOMap64Bit & options)) panic("IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap !64bit");
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
-    ref.sharedMem      = (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
-    ref.sourceOffset   = sourceOffset;
-    ref.options                = options;
+    IOMemoryMap *  mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) *__address;
+    mach_vm_size_t offset  = mapping->fOffset + __offset;
+    mach_vm_size_t length  = mapping->fLength;
 
-    do {
-
-        if( 0 == length)
-            length = getLength();
+    IOReturn         err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    memory_object_t   pager;
+    mach_vm_size_t    pageOffset;
+    IOPhysicalAddress sourceAddr;
+    unsigned int lock_count;
 
-       sourceAddr = getSourceSegment( sourceOffset, NULL );
-       pageOffset = sourceAddr - trunc_page_32( sourceAddr );
+    do
+    {
+       sourceAddr = getPhysicalSegment( offset, NULL, _kIOMemorySourceSegment );
+       pageOffset = sourceAddr - trunc_page( sourceAddr );
 
-       ref.size = round_page_32( length + pageOffset );
+       if( reserved)
+           pager = (memory_object_t) reserved->devicePager;
+       else
+           pager = MACH_PORT_NULL;
 
        if ((kIOMapReference|kIOMapUnique) == ((kIOMapReference|kIOMapUnique) & options))
        {
-           upl_t         redirUPL2;
-           vm_size_t     size;
-           int           flags;
+           upl_t          redirUPL2;
+           vm_size_t      size;
+           int            flags;
 
-           _IOMemoryMap * mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) *atAddress;
-           ref.mapped = mapping->getVirtualAddress();
-    
            if (!_memEntry)
            {
                err = kIOReturnNotReadable;
                continue;
            }
 
-           size = length;
+           size = round_page(mapping->fLength + pageOffset);
            flags = UPL_COPYOUT_FROM | UPL_SET_INTERNAL 
                        | UPL_SET_LITE | UPL_SET_IO_WIRE | UPL_BLOCK_ACCESS;
 
@@ -2444,7 +2781,18 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
                                            &flags))
                redirUPL2 = NULL;
 
-           err = upl_transpose(redirUPL2, mapping->redirUPL);
+           for (lock_count = 0;
+                IORecursiveLockHaveLock(gIOMemoryLock);
+                lock_count++) {
+             UNLOCK;
+           }
+           err = upl_transpose(redirUPL2, mapping->fRedirUPL);
+           for (;
+                lock_count;
+                lock_count--) {
+             LOCK;
+           }
+
            if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
            {
                IOLog("upl_transpose(%x)\n", err);
@@ -2460,81 +2808,80 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
            {
                // swap the memEntries since they now refer to different vm_objects
                void * me = _memEntry;
-               _memEntry = mapping->memory->_memEntry;
-               mapping->memory->_memEntry = me;
+               _memEntry = mapping->fMemory->_memEntry;
+               mapping->fMemory->_memEntry = me;
            }
+           if (pager)
+               err = handleFault( reserved->devicePager, mapping->fAddressMap, mapping->fAddress, offset, length, options );
        }
        else
        {
-    
-           logical = *atAddress;
-           if( options & kIOMapAnywhere) 
-               // vm_map looks for addresses above here, even when VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE
-               ref.mapped = 0;
-           else {
-               ref.mapped = trunc_page_32( logical );
-               if( (logical - ref.mapped) != pageOffset) {
+           mach_vm_address_t address;
+
+           if (!(options & kIOMapAnywhere))
+           {
+               address = trunc_page_64(mapping->fAddress);
+               if( (mapping->fAddress - address) != pageOffset)
+               {
                    err = kIOReturnVMError;
                    continue;
                }
            }
-    
-           if( ref.sharedMem && (addressMap == kernel_map) && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags))
-               err = IOIteratePageableMaps( ref.size, &IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc, &ref );
-           else
-               err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc( addressMap, &ref );
-       }
-
-        if( err != KERN_SUCCESS)
-            continue;
 
-        if( reserved)
-            pager = (memory_object_t) reserved->devicePager;
-        else
-            pager = MACH_PORT_NULL;
+           err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapMemEntry(mapping->fAddressMap, (ipc_port_t) _memEntry,
+                                                   options, (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags),
+                                                   offset, &address, round_page_64(length + pageOffset));
+           if( err != KERN_SUCCESS)
+               continue;
 
-        if( !ref.sharedMem || pager )
-            err = handleFault( pager, addressMap, ref.mapped, sourceOffset, length, options );
+           if (!_memEntry || pager)
+           {
+               err = handleFault( pager, mapping->fAddressMap, address, offset, length, options );
+               if (err != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                   doUnmap( mapping->fAddressMap, (IOVirtualAddress) mapping, 0 );
+           }
 
-    } while( false );
+#if DEBUG
+       if (kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
+           IOLog("mapping(%x) desc %p @ %lx, map %p, address %qx, offset %qx, length %qx\n", 
+                   err, this, sourceAddr, mapping, address, offset, length);
+#endif
 
-    if( err != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-        if( ref.mapped)
-            doUnmap( addressMap, ref.mapped, ref.size );
-        *atAddress = NULL;
-    } else
-        *atAddress = ref.mapped + pageOffset;
+           if (err == KERN_SUCCESS)
+               mapping->fAddress = address + pageOffset;
+           else
+               mapping->fAddress = NULL;
+       }
+    }
+    while( false );
 
-    return( err );
+    return (err);
 }
 
-enum {
-    kIOMemoryRedirected        = 0x00010000
-};
-
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::handleFault(
         void *                 _pager,
        vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress        address,
-       IOByteCount             sourceOffset,
-       IOByteCount             length,
+       mach_vm_address_t       address,
+       mach_vm_size_t          sourceOffset,
+       mach_vm_size_t          length,
         IOOptionBits           options )
 {
     IOReturn           err = kIOReturnSuccess;
     memory_object_t    pager = (memory_object_t) _pager;
-    vm_size_t          size;
-    vm_size_t          bytes;
-    vm_size_t          page;
-    IOByteCount                pageOffset;
-    IOByteCount                pagerOffset;
+    mach_vm_size_t     size;
+    mach_vm_size_t     bytes;
+    mach_vm_size_t     page;
+    mach_vm_size_t     pageOffset;
+    mach_vm_size_t     pagerOffset;
     IOPhysicalLength   segLen;
     addr64_t           physAddr;
 
-    if( !addressMap) {
-
-        if( kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags) {
-#ifdef DEBUG
-            IOLog("sleep mem redirect %p, %lx\n", this, sourceOffset);
+    if( !addressMap)
+    {
+        if( kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags)
+       {
+#if DEBUG
+            IOLog("sleep mem redirect %p, %qx\n", this, sourceOffset);
 #endif
             do {
                SLEEP;
@@ -2544,7 +2891,7 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::handleFault(
         return( kIOReturnSuccess );
     }
 
-    physAddr = getPhysicalSegment64( sourceOffset, &segLen );
+    physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( sourceOffset, &segLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone );
     assert( physAddr );
     pageOffset = physAddr - trunc_page_64( physAddr );
     pagerOffset = sourceOffset;
@@ -2554,41 +2901,45 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::handleFault(
 
     segLen += pageOffset;
     bytes = size;
-    do {
+    do
+    {
        // in the middle of the loop only map whole pages
        if( segLen >= bytes)
            segLen = bytes;
-       else if( segLen != trunc_page_32( segLen))
+       else if( segLen != trunc_page( segLen))
            err = kIOReturnVMError;
         if( physAddr != trunc_page_64( physAddr))
            err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
        if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
            break;
 
-#ifdef DEBUG
+#if DEBUG
        if( kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
-           IOLog("_IOMemoryMap::map(%p) %08lx->%08qx:%08lx\n",
+           IOLog("IOMemoryMap::map(%p) 0x%qx->0x%qx:0x%qx\n",
                 addressMap, address + pageOffset, physAddr + pageOffset,
                segLen - pageOffset);
 #endif
 
+
         if( pager) {
             if( reserved && reserved->pagerContig) {
                 IOPhysicalLength       allLen;
                 addr64_t               allPhys;
 
-                allPhys = getPhysicalSegment64( 0, &allLen );
+                allPhys = getPhysicalSegment( 0, &allLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone );
                 assert( allPhys );
-                err = device_pager_populate_object( pager, 0, allPhys >> PAGE_SHIFT, round_page_32(allLen) );
-
-            } else {
+               err = device_pager_populate_object( pager, 0, atop_64(allPhys), round_page(allLen) );
+            }
+           else
+           {
 
-           for( page = 0;
+               for( page = 0;
                      (page < segLen) && (KERN_SUCCESS == err);
-                     page += page_size) {
-                        err = device_pager_populate_object(pager, pagerOffset,
-                               (ppnum_t)((physAddr + page) >> PAGE_SHIFT), page_size);
-                       pagerOffset += page_size;
+                     page += page_size)
+               {
+                   err = device_pager_populate_object(pager, pagerOffset,
+                           (ppnum_t)(atop_64(physAddr + page)), page_size);
+                   pagerOffset += page_size;
                 }
             }
             assert( KERN_SUCCESS == err );
@@ -2596,24 +2947,14 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::handleFault(
                 break;
         }
 
+       // This call to vm_fault causes an early pmap level resolution
+       // of the mappings created above for kernel mappings, since
+       // faulting in later can't take place from interrupt level.
        /*  *** ALERT *** */
        /*  *** Temporary Workaround *** */
 
-       /* This call to vm_fault causes an early pmap level resolution  */
-       /* of the mappings created above.  Need for this is in absolute */
-       /* violation of the basic tenet that the pmap layer is a cache. */
-       /* Further, it implies a serious I/O architectural violation on */
-       /* the part of some user of the mapping.  As of this writing,   */
-       /* the call to vm_fault is needed because the NVIDIA driver     */
-       /* makes a call to pmap_extract.  The NVIDIA driver needs to be */
-       /* fixed as soon as possible.  The NVIDIA driver should not     */
-       /* need to query for this info as it should know from the doMap */
-       /* call where the physical memory is mapped.  When a query is   */
-       /* necessary to find a physical mapping, it should be done      */
-       /* through an iokit call which includes the mapped memory       */
-       /* handle.  This is required for machine architecture independence.*/
-
-       if(!(kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags)) {
+       if ((addressMap == kernel_map) && !(kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags))
+       {
                vm_fault(addressMap, 
                         (vm_map_offset_t)address, 
                         VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE, 
@@ -2629,45 +2970,55 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::handleFault(
        bytes -= segLen;
        pageOffset = 0;
 
-    } while( bytes
-       && (physAddr = getPhysicalSegment64( sourceOffset, &segLen )));
+    } 
+    while (bytes && (physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( sourceOffset, &segLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone )));
 
-    ifbytes)
+    if (bytes)
         err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
 
-    return( err );
+    return (err);
 }
 
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::doUnmap(
        vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress        logical,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+       IOVirtualAddress        __address,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
 {
-    IOReturn   err;
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-    if( kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
-       kprintf("IOMemoryDescriptor::doUnmap(%x) %08x:%08x\n",
-                addressMap, logical, length );
-#endif
+    IOReturn         err;
+    mach_vm_address_t address;
+    mach_vm_size_t    length;
 
-    if( true /* && (addressMap == kernel_map) || (addressMap == get_task_map(current_task()))*/) {
+    if (__length)
+    {
+       address = __address;
+       length  = __length;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       addressMap = ((IOMemoryMap *) __address)->fAddressMap;
+       address    = ((IOMemoryMap *) __address)->fAddress;
+       length     = ((IOMemoryMap *) __address)->fLength;
+    }
 
-        if( _memEntry && (addressMap == kernel_map) && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags))
-            addressMap = IOPageableMapForAddress( logical );
+    if ((addressMap == kernel_map) 
+        && ((kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags) || !_memEntry))
+       addressMap = IOPageableMapForAddress( address );
 
-        err = vm_deallocate( addressMap, logical, length );
+#if DEBUG
+    if( kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
+       IOLog("IOMemoryDescriptor::doUnmap map %p, 0x%qx:0x%qx\n",
+               addressMap, address, length );
+#endif
 
-    } else
-        err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    err = mach_vm_deallocate( addressMap, address, length );
 
-    return( err );
+    return (err);
 }
 
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
 {
     IOReturn           err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    _IOMemoryMap *     mapping = 0;
+    IOMemoryMap *      mapping = 0;
     OSIterator *       iter;
 
     LOCK;
@@ -2679,7 +3030,7 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
 
     do {
        if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection( _mappings))) {
-           while( (mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject()))
+           while( (mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject()))
                mapping->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
 
            iter->release();
@@ -2693,234 +3044,263 @@ IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
 
     UNLOCK;
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
     // temporary binary compatibility
     IOSubMemoryDescriptor * subMem;
     if( (subMem = OSDynamicCast( IOSubMemoryDescriptor, this)))
        err = subMem->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
     else
        err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
     return( err );
 }
 
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
-{
-    return( _parent->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect ));
-}
-
-IOReturn _IOMemoryMap::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
 {
     IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-    if( superMap) {
-//        err = ((_IOMemoryMap *)superMap)->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
+    if( fSuperMap) {
+//        err = ((IOMemoryMap *)superMap)->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
     } else {
 
         LOCK;
 
        do
        {
-           if (!logical)
+           if (!fAddress)
                break;
-           if (!addressMap)
+           if (!fAddressMap)
                break;
 
-           if ((!safeTask || (get_task_map(safeTask) != addressMap))
-             && (0 == (options & kIOMapStatic)))
+           if ((!safeTask || (get_task_map(safeTask) != fAddressMap))
+             && (0 == (fOptions & kIOMapStatic)))
            {
-               IOUnmapPages( addressMap, logical, length );
-               if(!doRedirect && safeTask
-                && (((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical) 
-                   || ((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64)))
-                {
-                   err = vm_deallocate( addressMap, logical, length );
-                   err = memory->doMap( addressMap, &logical,
-                                        (options & ~kIOMapAnywhere) /*| kIOMapReserve*/,
-                                        offset, length );
-               } else
-                   err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-#ifdef DEBUG
-               IOLog("IOMemoryMap::redirect(%d, %p) %x:%lx from %p\n", doRedirect, this, logical, length, addressMap);
+               IOUnmapPages( fAddressMap, fAddress, fLength );
+               err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+#if DEBUG
+               IOLog("IOMemoryMap::redirect(%d, %p) 0x%qx:0x%qx from %p\n", doRedirect, this, fAddress, fLength, fAddressMap);
 #endif
            }
-           else if (kIOMapWriteCombineCache == (options & kIOMapCacheMask))
+           else if (kIOMapWriteCombineCache == (fOptions & kIOMapCacheMask))
            {
                IOOptionBits newMode;
-               newMode = (options & ~kIOMapCacheMask) | (doRedirect ? kIOMapInhibitCache : kIOMapWriteCombineCache);
-               IOProtectCacheMode(addressMap, logical, length, newMode);
+               newMode = (fOptions & ~kIOMapCacheMask) | (doRedirect ? kIOMapInhibitCache : kIOMapWriteCombineCache);
+               IOProtectCacheMode(fAddressMap, fAddress, fLength, newMode);
            }
        }
        while (false);
-
        UNLOCK;
     }
 
-    if ((((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
-        || ((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
+    if ((((fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
+        || ((fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
      && safeTask
-     && (doRedirect != (0 != (memory->_flags & kIOMemoryRedirected))))
-       memory->redirect(safeTask, doRedirect);
+     && (doRedirect != (0 != (fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryRedirected))))
+       fMemory->redirect(safeTask, doRedirect);
 
     return( err );
 }
 
-IOReturn _IOMemoryMap::unmap( void )
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::unmap( void )
 {
     IOReturn   err;
 
     LOCK;
 
-    if( logical && addressMap && (0 == superMap)
-       && (0 == (options & kIOMapStatic))) {
+    if( fAddress && fAddressMap && (0 == fSuperMap) && fMemory
+       && (0 == (fOptions & kIOMapStatic))) {
 
-        err = memory->doUnmap( addressMap, logical, length );
-        vm_map_deallocate(addressMap);
-        addressMap = 0;
+        err = fMemory->doUnmap(fAddressMap, (IOVirtualAddress) this, 0);
 
     } else
        err = kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-    logical = 0;
+    if (fAddressMap)
+    {
+        vm_map_deallocate(fAddressMap);
+        fAddressMap = 0;
+    }
+
+    fAddress = 0;
 
     UNLOCK;
 
     return( err );
 }
 
-void _IOMemoryMap::taskDied( void )
+void IOMemoryMap::taskDied( void )
 {
     LOCK;
-    if( addressMap) {
-        vm_map_deallocate(addressMap);
-        addressMap = 0;
-    }
-    addressTask        = 0;
-    logical    = 0;
+    if (fUserClientUnmap)
+       unmap();
+    if( fAddressMap) {
+        vm_map_deallocate(fAddressMap);
+        fAddressMap = 0;
+    }
+    fAddressTask = 0;
+    fAddress    = 0;
     UNLOCK;
 }
 
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::userClientUnmap( void )
+{
+    fUserClientUnmap = true;
+    return (kIOReturnSuccess);
+}
+
 // Overload the release mechanism.  All mappings must be a member
 // of a memory descriptors _mappings set.  This means that we
 // always have 2 references on a mapping.  When either of these mappings
 // are released we need to free ourselves.
-void _IOMemoryMap::taggedRelease(const void *tag) const
+void IOMemoryMap::taggedRelease(const void *tag) const
 {
     LOCK;
     super::taggedRelease(tag, 2);
     UNLOCK;
 }
 
-void _IOMemoryMap::free()
+void IOMemoryMap::free()
 {
     unmap();
 
-    if( memory) {
+    if (fMemory)
+    {
         LOCK;
-       memory->removeMapping( this);
+       fMemory->removeMapping(this);
        UNLOCK;
-       memory->release();
+       fMemory->release();
     }
 
-    if (owner && (owner != memory))
+    if (fOwner && (fOwner != fMemory))
     {
         LOCK;
-       owner->removeMapping(this);
+       fOwner->removeMapping(this);
        UNLOCK;
     }
 
-    if( superMap)
-       superMap->release();
+    if (fSuperMap)
+       fSuperMap->release();
 
-    if (redirUPL) {
-       upl_commit(redirUPL, NULL, 0);
-       upl_deallocate(redirUPL);
+    if (fRedirUPL) {
+       upl_commit(fRedirUPL, NULL, 0);
+       upl_deallocate(fRedirUPL);
     }
 
     super::free();
 }
 
-IOByteCount _IOMemoryMap::getLength()
+IOByteCount IOMemoryMap::getLength()
+{
+    return( fLength );
+}
+
+IOVirtualAddress IOMemoryMap::getVirtualAddress()
+{
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (fSuperMap)
+       fSuperMap->getVirtualAddress();
+    else if (fAddressMap 
+               && vm_map_is_64bit(fAddressMap)
+               && (sizeof(IOVirtualAddress) < 8))
+    {
+       OSReportWithBacktrace("IOMemoryMap::getVirtualAddress(0x%qx) called on 64b map; use ::getAddress()", fAddress);
+    }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+    return (fAddress);
+}
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
+mach_vm_address_t      IOMemoryMap::getAddress()
 {
-    return( length );
+    return( fAddress);
 }
 
-IOVirtualAddress _IOMemoryMap::getVirtualAddress()
+mach_vm_size_t         IOMemoryMap::getSize()
 {
-    return( logical);
+    return( fLength );
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
 
-task_t _IOMemoryMap::getAddressTask()
+task_t IOMemoryMap::getAddressTask()
 {
-    if( superMap)
-       return( superMap->getAddressTask());
+    if( fSuperMap)
+       return( fSuperMap->getAddressTask());
     else
-        return( addressTask);
+        return( fAddressTask);
 }
 
-IOOptionBits _IOMemoryMap::getMapOptions()
+IOOptionBits IOMemoryMap::getMapOptions()
 {
-    return( options);
+    return( fOptions);
 }
 
-IOMemoryDescriptor * _IOMemoryMap::getMemoryDescriptor()
+IOMemoryDescriptor * IOMemoryMap::getMemoryDescriptor()
 {
-    return( memory );
+    return( fMemory );
 }
 
-_IOMemoryMap * _IOMemoryMap::copyCompatible(
-               IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
-                task_t                 task,
-                IOVirtualAddress       toAddress,
-                IOOptionBits           _options,
-                IOByteCount            _offset,
-                IOByteCount            _length )
+IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryMap::copyCompatible(
+               IOMemoryMap * newMapping )
 {
-    _IOMemoryMap * mapping;
+    task_t             task      = newMapping->getAddressTask();
+    mach_vm_address_t  toAddress = newMapping->fAddress;
+    IOOptionBits       _options  = newMapping->fOptions;
+    mach_vm_size_t     _offset   = newMapping->fOffset;
+    mach_vm_size_t     _length   = newMapping->fLength;
 
-    if( (!task) || (!addressMap) || (addressMap != get_task_map(task)))
-       return( 0 );
-    if( options & kIOMapUnique)
+    if( (!task) || (!fAddressMap) || (fAddressMap != get_task_map(task)))
        return( 0 );
-    if( (options ^ _options) & kIOMapReadOnly)
+    if( (fOptions ^ _options) & kIOMapReadOnly)
        return( 0 );
     if( (kIOMapDefaultCache != (_options & kIOMapCacheMask)) 
-     && ((options ^ _options) & kIOMapCacheMask))
+     && ((fOptions ^ _options) & kIOMapCacheMask))
        return( 0 );
 
-    if( (0 == (_options & kIOMapAnywhere)) && (logical != toAddress))
+    if( (0 == (_options & kIOMapAnywhere)) && (fAddress != toAddress))
        return( 0 );
 
-    if( _offset < offset)
+    if( _offset < fOffset)
        return( 0 );
 
-    _offset -= offset;
+    _offset -= fOffset;
 
-    if( (_offset + _length) > length)
+    if( (_offset + _length) > fLength)
        return( 0 );
 
-    if( (length == _length) && (!_offset)) {
-        retain();
-       mapping = this;
-
-    } else {
-        mapping = new _IOMemoryMap;
-        if( mapping
-        && !mapping->initCompatible( owner, this, _offset, _length )) {
-            mapping->release();
-            mapping = 0;
-        }
+    retain();
+    if( (fLength == _length) && (!_offset))
+    {
+       newMapping->release();
+       newMapping = this;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       newMapping->fSuperMap = this;
+       newMapping->fOffset   = _offset;
+       newMapping->fAddress  = fAddress + _offset;
     }
 
-    return( mapping );
+    return( newMapping );
 }
 
 IOPhysicalAddress 
-_IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount _offset, IOPhysicalLength * _length)
+#ifdef __LP64__
+IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount _offset, IOPhysicalLength * _length, IOOptionBits _options)
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount _offset, IOPhysicalLength * _length)
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 {
     IOPhysicalAddress  address;
 
     LOCK;
-    address = memory->getPhysicalSegment( offset + _offset, _length );
+#ifdef __LP64__
+    address = fMemory->getPhysicalSegment( fOffset + _offset, _length, _options );
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+    address = fMemory->getPhysicalSegment( fOffset + _offset, _length );
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
     UNLOCK;
 
     return( address );
@@ -2940,19 +3320,6 @@ void IOMemoryDescriptor::initialize( void )
 
     IORegistryEntry::getRegistryRoot()->setProperty(kIOMaximumMappedIOByteCountKey,
                                                    ptoa_64(gIOMaximumMappedIOPageCount), 64);
-    if (!gIOCopyMapper)
-    {
-       IOMapper *
-       mapper = new IOCopyMapper;
-       if (mapper)
-       {
-           if (mapper->init() && mapper->start(NULL))
-               gIOCopyMapper = (IOCopyMapper *) mapper;
-           else
-               mapper->release();
-       }
-    }
-
     gIOLastPage = IOGetLastPageNumber();
 }
 
@@ -2969,99 +3336,136 @@ IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::setMapping(
        IOVirtualAddress        mapAddress,
        IOOptionBits            options )
 {
-    _IOMemoryMap *             newMap;
-
-    newMap = new _IOMemoryMap;
-
-    LOCK;
-
-    if( newMap
-     && !newMap->initWithDescriptor( this, intoTask, mapAddress,
-                    options | kIOMapStatic, 0, getLength() )) {
-       newMap->release();
-       newMap = 0;
-    }
-
-    addMapping( newMap);
-
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( newMap);
+    return (createMappingInTask( intoTask, mapAddress,
+                                   options | kIOMapStatic,
+                                   0, getLength() ));
 }
 
 IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::map( 
        IOOptionBits            options )
 {
-
-    return( makeMapping( this, kernel_task, 0,
-                       options | kIOMapAnywhere,
-                       0, getLength() ));
+    return (createMappingInTask( kernel_task, 0,
+                               options | kIOMapAnywhere,
+                               0, getLength() ));
 }
 
-IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::map(
-       task_t                  intoTask,
-       IOVirtualAddress        toAddress,
+#ifndef __LP64__
+IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::map( 
+       task_t                  intoTask,
+       IOVirtualAddress        atAddress,
        IOOptionBits            options,
        IOByteCount             offset,
        IOByteCount             length )
 {
-    if( 0 == length)
+    if ((!(kIOMapAnywhere & options)) && vm_map_is_64bit(get_task_map(intoTask)))
+    {
+       OSReportWithBacktrace("IOMemoryDescriptor::map() in 64b task, use ::createMappingInTask()");
+       return (0);
+    }
+
+    return (createMappingInTask(intoTask, atAddress,
+                               options, offset, length));
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::createMappingInTask(
+       task_t                  intoTask,
+       mach_vm_address_t       atAddress,
+       IOOptionBits            options,
+       mach_vm_size_t          offset,
+       mach_vm_size_t          length)
+{
+    IOMemoryMap * result;
+    IOMemoryMap * mapping;
+
+    if (0 == length)
        length = getLength();
 
-    return( makeMapping( this, intoTask, toAddress, options, offset, length ));
+    mapping = new IOMemoryMap;
+
+    if( mapping
+     && !mapping->init( intoTask, atAddress,
+                       options, offset, length )) {
+       mapping->release();
+       mapping = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (mapping)
+       result = makeMapping(this, intoTask, (IOVirtualAddress) mapping, options | kIOMap64Bit, 0, 0);
+    else
+       result = 0;
+
+#if DEBUG
+    if (!result)
+       IOLog("createMappingInTask failed desc %p, addr %qx, options %lx, offset %qx, length %qx\n",
+                   this, atAddress, options, offset, length);
+#endif
+
+    return (result);
 }
 
-IOReturn _IOMemoryMap::redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
+#ifndef __LP64__ // there is only a 64 bit version for LP64
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
                                IOOptionBits         options,
                                IOByteCount          offset)
+{
+    return (redirect(newBackingMemory, options, (mach_vm_size_t)offset));
+}
+#endif
+
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
+                               IOOptionBits         options,
+                               mach_vm_size_t       offset)
 {
     IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
     IOMemoryDescriptor * physMem = 0;
 
     LOCK;
 
-    if (logical && addressMap) do 
+    if (fAddress && fAddressMap) do 
     {
-       if (((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
-           || ((memory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
+       if (((fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
+           || ((fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
        {
-           physMem = memory;
+           physMem = fMemory;
            physMem->retain();
        }
 
-       if (!redirUPL)
+       if (!fRedirUPL)
        {
-           vm_size_t size = length;
+           vm_size_t size = round_page(fLength);
            int flags = UPL_COPYOUT_FROM | UPL_SET_INTERNAL 
                        | UPL_SET_LITE | UPL_SET_IO_WIRE | UPL_BLOCK_ACCESS;
-           if (KERN_SUCCESS != memory_object_iopl_request((ipc_port_t) memory->_memEntry, 0, &size, &redirUPL,
+           if (KERN_SUCCESS != memory_object_iopl_request((ipc_port_t) fMemory->_memEntry, 0, &size, &fRedirUPL,
                                            NULL, NULL,
                                            &flags))
-               redirUPL = 0;
+               fRedirUPL = 0;
 
            if (physMem)
            {
-               IOUnmapPages( addressMap, logical, length );
-               physMem->redirect(0, true);
+               IOUnmapPages( fAddressMap, fAddress, fLength );
+               if (false)
+                   physMem->redirect(0, true);
            }
        }
 
        if (newBackingMemory)
        {
-           if (newBackingMemory != memory)
+           if (newBackingMemory != fMemory)
            {
-               if (this != newBackingMemory->makeMapping(newBackingMemory, addressTask, (IOVirtualAddress) this, 
-                                                           options | kIOMapUnique | kIOMapReference,
-                                                           offset, length))
+               fOffset = 0;
+               if (this != newBackingMemory->makeMapping(newBackingMemory, fAddressTask, (IOVirtualAddress) this, 
+                                                           options | kIOMapUnique | kIOMapReference | kIOMap64Bit,
+                                                           offset, fLength))
                    err = kIOReturnError;
            }
-           if (redirUPL)
+           if (fRedirUPL)
            {
-               upl_commit(redirUPL, NULL, 0);
-               upl_deallocate(redirUPL);
-               redirUPL = 0;
+               upl_commit(fRedirUPL, NULL, 0);
+               upl_deallocate(fRedirUPL);
+               fRedirUPL = 0;
            }
-           if (physMem)
+           if (false && physMem)
                physMem->redirect(0, false);
        }
     }
@@ -3077,141 +3481,115 @@ IOReturn _IOMemoryMap::redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
 
 IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::makeMapping(
        IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
-       task_t                  intoTask,
-       IOVirtualAddress        toAddress,
+       task_t                  __intoTask,
+       IOVirtualAddress        __address,
        IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             offset,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+       IOByteCount             __offset,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
 {
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (!(kIOMap64Bit & options)) panic("IOMemoryDescriptor::makeMapping !64bit");
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
     IOMemoryDescriptor * mapDesc = 0;
-    _IOMemoryMap *     mapping = 0;
-    OSIterator *       iter;
+    IOMemoryMap *       result = 0;
+    OSIterator *        iter;
+
+    IOMemoryMap *  mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) __address;
+    mach_vm_size_t offset  = mapping->fOffset + __offset;
+    mach_vm_size_t length  = mapping->fLength;
+
+    mapping->fOffset = offset;
 
     LOCK;
 
     do
     {
+       if (kIOMapStatic & options)
+       {
+           result = mapping;
+           addMapping(mapping);
+           mapping->setMemoryDescriptor(this, 0);
+           continue;
+       }
+
        if (kIOMapUnique & options)
        {
            IOPhysicalAddress phys;
            IOByteCount       physLen;
 
-           if (owner != this)
-               continue;
+//         if (owner != this)          continue;
 
            if (((_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
                || ((_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
            {
-               phys = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &physLen);
+               phys = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &physLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
                if (!phys || (physLen < length))
                    continue;
     
-               mapDesc = IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
-                               phys, length, _direction);
+               mapDesc = IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(
+                               phys, length, getDirection() | kIOMemoryMapperNone, NULL);
                if (!mapDesc)
                    continue;
                offset = 0;
-           }
-           else
-           {
-               mapDesc = this;
-               mapDesc->retain();
-           }
-
-           if (kIOMapReference & options)
-           {
-               mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) toAddress;
-               mapping->retain();
-
-#if 1
-               uint32_t pageOffset1 = mapDesc->getSourceSegment( offset, NULL );
-               pageOffset1 -= trunc_page_32( pageOffset1 );
-
-               uint32_t pageOffset2 = mapping->getVirtualAddress();
-               pageOffset2 -= trunc_page_32( pageOffset2 );
-               
-               if (pageOffset1 != pageOffset2)
-                   IOLog("::redirect can't map offset %x to addr %x\n", 
-                           pageOffset1, mapping->getVirtualAddress());
-#endif
-
-
-               if (!mapping->initWithDescriptor( mapDesc, intoTask, toAddress, options,
-                                                   offset, length ))
-               {
-#ifdef DEBUG
-                   IOLog("Didn't redirect map %08lx : %08lx\n", offset, length );
-#endif
-               }
-
-               if (mapping->owner)
-                   mapping->owner->removeMapping(mapping);
-               continue;
+               mapping->fOffset = offset;
            }
        }
        else
        {
-           // look for an existing mapping
-           if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection( _mappings))) {
-    
-               while( (mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject())) {
-    
-                   if( (mapping = mapping->copyCompatible( 
-                                           owner, intoTask, toAddress,
-                                           options | kIOMapReference,
-                                           offset, length )))
+           // look for a compatible existing mapping
+           if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(_mappings)))
+           {
+               IOMemoryMap * lookMapping;
+               while ((lookMapping = (IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject()))
+               {
+                   if ((result = lookMapping->copyCompatible(mapping)))
+                   {
+                       addMapping(result);
+                       result->setMemoryDescriptor(this, offset);
                        break;
+                   }
                }
                iter->release();
            }
-
-
-       if (mapping)
-           mapping->retain();
-
-           if( mapping || (options & kIOMapReference))
+           if (result || (options & kIOMapReference))
                continue;
+       }
 
-           mapDesc = owner;
+       if (!mapDesc)
+       {
+           mapDesc = this;
            mapDesc->retain();
        }
-       owner = this;
-
-        mapping = new _IOMemoryMap;
-       if( mapping
-       && !mapping->initWithDescriptor( mapDesc, intoTask, toAddress, options,
-                          offset, length )) {
-#ifdef DEBUG
-           IOLog("Didn't make map %08lx : %08lx\n", offset, length );
-#endif
+       IOReturn
+       kr = mapDesc->doMap( 0, (IOVirtualAddress *) &mapping, options, 0, 0 );
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess == kr)
+       {
+           result = mapping;
+           mapDesc->addMapping(result);
+           result->setMemoryDescriptor(mapDesc, offset);
+       }
+       else
+       {
            mapping->release();
-            mapping = 0;
+           mapping = NULL;
        }
-
-       if (mapping)
-           mapping->retain();
-
-    } while( false );
-
-    if (mapping)
-    {
-       mapping->owner = owner;
-       owner->addMapping( mapping);
-       mapping->release();
     }
+    while( false );
 
     UNLOCK;
 
     if (mapDesc)
        mapDesc->release();
 
-    return( mapping);
+    return (result);
 }
 
 void IOMemoryDescriptor::addMapping(
        IOMemoryMap * mapping )
 {
-    if( mapping) {
+    if( mapping)
+    {
         if( 0 == _mappings)
             _mappings = OSSet::withCapacity(1);
        if( _mappings )
@@ -3226,313 +3604,11 @@ void IOMemoryDescriptor::removeMapping(
         _mappings->removeObject( mapping);
 }
 
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-#undef super
-#define super IOMemoryDescriptor
-
-OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(IOSubMemoryDescriptor, IOMemoryDescriptor)
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-bool IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initSubRange( IOMemoryDescriptor * parent,
-                                       IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount length,
-                                       IODirection direction )
-{
-    if( !parent)
-       return( false);
-
-    if( (offset + length) > parent->getLength())
-       return( false);
-
-    /*
-     * We can check the _parent instance variable before having ever set it
-     * to an initial value because I/O Kit guarantees that all our instance
-     * variables are zeroed on an object's allocation.
-     */
-
-    if( !_parent) {
-       if( !super::init())
-           return( false );
-    } else {
-       /*
-        * An existing memory descriptor is being retargeted to
-        * point to somewhere else.  Clean up our present state.
-        */
-
-       _parent->release();
-       _parent = 0;
-    }
-
-    parent->retain();
-    _parent    = parent;
-    _start     = offset;
-    _length    = length;
-    _direction  = direction;
-    _tag       = parent->getTag();
-
-    return( true );
-}
-
-void IOSubMemoryDescriptor::free( void )
-{
-    if( _parent)
-       _parent->release();
-
-    super::free();
-}
-
-
-IOReturn
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *vData, UInt dataSize) const
-{
-    IOReturn rtn;
-
-    if (kIOMDGetCharacteristics == op) {
-
-       rtn = _parent->dmaCommandOperation(op, vData, dataSize);
-       if (kIOReturnSuccess == rtn) {
-           IOMDDMACharacteristics *data = (IOMDDMACharacteristics *) vData;
-           data->fLength = _length;
-           data->fSGCount = 0; // XXX gvdl: need to compute and pages
-           data->fPages = 0;
-           data->fPageAlign = 0;
-       }
-
-       return rtn;
-    }
-    else if (kIOMDWalkSegments & op) {
-       if (dataSize < sizeof(IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs))
-           return kIOReturnUnderrun;
-
-       IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *data =
-           reinterpret_cast<IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *>(vData);
-       UInt offset = data->fOffset;
-       UInt remain = _length - offset;
-       if ((int) remain <= 0)
-           return (!remain)? kIOReturnOverrun : kIOReturnInternalError;
-
-       data->fOffset = offset + _start;
-       rtn = _parent->dmaCommandOperation(op, vData, dataSize);
-       if (data->fLength > remain)
-           data->fLength = remain;
-       data->fOffset  = offset;
-
-       return rtn;
-    }
-    else
-       return kIOReturnBadArgument;
-}
-
-addr64_t
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment64(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount * length)
-{
-    addr64_t   address;
-    IOByteCount        actualLength;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( length)
-        *length = 0;
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
-
-    address = _parent->getPhysicalSegment64( offset + _start, &actualLength );
-
-    if( address && length)
-       *length = min( _length - offset, actualLength );
-
-    return( address );
-}
-
-IOPhysicalAddress
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount * length )
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress  address;
-    IOByteCount                actualLength;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( length)
-        *length = 0;
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
-
-    address = _parent->getPhysicalSegment( offset + _start, &actualLength );
-
-    if( address && length)
-       *length = min( _length - offset, actualLength );
-
-    return( address );
-}
-
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
-       vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress *      atAddress,
-       IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             sourceOffset,
-       IOByteCount             length )
-{
-    if( sourceOffset >= _length)
-        return( kIOReturnOverrun );
-    return (_parent->doMap(addressMap, atAddress, options, sourceOffset + _start, length));
-}
-
-IOPhysicalAddress 
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount * length )
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress  address;
-    IOByteCount                actualLength;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( length)
-        *length = 0;
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
-
-    address = _parent->getSourceSegment( offset + _start, &actualLength );
-
-    if( address && length)
-       *length = min( _length - offset, actualLength );
-
-    return( address );
-}
-
-void * IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-                                       IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
-{
-    return( 0 );
-}
-
-IOByteCount IOSubMemoryDescriptor::readBytes(IOByteCount offset,
-                                       void * bytes, IOByteCount length)
-{
-    IOByteCount        byteCount;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
-
-    LOCK;
-    byteCount = _parent->readBytes( _start + offset, bytes,
-                               min(length, _length - offset) );
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( byteCount );
-}
-
-IOByteCount IOSubMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes(IOByteCount offset,
-                               const void* bytes, IOByteCount length)
-{
-    IOByteCount        byteCount;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
-
-    LOCK;
-    byteCount = _parent->writeBytes( _start + offset, bytes,
-                               min(length, _length - offset) );
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( byteCount );
-}
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::setPurgeable( IOOptionBits newState,
-                                    IOOptionBits * oldState )
-{
-    IOReturn err;
-
-    LOCK;
-    err = _parent->setPurgeable( newState, oldState );
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::performOperation( IOOptionBits options,
-                                        IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount length )
-{
-    IOReturn err;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( kIOReturnOverrun );
-
-    LOCK;
-    err = _parent->performOperation( options, _start + offset,
-                                      min(length, _length - offset) );
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::prepare(
-               IODirection forDirection)
-{
-    IOReturn   err;
-
-    LOCK;
-    err = _parent->prepare( forDirection);
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::complete(
-               IODirection forDirection)
-{
-    IOReturn   err;
-
-    LOCK;
-    err = _parent->complete( forDirection);
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( err );
-}
-
-IOMemoryMap * IOSubMemoryDescriptor::makeMapping(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
-       task_t                  intoTask,
-       IOVirtualAddress        toAddress,
-       IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             offset,
-       IOByteCount             length )
-{
-    IOMemoryMap * mapping = 0;
-
-    if (!(kIOMapUnique & options))
-       mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) _parent->makeMapping(
-                                       _parent, intoTask,
-                                       toAddress - (_start + offset),
-                                       options | kIOMapReference,
-                                       _start + offset, length );
-
-    if( !mapping)
-        mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) _parent->makeMapping(
-                                       _parent, intoTask,
-                                       toAddress,
-                                       options, _start + offset, length );
-
-    if( !mapping)
-       mapping = super::makeMapping( owner, intoTask, toAddress, options,
-                                       offset, length );
-
-    return( mapping );
-}
-
-/* ick */
-
+#ifndef __LP64__
+// obsolete initializers
+// - initWithOptions is the designated initializer 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(void *      address,
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(void *      address,
                                     IOByteCount   length,
                                     IODirection direction)
 {
@@ -3540,7 +3616,7 @@ IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(void *      address,
 }
 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(vm_address_t address,
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(IOVirtualAddress address,
                                     IOByteCount    length,
                                     IODirection  direction,
                                     task_t       task)
@@ -3549,7 +3625,7 @@ IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(vm_address_t address,
 }
 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalAddress(
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalAddress(
                                 IOPhysicalAddress      address,
                                 IOByteCount            length,
                                 IODirection            direction )
@@ -3558,7 +3634,7 @@ IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalAddress(
 }
 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
                                        IOVirtualRange * ranges,
                                        UInt32           withCount,
                                        IODirection      direction,
@@ -3569,7 +3645,7 @@ IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
 }
 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges( IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(    IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
                                                UInt32           withCount,
                                                IODirection      direction,
                                                bool             asReference)
@@ -3577,6 +3653,13 @@ IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(   IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
     return( false );
 }
 
+void * IOMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
+                                       IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    return( 0 );
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
 bool IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::serialize(OSSerialize * s) const
@@ -3671,67 +3754,30 @@ bool IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::serialize(OSSerialize * s) const
     if (keys[1])
       keys[1]->release();
     if (vcopy)
-        IOFree(vcopy, sizeof(IOVirtualRange) * nRanges);
+        IOFree(vcopy, sizeof(SerData) * nRanges);
     return result;
 }
 
-bool IOSubMemoryDescriptor::serialize(OSSerialize * s) const
-{
-    if (!s) {
-       return (false);
-    }
-    if (s->previouslySerialized(this)) return true;
-
-    // Pretend we are a dictionary.
-    // We must duplicate the functionality of OSDictionary here
-    // because otherwise object references will not work;
-    // they are based on the value of the object passed to
-    // previouslySerialized and addXMLStartTag.
-
-    if (!s->addXMLStartTag(this, "dict")) return false;
-
-    char const *keys[3] = {"offset", "length", "parent"};
-
-    OSObject *values[3];
-    values[0] = OSNumber::withNumber(_start, sizeof(_start) * 8);
-    if (values[0] == 0)
-       return false;
-    values[1] = OSNumber::withNumber(_length, sizeof(_length) * 8);
-    if (values[1] == 0) {
-       values[0]->release();
-       return false;
-    }
-    values[2] = _parent;
-
-    bool result = true;
-    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
-        if (!s->addString("<key>") ||
-           !s->addString(keys[i]) ||
-           !s->addXMLEndTag("key") ||
-           !values[i]->serialize(s)) {
-         result = false;
-         break;
-        }
-    }
-    values[0]->release();
-    values[1]->release();
-    if (!result) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    return s->addXMLEndTag("dict");
-}
-
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 0);
+#ifdef __LP64__
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 1);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 2);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 3);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 4);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 5);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 6);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 7);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 1);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 2);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 3);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 4);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 5);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 6);
-OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 7);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 6);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 7);
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 8);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 9);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 10);