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[apple/xnu.git] / iokit / Kernel / IOMemoryDescriptor.cpp
index 007b22d2fa67d9c22720dc107d0344ea2ee64051..bd3c671767f1ded4a14079781f6ad4a5362c8930 100644 (file)
@@ -1,23 +1,29 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
- * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
+ * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
  * 
- * The contents of this file constitute Original Code as defined in and
- * are subject to the Apple Public Source License Version 1.1 (the
- * "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance with the
- * License.  Please obtain a copy of the License at
- * http://www.apple.com/publicsource and read it before using this file.
+ * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
+ * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
+ * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
+ * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
+ * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
+ * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
+ * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
  * 
- * This Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
- * distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
+ * Please obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
+ * 
+ * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
+ * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
  * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.  Please see the
- * License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
- * under the License.
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
+ * limitations under the License.
  * 
- * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
+ * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
  */
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 1998 Apple Computer, Inc.  All rights reserved. 
  *
  */
 
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
 #include <IOKit/assert.h>
 #include <IOKit/system.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOLib.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOMemoryDescriptor.h>
+#include <IOKit/IOMapper.h>
+#include <IOKit/IOKitKeysPrivate.h>
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
+#include <IOKit/IOSubMemoryDescriptor.h>
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 #include <IOKit/IOKitDebug.h>
+#include <libkern/OSDebug.h>
+
+#include "IOKitKernelInternal.h"
 
 #include <libkern/c++/OSContainers.h>
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <libkern/c++/OSDictionary.h>
+#include <libkern/c++/OSArray.h>
+#include <libkern/c++/OSSymbol.h>
+#include <libkern/c++/OSNumber.h>
+
+#include <sys/uio.h>
 
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 #include <vm/pmap.h>
+#include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
+#include <mach/memory_object_types.h>
 #include <device/device_port.h>
-void bcopy_phys(char *from, char *to, int size);
-void pmap_enter(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_offset_t pa,
-                vm_prot_t prot, boolean_t wired);
+
+#include <mach/vm_prot.h>
+#include <mach/mach_vm.h>
+#include <vm/vm_fault.h>
+#include <vm/vm_protos.h>
+
+extern ppnum_t pmap_find_phys(pmap_t pmap, addr64_t va);
 void ipc_port_release_send(ipc_port_t port);
-vm_offset_t vm_map_get_phys_page(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t offset);
+
+/* Copy between a physical page and a virtual address in the given vm_map */
+kern_return_t copypv(addr64_t source, addr64_t sink, unsigned int size, int which);
 
 memory_object_t
 device_pager_setup(
        memory_object_t pager,
-       int             device_handle,
+       uintptr_t               device_handle,
        vm_size_t       size,
        int             flags);
+void
+device_pager_deallocate(
+        memory_object_t);
 kern_return_t
 device_pager_populate_object(
        memory_object_t         pager,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset,
-       vm_offset_t             phys_addr,
+       ppnum_t                 phys_addr,
        vm_size_t               size);
+kern_return_t
+memory_object_iopl_request(
+       ipc_port_t              port,
+       memory_object_offset_t  offset,
+       vm_size_t               *upl_size,
+       upl_t                   *upl_ptr,
+       upl_page_info_array_t   user_page_list,
+       unsigned int            *page_list_count,
+       int                     *flags);
+
+unsigned int  IOTranslateCacheBits(struct phys_entry *pp);
 
 __END_DECLS
 
+#define kIOMaximumMappedIOByteCount    (512*1024*1024)
+
+static IOMapper * gIOSystemMapper = NULL;
+
+static ppnum_t   gIOMaximumMappedIOPageCount = atop_32(kIOMaximumMappedIOByteCount);
+
+ppnum_t                  gIOLastPage;
+
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-OSDefineMetaClass( IOMemoryDescriptor, OSObject )
-OSDefineAbstractStructors( IOMemoryDescriptor, OSObject )
+OSDefineMetaClassAndAbstractStructors( IOMemoryDescriptor, OSObject )
 
 #define super IOMemoryDescriptor
 
 OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor, IOMemoryDescriptor)
 
-extern "C" {
-
-vm_map_t IOPageableMapForAddress( vm_address_t address );
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-typedef kern_return_t (*IOIteratePageableMapsCallback)(vm_map_t map, void * ref);
+static IORecursiveLock * gIOMemoryLock;
 
-kern_return_t IOIteratePageableMaps(vm_size_t size,
-                    IOIteratePageableMapsCallback callback, void * ref);
+#define LOCK   IORecursiveLockLock( gIOMemoryLock)
+#define UNLOCK IORecursiveLockUnlock( gIOMemoryLock)
+#define SLEEP  IORecursiveLockSleep( gIOMemoryLock, (void *)this, THREAD_UNINT)
+#define WAKEUP \
+    IORecursiveLockWakeup( gIOMemoryLock, (void *)this, /* one-thread */ false)
+
+#if 0
+#define DEBG(fmt, args...)     { kprintf(fmt, ## args); }
+#else
+#define DEBG(fmt, args...)     {}
+#endif
 
-}
+#define IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE   1
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-inline vm_map_t IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getMapForTask( task_t task, vm_address_t address )
-{
-    if( (task == kernel_task) && (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags))
-        return( IOPageableMapForAddress( address ) );
-    else
-        return( get_task_map( task ));
-}
+// Some data structures and accessor macros used by the initWithOptions
+// Function
 
-inline vm_offset_t pmap_extract_safe(task_t task, vm_offset_t va)
+enum ioPLBlockFlags {
+    kIOPLOnDevice  = 0x00000001,
+    kIOPLExternUPL = 0x00000002,
+};
+
+struct typePersMDData
 {
-    vm_offset_t pa = pmap_extract(get_task_pmap(task), va);
+    const IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *fMD;
+    ipc_port_t fMemEntry;
+};
 
-    if ( pa == 0 )
-    {
-        pa = vm_map_get_phys_page(get_task_map(task), trunc_page(va));
-        if ( pa )  pa += va - trunc_page(va);
-    }
+struct ioPLBlock {
+    upl_t fIOPL;
+    vm_address_t fPageInfo;   // Pointer to page list or index into it
+    uint32_t fIOMDOffset;          // The offset of this iopl in descriptor
+    ppnum_t fMappedBase;           // Page number of first page in this iopl
+    unsigned int fPageOffset;      // Offset within first page of iopl
+    unsigned int fFlags;           // Flags
+};
 
-    return pa;
-}
+struct ioGMDData {
+    IOMapper *fMapper;
+    uint64_t fPreparationID;
+    unsigned int fPageCnt;
+#if __LP64__
+    // align arrays to 8 bytes so following macros work
+    unsigned int fPad;
+#endif
+    upl_page_info_t fPageList[];
+    ioPLBlock fBlocks[];
+};
 
-inline void bcopy_phys_safe(char * from, char * to, int size)
-{
-    boolean_t enabled = ml_set_interrupts_enabled(FALSE);
+#define getDataP(osd)  ((ioGMDData *) (osd)->getBytesNoCopy())
+#define getIOPLList(d) ((ioPLBlock *) &(d->fPageList[d->fPageCnt]))
+#define getNumIOPL(osd, d)     \
+    (((osd)->getLength() - ((char *) getIOPLList(d) - (char *) d)) / sizeof(ioPLBlock))
+#define getPageList(d) (&(d->fPageList[0]))
+#define computeDataSize(p, u) \
+    (sizeof(ioGMDData) + p * sizeof(upl_page_info_t) + u * sizeof(ioPLBlock))
 
-    bcopy_phys(from, to, size);
 
-    ml_set_interrupts_enabled(enabled);
-}
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-#define next_page(a) ( trunc_page(a) + page_size )
+#define next_page(a) ( trunc_page(a) + PAGE_SIZE )
 
 
 extern "C" {
 
 kern_return_t device_data_action(
-               int                     device_handle, 
+               uintptr_t               device_handle, 
                ipc_port_t              device_pager,
                vm_prot_t               protection, 
                vm_object_offset_t      offset, 
                vm_size_t               size)
 {
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * memDesc = (IOMemoryDescriptor *) device_handle;
+    struct ExpansionData {
+        void *                         devicePager;
+        unsigned int                   pagerContig:1;
+        unsigned int                   unused:31;
+       IOMemoryDescriptor *            memory;
+    };
+    kern_return_t       kr;
+    ExpansionData *      ref = (ExpansionData *) device_handle;
+    IOMemoryDescriptor * memDesc;
 
-    assert( OSDynamicCast( IOMemoryDescriptor, memDesc ));
+    LOCK;
+    memDesc = ref->memory;
+    if( memDesc)
+    {
+       memDesc->retain();
+       kr = memDesc->handleFault( device_pager, 0, 0,
+                offset, size, kIOMapDefaultCache /*?*/);
+       memDesc->release();
+    }
+    else
+       kr = KERN_ABORTED;
+    UNLOCK;
 
-    return( memDesc->handleFault( device_pager, 0, 0,
-                offset, size, kIOMapDefaultCache /*?*/));
+    return( kr );
 }
 
 kern_return_t device_close(
-               int     device_handle)
+               uintptr_t     device_handle)
 {
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * memDesc = (IOMemoryDescriptor *) device_handle;
+    struct ExpansionData {
+        void *                         devicePager;
+        unsigned int                   pagerContig:1;
+        unsigned int                   unused:31;
+       IOMemoryDescriptor *            memory;
+    };
+    ExpansionData *   ref = (ExpansionData *) device_handle;
 
-    assert( OSDynamicCast( IOMemoryDescriptor, memDesc ));
-
-    memDesc->release();
+    IODelete( ref, ExpansionData, 1 );
 
     return( kIOReturnSuccess );
 }
-
+};     // end extern "C"
+
+// Note this inline function uses C++ reference arguments to return values
+// This means that pointers are not passed and NULLs don't have to be
+// checked for as a NULL reference is illegal.
+static inline void
+getAddrLenForInd(user_addr_t &addr, IOPhysicalLength &len, // Output variables
+     UInt32 type, IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::Ranges r, UInt32 ind)
+{
+    assert(kIOMemoryTypeUIO       == type
+       || kIOMemoryTypeVirtual   == type || kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type
+       || kIOMemoryTypePhysical  == type || kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type);
+    if (kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) {
+       user_size_t us;
+       uio_getiov((uio_t) r.uio, ind, &addr, &us); len = us;
+    }
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    else if ((kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type)) {
+       IOAddressRange cur = r.v64[ind];
+       addr = cur.address;
+       len  = cur.length;
+    }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+    else {
+       IOVirtualRange cur = r.v[ind];
+       addr = cur.address;
+       len  = cur.length;
+    }
 }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-/*
- * withAddress:
- *
- * Create a new IOMemoryDescriptor.  The buffer is a virtual address
- * relative to the specified task.  If no task is supplied, the kernel
- * task is implied.
- */
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(void *      address,
-                                IOByteCount   withLength,
-                                IODirection withDirection)
+                                IOByteCount   length,
+                                IODirection direction)
+{
+    return IOMemoryDescriptor::
+        withAddressRange((IOVirtualAddress) address, length, direction | kIOMemoryAutoPrepare, kernel_task);
+}
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
+IOMemoryDescriptor *
+IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(IOVirtualAddress address,
+                                IOByteCount  length,
+                                IODirection  direction,
+                                task_t       task)
 {
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (that)
     {
-       if (that->initWithAddress(address, withLength, withDirection))
+       if (that->initWithAddress(address, length, direction, task))
            return that;
 
         that->release();
     }
     return 0;
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+IOMemoryDescriptor *
+IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
+                               IOPhysicalAddress       address,
+                               IOByteCount             length,
+                               IODirection             direction )
+{
+#ifdef __LP64__
+    return (IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(address, length, direction, TASK_NULL));
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *self = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
+    if (self
+    && !self->initWithPhysicalAddress(address, length, direction)) {
+        self->release();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return self;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+}
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
-IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress(vm_address_t address,
-                                IOByteCount  withLength,
-                                IODirection  withDirection,
-                                task_t       withTask)
+IOMemoryDescriptor::withRanges(        IOVirtualRange * ranges,
+                               UInt32           withCount,
+                               IODirection      direction,
+                               task_t           task,
+                               bool             asReference)
 {
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (that)
     {
-       if (that->initWithAddress(address, withLength, withDirection, withTask))
+       if (that->initWithRanges(ranges, withCount, direction, task, asReference))
            return that;
 
         that->release();
     }
     return 0;
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
-IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
-                               IOPhysicalAddress       address,
-                               IOByteCount             withLength,
-                               IODirection             withDirection )
+IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(mach_vm_address_t address,
+                                       mach_vm_size_t length,
+                                       IOOptionBits   options,
+                                       task_t         task)
+{
+    IOAddressRange range = { address, length };
+    return (IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRanges(&range, 1, options, task));
+}
+
+IOMemoryDescriptor *
+IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRanges(IOAddressRange *   ranges,
+                                       UInt32           rangeCount,
+                                       IOOptionBits     options,
+                                       task_t           task)
 {
-    return( IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddress( address, withLength,
-                                       withDirection, (task_t) 0  ));
+    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
+    if (that)
+    {
+       if (task)
+           options |= kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64;
+       else
+           options |= kIOMemoryTypePhysical64;
+
+       if (that->initWithOptions(ranges, rangeCount, 0, task, options, /* mapper */ 0))
+           return that;
+
+       that->release();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
 
 /*
- * withRanges:
+ * withOptions:
  *
  * Create a new IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is made up of several
  * virtual address ranges, from a given task.
@@ -208,33 +383,46 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalAddress(
  * Passing the ranges as a reference will avoid an extra allocation.
  */
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
-IOMemoryDescriptor::withRanges(        IOVirtualRange * ranges,
-                               UInt32           withCount,
-                               IODirection      withDirection,
-                               task_t           withTask,
-                               bool             asReference = false)
+IOMemoryDescriptor::withOptions(void *         buffers,
+                                UInt32         count,
+                                UInt32         offset,
+                                task_t         task,
+                                IOOptionBits   opts,
+                                IOMapper *     mapper)
 {
-    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
-    if (that)
-    {
-       if (that->initWithRanges(ranges, withCount, withDirection, withTask, asReference))
-           return that;
+    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *self = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
 
-        that->release();
+    if (self
+    && !self->initWithOptions(buffers, count, offset, task, opts, mapper))
+    {
+        self->release();
+        return 0;
     }
-    return 0;
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+bool IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *                buffers,
+                                         UInt32                count,
+                                         UInt32                offset,
+                                         task_t                task,
+                                         IOOptionBits  options,
+                                         IOMapper *    mapper)
+{
+    return( false );
 }
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
 IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withPhysicalRanges(        IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
                                         UInt32          withCount,
-                                        IODirection     withDirection,
-                                        bool            asReference = false)
+                                        IODirection     direction,
+                                        bool            asReference)
 {
     IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
     if (that)
     {
-       if (that->initWithPhysicalRanges(ranges, withCount, withDirection, asReference))
+       if (that->initWithPhysicalRanges(ranges, withCount, direction, asReference))
            return that;
 
         that->release();
@@ -246,42 +434,112 @@ IOMemoryDescriptor *
 IOMemoryDescriptor::withSubRange(IOMemoryDescriptor *  of,
                                IOByteCount             offset,
                                IOByteCount             length,
-                               IODirection             withDirection)
+                               IODirection             direction)
 {
-    IOSubMemoryDescriptor * that = new IOSubMemoryDescriptor;
+    return (IOSubMemoryDescriptor::withSubRange(of, offset, length, direction | kIOMemoryThreadSafe));
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
-    if (that && !that->initSubRange(of, offset, length, withDirection)) {
-        that->release();
-       that = 0;
+IOMemoryDescriptor *
+IOMemoryDescriptor::withPersistentMemoryDescriptor(IOMemoryDescriptor *originalMD)
+{
+    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *origGenMD = 
+       OSDynamicCast(IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor, originalMD);
+
+    if (origGenMD)
+       return IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::
+           withPersistentMemoryDescriptor(origGenMD);
+    else
+       return 0;
+}
+
+IOMemoryDescriptor *
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::withPersistentMemoryDescriptor(IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *originalMD)
+{
+    ipc_port_t sharedMem = (ipc_port_t) originalMD->createNamedEntry();
+
+    if (!sharedMem)
+       return 0;
+   
+    if (sharedMem == originalMD->_memEntry) {
+       originalMD->retain();               // Add a new reference to ourselves
+       ipc_port_release_send(sharedMem);   // Remove extra send right
+       return originalMD;
+    }
+
+    IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * self = new IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor;
+    typePersMDData initData = { originalMD, sharedMem };
+
+    if (self
+    && !self->initWithOptions(&initData, 1, 0, 0, kIOMemoryTypePersistentMD, 0)) {
+        self->release();
+       self = 0;
     }
-    return that;
+    return self;
 }
 
-/*
- * initWithAddress:
- *
- * Initialize an IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is a virtual address
- * relative to the specified task.  If no task is supplied, the kernel
- * task is implied.
- *
- * An IOMemoryDescriptor can be re-used by calling initWithAddress or
- * initWithRanges again on an existing instance -- note this behavior
- * is not commonly supported in other I/O Kit classes, although it is
- * supported here.
- */
+void *IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::createNamedEntry()
+{
+    kern_return_t error;
+    ipc_port_t sharedMem;
+
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+
+    user_addr_t range0Addr;
+    IOByteCount range0Len;
+    getAddrLenForInd(range0Addr, range0Len, type, _ranges, 0);
+    range0Addr = trunc_page_64(range0Addr);
+
+    vm_size_t size = ptoa_32(_pages);
+    vm_address_t kernelPage = (vm_address_t) range0Addr;
+
+    vm_map_t theMap = ((_task == kernel_task)
+                       && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags)) 
+                   ? IOPageableMapForAddress(kernelPage)
+                   : get_task_map(_task);
+
+    memory_object_size_t  actualSize = size;
+    vm_prot_t             prot       = VM_PROT_READ;
+#if CONFIG_EMBEDDED
+    if (kIODirectionOut != (kIODirectionOutIn & _flags))
+#endif
+       prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
+    if (_memEntry)
+       prot |= MAP_MEM_NAMED_REUSE;
+
+    error = mach_make_memory_entry_64(theMap,
+           &actualSize, range0Addr, prot, &sharedMem, (ipc_port_t) _memEntry);
+
+    if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
+       if (actualSize == size) {
+           return sharedMem;
+       } else {
+#if IOASSERT
+           IOLog("IOGMD::mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08llx) size (%08llx:%08llx)\n",
+                 (UInt64)range0Addr, (UInt64)actualSize, (UInt64)size);
+#endif    
+           ipc_port_release_send( sharedMem );
+       }
+    }
+
+    return MACH_PORT_NULL;
+}
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
 bool
 IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(void *      address,
                                     IOByteCount   withLength,
                                     IODirection withDirection)
 {
-    _singleRange.v.address = (vm_address_t) address;
+    _singleRange.v.address = (vm_offset_t) address;
     _singleRange.v.length  = withLength;
 
     return initWithRanges(&_singleRange.v, 1, withDirection, kernel_task, true);
 }
 
 bool
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(vm_address_t address,
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(IOVirtualAddress address,
                                     IOByteCount    withLength,
                                     IODirection  withDirection,
                                     task_t       withTask)
@@ -304,29 +562,134 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalAddress(
     return initWithPhysicalRanges( &_singleRange.p, 1, withDirection, true);
 }
 
+bool
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(
+                                IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
+                                UInt32            count,
+                                IODirection       direction,
+                                bool              reference)
+{
+    IOOptionBits mdOpts = direction | kIOMemoryTypePhysical;
+
+    if (reference)
+        mdOpts |= kIOMemoryAsReference;
+
+    return initWithOptions(ranges, count, 0, 0, mdOpts, /* mapper */ 0);
+}
+
+bool
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
+                                   IOVirtualRange * ranges,
+                                   UInt32           count,
+                                   IODirection      direction,
+                                   task_t           task,
+                                   bool             reference)
+{
+    IOOptionBits mdOpts = direction;
+
+    if (reference)
+        mdOpts |= kIOMemoryAsReference;
+
+    if (task) {
+        mdOpts |= kIOMemoryTypeVirtual;
+
+       // Auto-prepare if this is a kernel memory descriptor as very few
+       // clients bother to prepare() kernel memory.
+       // But it was not enforced so what are you going to do?
+        if (task == kernel_task)
+            mdOpts |= kIOMemoryAutoPrepare;
+    }
+    else
+        mdOpts |= kIOMemoryTypePhysical;
+    
+    return initWithOptions(ranges, count, 0, task, mdOpts, /* mapper */ 0);
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
 /*
- * initWithRanges:
+ * initWithOptions:
  *
- * Initialize an IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is made up of several
- * virtual address ranges, from a given task
+ *  IOMemoryDescriptor. The buffer is made up of several virtual address ranges,
+ * from a given task, several physical ranges, an UPL from the ubc
+ * system or a uio (may be 64bit) from the BSD subsystem.
  *
  * Passing the ranges as a reference will avoid an extra allocation.
  *
- * An IOMemoryDescriptor can be re-used by calling initWithAddress or
- * initWithRanges again on an existing instance -- note this behavior
- * is not commonly supported in other I/O Kit classes, although it is
- * supported here.
+ * An IOMemoryDescriptor can be re-used by calling initWithOptions again on an
+ * existing instance -- note this behavior is not commonly supported in other
+ * I/O Kit classes, although it is supported here.
  */
+
 bool
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
-                                   IOVirtualRange * ranges,
-                                   UInt32           withCount,
-                                   IODirection      withDirection,
-                                   task_t           withTask,
-                                   bool             asReference = false)
-{
-    assert(ranges);
-    assert(withCount);
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithOptions(void *      buffers,
+                                           UInt32      count,
+                                           UInt32      offset,
+                                           task_t      task,
+                                           IOOptionBits        options,
+                                           IOMapper *  mapper)
+{
+    IOOptionBits type = options & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+
+    // Grab the original MD's configuation data to initialse the
+    // arguments to this function.
+    if (kIOMemoryTypePersistentMD == type) {
+
+       typePersMDData *initData = (typePersMDData *) buffers;
+       const IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *orig = initData->fMD;
+       ioGMDData *dataP = getDataP(orig->_memoryEntries);
+
+       // Only accept persistent memory descriptors with valid dataP data.
+       assert(orig->_rangesCount == 1);
+       if ( !(orig->_flags & kIOMemoryPersistent) || !dataP)
+           return false;
+
+       _memEntry = initData->fMemEntry;        // Grab the new named entry
+       options = orig->_flags | kIOMemoryAsReference; 
+       _singleRange = orig->_singleRange;      // Initialise our range
+       buffers = &_singleRange;
+       count = 1;
+
+       // Now grab the original task and whatever mapper was previously used
+       task = orig->_task;
+       mapper = dataP->fMapper;
+
+       // We are ready to go through the original initialisation now
+    }
+
+    switch (type) {
+    case kIOMemoryTypeUIO:
+    case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual:
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64:
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+        assert(task);
+        if (!task)
+            return false;
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
+       if (vm_map_is_64bit(get_task_map(task)) 
+           && (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type) 
+           && ((IOVirtualRange *) buffers)->address)
+       {
+           OSReportWithBacktrace("IOMemoryDescriptor: attempt to create 32b virtual in 64b task, use ::withAddressRange()");
+            return false;
+       }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+       break;
+
+    case kIOMemoryTypePhysical:                // Neither Physical nor UPL should have a task
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    case kIOMemoryTypePhysical64:
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+    case kIOMemoryTypeUPL:
+        assert(!task);
+        break;
+    default:
+        return false;  /* bad argument */
+    }
+
+    assert(buffers);
+    assert(count);
 
     /*
      * We can check the _initialized  instance variable before having ever set
@@ -334,75 +697,255 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
      * variables are zeroed on an object's allocation.
      */
 
-    if (_initialized == false)
-    {
-        if (super::init() == false)  return false;
-        _initialized = true;
-    }
-    else
-    {
+    if (_initialized) {
         /*
          * An existing memory descriptor is being retargeted to point to
          * somewhere else.  Clean up our present state.
          */
+       IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+       if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical != type) && (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 != type))
+       {
+           while (_wireCount)
+               complete();
+       }
+        if (_ranges.v && !(kIOMemoryAsReference & _flags))
+       {
+           if (kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type)
+               uio_free((uio_t) _ranges.v);
+#ifndef __LP64__
+           else if ((kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
+               IODelete(_ranges.v64, IOAddressRange, _rangesCount);
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+           else
+               IODelete(_ranges.v, IOVirtualRange, _rangesCount);
+       }
 
-        assert(_wireCount == 0);
-
-        while (_wireCount)
-            complete();
-        if (_kernPtrAligned)
-            unmapFromKernel();
-        if (_ranges.v && _rangesIsAllocated)
-            IODelete(_ranges.v, IOVirtualRange, _rangesCount);
+       if (_memEntry)
+           { ipc_port_release_send((ipc_port_t) _memEntry); _memEntry = 0; }
+       if (_mappings)
+           _mappings->flushCollection();
+    }
+    else {
+        if (!super::init())
+            return false;
+        _initialized = true;
     }
 
-    /*
-     * Initialize the memory descriptor.
-     */
+    // Grab the appropriate mapper
+    if (kIOMemoryMapperNone & options)
+        mapper = 0;    // No Mapper
+    else if (mapper == kIOMapperSystem) {
+        IOMapper::checkForSystemMapper();
+        gIOSystemMapper = mapper = IOMapper::gSystem;
+    }
 
-    _ranges.v              = 0;
-    _rangesCount           = withCount;
-    _rangesIsAllocated     = asReference ? false : true;
-    _direction             = withDirection;
-    _length                = 0;
-    _task                  = withTask;
-    _position              = 0;
-    _positionAtIndex       = 0;
-    _positionAtOffset      = 0;
-    _kernPtrAligned        = 0;
-    _cachedPhysicalAddress = 0;
-    _cachedVirtualAddress  = 0;
-    _flags                = 0;
-
-    if (withTask && (withTask != kernel_task))
-        _flags |= kIOMemoryRequiresWire;
-
-    if (asReference)
-        _ranges.v = ranges;
-    else
+    // Temp binary compatibility for kIOMemoryThreadSafe
+    if (kIOMemoryReserved6156215 & options)
     {
-        _ranges.v = IONew(IOVirtualRange, withCount);
-        if (_ranges.v == 0)  return false;
-        bcopy(/* from */ ranges, _ranges.v, withCount * sizeof(IOVirtualRange));
-    } 
+       options &= ~kIOMemoryReserved6156215;
+       options |= kIOMemoryThreadSafe;
+    }
+    // Remove the dynamic internal use flags from the initial setting
+    options              &= ~(kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly);
+    _flags                = options;
+    _task                  = task;
 
-    for (unsigned index = 0; index < _rangesCount; index++)
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    _direction             = (IODirection) (_flags & kIOMemoryDirectionMask);
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+    __iomd_reservedA = 0;
+    __iomd_reservedB = 0;
+    _highestPage = 0;
+
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & options)
+    {
+       if (!_prepareLock)
+           _prepareLock = IOLockAlloc();
+    }
+    else if (_prepareLock)
     {
-        _length += _ranges.v[index].length;
+       IOLockFree(_prepareLock);
+       _prepareLock = NULL;
     }
+       
+    if (kIOMemoryTypeUPL == type) {
 
-    return true;
-}
+        ioGMDData *dataP;
+        unsigned int dataSize = computeDataSize(/* pages */ 0, /* upls */ 1);
 
-bool
-IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(     IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
-                                               UInt32           withCount,
-                                               IODirection      withDirection,
-                                               bool             asReference = false)
-{
-#warning assuming virtual, physical addresses same size
-    return( initWithRanges( (IOVirtualRange *) ranges,
-                       withCount, withDirection, (task_t) 0, asReference ));
+        if (!_memoryEntries) {
+            _memoryEntries = OSData::withCapacity(dataSize);
+            if (!_memoryEntries)
+                return false;
+        }
+        else if (!_memoryEntries->initWithCapacity(dataSize))
+            return false;
+
+        _memoryEntries->appendBytes(0, sizeof(ioGMDData));
+        dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+        dataP->fMapper = mapper;
+        dataP->fPageCnt = 0;
+
+ //       _wireCount++;        // UPLs start out life wired
+
+        _length    = count;
+        _pages    += atop_32(offset + count + PAGE_MASK) - atop_32(offset);
+
+        ioPLBlock iopl;
+        iopl.fIOPL = (upl_t) buffers;
+        upl_page_info_t *pageList = UPL_GET_INTERNAL_PAGE_LIST(iopl.fIOPL);
+
+       if (upl_get_size(iopl.fIOPL) < (count + offset))
+           panic("short external upl");
+
+        // Set the flag kIOPLOnDevice convieniently equal to 1
+        iopl.fFlags  = pageList->device | kIOPLExternUPL;
+        iopl.fIOMDOffset = 0;
+
+        _highestPage = upl_get_highest_page(iopl.fIOPL);
+
+        if (!pageList->device) {
+            // Pre-compute the offset into the UPL's page list
+            pageList = &pageList[atop_32(offset)];
+            offset &= PAGE_MASK;
+            if (mapper) {
+                iopl.fMappedBase = mapper->iovmAlloc(_pages);
+                mapper->iovmInsert(iopl.fMappedBase, 0, pageList, _pages);
+            }
+           else
+               iopl.fMappedBase = 0;
+        }
+       else
+           iopl.fMappedBase = 0;
+        iopl.fPageInfo = (vm_address_t) pageList;
+        iopl.fPageOffset = offset;
+
+        _memoryEntries->appendBytes(&iopl, sizeof(iopl));
+    }
+    else {
+       // kIOMemoryTypeVirtual  | kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 | kIOMemoryTypeUIO 
+       // kIOMemoryTypePhysical | kIOMemoryTypePhysical64
+       
+       // Initialize the memory descriptor
+       if (options & kIOMemoryAsReference) {
+#ifndef __LP64__
+           _rangesIsAllocated = false;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+           // Hack assignment to get the buffer arg into _ranges.
+           // I'd prefer to do _ranges = (Ranges) buffers, but that doesn't
+           // work, C++ sigh.
+           // This also initialises the uio & physical ranges.
+           _ranges.v = (IOVirtualRange *) buffers;
+       }
+       else {
+#ifndef __LP64__
+           _rangesIsAllocated = true;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+           switch (type)
+           {
+             case kIOMemoryTypeUIO:
+               _ranges.v = (IOVirtualRange *) uio_duplicate((uio_t) buffers);
+               break;
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
+             case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64:
+             case kIOMemoryTypePhysical64:
+               if (count == 1
+                   && (((IOAddressRange *) buffers)->address + ((IOAddressRange *) buffers)->length) <= 0x100000000ULL) {
+                   if (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type)
+                       type = kIOMemoryTypeVirtual;
+                   else
+                       type = kIOMemoryTypePhysical;
+                   _flags = (_flags & ~kIOMemoryTypeMask) | type | kIOMemoryAsReference;
+                   _rangesIsAllocated = false;
+                   _ranges.v = &_singleRange.v;
+                   _singleRange.v.address = ((IOAddressRange *) buffers)->address;
+                   _singleRange.v.length  = ((IOAddressRange *) buffers)->length;
+                   break;
+               }
+               _ranges.v64 = IONew(IOAddressRange, count);
+               if (!_ranges.v64)
+                   return false;
+               bcopy(buffers, _ranges.v, count * sizeof(IOAddressRange));
+               break;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+             case kIOMemoryTypeVirtual:
+             case kIOMemoryTypePhysical:
+               if (count == 1) {
+                   _flags |= kIOMemoryAsReference;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+                   _rangesIsAllocated = false;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+                   _ranges.v = &_singleRange.v;
+               } else {
+                   _ranges.v = IONew(IOVirtualRange, count);
+                   if (!_ranges.v)
+                       return false;
+               }
+               bcopy(buffers, _ranges.v, count * sizeof(IOVirtualRange));
+               break;
+           }
+       } 
+
+       // Find starting address within the vector of ranges
+       Ranges vec = _ranges;
+       UInt32 length = 0;
+       UInt32 pages = 0;
+       for (unsigned ind = 0; ind < count;  ind++) {
+           user_addr_t addr;
+           IOPhysicalLength len;
+
+           // addr & len are returned by this function
+           getAddrLenForInd(addr, len, type, vec, ind);
+           pages += (atop_64(addr + len + PAGE_MASK) - atop_64(addr));
+           len += length;
+           assert(len >= length);      // Check for 32 bit wrap around
+           length = len;
+
+           if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
+           {
+               ppnum_t highPage = atop_64(addr + len - 1);
+               if (highPage > _highestPage)
+                   _highestPage = highPage;
+           }
+       } 
+       _length      = length;
+       _pages       = pages;
+       _rangesCount = count;
+
+        // Auto-prepare memory at creation time.
+        // Implied completion when descriptor is free-ed
+        if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
+            _wireCount++;      // Physical MDs are, by definition, wired
+        else { /* kIOMemoryTypeVirtual | kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 | kIOMemoryTypeUIO */
+            ioGMDData *dataP;
+            unsigned dataSize = computeDataSize(_pages, /* upls */ count * 2);
+
+            if (!_memoryEntries) {
+                _memoryEntries = OSData::withCapacity(dataSize);
+                if (!_memoryEntries)
+                   return false;
+            }
+            else if (!_memoryEntries->initWithCapacity(dataSize))
+                return false;
+    
+            _memoryEntries->appendBytes(0, sizeof(ioGMDData));
+            dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+            dataP->fMapper = mapper;
+            dataP->fPageCnt = _pages;
+
+           if ( (kIOMemoryPersistent & _flags) && !_memEntry)
+               _memEntry = createNamedEntry();
+
+            if ((_flags & kIOMemoryAutoPrepare)
+             && prepare() != kIOReturnSuccess)
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -412,97 +955,62 @@ IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(        IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
  */
 void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::free()
 {
-    while (_wireCount)
-        complete();
-    if (_kernPtrAligned)
-        unmapFromKernel();
-    if (_ranges.v && _rangesIsAllocated)
-        IODelete(_ranges.v, IOVirtualRange, _rangesCount);
-    if( _memEntry)
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+
+    if( reserved)
+    {
+       LOCK;
+       reserved->memory = 0;
+       UNLOCK;
+    }
+
+    if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical != type) && (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 != type))
+    {
+       while (_wireCount)
+           complete();
+    }
+    if (_memoryEntries)
+        _memoryEntries->release();
+
+    if (_ranges.v && !(kIOMemoryAsReference & _flags))
+    {
+       if (kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type)
+           uio_free((uio_t) _ranges.v);
+#ifndef __LP64__
+       else if ((kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
+           IODelete(_ranges.v64, IOAddressRange, _rangesCount);
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+       else
+           IODelete(_ranges.v, IOVirtualRange, _rangesCount);
+
+       _ranges.v = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (reserved && reserved->devicePager)
+       device_pager_deallocate( (memory_object_t) reserved->devicePager );
+
+    // memEntry holds a ref on the device pager which owns reserved
+    // (ExpansionData) so no reserved access after this point
+    if (_memEntry)
         ipc_port_release_send( (ipc_port_t) _memEntry );
+
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockFree(_prepareLock);
+
     super::free();
 }
 
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::unmapFromKernel()
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-/* DEPRECATED */     kern_return_t krtn;
-/* DEPRECATED */     vm_offset_t off;
-/* DEPRECATED */     // Pull the shared pages out of the task map
-/* DEPRECATED */     // Do we need to unwire it first?
-/* DEPRECATED */     for ( off = 0; off < _kernSize; off += page_size )
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */       pmap_change_wiring(
-/* DEPRECATED */                       kernel_pmap,
-/* DEPRECATED */                       _kernPtrAligned + off,
-/* DEPRECATED */                       FALSE);
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */       pmap_remove(
-/* DEPRECATED */                       kernel_pmap,
-/* DEPRECATED */                       _kernPtrAligned + off,
-/* DEPRECATED */                       _kernPtrAligned + off + page_size);
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */     // Free the former shmem area in the task
-/* DEPRECATED */     krtn = vm_deallocate(kernel_map,
-/* DEPRECATED */                       _kernPtrAligned,
-/* DEPRECATED */                       _kernSize );
-/* DEPRECATED */     assert(krtn == KERN_SUCCESS);
-/* DEPRECATED */     _kernPtrAligned = 0;
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::mapIntoKernel(unsigned rangeIndex)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-/* DEPRECATED */     kern_return_t krtn;
-/* DEPRECATED */     vm_offset_t off;
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     if (_kernPtrAligned)
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */         if (_kernPtrAtIndex == rangeIndex)  return;
-/* DEPRECATED */         unmapFromKernel();
-/* DEPRECATED */         assert(_kernPtrAligned == 0);
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */  
-/* DEPRECATED */     vm_offset_t srcAlign = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address);
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     _kernSize = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address +
-/* DEPRECATED */                            _ranges.v[rangeIndex].length  +
-/* DEPRECATED */                            page_size - 1) - srcAlign;
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     /* Find some memory of the same size in kernel task.  We use vm_allocate() */
-/* DEPRECATED */     /* to do this. vm_allocate inserts the found memory object in the */
-/* DEPRECATED */     /* target task's map as a side effect. */
-/* DEPRECATED */     krtn = vm_allocate( kernel_map,
-/* DEPRECATED */           &_kernPtrAligned,
-/* DEPRECATED */           _kernSize,
-/* DEPRECATED */           VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE|VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_IOKIT) );  // Find first fit
-/* DEPRECATED */     assert(krtn == KERN_SUCCESS);
-/* DEPRECATED */     if(krtn)  return;
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     /* For each page in the area allocated from the kernel map, */
-/* DEPRECATED */        /* find the physical address of the page. */
-/* DEPRECATED */        /* Enter the page in the target task's pmap, at the */
-/* DEPRECATED */        /* appropriate target task virtual address. */
-/* DEPRECATED */     for ( off = 0; off < _kernSize; off += page_size )
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */       vm_offset_t kern_phys_addr, phys_addr;
-/* DEPRECATED */       if( _task)
-/* DEPRECATED */           phys_addr = pmap_extract( get_task_pmap(_task), srcAlign + off );
-/* DEPRECATED */       else
-/* DEPRECATED */           phys_addr = srcAlign + off;
-/* DEPRECATED */         assert(phys_addr);
-/* DEPRECATED */       if(phys_addr == 0)  return;
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */       // Check original state.
-/* DEPRECATED */       kern_phys_addr = pmap_extract( kernel_pmap, _kernPtrAligned + off );
-/* DEPRECATED */       // Set virtual page to point to the right physical one
-/* DEPRECATED */       pmap_enter(
-/* DEPRECATED */           kernel_pmap,
-/* DEPRECATED */           _kernPtrAligned + off,
-/* DEPRECATED */           phys_addr,
-/* DEPRECATED */           VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE,
-/* DEPRECATED */           TRUE);
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */     _kernPtrAtIndex = rangeIndex;
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
+#ifndef __LP64__
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::unmapFromKernel()
+{
+    panic("IOGMD::unmapFromKernel deprecated");
+}
+
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::mapIntoKernel(unsigned rangeIndex)
+{
+    panic("IOGMD::mapIntoKernel deprecated");
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
 /*
  * getDirection:
@@ -511,7 +1019,11 @@ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::free()
  */
 IODirection IOMemoryDescriptor::getDirection() const
 {
-    return _direction;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (_direction)
+       return _direction;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+    return (IODirection) (_flags & kIOMemoryDirectionMask);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -524,8 +1036,7 @@ IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::getLength() const
     return _length;
 }
 
-void IOMemoryDescriptor::setTag(
-       IOOptionBits            tag )
+void IOMemoryDescriptor::setTag( IOOptionBits tag )
 {
     _tag = tag;    
 }
@@ -535,489 +1046,1181 @@ IOOptionBits IOMemoryDescriptor::getTag( void )
     return( _tag);
 }
 
-IOPhysicalAddress IOMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount   offset,
-                                                        IOByteCount * length )
+#ifndef __LP64__
+// @@@ gvdl: who is using this API?  Seems like a wierd thing to implement.
+IOPhysicalAddress
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount   offset, IOByteCount * length )
 {
-    IOPhysicalAddress physAddr;
+    addr64_t physAddr = 0;
 
-    prepare();
-    physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( offset, length );
-    complete();
+    if( prepare() == kIOReturnSuccess) {
+        physAddr = getPhysicalSegment64( offset, length );
+        complete();
+    }
 
-    return( physAddr );
+    return( (IOPhysicalAddress) physAddr ); // truncated but only page offset is used
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
-IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::readBytes( IOByteCount offset,
-                                                  void *      bytes,
-                                                  IOByteCount withLength )
+IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::readBytes
+                (IOByteCount offset, void *bytes, IOByteCount length)
 {
-    IOByteCount bytesCopied = 0;
+    addr64_t dstAddr = CAST_DOWN(addr64_t, bytes);
+    IOByteCount remaining;
 
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-    assert(offset <= _length - withLength);
+    // Assert that this entire I/O is withing the available range
+    assert(offset < _length);
+    assert(offset + length <= _length);
+    if (offset >= _length) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-    if ( offset < _length )
-    {
-        withLength = min(withLength, _length - offset);
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       LOCK;
 
-        while ( withLength ) // (process another source segment?)
-        {
-            IOPhysicalAddress sourceSegment;
-            IOByteCount       sourceSegmentLength;
+    remaining = length = min(length, _length - offset);
+    while (remaining) {        // (process another target segment?)
+        addr64_t       srcAddr64;
+        IOByteCount    srcLen;
 
-            sourceSegment = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &sourceSegmentLength);
-            if ( sourceSegment == 0 )  goto readBytesErr;
+        srcAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &srcLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
+        if (!srcAddr64)
+            break;
 
-            sourceSegmentLength = min(sourceSegmentLength, withLength);
+        // Clip segment length to remaining
+        if (srcLen > remaining)
+            srcLen = remaining;
 
-            while ( sourceSegmentLength ) // (process another target segment?)
-            {
-                IOPhysicalAddress targetSegment;
-                IOByteCount       targetSegmentLength;
+        copypv(srcAddr64, dstAddr, srcLen,
+                            cppvPsrc | cppvNoRefSrc | cppvFsnk | cppvKmap);
 
-                targetSegment = pmap_extract_safe(kernel_task, (vm_offset_t) bytes);
-                if ( targetSegment == 0 )  goto readBytesErr;
+        dstAddr   += srcLen;
+        offset    += srcLen;
+        remaining -= srcLen;
+    }
 
-                targetSegmentLength = min(next_page(targetSegment) - targetSegment, sourceSegmentLength);
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       UNLOCK;
 
-                if ( sourceSegment + targetSegmentLength > next_page(sourceSegment) )
-                {
-                    IOByteCount pageLength;
+    assert(!remaining);
 
-                    pageLength = next_page(sourceSegment) - sourceSegment;
+    return length - remaining;
+}
 
-                    bcopy_phys_safe( /* from */ (char *) sourceSegment, 
-                                     /* to   */ (char *) targetSegment,
-                                     /* size */ (int   ) pageLength );
+IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes
+                (IOByteCount offset, const void *bytes, IOByteCount length)
+{
+    addr64_t srcAddr = CAST_DOWN(addr64_t, bytes);
+    IOByteCount remaining;
 
-                    ((UInt8 *) bytes)   += pageLength;
-                    bytesCopied         += pageLength;
-                    offset              += pageLength;
-                    sourceSegment       += pageLength;
-                    sourceSegmentLength -= pageLength;
-                    targetSegment       += pageLength;
-                    targetSegmentLength -= pageLength;
-                    withLength          -= pageLength;
-                }
+    // Assert that this entire I/O is withing the available range
+    assert(offset < _length);
+    assert(offset + length <= _length);
 
-                bcopy_phys_safe( /* from */ (char *) sourceSegment, 
-                                 /* to   */ (char *) targetSegment,
-                                 /* size */ (int   ) targetSegmentLength );
+    assert( !(kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly & _flags) );
 
-                ((UInt8 *) bytes)   += targetSegmentLength;
-                bytesCopied         += targetSegmentLength;
-                offset              += targetSegmentLength;
-                sourceSegment       += targetSegmentLength;
-                sourceSegmentLength -= targetSegmentLength;
-                withLength          -= targetSegmentLength;
-            }
-        }
+    if ( (kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly & _flags) || offset >= _length) {
+        return 0;
     }
 
-readBytesErr:
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       LOCK;
 
-    if ( bytesCopied )
-    {
-        // We mark the destination pages as modified, just
-        // in case they are made pageable later on in life.
+    remaining = length = min(length, _length - offset);
+    while (remaining) {        // (process another target segment?)
+        addr64_t    dstAddr64;
+        IOByteCount dstLen;
 
-        pmap_modify_pages( /* pmap  */ kernel_pmap,       
-                           /* start */ trunc_page(((vm_offset_t) bytes) - bytesCopied),
-                           /* end   */ round_page(((vm_offset_t) bytes)) );
-    }
+        dstAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &dstLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
+        if (!dstAddr64)
+            break;
 
-    return bytesCopied;
-}
+        // Clip segment length to remaining
+        if (dstLen > remaining)
+            dstLen = remaining;
 
-IOByteCount IOMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes( IOByteCount  offset,
-                                                   const void * bytes,
-                                                   IOByteCount  withLength )
-{
-    IOByteCount bytesCopied = 0;
+        copypv(srcAddr, (addr64_t) dstAddr64, dstLen,
+                            cppvPsnk | cppvFsnk | cppvNoRefSrc | cppvNoModSnk | cppvKmap);
 
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-    assert(offset <= _length - withLength);
+        srcAddr   += dstLen;
+        offset    += dstLen;
+        remaining -= dstLen;
+    }
 
-    if ( offset < _length )
-    {
-        withLength = min(withLength, _length - offset);
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       UNLOCK;
 
-        while ( withLength ) // (process another target segment?)
-        {
-            IOPhysicalAddress targetSegment;
-            IOByteCount       targetSegmentLength;
+    assert(!remaining);
 
-            targetSegment = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &targetSegmentLength);
-            if ( targetSegment == 0 )  goto writeBytesErr;
+    return length - remaining;
+}
 
-            targetSegmentLength = min(targetSegmentLength, withLength);
+// osfmk/device/iokit_rpc.c
+extern "C" unsigned int IODefaultCacheBits(addr64_t pa);
 
-            while ( targetSegmentLength ) // (process another source segment?)
-            {
-                IOPhysicalAddress sourceSegment;
-                IOByteCount       sourceSegmentLength;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::setPosition(IOByteCount position)
+{
+    panic("IOGMD::setPosition deprecated");
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
-                sourceSegment = pmap_extract_safe(kernel_task, (vm_offset_t) bytes);
-                if ( sourceSegment == 0 )  goto writeBytesErr;
+static volatile SInt64 gIOMDPreparationID __attribute__((aligned(8))) = (1ULL << 32);
 
-                sourceSegmentLength = min(next_page(sourceSegment) - sourceSegment, targetSegmentLength);
+uint64_t
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPreparationID( void )
+{
+    ioGMDData *dataP;
 
-                if ( targetSegment + sourceSegmentLength > next_page(targetSegment) )
-                {
-                    IOByteCount pageLength;
+    if (!_wireCount)
+       return (kIOPreparationIDUnprepared);
 
-                    pageLength = next_page(targetSegment) - targetSegment;
+    if (_flags & (kIOMemoryTypePhysical | kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
+       return (kIOPreparationIDAlwaysPrepared);
 
-                    bcopy_phys_safe( /* from */ (char *) sourceSegment, 
-                                     /* to   */ (char *) targetSegment,
-                                     /* size */ (int   ) pageLength );
+    if (!_memoryEntries || !(dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries)))
+       return (kIOPreparationIDUnprepared);
 
-                    // We flush the data cache in case it is code we've copied,
-                    // such that the instruction cache is in the know about it.
+    if (kIOPreparationIDUnprepared == dataP->fPreparationID)
+    {
+#if defined(__ppc__ )
+       dataP->fPreparationID = gIOMDPreparationID++;
+#else
+       dataP->fPreparationID = OSIncrementAtomic64(&gIOMDPreparationID);
+#endif
+    }
+    return (dataP->fPreparationID);
+}
 
-                    flush_dcache(targetSegment, pageLength, true);
+uint64_t
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getPreparationID( void )
+{
+    return (kIOPreparationIDUnsupported);    
+}
 
-                    ((UInt8 *) bytes)   += pageLength;
-                    bytesCopied         += pageLength;
-                    offset              += pageLength;
-                    sourceSegment       += pageLength;
-                    sourceSegmentLength -= pageLength;
-                    targetSegment       += pageLength;
-                    targetSegmentLength -= pageLength;
-                    withLength          -= pageLength;
-                }
+IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *vData, UInt dataSize) const
+{
+    if (kIOMDGetCharacteristics == op) {
+
+       if (dataSize < sizeof(IOMDDMACharacteristics))
+           return kIOReturnUnderrun;
+
+       IOMDDMACharacteristics *data = (IOMDDMACharacteristics *) vData;
+       data->fLength = _length;
+       data->fSGCount = _rangesCount;
+       data->fPages = _pages;
+       data->fDirection = getDirection();
+       if (!_wireCount)
+           data->fIsPrepared = false;
+       else {
+           data->fIsPrepared = true;
+           data->fHighestPage = _highestPage;
+           if (_memoryEntries) {
+               ioGMDData *gmdData = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+               ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(gmdData);
+               UInt count = getNumIOPL(_memoryEntries, gmdData);
 
-                bcopy_phys_safe( /* from */ (char *) sourceSegment, 
-                                 /* to   */ (char *) targetSegment,
-                                 /* size */ (int   ) sourceSegmentLength );
+               data->fIsMapped = (gmdData->fMapper && _pages && (count > 0)
+                              && ioplList[0].fMappedBase);
+               if (count == 1)
+                   data->fPageAlign = (ioplList[0].fPageOffset & PAGE_MASK) | ~PAGE_MASK;
+           }
+           else
+               data->fIsMapped = false;
+       }
 
-                // We flush the data cache in case it is code we've copied,
-                // such that the instruction cache is in the know about it.
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
+
+#if IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE
+    } else if (kIOMDSetDMAActive == op) {
+       IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * md = const_cast<IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *>(this);
+       OSIncrementAtomic(&md->__iomd_reservedA);
+    } else if (kIOMDSetDMAInactive == op) {
+       IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor * md = const_cast<IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor *>(this);
+       if (md->__iomd_reservedA)
+           OSDecrementAtomic(&md->__iomd_reservedA);
+       else
+           panic("kIOMDSetDMAInactive");
+#endif /* IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE */
+
+    } else if (!(kIOMDWalkSegments & op))
+       return kIOReturnBadArgument;
+
+    // Get the next segment
+    struct InternalState {
+       IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs fIO;
+       UInt fOffset2Index;
+       UInt fIndex;
+       UInt fNextOffset;
+    } *isP;
+
+    // Find the next segment
+    if (dataSize < sizeof(*isP))
+       return kIOReturnUnderrun;
+
+    isP = (InternalState *) vData;
+    UInt offset = isP->fIO.fOffset;
+    bool mapped = isP->fIO.fMapped;
+
+    if (offset >= _length)
+       return (offset == _length)? kIOReturnOverrun : kIOReturnInternalError;
+
+    // Validate the previous offset
+    UInt ind, off2Ind = isP->fOffset2Index;
+    if ((kIOMDFirstSegment != op) 
+       && offset 
+       && (offset == isP->fNextOffset || off2Ind <= offset))
+       ind = isP->fIndex;
+    else
+       ind = off2Ind = 0;      // Start from beginning
 
-                flush_dcache(targetSegment, sourceSegmentLength, true);
+    UInt length;
+    UInt64 address;
+    if ( (_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical) {
 
-                ((UInt8 *) bytes)   += sourceSegmentLength;
-                bytesCopied         += sourceSegmentLength;
-                offset              += sourceSegmentLength;
-                targetSegment       += sourceSegmentLength;
-                targetSegmentLength -= sourceSegmentLength;
-                withLength          -= sourceSegmentLength;
-            }
-        }
+       // Physical address based memory descriptor
+       const IOPhysicalRange *physP = (IOPhysicalRange *) &_ranges.p[0];
+
+       // Find the range after the one that contains the offset
+       mach_vm_size_t len;
+       for (len = 0; off2Ind <= offset; ind++) {
+           len = physP[ind].length;
+           off2Ind += len;
+       }
+
+       // Calculate length within range and starting address
+       length   = off2Ind - offset;
+       address  = physP[ind - 1].address + len - length;
+
+       // see how far we can coalesce ranges
+       while (ind < _rangesCount && address + length == physP[ind].address) {
+           len = physP[ind].length;
+           length += len;
+           off2Ind += len;
+           ind++;
+       }
+
+       // correct contiguous check overshoot
+       ind--;
+       off2Ind -= len;
+    }
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    else if ( (_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64) {
+
+       // Physical address based memory descriptor
+       const IOAddressRange *physP = (IOAddressRange *) &_ranges.v64[0];
+
+       // Find the range after the one that contains the offset
+       mach_vm_size_t len;
+       for (len = 0; off2Ind <= offset; ind++) {
+           len = physP[ind].length;
+           off2Ind += len;
+       }
+
+       // Calculate length within range and starting address
+       length   = off2Ind - offset;
+       address  = physP[ind - 1].address + len - length;
+
+       // see how far we can coalesce ranges
+       while (ind < _rangesCount && address + length == physP[ind].address) {
+           len = physP[ind].length;
+           length += len;
+           off2Ind += len;
+           ind++;
+       }
+
+       // correct contiguous check overshoot
+       ind--;
+       off2Ind -= len;
     }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+    else do {
+       if (!_wireCount)
+           panic("IOGMD: not wired for the IODMACommand");
+
+       assert(_memoryEntries);
+
+       ioGMDData * dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+       const ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(dataP);
+       UInt numIOPLs = getNumIOPL(_memoryEntries, dataP);
+       upl_page_info_t *pageList = getPageList(dataP);
+
+       assert(numIOPLs > 0);
+
+       // Scan through iopl info blocks looking for block containing offset
+       while (ind < numIOPLs && offset >= ioplList[ind].fIOMDOffset)
+           ind++;
+
+       // Go back to actual range as search goes past it
+       ioPLBlock ioplInfo = ioplList[ind - 1];
+       off2Ind = ioplInfo.fIOMDOffset;
+
+       if (ind < numIOPLs)
+           length = ioplList[ind].fIOMDOffset;
+       else
+           length = _length;
+       length -= offset;                       // Remainder within iopl
+
+       // Subtract offset till this iopl in total list
+       offset -= off2Ind;
+
+       // If a mapped address is requested and this is a pre-mapped IOPL
+       // then just need to compute an offset relative to the mapped base.
+       if (mapped && ioplInfo.fMappedBase) {
+           offset += (ioplInfo.fPageOffset & PAGE_MASK);
+           address = ptoa_64(ioplInfo.fMappedBase) + offset;
+           continue;   // Done leave do/while(false) now
+       }
+
+       // The offset is rebased into the current iopl.
+       // Now add the iopl 1st page offset.
+       offset += ioplInfo.fPageOffset;
+
+       // For external UPLs the fPageInfo field points directly to
+       // the upl's upl_page_info_t array.
+       if (ioplInfo.fFlags & kIOPLExternUPL)
+           pageList = (upl_page_info_t *) ioplInfo.fPageInfo;
+       else
+           pageList = &pageList[ioplInfo.fPageInfo];
+
+       // Check for direct device non-paged memory
+       if ( ioplInfo.fFlags & kIOPLOnDevice ) {
+           address = ptoa_64(pageList->phys_addr) + offset;
+           continue;   // Done leave do/while(false) now
+       }
+
+       // Now we need compute the index into the pageList
+       UInt pageInd = atop_32(offset);
+       offset &= PAGE_MASK;
+
+       // Compute the starting address of this segment
+       IOPhysicalAddress pageAddr = pageList[pageInd].phys_addr;
+       if (!pageAddr) {
+           panic("!pageList phys_addr");
+    }
+
+       address = ptoa_64(pageAddr) + offset;
+
+       // length is currently set to the length of the remainider of the iopl.
+       // We need to check that the remainder of the iopl is contiguous.
+       // This is indicated by pageList[ind].phys_addr being sequential.
+       IOByteCount contigLength = PAGE_SIZE - offset;
+       while (contigLength < length
+               && ++pageAddr == pageList[++pageInd].phys_addr)
+       {
+           contigLength += PAGE_SIZE;
+       }
+
+       if (contigLength < length)
+           length = contigLength;
+       
+
+       assert(address);
+       assert(length);
 
-writeBytesErr:
-
-    return bytesCopied;
-}
-
-/* DEPRECATED */ void IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::setPosition(IOByteCount position)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-/* DEPRECATED */     assert(position <= _length);
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     if (position >= _length)
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */         _position         = _length;
-/* DEPRECATED */         _positionAtIndex  = _rangesCount; /* careful: out-of-bounds */
-/* DEPRECATED */         _positionAtOffset = 0;
-/* DEPRECATED */         return;
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     if (position < _position)
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */       _positionAtOffset = position;
-/* DEPRECATED */       _positionAtIndex  = 0;
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */     else
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */       _positionAtOffset += (position - _position);
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */     _position = position;
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     while (_positionAtOffset >= _ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length)
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */         _positionAtOffset -= _ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length;
-/* DEPRECATED */         _positionAtIndex++;
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
-
-IOPhysicalAddress IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount   offset,
-                                                                 IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment )
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress address = 0;
-    IOPhysicalLength  length  = 0;
-
-
-//    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if ( offset < _length ) // (within bounds?)
+    } while (false);
+
+    // Update return values and state
+    isP->fIO.fIOVMAddr = address;
+    isP->fIO.fLength   = length;
+    isP->fIndex        = ind;
+    isP->fOffset2Index = off2Ind;
+    isP->fNextOffset   = isP->fIO.fOffset + length;
+
+    return kIOReturnSuccess;
+}
+
+addr64_t
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment, IOOptionBits options)
+{
+    IOReturn     ret;
+    addr64_t     address = 0;
+    IOByteCount  length  = 0;
+    IOMapper *   mapper  = gIOSystemMapper;
+    IOOptionBits type    = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+
+    if (lengthOfSegment)
+        *lengthOfSegment = 0;
+
+    if (offset >= _length)
+        return 0;
+
+    // IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap() cannot use getPhysicalSegment() to obtain the page offset, since it must
+    // support the unwired memory case in IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor, and hibernate_write_image() cannot use
+    // map()->getVirtualAddress() to obtain the kernel pointer, since it must prevent the memory allocation
+    // due to IOMemoryMap, so _kIOMemorySourceSegment is a necessary evil until all of this gets cleaned up
+
+    if ((options & _kIOMemorySourceSegment) && (kIOMemoryTypeUPL != type))
     {
         unsigned rangesIndex = 0;
+       Ranges vec = _ranges;
+       user_addr_t addr;
+
+       // Find starting address within the vector of ranges
+       for (;;) {
+           getAddrLenForInd(addr, length, type, vec, rangesIndex);
+           if (offset < length)
+               break;
+           offset -= length; // (make offset relative)
+           rangesIndex++;
+       } 
+
+       // Now that we have the starting range,
+       // lets find the last contiguous range
+        addr   += offset;
+        length -= offset;
+
+        for ( ++rangesIndex; rangesIndex < _rangesCount; rangesIndex++ ) {
+           user_addr_t      newAddr;
+           IOPhysicalLength newLen;
+
+           getAddrLenForInd(newAddr, newLen, type, vec, rangesIndex);
+           if (addr + length != newAddr)
+               break;
+           length += newLen;
+       } 
+        if (addr)
+           address = (IOPhysicalAddress) addr; // Truncate address to 32bit
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       IOMDDMAWalkSegmentState _state;
+       IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs * state = (IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *) &_state;
+
+       state->fOffset = offset;
+       state->fLength = _length - offset;
+       state->fMapped = (0 == (options & kIOMemoryMapperNone));
+
+       ret = dmaCommandOperation(kIOMDFirstSegment, _state, sizeof(_state));
+
+       if ((kIOReturnSuccess != ret) && (kIOReturnOverrun != ret))
+               DEBG("getPhysicalSegment dmaCommandOperation(%lx), %p, offset %qx, addr %qx, len %qx\n", 
+                                       ret, this, state->fOffset,
+                                       state->fIOVMAddr, state->fLength);
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess == ret)
+       {
+           address = state->fIOVMAddr;
+           length  = state->fLength;
+       }
 
-        for ( ; offset >= _ranges.v[rangesIndex].length; rangesIndex++ )
-        {
-            offset -= _ranges.v[rangesIndex].length; // (make offset relative)
-        }
+       // dmaCommandOperation() does not distinguish between "mapped" and "unmapped" physical memory, even
+       // with fMapped set correctly, so we must handle the transformation here until this gets cleaned up
+
+       if (mapper && ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type)))
+       {
+           if ((options & kIOMemoryMapperNone) && !(_flags & kIOMemoryMapperNone))
+           {
+               addr64_t    origAddr = address;
+               IOByteCount origLen  = length;
+
+               address = mapper->mapAddr(origAddr);
+               length = page_size - (address & (page_size - 1));
+               while ((length < origLen)
+                   && ((address + length) == mapper->mapAddr(origAddr + length)))
+                   length += page_size;
+               if (length > origLen)
+                   length = origLen;
+           }
+#ifdef __LP64__
+           else if (!(options & kIOMemoryMapperNone) && (_flags & kIOMemoryMapperNone))
+           {
+               panic("getPhysicalSegment not mapped for I/O");
+           }
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+       }
+    }
 
-        if ( _task == 0 ) // (physical memory?)
-        {
-            address = _ranges.v[rangesIndex].address + offset;
-            length  = _ranges.v[rangesIndex].length  - offset;
+    if (!address)
+        length = 0;
 
-            for ( ++rangesIndex; rangesIndex < _rangesCount; rangesIndex++ )
-            {
-                if ( address + length != _ranges.v[rangesIndex].address )  break;
+    if (lengthOfSegment)
+        *lengthOfSegment = length;
 
-                length += _ranges.v[rangesIndex].length; // (coalesce ranges)
-            }
-        }
-        else // (virtual memory?)
-        {
-            vm_address_t addressVirtual = _ranges.v[rangesIndex].address + offset;
+    return (address);
+}
 
-            assert((0 == (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags)) || _wireCount);
+#ifndef __LP64__
+addr64_t
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment, IOOptionBits options)
+{
+    addr64_t address = 0;
 
-            address = pmap_extract_safe(_task, addressVirtual);
-            length  = next_page(addressVirtual) - addressVirtual;
-            length  = min(_ranges.v[rangesIndex].length - offset, length);
-        }
+    if (options & _kIOMemorySourceSegment)
+    {
+        address = getSourceSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    }
+    else if (options & kIOMemoryMapperNone)
+    {
+        address = getPhysicalSegment64(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        address = getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    }
+
+    return (address);
+}
+
+addr64_t
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment64(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    return (getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment, kIOMemoryMapperNone));
+}
+
+IOPhysicalAddress
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    addr64_t    address = 0;
+    IOByteCount length  = 0;
+
+    address = getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment, 0);
+
+    if (lengthOfSegment)
+       length = *lengthOfSegment;
+
+    if ((address + length) > 0x100000000ULL)
+    {
+       panic("getPhysicalSegment() out of 32b range 0x%qx, len 0x%lx, class %s",
+                   address, (long) length, (getMetaClass())->getClassName());
+    }
+
+    return ((IOPhysicalAddress) address);
+}
+
+addr64_t
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment64(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    IOPhysicalAddress phys32;
+    IOByteCount              length;
+    addr64_t         phys64;
+    IOMapper *        mapper = 0;
+
+    phys32 = getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    if (!phys32)
+       return 0;
+
+    if (gIOSystemMapper)
+       mapper = gIOSystemMapper;
+
+    if (mapper)
+    {
+       IOByteCount origLen;
+
+       phys64 = mapper->mapAddr(phys32);
+       origLen = *lengthOfSegment;
+       length = page_size - (phys64 & (page_size - 1));
+       while ((length < origLen)
+           && ((phys64 + length) == mapper->mapAddr(phys32 + length)))
+           length += page_size;
+       if (length > origLen)
+           length = origLen;
+
+       *lengthOfSegment = length;
+    }
+    else
+       phys64 = (addr64_t) phys32;
+
+    return phys64;
+}
+
+IOPhysicalAddress
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    return ((IOPhysicalAddress) getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment, 0));
+}
+
+IOPhysicalAddress
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment(IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount *lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    return ((IOPhysicalAddress) getPhysicalSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment, _kIOMemorySourceSegment));
+}
+
+void * IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
+                                                       IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    if (_task == kernel_task)
+        return (void *) getSourceSegment(offset, lengthOfSegment);
+    else
+        panic("IOGMD::getVirtualSegment deprecated");
 
-        assert(address);
-        if ( address == 0 )  length = 0;
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+IOReturn 
+IOMemoryDescriptor::dmaCommandOperation(DMACommandOps op, void *vData, UInt dataSize) const
+{
+    if (kIOMDGetCharacteristics == op) {
+       if (dataSize < sizeof(IOMDDMACharacteristics))
+           return kIOReturnUnderrun;
+
+       IOMDDMACharacteristics *data = (IOMDDMACharacteristics *) vData;
+       data->fLength = getLength();
+       data->fSGCount = 0;
+       data->fDirection = getDirection();
+       if (IOMapper::gSystem)
+           data->fIsMapped = true;
+       data->fIsPrepared = true;       // Assume prepared - fails safe
+    }
+    else if (kIOMDWalkSegments & op) {
+       if (dataSize < sizeof(IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs))
+           return kIOReturnUnderrun;
+
+       IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *data = (IOMDDMAWalkSegmentArgs *) vData;
+       IOByteCount offset  = (IOByteCount) data->fOffset;
+
+       IOPhysicalLength length;
+       IOMemoryDescriptor *ncmd = const_cast<IOMemoryDescriptor *>(this);
+       if (data->fMapped && IOMapper::gSystem)
+           data->fIOVMAddr = ncmd->getPhysicalSegment(offset, &length);
+       else
+           data->fIOVMAddr = ncmd->getPhysicalSegment(offset, &length, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
+       data->fLength = length;
     }
+    else
+       return kIOReturnBadArgument;
 
-    if ( lengthOfSegment )  *lengthOfSegment = length;
+    return kIOReturnSuccess;
+}
+
+static IOReturn 
+purgeableControlBits(IOOptionBits newState, vm_purgable_t * control, int * state)
+{
+    IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+
+    *control = VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE;
+    switch (newState)
+    {
+       case kIOMemoryPurgeableKeepCurrent:
+           *control = VM_PURGABLE_GET_STATE;
+           break;
 
-    return address;
+       case kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile:
+           *state = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
+           break;
+       case kIOMemoryPurgeableVolatile:
+           *state = VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE;
+           break;
+       case kIOMemoryPurgeableEmpty:
+           *state = VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY;
+           break;
+       default:
+           err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
+           break;
+    }
+    return (err);
 }
 
-IOPhysicalAddress IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount   offset,
-                                                               IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment )
+static IOReturn 
+purgeableStateBits(int * state)
 {
-    IOPhysicalAddress address = 0;
-    IOPhysicalLength  length  = 0;
+    IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-    assert(offset <= _length);
+    switch (*state)
+    {
+       case VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE:
+           *state = kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile;
+           break;
+       case VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE:
+           *state = kIOMemoryPurgeableVolatile;
+           break;
+       case VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY:
+           *state = kIOMemoryPurgeableEmpty;
+           break;
+       default:
+           *state = kIOMemoryPurgeableNonVolatile;
+           err = kIOReturnNotReady;
+           break;
+    }
+    return (err);
+}
 
-    if ( offset < _length ) // (within bounds?)
+IOReturn 
+IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::setPurgeable( IOOptionBits newState,
+                                                  IOOptionBits * oldState )
+{
+    IOReturn     err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    vm_purgable_t control;
+    int           state;
+
+    if (_memEntry)
     {
-        unsigned rangesIndex = 0;
+       err = super::setPurgeable(newState, oldState);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+           LOCK;
+       do
+       {
+           // Find the appropriate vm_map for the given task
+           vm_map_t curMap;
+           if (_task == kernel_task && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags))
+           {
+               err = kIOReturnNotReady;
+               break;
+           }
+           else
+               curMap = get_task_map(_task);
+
+           // can only do one range
+           Ranges vec = _ranges;
+           IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+           user_addr_t addr; 
+           IOByteCount len;
+           getAddrLenForInd(addr, len, type, vec, 0);
+
+           err = purgeableControlBits(newState, &control, &state);
+           if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
+               break;
+           err = mach_vm_purgable_control(curMap, addr, control, &state);
+           if (oldState)
+           {
+               if (kIOReturnSuccess == err)
+               {
+                   err = purgeableStateBits(&state);
+                   *oldState = state;
+               }
+           }
+       }
+       while (false);
+       if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+           UNLOCK;
+    }
+    return (err);
+}
 
-        for ( ; offset >= _ranges.v[rangesIndex].length; rangesIndex++ )
+IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::setPurgeable( IOOptionBits newState,
+                                           IOOptionBits * oldState )
+{
+    IOReturn     err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    vm_purgable_t control;
+    int           state;
+
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       LOCK;
+
+    do 
+    {
+        if (!_memEntry)
         {
-            offset -= _ranges.v[rangesIndex].length; // (make offset relative)
+            err = kIOReturnNotReady;
+            break;
         }
+       err = purgeableControlBits(newState, &control, &state);
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
+           break;
+        err = mach_memory_entry_purgable_control((ipc_port_t) _memEntry, control, &state);
+       if (oldState)
+       {
+           if (kIOReturnSuccess == err)
+           {
+               err = purgeableStateBits(&state);
+               *oldState = state;
+           }
+       }
+    }
+    while (false);
 
-        address = _ranges.v[rangesIndex].address + offset;
-        length  = _ranges.v[rangesIndex].length  - offset;
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       UNLOCK;
 
-        for ( ++rangesIndex; rangesIndex < _rangesCount; rangesIndex++ )
-        {
-            if ( address + length != _ranges.v[rangesIndex].address )  break;
+    return (err);
+}
 
-            length += _ranges.v[rangesIndex].length; // (coalesce ranges)
-        }
+extern "C" void dcache_incoherent_io_flush64(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count);
+extern "C" void dcache_incoherent_io_store64(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count);
 
-        assert(address);
-        if ( address == 0 )  length = 0;
-    }
-
-    if ( lengthOfSegment )  *lengthOfSegment = length;
-
-    return address;
-}
-
-/* DEPRECATED */ /* USE INSTEAD: map(), readBytes(), writeBytes() */
-/* DEPRECATED */ void * IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-/* DEPRECATED */                                                       IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
-/* DEPRECATED */ {
-/* DEPRECATED */     if( offset != _position)
-/* DEPRECATED */       setPosition( offset );
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     assert(_position <= _length);
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     /* Fail gracefully if the position is at (or past) the end-of-buffer. */
-/* DEPRECATED */     if (_position >= _length)
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */         *lengthOfSegment = 0;
-/* DEPRECATED */         return 0;
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     /* Compute the relative length to the end of this virtual segment. */
-/* DEPRECATED */     *lengthOfSegment = _ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].length - _positionAtOffset;
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */     /* Compute the relative address of this virtual segment. */
-/* DEPRECATED */     if (_task == kernel_task)
-/* DEPRECATED */         return (void *)(_ranges.v[_positionAtIndex].address + _positionAtOffset);
-/* DEPRECATED */     else
-/* DEPRECATED */     {
-/* DEPRECATED */       vm_offset_t off;
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */         mapIntoKernel(_positionAtIndex);
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */       off  = _ranges.v[_kernPtrAtIndex].address;
-/* DEPRECATED */       off -= trunc_page(off);
-/* DEPRECATED */ 
-/* DEPRECATED */       return (void *) (_kernPtrAligned + off + _positionAtOffset);
-/* DEPRECATED */     }
-/* DEPRECATED */ }
-/* DEPRECATED */ /* USE INSTEAD: map(), readBytes(), writeBytes() */
+static void SetEncryptOp(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count)
+{
+    ppnum_t page, end;
 
-/*
- * prepare
- *
- * Prepare the memory for an I/O transfer.  This involves paging in
- * the memory, if necessary, and wiring it down for the duration of
- * the transfer.  The complete() method completes the processing of
- * the memory after the I/O transfer finishes.  This method needn't
- * called for non-pageable memory.
- */
-IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::prepare(
-               IODirection forDirection = kIODirectionNone)
+    page = atop_64(round_page_64(pa));
+    end  = atop_64(trunc_page_64(pa + count));
+    for (; page < end; page++)
+    {
+        pmap_clear_noencrypt(page);    
+    }
+}
+
+static void ClearEncryptOp(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count)
 {
-    UInt rangeIndex = 0;
+    ppnum_t page, end;
 
-    if((_wireCount == 0) && (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags)) {
-        kern_return_t rc;
+    page = atop_64(round_page_64(pa));
+    end  = atop_64(trunc_page_64(pa + count));
+    for (; page < end; page++)
+    {
+        pmap_set_noencrypt(page);    
+    }
+}
 
-        if(forDirection == kIODirectionNone)
-            forDirection = _direction;
+IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::performOperation( IOOptionBits options,
+                                                IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount length )
+{
+    IOByteCount remaining;
+    void (*func)(addr64_t pa, unsigned int count) = 0;
 
-        vm_prot_t access;
+    switch (options)
+    {
+        case kIOMemoryIncoherentIOFlush:
+            func = &dcache_incoherent_io_flush64;
+            break;
+        case kIOMemoryIncoherentIOStore:
+            func = &dcache_incoherent_io_store64;
+            break;
+
+        case kIOMemorySetEncrypted:
+            func = &SetEncryptOp;
+            break;
+        case kIOMemoryClearEncrypted:
+            func = &ClearEncryptOp;
+            break;
+    }
 
-        switch (forDirection)
-        {
-            case kIODirectionIn:
-                access = VM_PROT_WRITE;
-                break;
+    if (!func)
+        return (kIOReturnUnsupported);
 
-            case kIODirectionOut:
-                access = VM_PROT_READ;
-                break;
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       LOCK;
 
-            default:
-                access = VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE;
-                break;
-        }
+    remaining = length = min(length, getLength() - offset);
+    while (remaining)
+    // (process another target segment?)
+    {
+        addr64_t    dstAddr64;
+        IOByteCount dstLen;
 
-        //
-        // Check user read/write access to the data buffer.
-        //
+        dstAddr64 = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &dstLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
+        if (!dstAddr64)
+            break;
 
-        for (rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < _rangesCount; rangeIndex++)
-        {
-            vm_offset_t checkBase = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address);
-            vm_size_t   checkSize = round_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].length );
+        // Clip segment length to remaining
+        if (dstLen > remaining)
+            dstLen = remaining;
 
-            while (checkSize)
-            {
-                vm_region_basic_info_data_t regionInfo;
-                mach_msg_type_number_t      regionInfoSize = sizeof(regionInfo);
-                vm_size_t                   regionSize;
-
-                if ( (vm_region(
-                          /* map         */ getMapForTask(_task, checkBase),
-                          /* address     */ &checkBase,
-                          /* size        */ &regionSize,
-                          /* flavor      */ VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO,
-                          /* info        */ (vm_region_info_t) &regionInfo,
-                          /* info size   */ &regionInfoSize,
-                          /* object name */ 0 ) != KERN_SUCCESS             ) ||
-                     ( (forDirection & kIODirectionIn ) &&
-                                   !(regionInfo.protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) ) ||
-                     ( (forDirection & kIODirectionOut) && 
-                                   !(regionInfo.protection & VM_PROT_READ ) ) )
-                {
-                    return kIOReturnVMError;
-                }
+       (*func)(dstAddr64, dstLen);
 
-                assert((regionSize & PAGE_MASK) == 0);
-
-                regionSize = min(regionSize, checkSize);
-                checkSize -= regionSize;
-                checkBase += regionSize;
-            } // (for each vm region)
-        } // (for each io range)
-
-        for (rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < _rangesCount; rangeIndex++) {
-
-            vm_offset_t srcAlign = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address);
-            IOByteCount srcAlignEnd = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address +
-                                _ranges.v[rangeIndex].length  +
-                                page_size - 1);
-
-           vm_map_t taskVMMap = getMapForTask(_task, srcAlign);
-
-           // If this I/O is for a user land task then protect ourselves
-           // against COW and other vm_shenanigans
-           if (_task && _task != kernel_task) {
-               // setup a data object to hold the 'named' memory regions
-               // @@@ gvdl: If we fail to allocate an OSData we will just
-               // hope for the best for the time being.  Lets not fail a
-               // prepare at this late stage in product release.
-               if (!_memoryEntries)
-                   _memoryEntries = OSData::withCapacity(16);
-               if (_memoryEntries) {
-                   vm_object_offset_t desiredSize = srcAlignEnd - srcAlign;
-                   vm_object_offset_t entryStart = srcAlign;
-                   ipc_port_t memHandle;
-
-                   do {
-                       vm_object_offset_t actualSize = desiredSize;
-
-                       rc = mach_make_memory_entry_64
-                           (taskVMMap, &actualSize, entryStart,
-                           forDirection, &memHandle, NULL);
-                       if (KERN_SUCCESS != rc) {
-                           IOLog("IOMemoryDescriptor::prepare mach_make_memory_entry_64 failed: %d\n", rc);
-                           goto abortExit;
-                       }
-
-                       _memoryEntries->
-                           appendBytes(&memHandle, sizeof(memHandle));
-                       desiredSize -= actualSize;
-                       entryStart += actualSize;
-                   } while (desiredSize);
-               }
+        offset    += dstLen;
+        remaining -= dstLen;
+    }
+
+    if (kIOMemoryThreadSafe & _flags)
+       UNLOCK;
+
+    return (remaining ? kIOReturnUnderrun : kIOReturnSuccess);
+}
+
+#if    defined(__ppc__) || defined(__arm__)
+extern vm_offset_t             static_memory_end;
+#define io_kernel_static_end   static_memory_end
+#else
+extern vm_offset_t             first_avail;
+#define io_kernel_static_end   first_avail
+#endif
+
+static kern_return_t
+io_get_kernel_static_upl(
+       vm_map_t                /* map */,
+       uintptr_t               offset,
+       vm_size_t               *upl_size,
+       upl_t                   *upl,
+       upl_page_info_array_t   page_list,
+       unsigned int            *count,
+       ppnum_t                 *highest_page)
+{
+    unsigned int pageCount, page;
+    ppnum_t phys;
+    ppnum_t highestPage = 0;
+
+    pageCount = atop_32(*upl_size);
+    if (pageCount > *count)
+       pageCount = *count;
+
+    *upl = NULL;
+
+    for (page = 0; page < pageCount; page++)
+    {
+       phys = pmap_find_phys(kernel_pmap, ((addr64_t)offset) + ptoa_64(page));
+       if (!phys)
+           break;
+       page_list[page].phys_addr = phys;
+       page_list[page].pageout   = 0;
+       page_list[page].absent    = 0;
+       page_list[page].dirty     = 0;
+       page_list[page].precious  = 0;
+       page_list[page].device    = 0;
+       if (phys > highestPage)
+           highestPage = phys;
+    }
+
+    *highest_page = highestPage;
+
+    return ((page >= pageCount) ? kIOReturnSuccess : kIOReturnVMError);
+}
+
+IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::wireVirtual(IODirection forDirection)
+{
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+    IOReturn error = kIOReturnCannotWire;
+    ioGMDData *dataP;
+    ppnum_t mapBase = 0;
+    IOMapper *mapper;
+    ipc_port_t sharedMem = (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
+
+    assert(!_wireCount);
+    assert(kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type);
+
+    if (_pages >= gIOMaximumMappedIOPageCount)
+       return kIOReturnNoResources;
+
+    dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+    mapper = dataP->fMapper;
+    if (mapper && _pages)
+        mapBase = mapper->iovmAlloc(_pages);
+
+    // Note that appendBytes(NULL) zeros the data up to the
+    // desired length.
+    _memoryEntries->appendBytes(0, dataP->fPageCnt * sizeof(upl_page_info_t));
+    dataP = 0; // May no longer be valid so lets not get tempted.
+
+    if (forDirection == kIODirectionNone)
+        forDirection = getDirection();
+
+    int uplFlags;    // This Mem Desc's default flags for upl creation
+    switch (kIODirectionOutIn & forDirection)
+    {
+    case kIODirectionOut:
+        // Pages do not need to be marked as dirty on commit
+        uplFlags = UPL_COPYOUT_FROM;
+        _flags |= kIOMemoryPreparedReadOnly;
+        break;
+
+    case kIODirectionIn:
+    default:
+        uplFlags = 0;  // i.e. ~UPL_COPYOUT_FROM
+        break;
+    }
+    uplFlags |= UPL_SET_IO_WIRE | UPL_SET_LITE;
+
+#ifdef UPL_NEED_32BIT_ADDR
+    if (kIODirectionPrepareToPhys32 & forDirection) 
+       uplFlags |= UPL_NEED_32BIT_ADDR;
+#endif
+
+    // Find the appropriate vm_map for the given task
+    vm_map_t curMap;
+    if (_task == kernel_task && (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags))
+        curMap = 0;
+    else
+        { curMap = get_task_map(_task); }
+
+    // Iterate over the vector of virtual ranges
+    Ranges vec = _ranges;
+    unsigned int pageIndex = 0;
+    IOByteCount mdOffset = 0;
+    ppnum_t highestPage = 0;
+    for (UInt range = 0; range < _rangesCount; range++) {
+        ioPLBlock iopl;
+       user_addr_t startPage;
+        IOByteCount numBytes;
+       ppnum_t highPage = 0;
+
+       // Get the startPage address and length of vec[range]
+       getAddrLenForInd(startPage, numBytes, type, vec, range);
+       iopl.fPageOffset = startPage & PAGE_MASK;
+       numBytes += iopl.fPageOffset;
+       startPage = trunc_page_64(startPage);
+
+       if (mapper)
+           iopl.fMappedBase = mapBase + pageIndex;
+       else
+           iopl.fMappedBase = 0;
+
+       // Iterate over the current range, creating UPLs
+        while (numBytes) {
+            dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+           vm_address_t kernelStart = (vm_address_t) startPage;
+            vm_map_t theMap;
+           if (curMap)
+               theMap = curMap;
+           else if (!sharedMem) {
+               assert(_task == kernel_task);
+               theMap = IOPageableMapForAddress(kernelStart);
+           }
+           else
+               theMap = NULL;
+
+            upl_page_info_array_t pageInfo = getPageList(dataP);
+            int ioplFlags = uplFlags;
+            upl_page_list_ptr_t baseInfo = &pageInfo[pageIndex];
+
+            vm_size_t ioplSize = round_page(numBytes);
+            unsigned int numPageInfo = atop_32(ioplSize);
+
+           if (theMap == kernel_map && kernelStart < io_kernel_static_end) {
+               error = io_get_kernel_static_upl(theMap, 
+                                               kernelStart,
+                                               &ioplSize,
+                                               &iopl.fIOPL,
+                                               baseInfo,
+                                               &numPageInfo,
+                                               &highPage);
+           }
+           else if (sharedMem) {
+               error = memory_object_iopl_request(sharedMem, 
+                                               ptoa_32(pageIndex),
+                                               &ioplSize,
+                                               &iopl.fIOPL,
+                                               baseInfo,
+                                               &numPageInfo,
+                                               &ioplFlags);
+           }
+           else {
+               assert(theMap);
+               error = vm_map_create_upl(theMap,
+                                               startPage,
+                                               (upl_size_t*)&ioplSize,
+                                               &iopl.fIOPL,
+                                               baseInfo,
+                                               &numPageInfo,
+                                               &ioplFlags);
            }
 
-            rc = vm_map_wire(taskVMMap, srcAlign, srcAlignEnd, access, FALSE);
-           if (KERN_SUCCESS != rc) {
-               IOLog("IOMemoryDescriptor::prepare vm_map_wire failed: %d\n", rc);
-               goto abortExit;
+            assert(ioplSize);
+            if (error != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                goto abortExit;
+
+           if (iopl.fIOPL)
+               highPage = upl_get_highest_page(iopl.fIOPL);
+           if (highPage > highestPage)
+               highestPage = highPage;
+
+            error = kIOReturnCannotWire;
+
+            if (baseInfo->device) {
+                numPageInfo = 1;
+                iopl.fFlags  = kIOPLOnDevice;
+                // Don't translate device memory at all 
+               if (mapper && mapBase) {
+                   mapper->iovmFree(mapBase, _pages);
+                   mapBase = 0;
+                   iopl.fMappedBase = 0;
+               }
+            }
+            else {
+                iopl.fFlags = 0;
+               if (mapper)
+                    mapper->iovmInsert(mapBase, pageIndex,
+                                       baseInfo, numPageInfo);
+            }
+
+            iopl.fIOMDOffset = mdOffset;
+            iopl.fPageInfo = pageIndex;
+
+           if ((_flags & kIOMemoryAutoPrepare) && iopl.fIOPL)
+           {
+               upl_commit(iopl.fIOPL, 0, 0);
+               upl_deallocate(iopl.fIOPL);
+               iopl.fIOPL = 0;
            }
+
+            if (!_memoryEntries->appendBytes(&iopl, sizeof(iopl))) {
+                // Clean up partial created and unsaved iopl
+                if (iopl.fIOPL) {
+                    upl_abort(iopl.fIOPL, 0);
+                    upl_deallocate(iopl.fIOPL);
+                }
+                goto abortExit;
+            }
+
+            // Check for a multiple iopl's in one virtual range
+            pageIndex += numPageInfo;
+            mdOffset -= iopl.fPageOffset;
+            if (ioplSize < numBytes) {
+                numBytes -= ioplSize;
+                startPage += ioplSize;
+                mdOffset += ioplSize;
+                iopl.fPageOffset = 0;
+               if (mapper)
+                   iopl.fMappedBase = mapBase + pageIndex;
+            }
+            else {
+                mdOffset += numBytes;
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
-    _wireCount++;
+
+    _highestPage = highestPage;
+
     return kIOReturnSuccess;
 
 abortExit:
-    UInt doneIndex;
+    {
+        dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+        UInt done = getNumIOPL(_memoryEntries, dataP);
+        ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(dataP);
+    
+        for (UInt range = 0; range < done; range++)
+       {
+           if (ioplList[range].fIOPL) {
+             upl_abort(ioplList[range].fIOPL, 0);
+             upl_deallocate(ioplList[range].fIOPL);
+           }
+       }
+       (void) _memoryEntries->initWithBytes(dataP, sizeof(ioGMDData)); // == setLength()
+
+        if (mapper && mapBase)
+            mapper->iovmFree(mapBase, _pages);
+    }
+
+    if (error == KERN_FAILURE)
+        error = kIOReturnCannotWire;
+
+    return error;
+}
 
+/*
+ * prepare
+ *
+ * Prepare the memory for an I/O transfer.  This involves paging in
+ * the memory, if necessary, and wiring it down for the duration of
+ * the transfer.  The complete() method completes the processing of
+ * the memory after the I/O transfer finishes.  This method needn't
+ * called for non-pageable memory.
+ */
+IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::prepare(IODirection forDirection)
+{
+    IOReturn error    = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
 
-    for(doneIndex = 0; doneIndex < rangeIndex; doneIndex++) {
-       vm_offset_t srcAlign = trunc_page(_ranges.v[doneIndex].address);
-       IOByteCount srcAlignEnd = trunc_page(_ranges.v[doneIndex].address +
-                           _ranges.v[doneIndex].length  +
-                           page_size - 1);
+    if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-       vm_map_unwire(getMapForTask(_task, srcAlign), srcAlign,
-                           srcAlignEnd, FALSE);
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockLock(_prepareLock);
+
+    if (!_wireCount
+    && (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) ) {
+        error = wireVirtual(forDirection);
     }
 
-    if (_memoryEntries) {
-       ipc_port_t *handles, *handlesEnd;
+    if (kIOReturnSuccess == error)
+       _wireCount++;
 
-       handles = (ipc_port_t *) _memoryEntries->getBytesNoCopy();
-       handlesEnd = (ipc_port_t *)
-           ((vm_address_t) handles + _memoryEntries->getLength());
-       while (handles < handlesEnd)
-           ipc_port_release_send(*handles++);
-       _memoryEntries->release();
-       _memoryEntries = 0;
+    if (1 == _wireCount)
+    {
+        if (kIOMemoryClearEncrypt & _flags)
+        {
+            performOperation(kIOMemoryClearEncrypted, 0, _length);
+        }
     }
 
-    return kIOReturnVMError;
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockUnlock(_prepareLock);
+
+    return error;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1029,104 +2232,155 @@ abortExit:
  * before and after an I/O transfer involving pageable memory.
  */
  
-IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::complete(
-               IODirection forDirection = kIODirectionNone)
+IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::complete(IODirection /* forDirection */)
 {
-    assert(_wireCount);
-
-    if(0 == _wireCount)
-        return kIOReturnSuccess;
-
-    _wireCount--;
-    if((_wireCount == 0) && (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags)) {
-        UInt rangeIndex;
-        kern_return_t rc;
-
-        if(forDirection == kIODirectionNone)
-            forDirection = _direction;
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
 
-        for(rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < _rangesCount; rangeIndex++) {
+    if ((kIOMemoryTypePhysical == type) || (kIOMemoryTypePhysical64 == type))
+       return kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-            vm_offset_t srcAlign = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address);
-            IOByteCount srcAlignEnd = trunc_page(_ranges.v[rangeIndex].address +
-                                _ranges.v[rangeIndex].length  +
-                                page_size - 1);
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockLock(_prepareLock);
 
-            if(forDirection == kIODirectionIn)
-                pmap_modify_pages(get_task_pmap(_task), srcAlign, srcAlignEnd);
+    assert(_wireCount);
 
-            rc = vm_map_unwire(getMapForTask(_task, srcAlign), srcAlign,
-                                  srcAlignEnd, FALSE);
-            if(rc != KERN_SUCCESS)
-                IOLog("IOMemoryDescriptor::complete: vm_map_unwire failed: %d\n", rc);
+    if (_wireCount)
+    {
+        if ((kIOMemoryClearEncrypt & _flags) && (1 == _wireCount))
+        {
+            performOperation(kIOMemorySetEncrypted, 0, _length);
         }
 
-       if (_memoryEntries) {
-           ipc_port_t *handles, *handlesEnd;
-
-           handles = (ipc_port_t *) _memoryEntries->getBytesNoCopy();
-           handlesEnd = (ipc_port_t *)
-                       ((vm_address_t) handles + _memoryEntries->getLength());
-           while (handles < handlesEnd)
-               ipc_port_release_send(*handles++);
+       _wireCount--;
+       if (!_wireCount)
+       {
+           IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+           ioGMDData * dataP = getDataP(_memoryEntries);
+           ioPLBlock *ioplList = getIOPLList(dataP);
+           UInt count = getNumIOPL(_memoryEntries, dataP);
+
+#if IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE
+           if (__iomd_reservedA) panic("complete() while dma active");
+#endif /* IOMD_DEBUG_DMAACTIVE */
+
+           if (dataP->fMapper && _pages && ioplList[0].fMappedBase)
+               dataP->fMapper->iovmFree(ioplList[0].fMappedBase, _pages);
+
+           // Only complete iopls that we created which are for TypeVirtual
+           if (kIOMemoryTypeVirtual == type || kIOMemoryTypeVirtual64 == type || kIOMemoryTypeUIO == type) {
+               for (UInt ind = 0; ind < count; ind++)
+                   if (ioplList[ind].fIOPL) {
+                        upl_commit(ioplList[ind].fIOPL, 0, 0);
+                        upl_deallocate(ioplList[ind].fIOPL);
+                   }
+           }
+           (void) _memoryEntries->initWithBytes(dataP, sizeof(ioGMDData)); // == setLength()
 
-           _memoryEntries->release();
-           _memoryEntries = 0;
+           dataP->fPreparationID = kIOPreparationIDUnprepared;
        }
     }
+
+    if (_prepareLock)
+       IOLockUnlock(_prepareLock);
+
     return kIOReturnSuccess;
 }
 
 IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
-       vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress *      atAddress,
+       vm_map_t                __addressMap,
+       IOVirtualAddress *      __address,
        IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             sourceOffset = 0,
-       IOByteCount             length = 0 )
+       IOByteCount             __offset,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
+
 {
-    kern_return_t kr;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (!(kIOMap64Bit & options)) panic("IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap !64bit");
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+    IOMemoryMap *  mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) *__address;
+    mach_vm_size_t offset  = mapping->fOffset + __offset;
+    mach_vm_size_t length  = mapping->fLength;
+
+    kern_return_t kr = kIOReturnVMError;
     ipc_port_t sharedMem = (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
 
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+    Ranges vec = _ranges;
+
+    user_addr_t range0Addr = 0;
+    IOByteCount range0Len = 0;
+
+    if (vec.v)
+       getAddrLenForInd(range0Addr, range0Len, type, vec, 0);
+
     // mapping source == dest? (could be much better)
-    if( _task && (addressMap == get_task_map(_task)) && (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
-       && (1 == _rangesCount) && (0 == sourceOffset)
-       && (length <= _ranges.v[0].length) ) {
-           *atAddress = _ranges.v[0].address;
-           return( kIOReturnSuccess );
+    if( _task
+     && (mapping->fAddressMap == get_task_map(_task)) && (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
+     && (1 == _rangesCount) && (0 == offset)
+     && range0Addr && (length <= range0Len) )
+    {
+       mapping->fAddress = range0Addr;
+       mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapStatic;
+
+       return( kIOReturnSuccess );
     }
 
     if( 0 == sharedMem) {
 
-        vm_size_t size = 0;
-
-        for (unsigned index = 0; index < _rangesCount; index++)
-            size += round_page(_ranges.v[index].address + _ranges.v[index].length)
-                  - trunc_page(_ranges.v[index].address);
+        vm_size_t size = ptoa_32(_pages);
 
         if( _task) {
-#if NOTYET
-            vm_object_offset_t actualSize = size;
-            kr = mach_make_memory_entry_64( get_task_map(_task),
-                        &actualSize, _ranges.v[0].address,
-                        VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE, &sharedMem,
+
+            memory_object_size_t actualSize = size;
+           vm_prot_t            prot       = VM_PROT_READ;
+           if (!(kIOMapReadOnly & options))
+               prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+           else if (kIOMapDefaultCache != (options & kIOMapCacheMask))
+               prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
+            kr = mach_make_memory_entry_64(get_task_map(_task),
+                        &actualSize, range0Addr,
+                        prot, &sharedMem,
                         NULL );
 
-            if( (KERN_SUCCESS == kr) && (actualSize != size)) {
+            if( (KERN_SUCCESS == kr) && (actualSize != round_page(size)))
+           {
+               // map will cross vm objects
 #if IOASSERT
-                IOLog("mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08lx) size (%08lx:%08lx)\n",
-                            _ranges.v[0].address, (UInt32)actualSize, size);
+                IOLog("mach_make_memory_entry_64 (%08llx) size (%08llx:%08llx)\n",
+                     range0Addr, (UInt64)actualSize, (UInt64)size);
 #endif
                 kr = kIOReturnVMError;
                 ipc_port_release_send( sharedMem );
-            }
-
-            if( KERN_SUCCESS != kr)
-#endif /* NOTYET */
                 sharedMem = MACH_PORT_NULL;
 
-        } else do {
+               mach_vm_address_t address;
+               mach_vm_size_t    pageOffset = (range0Addr & PAGE_MASK);
+
+               address = trunc_page_64(mapping->fAddress);
+               if ((options & kIOMapAnywhere) || ((mapping->fAddress - address) == pageOffset))
+               {
+                   kr = IOMemoryDescriptorMapCopy(mapping->fAddressMap, 
+                                                   get_task_map(_task), range0Addr,
+                                                   options,
+                                                   offset, &address, round_page_64(length + pageOffset));
+                   if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS)
+                       mapping->fAddress = address + pageOffset;
+                   else
+                       mapping->fAddress = NULL;
+               }
+            }
+        } 
+       else do
+       {       // _task == 0, must be physical
 
-            memory_object_t pager;
+            memory_object_t    pager;
+           unsigned int        flags = 0;
+           addr64_t            pa;
+           IOPhysicalLength    segLen;
+
+           pa = getPhysicalSegment( offset, &segLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone );
 
             if( !reserved) {
                 reserved = IONew( ExpansionData, 1 );
@@ -1134,224 +2388,176 @@ IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
                     continue;
             }
             reserved->pagerContig = (1 == _rangesCount);
+           reserved->memory = this;
+
+           /*What cache mode do we need*/
+            switch(options & kIOMapCacheMask ) {
+
+               case kIOMapDefaultCache:
+               default:
+                   flags = IODefaultCacheBits(pa);
+                   if (DEVICE_PAGER_CACHE_INHIB & flags)
+                   {
+                       if (DEVICE_PAGER_GUARDED & flags)
+                           mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapInhibitCache;
+                       else
+                           mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapWriteCombineCache;
+                   }
+                   else if (DEVICE_PAGER_WRITE_THROUGH & flags)
+                       mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapWriteThruCache;
+                   else
+                       mapping->fOptions |= kIOMapCopybackCache;
+                   break;
+       
+               case kIOMapInhibitCache:
+                   flags = DEVICE_PAGER_CACHE_INHIB | 
+                                   DEVICE_PAGER_COHERENT | DEVICE_PAGER_GUARDED;
+                   break;
+       
+               case kIOMapWriteThruCache:
+                   flags = DEVICE_PAGER_WRITE_THROUGH |
+                                   DEVICE_PAGER_COHERENT | DEVICE_PAGER_GUARDED;
+                   break;
+
+               case kIOMapCopybackCache:
+                   flags = DEVICE_PAGER_COHERENT;
+                   break;
+
+               case kIOMapWriteCombineCache:
+                   flags = DEVICE_PAGER_CACHE_INHIB |
+                                   DEVICE_PAGER_COHERENT;
+                   break;
+            }
 
-            pager = device_pager_setup( (memory_object_t) 0, (int) this, size, 
-                            reserved->pagerContig ? DEVICE_PAGER_CONTIGUOUS : 0 );
+           flags |= reserved->pagerContig ? DEVICE_PAGER_CONTIGUOUS : 0;
+
+            pager = device_pager_setup( (memory_object_t) 0, (uintptr_t) reserved, 
+                                                               size, flags);
             assert( pager );
 
             if( pager) {
-                retain();      // pager has a ref
                 kr = mach_memory_object_memory_entry_64( (host_t) 1, false /*internal*/, 
                             size, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE, pager, &sharedMem );
 
                 assert( KERN_SUCCESS == kr );
-                if( KERN_SUCCESS != kr) {
-// chris?
-//                    ipc_port_release_send( (ipc_port_t) pager );
+                if( KERN_SUCCESS != kr)
+               {
+                   device_pager_deallocate( pager );
                     pager = MACH_PORT_NULL;
                     sharedMem = MACH_PORT_NULL;
                 }
             }
-            reserved->devicePager = pager;
+           if( pager && sharedMem)
+               reserved->devicePager    = pager;
+           else {
+               IODelete( reserved, ExpansionData, 1 );
+               reserved = 0;
+           }
 
         } while( false );
 
         _memEntry = (void *) sharedMem;
     }
 
-    kr = super::doMap( addressMap, atAddress,
-                           options, sourceOffset, length );
+    IOReturn result;
+    if (0 == sharedMem)
+      result = kr;
+    else
+      result = super::doMap( __addressMap, __address,
+                                       options, __offset, __length );
 
-    return( kr );
+    return( result );
 }
 
 IOReturn IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::doUnmap(
        vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress        logical,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+       IOVirtualAddress        __address,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
 {
-    // could be much better
-    if( _task && (addressMap == getMapForTask(_task, _ranges.v[0].address)) && (1 == _rangesCount)
-        && (logical == _ranges.v[0].address)
-        && (length <= _ranges.v[0].length) )
-           return( kIOReturnSuccess );
-
-    return( super::doUnmap( addressMap, logical, length ));
+    return (super::doUnmap(addressMap, __address, __length));
 }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-extern "C" {
-// osfmk/device/iokit_rpc.c
-extern kern_return_t IOMapPages( vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t va, vm_offset_t pa,
-                                 vm_size_t length, unsigned int mapFlags);
-extern kern_return_t IOUnmapPages(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t va, vm_size_t length);
-};
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-static IORecursiveLock * gIOMemoryLock;
-
-#define LOCK   IORecursiveLockLock( gIOMemoryLock)
-#define UNLOCK IORecursiveLockUnlock( gIOMemoryLock)
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-OSDefineMetaClass( IOMemoryMap, OSObject )
-OSDefineAbstractStructors( IOMemoryMap, OSObject )
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-class _IOMemoryMap : public IOMemoryMap
-{
-    OSDeclareDefaultStructors(_IOMemoryMap)
-
-    IOMemoryDescriptor * memory;
-    IOMemoryMap *      superMap;
-    IOByteCount                offset;
-    IOByteCount                length;
-    IOVirtualAddress   logical;
-    task_t             addressTask;
-    vm_map_t           addressMap;
-    IOOptionBits       options;
+#undef super
+#define super OSObject
 
-public:
-    virtual void free();
-
-    // IOMemoryMap methods
-    virtual IOVirtualAddress   getVirtualAddress();
-    virtual IOByteCount        getLength();
-    virtual task_t             getAddressTask();
-    virtual IOMemoryDescriptor * getMemoryDescriptor();
-    virtual IOOptionBits       getMapOptions();
-
-    virtual IOReturn           unmap();
-    virtual void               taskDied();
-
-    virtual IOPhysicalAddress  getPhysicalSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-                                                  IOByteCount * length);
-
-    // for IOMemoryDescriptor use
-    _IOMemoryMap * isCompatible(
-               IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
-                task_t                 intoTask,
-                IOVirtualAddress       toAddress,
-                IOOptionBits           options,
-                IOByteCount            offset,
-                IOByteCount            length );
-
-    bool init(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    memory,
-       IOMemoryMap *           superMap,
-        IOByteCount            offset,
-        IOByteCount            length );
-
-    bool init(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    memory,
-       task_t                  intoTask,
-       IOVirtualAddress        toAddress,
-       IOOptionBits            options,
-        IOByteCount            offset,
-        IOByteCount            length );
+OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors( IOMemoryMap, OSObject )
 
-    IOReturn redirect(
-       task_t                  intoTask, bool redirect );
-};
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 0);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 1);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 2);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 3);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 4);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 5);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 6);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryMap, 7);
 
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-#undef super
-#define super IOMemoryMap
-
-OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(_IOMemoryMap, IOMemoryMap)
+/* ex-inline function implementation */
+IOPhysicalAddress IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalAddress()
+    { return( getPhysicalSegment( 0, 0 )); }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-bool _IOMemoryMap::init(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    _memory,
-       IOMemoryMap *           _superMap,
-        IOByteCount            _offset,
-        IOByteCount            _length )
+bool IOMemoryMap::init(
+        task_t                 intoTask,
+        mach_vm_address_t      toAddress,
+        IOOptionBits           _options,
+        mach_vm_size_t         _offset,
+        mach_vm_size_t         _length )
 {
-
-    if( !super::init())
-       return( false);
-
-    if( (_offset + _length) > _superMap->getLength())
+    if (!intoTask)
        return( false);
 
-    _memory->retain();
-    memory     = _memory;
-    _superMap->retain();
-    superMap   = _superMap;
+    if (!super::init())
+       return(false);
 
-    offset     = _offset;
-    if( _length)
-        length = _length;
-    else
-        length = _memory->getLength();
+    fAddressMap  = get_task_map(intoTask);
+    if (!fAddressMap)
+       return(false);
+    vm_map_reference(fAddressMap);
 
-    options    = superMap->getMapOptions();
-    logical    = superMap->getVirtualAddress() + offset;
+    fAddressTask = intoTask;
+    fOptions     = _options;
+    fLength      = _length;
+    fOffset     = _offset;
+    fAddress     = toAddress;
 
-    return( true );
+    return (true);
 }
 
-bool _IOMemoryMap::init(
-        IOMemoryDescriptor *   _memory,
-        task_t                 intoTask,
-        IOVirtualAddress       toAddress,
-        IOOptionBits           _options,
-        IOByteCount            _offset,
-        IOByteCount            _length )
+bool IOMemoryMap::setMemoryDescriptor(IOMemoryDescriptor * _memory, mach_vm_size_t _offset)
 {
-    bool       ok;
-
-    if( (!_memory) || (!intoTask) || !super::init())
-       return( false);
+    if (!_memory)
+       return(false);
 
-    if( (_offset + _length) > _memory->getLength())
-       return( false);
-
-    addressMap  = get_task_map(intoTask);
-    if( !addressMap)
-       return( false);
-    kernel_vm_map_reference(addressMap);
+    if (!fSuperMap)
+    {
+       if( (_offset + fLength) > _memory->getLength())
+           return( false);
+       fOffset = _offset;
+    }
 
     _memory->retain();
-    memory     = _memory;
-
-    offset     = _offset;
-    if( _length)
-        length = _length;
-    else
-        length = _memory->getLength();
-
-    addressTask        = intoTask;
-    logical    = toAddress;
-    options    = _options;
-
-    if( options & kIOMapStatic)
-       ok = true;
-    else
-       ok = (kIOReturnSuccess == memory->doMap( addressMap, &logical,
-                                                options, offset, length ));
-    if( !ok) {
-       logical = 0;
-        memory->release();
-        memory = 0;
-        vm_map_deallocate(addressMap);
-        addressMap = 0;
+    if (fMemory)
+    {
+       if (fMemory != _memory)
+           fMemory->removeMapping(this);
+       fMemory->release();
     }
-    return( ok );
+    fMemory = _memory;
+
+    return( true );
 }
 
 struct IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef
 {
     ipc_port_t         sharedMem;
-    vm_size_t          size;
-    vm_offset_t                mapped;
-    IOByteCount                sourceOffset;
+    vm_map_t            src_map;
+    mach_vm_offset_t    src_address;
+    mach_vm_address_t  mapped;
+    mach_vm_size_t     size;
+    mach_vm_size_t     sourceOffset;
     IOOptionBits       options;
 };
 
@@ -1361,11 +2567,49 @@ static kern_return_t IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc(vm_map_t map, void * _ref)
     IOReturn                       err;
 
     do {
-        if( ref->sharedMem) {
+        if( ref->sharedMem)
+       {
             vm_prot_t prot = VM_PROT_READ
                             | ((ref->options & kIOMapReadOnly) ? 0 : VM_PROT_WRITE);
-    
-            err = vm_map( map,
+
+           // VM system requires write access to change cache mode
+           if (kIOMapDefaultCache != (ref->options & kIOMapCacheMask))
+               prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
+            // set memory entry cache
+            vm_prot_t memEntryCacheMode = prot | MAP_MEM_ONLY;
+            switch (ref->options & kIOMapCacheMask)
+            {
+               case kIOMapInhibitCache:
+                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_IO, memEntryCacheMode);
+                    break;
+       
+               case kIOMapWriteThruCache:
+                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_WTHRU, memEntryCacheMode);
+                    break;
+
+               case kIOMapWriteCombineCache:
+                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_WCOMB, memEntryCacheMode);
+                    break;
+
+               case kIOMapCopybackCache:
+                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_COPYBACK, memEntryCacheMode);
+                    break;
+
+               case kIOMapDefaultCache:
+               default:
+                    SET_MAP_MEM(MAP_MEM_NOOP, memEntryCacheMode);
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            vm_size_t unused = 0;
+
+            err = mach_make_memory_entry( NULL /*unused*/, &unused, 0 /*unused*/, 
+                                            memEntryCacheMode, NULL, ref->sharedMem );
+            if (KERN_SUCCESS != err)
+                IOLog("MAP_MEM_ONLY failed %d\n", err);
+
+            err = mach_vm_map( map,
                             &ref->mapped,
                             ref->size, 0 /* mask */, 
                             (( ref->options & kIOMapAnywhere ) ? VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE : VM_FLAGS_FIXED)
@@ -1375,437 +2619,688 @@ static kern_return_t IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc(vm_map_t map, void * _ref)
                             prot, // cur
                             prot, // max
                             VM_INHERIT_NONE);
-    
+
             if( KERN_SUCCESS != err) {
                 ref->mapped = 0;
                 continue;
             }
-    
-        } else {
-    
-            err = vm_allocate( map, &ref->mapped, ref->size,
+        }
+        else if (ref->src_map)
+       {
+           vm_prot_t cur_prot, max_prot;
+           err = mach_vm_remap(map, &ref->mapped, ref->size, PAGE_MASK, 
+                                   (ref->options & kIOMapAnywhere) ? TRUE : FALSE,
+                                   ref->src_map, ref->src_address,
+                                   FALSE /* copy */,
+                                   &cur_prot,
+                                   &max_prot,
+                                   VM_INHERIT_NONE);
+            if (KERN_SUCCESS == err)
+           {
+               if ((!(VM_PROT_READ & cur_prot))
+                   || (!(kIOMapReadOnly & ref->options) && !(VM_PROT_WRITE & cur_prot)))
+               {
+                   mach_vm_deallocate(map, ref->mapped, ref->size);
+                   err = KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
+           }
+            if (KERN_SUCCESS != err)
+                ref->mapped = 0;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+            err = mach_vm_allocate( map, &ref->mapped, ref->size,
                             ((ref->options & kIOMapAnywhere) ? VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE : VM_FLAGS_FIXED)
                             | VM_MAKE_TAG(VM_MEMORY_IOKIT) );
-    
             if( KERN_SUCCESS != err) {
                 ref->mapped = 0;
                 continue;
             }
-    
             // we have to make sure that these guys don't get copied if we fork.
             err = vm_inherit( map, ref->mapped, ref->size, VM_INHERIT_NONE);
             assert( KERN_SUCCESS == err );
         }
-
-    while( false );
+    }
+    while( false );
 
     return( err );
 }
 
+kern_return_t 
+IOMemoryDescriptorMapMemEntry(vm_map_t map, ipc_port_t entry, IOOptionBits options, bool pageable,
+                               mach_vm_size_t offset, 
+                               mach_vm_address_t * address, mach_vm_size_t length)
+{
+    IOReturn err;
+    IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef ref;
+
+    ref.sharedMem    = entry;
+    ref.src_map      = NULL;
+    ref.sharedMem    = entry;
+    ref.sourceOffset = trunc_page_64(offset);
+    ref.options             = options;
+    ref.size         = length;
+
+    if (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
+       // vm_map looks for addresses above here, even when VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE
+       ref.mapped = 0;
+    else
+       ref.mapped = *address;
+
+    if( ref.sharedMem && (map == kernel_map) && pageable)
+       err = IOIteratePageableMaps( ref.size, &IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc, &ref );
+    else
+       err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc( map, &ref );
+
+    *address = ref.mapped;
+    return (err);
+}
+
+kern_return_t 
+IOMemoryDescriptorMapCopy(vm_map_t map, 
+                               vm_map_t src_map, 
+                               mach_vm_offset_t src_address,
+                               IOOptionBits options,
+                               mach_vm_size_t offset, 
+                               mach_vm_address_t * address, mach_vm_size_t length)
+{
+    IOReturn err;
+    IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef ref;
+
+    ref.sharedMem    = NULL;
+    ref.src_map      = src_map;
+    ref.src_address  = src_address;
+    ref.sourceOffset = trunc_page_64(offset);
+    ref.options             = options;
+    ref.size         = length;
+
+    if (options & kIOMapAnywhere)
+       // vm_map looks for addresses above here, even when VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE
+       ref.mapped = 0;
+    else
+       ref.mapped = *address;
+
+    if (map == kernel_map)
+       err = IOIteratePageableMaps(ref.size, &IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc, &ref);
+    else
+       err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc(map, &ref);
+
+    *address = ref.mapped;
+    return (err);
+}
+
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap(
-       vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress *      atAddress,
+       vm_map_t                __addressMap,
+       IOVirtualAddress *      __address,
        IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             sourceOffset = 0,
-       IOByteCount             length = 0 )
+       IOByteCount             __offset,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
 {
-    IOReturn           err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-    memory_object_t    pager;
-    vm_address_t       logical;
-    IOByteCount                pageOffset;
-    IOPhysicalAddress  sourceAddr;
-    IOMemoryDescriptorMapAllocRef      ref;
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (!(kIOMap64Bit & options)) panic("IOMemoryDescriptor::doMap !64bit");
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
-    ref.sharedMem      = (ipc_port_t) _memEntry;
-    ref.sourceOffset   = sourceOffset;
-    ref.options                = options;
+    IOMemoryMap *  mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) *__address;
+    mach_vm_size_t offset  = mapping->fOffset + __offset;
+    mach_vm_size_t length  = mapping->fLength;
 
-    do {
+    IOReturn         err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    memory_object_t   pager;
+    mach_vm_size_t    pageOffset;
+    IOPhysicalAddress sourceAddr;
+    unsigned int lock_count;
 
-        if( 0 == length)
-            length = getLength();
+    do
+    {
+       sourceAddr = getPhysicalSegment( offset, NULL, _kIOMemorySourceSegment );
+       pageOffset = sourceAddr - trunc_page( sourceAddr );
+
+       if( reserved)
+           pager = (memory_object_t) reserved->devicePager;
+       else
+           pager = MACH_PORT_NULL;
+
+       if ((kIOMapReference|kIOMapUnique) == ((kIOMapReference|kIOMapUnique) & options))
+       {
+           upl_t          redirUPL2;
+           vm_size_t      size;
+           int            flags;
+
+           if (!_memEntry)
+           {
+               err = kIOReturnNotReadable;
+               continue;
+           }
 
-        sourceAddr = getSourceSegment( sourceOffset, NULL );
-        assert( sourceAddr );
-        pageOffset = sourceAddr - trunc_page( sourceAddr );
+           size = round_page(mapping->fLength + pageOffset);
+           flags = UPL_COPYOUT_FROM | UPL_SET_INTERNAL 
+                       | UPL_SET_LITE | UPL_SET_IO_WIRE | UPL_BLOCK_ACCESS;
 
-        ref.size = round_page( length + pageOffset );
+           if (KERN_SUCCESS != memory_object_iopl_request((ipc_port_t) _memEntry, 0, &size, &redirUPL2,
+                                           NULL, NULL,
+                                           &flags))
+               redirUPL2 = NULL;
 
-        logical = *atAddress;
-        if( options & kIOMapAnywhere) 
-            // vm_map looks for addresses above here, even when VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE
-            ref.mapped = 0;
-        else {
-            ref.mapped = trunc_page( logical );
-            if( (logical - ref.mapped) != pageOffset) {
-                err = kIOReturnVMError;
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if( ref.sharedMem && (addressMap == kernel_map) && (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags))
-            err = IOIteratePageableMaps( ref.size, &IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc, &ref );
-        else
-            err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapAlloc( addressMap, &ref );
+           for (lock_count = 0;
+                IORecursiveLockHaveLock(gIOMemoryLock);
+                lock_count++) {
+             UNLOCK;
+           }
+           err = upl_transpose(redirUPL2, mapping->fRedirUPL);
+           for (;
+                lock_count;
+                lock_count--) {
+             LOCK;
+           }
 
-        if( err != KERN_SUCCESS)
-            continue;
+           if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
+           {
+               IOLog("upl_transpose(%x)\n", err);
+               err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+           }
 
-        if( reserved)
-            pager = (memory_object_t) reserved->devicePager;
-        else
-            pager = MACH_PORT_NULL;
+           if (redirUPL2)
+           {
+               upl_commit(redirUPL2, NULL, 0);
+               upl_deallocate(redirUPL2);
+               redirUPL2 = 0;
+           }
+           {
+               // swap the memEntries since they now refer to different vm_objects
+               void * me = _memEntry;
+               _memEntry = mapping->fMemory->_memEntry;
+               mapping->fMemory->_memEntry = me;
+           }
+           if (pager)
+               err = handleFault( reserved->devicePager, mapping->fAddressMap, mapping->fAddress, offset, length, options );
+       }
+       else
+       {
+           mach_vm_address_t address;
+
+           if (!(options & kIOMapAnywhere))
+           {
+               address = trunc_page_64(mapping->fAddress);
+               if( (mapping->fAddress - address) != pageOffset)
+               {
+                   err = kIOReturnVMError;
+                   continue;
+               }
+           }
 
-        if( !ref.sharedMem || pager )
-            err = handleFault( pager, addressMap, ref.mapped, sourceOffset, length, options );
+           err = IOMemoryDescriptorMapMemEntry(mapping->fAddressMap, (ipc_port_t) _memEntry,
+                                                   options, (kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags),
+                                                   offset, &address, round_page_64(length + pageOffset));
+           if( err != KERN_SUCCESS)
+               continue;
+
+           if (!_memEntry || pager)
+           {
+               err = handleFault( pager, mapping->fAddressMap, address, offset, length, options );
+               if (err != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                   doUnmap( mapping->fAddressMap, (IOVirtualAddress) mapping, 0 );
+           }
 
-    } while( false );
+#if DEBUG
+       if (kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
+           IOLog("mapping(%x) desc %p @ %lx, map %p, address %qx, offset %qx, length %qx\n", 
+                   err, this, sourceAddr, mapping, address, offset, length);
+#endif
 
-    if( err != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-        if( ref.mapped)
-            doUnmap( addressMap, ref.mapped, ref.size );
-        *atAddress = NULL;
-    } else
-        *atAddress = ref.mapped + pageOffset;
+           if (err == KERN_SUCCESS)
+               mapping->fAddress = address + pageOffset;
+           else
+               mapping->fAddress = NULL;
+       }
+    }
+    while( false );
 
-    return( err );
+    return (err);
 }
 
-enum {
-    kIOMemoryRedirected        = 0x00010000
-};
-
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::handleFault(
         void *                 _pager,
        vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress        address,
-       IOByteCount             sourceOffset,
-       IOByteCount             length,
+       mach_vm_address_t       address,
+       mach_vm_size_t          sourceOffset,
+       mach_vm_size_t          length,
         IOOptionBits           options )
 {
     IOReturn           err = kIOReturnSuccess;
     memory_object_t    pager = (memory_object_t) _pager;
-    vm_size_t          size;
-    vm_size_t          bytes;
-    vm_size_t          page;
-    IOByteCount                pageOffset;
+    mach_vm_size_t     size;
+    mach_vm_size_t     bytes;
+    mach_vm_size_t     page;
+    mach_vm_size_t     pageOffset;
+    mach_vm_size_t     pagerOffset;
     IOPhysicalLength   segLen;
-    IOPhysicalAddress  physAddr;
-
-    if( !addressMap) {
-
-        LOCK;
+    addr64_t           physAddr;
 
-        if( kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags) {
-#ifdef DEBUG
-            IOLog("sleep mem redirect %x, %lx\n", address, sourceOffset);
+    if( !addressMap)
+    {
+        if( kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags)
+       {
+#if DEBUG
+            IOLog("sleep mem redirect %p, %qx\n", this, sourceOffset);
 #endif
             do {
-                assert_wait( (event_t) this, THREAD_UNINT );
-                UNLOCK;
-                thread_block((void (*)(void)) 0);
-                LOCK;
+               SLEEP;
             } while( kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags );
         }
 
-        UNLOCK;
         return( kIOReturnSuccess );
     }
 
-    physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( sourceOffset, &segLen );
+    physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( sourceOffset, &segLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone );
     assert( physAddr );
-    pageOffset = physAddr - trunc_page( physAddr );
+    pageOffset = physAddr - trunc_page_64( physAddr );
+    pagerOffset = sourceOffset;
 
     size = length + pageOffset;
     physAddr -= pageOffset;
 
     segLen += pageOffset;
     bytes = size;
-    do {
+    do
+    {
        // in the middle of the loop only map whole pages
        if( segLen >= bytes)
            segLen = bytes;
        else if( segLen != trunc_page( segLen))
            err = kIOReturnVMError;
-        if( physAddr != trunc_page( physAddr))
+        if( physAddr != trunc_page_64( physAddr))
            err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess != err)
+           break;
 
-#ifdef DEBUG
+#if DEBUG
        if( kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
-           IOLog("_IOMemoryMap::map(%p) %08lx->%08lx:%08lx\n",
+           IOLog("IOMemoryMap::map(%p) 0x%qx->0x%qx:0x%qx\n",
                 addressMap, address + pageOffset, physAddr + pageOffset,
                segLen - pageOffset);
 #endif
 
-       if( addressMap && (kIOReturnSuccess == err))
-            err = IOMapPages( addressMap, address, physAddr, segLen, options );
-        assert( KERN_SUCCESS == err );
-       if( err)
-           break;
 
         if( pager) {
             if( reserved && reserved->pagerContig) {
                 IOPhysicalLength       allLen;
-                IOPhysicalAddress      allPhys;
+                addr64_t               allPhys;
 
-                allPhys = getPhysicalSegment( 0, &allLen );
+                allPhys = getPhysicalSegment( 0, &allLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone );
                 assert( allPhys );
-                err = device_pager_populate_object( pager, 0, trunc_page(allPhys), round_page(allPhys + allLen) );
-
-            } else {
+               err = device_pager_populate_object( pager, 0, atop_64(allPhys), round_page(allLen) );
+            }
+           else
+           {
 
-                for( page = 0;
+               for( page = 0;
                      (page < segLen) && (KERN_SUCCESS == err);
-                     page += page_size) {
-                        err = device_pager_populate_object( pager, sourceOffset + page,
-                                                            physAddr + page, page_size );
+                     page += page_size)
+               {
+                   err = device_pager_populate_object(pager, pagerOffset,
+                           (ppnum_t)(atop_64(physAddr + page)), page_size);
+                   pagerOffset += page_size;
                 }
             }
             assert( KERN_SUCCESS == err );
             if( err)
                 break;
         }
+
+       // This call to vm_fault causes an early pmap level resolution
+       // of the mappings created above for kernel mappings, since
+       // faulting in later can't take place from interrupt level.
+       /*  *** ALERT *** */
+       /*  *** Temporary Workaround *** */
+
+       if ((addressMap == kernel_map) && !(kIOMemoryRedirected & _flags))
+       {
+               vm_fault(addressMap, 
+                        (vm_map_offset_t)address, 
+                        VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE, 
+                        FALSE, THREAD_UNINT, NULL, 
+                        (vm_map_offset_t)0);
+       }
+
+       /*  *** Temporary Workaround *** */
+       /*  *** ALERT *** */
+
        sourceOffset += segLen - pageOffset;
        address += segLen;
        bytes -= segLen;
        pageOffset = 0;
 
-    } while( bytes
-       && (physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( sourceOffset, &segLen )));
+    } 
+    while (bytes && (physAddr = getPhysicalSegment( sourceOffset, &segLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone )));
 
-    ifbytes)
+    if (bytes)
         err = kIOReturnBadArgument;
 
-    return( err );
+    return (err);
 }
 
 IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::doUnmap(
        vm_map_t                addressMap,
-       IOVirtualAddress        logical,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+       IOVirtualAddress        __address,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
 {
-    IOReturn   err;
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-    if( kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
-       kprintf("IOMemoryDescriptor::doUnmap(%x) %08x:%08x\n",
-                addressMap, logical, length );
-#endif
+    IOReturn         err;
+    mach_vm_address_t address;
+    mach_vm_size_t    length;
 
-    if( (addressMap == kernel_map) || (addressMap == get_task_map(current_task()))) {
+    if (__length)
+    {
+       address = __address;
+       length  = __length;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       addressMap = ((IOMemoryMap *) __address)->fAddressMap;
+       address    = ((IOMemoryMap *) __address)->fAddress;
+       length     = ((IOMemoryMap *) __address)->fLength;
+    }
 
-        if( _memEntry && (addressMap == kernel_map) && (kIOMemoryRequiresWire & _flags))
-            addressMap = IOPageableMapForAddress( logical );
+    if ((addressMap == kernel_map) 
+        && ((kIOMemoryBufferPageable & _flags) || !_memEntry))
+       addressMap = IOPageableMapForAddress( address );
 
-        err = vm_deallocate( addressMap, logical, length );
+#if DEBUG
+    if( kIOLogMapping & gIOKitDebug)
+       IOLog("IOMemoryDescriptor::doUnmap map %p, 0x%qx:0x%qx\n",
+               addressMap, address, length );
+#endif
 
-    } else
-        err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    err = mach_vm_deallocate( addressMap, address, length );
 
-    return( err );
+    return (err);
 }
 
-IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool redirect )
+IOReturn IOMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
 {
-    IOReturn           err;
-    _IOMemoryMap *     mapping = 0;
+    IOReturn           err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    IOMemoryMap *      mapping = 0;
     OSIterator *       iter;
 
     LOCK;
 
+    if( doRedirect)
+        _flags |= kIOMemoryRedirected;
+    else
+        _flags &= ~kIOMemoryRedirected;
+
     do {
        if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection( _mappings))) {
-            while( (mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject()))
-                mapping->redirect( safeTask, redirect );
+           while( (mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject()))
+               mapping->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
 
-            iter->release();
-        }
+           iter->release();
+       }
     } while( false );
 
-    if( redirect)
-        _flags |= kIOMemoryRedirected;
-    else {
-        _flags &= ~kIOMemoryRedirected;
-        thread_wakeup( (event_t) this);
+    if (!doRedirect)
+    {
+        WAKEUP;
     }
 
     UNLOCK;
 
+#ifndef __LP64__
     // temporary binary compatibility
     IOSubMemoryDescriptor * subMem;
     if( (subMem = OSDynamicCast( IOSubMemoryDescriptor, this)))
-        err = subMem->redirect( safeTask, redirect );
+       err = subMem->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
     else
-        err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+       err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
     return( err );
 }
 
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool redirect )
-{
-    return( _parent->redirect( safeTask, redirect ));
-}
-
-IOReturn _IOMemoryMap::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool redirect )
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::redirect( task_t safeTask, bool doRedirect )
 {
     IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-    if( superMap) {
-//        err = ((_IOMemoryMap *)superMap)->redirect( safeTask, redirect );
+    if( fSuperMap) {
+//        err = ((IOMemoryMap *)superMap)->redirect( safeTask, doRedirect );
     } else {
 
         LOCK;
-        if( logical && addressMap
-        && (get_task_map( safeTask) != addressMap)
-        && (0 == (options & kIOMapStatic))) {
-    
-            IOUnmapPages( addressMap, logical, length );
-            if( !redirect) {
-                err = vm_deallocate( addressMap, logical, length );
-                err = memory->doMap( addressMap, &logical,
-                                     (options & ~kIOMapAnywhere) /*| kIOMapReserve*/,
-                                     offset, length );
-            } else
-                err = kIOReturnSuccess;
-#ifdef DEBUG
-            IOLog("IOMemoryMap::redirect(%d, %x) %x from %p\n", redirect, err, logical, addressMap);
+
+       do
+       {
+           if (!fAddress)
+               break;
+           if (!fAddressMap)
+               break;
+
+           if ((!safeTask || (get_task_map(safeTask) != fAddressMap))
+             && (0 == (fOptions & kIOMapStatic)))
+           {
+               IOUnmapPages( fAddressMap, fAddress, fLength );
+               err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+#if DEBUG
+               IOLog("IOMemoryMap::redirect(%d, %p) 0x%qx:0x%qx from %p\n", doRedirect, this, fAddress, fLength, fAddressMap);
 #endif
-        }
-        UNLOCK;
+           }
+           else if (kIOMapWriteCombineCache == (fOptions & kIOMapCacheMask))
+           {
+               IOOptionBits newMode;
+               newMode = (fOptions & ~kIOMapCacheMask) | (doRedirect ? kIOMapInhibitCache : kIOMapWriteCombineCache);
+               IOProtectCacheMode(fAddressMap, fAddress, fLength, newMode);
+           }
+       }
+       while (false);
+       UNLOCK;
     }
 
+    if ((((fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
+        || ((fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
+     && safeTask
+     && (doRedirect != (0 != (fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryRedirected))))
+       fMemory->redirect(safeTask, doRedirect);
+
     return( err );
 }
 
-IOReturn _IOMemoryMap::unmap( void )
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::unmap( void )
 {
     IOReturn   err;
 
     LOCK;
 
-    if( logical && addressMap && (0 == superMap)
-       && (0 == (options & kIOMapStatic))) {
+    if( fAddress && fAddressMap && (0 == fSuperMap) && fMemory
+       && (0 == (fOptions & kIOMapStatic))) {
 
-        err = memory->doUnmap( addressMap, logical, length );
-        vm_map_deallocate(addressMap);
-        addressMap = 0;
+        err = fMemory->doUnmap(fAddressMap, (IOVirtualAddress) this, 0);
 
     } else
        err = kIOReturnSuccess;
 
-    logical = 0;
+    if (fAddressMap)
+    {
+        vm_map_deallocate(fAddressMap);
+        fAddressMap = 0;
+    }
+
+    fAddress = 0;
 
     UNLOCK;
 
     return( err );
 }
 
-void _IOMemoryMap::taskDied( void )
+void IOMemoryMap::taskDied( void )
 {
     LOCK;
-    if( addressMap) {
-        vm_map_deallocate(addressMap);
-        addressMap = 0;
+    if (fUserClientUnmap)
+       unmap();
+    if( fAddressMap) {
+        vm_map_deallocate(fAddressMap);
+        fAddressMap = 0;
     }
-    addressTask        = 0;
-    logical    = 0;
+    fAddressTask = 0;
+    fAddress    = 0;
+    UNLOCK;
+}
+
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::userClientUnmap( void )
+{
+    fUserClientUnmap = true;
+    return (kIOReturnSuccess);
+}
+
+// Overload the release mechanism.  All mappings must be a member
+// of a memory descriptors _mappings set.  This means that we
+// always have 2 references on a mapping.  When either of these mappings
+// are released we need to free ourselves.
+void IOMemoryMap::taggedRelease(const void *tag) const
+{
+    LOCK;
+    super::taggedRelease(tag, 2);
     UNLOCK;
 }
 
-void _IOMemoryMap::free()
+void IOMemoryMap::free()
 {
     unmap();
 
-    if( memory) {
+    if (fMemory)
+    {
+        LOCK;
+       fMemory->removeMapping(this);
+       UNLOCK;
+       fMemory->release();
+    }
+
+    if (fOwner && (fOwner != fMemory))
+    {
         LOCK;
-       memory->removeMapping( this);
+       fOwner->removeMapping(this);
        UNLOCK;
-       memory->release();
     }
 
-    if( superMap)
-       superMap->release();
+    if (fSuperMap)
+       fSuperMap->release();
+
+    if (fRedirUPL) {
+       upl_commit(fRedirUPL, NULL, 0);
+       upl_deallocate(fRedirUPL);
+    }
 
     super::free();
 }
 
-IOByteCount _IOMemoryMap::getLength()
+IOByteCount IOMemoryMap::getLength()
+{
+    return( fLength );
+}
+
+IOVirtualAddress IOMemoryMap::getVirtualAddress()
+{
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (fSuperMap)
+       fSuperMap->getVirtualAddress();
+    else if (fAddressMap 
+               && vm_map_is_64bit(fAddressMap)
+               && (sizeof(IOVirtualAddress) < 8))
+    {
+       OSReportWithBacktrace("IOMemoryMap::getVirtualAddress(0x%qx) called on 64b map; use ::getAddress()", fAddress);
+    }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+    return (fAddress);
+}
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
+mach_vm_address_t      IOMemoryMap::getAddress()
 {
-    return( length );
+    return( fAddress);
 }
 
-IOVirtualAddress _IOMemoryMap::getVirtualAddress()
+mach_vm_size_t         IOMemoryMap::getSize()
 {
-    return( logical);
+    return( fLength );
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
 
-task_t _IOMemoryMap::getAddressTask()
+task_t IOMemoryMap::getAddressTask()
 {
-    if( superMap)
-       return( superMap->getAddressTask());
+    if( fSuperMap)
+       return( fSuperMap->getAddressTask());
     else
-        return( addressTask);
+        return( fAddressTask);
 }
 
-IOOptionBits _IOMemoryMap::getMapOptions()
+IOOptionBits IOMemoryMap::getMapOptions()
 {
-    return( options);
+    return( fOptions);
 }
 
-IOMemoryDescriptor * _IOMemoryMap::getMemoryDescriptor()
+IOMemoryDescriptor * IOMemoryMap::getMemoryDescriptor()
 {
-    return( memory );
+    return( fMemory );
 }
 
-_IOMemoryMap * _IOMemoryMap::isCompatible(
-               IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
-                task_t                 task,
-                IOVirtualAddress       toAddress,
-                IOOptionBits           _options,
-                IOByteCount            _offset,
-                IOByteCount            _length )
+IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryMap::copyCompatible(
+               IOMemoryMap * newMapping )
 {
-    _IOMemoryMap * mapping;
+    task_t             task      = newMapping->getAddressTask();
+    mach_vm_address_t  toAddress = newMapping->fAddress;
+    IOOptionBits       _options  = newMapping->fOptions;
+    mach_vm_size_t     _offset   = newMapping->fOffset;
+    mach_vm_size_t     _length   = newMapping->fLength;
 
-    if( (!task) || (task != getAddressTask()))
+    if( (!task) || (!fAddressMap) || (fAddressMap != get_task_map(task)))
        return( 0 );
-    if( (options ^ _options) & (kIOMapCacheMask | kIOMapReadOnly))
+    if( (fOptions ^ _options) & kIOMapReadOnly)
+       return( 0 );
+    if( (kIOMapDefaultCache != (_options & kIOMapCacheMask)) 
+     && ((fOptions ^ _options) & kIOMapCacheMask))
        return( 0 );
 
-    if( (0 == (_options & kIOMapAnywhere)) && (logical != toAddress))
+    if( (0 == (_options & kIOMapAnywhere)) && (fAddress != toAddress))
        return( 0 );
 
-    if( _offset < offset)
+    if( _offset < fOffset)
        return( 0 );
 
-    _offset -= offset;
+    _offset -= fOffset;
 
-    if( (_offset + _length) > length)
+    if( (_offset + _length) > fLength)
        return( 0 );
 
-    if( (length == _length) && (!_offset)) {
-        retain();
-       mapping = this;
-
-    } else {
-        mapping = new _IOMemoryMap;
-        if( mapping
-        && !mapping->init( owner, this, _offset, _length )) {
-            mapping->release();
-            mapping = 0;
-        }
+    retain();
+    if( (fLength == _length) && (!_offset))
+    {
+       newMapping->release();
+       newMapping = this;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       newMapping->fSuperMap = this;
+       newMapping->fOffset   = _offset;
+       newMapping->fAddress  = fAddress + _offset;
     }
 
-    return( mapping );
+    return( newMapping );
 }
 
-IOPhysicalAddress _IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount _offset,
-                                                   IOPhysicalLength * length)
+IOPhysicalAddress 
+#ifdef __LP64__
+IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount _offset, IOPhysicalLength * _length, IOOptionBits _options)
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+IOMemoryMap::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount _offset, IOPhysicalLength * _length)
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 {
     IOPhysicalAddress  address;
 
     LOCK;
-    address = memory->getPhysicalSegment( offset + _offset, length );
+#ifdef __LP64__
+    address = fMemory->getPhysicalSegment( fOffset + _offset, _length, _options );
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+    address = fMemory->getPhysicalSegment( fOffset + _offset, _length );
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
     UNLOCK;
 
     return( address );
@@ -1822,6 +3317,10 @@ void IOMemoryDescriptor::initialize( void )
 {
     if( 0 == gIOMemoryLock)
        gIOMemoryLock = IORecursiveLockAlloc();
+
+    IORegistryEntry::getRegistryRoot()->setProperty(kIOMaximumMappedIOByteCountKey,
+                                                   ptoa_64(gIOMaximumMappedIOPageCount), 64);
+    gIOLastPage = IOGetLastPageNumber();
 }
 
 void IOMemoryDescriptor::free( void )
@@ -1829,366 +3328,440 @@ void IOMemoryDescriptor::free( void )
     if( _mappings)
        _mappings->release();
 
-    if( reserved)
-        IODelete( reserved, ExpansionData, 1 );
-
     super::free();
 }
 
 IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::setMapping(
        task_t                  intoTask,
        IOVirtualAddress        mapAddress,
-       IOOptionBits            options = 0 )
+       IOOptionBits            options )
 {
-    _IOMemoryMap *             map;
-
-    map = new _IOMemoryMap;
-
-    LOCK;
-
-    if( map
-     && !map->init( this, intoTask, mapAddress,
-                    options | kIOMapStatic, 0, getLength() )) {
-       map->release();
-       map = 0;
-    }
-
-    addMapping( map);
-
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( map);
+    return (createMappingInTask( intoTask, mapAddress,
+                                   options | kIOMapStatic,
+                                   0, getLength() ));
 }
 
 IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::map( 
-       IOOptionBits            options = 0 )
+       IOOptionBits            options )
 {
-
-    return( makeMapping( this, kernel_task, 0,
-                       options | kIOMapAnywhere,
-                       0, getLength() ));
+    return (createMappingInTask( kernel_task, 0,
+                               options | kIOMapAnywhere,
+                               0, getLength() ));
 }
 
-IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::map(
-       task_t                  intoTask,
-       IOVirtualAddress        toAddress,
+#ifndef __LP64__
+IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::map( 
+       task_t                  intoTask,
+       IOVirtualAddress        atAddress,
        IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             offset = 0,
-       IOByteCount             length = 0 )
+       IOByteCount             offset,
+       IOByteCount             length )
 {
-    if( 0 == length)
-       length = getLength();
+    if ((!(kIOMapAnywhere & options)) && vm_map_is_64bit(get_task_map(intoTask)))
+    {
+       OSReportWithBacktrace("IOMemoryDescriptor::map() in 64b task, use ::createMappingInTask()");
+       return (0);
+    }
 
-    return( makeMapping( this, intoTask, toAddress, options, offset, length ));
+    return (createMappingInTask(intoTask, atAddress,
+                               options, offset, length));
 }
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
-IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::makeMapping(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
+IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::createMappingInTask(
        task_t                  intoTask,
-       IOVirtualAddress        toAddress,
+       mach_vm_address_t       atAddress,
        IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             offset,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+       mach_vm_size_t          offset,
+       mach_vm_size_t          length)
 {
-    _IOMemoryMap *     mapping = 0;
-    OSIterator *       iter;
-
-    LOCK;
-
-    do {
-       // look for an existing mapping
-       if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection( _mappings))) {
-
-            while( (mapping = (_IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject())) {
-
-               if( (mapping = mapping->isCompatible( 
-                                       owner, intoTask, toAddress,
-                                       options | kIOMapReference,
-                                       offset, length )))
-                   break;
-            }
-            iter->release();
-            if( mapping)
-                continue;
-        }
-
-
-       if( mapping || (options & kIOMapReference))
-           continue;
-
-       owner = this;
-
-        mapping = new _IOMemoryMap;
-       if( mapping
-       && !mapping->init( owner, intoTask, toAddress, options,
-                          offset, length )) {
-
-           IOLog("Didn't make map %08lx : %08lx\n", offset, length );
-           mapping->release();
-            mapping = 0;
-       }
-
-    } while( false );
-
-    owner->addMapping( mapping);
-
-    UNLOCK;
+    IOMemoryMap * result;
+    IOMemoryMap * mapping;
 
-    return( mapping);
-}
+    if (0 == length)
+       length = getLength();
 
-void IOMemoryDescriptor::addMapping(
-       IOMemoryMap * mapping )
-{
-    if( mapping) {
-        if( 0 == _mappings)
-            _mappings = OSSet::withCapacity(1);
-       if( _mappings && _mappings->setObject( mapping ))
-           mapping->release();         /* really */
-    }
-}
+    mapping = new IOMemoryMap;
 
-void IOMemoryDescriptor::removeMapping(
-       IOMemoryMap * mapping )
-{
-    if( _mappings) {
-        mapping->retain();
-        mapping->retain();
-        _mappings->removeObject( mapping);
+    if( mapping
+     && !mapping->init( intoTask, atAddress,
+                       options, offset, length )) {
+       mapping->release();
+       mapping = 0;
     }
-}
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-#undef super
-#define super IOMemoryDescriptor
-
-OSDefineMetaClassAndStructors(IOSubMemoryDescriptor, IOMemoryDescriptor)
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-bool IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initSubRange( IOMemoryDescriptor * parent,
-                                       IOByteCount offset, IOByteCount length,
-                                       IODirection withDirection )
-{
-    if( !super::init())
-       return( false );
-
-    if( !parent)
-       return( false);
-
-    if( (offset + length) > parent->getLength())
-       return( false);
+    if (mapping)
+       result = makeMapping(this, intoTask, (IOVirtualAddress) mapping, options | kIOMap64Bit, 0, 0);
+    else
+       result = 0;
 
-    parent->retain();
-    _parent    = parent;
-    _start     = offset;
-    _length    = length;
-    _direction  = withDirection;
-    _tag       = parent->getTag();
+#if DEBUG
+    if (!result)
+       IOLog("createMappingInTask failed desc %p, addr %qx, options %lx, offset %qx, length %qx\n",
+                   this, atAddress, options, offset, length);
+#endif
 
-    return( true );
+    return (result);
 }
 
-void IOSubMemoryDescriptor::free( void )
+#ifndef __LP64__ // there is only a 64 bit version for LP64
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
+                               IOOptionBits         options,
+                               IOByteCount          offset)
 {
-    if( _parent)
-       _parent->release();
-
-    super::free();
+    return (redirect(newBackingMemory, options, (mach_vm_size_t)offset));
 }
+#endif
 
-
-IOPhysicalAddress IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalSegment( IOByteCount offset,
-                                                       IOByteCount * length )
+IOReturn IOMemoryMap::redirect(IOMemoryDescriptor * newBackingMemory,
+                               IOOptionBits         options,
+                               mach_vm_size_t       offset)
 {
-    IOPhysicalAddress  address;
-    IOByteCount                actualLength;
-
-    assert(offset <= _length);
-
-    if( length)
-        *length = 0;
-
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
-
-    address = _parent->getPhysicalSegment( offset + _start, &actualLength );
-
-    if( address && length)
-       *length = min( _length - offset, actualLength );
-
-    return( address );
-}
+    IOReturn err = kIOReturnSuccess;
+    IOMemoryDescriptor * physMem = 0;
 
-IOPhysicalAddress IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getSourceSegment( IOByteCount offset,
-                                                          IOByteCount * length )
-{
-    IOPhysicalAddress  address;
-    IOByteCount                actualLength;
+    LOCK;
 
-    assert(offset <= _length);
+    if (fAddress && fAddressMap) do 
+    {
+       if (((fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
+           || ((fMemory->_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
+       {
+           physMem = fMemory;
+           physMem->retain();
+       }
 
-    if( length)
-        *length = 0;
+       if (!fRedirUPL)
+       {
+           vm_size_t size = round_page(fLength);
+           int flags = UPL_COPYOUT_FROM | UPL_SET_INTERNAL 
+                       | UPL_SET_LITE | UPL_SET_IO_WIRE | UPL_BLOCK_ACCESS;
+           if (KERN_SUCCESS != memory_object_iopl_request((ipc_port_t) fMemory->_memEntry, 0, &size, &fRedirUPL,
+                                           NULL, NULL,
+                                           &flags))
+               fRedirUPL = 0;
+
+           if (physMem)
+           {
+               IOUnmapPages( fAddressMap, fAddress, fLength );
+               if (false)
+                   physMem->redirect(0, true);
+           }
+       }
 
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
+       if (newBackingMemory)
+       {
+           if (newBackingMemory != fMemory)
+           {
+               fOffset = 0;
+               if (this != newBackingMemory->makeMapping(newBackingMemory, fAddressTask, (IOVirtualAddress) this, 
+                                                           options | kIOMapUnique | kIOMapReference | kIOMap64Bit,
+                                                           offset, fLength))
+                   err = kIOReturnError;
+           }
+           if (fRedirUPL)
+           {
+               upl_commit(fRedirUPL, NULL, 0);
+               upl_deallocate(fRedirUPL);
+               fRedirUPL = 0;
+           }
+           if (false && physMem)
+               physMem->redirect(0, false);
+       }
+    }
+    while (false);
 
-    address = _parent->getSourceSegment( offset + _start, &actualLength );
+    UNLOCK;
 
-    if( address && length)
-       *length = min( _length - offset, actualLength );
+    if (physMem)
+       physMem->release();
 
-    return( address );
+    return (err);
 }
 
-void * IOSubMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
-                                       IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
+IOMemoryMap * IOMemoryDescriptor::makeMapping(
+       IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
+       task_t                  __intoTask,
+       IOVirtualAddress        __address,
+       IOOptionBits            options,
+       IOByteCount             __offset,
+       IOByteCount             __length )
 {
-    return( 0 );
-}
+#ifndef __LP64__
+    if (!(kIOMap64Bit & options)) panic("IOMemoryDescriptor::makeMapping !64bit");
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 
-IOByteCount IOSubMemoryDescriptor::readBytes(IOByteCount offset,
-                                       void * bytes, IOByteCount withLength)
-{
-    IOByteCount        byteCount;
+    IOMemoryDescriptor * mapDesc = 0;
+    IOMemoryMap *       result = 0;
+    OSIterator *        iter;
 
-    assert(offset <= _length);
+    IOMemoryMap *  mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) __address;
+    mach_vm_size_t offset  = mapping->fOffset + __offset;
+    mach_vm_size_t length  = mapping->fLength;
 
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
+    mapping->fOffset = offset;
 
     LOCK;
-    byteCount = _parent->readBytes( _start + offset, bytes,
-                               min(withLength, _length - offset) );
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( byteCount );
-}
-
-IOByteCount IOSubMemoryDescriptor::writeBytes(IOByteCount offset,
-                               const void* bytes, IOByteCount withLength)
-{
-    IOByteCount        byteCount;
 
-    assert(offset <= _length);
+    do
+    {
+       if (kIOMapStatic & options)
+       {
+           result = mapping;
+           addMapping(mapping);
+           mapping->setMemoryDescriptor(this, 0);
+           continue;
+       }
 
-    if( offset >= _length)
-        return( 0 );
+       if (kIOMapUnique & options)
+       {
+           IOPhysicalAddress phys;
+           IOByteCount       physLen;
 
-    LOCK;
-    byteCount = _parent->writeBytes( _start + offset, bytes,
-                               min(withLength, _length - offset) );
-    UNLOCK;
+//         if (owner != this)          continue;
 
-    return( byteCount );
-}
+           if (((_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical)
+               || ((_flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask) == kIOMemoryTypePhysical64))
+           {
+               phys = getPhysicalSegment(offset, &physLen, kIOMemoryMapperNone);
+               if (!phys || (physLen < length))
+                   continue;
+    
+               mapDesc = IOMemoryDescriptor::withAddressRange(
+                               phys, length, getDirection() | kIOMemoryMapperNone, NULL);
+               if (!mapDesc)
+                   continue;
+               offset = 0;
+               mapping->fOffset = offset;
+           }
+       }
+       else
+       {
+           // look for a compatible existing mapping
+           if( (iter = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(_mappings)))
+           {
+               IOMemoryMap * lookMapping;
+               while ((lookMapping = (IOMemoryMap *) iter->getNextObject()))
+               {
+                   if ((result = lookMapping->copyCompatible(mapping)))
+                   {
+                       addMapping(result);
+                       result->setMemoryDescriptor(this, offset);
+                       break;
+                   }
+               }
+               iter->release();
+           }
+           if (result || (options & kIOMapReference))
+               continue;
+       }
 
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::prepare(
-               IODirection forDirection = kIODirectionNone)
-{
-    IOReturn   err;
+       if (!mapDesc)
+       {
+           mapDesc = this;
+           mapDesc->retain();
+       }
+       IOReturn
+       kr = mapDesc->doMap( 0, (IOVirtualAddress *) &mapping, options, 0, 0 );
+       if (kIOReturnSuccess == kr)
+       {
+           result = mapping;
+           mapDesc->addMapping(result);
+           result->setMemoryDescriptor(mapDesc, offset);
+       }
+       else
+       {
+           mapping->release();
+           mapping = NULL;
+       }
+    }
+    while( false );
 
-    LOCK;
-    err = _parent->prepare( forDirection);
     UNLOCK;
 
-    return( err );
+    if (mapDesc)
+       mapDesc->release();
+
+    return (result);
 }
 
-IOReturn IOSubMemoryDescriptor::complete(
-               IODirection forDirection = kIODirectionNone)
+void IOMemoryDescriptor::addMapping(
+       IOMemoryMap * mapping )
 {
-    IOReturn   err;
-
-    LOCK;
-    err = _parent->complete( forDirection);
-    UNLOCK;
-
-    return( err );
+    if( mapping)
+    {
+        if( 0 == _mappings)
+            _mappings = OSSet::withCapacity(1);
+       if( _mappings )
+           _mappings->setObject( mapping );
+    }
 }
 
-IOMemoryMap * IOSubMemoryDescriptor::makeMapping(
-       IOMemoryDescriptor *    owner,
-       task_t                  intoTask,
-       IOVirtualAddress        toAddress,
-       IOOptionBits            options,
-       IOByteCount             offset,
-       IOByteCount             length )
+void IOMemoryDescriptor::removeMapping(
+       IOMemoryMap * mapping )
 {
-    IOMemoryMap * mapping;
-
-     mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) _parent->makeMapping(
-                                       _parent, intoTask,
-                                       toAddress - (_start + offset),
-                                       options | kIOMapReference,
-                                       _start + offset, length );
-
-    if( !mapping)
-        mapping = (IOMemoryMap *) _parent->makeMapping(
-                                       _parent, intoTask,
-                                       toAddress,
-                                       options, _start + offset, length );
-
-    if( !mapping)
-       mapping = super::makeMapping( owner, intoTask, toAddress, options,
-                                       offset, length );
-
-    return( mapping );
+    if( _mappings)
+        _mappings->removeObject( mapping);
 }
 
-/* ick */
-
+#ifndef __LP64__
+// obsolete initializers
+// - initWithOptions is the designated initializer 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(void *      address,
-                                    IOByteCount   withLength,
-                                    IODirection withDirection)
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(void *      address,
+                                    IOByteCount   length,
+                                    IODirection direction)
 {
     return( false );
 }
 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(vm_address_t address,
-                                    IOByteCount    withLength,
-                                    IODirection  withDirection,
-                                    task_t       withTask)
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithAddress(IOVirtualAddress address,
+                                    IOByteCount    length,
+                                    IODirection  direction,
+                                    task_t       task)
 {
     return( false );
 }
 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalAddress(
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalAddress(
                                 IOPhysicalAddress      address,
-                                IOByteCount            withLength,
-                                IODirection            withDirection )
+                                IOByteCount            length,
+                                IODirection            direction )
 {
     return( false );
 }
 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithRanges(
                                        IOVirtualRange * ranges,
                                        UInt32           withCount,
-                                       IODirection      withDirection,
-                                       task_t           withTask,
-                                       bool             asReference = false)
+                                       IODirection      direction,
+                                       task_t           task,
+                                       bool             asReference)
 {
     return( false );
 }
 
 bool
-IOSubMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges( IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
+IOMemoryDescriptor::initWithPhysicalRanges(    IOPhysicalRange * ranges,
                                                UInt32           withCount,
-                                               IODirection      withDirection,
-                                               bool             asReference = false)
+                                               IODirection      direction,
+                                               bool             asReference)
 {
     return( false );
 }
 
+void * IOMemoryDescriptor::getVirtualSegment(IOByteCount offset,
+                                       IOByteCount * lengthOfSegment)
+{
+    return( 0 );
+}
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+bool IOGeneralMemoryDescriptor::serialize(OSSerialize * s) const
+{
+    OSSymbol const *keys[2];
+    OSObject *values[2];
+    struct SerData {
+       user_addr_t address;
+       user_size_t length;
+    } *vcopy;
+    unsigned int index, nRanges;
+    bool result;
+
+    IOOptionBits type = _flags & kIOMemoryTypeMask;
+
+    if (s == NULL) return false;
+    if (s->previouslySerialized(this)) return true;
+
+    // Pretend we are an array.
+    if (!s->addXMLStartTag(this, "array")) return false;
+
+    nRanges = _rangesCount;
+    vcopy = (SerData *) IOMalloc(sizeof(SerData) * nRanges);
+    if (vcopy == 0) return false;
+
+    keys[0] = OSSymbol::withCString("address");
+    keys[1] = OSSymbol::withCString("length");
+
+    result = false;
+    values[0] = values[1] = 0;
+
+    // From this point on we can go to bail.
+
+    // Copy the volatile data so we don't have to allocate memory
+    // while the lock is held.
+    LOCK;
+    if (nRanges == _rangesCount) {
+       Ranges vec = _ranges;
+        for (index = 0; index < nRanges; index++) {
+           user_addr_t addr; IOByteCount len;
+           getAddrLenForInd(addr, len, type, vec, index);
+            vcopy[index].address = addr;
+            vcopy[index].length  = len;
+        }
+    } else {
+       // The descriptor changed out from under us.  Give up.
+        UNLOCK;
+       result = false;
+        goto bail;
+    }
+    UNLOCK;
+
+    for (index = 0; index < nRanges; index++)
+    {
+       user_addr_t addr = vcopy[index].address;
+       IOByteCount len = (IOByteCount) vcopy[index].length;
+       values[0] =
+           OSNumber::withNumber(addr, (((UInt64) addr) >> 32)? 64 : 32);
+       if (values[0] == 0) {
+         result = false;
+         goto bail;
+       }
+       values[1] = OSNumber::withNumber(len, sizeof(len) * 8);
+       if (values[1] == 0) {
+         result = false;
+         goto bail;
+       }
+        OSDictionary *dict = OSDictionary::withObjects((const OSObject **)values, (const OSSymbol **)keys, 2);
+       if (dict == 0) {
+         result = false;
+         goto bail;
+       }
+       values[0]->release();
+       values[1]->release();
+       values[0] = values[1] = 0;
+
+       result = dict->serialize(s);
+       dict->release();
+       if (!result) {
+         goto bail;
+       }
+    }
+    result = s->addXMLEndTag("array");
+
+ bail:
+    if (values[0])
+      values[0]->release();
+    if (values[1])
+      values[1]->release();
+    if (keys[0])
+      keys[0]->release();
+    if (keys[1])
+      keys[1]->release();
+    if (vcopy)
+        IOFree(vcopy, sizeof(SerData) * nRanges);
+    return result;
+}
+
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 0);
+#ifdef __LP64__
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 1);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 2);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 3);
@@ -2196,6 +3769,15 @@ OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 4);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 5);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 6);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 7);
+#else /* !__LP64__ */
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 1);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 2);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 3);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 4);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 5);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 6);
+OSMetaClassDefineReservedUsed(IOMemoryDescriptor, 7);
+#endif /* !__LP64__ */
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 8);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 9);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 10);
@@ -2204,3 +3786,11 @@ OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 12);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 13);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 14);
 OSMetaClassDefineReservedUnused(IOMemoryDescriptor, 15);
+
+/* ex-inline function implementation */
+IOPhysicalAddress 
+IOMemoryDescriptor::getPhysicalAddress()
+        { return( getPhysicalSegment( 0, 0 )); }
+
+
+