]> git.saurik.com Git - apple/xnu.git/blobdiff - osfmk/vm/vm_map.c
xnu-7195.101.1.tar.gz
[apple/xnu.git] / osfmk / vm / vm_map.c
index 64ef466b68747371bd67f13544967268baf0bd6d..abe95ed4aae67686ace630dbd9f097fbcbfbb62b 100644 (file)
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2000-2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2000-2020 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
- * 
+ *
  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
  * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
  * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
  * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
- * 
+ *
  * Please obtain a copy of the License at
  * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
- * 
+ *
  * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
  * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
  * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
  * limitations under the License.
- * 
+ *
  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
  */
 /*
  * @OSF_COPYRIGHT@
  */
-/* 
+/*
  * Mach Operating System
  * Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989,1988,1987 Carnegie Mellon University
  * All Rights Reserved.
- * 
+ *
  * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
  * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
  * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
  * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
  * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
- * 
+ *
  * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
  * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
  * ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- * 
+ *
  * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
- * 
+ *
  *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
  *  School of Computer Science
  *  Carnegie Mellon University
  *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
- * 
+ *
  * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
  * the rights to redistribute these changes.
  */
  *     Virtual memory mapping module.
  */
 
-#include <task_swapper.h>
 #include <mach_assert.h>
+
+#include <vm/vm_options.h>
+
 #include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
 
 #include <mach/kern_return.h>
 #include <mach/sdt.h>
 
 #include <kern/assert.h>
-#include <kern/counters.h>
+#include <kern/backtrace.h>
+#include <kern/counter.h>
+#include <kern/exc_guard.h>
 #include <kern/kalloc.h>
-#include <kern/zalloc.h>
+#include <kern/zalloc_internal.h>
 
 #include <vm/cpm.h>
+#include <vm/vm_compressor.h>
+#include <vm/vm_compressor_pager.h>
 #include <vm/vm_init.h>
 #include <vm/vm_fault.h>
 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
+#include <vm/pmap.h>
 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
 #include <ipc/ipc_port.h>
 #include <kern/sched_prim.h>
 #include <kern/misc_protos.h>
-#include <machine/db_machdep.h>
-#include <kern/xpr.h>
 
 #include <mach/vm_map_server.h>
 #include <mach/mach_host_server.h>
 #include <vm/vm_protos.h>
 #include <vm/vm_purgeable_internal.h>
 
-#ifdef ppc
-#include <ppc/mappings.h>
-#endif /* ppc */
-
 #include <vm/vm_protos.h>
 #include <vm/vm_shared_region.h>
+#include <vm/vm_map_store.h>
+
+#include <san/kasan.h>
+
+#include <sys/codesign.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include <libkern/section_keywords.h>
+#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
+extern int proc_selfcsflags(void);
+int panic_on_unsigned_execute = 0;
+#endif /* DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG */
 
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+int debug4k_filter = 0;
+char debug4k_proc_name[1024] = "";
+int debug4k_proc_filter = (int)-1 & ~(1 << __DEBUG4K_FAULT);
+int debug4k_panic_on_misaligned_sharing = 0;
+const char *debug4k_category_name[] = {
+       "error",        /* 0 */
+       "life",         /* 1 */
+       "load",         /* 2 */
+       "fault",        /* 3 */
+       "copy",         /* 4 */
+       "share",        /* 5 */
+       "adjust",       /* 6 */
+       "pmap",         /* 7 */
+       "mementry",     /* 8 */
+       "iokit",        /* 9 */
+       "upl",          /* 10 */
+       "exc",          /* 11 */
+       "vfs"           /* 12 */
+};
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
+int debug4k_no_cow_copyin = 0;
+
+
+#if __arm64__
+extern const int fourk_binary_compatibility_unsafe;
+extern const int fourk_binary_compatibility_allow_wx;
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+extern int proc_selfpid(void);
+extern char *proc_name_address(void *p);
+
+#if VM_MAP_DEBUG_APPLE_PROTECT
+int vm_map_debug_apple_protect = 0;
+#endif /* VM_MAP_DEBUG_APPLE_PROTECT */
+#if VM_MAP_DEBUG_FOURK
+int vm_map_debug_fourk = 0;
+#endif /* VM_MAP_DEBUG_FOURK */
+
+SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(int) vm_map_executable_immutable = 1;
+int vm_map_executable_immutable_verbose = 0;
+
+os_refgrp_decl(static, map_refgrp, "vm_map", NULL);
+
+extern u_int32_t random(void);  /* from <libkern/libkern.h> */
 /* Internal prototypes
  */
 
 static void vm_map_simplify_range(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end);   /* forward */
-
-static boolean_t       vm_map_range_check(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end,
-       vm_map_entry_t  *entry);
-
-static vm_map_entry_t  _vm_map_entry_create(
-       struct vm_map_header    *map_header);
-
-static void            _vm_map_entry_dispose(
-       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry);
-
-static void            vm_map_pmap_enter(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         addr,
-       vm_map_offset_t         end_addr,
-       vm_object_t             object,
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
-       vm_prot_t               protection);
-
-static void            _vm_map_clip_end(
-       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry,
-       vm_map_offset_t         end);
-
-static void            _vm_map_clip_start(
-       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry,
-       vm_map_offset_t         start);
-
-static void            vm_map_entry_delete(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_delete(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end,
-       int             flags,
-       vm_map_t        zap_map);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
-       vm_map_t        dst_map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
-       vm_map_address_t start);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
-       vm_map_t        dst_map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry,
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
+       vm_map_t        map,
        vm_map_offset_t start,
-       pmap_t          pmap);
+       vm_map_offset_t end);   /* forward */
 
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_copyin_kernel_buffer(
-       vm_map_t        src_map,
+static boolean_t        vm_map_range_check(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       vm_map_entry_t  *entry);
+
+static vm_map_entry_t   _vm_map_entry_create(
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header, boolean_t map_locked);
+
+static void             _vm_map_entry_dispose(
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry);
+
+static void             vm_map_pmap_enter(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         addr,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end_addr,
+       vm_object_t             object,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       vm_prot_t               protection);
+
+static void             _vm_map_clip_end(
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end);
+
+static void             _vm_map_clip_start(
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start);
+
+static void             vm_map_entry_delete(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_delete(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       int             flags,
+       vm_map_t        zap_map);
+
+static void             vm_map_copy_insert(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  after_where,
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
+       vm_map_t        dst_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
+       vm_map_address_t start,
+       boolean_t       discard_on_success);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
+       vm_map_t        dst_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry,
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       pmap_t          pmap);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_copyin_kernel_buffer(
+       vm_map_t        src_map,
        vm_map_address_t src_addr,
-       vm_map_size_t   len,
-       boolean_t       src_destroy,
-       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result);  /* OUT */
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_address_t *addr, /* IN/OUT */
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
-       boolean_t       overwrite);
-
-static void            vm_map_fork_share(
-       vm_map_t        old_map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  old_entry,
-       vm_map_t        new_map);
-
-static boolean_t       vm_map_fork_copy(
-       vm_map_t        old_map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  *old_entry_p,
-       vm_map_t        new_map);
-
-void           vm_map_region_top_walk(
-       vm_map_entry_t             entry,
-       vm_region_top_info_t       top);
-
-void           vm_map_region_walk(
-       vm_map_t                   map,
-       vm_map_offset_t            va,
-       vm_map_entry_t             entry,
-       vm_object_offset_t         offset,
-       vm_object_size_t           range,
-       vm_region_extended_info_t  extended,
-       boolean_t                  look_for_pages);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_wire_nested(
-       vm_map_t                   map,
-       vm_map_offset_t            start,
-       vm_map_offset_t            end,
-       vm_prot_t                  access_type,
-       boolean_t                  user_wire,
-       pmap_t                     map_pmap, 
-       vm_map_offset_t            pmap_addr);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_unwire_nested(
-       vm_map_t                   map,
-       vm_map_offset_t            start,
-       vm_map_offset_t            end,
-       boolean_t                  user_wire,
-       pmap_t                     map_pmap,
-       vm_map_offset_t            pmap_addr);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_overwrite_submap_recurse(
-       vm_map_t                   dst_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t            dst_addr,
-       vm_map_size_t              dst_size);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
-       vm_map_t                   dst_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t            dst_addr,
-       vm_map_copy_t              copy,
-       boolean_t                  interruptible,
-       pmap_t                     pmap);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_remap_extract(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         addr,
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       boolean_t               copy,
-       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
-       vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
-       vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
-       vm_inherit_t            inheritance,
-       boolean_t               pageable);
-
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_remap_range_allocate(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_address_t        *address,
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
-       boolean_t               anywhere,
-       vm_map_entry_t          *map_entry);
-
-static void            vm_map_region_look_for_page(
-       vm_map_t                   map,
+       vm_map_size_t   len,
+       boolean_t       src_destroy,
+       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result);  /* OUT */
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_address_t *addr, /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
+       vm_map_size_t   copy_size,
+       boolean_t       overwrite,
+       boolean_t       consume_on_success);
+
+static void             vm_map_fork_share(
+       vm_map_t        old_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  old_entry,
+       vm_map_t        new_map);
+
+static boolean_t        vm_map_fork_copy(
+       vm_map_t        old_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  *old_entry_p,
+       vm_map_t        new_map,
+       int             vm_map_copyin_flags);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_wire_nested(
+       vm_map_t                   map,
+       vm_map_offset_t            start,
+       vm_map_offset_t            end,
+       vm_prot_t                  caller_prot,
+       vm_tag_t                   tag,
+       boolean_t                  user_wire,
+       pmap_t                     map_pmap,
+       vm_map_offset_t            pmap_addr,
+       ppnum_t                    *physpage_p);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_unwire_nested(
+       vm_map_t                   map,
+       vm_map_offset_t            start,
+       vm_map_offset_t            end,
+       boolean_t                  user_wire,
+       pmap_t                     map_pmap,
+       vm_map_offset_t            pmap_addr);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_overwrite_submap_recurse(
+       vm_map_t                   dst_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t            dst_addr,
+       vm_map_size_t              dst_size);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
+       vm_map_t                   dst_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t            dst_addr,
+       vm_map_copy_t              copy,
+       boolean_t                  interruptible,
+       pmap_t                     pmap,
+       boolean_t                  discard_on_success);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_remap_extract(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         addr,
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       boolean_t               copy,
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
+       vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags);
+
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_remap_range_allocate(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_address_t        *address,
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       vm_map_entry_t          *map_entry);
+
+static void             vm_map_region_look_for_page(
+       vm_map_t                   map,
        vm_map_offset_t            va,
-       vm_object_t                object,
-       vm_object_offset_t         offset,
+       vm_object_t                object,
+       vm_object_offset_t         offset,
        int                        max_refcnt,
-       int                        depth,
-       vm_region_extended_info_t  extended);
+       unsigned short             depth,
+       vm_region_extended_info_t  extended,
+       mach_msg_type_number_t count);
+
+static int              vm_map_region_count_obj_refs(
+       vm_map_entry_t             entry,
+       vm_object_t                object);
+
 
-static int             vm_map_region_count_obj_refs(
-       vm_map_entry_t             entry,
-       vm_object_t                object);
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_willneed(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end);
 
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_reuse_pages(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end);
 
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_willneed(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end);
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_reusable_pages(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end);
 
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_reuse_pages(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end);
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_can_reuse(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end);
 
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_reusable_pages(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end);
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+static kern_return_t    vm_map_pageout(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end);
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
 
-static kern_return_t   vm_map_can_reuse(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end);
+kern_return_t vm_map_corpse_footprint_collect(
+       vm_map_t        old_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  old_entry,
+       vm_map_t        new_map);
+void vm_map_corpse_footprint_collect_done(
+       vm_map_t        new_map);
+void vm_map_corpse_footprint_destroy(
+       vm_map_t        map);
+kern_return_t vm_map_corpse_footprint_query_page_info(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t va,
+       int             *disposition_p);
+void vm_map_footprint_query_page_info(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  map_entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t curr_s_offset,
+       int             *disposition_p);
+
+static const struct vm_map_entry vm_map_entry_template = {
+       .behavior = VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT,
+       .inheritance = VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT,
+};
+
+pid_t find_largest_process_vm_map_entries(void);
 
 /*
  * Macros to copy a vm_map_entry. We must be careful to correctly
@@ -299,29 +390,168 @@ static kern_return_t     vm_map_can_reuse(
  * wire count; it's used for map splitting and zone changing in
  * vm_map_copyout.
  */
-#define vm_map_entry_copy(NEW,OLD) \
-MACRO_BEGIN                                     \
-       *(NEW) = *(OLD);                \
-       (NEW)->is_shared = FALSE;       \
-       (NEW)->needs_wakeup = FALSE;    \
-       (NEW)->in_transition = FALSE;   \
-       (NEW)->wired_count = 0;         \
-       (NEW)->user_wired_count = 0;    \
-       (NEW)->permanent = FALSE;       \
-MACRO_END
 
-#define vm_map_entry_copy_full(NEW,OLD)        (*(NEW) = *(OLD))
+static inline void
+vm_map_entry_copy_pmap_cs_assoc(
+       vm_map_t map __unused,
+       vm_map_entry_t new __unused,
+       vm_map_entry_t old __unused)
+{
+       /* when pmap_cs is not enabled, assert as a sanity check */
+       assert(new->pmap_cs_associated == FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The "used_for_jit" flag was copied from OLD to NEW in vm_map_entry_copy().
+ * But for security reasons on some platforms, we don't want the
+ * new mapping to be "used for jit", so we reset the flag here.
+ */
+static inline void
+vm_map_entry_copy_code_signing(
+       vm_map_t map,
+       vm_map_entry_t new,
+       vm_map_entry_t old __unused)
+{
+       if (VM_MAP_POLICY_ALLOW_JIT_COPY(map)) {
+               assert(new->used_for_jit == old->used_for_jit);
+       } else {
+               new->used_for_jit = FALSE;
+       }
+}
+
+static inline void
+vm_map_entry_copy(
+       vm_map_t map,
+       vm_map_entry_t new,
+       vm_map_entry_t old)
+{
+       boolean_t _vmec_reserved = new->from_reserved_zone;
+       *new = *old;
+       new->is_shared = FALSE;
+       new->needs_wakeup = FALSE;
+       new->in_transition = FALSE;
+       new->wired_count = 0;
+       new->user_wired_count = 0;
+       new->permanent = FALSE;
+       vm_map_entry_copy_code_signing(map, new, old);
+       vm_map_entry_copy_pmap_cs_assoc(map, new, old);
+       new->from_reserved_zone = _vmec_reserved;
+       if (new->iokit_acct) {
+               assertf(!new->use_pmap, "old %p new %p\n", old, new);
+               new->iokit_acct = FALSE;
+               new->use_pmap = TRUE;
+       }
+       new->vme_resilient_codesign = FALSE;
+       new->vme_resilient_media = FALSE;
+       new->vme_atomic = FALSE;
+       new->vme_no_copy_on_read = FALSE;
+}
+
+static inline void
+vm_map_entry_copy_full(
+       vm_map_entry_t new,
+       vm_map_entry_t old)
+{
+       boolean_t _vmecf_reserved = new->from_reserved_zone;
+       *new = *old;
+       new->from_reserved_zone = _vmecf_reserved;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Normal lock_read_to_write() returns FALSE/0 on failure.
+ * These functions evaluate to zero on success and non-zero value on failure.
+ */
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+int
+vm_map_lock_read_to_write(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       if (lck_rw_lock_shared_to_exclusive(&(map)->lock)) {
+               DTRACE_VM(vm_map_lock_upgrade);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       return 1;
+}
+
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+boolean_t
+vm_map_try_lock(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       if (lck_rw_try_lock_exclusive(&(map)->lock)) {
+               DTRACE_VM(vm_map_lock_w);
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+       return FALSE;
+}
+
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+boolean_t
+vm_map_try_lock_read(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       if (lck_rw_try_lock_shared(&(map)->lock)) {
+               DTRACE_VM(vm_map_lock_r);
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+       return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Routines to get the page size the caller should
+ * use while inspecting the target address space.
+ * Use the "_safely" variant if the caller is dealing with a user-provided
+ * array whose size depends on the page size, to avoid any overflow or
+ * underflow of a user-allocated buffer.
+ */
+int
+vm_self_region_page_shift_safely(
+       vm_map_t target_map)
+{
+       int effective_page_shift = 0;
+
+       if (PAGE_SIZE == (4096)) {
+               /* x86_64 and 4k watches: always use 4k */
+               return PAGE_SHIFT;
+       }
+       /* did caller provide an explicit page size for this thread to use? */
+       effective_page_shift = thread_self_region_page_shift();
+       if (effective_page_shift) {
+               /* use the explicitly-provided page size */
+               return effective_page_shift;
+       }
+       /* no explicit page size: use the caller's page size... */
+       effective_page_shift = VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(current_map());
+       if (effective_page_shift == VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map)) {
+               /* page size match: safe to use */
+               return effective_page_shift;
+       }
+       /* page size mismatch */
+       return -1;
+}
+int
+vm_self_region_page_shift(
+       vm_map_t target_map)
+{
+       int effective_page_shift;
+
+       effective_page_shift = vm_self_region_page_shift_safely(target_map);
+       if (effective_page_shift == -1) {
+               /* no safe value but OK to guess for caller */
+               effective_page_shift = MIN(VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(current_map()),
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map));
+       }
+       return effective_page_shift;
+}
+
 
 /*
  *     Decide if we want to allow processes to execute from their data or stack areas.
- *     override_nx() returns true if we do.  Data/stack execution can be enabled independently 
+ *     override_nx() returns true if we do.  Data/stack execution can be enabled independently
  *     for 32 and 64 bit processes.  Set the VM_ABI_32 or VM_ABI_64 flags in allow_data_exec
  *     or allow_stack_exec to enable data execution for that type of data area for that particular
  *     ABI (or both by or'ing the flags together).  These are initialized in the architecture
- *     specific pmap files since the default behavior varies according to architecture.  The 
- *     main reason it varies is because of the need to provide binary compatibility with old 
- *     applications that were written before these restrictions came into being.  In the old 
- *     days, an app could execute anything it could read, but this has slowly been tightened 
+ *     specific pmap files since the default behavior varies according to architecture.  The
+ *     main reason it varies is because of the need to provide binary compatibility with old
+ *     applications that were written before these restrictions came into being.  In the old
+ *     days, an app could execute anything it could read, but this has slowly been tightened
  *     up over time.  The default behavior is:
  *
  *     32-bit PPC apps         may execute from both stack and data areas
@@ -329,12 +559,17 @@ MACRO_END
  *     64-bit PPC/Intel apps   may not execute from either data or stack
  *
  *     An application on any architecture may override these defaults by explicitly
- *     adding PROT_EXEC permission to the page in question with the mprotect(2) 
+ *     adding PROT_EXEC permission to the page in question with the mprotect(2)
  *     system call.  This code here just determines what happens when an app tries to
- *     execute from a page that lacks execute permission.
+ *      execute from a page that lacks execute permission.
  *
  *     Note that allow_data_exec or allow_stack_exec may also be modified by sysctl to change the
- *     default behavior for both 32 and 64 bit apps on a system-wide basis.
+ *     default behavior for both 32 and 64 bit apps on a system-wide basis. Furthermore,
+ *     a Mach-O header flag bit (MH_NO_HEAP_EXECUTION) can be used to forcibly disallow
+ *     execution from data areas for a particular binary even if the arch normally permits it. As
+ *     a final wrinkle, a posix_spawn attribute flag can be used to negate this opt-in header bit
+ *     to support some complicated use cases, notably browsers with out-of-process plugins that
+ *     are not all NX-safe.
  */
 
 extern int allow_data_exec, allow_stack_exec;
@@ -344,24 +579,30 @@ override_nx(vm_map_t map, uint32_t user_tag) /* map unused on arm */
 {
        int current_abi;
 
+       if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
        /*
         * Determine if the app is running in 32 or 64 bit mode.
         */
 
-       if (vm_map_is_64bit(map))
+       if (vm_map_is_64bit(map)) {
                current_abi = VM_ABI_64;
-       else
+       } else {
                current_abi = VM_ABI_32;
+       }
 
        /*
-        * Determine if we should allow the execution based on whether it's a 
+        * Determine if we should allow the execution based on whether it's a
         * stack or data area and the current architecture.
         */
 
-       if (user_tag == VM_MEMORY_STACK)
+       if (user_tag == VM_MEMORY_STACK) {
                return allow_stack_exec & current_abi;
+       }
 
-       return allow_data_exec & current_abi;
+       return (allow_data_exec & current_abi) && (map->map_disallow_data_exec == FALSE);
 }
 
 
@@ -382,7 +623,7 @@ override_nx(vm_map_t map, uint32_t user_tag) /* map unused on arm */
  *     the asymmetric (delayed) strategy is used for shared temporary
  *     objects instead of the symmetric (shadow) strategy.  All maps
  *     are now "top level" maps (either task map, kernel map or submap
- *     of the kernel map).  
+ *     of the kernel map).
  *
  *     Since portions of maps are specified by start/end addreses,
  *     which may not align with existing map entries, all
@@ -408,133 +649,376 @@ override_nx(vm_map_t map, uint32_t user_tag) /* map unused on arm */
  *     vm_object_copy_strategically() in vm_object.c.
  */
 
-static zone_t  vm_map_zone;            /* zone for vm_map structures */
-static zone_t  vm_map_entry_zone;      /* zone for vm_map_entry structures */
-static zone_t  vm_map_kentry_zone;     /* zone for kernel entry structures */
-static zone_t  vm_map_copy_zone;       /* zone for vm_map_copy structures */
-
+static SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(zone_t) vm_map_zone;       /* zone for vm_map structures */
+static SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(zone_t) vm_map_entry_reserved_zone; /* zone with reserve for non-blocking allocations */
+static SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(zone_t) vm_map_copy_zone;  /* zone for vm_map_copy structures */
+
+SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(zone_t)        vm_map_entry_zone; /* zone for vm_map_entry structures */
+SECURITY_READ_ONLY_LATE(zone_t)        vm_map_holes_zone; /* zone for vm map holes (vm_map_links) structures */
+
+#define VM_MAP_ZONE_NAME "maps"
+#define VM_MAP_ZFLAGS ( \
+  ZC_NOENCRYPT | \
+  ZC_NOGC      | \
+  ZC_NOGZALLOC | \
+  ZC_ALLOW_FOREIGN)
+
+#define VME_RESERVED_ZONE_NAME "Reserved VM map entries"
+#define VM_MAP_RESERVED_ZFLAGS ( \
+    ZC_NOENCRYPT          | \
+    ZC_ALLOW_FOREIGN      | \
+    ZC_NOCALLOUT          | \
+    ZC_NOGZALLOC          | \
+    ZC_KASAN_NOQUARANTINE | \
+    ZC_NOGC)
+
+#define VM_MAP_HOLES_ZONE_NAME "VM map holes"
+#define VM_MAP_HOLES_ZFLAGS ( \
+    ZC_NOENCRYPT | \
+    ZC_NOGC      | \
+    ZC_NOGZALLOC | \
+    ZC_ALLOW_FOREIGN)
 
 /*
- *     Placeholder object for submap operations.  This object is dropped
- *     into the range by a call to vm_map_find, and removed when
- *     vm_map_submap creates the submap.
+ * Asserts that a vm_map_copy object is coming from the
+ * vm_map_copy_zone to ensure that it isn't a fake constructed
+ * anywhere else.
  */
+static inline void
+vm_map_copy_require(struct vm_map_copy *copy)
+{
+       zone_id_require(ZONE_ID_VM_MAP_COPY, sizeof(struct vm_map_copy), copy);
+}
 
-vm_object_t    vm_submap_object;
+/*
+ *     vm_map_require:
+ *
+ *     Ensures that the argument is memory allocated from the genuine
+ *     vm map zone. (See zone_id_require_allow_foreign).
+ */
+void
+vm_map_require(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       zone_id_require_allow_foreign(ZONE_ID_VM_MAP, sizeof(struct _vm_map), map);
+}
 
-static void            *map_data;
-static vm_size_t       map_data_size;
-static void            *kentry_data;
-static vm_size_t       kentry_data_size;
-static int             kentry_count = 2048;            /* to init kentry_data_size */
+static __startup_data vm_offset_t      map_data;
+static __startup_data vm_size_t        map_data_size;
+static __startup_data vm_offset_t      kentry_data;
+static __startup_data vm_size_t        kentry_data_size;
+static __startup_data vm_offset_t      map_holes_data;
+static __startup_data vm_size_t        map_holes_data_size;
 
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
 #define         NO_COALESCE_LIMIT  ((1024 * 128) - 1)
-
+#else /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+#define         NO_COALESCE_LIMIT  0
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
 
 /* Skip acquiring locks if we're in the midst of a kernel core dump */
 unsigned int not_in_kdp = 1;
 
-#if CONFIG_CODE_DECRYPTION
-/*
- * vm_map_apple_protected:
- * This remaps the requested part of the object with an object backed by 
- * the decrypting pager.
- * crypt_info contains entry points and session data for the crypt module.
- * The crypt_info block will be copied by vm_map_apple_protected. The data structures
- * referenced in crypt_info must remain valid until crypt_info->crypt_end() is called.
- */
+unsigned int vm_map_set_cache_attr_count = 0;
+
 kern_return_t
-vm_map_apple_protected(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end,
-       struct pager_crypt_info *crypt_info)
-{
-       boolean_t       map_locked;
-       kern_return_t   kr;
-       vm_map_entry_t  map_entry;
-       memory_object_t protected_mem_obj;
-       vm_object_t     protected_object;
-       vm_map_offset_t map_addr;
+vm_map_set_cache_attr(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t va)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  map_entry;
+       vm_object_t     object;
+       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
 
        vm_map_lock_read(map);
-       map_locked = TRUE;
 
-       /* lookup the protected VM object */
-       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map,
-                                start,
-                                &map_entry) ||
-           map_entry->vme_end < end ||
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, va, &map_entry) ||
            map_entry->is_sub_map) {
-               /* that memory is not properly mapped */
+               /*
+                * that memory is not properly mapped
+                */
                kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                goto done;
        }
-       protected_object = map_entry->object.vm_object;
-       if (protected_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-               /* there should be a VM object here at this point */
+       object = VME_OBJECT(map_entry);
+
+       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+               /*
+                * there should be a VM object here at this point
+                */
                kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                goto done;
        }
+       vm_object_lock(object);
+       object->set_cache_attr = TRUE;
+       vm_object_unlock(object);
 
-       /* make sure protected object stays alive while map is unlocked */
-       vm_object_reference(protected_object);
-
+       vm_map_set_cache_attr_count++;
+done:
        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+
+       return kr;
+}
+
+
+#if CONFIG_CODE_DECRYPTION
+/*
+ * vm_map_apple_protected:
+ * This remaps the requested part of the object with an object backed by
+ * the decrypting pager.
+ * crypt_info contains entry points and session data for the crypt module.
+ * The crypt_info block will be copied by vm_map_apple_protected. The data structures
+ * referenced in crypt_info must remain valid until crypt_info->crypt_end() is called.
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_apple_protected(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       vm_object_offset_t      crypto_backing_offset,
+       struct pager_crypt_info *crypt_info,
+       uint32_t                cryptid)
+{
+       boolean_t       map_locked;
+       kern_return_t   kr;
+       vm_map_entry_t  map_entry;
+       struct vm_map_entry tmp_entry;
+       memory_object_t unprotected_mem_obj;
+       vm_object_t     protected_object;
+       vm_map_offset_t map_addr;
+       vm_map_offset_t start_aligned, end_aligned;
+       vm_object_offset_t      crypto_start, crypto_end;
+       int             vm_flags;
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t vmk_flags;
+       boolean_t       cache_pager;
+
+       vm_flags = 0;
+       vmk_flags = VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE;
+
        map_locked = FALSE;
+       unprotected_mem_obj = MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL;
 
+       start_aligned = vm_map_trunc_page(start, PAGE_MASK_64);
+       end_aligned = vm_map_round_page(end, PAGE_MASK_64);
+       start_aligned = vm_map_trunc_page(start_aligned, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+       end_aligned = vm_map_round_page(end_aligned, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+
+#if __arm64__
        /*
-        * Lookup (and create if necessary) the protected memory object
-        * matching that VM object.
-        * If successful, this also grabs a reference on the memory object,
-        * to guarantee that it doesn't go away before we get a chance to map
-        * it.
+        * "start" and "end" might be 4K-aligned but not 16K-aligned,
+        * so we might have to loop and establish up to 3 mappings:
+        *
+        * + the first 16K-page, which might overlap with the previous
+        *   4K-aligned mapping,
+        * + the center,
+        * + the last 16K-page, which might overlap with the next
+        *   4K-aligned mapping.
+        * Each of these mapping might be backed by a vnode pager (if
+        * properly page-aligned) or a "fourk_pager", itself backed by a
+        * vnode pager (if 4K-aligned but not page-aligned).
         */
-       protected_mem_obj = apple_protect_pager_setup(protected_object, crypt_info);
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
 
-       /* release extra ref on protected object */
-       vm_object_deallocate(protected_object);
+       map_addr = start_aligned;
+       for (map_addr = start_aligned;
+           map_addr < end;
+           map_addr = tmp_entry.vme_end) {
+               vm_map_lock(map);
+               map_locked = TRUE;
 
-       if (protected_mem_obj == NULL) {
-               kr = KERN_FAILURE;
-               goto done;
-       }
+               /* lookup the protected VM object */
+               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map,
+                   map_addr,
+                   &map_entry) ||
+                   map_entry->is_sub_map ||
+                   VME_OBJECT(map_entry) == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       /* that memory is not properly mapped */
+                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                       goto done;
+               }
+
+               /* ensure mapped memory is mapped as executable except
+                *  except for model decryption flow */
+               if ((cryptid != CRYPTID_MODEL_ENCRYPTION) &&
+                   !(map_entry->protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE)) {
+                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                       goto done;
+               }
+
+               /* get the protected object to be decrypted */
+               protected_object = VME_OBJECT(map_entry);
+               if (protected_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       /* there should be a VM object here at this point */
+                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                       goto done;
+               }
+               /* ensure protected object stays alive while map is unlocked */
+               vm_object_reference(protected_object);
+
+               /* limit the map entry to the area we want to cover */
+               vm_map_clip_start(map, map_entry, start_aligned);
+               vm_map_clip_end(map, map_entry, end_aligned);
+
+               tmp_entry = *map_entry;
+               map_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL; /* not valid after unlocking map */
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+               map_locked = FALSE;
+
+               /*
+                * This map entry might be only partially encrypted
+                * (if not fully "page-aligned").
+                */
+               crypto_start = 0;
+               crypto_end = tmp_entry.vme_end - tmp_entry.vme_start;
+               if (tmp_entry.vme_start < start) {
+                       if (tmp_entry.vme_start != start_aligned) {
+                               kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+                       }
+                       crypto_start += (start - tmp_entry.vme_start);
+               }
+               if (tmp_entry.vme_end > end) {
+                       if (tmp_entry.vme_end != end_aligned) {
+                               kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+                       }
+                       crypto_end -= (tmp_entry.vme_end - end);
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * This "extra backing offset" is needed to get the decryption
+                * routine to use the right key.  It adjusts for the possibly
+                * relative offset of an interposed "4K" pager...
+                */
+               if (crypto_backing_offset == (vm_object_offset_t) -1) {
+                       crypto_backing_offset = VME_OFFSET(&tmp_entry);
+               }
+
+               cache_pager = TRUE;
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+               if (vm_map_is_alien(map)) {
+                       cache_pager = FALSE;
+               }
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+
+               /*
+                * Lookup (and create if necessary) the protected memory object
+                * matching that VM object.
+                * If successful, this also grabs a reference on the memory object,
+                * to guarantee that it doesn't go away before we get a chance to map
+                * it.
+                */
+               unprotected_mem_obj = apple_protect_pager_setup(
+                       protected_object,
+                       VME_OFFSET(&tmp_entry),
+                       crypto_backing_offset,
+                       crypt_info,
+                       crypto_start,
+                       crypto_end,
+                       cache_pager);
+
+               /* release extra ref on protected object */
+               vm_object_deallocate(protected_object);
+
+               if (unprotected_mem_obj == NULL) {
+                       kr = KERN_FAILURE;
+                       goto done;
+               }
+
+               vm_flags = VM_FLAGS_FIXED | VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE;
+               /* can overwrite an immutable mapping */
+               vmk_flags.vmkf_overwrite_immutable = TRUE;
+#if __arm64__
+               if (tmp_entry.used_for_jit &&
+                   (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) != FOURK_PAGE_SHIFT ||
+                   PAGE_SHIFT != FOURK_PAGE_SHIFT) &&
+                   fourk_binary_compatibility_unsafe &&
+                   fourk_binary_compatibility_allow_wx) {
+                       printf("** FOURK_COMPAT [%d]: "
+                           "allowing write+execute at 0x%llx\n",
+                           proc_selfpid(), tmp_entry.vme_start);
+                       vmk_flags.vmkf_map_jit = TRUE;
+               }
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+
+               /* map this memory object in place of the current one */
+               map_addr = tmp_entry.vme_start;
+               kr = vm_map_enter_mem_object(map,
+                   &map_addr,
+                   (tmp_entry.vme_end -
+                   tmp_entry.vme_start),
+                   (mach_vm_offset_t) 0,
+                   vm_flags,
+                   vmk_flags,
+                   VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE,
+                   (ipc_port_t)(uintptr_t) unprotected_mem_obj,
+                   0,
+                   TRUE,
+                   tmp_entry.protection,
+                   tmp_entry.max_protection,
+                   tmp_entry.inheritance);
+               assertf(kr == KERN_SUCCESS,
+                   "kr = 0x%x\n", kr);
+               assertf(map_addr == tmp_entry.vme_start,
+                   "map_addr=0x%llx vme_start=0x%llx tmp_entry=%p\n",
+                   (uint64_t)map_addr,
+                   (uint64_t) tmp_entry.vme_start,
+                   &tmp_entry);
+
+#if VM_MAP_DEBUG_APPLE_PROTECT
+               if (vm_map_debug_apple_protect) {
+                       printf("APPLE_PROTECT: map %p [0x%llx:0x%llx] pager %p:"
+                           " backing:[object:%p,offset:0x%llx,"
+                           "crypto_backing_offset:0x%llx,"
+                           "crypto_start:0x%llx,crypto_end:0x%llx]\n",
+                           map,
+                           (uint64_t) map_addr,
+                           (uint64_t) (map_addr + (tmp_entry.vme_end -
+                           tmp_entry.vme_start)),
+                           unprotected_mem_obj,
+                           protected_object,
+                           VME_OFFSET(&tmp_entry),
+                           crypto_backing_offset,
+                           crypto_start,
+                           crypto_end);
+               }
+#endif /* VM_MAP_DEBUG_APPLE_PROTECT */
+
+               /*
+                * Release the reference obtained by
+                * apple_protect_pager_setup().
+                * The mapping (if it succeeded) is now holding a reference on
+                * the memory object.
+                */
+               memory_object_deallocate(unprotected_mem_obj);
+               unprotected_mem_obj = MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL;
 
-       /* map this memory object in place of the current one */
-       map_addr = start;
-       kr = vm_map_enter_mem_object(map,
-                                    &map_addr,
-                                    end - start,
-                                    (mach_vm_offset_t) 0,
-                                    VM_FLAGS_FIXED | VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE,
-                                    (ipc_port_t) protected_mem_obj,
-                                    (map_entry->offset +
-                                     (start - map_entry->vme_start)),
-                                    TRUE,
-                                    map_entry->protection,
-                                    map_entry->max_protection,
-                                    map_entry->inheritance);
-       assert(map_addr == start);
-       /*
-        * Release the reference obtained by apple_protect_pager_setup().
-        * The mapping (if it succeeded) is now holding a reference on the
-        * memory object.
-        */
-       memory_object_deallocate(protected_mem_obj);
+               /* continue with next map entry */
+               crypto_backing_offset += (tmp_entry.vme_end -
+                   tmp_entry.vme_start);
+               crypto_backing_offset -= crypto_start;
+       }
+       kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
 
 done:
        if (map_locked) {
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
        }
        return kr;
 }
-#endif /* CONFIG_CODE_DECRYPTION */
+#endif  /* CONFIG_CODE_DECRYPTION */
 
 
-lck_grp_t              vm_map_lck_grp;
-lck_grp_attr_t vm_map_lck_grp_attr;
-lck_attr_t             vm_map_lck_attr;
+LCK_GRP_DECLARE(vm_map_lck_grp, "vm_map");
+LCK_ATTR_DECLARE(vm_map_lck_attr, 0, 0);
+LCK_ATTR_DECLARE(vm_map_lck_rw_attr, 0, LCK_ATTR_DEBUG);
 
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+int malloc_no_cow = 0;
+#else /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+int malloc_no_cow = 1;
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+uint64_t vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask = 0ULL;
+#if DEBUG
+int vm_check_map_sanity = 0;
+#endif
 
 /*
  *     vm_map_init:
@@ -549,7 +1033,7 @@ lck_attr_t         vm_map_lck_attr;
  *
  *     vm_map_zone:            used to allocate maps.
  *     vm_map_entry_zone:      used to allocate map entries.
- *     vm_map_kentry_zone:     used to allocate map entries for the kernel.
+ *     vm_map_entry_reserved_zone:     fallback zone for kernel map entries
  *
  *     The kernel allocates map entries from a special zone that is initially
  *     "crammed" with memory.  It would be difficult (perhaps impossible) for
@@ -557,67 +1041,211 @@ lck_attr_t              vm_map_lck_attr;
  *     empty since the very act of allocating memory implies the creation
  *     of a new entry.
  */
+__startup_func
 void
-vm_map_init(
-       void)
+vm_map_init(void)
 {
-       vm_map_zone = zinit((vm_map_size_t) sizeof(struct _vm_map), 40*1024,
-                           PAGE_SIZE, "maps");
-       zone_change(vm_map_zone, Z_NOENCRYPT, TRUE);
+       const char *mez_name = "VM map entries";
+
+
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+       PE_parse_boot_argn("debug4k_filter", &debug4k_filter,
+           sizeof(debug4k_filter));
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
+
+       vm_map_zone = zone_create_ext(VM_MAP_ZONE_NAME, sizeof(struct _vm_map),
+           VM_MAP_ZFLAGS, ZONE_ID_VM_MAP, NULL);
+
+       vm_map_entry_zone = zone_create(mez_name, sizeof(struct vm_map_entry),
+           ZC_NOENCRYPT | ZC_NOGZALLOC | ZC_NOCALLOUT);
 
+       /*
+        * Don't quarantine because we always need elements available
+        * Disallow GC on this zone... to aid the GC.
+        */
+       vm_map_entry_reserved_zone = zone_create_ext(VME_RESERVED_ZONE_NAME,
+           sizeof(struct vm_map_entry), VM_MAP_RESERVED_ZFLAGS,
+           ZONE_ID_ANY, NULL);
 
-       vm_map_entry_zone = zinit((vm_map_size_t) sizeof(struct vm_map_entry),
-                                 1024*1024, PAGE_SIZE*5,
-                                 "non-kernel map entries");
-       zone_change(vm_map_entry_zone, Z_NOENCRYPT, TRUE);
+       vm_map_copy_zone = zone_create_ext("VM map copies", sizeof(struct vm_map_copy),
+           ZC_NOENCRYPT | ZC_CACHING, ZONE_ID_VM_MAP_COPY, NULL);
 
-       vm_map_kentry_zone = zinit((vm_map_size_t) sizeof(struct vm_map_entry),
-                                  kentry_data_size, kentry_data_size,
-                                  "kernel map entries");
-       zone_change(vm_map_kentry_zone, Z_NOENCRYPT, TRUE);
+       vm_map_holes_zone = zone_create(VM_MAP_HOLES_ZONE_NAME,
+           sizeof(struct vm_map_links), VM_MAP_HOLES_ZFLAGS);
 
-       vm_map_copy_zone = zinit((vm_map_size_t) sizeof(struct vm_map_copy),
-                                16*1024, PAGE_SIZE, "map copies");
-       zone_change(vm_map_copy_zone, Z_NOENCRYPT, TRUE);
+       /*
+        * Add the stolen memory to zones, adjust zone size and stolen counts.
+        */
+       zone_cram_foreign(vm_map_zone, map_data, map_data_size);
+       zone_cram_foreign(vm_map_entry_reserved_zone, kentry_data, kentry_data_size);
+       zone_cram_foreign(vm_map_holes_zone, map_holes_data, map_holes_data_size);
 
        /*
-        *      Cram the map and kentry zones with initial data.
-        *      Set kentry_zone non-collectible to aid zone_gc().
+        * Since these are covered by zones, remove them from stolen page accounting.
         */
-       zone_change(vm_map_zone, Z_COLLECT, FALSE);
-       zone_change(vm_map_kentry_zone, Z_COLLECT, FALSE);
-       zone_change(vm_map_kentry_zone, Z_EXPAND, FALSE);
-       zone_change(vm_map_kentry_zone, Z_FOREIGN, TRUE);
-       zcram(vm_map_zone, map_data, map_data_size);
-       zcram(vm_map_kentry_zone, kentry_data, kentry_data_size);
-       
-       lck_grp_attr_setdefault(&vm_map_lck_grp_attr);
-       lck_grp_init(&vm_map_lck_grp, "vm_map", &vm_map_lck_grp_attr);
-       lck_attr_setdefault(&vm_map_lck_attr);  
+       VM_PAGE_MOVE_STOLEN(atop_64(map_data_size) + atop_64(kentry_data_size) + atop_64(map_holes_data_size));
+
+#if VM_MAP_DEBUG_APPLE_PROTECT
+       PE_parse_boot_argn("vm_map_debug_apple_protect",
+           &vm_map_debug_apple_protect,
+           sizeof(vm_map_debug_apple_protect));
+#endif /* VM_MAP_DEBUG_APPLE_PROTECT */
+#if VM_MAP_DEBUG_APPLE_FOURK
+       PE_parse_boot_argn("vm_map_debug_fourk",
+           &vm_map_debug_fourk,
+           sizeof(vm_map_debug_fourk));
+#endif /* VM_MAP_DEBUG_FOURK */
+       PE_parse_boot_argn("vm_map_executable_immutable",
+           &vm_map_executable_immutable,
+           sizeof(vm_map_executable_immutable));
+       PE_parse_boot_argn("vm_map_executable_immutable_verbose",
+           &vm_map_executable_immutable_verbose,
+           sizeof(vm_map_executable_immutable_verbose));
+
+       PE_parse_boot_argn("malloc_no_cow",
+           &malloc_no_cow,
+           sizeof(malloc_no_cow));
+       if (malloc_no_cow) {
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask = 0ULL;
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC;
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_SMALL;
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_MEDIUM;
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE;
+//             vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_HUGE;
+//             vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_REALLOC;
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_TINY;
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSABLE;
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSED;
+               vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_NANO;
+//             vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask |= 1ULL << VM_MEMORY_TCMALLOC;
+               PE_parse_boot_argn("vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask",
+                   &vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask,
+                   sizeof(vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask));
+       }
+
+#if DEBUG
+       PE_parse_boot_argn("vm_check_map_sanity", &vm_check_map_sanity, sizeof(vm_check_map_sanity));
+       if (vm_check_map_sanity) {
+               kprintf("VM sanity checking enabled\n");
+       } else {
+               kprintf("VM sanity checking disabled. Set bootarg vm_check_map_sanity=1 to enable\n");
+       }
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
+       PE_parse_boot_argn("panic_on_unsigned_execute",
+           &panic_on_unsigned_execute,
+           sizeof(panic_on_unsigned_execute));
+#endif /* DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG */
 }
 
-void
-vm_map_steal_memory(
-       void)
+__startup_func
+static void
+vm_map_steal_memory(void)
 {
-       map_data_size = round_page(10 * sizeof(struct _vm_map));
-       map_data = pmap_steal_memory(map_data_size);
+       uint16_t kentry_initial_pages;
+       uint16_t zone_foreign_pages;
+
+       map_data_size = zone_get_foreign_alloc_size(VM_MAP_ZONE_NAME,
+           sizeof(struct _vm_map), VM_MAP_ZFLAGS, 1);
 
-#if 0
        /*
-        * Limiting worst case: vm_map_kentry_zone needs to map each "available"
-        * physical page (i.e. that beyond the kernel image and page tables)
-        * individually; we guess at most one entry per eight pages in the
-        * real world. This works out to roughly .1 of 1% of physical memory,
-        * or roughly 1900 entries (64K) for a 64M machine with 4K pages.
+        * kentry_initial_pages corresponds to the number of kernel map entries
+        * required during bootstrap until the asynchronous replenishment
+        * scheme is activated and/or entries are available from the general
+        * map entry pool.
+        */
+#if defined(__LP64__)
+       kentry_initial_pages = (uint16_t)atop(16 * 4096);
+#else
+       kentry_initial_pages = 6;
+#endif
+
+#if CONFIG_GZALLOC
+       /* If using the guard allocator, reserve more memory for the kernel
+        * reserved map entry pool.
         */
+       if (gzalloc_enabled()) {
+               kentry_initial_pages *= 1024;
+       }
 #endif
-       kentry_count = pmap_free_pages() / 8;
+       if (PE_parse_boot_argn("zone_foreign_pages", &zone_foreign_pages,
+           sizeof(zone_foreign_pages))) {
+               kentry_initial_pages = zone_foreign_pages;
+       }
+
+       kentry_data_size = zone_get_foreign_alloc_size(VME_RESERVED_ZONE_NAME,
+           sizeof(struct vm_map_entry), VM_MAP_RESERVED_ZFLAGS,
+           kentry_initial_pages);
 
+       map_holes_data_size = zone_get_foreign_alloc_size(VM_MAP_HOLES_ZONE_NAME,
+           sizeof(struct vm_map_links), VM_MAP_HOLES_ZFLAGS,
+           kentry_initial_pages);
 
-       kentry_data_size =
-               round_page(kentry_count * sizeof(struct vm_map_entry));
-       kentry_data = pmap_steal_memory(kentry_data_size);
+       /*
+        * Steal a contiguous range of memory so that a simple range check
+        * can validate foreign addresses being freed/crammed to these
+        * zones
+        */
+       vm_size_t total_size;
+       if (os_add3_overflow(map_data_size, kentry_data_size,
+           map_holes_data_size, &total_size)) {
+               panic("vm_map_steal_memory: overflow in amount of memory requested");
+       }
+       map_data = zone_foreign_mem_init(total_size);
+       kentry_data = map_data + map_data_size;
+       map_holes_data = kentry_data + kentry_data_size;
+}
+STARTUP(PMAP_STEAL, STARTUP_RANK_FIRST, vm_map_steal_memory);
+
+boolean_t vm_map_supports_hole_optimization = FALSE;
+
+void
+vm_kernel_reserved_entry_init(void)
+{
+       zone_replenish_configure(vm_map_entry_reserved_zone);
+
+       /*
+        * Once we have our replenish thread set up, we can start using the vm_map_holes zone.
+        */
+       zone_replenish_configure(vm_map_holes_zone);
+       vm_map_supports_hole_optimization = TRUE;
+}
+
+void
+vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  head_entry, hole_entry, next_hole_entry;
+
+       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+               head_entry = hole_entry = CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list);
+
+               while (hole_entry != NULL) {
+                       next_hole_entry = hole_entry->vme_next;
+
+                       hole_entry->vme_next = NULL;
+                       hole_entry->vme_prev = NULL;
+                       zfree(vm_map_holes_zone, hole_entry);
+
+                       if (next_hole_entry == head_entry) {
+                               hole_entry = NULL;
+                       } else {
+                               hole_entry = next_hole_entry;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               map->holes_list = NULL;
+               map->holelistenabled = FALSE;
+
+               map->first_free = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+               SAVE_HINT_HOLE_WRITE(map, NULL);
+       }
+}
+
+boolean_t
+vm_kernel_map_is_kernel(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       return map->pmap == kernel_pmap;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -627,48 +1255,156 @@ vm_map_steal_memory(
  *     the given physical map structure, and having
  *     the given lower and upper address bounds.
  */
+
 vm_map_t
 vm_map_create(
-       pmap_t                  pmap,
-       vm_map_offset_t min,
-       vm_map_offset_t max,
-       boolean_t               pageable)
+       pmap_t          pmap,
+       vm_map_offset_t min,
+       vm_map_offset_t max,
+       boolean_t       pageable)
 {
-       static int              color_seed = 0;
-       register vm_map_t       result;
+       int options;
 
-       result = (vm_map_t) zalloc(vm_map_zone);
-       if (result == VM_MAP_NULL)
-               panic("vm_map_create");
+       options = 0;
+       if (pageable) {
+               options |= VM_MAP_CREATE_PAGEABLE;
+       }
+       return vm_map_create_options(pmap, min, max, options);
+}
+
+vm_map_t
+vm_map_create_options(
+       pmap_t          pmap,
+       vm_map_offset_t min,
+       vm_map_offset_t max,
+       int             options)
+{
+       vm_map_t        result;
+       struct vm_map_links     *hole_entry = NULL;
+
+       if (options & ~(VM_MAP_CREATE_ALL_OPTIONS)) {
+               /* unknown option */
+               return VM_MAP_NULL;
+       }
+
+       result = (vm_map_t) zalloc(vm_map_zone);
+       if (result == VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               panic("vm_map_create");
+       }
 
        vm_map_first_entry(result) = vm_map_to_entry(result);
        vm_map_last_entry(result)  = vm_map_to_entry(result);
        result->hdr.nentries = 0;
-       result->hdr.entries_pageable = pageable;
+       if (options & VM_MAP_CREATE_PAGEABLE) {
+               result->hdr.entries_pageable = TRUE;
+       } else {
+               result->hdr.entries_pageable = FALSE;
+       }
+
+       vm_map_store_init( &(result->hdr));
+
+       result->hdr.page_shift = PAGE_SHIFT;
 
        result->size = 0;
-       result->user_wire_limit = MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS;  /* default limit is unlimited */
+       result->user_wire_limit = MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS;  /* default limit is unlimited */
        result->user_wire_size  = 0;
-       result->ref_count = 1;
-#if    TASK_SWAPPER
-       result->res_count = 1;
-       result->sw_state = MAP_SW_IN;
-#endif /* TASK_SWAPPER */
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+       result->vmmap_high_start = 0;
+#endif
+       os_ref_init_count(&result->map_refcnt, &map_refgrp, 1);
        result->pmap = pmap;
        result->min_offset = min;
        result->max_offset = max;
        result->wiring_required = FALSE;
        result->no_zero_fill = FALSE;
-       result->mapped = FALSE;
+       result->mapped_in_other_pmaps = FALSE;
        result->wait_for_space = FALSE;
        result->switch_protect = FALSE;
+       result->disable_vmentry_reuse = FALSE;
+       result->map_disallow_data_exec = FALSE;
+       result->is_nested_map = FALSE;
+       result->map_disallow_new_exec = FALSE;
+       result->terminated = FALSE;
+       result->cs_enforcement = FALSE;
+       result->highest_entry_end = 0;
        result->first_free = vm_map_to_entry(result);
        result->hint = vm_map_to_entry(result);
-       result->color_rr = (color_seed++) & vm_color_mask;
+       result->jit_entry_exists = FALSE;
+       result->is_alien = FALSE;
+       result->reserved_regions = FALSE;
+       result->single_jit = FALSE;
+
+       /* "has_corpse_footprint" and "holelistenabled" are mutually exclusive */
+       if (options & VM_MAP_CREATE_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT) {
+               result->has_corpse_footprint = TRUE;
+               result->holelistenabled = FALSE;
+               result->vmmap_corpse_footprint = NULL;
+       } else {
+               result->has_corpse_footprint = FALSE;
+               if (vm_map_supports_hole_optimization) {
+                       hole_entry = zalloc(vm_map_holes_zone);
+
+                       hole_entry->start = min;
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
+                       hole_entry->end = result->max_offset;
+#else
+                       hole_entry->end = (max > (vm_map_offset_t)MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS) ? max : (vm_map_offset_t)MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS;
+#endif
+                       result->holes_list = result->hole_hint = hole_entry;
+                       hole_entry->prev = hole_entry->next = CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(hole_entry);
+                       result->holelistenabled = TRUE;
+               } else {
+                       result->holelistenabled = FALSE;
+               }
+       }
+
        vm_map_lock_init(result);
        lck_mtx_init_ext(&result->s_lock, &result->s_lock_ext, &vm_map_lck_grp, &vm_map_lck_attr);
-       
-       return(result);
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+vm_map_size_t
+vm_map_adjusted_size(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       struct vm_reserved_region *regions = NULL;
+       size_t num_regions = 0;
+       mach_vm_size_t  reserved_size = 0, map_size = 0;
+
+       if (map == NULL || (map->size == 0)) {
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       map_size = map->size;
+
+       if (map->reserved_regions == FALSE || !vm_map_is_exotic(map) || map->terminated) {
+               /*
+                * No special reserved regions or not an exotic map or the task
+                * is terminating and these special regions might have already
+                * been deallocated.
+                */
+               return map_size;
+       }
+
+       num_regions = ml_get_vm_reserved_regions(vm_map_is_64bit(map), &regions);
+       assert((num_regions == 0) || (num_regions > 0 && regions != NULL));
+
+       while (num_regions) {
+               reserved_size += regions[--num_regions].vmrr_size;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * There are a few places where the map is being switched out due to
+        * 'termination' without that bit being set (e.g. exec and corpse purging).
+        * In those cases, we could have the map's regions being deallocated on
+        * a core while some accounting process is trying to get the map's size.
+        * So this assert can't be enabled till all those places are uniform in
+        * their use of the 'map->terminated' bit.
+        *
+        * assert(map_size >= reserved_size);
+        */
+
+       return (map_size >= reserved_size) ? (map_size - reserved_size) : map_size;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -677,29 +1413,50 @@ vm_map_create(
  *     Allocates a VM map entry for insertion in the
  *     given map (or map copy).  No fields are filled.
  */
-#define        vm_map_entry_create(map) \
-       _vm_map_entry_create(&(map)->hdr)
+#define vm_map_entry_create(map, map_locked)    _vm_map_entry_create(&(map)->hdr, map_locked)
 
-#define        vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy) \
-       _vm_map_entry_create(&(copy)->cpy_hdr)
+#define vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy, map_locked)                                      \
+       _vm_map_entry_create(&(copy)->cpy_hdr, map_locked)
+unsigned reserved_zalloc_count, nonreserved_zalloc_count;
 
 static vm_map_entry_t
 _vm_map_entry_create(
-       register struct vm_map_header   *map_header)
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header, boolean_t __unused map_locked)
 {
-       register zone_t zone;
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
+       zone_t  zone;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
 
-       if (map_header->entries_pageable)
-               zone = vm_map_entry_zone;
-       else
-               zone = vm_map_kentry_zone;
+       zone = vm_map_entry_zone;
 
-       entry = (vm_map_entry_t) zalloc(zone);
-       if (entry == VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL)
-               panic("vm_map_entry_create");
+       assert(map_header->entries_pageable ? !map_locked : TRUE);
+
+       if (map_header->entries_pageable) {
+               entry = (vm_map_entry_t) zalloc(zone);
+       } else {
+               entry = (vm_map_entry_t) zalloc_noblock(zone);
+
+               if (entry == VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL) {
+                       zone = vm_map_entry_reserved_zone;
+                       entry = (vm_map_entry_t) zalloc(zone);
+                       OSAddAtomic(1, &reserved_zalloc_count);
+               } else {
+                       OSAddAtomic(1, &nonreserved_zalloc_count);
+               }
+       }
 
-       return(entry);
+       if (entry == VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL) {
+               panic("vm_map_entry_create");
+       }
+       *entry = vm_map_entry_template;
+       entry->from_reserved_zone = (zone == vm_map_entry_reserved_zone);
+
+       vm_map_store_update((vm_map_t) NULL, entry, VM_MAP_ENTRY_CREATE);
+#if     MAP_ENTRY_CREATION_DEBUG
+       entry->vme_creation_maphdr = map_header;
+       backtrace(&entry->vme_creation_bt[0],
+           (sizeof(entry->vme_creation_bt) / sizeof(uintptr_t)), NULL);
+#endif
+       return entry;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -707,217 +1464,60 @@ _vm_map_entry_create(
  *
  *     Inverse of vm_map_entry_create.
  *
- *     write map lock held so no need to
+ *      write map lock held so no need to
  *     do anything special to insure correctness
- *     of the stores
+ *      of the stores
  */
-#define        vm_map_entry_dispose(map, entry)                        \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                                             \
-       if((entry) == (map)->first_free)                        \
-               (map)->first_free = vm_map_to_entry(map);       \
-       if((entry) == (map)->hint)                              \
-               (map)->hint = vm_map_to_entry(map);             \
-       _vm_map_entry_dispose(&(map)->hdr, (entry));            \
-       MACRO_END
+#define vm_map_entry_dispose(map, entry)                        \
+       _vm_map_entry_dispose(&(map)->hdr, (entry))
 
-#define        vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(map, entry) \
+#define vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy, entry) \
        _vm_map_entry_dispose(&(copy)->cpy_hdr, (entry))
 
 static void
 _vm_map_entry_dispose(
-       register struct vm_map_header   *map_header,
-       register vm_map_entry_t         entry)
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry)
 {
-       register zone_t         zone;
+       zone_t          zone;
 
-       if (map_header->entries_pageable)
+       if (map_header->entries_pageable || !(entry->from_reserved_zone)) {
                zone = vm_map_entry_zone;
-       else
-               zone = vm_map_kentry_zone;
+       } else {
+               zone = vm_map_entry_reserved_zone;
+       }
+
+       if (!map_header->entries_pageable) {
+               if (zone == vm_map_entry_zone) {
+                       OSAddAtomic(-1, &nonreserved_zalloc_count);
+               } else {
+                       OSAddAtomic(-1, &reserved_zalloc_count);
+               }
+       }
 
        zfree(zone, entry);
 }
 
 #if MACH_ASSERT
-static boolean_t first_free_is_valid(vm_map_t map);    /* forward */
 static boolean_t first_free_check = FALSE;
-static boolean_t
+boolean_t
 first_free_is_valid(
-       vm_map_t        map)
+       vm_map_t        map)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry, next;
-
-       if (!first_free_check)
+       if (!first_free_check) {
                return TRUE;
-       
-       entry = vm_map_to_entry(map);
-       next = entry->vme_next;
-       while (vm_map_trunc_page(next->vme_start) == vm_map_trunc_page(entry->vme_end) ||
-              (vm_map_trunc_page(next->vme_start) == vm_map_trunc_page(entry->vme_start) &&
-               next != vm_map_to_entry(map))) {
-               entry = next;
-               next = entry->vme_next;
-               if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map))
-                       break;
-       }
-       if (map->first_free != entry) {
-               printf("Bad first_free for map %p: %p should be %p\n",
-                      map, map->first_free, entry);
-               return FALSE;
        }
-       return TRUE;
+
+       return first_free_is_valid_store( map );
 }
 #endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
 
-/*
- *     UPDATE_FIRST_FREE:
- *
- *     Updates the map->first_free pointer to the
- *     entry immediately before the first hole in the map.
- *     The map should be locked.
- */
-#define UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(map, new_first_free)                                 \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                                                     \
-       vm_map_t        UFF_map;                                        \
-       vm_map_entry_t  UFF_first_free;                                 \
-       vm_map_entry_t  UFF_next_entry;                                 \
-       UFF_map = (map);                                                \
-       UFF_first_free = (new_first_free);                              \
-       UFF_next_entry = UFF_first_free->vme_next;                      \
-       while (vm_map_trunc_page(UFF_next_entry->vme_start) ==          \
-              vm_map_trunc_page(UFF_first_free->vme_end) ||                    \
-              (vm_map_trunc_page(UFF_next_entry->vme_start) ==                 \
-               vm_map_trunc_page(UFF_first_free->vme_start) &&         \
-               UFF_next_entry != vm_map_to_entry(UFF_map))) {          \
-               UFF_first_free = UFF_next_entry;                        \
-               UFF_next_entry = UFF_first_free->vme_next;              \
-               if (UFF_first_free == vm_map_to_entry(UFF_map))         \
-                       break;                                          \
-       }                                                               \
-       UFF_map->first_free = UFF_first_free;                           \
-       assert(first_free_is_valid(UFF_map));                           \
-       MACRO_END
-
-/*
- *     vm_map_entry_{un,}link:
- *
- *     Insert/remove entries from maps (or map copies).
- */
-#define vm_map_entry_link(map, after_where, entry)                     \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                                                     \
-       vm_map_t VMEL_map;                                              \
-       vm_map_entry_t VMEL_entry;                                      \
-       VMEL_map = (map);                                               \
-       VMEL_entry = (entry);                                           \
-       _vm_map_entry_link(&VMEL_map->hdr, after_where, VMEL_entry);    \
-       UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(VMEL_map, VMEL_map->first_free);              \
-       MACRO_END
-
-
-#define vm_map_copy_entry_link(copy, after_where, entry)               \
-       _vm_map_entry_link(&(copy)->cpy_hdr, after_where, (entry))
-
-#define _vm_map_entry_link(hdr, after_where, entry)                    \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                                                     \
-       (hdr)->nentries++;                                              \
-       (entry)->vme_prev = (after_where);                              \
-       (entry)->vme_next = (after_where)->vme_next;                    \
-       (entry)->vme_prev->vme_next = (entry)->vme_next->vme_prev = (entry); \
-       MACRO_END
-
-#define vm_map_entry_unlink(map, entry)                                        \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                                                     \
-       vm_map_t VMEU_map;                                              \
-       vm_map_entry_t VMEU_entry;                                      \
-       vm_map_entry_t VMEU_first_free;                                 \
-       VMEU_map = (map);                                               \
-       VMEU_entry = (entry);                                           \
-       if (VMEU_entry->vme_start <= VMEU_map->first_free->vme_start)   \
-               VMEU_first_free = VMEU_entry->vme_prev;                 \
-       else                                                            \
-               VMEU_first_free = VMEU_map->first_free;                 \
-       _vm_map_entry_unlink(&VMEU_map->hdr, VMEU_entry);               \
-       UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(VMEU_map, VMEU_first_free);                   \
-       MACRO_END
-
-#define vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, entry)                          \
-       _vm_map_entry_unlink(&(copy)->cpy_hdr, (entry))
-
-#define _vm_map_entry_unlink(hdr, entry)                               \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                                                     \
-       (hdr)->nentries--;                                              \
-       (entry)->vme_next->vme_prev = (entry)->vme_prev;                \
-       (entry)->vme_prev->vme_next = (entry)->vme_next;                \
-       MACRO_END
-
-#if    MACH_ASSERT && TASK_SWAPPER
-/*
- *     vm_map_res_reference:
- *
- *     Adds another valid residence count to the given map.
- *
- *     Map is locked so this function can be called from
- *     vm_map_swapin.
- *
- */
-void vm_map_res_reference(register vm_map_t map)
-{
-       /* assert map is locked */
-       assert(map->res_count >= 0);
-       assert(map->ref_count >= map->res_count);
-       if (map->res_count == 0) {
-               lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
-               vm_map_lock(map);
-               vm_map_swapin(map);
-               lck_mtx_lock(&map->s_lock);
-               ++map->res_count;
-               vm_map_unlock(map);
-       } else
-               ++map->res_count;
-}
 
-/*
- *     vm_map_reference_swap:
- *
- *     Adds valid reference and residence counts to the given map.
- *
- *     The map may not be in memory (i.e. zero residence count).
- *
- */
-void vm_map_reference_swap(register vm_map_t map)
-{
-       assert(map != VM_MAP_NULL);
-       lck_mtx_lock(&map->s_lock);
-       assert(map->res_count >= 0);
-       assert(map->ref_count >= map->res_count);
-       map->ref_count++;
-       vm_map_res_reference(map);
-       lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
-}
+#define vm_map_copy_entry_link(copy, after_where, entry)                \
+       _vm_map_store_entry_link(&(copy)->cpy_hdr, after_where, (entry))
 
-/*
- *     vm_map_res_deallocate:
- *
- *     Decrement residence count on a map; possibly causing swapout.
- *
- *     The map must be in memory (i.e. non-zero residence count).
- *
- *     The map is locked, so this function is callable from vm_map_deallocate.
- *
- */
-void vm_map_res_deallocate(register vm_map_t map)
-{
-       assert(map->res_count > 0);
-       if (--map->res_count == 0) {
-               lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
-               vm_map_lock(map);
-               vm_map_swapout(map);
-               vm_map_unlock(map);
-               lck_mtx_lock(&map->s_lock);
-       }
-       assert(map->ref_count >= map->res_count);
-}
-#endif /* MACH_ASSERT && TASK_SWAPPER */
+#define vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, entry)                           \
+       _vm_map_store_entry_unlink(&(copy)->cpy_hdr, (entry))
 
 /*
  *     vm_map_destroy:
@@ -926,333 +1526,114 @@ void vm_map_res_deallocate(register vm_map_t map)
  */
 void
 vm_map_destroy(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       int             flags)
-{      
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       int             flags)
+{
        vm_map_lock(map);
 
+       /* final cleanup: no need to unnest shared region */
+       flags |= VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_UNNESTING;
+       /* final cleanup: ok to remove immutable mappings */
+       flags |= VM_MAP_REMOVE_IMMUTABLE;
+       /* final cleanup: allow gaps in range */
+       flags |= VM_MAP_REMOVE_GAPS_OK;
+
        /* clean up regular map entries */
        (void) vm_map_delete(map, map->min_offset, map->max_offset,
-                            flags, VM_MAP_NULL);
-       /* clean up leftover special mappings (commpage, etc...) */
-#ifdef __ppc__
-       /*
-        * PPC51: ppc64 is limited to 51-bit addresses.
-        * Memory beyond this 51-bit limit is mapped specially at the
-        * pmap level, so do not interfere.
-        * On PPC64, the commpage is mapped beyond the addressable range
-        * via a special pmap hack, so ask pmap to clean it explicitly...
-        */
-       if (map->pmap) {
-               pmap_unmap_sharedpage(map->pmap);
-       }
-       /* ... and do not let regular pmap cleanup apply here */
-       flags |= VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_PMAP_CLEANUP;
-#endif /* __ppc__ */
+           flags, VM_MAP_NULL);
+       /* clean up leftover special mappings (commpage, GPU carveout, etc...) */
+#if     !defined(__arm__)
        (void) vm_map_delete(map, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000ULL,
-                            flags, VM_MAP_NULL);
+           flags, VM_MAP_NULL);
+#endif /* !__arm__ */
+
+       vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(map);
+       vm_map_corpse_footprint_destroy(map);
+
        vm_map_unlock(map);
 
        assert(map->hdr.nentries == 0);
-       
-       if(map->pmap)
+
+       if (map->pmap) {
                pmap_destroy(map->pmap);
+       }
+
+       if (vm_map_lck_attr.lck_attr_val & LCK_ATTR_DEBUG) {
+               /*
+                * If lock debugging is enabled the mutexes get tagged as LCK_MTX_TAG_INDIRECT.
+                * And this is regardless of whether the lck_mtx_ext_t is embedded in the
+                * structure or kalloc'ed via lck_mtx_init.
+                * An example is s_lock_ext within struct _vm_map.
+                *
+                * A lck_mtx_destroy on such a mutex will attempt a kfree and panic. We
+                * can add another tag to detect embedded vs alloc'ed indirect external
+                * mutexes but that'll be additional checks in the lock path and require
+                * updating dependencies for the old vs new tag.
+                *
+                * Since the kfree() is for LCK_MTX_TAG_INDIRECT mutexes and that tag is applied
+                * just when lock debugging is ON, we choose to forego explicitly destroying
+                * the vm_map mutex and rw lock and, as a consequence, will overflow the reference
+                * count on vm_map_lck_grp, which has no serious side-effect.
+                */
+       } else {
+               lck_rw_destroy(&(map)->lock, &vm_map_lck_grp);
+               lck_mtx_destroy(&(map)->s_lock, &vm_map_lck_grp);
+       }
 
        zfree(vm_map_zone, map);
 }
 
-#if    TASK_SWAPPER
 /*
- * vm_map_swapin/vm_map_swapout
- *
- * Swap a map in and out, either referencing or releasing its resources.  
- * These functions are internal use only; however, they must be exported
- * because they may be called from macros, which are exported.
- *
- * In the case of swapout, there could be races on the residence count, 
- * so if the residence count is up, we return, assuming that a 
- * vm_map_deallocate() call in the near future will bring us back.
- *
- * Locking:
- *     -- We use the map write lock for synchronization among races.
- *     -- The map write lock, and not the simple s_lock, protects the
- *        swap state of the map.
- *     -- If a map entry is a share map, then we hold both locks, in
- *        hierarchical order.
- *
- * Synchronization Notes:
- *     1) If a vm_map_swapin() call happens while swapout in progress, it
- *     will block on the map lock and proceed when swapout is through.
- *     2) A vm_map_reference() call at this time is illegal, and will
- *     cause a panic.  vm_map_reference() is only allowed on resident
- *     maps, since it refuses to block.
- *     3) A vm_map_swapin() call during a swapin will block, and 
- *     proceeed when the first swapin is done, turning into a nop.
- *     This is the reason the res_count is not incremented until
- *     after the swapin is complete.
- *     4) There is a timing hole after the checks of the res_count, before
- *     the map lock is taken, during which a swapin may get the lock
- *     before a swapout about to happen.  If this happens, the swapin
- *     will detect the state and increment the reference count, causing
- *     the swapout to be a nop, thereby delaying it until a later 
- *     vm_map_deallocate.  If the swapout gets the lock first, then 
- *     the swapin will simply block until the swapout is done, and 
- *     then proceed.
- *
- * Because vm_map_swapin() is potentially an expensive operation, it
- * should be used with caution.
- *
- * Invariants:
- *     1) A map with a residence count of zero is either swapped, or
- *        being swapped.
- *     2) A map with a non-zero residence count is either resident,
- *        or being swapped in.
+ * Returns pid of the task with the largest number of VM map entries.
+ * Used in the zone-map-exhaustion jetsam path.
  */
-
-int vm_map_swap_enable = 1;
-
-void vm_map_swapin (vm_map_t map)
+pid_t
+find_largest_process_vm_map_entries(void)
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
-
-       if (!vm_map_swap_enable)        /* debug */
-               return;
-
-       /*
-        * Map is locked
-        * First deal with various races.
-        */
-       if (map->sw_state == MAP_SW_IN)
-               /* 
-                * we raced with swapout and won.  Returning will incr.
-                * the res_count, turning the swapout into a nop.
-                */
-               return;
-
-       /*
-        * The residence count must be zero.  If we raced with another
-        * swapin, the state would have been IN; if we raced with a
-        * swapout (after another competing swapin), we must have lost
-        * the race to get here (see above comment), in which case
-        * res_count is still 0.
-        */
-       assert(map->res_count == 0);
-
-       /*
-        * There are no intermediate states of a map going out or
-        * coming in, since the map is locked during the transition.
-        */
-       assert(map->sw_state == MAP_SW_OUT);
-
-       /*
-        * We now operate upon each map entry.  If the entry is a sub- 
-        * or share-map, we call vm_map_res_reference upon it.
-        * If the entry is an object, we call vm_object_res_reference
-        * (this may iterate through the shadow chain).
-        * Note that we hold the map locked the entire time,
-        * even if we get back here via a recursive call in
-        * vm_map_res_reference.
-        */
-       entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
-
-       while (entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
-               if (entry->object.vm_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
-                               vm_map_t lmap = entry->object.sub_map;
-                               lck_mtx_lock(&lmap->s_lock);
-                               vm_map_res_reference(lmap);
-                               lck_mtx_unlock(&lmap->s_lock);
-                       } else {
-                               vm_object_t object = entry->object.vm_object;
-                               vm_object_lock(object);
-                               /*
-                                * This call may iterate through the
-                                * shadow chain.
-                                */
-                               vm_object_res_reference(object);
-                               vm_object_unlock(object);
-                       }
+       pid_t victim_pid = -1;
+       int max_vm_map_entries = 0;
+       task_t task = TASK_NULL;
+       queue_head_t *task_list = &tasks;
+
+       lck_mtx_lock(&tasks_threads_lock);
+       queue_iterate(task_list, task, task_t, tasks) {
+               if (task == kernel_task || !task->active) {
+                       continue;
                }
-               entry = entry->vme_next;
-       }
-       assert(map->sw_state == MAP_SW_OUT);
-       map->sw_state = MAP_SW_IN;
-}
-
-void vm_map_swapout(vm_map_t map)
-{
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       
-       /*
-        * Map is locked
-        * First deal with various races.
-        * If we raced with a swapin and lost, the residence count
-        * will have been incremented to 1, and we simply return.
-        */
-       lck_mtx_lock(&map->s_lock);
-       if (map->res_count != 0) {
-               lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
-               return;
-       }
-       lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
-
-       /*
-        * There are no intermediate states of a map going out or
-        * coming in, since the map is locked during the transition.
-        */
-       assert(map->sw_state == MAP_SW_IN);
-
-       if (!vm_map_swap_enable)
-               return;
 
-       /*
-        * We now operate upon each map entry.  If the entry is a sub- 
-        * or share-map, we call vm_map_res_deallocate upon it.
-        * If the entry is an object, we call vm_object_res_deallocate
-        * (this may iterate through the shadow chain).
-        * Note that we hold the map locked the entire time,
-        * even if we get back here via a recursive call in
-        * vm_map_res_deallocate.
-        */
-       entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
-
-       while (entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
-               if (entry->object.vm_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
-                               vm_map_t lmap = entry->object.sub_map;
-                               lck_mtx_lock(&lmap->s_lock);
-                               vm_map_res_deallocate(lmap);
-                               lck_mtx_unlock(&lmap->s_lock);
-                       } else {
-                               vm_object_t object = entry->object.vm_object;
-                               vm_object_lock(object);
-                               /*
-                                * This call may take a long time, 
-                                * since it could actively push 
-                                * out pages (if we implement it 
-                                * that way).
-                                */
-                               vm_object_res_deallocate(object);
-                               vm_object_unlock(object);
+               vm_map_t task_map = task->map;
+               if (task_map != VM_MAP_NULL) {
+                       int task_vm_map_entries = task_map->hdr.nentries;
+                       if (task_vm_map_entries > max_vm_map_entries) {
+                               max_vm_map_entries = task_vm_map_entries;
+                               victim_pid = pid_from_task(task);
                        }
                }
-               entry = entry->vme_next;
        }
-       assert(map->sw_state == MAP_SW_IN);
-       map->sw_state = MAP_SW_OUT;
-}
-
-#endif /* TASK_SWAPPER */
-
-
-/*
- *     SAVE_HINT_MAP_READ:
- *
- *     Saves the specified entry as the hint for
- *     future lookups.  only a read lock is held on map,
- *     so make sure the store is atomic... OSCompareAndSwap
- *     guarantees this... also, we don't care if we collide
- *     and someone else wins and stores their 'hint'
- */
-#define        SAVE_HINT_MAP_READ(map,value) \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                                                     \
-       OSCompareAndSwapPtr((map)->hint, value, &(map)->hint); \
-       MACRO_END
+       lck_mtx_unlock(&tasks_threads_lock);
 
+       printf("zone_map_exhaustion: victim pid %d, vm region count: %d\n", victim_pid, max_vm_map_entries);
+       return victim_pid;
+}
 
-/*
- *     SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE:
- *
- *     Saves the specified entry as the hint for
- *     future lookups.  write lock held on map,
- *     so no one else can be writing or looking
- *     until the lock is dropped, so it's safe
- *     to just do an assignment
- */
-#define        SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(map,value) \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                    \
-       (map)->hint = (value);         \
-       MACRO_END
 
 /*
  *     vm_map_lookup_entry:    [ internal use only ]
  *
- *     Finds the map entry containing (or
- *     immediately preceding) the specified address
- *     in the given map; the entry is returned
+ *     Calls into the vm map store layer to find the map
+ *     entry containing (or immediately preceding) the
+ *     specified address in the given map; the entry is returned
  *     in the "entry" parameter.  The boolean
  *     result indicates whether the address is
  *     actually contained in the map.
  */
 boolean_t
 vm_map_lookup_entry(
-       register vm_map_t               map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        address,
-       vm_map_entry_t          *entry)         /* OUT */
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t address,
+       vm_map_entry_t          *entry)         /* OUT */
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t         cur;
-       register vm_map_entry_t         last;
-
-       /*
-        *      Start looking either from the head of the
-        *      list, or from the hint.
-        */
-       cur = map->hint;
-
-       if (cur == vm_map_to_entry(map))
-               cur = cur->vme_next;
-
-       if (address >= cur->vme_start) {
-               /*
-                *      Go from hint to end of list.
-                *
-                *      But first, make a quick check to see if
-                *      we are already looking at the entry we
-                *      want (which is usually the case).
-                *      Note also that we don't need to save the hint
-                *      here... it is the same hint (unless we are
-                *      at the header, in which case the hint didn't
-                *      buy us anything anyway).
-                */
-               last = vm_map_to_entry(map);
-               if ((cur != last) && (cur->vme_end > address)) {
-                       *entry = cur;
-                       return(TRUE);
-               }
-       }
-       else {
-               /*
-                *      Go from start to hint, *inclusively*
-                */
-               last = cur->vme_next;
-               cur = vm_map_first_entry(map);
-       }
-
-       /*
-        *      Search linearly
-        */
-
-       while (cur != last) {
-               if (cur->vme_end > address) {
-                       if (address >= cur->vme_start) {
-                               /*
-                                *      Save this lookup for future
-                                *      hints, and return
-                                */
-
-                               *entry = cur;
-                               SAVE_HINT_MAP_READ(map, cur);
-
-                               return(TRUE);
-                       }
-                       break;
-               }
-               cur = cur->vme_next;
-       }
-       *entry = cur->vme_prev;
-       SAVE_HINT_MAP_READ(map, *entry);
-
-       return(FALSE);
+       return vm_map_store_lookup_entry( map, address, entry );
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1267,101 +1648,201 @@ vm_map_lookup_entry(
  *
  *             If an entry is allocated, the object/offset fields
  *             are initialized to zero.
+ *
+ *      If VM_MAP_FIND_LAST_FREE flag is set, allocate from end of map. This
+ *      is currently only used for allocating memory for zones backing
+ *      one of the kalloc heaps.(rdar://65832263)
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_find_space(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         *address,       /* OUT */
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
-       int                     flags,
-       vm_map_entry_t          *o_entry)       /* OUT */
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *address,       /* OUT */
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       vm_map_entry_t          *o_entry)       /* OUT */
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry, new_entry;
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start;
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry, new_entry, hole_entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t         start;
+       vm_map_offset_t         end;
 
        if (size == 0) {
                *address = 0;
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
 
-       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_GUARD_AFTER) {
-               /* account for the back guard page in the size */
-               size += PAGE_SIZE_64;
-       }
-
-       new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(map);
-
-       /*
-        *      Look for the first possible address; if there's already
-        *      something at this address, we have to start after it.
-        */
-
+       new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(map, FALSE);
        vm_map_lock(map);
 
-       assert(first_free_is_valid(map));
-       if ((entry = map->first_free) == vm_map_to_entry(map))
-               start = map->min_offset;
-       else
-               start = entry->vme_end;
-
-       /*
-        *      In any case, the "entry" always precedes
-        *      the proposed new region throughout the loop:
-        */
-
-       while (TRUE) {
-               register vm_map_entry_t next;
+       if (flags & VM_MAP_FIND_LAST_FREE) {
+               assert(!map->disable_vmentry_reuse);
+               /* TODO: Make backward lookup generic and support guard pages */
+               assert(!vmk_flags.vmkf_guard_after && !vmk_flags.vmkf_guard_before);
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
 
-               /*
-                *      Find the end of the proposed new region.
-                *      Be sure we didn't go beyond the end, or
-                *      wrap around the address.
-                */
+               /* Allocate space from end of map */
+               vm_map_store_find_last_free(map, &entry);
 
-               if (flags & VM_FLAGS_GUARD_BEFORE) {
-                       /* reserve space for the front guard page */
-                       start += PAGE_SIZE_64;
-               }
-               end = ((start + mask) & ~mask);
-                       
-               if (end < start) {
-                       vm_map_entry_dispose(map, new_entry);
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+               if (!entry) {
+                       goto noSpace;
                }
-               start = end;
-               end += size;
 
-               if ((end > map->max_offset) || (end < start)) {
-                       vm_map_entry_dispose(map, new_entry);
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+               if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                       end = map->max_offset;
+               } else {
+                       end = entry->vme_start;
                }
 
-               /*
-                *      If there are no more entries, we must win.
-                */
+               while (TRUE) {
+                       vm_map_entry_t prev;
 
-               next = entry->vme_next;
-               if (next == vm_map_to_entry(map))
-                       break;
+                       start = end - size;
+
+                       if ((start < map->min_offset) || end < start) {
+                               goto noSpace;
+                       }
+
+                       prev = entry->vme_prev;
+                       entry = prev;
+
+                       if (prev == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       if (prev->vme_end <= start) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        *      Didn't fit -- move to the next entry.
+                        */
+
+                       end = entry->vme_start;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if (vmk_flags.vmkf_guard_after) {
+                       /* account for the back guard page in the size */
+                       size += VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map);
+               }
 
                /*
-                *      If there is another entry, it must be
-                *      after the end of the potential new region.
+                *      Look for the first possible address; if there's already
+                *      something at this address, we have to start after it.
                 */
 
-               if (next->vme_start >= end)
-                       break;
+               if (map->disable_vmentry_reuse == TRUE) {
+                       VM_MAP_HIGHEST_ENTRY(map, entry, start);
+               } else {
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               hole_entry = CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list);
+
+                               if (hole_entry == NULL) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * No more space in the map?
+                                        */
+                                       goto noSpace;
+                               }
+
+                               entry = hole_entry;
+                               start = entry->vme_start;
+                       } else {
+                               assert(first_free_is_valid(map));
+                               if ((entry = map->first_free) == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                       start = map->min_offset;
+                               } else {
+                                       start = entry->vme_end;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
 
                /*
-                *      Didn't fit -- move to the next entry.
+                *      In any case, the "entry" always precedes
+                *      the proposed new region throughout the loop:
                 */
 
-               entry = next;
-               start = entry->vme_end;
+               while (TRUE) {
+                       vm_map_entry_t  next;
+
+                       /*
+                        *      Find the end of the proposed new region.
+                        *      Be sure we didn't go beyond the end, or
+                        *      wrap around the address.
+                        */
+
+                       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_guard_before) {
+                               /* reserve space for the front guard page */
+                               start += VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map);
+                       }
+                       end = ((start + mask) & ~mask);
+
+                       if (end < start) {
+                               goto noSpace;
+                       }
+                       start = end;
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(start, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+                       end += size;
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(end, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+
+                       if ((end > map->max_offset) || (end < start)) {
+                               goto noSpace;
+                       }
+
+                       next = entry->vme_next;
+
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               if (entry->vme_end >= end) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                *      If there are no more entries, we must win.
+                                *
+                                *      OR
+                                *
+                                *      If there is another entry, it must be
+                                *      after the end of the potential new region.
+                                */
+
+                               if (next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               if (next->vme_start >= end) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        *      Didn't fit -- move to the next entry.
+                        */
+
+                       entry = next;
+
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               if (entry == CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Wrapped around
+                                        */
+                                       goto noSpace;
+                               }
+                               start = entry->vme_start;
+                       } else {
+                               start = entry->vme_end;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (vmk_flags.vmkf_guard_before) {
+                       /* go back for the front guard page */
+                       start -= VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+               if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, entry->vme_start, &entry)) {
+                       panic("Found an existing entry (%p) instead of potential hole at address: 0x%llx.\n", entry, (unsigned long long)entry->vme_start);
+               }
        }
 
        /*
@@ -1374,22 +1855,23 @@ vm_map_find_space(
         *              the map should be locked.
         */
 
-       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_GUARD_BEFORE) {
-               /* go back for the front guard page */
-               start -= PAGE_SIZE_64;
-       }
        *address = start;
 
+       assert(start < end);
        new_entry->vme_start = start;
        new_entry->vme_end = end;
        assert(page_aligned(new_entry->vme_start));
        assert(page_aligned(new_entry->vme_end));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(new_entry->vme_start,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(new_entry->vme_end,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
 
        new_entry->is_shared = FALSE;
        new_entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
-       new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
-       new_entry->object.vm_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
-       new_entry->offset = (vm_object_offset_t) 0;
+       new_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+       VME_OBJECT_SET(new_entry, VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+       VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry, (vm_object_offset_t) 0);
 
        new_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
 
@@ -1404,18 +1886,32 @@ vm_map_find_space(
        new_entry->needs_wakeup = FALSE;
        new_entry->no_cache = FALSE;
        new_entry->permanent = FALSE;
-       new_entry->superpage_size = 0;
+       new_entry->superpage_size = FALSE;
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) != PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               new_entry->map_aligned = TRUE;
+       } else {
+               new_entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+       }
 
-       new_entry->alias = 0;
+       new_entry->used_for_jit = FALSE;
+       new_entry->pmap_cs_associated = FALSE;
        new_entry->zero_wired_pages = FALSE;
+       new_entry->iokit_acct = FALSE;
+       new_entry->vme_resilient_codesign = FALSE;
+       new_entry->vme_resilient_media = FALSE;
+       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_atomic_entry) {
+               new_entry->vme_atomic = TRUE;
+       } else {
+               new_entry->vme_atomic = FALSE;
+       }
 
-       VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, new_entry->alias);
+       VME_ALIAS_SET(new_entry, tag);
 
        /*
         *      Insert the new entry into the list
         */
 
-       vm_map_entry_link(map, entry, new_entry);
+       vm_map_store_entry_link(map, entry, new_entry, VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE);
 
        map->size += size;
 
@@ -1425,7 +1921,13 @@ vm_map_find_space(
        SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(map, new_entry);
 
        *o_entry = new_entry;
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+
+noSpace:
+
+       vm_map_entry_dispose(map, new_entry);
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
+       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
 }
 
 int vm_map_pmap_enter_print = FALSE;
@@ -1440,40 +1942,50 @@ int vm_map_pmap_enter_enable = FALSE;
  *             As soon as a page not found in the object the scan ends.
  *
  *     Returns:
- *             Nothing.  
+ *             Nothing.
  *
  *     In/out conditions:
  *             The source map should not be locked on entry.
  */
-static void
+__unused static void
 vm_map_pmap_enter(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        addr,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end_addr,
-       register vm_object_t    object,
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
-       vm_prot_t               protection)
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         addr,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end_addr,
+       vm_object_t             object,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       vm_prot_t               protection)
 {
-       int                     type_of_fault;
-       kern_return_t           kr;
+       int                     type_of_fault;
+       kern_return_t           kr;
+       struct vm_object_fault_info fault_info = {};
 
-       if(map->pmap == 0)
+       if (map->pmap == 0) {
                return;
+       }
+
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) == PAGE_SHIFT);
 
        while (addr < end_addr) {
-               register vm_page_t      m;
+               vm_page_t       m;
 
-               vm_object_lock(object);
 
-               m = vm_page_lookup(object, offset);
                /*
-                * ENCRYPTED SWAP:
-                * The user should never see encrypted data, so do not
-                * enter an encrypted page in the page table.
+                * TODO:
+                * From vm_map_enter(), we come into this function without the map
+                * lock held or the object lock held.
+                * We haven't taken a reference on the object either.
+                * We should do a proper lookup on the map to make sure
+                * that things are sane before we go locking objects that
+                * could have been deallocated from under us.
                 */
-               if (m == VM_PAGE_NULL || m->busy || m->encrypted ||
-                   m->fictitious ||
-                   (m->unusual && ( m->error || m->restart || m->absent))) {
+
+               vm_object_lock(object);
+
+               m = vm_page_lookup(object, offset);
+
+               if (m == VM_PAGE_NULL || m->vmp_busy || m->vmp_fictitious ||
+                   (m->vmp_unusual && (m->vmp_error || m->vmp_restart || m->vmp_absent))) {
                        vm_object_unlock(object);
                        return;
                }
@@ -1481,12 +1993,19 @@ vm_map_pmap_enter(
                if (vm_map_pmap_enter_print) {
                        printf("vm_map_pmap_enter:");
                        printf("map: %p, addr: %llx, object: %p, offset: %llx\n",
-                              map, (unsigned long long)addr, object, (unsigned long long)offset);
+                           map, (unsigned long long)addr, object, (unsigned long long)offset);
                }
                type_of_fault = DBG_CACHE_HIT_FAULT;
-               kr = vm_fault_enter(m, map->pmap, addr, protection,
-                                   VM_PAGE_WIRED(m), FALSE, FALSE,
-                                   &type_of_fault);
+               kr = vm_fault_enter(m, map->pmap,
+                   addr,
+                   PAGE_SIZE, 0,
+                   protection, protection,
+                   VM_PAGE_WIRED(m),
+                   FALSE,                 /* change_wiring */
+                   VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE,                 /* tag - not wiring */
+                   &fault_info,
+                   NULL,                  /* need_retry */
+                   &type_of_fault);
 
                vm_object_unlock(object);
 
@@ -1496,38 +2015,114 @@ vm_map_pmap_enter(
 }
 
 boolean_t vm_map_pmap_is_empty(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
        vm_map_offset_t end);
-boolean_t vm_map_pmap_is_empty(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end)
+boolean_t
+vm_map_pmap_is_empty(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end)
 {
 #ifdef MACHINE_PMAP_IS_EMPTY
        return pmap_is_empty(map->pmap, start, end);
-#else  /* MACHINE_PMAP_IS_EMPTY */
-       vm_map_offset_t offset;
-       ppnum_t         phys_page;
+#else   /* MACHINE_PMAP_IS_EMPTY */
+       vm_map_offset_t offset;
+       ppnum_t         phys_page;
 
        if (map->pmap == NULL) {
                return TRUE;
        }
 
        for (offset = start;
-            offset < end;
-            offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
+           offset < end;
+           offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
                phys_page = pmap_find_phys(map->pmap, offset);
                if (phys_page) {
                        kprintf("vm_map_pmap_is_empty(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx): "
-                               "page %d at 0x%llx\n",
-                               map, (long long)start, (long long)end,
-                               phys_page, (long long)offset);
+                           "page %d at 0x%llx\n",
+                           map, (long long)start, (long long)end,
+                           phys_page, (long long)offset);
                        return FALSE;
                }
        }
        return TRUE;
-#endif /* MACHINE_PMAP_IS_EMPTY */
+#endif  /* MACHINE_PMAP_IS_EMPTY */
+}
+
+#define MAX_TRIES_TO_GET_RANDOM_ADDRESS 1000
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_random_address_for_size(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t *address,
+       vm_map_size_t   size)
+{
+       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       int             tries = 0;
+       vm_map_offset_t random_addr = 0;
+       vm_map_offset_t hole_end;
+
+       vm_map_entry_t  next_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+       vm_map_entry_t  prev_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+       vm_map_size_t   vm_hole_size = 0;
+       vm_map_size_t   addr_space_size;
+
+       addr_space_size = vm_map_max(map) - vm_map_min(map);
+
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+
+       while (tries < MAX_TRIES_TO_GET_RANDOM_ADDRESS) {
+               if (startup_phase < STARTUP_SUB_ZALLOC) {
+                       random_addr = (vm_map_offset_t)early_random();
+               } else {
+                       random_addr = (vm_map_offset_t)random();
+               }
+               random_addr <<= VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map);
+               random_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(
+                       vm_map_min(map) + (random_addr % addr_space_size),
+                       VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+
+               if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, random_addr, &prev_entry) == FALSE) {
+                       if (prev_entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                               next_entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+                       } else {
+                               next_entry = prev_entry->vme_next;
+                       }
+                       if (next_entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                               hole_end = vm_map_max(map);
+                       } else {
+                               hole_end = next_entry->vme_start;
+                       }
+                       vm_hole_size = hole_end - random_addr;
+                       if (vm_hole_size >= size) {
+                               *address = random_addr;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               tries++;
+       }
+
+       if (tries == MAX_TRIES_TO_GET_RANDOM_ADDRESS) {
+               kr = KERN_NO_SPACE;
+       }
+       return kr;
+}
+
+static boolean_t
+vm_memory_malloc_no_cow(
+       int alias)
+{
+       uint64_t alias_mask;
+
+       if (alias > 63) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       alias_mask = 1ULL << alias;
+       if (alias_mask & vm_memory_malloc_no_cow_mask) {
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+       return FALSE;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1540,44 +2135,69 @@ boolean_t vm_map_pmap_is_empty(
  *
  *             Arguments are as defined in the vm_map call.
  */
-int _map_enter_debug = 0;
 static unsigned int vm_map_enter_restore_successes = 0;
 static unsigned int vm_map_enter_restore_failures = 0;
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_enter(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         *address,       /* IN/OUT */
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
-       int                     flags,
-       vm_object_t             object,
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
-       boolean_t               needs_copy,
-       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
-       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
-       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry, new_entry;
-       vm_map_offset_t         start, tmp_start, tmp_offset;
-       vm_map_offset_t         end, tmp_end;
-       vm_map_offset_t         tmp2_start, tmp2_end;
-       vm_map_offset_t         step;
-       kern_return_t           result = KERN_SUCCESS;
-       vm_map_t                zap_old_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
-       vm_map_t                zap_new_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
-       boolean_t               map_locked = FALSE;
-       boolean_t               pmap_empty = TRUE;
-       boolean_t               new_mapping_established = FALSE;
-       boolean_t               anywhere = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE) != 0);
-       boolean_t               purgable = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_PURGABLE) != 0);
-       boolean_t               overwrite = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE) != 0);
-       boolean_t               no_cache = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_NO_CACHE) != 0);
-       boolean_t               is_submap = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_SUBMAP) != 0);
-       boolean_t               permanent = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_PERMANENT) != 0);
-       unsigned int            superpage_size = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_MASK) >> VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_SHIFT);
-       char                    alias;
-       vm_map_offset_t         effective_min_offset, effective_max_offset;
-       kern_return_t           kr;
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *address,       /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                alias,
+       vm_object_t             object,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       boolean_t               needs_copy,
+       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry, new_entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t         start, tmp_start, tmp_offset;
+       vm_map_offset_t         end, tmp_end;
+       vm_map_offset_t         tmp2_start, tmp2_end;
+       vm_map_offset_t         desired_empty_end;
+       vm_map_offset_t         step;
+       kern_return_t           result = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       vm_map_t                zap_old_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+       vm_map_t                zap_new_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+       boolean_t               map_locked = FALSE;
+       boolean_t               pmap_empty = TRUE;
+       boolean_t               new_mapping_established = FALSE;
+       boolean_t               keep_map_locked = vmk_flags.vmkf_keep_map_locked;
+       boolean_t               anywhere = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE) != 0);
+       boolean_t               purgable = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_PURGABLE) != 0);
+       boolean_t               overwrite = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE) != 0);
+       boolean_t               no_cache = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_NO_CACHE) != 0);
+       boolean_t               is_submap = vmk_flags.vmkf_submap;
+       boolean_t               permanent = (((flags & VM_FLAGS_PERMANENT) != 0) || vmk_flags.vmkf_permanent);
+       boolean_t               no_copy_on_read = vmk_flags.vmkf_no_copy_on_read;
+       boolean_t               entry_for_jit = vmk_flags.vmkf_map_jit;
+       boolean_t               iokit_acct = vmk_flags.vmkf_iokit_acct;
+       boolean_t               translated_allow_execute = vmk_flags.vmkf_translated_allow_execute;
+       boolean_t               resilient_codesign = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_RESILIENT_CODESIGN) != 0);
+       boolean_t               resilient_media = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_RESILIENT_MEDIA) != 0);
+       boolean_t               random_address = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_RANDOM_ADDR) != 0);
+       unsigned int            superpage_size = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_MASK) >> VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_SHIFT);
+       vm_tag_t                user_alias;
+       vm_map_offset_t         effective_min_offset, effective_max_offset;
+       kern_return_t           kr;
+       boolean_t               clear_map_aligned = FALSE;
+       vm_map_entry_t          hole_entry;
+       vm_map_size_t           chunk_size = 0;
+
+       assertf(vmk_flags.__vmkf_unused == 0, "vmk_flags unused=0x%x\n", vmk_flags.__vmkf_unused);
+
+       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_4GB_CHUNK) {
+#if defined(__LP64__)
+               chunk_size = (4ULL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024); /* max. 4GB chunks for the new allocation */
+#else /* __LP64__ */
+               chunk_size = ANON_CHUNK_SIZE;
+#endif /* __LP64__ */
+       } else {
+               chunk_size = ANON_CHUNK_SIZE;
+       }
 
        if (superpage_size) {
                switch (superpage_size) {
@@ -1589,26 +2209,94 @@ vm_map_enter(
                         * with a lookup of the size depending on superpage_size.
                         */
 #ifdef __x86_64__
-                       case SUPERPAGE_SIZE_2MB:
-                               break;
+               case SUPERPAGE_SIZE_ANY:
+                       /* handle it like 2 MB and round up to page size */
+                       size = (size + 2 * 1024 * 1024 - 1) & ~(2 * 1024 * 1024 - 1);
+                       OS_FALLTHROUGH;
+               case SUPERPAGE_SIZE_2MB:
+                       break;
 #endif
-                       default:
-                               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               default:
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }
-               mask = SUPERPAGE_SIZE-1;
-               if (size & (SUPERPAGE_SIZE-1))
+               mask = SUPERPAGE_SIZE - 1;
+               if (size & (SUPERPAGE_SIZE - 1)) {
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-               inheritance = VM_INHERIT_NONE;  /* fork() children won't inherit superpages */
+               }
+               inheritance = VM_INHERIT_NONE;  /* fork() children won't inherit superpages */
+       }
+
+
+       if ((cur_protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) &&
+           (cur_protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+           map->pmap != kernel_pmap &&
+           (cs_process_global_enforcement() ||
+           (vmk_flags.vmkf_cs_enforcement_override
+           ? vmk_flags.vmkf_cs_enforcement
+           : (vm_map_cs_enforcement(map)
+#if __arm64__
+           || !VM_MAP_IS_EXOTIC(map)
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+           ))) &&
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+           (VM_MAP_POLICY_WX_FAIL(map) ||
+           VM_MAP_POLICY_WX_STRIP_X(map)) &&
+           !entry_for_jit) {
+               boolean_t vm_protect_wx_fail = VM_MAP_POLICY_WX_FAIL(map);
+
+               DTRACE_VM3(cs_wx,
+                   uint64_t, 0,
+                   uint64_t, 0,
+                   vm_prot_t, cur_protection);
+               printf("CODE SIGNING: %d[%s] %s: curprot cannot be write+execute. %s\n",
+                   proc_selfpid(),
+                   (current_task()->bsd_info
+                   ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                   : "?"),
+                   __FUNCTION__,
+                   (vm_protect_wx_fail ? "failing" : "turning off execute"));
+               cur_protection &= ~VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+               if (vm_protect_wx_fail) {
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
        }
 
-#if CONFIG_EMBEDDED
-       if (cur_protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) {
+       /*
+        * If the task has requested executable lockdown,
+        * deny any new executable mapping.
+        */
+       if (map->map_disallow_new_exec == TRUE) {
                if (cur_protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) {
-                       printf("EMBEDDED: %s curprot cannot be write+execute. turning off execute\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
-                       cur_protection &= ~VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (resilient_codesign) {
+               assert(!is_submap);
+               int reject_prot = (needs_copy ? VM_PROT_EXECUTE : (VM_PROT_WRITE | VM_PROT_EXECUTE));
+               if ((cur_protection | max_protection) & reject_prot) {
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (resilient_media) {
+               assert(!is_submap);
+//             assert(!needs_copy);
+               if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                   !object->internal) {
+                       /*
+                        * This mapping is directly backed by an external
+                        * memory manager (e.g. a vnode pager for a file):
+                        * we would not have any safe place to inject
+                        * a zero-filled page if an actual page is not
+                        * available, without possibly impacting the actual
+                        * contents of the mapped object (e.g. the file),
+                        * so we can't provide any media resiliency here.
+                        */
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }
        }
-#endif /* CONFIG_EMBEDDED */
 
        if (is_submap) {
                if (purgable) {
@@ -1620,7 +2308,7 @@ vm_map_enter(
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }
        }
-       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_ALREADY) {
+       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_already) {
                /*
                 * VM_FLAGS_ALREADY says that it's OK if the same mapping
                 * is already present.  For it to be meaningul, the requested
@@ -1634,39 +2322,80 @@ vm_map_enter(
                }
        }
 
-       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_BELOW_MIN) {
-               /*
-                * Allow an insertion below the map's min offset.
-                */
-               effective_min_offset = 0ULL;
-       } else {
-               effective_min_offset = map->min_offset;
-       }
+       effective_min_offset = map->min_offset;
 
-       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_BEYOND_MAX) {
+       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_beyond_max) {
                /*
                 * Allow an insertion beyond the map's max offset.
                 */
-               if (vm_map_is_64bit(map))
+#if     !defined(__arm__)
+               if (vm_map_is_64bit(map)) {
                        effective_max_offset = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000ULL;
-               else
-                       effective_max_offset = 0x00000000FFFFF000ULL;
+               } else
+#endif  /* __arm__ */
+               effective_max_offset = 0x00000000FFFFF000ULL;
        } else {
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+               if (__improbable(vmk_flags.vmkf_32bit_map_va)) {
+                       effective_max_offset = MIN(map->max_offset, 0x00000000FFFFF000ULL);
+               } else {
+                       effective_max_offset = map->max_offset;
+               }
+#else /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
                effective_max_offset = map->max_offset;
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
        }
 
        if (size == 0 ||
-           (offset & PAGE_MASK_64) != 0) {
+           (offset & MIN(VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map), PAGE_MASK_64)) != 0) {
                *address = 0;
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
 
-       VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, alias);
+       if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+               user_alias = VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE;
+       } else {
+               user_alias = alias;
+       }
+
+       if (user_alias == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_MEDIUM) {
+               chunk_size = MALLOC_MEDIUM_CHUNK_SIZE;
+       }
+
+#define RETURN(value)   { result = value; goto BailOut; }
 
-#define        RETURN(value)   { result = value; goto BailOut; }
+       assertf(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(*address, FOURK_PAGE_MASK), "0x%llx", (uint64_t)*address);
+       assertf(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(size, FOURK_PAGE_MASK), "0x%llx", (uint64_t)size);
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map) >= PAGE_MASK) {
+               assertf(page_aligned(*address), "0x%llx", (uint64_t)*address);
+               assertf(page_aligned(size), "0x%llx", (uint64_t)size);
+       }
 
-       assert(page_aligned(*address));
-       assert(page_aligned(size));
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map) >= PAGE_MASK &&
+           !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map))) {
+               /*
+                * In most cases, the caller rounds the size up to the
+                * map's page size.
+                * If we get a size that is explicitly not map-aligned here,
+                * we'll have to respect the caller's wish and mark the
+                * mapping as "not map-aligned" to avoid tripping the
+                * map alignment checks later.
+                */
+               clear_map_aligned = TRUE;
+       }
+       if (!anywhere &&
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map) >= PAGE_MASK &&
+           !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(*address, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map))) {
+               /*
+                * We've been asked to map at a fixed address and that
+                * address is not aligned to the map's specific alignment.
+                * The caller should know what it's doing (i.e. most likely
+                * mapping some fragmented copy map, transferring memory from
+                * a VM map with a different alignment), so clear map_aligned
+                * for this new VM map entry and proceed.
+                */
+               clear_map_aligned = TRUE;
+       }
 
        /*
         * Only zero-fill objects are allowed to be purgable.
@@ -1674,11 +2403,12 @@ vm_map_enter(
         */
        if (purgable &&
            (offset != 0 ||
-            (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
-             (object->size != size ||
-              object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_DENY))
-            || size > ANON_MAX_SIZE)) /* LP64todo: remove when dp capable */
+           (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+           (object->vo_size != size ||
+           object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_DENY))
+           || size > ANON_MAX_SIZE)) { /* LP64todo: remove when dp capable */
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
        if (!anywhere && overwrite) {
                /*
@@ -1691,12 +2421,14 @@ vm_map_enter(
                 * new mapping fails.
                 */
                zap_old_map = vm_map_create(PMAP_NULL,
-                                           *address,
-                                           *address + size,
-                                           map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+                   *address,
+                   *address + size,
+                   map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+               vm_map_set_page_shift(zap_old_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map));
+               vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(zap_old_map);
        }
 
-StartAgain: ;
+StartAgain:;
 
        start = *address;
 
@@ -1704,14 +2436,46 @@ StartAgain: ;
                vm_map_lock(map);
                map_locked = TRUE;
 
+               if (entry_for_jit) {
+                       if (map->jit_entry_exists &&
+                           !VM_MAP_POLICY_ALLOW_MULTIPLE_JIT(map)) {
+                               result = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                               goto BailOut;
+                       }
+                       if (VM_MAP_POLICY_ALLOW_JIT_RANDOM_ADDRESS(map)) {
+                               random_address = TRUE;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (random_address) {
+                       /*
+                        * Get a random start address.
+                        */
+                       result = vm_map_random_address_for_size(map, address, size);
+                       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               goto BailOut;
+                       }
+                       start = *address;
+               }
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+               else if ((start == 0 || start == vm_map_min(map)) &&
+                   !map->disable_vmentry_reuse &&
+                   map->vmmap_high_start != 0) {
+                       start = map->vmmap_high_start;
+               }
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+
+
                /*
                 *      Calculate the first possible address.
                 */
 
-               if (start < effective_min_offset)
+               if (start < effective_min_offset) {
                        start = effective_min_offset;
-               if (start > effective_max_offset)
+               }
+               if (start > effective_max_offset) {
                        RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+               }
 
                /*
                 *      Look for the first possible address;
@@ -1719,15 +2483,84 @@ StartAgain: ;
                 *      address, we have to start after it.
                 */
 
-               assert(first_free_is_valid(map));
-               if (start == effective_min_offset) {
-                       if ((entry = map->first_free) != vm_map_to_entry(map))
-                               start = entry->vme_end;
+               if (map->disable_vmentry_reuse == TRUE) {
+                       VM_MAP_HIGHEST_ENTRY(map, entry, start);
                } else {
-                       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;
-                       if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry))
-                               start = tmp_entry->vme_end;
-                       entry = tmp_entry;
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               hole_entry = CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list);
+
+                               if (hole_entry == NULL) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * No more space in the map?
+                                        */
+                                       result = KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                                       goto BailOut;
+                               } else {
+                                       boolean_t found_hole = FALSE;
+
+                                       do {
+                                               if (hole_entry->vme_start >= start) {
+                                                       start = hole_entry->vme_start;
+                                                       found_hole = TRUE;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+
+                                               if (hole_entry->vme_end > start) {
+                                                       found_hole = TRUE;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                               hole_entry = hole_entry->vme_next;
+                                       } while (hole_entry != CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list));
+
+                                       if (found_hole == FALSE) {
+                                               result = KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                                               goto BailOut;
+                                       }
+
+                                       entry = hole_entry;
+
+                                       if (start == 0) {
+                                               start += PAGE_SIZE_64;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               assert(first_free_is_valid(map));
+
+                               entry = map->first_free;
+
+                               if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                       entry = NULL;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (entry->vme_next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                               /*
+                                                * Hole at the end of the map.
+                                                */
+                                               entry = NULL;
+                                       } else {
+                                               if (start < (entry->vme_next)->vme_start) {
+                                                       start = entry->vme_end;
+                                                       start = vm_map_round_page(start,
+                                                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+                                               } else {
+                                                       /*
+                                                        * Need to do a lookup.
+                                                        */
+                                                       entry = NULL;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (entry == NULL) {
+                                       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;
+                                       if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
+                                               assert(!entry_for_jit);
+                                               start = tmp_entry->vme_end;
+                                               start = vm_map_round_page(start,
+                                                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+                                       }
+                                       entry = tmp_entry;
+                               }
+                       }
                }
 
                /*
@@ -1737,7 +2570,7 @@ StartAgain: ;
                 */
 
                while (TRUE) {
-                       register vm_map_entry_t next;
+                       vm_map_entry_t  next;
 
                        /*
                         *      Find the end of the proposed new region.
@@ -1746,17 +2579,26 @@ StartAgain: ;
                         */
 
                        end = ((start + mask) & ~mask);
-                       if (end < start)
+                       end = vm_map_round_page(end,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+                       if (end < start) {
                                RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+                       }
                        start = end;
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(start,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
                        end += size;
 
-                       if ((end > effective_max_offset) || (end < start)) {
+                       /* We want an entire page of empty space, but don't increase the allocation size. */
+                       desired_empty_end = vm_map_round_page(end, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+
+                       if ((desired_empty_end > effective_max_offset) || (desired_empty_end < start)) {
                                if (map->wait_for_space) {
+                                       assert(!keep_map_locked);
                                        if (size <= (effective_max_offset -
-                                                    effective_min_offset)) {
+                                           effective_min_offset)) {
                                                assert_wait((event_t)map,
-                                                           THREAD_ABORTSAFE);
+                                                   THREAD_ABORTSAFE);
                                                vm_map_unlock(map);
                                                map_locked = FALSE;
                                                thread_block(THREAD_CONTINUE_NULL);
@@ -1766,31 +2608,75 @@ StartAgain: ;
                                RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
                        }
 
-                       /*
-                        *      If there are no more entries, we must win.
-                        */
-
                        next = entry->vme_next;
-                       if (next == vm_map_to_entry(map))
-                               break;
 
-                       /*
-                        *      If there is another entry, it must be
-                        *      after the end of the potential new region.
-                        */
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               if (entry->vme_end >= desired_empty_end) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                *      If there are no more entries, we must win.
+                                *
+                                *      OR
+                                *
+                                *      If there is another entry, it must be
+                                *      after the end of the potential new region.
+                                */
 
-                       if (next->vme_start >= end)
-                               break;
+                               if (next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               if (next->vme_start >= desired_empty_end) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
 
                        /*
                         *      Didn't fit -- move to the next entry.
                         */
 
                        entry = next;
-                       start = entry->vme_end;
+
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               if (entry == CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Wrapped around
+                                        */
+                                       result = KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                                       goto BailOut;
+                               }
+                               start = entry->vme_start;
+                       } else {
+                               start = entry->vme_end;
+                       }
+
+                       start = vm_map_round_page(start,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
                }
+
+               if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                       if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, entry->vme_start, &entry)) {
+                               panic("Found an existing entry (%p) instead of potential hole at address: 0x%llx.\n", entry, (unsigned long long)entry->vme_start);
+                       }
+               }
+
                *address = start;
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(*address,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
        } else {
+               if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) < PAGE_SHIFT &&
+                   !overwrite &&
+                   user_alias == VM_MEMORY_REALLOC) {
+                       /*
+                        * Force realloc() to switch to a new allocation,
+                        * to prevent 4k-fragmented virtual ranges.
+                        */
+//                     DEBUG4K_ERROR("no realloc in place");
+                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+               }
+
                /*
                 *      Verify that:
                 *              the address doesn't itself violate
@@ -1799,8 +2685,9 @@ StartAgain: ;
 
                vm_map_lock(map);
                map_locked = TRUE;
-               if ((start & mask) != 0)
+               if ((start & mask) != 0) {
                        RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+               }
 
                /*
                 *      ...     the address is within bounds
@@ -1815,14 +2702,21 @@ StartAgain: ;
                }
 
                if (overwrite && zap_old_map != VM_MAP_NULL) {
+                       int remove_flags;
                        /*
                         * Fixed mapping and "overwrite" flag: attempt to
                         * remove all existing mappings in the specified
                         * address range, saving them in our "zap_old_map".
                         */
+                       remove_flags = VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES;
+                       remove_flags |= VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_MAP_ALIGN;
+                       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_overwrite_immutable) {
+                               /* we can overwrite immutable mappings */
+                               remove_flags |= VM_MAP_REMOVE_IMMUTABLE;
+                       }
                        (void) vm_map_delete(map, start, end,
-                                            VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES,
-                                            zap_old_map);
+                           remove_flags,
+                           zap_old_map);
                }
 
                /*
@@ -1830,7 +2724,7 @@ StartAgain: ;
                 */
 
                if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
-                       if (! (flags & VM_FLAGS_ALREADY)) {
+                       if (!(vmk_flags.vmkf_already)) {
                                RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
                        }
                        /*
@@ -1841,10 +2735,9 @@ StartAgain: ;
                        if (entry->vme_start < start) {
                                tmp_start -= start - entry->vme_start;
                                tmp_offset -= start - entry->vme_start;
-                               
                        }
                        for (; entry->vme_start < end;
-                            entry = entry->vme_next) {
+                           entry = entry->vme_next) {
                                /*
                                 * Check if the mapping's attributes
                                 * match the existing map entry.
@@ -1852,12 +2745,13 @@ StartAgain: ;
                                if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map) ||
                                    entry->vme_start != tmp_start ||
                                    entry->is_sub_map != is_submap ||
-                                   entry->offset != tmp_offset ||
+                                   VME_OFFSET(entry) != tmp_offset ||
                                    entry->needs_copy != needs_copy ||
                                    entry->protection != cur_protection ||
                                    entry->max_protection != max_protection ||
                                    entry->inheritance != inheritance ||
-                                   entry->alias != alias) {
+                                   entry->iokit_acct != iokit_acct ||
+                                   VME_ALIAS(entry) != alias) {
                                        /* not the same mapping ! */
                                        RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
                                }
@@ -1865,21 +2759,21 @@ StartAgain: ;
                                 * Check if the same object is being mapped.
                                 */
                                if (is_submap) {
-                                       if (entry->object.sub_map !=
+                                       if (VME_SUBMAP(entry) !=
                                            (vm_map_t) object) {
                                                /* not the same submap */
                                                RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
                                        }
                                } else {
-                                       if (entry->object.vm_object != object) {
+                                       if (VME_OBJECT(entry) != object) {
                                                /* not the same VM object... */
                                                vm_object_t obj2;
 
-                                               obj2 = entry->object.vm_object;
+                                               obj2 = VME_OBJECT(entry);
                                                if ((obj2 == VM_OBJECT_NULL ||
-                                                    obj2->internal) &&
+                                                   obj2->internal) &&
                                                    (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL ||
-                                                    object->internal)) {
+                                                   object->internal)) {
                                                        /*
                                                         * ... but both are
                                                         * anonymous memory,
@@ -1908,8 +2802,9 @@ StartAgain: ;
                 */
 
                if ((entry->vme_next != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-                   (entry->vme_next->vme_start < end))
+                   (entry->vme_next->vme_start < end)) {
                        RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+               }
        }
 
        /*
@@ -1931,46 +2826,106 @@ StartAgain: ;
         *      semantics.
         */
 
-       if (purgable) {
+       if (purgable ||
+           entry_for_jit ||
+           vm_memory_malloc_no_cow(user_alias)) {
                if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                        object = vm_object_allocate(size);
                        object->copy_strategy = MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE;
-                       object->purgable = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
+                       object->true_share = FALSE;
+                       if (purgable) {
+                               task_t owner;
+                               object->purgable = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
+                               if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Purgeable mappings made in a kernel
+                                        * map are "owned" by the kernel itself
+                                        * rather than the current user task
+                                        * because they're likely to be used by
+                                        * more than this user task (see
+                                        * execargs_purgeable_allocate(), for
+                                        * example).
+                                        */
+                                       owner = kernel_task;
+                               } else {
+                                       owner = current_task();
+                               }
+                               assert(object->vo_owner == NULL);
+                               assert(object->resident_page_count == 0);
+                               assert(object->wired_page_count == 0);
+                               vm_object_lock(object);
+                               vm_purgeable_nonvolatile_enqueue(object, owner);
+                               vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       }
                        offset = (vm_object_offset_t)0;
                }
+       } else if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               /* no coalescing if address space uses sub-pages */
        } else if ((is_submap == FALSE) &&
-                  (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
-                  (entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-                  (entry->vme_end == start) &&
-                  (!entry->is_shared) &&
-                  (!entry->is_sub_map) &&
-                  (entry->alias == alias) &&
-                  (entry->inheritance == inheritance) &&
-                  (entry->protection == cur_protection) &&
-                  (entry->max_protection == max_protection) &&
-                  (entry->behavior == VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT) &&
-                  (entry->in_transition == 0) &&
-                  (entry->no_cache == no_cache) &&
-                  ((entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start) + size <=
-                   (alias == VM_MEMORY_REALLOC ?
-                    ANON_CHUNK_SIZE :
-                    NO_COALESCE_LIMIT)) &&
-                  (entry->wired_count == 0)) { /* implies user_wired_count == 0 */
-               if (vm_object_coalesce(entry->object.vm_object,
-                                      VM_OBJECT_NULL,
-                                      entry->offset,
-                                      (vm_object_offset_t) 0,
-                                      (vm_map_size_t)(entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start),
-                                      (vm_map_size_t)(end - entry->vme_end))) {
-
+           (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
+           (entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
+           (entry->vme_end == start) &&
+           (!entry->is_shared) &&
+           (!entry->is_sub_map) &&
+           (!entry->in_transition) &&
+           (!entry->needs_wakeup) &&
+           (entry->behavior == VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT) &&
+           (entry->protection == cur_protection) &&
+           (entry->max_protection == max_protection) &&
+           (entry->inheritance == inheritance) &&
+           ((user_alias == VM_MEMORY_REALLOC) ||
+           (VME_ALIAS(entry) == alias)) &&
+           (entry->no_cache == no_cache) &&
+           (entry->permanent == permanent) &&
+           /* no coalescing for immutable executable mappings */
+           !((entry->protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+           entry->permanent) &&
+           (!entry->superpage_size && !superpage_size) &&
+           /*
+            * No coalescing if not map-aligned, to avoid propagating
+            * that condition any further than needed:
+            */
+           (!entry->map_aligned || !clear_map_aligned) &&
+           (!entry->zero_wired_pages) &&
+           (!entry->used_for_jit && !entry_for_jit) &&
+           (!entry->pmap_cs_associated) &&
+           (entry->iokit_acct == iokit_acct) &&
+           (!entry->vme_resilient_codesign) &&
+           (!entry->vme_resilient_media) &&
+           (!entry->vme_atomic) &&
+           (entry->vme_no_copy_on_read == no_copy_on_read) &&
+
+           ((entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start) + size <=
+           (user_alias == VM_MEMORY_REALLOC ?
+           ANON_CHUNK_SIZE :
+           NO_COALESCE_LIMIT)) &&
+
+           (entry->wired_count == 0)) {        /* implies user_wired_count == 0 */
+               if (vm_object_coalesce(VME_OBJECT(entry),
+                   VM_OBJECT_NULL,
+                   VME_OFFSET(entry),
+                   (vm_object_offset_t) 0,
+                   (vm_map_size_t)(entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start),
+                   (vm_map_size_t)(end - entry->vme_end))) {
                        /*
                         *      Coalesced the two objects - can extend
                         *      the previous map entry to include the
                         *      new range.
                         */
                        map->size += (end - entry->vme_end);
+                       assert(entry->vme_start < end);
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(end,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+                       if (__improbable(vm_debug_events)) {
+                               DTRACE_VM5(map_entry_extend, vm_map_t, map, vm_map_entry_t, entry, vm_address_t, entry->vme_start, vm_address_t, entry->vme_end, vm_address_t, end);
+                       }
                        entry->vme_end = end;
-                       UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(map, map->first_free);
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, entry, TRUE);
+                       } else {
+                               vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, map->first_free, TRUE);
+                       }
+                       new_mapping_established = TRUE;
                        RETURN(KERN_SUCCESS);
                }
        }
@@ -1978,156 +2933,214 @@ StartAgain: ;
        step = superpage_size ? SUPERPAGE_SIZE : (end - start);
        new_entry = NULL;
 
-       for (tmp2_start = start; tmp2_start<end; tmp2_start += step) {
+       for (tmp2_start = start; tmp2_start < end; tmp2_start += step) {
                tmp2_end = tmp2_start + step;
                /*
                 *      Create a new entry
-                *      LP64todo - for now, we can only allocate 4GB internal objects
-                *      because the default pager can't page bigger ones.  Remove this
-                *      when it can.
                 *
                 * XXX FBDP
                 * The reserved "page zero" in each process's address space can
-                * be arbitrarily large.  Splitting it into separate 4GB objects and
+                * be arbitrarily large.  Splitting it into separate objects and
                 * therefore different VM map entries serves no purpose and just
                 * slows down operations on the VM map, so let's not split the
-                * allocation into 4GB chunks if the max protection is NONE.  That
+                * allocation into chunks if the max protection is NONE.  That
                 * memory should never be accessible, so it will never get to the
                 * default pager.
                 */
                tmp_start = tmp2_start;
                if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
-                   size > (vm_map_size_t)ANON_CHUNK_SIZE &&
+                   size > chunk_size &&
                    max_protection != VM_PROT_NONE &&
-                   superpage_size == 0) 
-                       tmp_end = tmp_start + (vm_map_size_t)ANON_CHUNK_SIZE;
-               else
+                   superpage_size == 0) {
+                       tmp_end = tmp_start + chunk_size;
+               } else {
                        tmp_end = tmp2_end;
+               }
                do {
-                       new_entry = vm_map_entry_insert(map, entry, tmp_start, tmp_end,
-                                                       object, offset, needs_copy,
-                                                       FALSE, FALSE,
-                                                       cur_protection, max_protection,
-                                                       VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT,
-                                                       inheritance, 0, no_cache,
-                                                       permanent, superpage_size);
-                       new_entry->alias = alias;
+                       new_entry = vm_map_entry_insert(map,
+                           entry, tmp_start, tmp_end,
+                           object, offset, vmk_flags,
+                           needs_copy, FALSE, FALSE,
+                           cur_protection, max_protection,
+                           VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT,
+                           (entry_for_jit && !VM_MAP_POLICY_ALLOW_JIT_INHERIT(map) ?
+                           VM_INHERIT_NONE : inheritance),
+                           0,
+                           no_cache,
+                           permanent,
+                           no_copy_on_read,
+                           superpage_size,
+                           clear_map_aligned,
+                           is_submap,
+                           entry_for_jit,
+                           alias,
+                           translated_allow_execute);
+
+                       assert((object != kernel_object) || (VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE != alias));
+
+                       if (resilient_codesign) {
+                               int reject_prot = (needs_copy ? VM_PROT_EXECUTE : (VM_PROT_WRITE | VM_PROT_EXECUTE));
+                               if (!((cur_protection | max_protection) & reject_prot)) {
+                                       new_entry->vme_resilient_codesign = TRUE;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (resilient_media &&
+                           (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL ||
+                           object->internal)) {
+                               new_entry->vme_resilient_media = TRUE;
+                       }
+
+                       assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+                       if (!is_submap &&
+                           object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                           (object->purgable != VM_PURGABLE_DENY ||
+                           object->vo_ledger_tag)) {
+                               assert(new_entry->use_pmap);
+                               assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+                               /*
+                                * Turn off pmap accounting since
+                                * purgeable (or tagged) objects have their
+                                * own ledgers.
+                                */
+                               new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+                       } else if (!is_submap &&
+                           iokit_acct &&
+                           object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                           object->internal) {
+                               /* alternate accounting */
+                               assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+                               assert(new_entry->use_pmap);
+                               new_entry->iokit_acct = TRUE;
+                               new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+                               DTRACE_VM4(
+                                       vm_map_iokit_mapped_region,
+                                       vm_map_t, map,
+                                       vm_map_offset_t, new_entry->vme_start,
+                                       vm_map_offset_t, new_entry->vme_end,
+                                       int, VME_ALIAS(new_entry));
+                               vm_map_iokit_mapped_region(
+                                       map,
+                                       (new_entry->vme_end -
+                                       new_entry->vme_start));
+                       } else if (!is_submap) {
+                               assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+                               assert(new_entry->use_pmap);
+                       }
+
                        if (is_submap) {
-                               vm_map_t        submap;
-                               boolean_t       submap_is_64bit;
-                               boolean_t       use_pmap;
+                               vm_map_t        submap;
+                               boolean_t       submap_is_64bit;
+                               boolean_t       use_pmap;
 
-                               new_entry->is_sub_map = TRUE;
+                               assert(new_entry->is_sub_map);
+                               assert(!new_entry->use_pmap);
+                               assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
                                submap = (vm_map_t) object;
                                submap_is_64bit = vm_map_is_64bit(submap);
-                               use_pmap = (alias == VM_MEMORY_SHARED_PMAP);
-       #ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP 
+                               use_pmap = vmk_flags.vmkf_nested_pmap;
+#ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP
                                if (use_pmap && submap->pmap == NULL) {
+                                       ledger_t ledger = map->pmap->ledger;
                                        /* we need a sub pmap to nest... */
-                                       submap->pmap = pmap_create(0, submap_is_64bit);
+                                       submap->pmap = pmap_create_options(ledger, 0,
+                                           submap_is_64bit ? PMAP_CREATE_64BIT : 0);
                                        if (submap->pmap == NULL) {
                                                /* let's proceed without nesting... */
                                        }
+#if     defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
+                                       else {
+                                               pmap_set_nested(submap->pmap);
+                                       }
+#endif
                                }
                                if (use_pmap && submap->pmap != NULL) {
-                                       kr = pmap_nest(map->pmap,
-                                                      submap->pmap,
-                                                      tmp_start,
-                                                      tmp_start,
-                                                      tmp_end - tmp_start);
+                                       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) != VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(submap)) {
+                                               DEBUG4K_ERROR("map %p (%d) submap %p (%d): incompatible page sizes\n", map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map), submap, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(submap));
+                                               kr = KERN_FAILURE;
+                                       } else {
+                                               kr = pmap_nest(map->pmap,
+                                                   submap->pmap,
+                                                   tmp_start,
+                                                   tmp_end - tmp_start);
+                                       }
                                        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                                printf("vm_map_enter: "
-                                                      "pmap_nest(0x%llx,0x%llx) "
-                                                      "error 0x%x\n",
-                                                      (long long)tmp_start,
-                                                      (long long)tmp_end,
-                                                      kr);
+                                                   "pmap_nest(0x%llx,0x%llx) "
+                                                   "error 0x%x\n",
+                                                   (long long)tmp_start,
+                                                   (long long)tmp_end,
+                                                   kr);
                                        } else {
                                                /* we're now nested ! */
                                                new_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
                                                pmap_empty = FALSE;
                                        }
                                }
-       #endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
+#endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
                        }
                        entry = new_entry;
 
                        if (superpage_size) {
                                vm_page_t pages, m;
                                vm_object_t sp_object;
+                               vm_object_offset_t sp_offset;
 
-                               entry->offset = 0;
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, 0);
 
                                /* allocate one superpage */
-                               kr = cpm_allocate(SUPERPAGE_SIZE, &pages, 0, SUPERPAGE_NBASEPAGES-1, TRUE, 0);
+                               kr = cpm_allocate(SUPERPAGE_SIZE, &pages, 0, SUPERPAGE_NBASEPAGES - 1, TRUE, 0);
                                if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                                       new_mapping_established = TRUE; /* will cause deallocation of whole range */
+                                       /* deallocate whole range... */
+                                       new_mapping_established = TRUE;
+                                       /* ... but only up to "tmp_end" */
+                                       size -= end - tmp_end;
                                        RETURN(kr);
                                }
 
                                /* create one vm_object per superpage */
                                sp_object = vm_object_allocate((vm_map_size_t)(entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start));
                                sp_object->phys_contiguous = TRUE;
-                               sp_object->shadow_offset = (vm_object_offset_t)pages->phys_page*PAGE_SIZE;
-                               entry->object.vm_object = sp_object;
+                               sp_object->vo_shadow_offset = (vm_object_offset_t)VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(pages) * PAGE_SIZE;
+                               VME_OBJECT_SET(entry, sp_object);
+                               assert(entry->use_pmap);
 
                                /* enter the base pages into the object */
                                vm_object_lock(sp_object);
-                               for (offset = 0; offset < SUPERPAGE_SIZE; offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
+                               for (sp_offset = 0;
+                                   sp_offset < SUPERPAGE_SIZE;
+                                   sp_offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
                                        m = pages;
-                                       pmap_zero_page(m->phys_page);
+                                       pmap_zero_page(VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m));
                                        pages = NEXT_PAGE(m);
                                        *(NEXT_PAGE_PTR(m)) = VM_PAGE_NULL;
-                                       vm_page_insert(m, sp_object, offset);
+                                       vm_page_insert_wired(m, sp_object, sp_offset, VM_KERN_MEMORY_OSFMK);
                                }
                                vm_object_unlock(sp_object);
                        }
-               } while (tmp_end != tmp2_end && 
-                        (tmp_start = tmp_end) &&
-                        (tmp_end = (tmp2_end - tmp_end > (vm_map_size_t)ANON_CHUNK_SIZE) ? 
-                         tmp_end + (vm_map_size_t)ANON_CHUNK_SIZE : tmp2_end));
+               } while (tmp_end != tmp2_end &&
+                   (tmp_start = tmp_end) &&
+                   (tmp_end = (tmp2_end - tmp_end > chunk_size) ?
+                   tmp_end + chunk_size : tmp2_end));
        }
 
-       vm_map_unlock(map);
-       map_locked = FALSE;
-
        new_mapping_established = TRUE;
 
-       /*      Wire down the new entry if the user
-        *      requested all new map entries be wired.
-        */
-       if ((map->wiring_required)||(superpage_size)) {
-               pmap_empty = FALSE; /* pmap won't be empty */
-               result = vm_map_wire(map, start, end,
-                                    new_entry->protection, TRUE);
-               RETURN(result);
-       }
-
-       if ((object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
-           (vm_map_pmap_enter_enable) &&
-           (!anywhere)  &&
-           (!needs_copy) && 
-           (size < (128*1024))) {
-               pmap_empty = FALSE; /* pmap won't be empty */
-
-               if (override_nx(map, alias) && cur_protection)
-                       cur_protection |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
-
-               vm_map_pmap_enter(map, start, end, 
-                                 object, offset, cur_protection);
-       }
+BailOut:
+       assert(map_locked == TRUE);
 
-BailOut: ;
        if (result == KERN_SUCCESS) {
                vm_prot_t pager_prot;
                memory_object_t pager;
 
+#if DEBUG
                if (pmap_empty &&
-                   !(flags & VM_FLAGS_NO_PMAP_CHECK)) {
+                   !(vmk_flags.vmkf_no_pmap_check)) {
                        assert(vm_map_pmap_is_empty(map,
-                                                   *address,
-                                                   *address+size));
+                           *address,
+                           *address + size));
                }
+#endif /* DEBUG */
 
                /*
                 * For "named" VM objects, let the pager know that the
@@ -2167,7 +3180,35 @@ BailOut: ;
                        }
                        vm_object_unlock(object);
                }
-       } else {
+       }
+
+       assert(map_locked == TRUE);
+
+       if (!keep_map_locked) {
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+               map_locked = FALSE;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * We can't hold the map lock if we enter this block.
+        */
+
+       if (result == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               /*      Wire down the new entry if the user
+                *      requested all new map entries be wired.
+                */
+               if ((map->wiring_required) || (superpage_size)) {
+                       assert(!keep_map_locked);
+                       pmap_empty = FALSE; /* pmap won't be empty */
+                       kr = vm_map_wire_kernel(map, start, end,
+                           new_entry->protection, VM_KERN_MEMORY_MLOCK,
+                           TRUE);
+                       result = kr;
+               }
+
+       }
+
+       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                if (new_mapping_established) {
                        /*
                         * We have to get rid of the new mappings since we
@@ -2176,20 +3217,25 @@ BailOut: ;
                         * that someone else create new mappings that range.
                         */
                        zap_new_map = vm_map_create(PMAP_NULL,
-                                                   *address,
-                                                   *address + size,
-                                                   map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+                           *address,
+                           *address + size,
+                           map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+                       vm_map_set_page_shift(zap_new_map,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map));
+                       vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(zap_new_map);
+
                        if (!map_locked) {
                                vm_map_lock(map);
                                map_locked = TRUE;
                        }
-                       (void) vm_map_delete(map, *address, *address+size,
-                                            VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES,
-                                            zap_new_map);
+                       (void) vm_map_delete(map, *address, *address + size,
+                           (VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES |
+                           VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_MAP_ALIGN),
+                           zap_new_map);
                }
                if (zap_old_map != VM_MAP_NULL &&
                    zap_old_map->hdr.nentries != 0) {
-                       vm_map_entry_t  entry1, entry2;
+                       vm_map_entry_t  entry1, entry2;
 
                        /*
                         * The new mapping failed.  Attempt to restore
@@ -2219,16 +3265,17 @@ BailOut: ;
                                 * inserting them all after "entry1".
                                 */
                                for (entry2 = vm_map_first_entry(zap_old_map);
-                                    entry2 != vm_map_to_entry(zap_old_map);
-                                    entry2 = vm_map_first_entry(zap_old_map)) {
+                                   entry2 != vm_map_to_entry(zap_old_map);
+                                   entry2 = vm_map_first_entry(zap_old_map)) {
                                        vm_map_size_t entry_size;
 
                                        entry_size = (entry2->vme_end -
-                                                     entry2->vme_start);
-                                       vm_map_entry_unlink(zap_old_map,
-                                                           entry2);
+                                           entry2->vme_start);
+                                       vm_map_store_entry_unlink(zap_old_map,
+                                           entry2);
                                        zap_old_map->size -= entry_size;
-                                       vm_map_entry_link(map, entry1, entry2);
+                                       vm_map_store_entry_link(map, entry1, entry2,
+                                           VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE);
                                        map->size += entry_size;
                                        entry1 = entry2;
                                }
@@ -2243,7 +3290,11 @@ BailOut: ;
                }
        }
 
-       if (map_locked) {
+       /*
+        * The caller is responsible for releasing the lock if it requested to
+        * keep the map locked.
+        */
+       if (map_locked && !keep_map_locked) {
                vm_map_unlock(map);
        }
 
@@ -2262,375 +3313,696 @@ BailOut: ;
 
        return result;
 
-#undef RETURN
+#undef  RETURN
 }
 
+#if __arm64__
+extern const struct memory_object_pager_ops fourk_pager_ops;
 kern_return_t
-vm_map_enter_mem_object(
-       vm_map_t                target_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         *address,
-       vm_map_size_t           initial_size,
-       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
-       int                     flags,
-       ipc_port_t              port,
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
-       boolean_t               copy,
-       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
-       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
-       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
-{
-       vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
-       vm_map_size_t           map_size;
-       vm_object_t             object;
-       vm_object_size_t        size;
-       kern_return_t           result;
+vm_map_enter_fourk(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *address,       /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                alias,
+       vm_object_t             object,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       boolean_t               needs_copy,
+       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry, new_entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t         start, fourk_start;
+       vm_map_offset_t         end, fourk_end;
+       vm_map_size_t           fourk_size;
+       kern_return_t           result = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       vm_map_t                zap_old_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+       vm_map_t                zap_new_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+       boolean_t               map_locked = FALSE;
+       boolean_t               pmap_empty = TRUE;
+       boolean_t               new_mapping_established = FALSE;
+       boolean_t               keep_map_locked = vmk_flags.vmkf_keep_map_locked;
+       boolean_t               anywhere = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE) != 0);
+       boolean_t               purgable = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_PURGABLE) != 0);
+       boolean_t               overwrite = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE) != 0);
+       boolean_t               no_cache = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_NO_CACHE) != 0);
+       boolean_t               is_submap = vmk_flags.vmkf_submap;
+       boolean_t               permanent = vmk_flags.vmkf_permanent;
+       boolean_t               no_copy_on_read = vmk_flags.vmkf_permanent;
+       boolean_t               entry_for_jit = vmk_flags.vmkf_map_jit;
+//     boolean_t               iokit_acct = vmk_flags.vmkf_iokit_acct;
+       boolean_t               translated_allow_execute = vmk_flags.vmkf_translated_allow_execute;
+       unsigned int            superpage_size = ((flags & VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_MASK) >> VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_SHIFT);
+       vm_map_offset_t         effective_min_offset, effective_max_offset;
+       kern_return_t           kr;
+       boolean_t               clear_map_aligned = FALSE;
+       memory_object_t         fourk_mem_obj;
+       vm_object_t             fourk_object;
+       vm_map_offset_t         fourk_pager_offset;
+       int                     fourk_pager_index_start, fourk_pager_index_num;
+       int                     cur_idx;
+       boolean_t               fourk_copy;
+       vm_object_t             copy_object;
+       vm_object_offset_t      copy_offset;
+
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map) < PAGE_MASK) {
+               panic("%s:%d\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+       }
+       fourk_mem_obj = MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL;
+       fourk_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
 
-       /*
-        * Check arguments for validity
-        */
-       if ((target_map == VM_MAP_NULL) ||
-           (cur_protection & ~VM_PROT_ALL) ||
-           (max_protection & ~VM_PROT_ALL) ||
-           (inheritance > VM_INHERIT_LAST_VALID) ||
-           initial_size == 0)
-               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       if (superpage_size) {
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       }
 
-       map_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*address);
-       map_size = vm_map_round_page(initial_size);
-       size = vm_object_round_page(initial_size);      
+       if ((cur_protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) &&
+           (cur_protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+           map->pmap != kernel_pmap &&
+           (vm_map_cs_enforcement(map)
+#if __arm64__
+           || !VM_MAP_IS_EXOTIC(map)
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+           ) &&
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+           !entry_for_jit) {
+               DTRACE_VM3(cs_wx,
+                   uint64_t, 0,
+                   uint64_t, 0,
+                   vm_prot_t, cur_protection);
+               printf("CODE SIGNING: %d[%s] %s: curprot cannot be write+execute. "
+                   "turning off execute\n",
+                   proc_selfpid(),
+                   (current_task()->bsd_info
+                   ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                   : "?"),
+                   __FUNCTION__);
+               cur_protection &= ~VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+       }
 
        /*
-        * Find the vm object (if any) corresponding to this port.
+        * If the task has requested executable lockdown,
+        * deny any new executable mapping.
         */
-       if (!IP_VALID(port)) {
-               object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
-               offset = 0;
-               copy = FALSE;
-       } else if (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
-               vm_named_entry_t        named_entry;
-
-               named_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) port->ip_kobject;
-               /* a few checks to make sure user is obeying rules */
-               if (size == 0) {
-                       if (offset >= named_entry->size)
-                               return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
-                       size = named_entry->size - offset;
+       if (map->map_disallow_new_exec == TRUE) {
+               if (cur_protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) {
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                }
-               if ((named_entry->protection & max_protection) !=
-                   max_protection)
-                       return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
-               if ((named_entry->protection & cur_protection) !=
-                   cur_protection)
-                       return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
-               if (named_entry->size < (offset + size))
-                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-
-               /* the callers parameter offset is defined to be the */
-               /* offset from beginning of named entry offset in object */
-               offset = offset + named_entry->offset;
-               
-               named_entry_lock(named_entry);
-               if (named_entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       vm_map_t                submap;
+       }
 
-                       submap = named_entry->backing.map;
-                       vm_map_lock(submap);
-                       vm_map_reference(submap);
-                       vm_map_unlock(submap);
-                       named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+       if (is_submap) {
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_already) {
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (purgable || entry_for_jit) {
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       }
 
-                       result = vm_map_enter(target_map,
-                                             &map_addr,
-                                             map_size,
-                                             mask,
-                                             flags | VM_FLAGS_SUBMAP,
-                                             (vm_object_t) submap,
-                                             offset,
-                                             copy,
-                                             cur_protection,
-                                             max_protection,
-                                             inheritance);
-                       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                               vm_map_deallocate(submap);
-                       } else {
-                               /*
-                                * No need to lock "submap" just to check its
-                                * "mapped" flag: that flag is never reset
-                                * once it's been set and if we race, we'll
-                                * just end up setting it twice, which is OK.
-                                */
-                               if (submap->mapped == FALSE) {
-                                       /*
-                                        * This submap has never been mapped.
-                                        * Set its "mapped" flag now that it
-                                        * has been mapped.
-                                        * This happens only for the first ever
-                                        * mapping of a "submap".
-                                        */
-                                       vm_map_lock(submap);
-                                       submap->mapped = TRUE;
-                                       vm_map_unlock(submap);
-                               }
-                               *address = map_addr;
-                       }
-                       return result;
+       effective_min_offset = map->min_offset;
 
-               } else if (named_entry->is_pager) {
-                       unsigned int    access;
-                       vm_prot_t       protections;
-                       unsigned int    wimg_mode;
-                       boolean_t       cache_attr;
+       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_beyond_max) {
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       } else {
+               effective_max_offset = map->max_offset;
+       }
 
-                       protections = named_entry->protection & VM_PROT_ALL;
-                       access = GET_MAP_MEM(named_entry->protection);
+       if (size == 0 ||
+           (offset & FOURK_PAGE_MASK) != 0) {
+               *address = 0;
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-                       object = vm_object_enter(named_entry->backing.pager, 
-                                                named_entry->size, 
-                                                named_entry->internal, 
-                                                FALSE,
-                                                FALSE);
-                       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                               named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
-                               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
-                       }
+#define RETURN(value)   { result = value; goto BailOut; }
 
-                       /* JMM - drop reference on pager here */
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(*address, FOURK_PAGE_MASK));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(size, FOURK_PAGE_MASK));
 
-                       /* create an extra ref for the named entry */
-                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                       vm_object_reference_locked(object);
-                       named_entry->backing.object = object;
-                       named_entry->is_pager = FALSE;
-                       named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+       if (!anywhere && overwrite) {
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       }
+       if (!anywhere && overwrite) {
+               /*
+                * Create a temporary VM map to hold the old mappings in the
+                * affected area while we create the new one.
+                * This avoids releasing the VM map lock in
+                * vm_map_entry_delete() and allows atomicity
+                * when we want to replace some mappings with a new one.
+                * It also allows us to restore the old VM mappings if the
+                * new mapping fails.
+                */
+               zap_old_map = vm_map_create(PMAP_NULL,
+                   *address,
+                   *address + size,
+                   map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+               vm_map_set_page_shift(zap_old_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map));
+               vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(zap_old_map);
+       }
 
-                       wimg_mode = object->wimg_bits;
-                       if (access == MAP_MEM_IO) {
-                               wimg_mode = VM_WIMG_IO;
-                       } else if (access == MAP_MEM_COPYBACK) {
-                               wimg_mode = VM_WIMG_USE_DEFAULT;
-                       } else if (access == MAP_MEM_WTHRU) {
-                               wimg_mode = VM_WIMG_WTHRU;
-                       } else if (access == MAP_MEM_WCOMB) {
-                               wimg_mode = VM_WIMG_WCOMB;
-                       }
-                       if (wimg_mode == VM_WIMG_IO ||
-                           wimg_mode == VM_WIMG_WCOMB)
-                               cache_attr = TRUE;
-                       else 
-                               cache_attr = FALSE;
-
-                       /* wait for object (if any) to be ready */
-                       if (!named_entry->internal) {
-                               while (!object->pager_ready) {
-                                       vm_object_wait(
-                                               object,
-                                               VM_OBJECT_EVENT_PAGER_READY,
-                                               THREAD_UNINT);
-                                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                               }
-                       }
+       fourk_start = *address;
+       fourk_size = size;
+       fourk_end = fourk_start + fourk_size;
 
-                       if (object->wimg_bits != wimg_mode) {
-                               vm_page_t p;
+       start = vm_map_trunc_page(*address, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+       end = vm_map_round_page(fourk_end, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+       size = end - start;
 
-                               vm_object_paging_wait(object, THREAD_UNINT);
+       if (anywhere) {
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       } else {
+               /*
+                *      Verify that:
+                *              the address doesn't itself violate
+                *              the mask requirement.
+                */
 
-                               object->wimg_bits = wimg_mode;
-                               queue_iterate(&object->memq, p, vm_page_t, listq) {
-                                       if (!p->fictitious) {
-                                               if (p->pmapped)
-                                                       pmap_disconnect(p->phys_page);
-                                               if (cache_attr)
-                                                       pmap_sync_page_attributes_phys(p->phys_page);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-                       object->true_share = TRUE;
-                       if (object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC)
-                               object->copy_strategy = MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY;
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-               } else {
-                       /* This is the case where we are going to map */
-                       /* an already mapped object.  If the object is */
-                       /* not ready it is internal.  An external     */
-                       /* object cannot be mapped until it is ready  */
-                       /* we can therefore avoid the ready check     */
-                       /* in this case.  */
-                       object = named_entry->backing.object;
-                       assert(object != VM_OBJECT_NULL);
-                       named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
-                       vm_object_reference(object);
+               vm_map_lock(map);
+               map_locked = TRUE;
+               if ((start & mask) != 0) {
+                       RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
                }
-       } else if (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_MEMORY_OBJECT) {
+
                /*
-                * JMM - This is temporary until we unify named entries
-                * and raw memory objects.
-                *
-                * Detected fake ip_kotype for a memory object.  In
-                * this case, the port isn't really a port at all, but
-                * instead is just a raw memory object.
+                *      ...     the address is within bounds
                 */
-                
-               object = vm_object_enter((memory_object_t)port,
-                                        size, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE);
-               if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL)
-                       return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
 
-               /* wait for object (if any) to be ready */
-               if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                       if (object == kernel_object) {
-                               printf("Warning: Attempt to map kernel object"
-                                       " by a non-private kernel entity\n");
-                               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
-                       }
-                       if (!object->pager_ready) {
-                               vm_object_lock(object);
+               end = start + size;
 
-                               while (!object->pager_ready) {
-                                       vm_object_wait(object,
-                                                      VM_OBJECT_EVENT_PAGER_READY,
-                                                      THREAD_UNINT);
-                                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                               }
-                               vm_object_unlock(object);
-                       }
+               if ((start < effective_min_offset) ||
+                   (end > effective_max_offset) ||
+                   (start >= end)) {
+                       RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
                }
-       } else {
-               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
-       }
 
-       if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
-           object->named &&
-           object->pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL &&
-           object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE) {
-               memory_object_t pager;
-               vm_prot_t       pager_prot;
-               kern_return_t   kr;
+               if (overwrite && zap_old_map != VM_MAP_NULL) {
+                       /*
+                        * Fixed mapping and "overwrite" flag: attempt to
+                        * remove all existing mappings in the specified
+                        * address range, saving them in our "zap_old_map".
+                        */
+                       (void) vm_map_delete(map, start, end,
+                           (VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES |
+                           VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_MAP_ALIGN),
+                           zap_old_map);
+               }
 
                /*
-                * For "named" VM objects, let the pager know that the
-                * memory object is being mapped.  Some pagers need to keep
-                * track of this, to know when they can reclaim the memory
-                * object, for example.
-                * VM calls memory_object_map() for each mapping (specifying
-                * the protection of each mapping) and calls
-                * memory_object_last_unmap() when all the mappings are gone.
+                *      ...     the starting address isn't allocated
                 */
-               pager_prot = max_protection;
-               if (copy) {
+               if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
+                       vm_object_t cur_object, shadow_object;
+
                        /*
-                        * Copy-On-Write mapping: won't modify the
-                        * memory object.
+                        * We might already some 4K mappings
+                        * in a 16K page here.
                         */
-                       pager_prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
+                       if (entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start
+                           != SIXTEENK_PAGE_SIZE) {
+                               RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+                       }
+                       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+                       }
+                       if (VME_OBJECT(entry) == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                               RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+                       }
+
+                       /* go all the way down the shadow chain */
+                       cur_object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+                       vm_object_lock(cur_object);
+                       while (cur_object->shadow != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                               shadow_object = cur_object->shadow;
+                               vm_object_lock(shadow_object);
+                               vm_object_unlock(cur_object);
+                               cur_object = shadow_object;
+                               shadow_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+                       }
+                       if (cur_object->internal ||
+                           cur_object->pager == NULL) {
+                               vm_object_unlock(cur_object);
+                               RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+                       }
+                       if (cur_object->pager->mo_pager_ops
+                           != &fourk_pager_ops) {
+                               vm_object_unlock(cur_object);
+                               RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+                       }
+                       fourk_object = cur_object;
+                       fourk_mem_obj = fourk_object->pager;
+
+                       /* keep the "4K" object alive */
+                       vm_object_reference_locked(fourk_object);
+                       memory_object_reference(fourk_mem_obj);
+                       vm_object_unlock(fourk_object);
+
+                       /* merge permissions */
+                       entry->protection |= cur_protection;
+                       entry->max_protection |= max_protection;
+                       if ((entry->protection & (VM_PROT_WRITE |
+                           VM_PROT_EXECUTE)) ==
+                           (VM_PROT_WRITE | VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+                           fourk_binary_compatibility_unsafe &&
+                           fourk_binary_compatibility_allow_wx) {
+                               /* write+execute: need to be "jit" */
+                               entry->used_for_jit = TRUE;
+                       }
+                       goto map_in_fourk_pager;
                }
-               vm_object_lock(object);
-               pager = object->pager;
-               if (object->named &&
-                   pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL &&
-                   object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE) {
-                       assert(object->pager_ready);
-                       vm_object_mapping_wait(object, THREAD_UNINT);
-                       vm_object_mapping_begin(object);
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
 
-                       kr = memory_object_map(pager, pager_prot);
-                       assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+               /*
+                *      ...     the next region doesn't overlap the
+                *              end point.
+                */
 
-                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                       vm_object_mapping_end(object);
+               if ((entry->vme_next != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
+                   (entry->vme_next->vme_start < end)) {
+                       RETURN(KERN_NO_SPACE);
                }
-               vm_object_unlock(object);
        }
 
        /*
-        *      Perform the copy if requested
+        *      At this point,
+        *              "start" and "end" should define the endpoints of the
+        *                      available new range, and
+        *              "entry" should refer to the region before the new
+        *                      range, and
+        *
+        *              the map should be locked.
         */
 
-       if (copy) {
-               vm_object_t             new_object;
-               vm_object_offset_t      new_offset;
+       /* create a new "4K" pager */
+       fourk_mem_obj = fourk_pager_create();
+       fourk_object = fourk_pager_to_vm_object(fourk_mem_obj);
+       assert(fourk_object);
+
+       /* keep the "4" object alive */
+       vm_object_reference(fourk_object);
+
+       /* create a "copy" object, to map the "4K" object copy-on-write */
+       fourk_copy = TRUE;
+       result = vm_object_copy_strategically(fourk_object,
+           0,
+           end - start,
+           &copy_object,
+           &copy_offset,
+           &fourk_copy);
+       assert(result == KERN_SUCCESS);
+       assert(copy_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+       assert(copy_offset == 0);
+
+       /* map the "4K" pager's copy object */
+       new_entry =
+           vm_map_entry_insert(map, entry,
+           vm_map_trunc_page(start,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
+           vm_map_round_page(end,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
+           copy_object,
+           0,                         /* offset */
+           vmk_flags,
+           FALSE,                         /* needs_copy */
+           FALSE,
+           FALSE,
+           cur_protection, max_protection,
+           VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT,
+           (entry_for_jit && !VM_MAP_POLICY_ALLOW_JIT_INHERIT(map) ?
+           VM_INHERIT_NONE : inheritance),
+           0,
+           no_cache,
+           permanent,
+           no_copy_on_read,
+           superpage_size,
+           clear_map_aligned,
+           is_submap,
+           FALSE,                         /* jit */
+           alias,
+           translated_allow_execute);
+       entry = new_entry;
+
+#if VM_MAP_DEBUG_FOURK
+       if (vm_map_debug_fourk) {
+               printf("FOURK_PAGER: map %p [0x%llx:0x%llx] new pager %p\n",
+                   map,
+                   (uint64_t) entry->vme_start,
+                   (uint64_t) entry->vme_end,
+                   fourk_mem_obj);
+       }
+#endif /* VM_MAP_DEBUG_FOURK */
 
-               result = vm_object_copy_strategically(object, offset, size,
-                                                     &new_object, &new_offset,
-                                                     &copy);
+       new_mapping_established = TRUE;
 
+map_in_fourk_pager:
+       /* "map" the original "object" where it belongs in the "4K" pager */
+       fourk_pager_offset = (fourk_start & SIXTEENK_PAGE_MASK);
+       fourk_pager_index_start = (int) (fourk_pager_offset / FOURK_PAGE_SIZE);
+       if (fourk_size > SIXTEENK_PAGE_SIZE) {
+               fourk_pager_index_num = 4;
+       } else {
+               fourk_pager_index_num = (int) (fourk_size / FOURK_PAGE_SIZE);
+       }
+       if (fourk_pager_index_start + fourk_pager_index_num > 4) {
+               fourk_pager_index_num = 4 - fourk_pager_index_start;
+       }
+       for (cur_idx = 0;
+           cur_idx < fourk_pager_index_num;
+           cur_idx++) {
+               vm_object_t             old_object;
+               vm_object_offset_t      old_offset;
+
+               kr = fourk_pager_populate(fourk_mem_obj,
+                   TRUE,                       /* overwrite */
+                   fourk_pager_index_start + cur_idx,
+                   object,
+                   (object
+                   ? (offset +
+                   (cur_idx * FOURK_PAGE_SIZE))
+                   : 0),
+                   &old_object,
+                   &old_offset);
+#if VM_MAP_DEBUG_FOURK
+               if (vm_map_debug_fourk) {
+                       if (old_object == (vm_object_t) -1 &&
+                           old_offset == (vm_object_offset_t) -1) {
+                               printf("FOURK_PAGER: map %p [0x%llx:0x%llx] "
+                                   "pager [%p:0x%llx] "
+                                   "populate[%d] "
+                                   "[object:%p,offset:0x%llx]\n",
+                                   map,
+                                   (uint64_t) entry->vme_start,
+                                   (uint64_t) entry->vme_end,
+                                   fourk_mem_obj,
+                                   VME_OFFSET(entry),
+                                   fourk_pager_index_start + cur_idx,
+                                   object,
+                                   (object
+                                   ? (offset + (cur_idx * FOURK_PAGE_SIZE))
+                                   : 0));
+                       } else {
+                               printf("FOURK_PAGER: map %p [0x%llx:0x%llx] "
+                                   "pager [%p:0x%llx] "
+                                   "populate[%d] [object:%p,offset:0x%llx] "
+                                   "old [%p:0x%llx]\n",
+                                   map,
+                                   (uint64_t) entry->vme_start,
+                                   (uint64_t) entry->vme_end,
+                                   fourk_mem_obj,
+                                   VME_OFFSET(entry),
+                                   fourk_pager_index_start + cur_idx,
+                                   object,
+                                   (object
+                                   ? (offset + (cur_idx * FOURK_PAGE_SIZE))
+                                   : 0),
+                                   old_object,
+                                   old_offset);
+                       }
+               }
+#endif /* VM_MAP_DEBUG_FOURK */
 
-               if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
-                       boolean_t success;
-                       boolean_t src_needs_copy;
+               assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+               if (object != old_object &&
+                   object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                   object != (vm_object_t) -1) {
+                       vm_object_reference(object);
+               }
+               if (object != old_object &&
+                   old_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                   old_object != (vm_object_t) -1) {
+                       vm_object_deallocate(old_object);
+               }
+       }
+
+BailOut:
+       assert(map_locked == TRUE);
+
+       if (result == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               vm_prot_t pager_prot;
+               memory_object_t pager;
+
+#if DEBUG
+               if (pmap_empty &&
+                   !(vmk_flags.vmkf_no_pmap_check)) {
+                       assert(vm_map_pmap_is_empty(map,
+                           *address,
+                           *address + size));
+               }
+#endif /* DEBUG */
 
+               /*
+                * For "named" VM objects, let the pager know that the
+                * memory object is being mapped.  Some pagers need to keep
+                * track of this, to know when they can reclaim the memory
+                * object, for example.
+                * VM calls memory_object_map() for each mapping (specifying
+                * the protection of each mapping) and calls
+                * memory_object_last_unmap() when all the mappings are gone.
+                */
+               pager_prot = max_protection;
+               if (needs_copy) {
                        /*
-                        * XXX
-                        * We currently ignore src_needs_copy.
-                        * This really is the issue of how to make
-                        * MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC safe for
-                        * non-kernel users to use. Solution forthcoming.
-                        * In the meantime, since we don't allow non-kernel
-                        * memory managers to specify symmetric copy,
-                        * we won't run into problems here.
+                        * Copy-On-Write mapping: won't modify
+                        * the memory object.
                         */
-                       new_object = object;
-                       new_offset = offset;
-                       success = vm_object_copy_quickly(&new_object,
-                                                        new_offset, size,
-                                                        &src_needs_copy,
-                                                        &copy);
-                       assert(success);
-                       result = KERN_SUCCESS;
+                       pager_prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
                }
-               /*
-                *      Throw away the reference to the
-                *      original object, as it won't be mapped.
+               if (!is_submap &&
+                   object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                   object->named &&
+                   object->pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       vm_object_lock(object);
+                       pager = object->pager;
+                       if (object->named &&
+                           pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                               assert(object->pager_ready);
+                               vm_object_mapping_wait(object, THREAD_UNINT);
+                               vm_object_mapping_begin(object);
+                               vm_object_unlock(object);
+
+                               kr = memory_object_map(pager, pager_prot);
+                               assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+
+                               vm_object_lock(object);
+                               vm_object_mapping_end(object);
+                       }
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+               }
+               if (!is_submap &&
+                   fourk_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                   fourk_object->named &&
+                   fourk_object->pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       vm_object_lock(fourk_object);
+                       pager = fourk_object->pager;
+                       if (fourk_object->named &&
+                           pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                               assert(fourk_object->pager_ready);
+                               vm_object_mapping_wait(fourk_object,
+                                   THREAD_UNINT);
+                               vm_object_mapping_begin(fourk_object);
+                               vm_object_unlock(fourk_object);
+
+                               kr = memory_object_map(pager, VM_PROT_READ);
+                               assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+
+                               vm_object_lock(fourk_object);
+                               vm_object_mapping_end(fourk_object);
+                       }
+                       vm_object_unlock(fourk_object);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (fourk_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+               vm_object_deallocate(fourk_object);
+               fourk_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+               memory_object_deallocate(fourk_mem_obj);
+               fourk_mem_obj = MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL;
+       }
+
+       assert(map_locked == TRUE);
+
+       if (!keep_map_locked) {
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+               map_locked = FALSE;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * We can't hold the map lock if we enter this block.
+        */
+
+       if (result == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               /*      Wire down the new entry if the user
+                *      requested all new map entries be wired.
                 */
+               if ((map->wiring_required) || (superpage_size)) {
+                       assert(!keep_map_locked);
+                       pmap_empty = FALSE; /* pmap won't be empty */
+                       kr = vm_map_wire_kernel(map, start, end,
+                           new_entry->protection, VM_KERN_MEMORY_MLOCK,
+                           TRUE);
+                       result = kr;
+               }
 
-               vm_object_deallocate(object);
+       }
 
-               if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
-                       return result;
+       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               if (new_mapping_established) {
+                       /*
+                        * We have to get rid of the new mappings since we
+                        * won't make them available to the user.
+                        * Try and do that atomically, to minimize the risk
+                        * that someone else create new mappings that range.
+                        */
+                       zap_new_map = vm_map_create(PMAP_NULL,
+                           *address,
+                           *address + size,
+                           map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+                       vm_map_set_page_shift(zap_new_map,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map));
+                       vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(zap_new_map);
 
-               object = new_object;
-               offset = new_offset;
+                       if (!map_locked) {
+                               vm_map_lock(map);
+                               map_locked = TRUE;
+                       }
+                       (void) vm_map_delete(map, *address, *address + size,
+                           (VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES |
+                           VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_MAP_ALIGN),
+                           zap_new_map);
+               }
+               if (zap_old_map != VM_MAP_NULL &&
+                   zap_old_map->hdr.nentries != 0) {
+                       vm_map_entry_t  entry1, entry2;
+
+                       /*
+                        * The new mapping failed.  Attempt to restore
+                        * the old mappings, saved in the "zap_old_map".
+                        */
+                       if (!map_locked) {
+                               vm_map_lock(map);
+                               map_locked = TRUE;
+                       }
+
+                       /* first check if the coast is still clear */
+                       start = vm_map_first_entry(zap_old_map)->vme_start;
+                       end = vm_map_last_entry(zap_old_map)->vme_end;
+                       if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry1) ||
+                           vm_map_lookup_entry(map, end, &entry2) ||
+                           entry1 != entry2) {
+                               /*
+                                * Part of that range has already been
+                                * re-mapped:  we can't restore the old
+                                * mappings...
+                                */
+                               vm_map_enter_restore_failures++;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * Transfer the saved map entries from
+                                * "zap_old_map" to the original "map",
+                                * inserting them all after "entry1".
+                                */
+                               for (entry2 = vm_map_first_entry(zap_old_map);
+                                   entry2 != vm_map_to_entry(zap_old_map);
+                                   entry2 = vm_map_first_entry(zap_old_map)) {
+                                       vm_map_size_t entry_size;
+
+                                       entry_size = (entry2->vme_end -
+                                           entry2->vme_start);
+                                       vm_map_store_entry_unlink(zap_old_map,
+                                           entry2);
+                                       zap_old_map->size -= entry_size;
+                                       vm_map_store_entry_link(map, entry1, entry2,
+                                           VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE);
+                                       map->size += entry_size;
+                                       entry1 = entry2;
+                               }
+                               if (map->wiring_required) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * XXX TODO: we should rewire the
+                                        * old pages here...
+                                        */
+                               }
+                               vm_map_enter_restore_successes++;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The caller is responsible for releasing the lock if it requested to
+        * keep the map locked.
+        */
+       if (map_locked && !keep_map_locked) {
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Get rid of the "zap_maps" and all the map entries that
+        * they may still contain.
+        */
+       if (zap_old_map != VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               vm_map_destroy(zap_old_map, VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_PMAP_CLEANUP);
+               zap_old_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+       }
+       if (zap_new_map != VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               vm_map_destroy(zap_new_map, VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_PMAP_CLEANUP);
+               zap_new_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
        }
 
-       result = vm_map_enter(target_map,
-                             &map_addr, map_size,
-                             (vm_map_offset_t)mask,
-                             flags,
-                             object, offset,
-                             copy,
-                             cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
-       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
-               vm_object_deallocate(object);
-       *address = map_addr;
        return result;
+
+#undef  RETURN
 }
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
 
+/*
+ * Counters for the prefault optimization.
+ */
+int64_t vm_prefault_nb_pages = 0;
+int64_t vm_prefault_nb_bailout = 0;
 
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_enter_mem_object_helper(
+       vm_map_t                target_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *address,
+       vm_map_size_t           initial_size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       ipc_port_t              port,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       boolean_t               copy,
+       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance,
+       upl_page_list_ptr_t     page_list,
+       unsigned int            page_list_count)
+{
+       vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
+       vm_map_size_t           map_size;
+       vm_object_t             object;
+       vm_object_size_t        size;
+       kern_return_t           result;
+       boolean_t               mask_cur_protection, mask_max_protection;
+       boolean_t               kernel_prefault, try_prefault = (page_list_count != 0);
+       vm_map_offset_t         offset_in_mapping = 0;
+#if __arm64__
+       boolean_t               fourk = vmk_flags.vmkf_fourk;
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               /* XXX TODO4K prefaulting depends on page size... */
+               try_prefault = FALSE;
+       }
 
+       assertf(vmk_flags.__vmkf_unused == 0, "vmk_flags unused=0x%x\n", vmk_flags.__vmkf_unused);
 
-kern_return_t
-vm_map_enter_mem_object_control(
-       vm_map_t                target_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         *address,
-       vm_map_size_t           initial_size,
-       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
-       int                     flags,
-       memory_object_control_t control,
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
-       boolean_t               copy,
-       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
-       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
-       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
-{
-       vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
-       vm_map_size_t           map_size;
-       vm_object_t             object;
-       vm_object_size_t        size;
-       kern_return_t           result;
-       memory_object_t         pager;
-       vm_prot_t               pager_prot;
-       kern_return_t           kr;
+       mask_cur_protection = cur_protection & VM_PROT_IS_MASK;
+       mask_max_protection = max_protection & VM_PROT_IS_MASK;
+       cur_protection &= ~VM_PROT_IS_MASK;
+       max_protection &= ~VM_PROT_IS_MASK;
 
        /*
         * Check arguments for validity
@@ -2639,69 +4011,587 @@ vm_map_enter_mem_object_control(
            (cur_protection & ~VM_PROT_ALL) ||
            (max_protection & ~VM_PROT_ALL) ||
            (inheritance > VM_INHERIT_LAST_VALID) ||
-           initial_size == 0)
+           (try_prefault && (copy || !page_list)) ||
+           initial_size == 0) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-
-       map_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*address);
-       map_size = vm_map_round_page(initial_size);
-       size = vm_object_round_page(initial_size);      
-
-       object = memory_object_control_to_vm_object(control);
-
-       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL)
-               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
-
-       if (object == kernel_object) {
-               printf("Warning: Attempt to map kernel object"
-                      " by a non-private kernel entity\n");
-               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
        }
 
-       vm_object_lock(object);
-       object->ref_count++;
-       vm_object_res_reference(object);
+#if __arm64__
+       if (fourk && VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               /* no "fourk" if map is using a sub-page page size */
+               fourk = FALSE;
+       }
+       if (fourk) {
+               map_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*address, FOURK_PAGE_MASK);
+               map_size = vm_map_round_page(initial_size, FOURK_PAGE_MASK);
+       } else
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+       {
+               map_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*address,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+               map_size = vm_map_round_page(initial_size,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+       }
+       size = vm_object_round_page(initial_size);
 
        /*
-        * For "named" VM objects, let the pager know that the
-        * memory object is being mapped.  Some pagers need to keep
-        * track of this, to know when they can reclaim the memory
-        * object, for example.
-        * VM calls memory_object_map() for each mapping (specifying
-        * the protection of each mapping) and calls
-        * memory_object_last_unmap() when all the mappings are gone.
+        * Find the vm object (if any) corresponding to this port.
         */
-       pager_prot = max_protection;
-       if (copy) {
-               pager_prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+       if (!IP_VALID(port)) {
+               object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+               offset = 0;
+               copy = FALSE;
+       } else if (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
+               vm_named_entry_t        named_entry;
+               vm_object_offset_t      data_offset;
+
+               named_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(port);
+
+               if (flags & (VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR |
+                   VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR)) {
+                       data_offset = named_entry->data_offset;
+                       offset += named_entry->data_offset;
+               } else {
+                       data_offset = 0;
+               }
+
+               /* a few checks to make sure user is obeying rules */
+               if (size == 0) {
+                       if (offset >= named_entry->size) {
+                               return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
+                       }
+                       size = named_entry->size - offset;
+               }
+               if (mask_max_protection) {
+                       max_protection &= named_entry->protection;
+               }
+               if (mask_cur_protection) {
+                       cur_protection &= named_entry->protection;
+               }
+               if ((named_entry->protection & max_protection) !=
+                   max_protection) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
+               }
+               if ((named_entry->protection & cur_protection) !=
+                   cur_protection) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
+               }
+               if (offset + size < offset) {
+                       /* overflow */
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
+               if (named_entry->size < (offset + initial_size)) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
+
+               if (named_entry->is_copy) {
+                       /* for a vm_map_copy, we can only map it whole */
+                       if ((size != named_entry->size) &&
+                           (vm_map_round_page(size,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map)) ==
+                           named_entry->size)) {
+                               /* XXX FBDP use the rounded size... */
+                               size = vm_map_round_page(
+                                       size,
+                                       VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* the callers parameter offset is defined to be the */
+               /* offset from beginning of named entry offset in object */
+               offset = offset + named_entry->offset;
+
+               if (!VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(size,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map))) {
+                       /*
+                        * Let's not map more than requested;
+                        * vm_map_enter() will handle this "not map-aligned"
+                        * case.
+                        */
+                       map_size = size;
+               }
+
+               named_entry_lock(named_entry);
+               if (named_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_t                submap;
+
+                       if (flags & (VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR |
+                           VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR)) {
+                               panic("VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR not expected for submap.");
+                       }
+
+                       submap = named_entry->backing.map;
+                       vm_map_reference(submap);
+                       named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+
+                       vmk_flags.vmkf_submap = TRUE;
+
+                       result = vm_map_enter(target_map,
+                           &map_addr,
+                           map_size,
+                           mask,
+                           flags,
+                           vmk_flags,
+                           tag,
+                           (vm_object_t)(uintptr_t) submap,
+                           offset,
+                           copy,
+                           cur_protection,
+                           max_protection,
+                           inheritance);
+                       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               vm_map_deallocate(submap);
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * No need to lock "submap" just to check its
+                                * "mapped" flag: that flag is never reset
+                                * once it's been set and if we race, we'll
+                                * just end up setting it twice, which is OK.
+                                */
+                               if (submap->mapped_in_other_pmaps == FALSE &&
+                                   vm_map_pmap(submap) != PMAP_NULL &&
+                                   vm_map_pmap(submap) !=
+                                   vm_map_pmap(target_map)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * This submap is being mapped in a map
+                                        * that uses a different pmap.
+                                        * Set its "mapped_in_other_pmaps" flag
+                                        * to indicate that we now need to
+                                        * remove mappings from all pmaps rather
+                                        * than just the submap's pmap.
+                                        */
+                                       vm_map_lock(submap);
+                                       submap->mapped_in_other_pmaps = TRUE;
+                                       vm_map_unlock(submap);
+                               }
+                               *address = map_addr;
+                       }
+                       return result;
+               } else if (named_entry->is_copy) {
+                       kern_return_t   kr;
+                       vm_map_copy_t   copy_map;
+                       vm_map_entry_t  copy_entry;
+                       vm_map_offset_t copy_addr;
+                       vm_map_copy_t   target_copy_map;
+                       vm_map_offset_t overmap_start, overmap_end;
+                       vm_map_offset_t trimmed_start;
+                       vm_map_size_t   target_size;
+
+                       if (flags & ~(VM_FLAGS_FIXED |
+                           VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE |
+                           VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE |
+                           VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR |
+                           VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR |
+                           VM_FLAGS_ALIAS_MASK)) {
+                               named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                       }
+
+                       copy_map = named_entry->backing.copy;
+                       assert(copy_map->type == VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST);
+                       if (copy_map->type != VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST) {
+                               /* unsupported type; should not happen */
+                               printf("vm_map_enter_mem_object: "
+                                   "memory_entry->backing.copy "
+                                   "unsupported type 0x%x\n",
+                                   copy_map->type);
+                               named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                       }
+
+                       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map) != copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift) {
+                               DEBUG4K_SHARE("copy_map %p offset %llx size 0x%llx pgshift %d -> target_map %p pgshift %d\n", copy_map, offset, (uint64_t)map_size, copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift, target_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map));
+                       }
+
+                       if (flags & (VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR |
+                           VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR)) {
+                               offset_in_mapping = offset & VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map);
+                               if (flags & VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR) {
+                                       offset_in_mapping &= ~((signed)(0xFFF));
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       target_copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+                       target_size = copy_map->size;
+                       overmap_start = 0;
+                       overmap_end = 0;
+                       trimmed_start = 0;
+                       if (copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift != VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map)) {
+                               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("adjusting...\n");
+                               kr = vm_map_copy_adjust_to_target(
+                                       copy_map,
+                                       offset /* includes data_offset */,
+                                       initial_size,
+                                       target_map,
+                                       copy,
+                                       &target_copy_map,
+                                       &overmap_start,
+                                       &overmap_end,
+                                       &trimmed_start);
+                               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                                       named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+                                       return kr;
+                               }
+                               target_size = target_copy_map->size;
+                               if (trimmed_start >= data_offset) {
+                                       data_offset = offset & VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map);
+                               } else {
+                                       data_offset -= trimmed_start;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               target_copy_map = copy_map;
+                       }
+
+                       /* reserve a contiguous range */
+                       kr = vm_map_enter(target_map,
+                           &map_addr,
+                           vm_map_round_page(target_size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map)),
+                           mask,
+                           flags & (VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE |
+                           VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE |
+                           VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR |
+                           VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR),
+                           vmk_flags,
+                           tag,
+                           VM_OBJECT_NULL,
+                           0,
+                           FALSE,               /* copy */
+                           cur_protection,
+                           max_protection,
+                           inheritance);
+                       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               DEBUG4K_ERROR("kr 0x%x\n", kr);
+                               if (target_copy_map != copy_map) {
+                                       vm_map_copy_discard(target_copy_map);
+                                       target_copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+                               }
+                               named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+                               return kr;
+                       }
+
+                       copy_addr = map_addr;
+
+                       for (copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(target_copy_map);
+                           copy_entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(target_copy_map);
+                           copy_entry = copy_entry->vme_next) {
+                               int                     remap_flags;
+                               vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_remap_flags;
+                               vm_map_t                copy_submap;
+                               vm_object_t             copy_object;
+                               vm_map_size_t           copy_size;
+                               vm_object_offset_t      copy_offset;
+                               int                     copy_vm_alias;
+
+                               remap_flags = 0;
+                               vmk_remap_flags = VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE;
+
+                               copy_object = VME_OBJECT(copy_entry);
+                               copy_offset = VME_OFFSET(copy_entry);
+                               copy_size = (copy_entry->vme_end -
+                                   copy_entry->vme_start);
+                               VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, copy_vm_alias);
+                               if (copy_vm_alias == 0) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Caller does not want a specific
+                                        * alias for this new mapping:  use
+                                        * the alias of the original mapping.
+                                        */
+                                       copy_vm_alias = VME_ALIAS(copy_entry);
+                               }
+
+                               /* sanity check */
+                               if ((copy_addr + copy_size) >
+                                   (map_addr +
+                                   overmap_start + overmap_end +
+                                   named_entry->size /* XXX full size */)) {
+                                       /* over-mapping too much !? */
+                                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                                       DEBUG4K_ERROR("kr 0x%x\n", kr);
+                                       /* abort */
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               /* take a reference on the object */
+                               if (copy_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                                       vmk_remap_flags.vmkf_submap = TRUE;
+                                       copy_submap = VME_SUBMAP(copy_entry);
+                                       vm_map_lock(copy_submap);
+                                       vm_map_reference(copy_submap);
+                                       vm_map_unlock(copy_submap);
+                                       copy_object = (vm_object_t)(uintptr_t) copy_submap;
+                               } else if (!copy &&
+                                   copy_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                                   (copy_entry->needs_copy ||
+                                   copy_object->shadowed ||
+                                   (!copy_object->true_share &&
+                                   !copy_entry->is_shared &&
+                                   copy_object->vo_size > copy_size))) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * We need to resolve our side of this
+                                        * "symmetric" copy-on-write now; we
+                                        * need a new object to map and share,
+                                        * instead of the current one which
+                                        * might still be shared with the
+                                        * original mapping.
+                                        *
+                                        * Note: A "vm_map_copy_t" does not
+                                        * have a lock but we're protected by
+                                        * the named entry's lock here.
+                                        */
+                                       // assert(copy_object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC);
+                                       VME_OBJECT_SHADOW(copy_entry, copy_size);
+                                       if (!copy_entry->needs_copy &&
+                                           copy_entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) {
+                                               vm_prot_t prot;
+
+                                               prot = copy_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+                                               vm_object_pmap_protect(copy_object,
+                                                   copy_offset,
+                                                   copy_size,
+                                                   PMAP_NULL,
+                                                   PAGE_SIZE,
+                                                   0,
+                                                   prot);
+                                       }
+
+                                       copy_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
+                                       copy_entry->is_shared = TRUE;
+                                       copy_object = VME_OBJECT(copy_entry);
+                                       copy_offset = VME_OFFSET(copy_entry);
+                                       vm_object_lock(copy_object);
+                                       vm_object_reference_locked(copy_object);
+                                       if (copy_object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
+                                               /* we're about to make a shared mapping of this object */
+                                               copy_object->copy_strategy = MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY;
+                                               copy_object->true_share = TRUE;
+                                       }
+                                       vm_object_unlock(copy_object);
+                               } else {
+                                       /*
+                                        * We already have the right object
+                                        * to map.
+                                        */
+                                       copy_object = VME_OBJECT(copy_entry);
+                                       vm_object_reference(copy_object);
+                               }
+
+                               /* over-map the object into destination */
+                               remap_flags |= flags;
+                               remap_flags |= VM_FLAGS_FIXED;
+                               remap_flags |= VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE;
+                               remap_flags &= ~VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE;
+                               if (!copy && !copy_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * copy-on-write should have been
+                                        * resolved at this point, or we would
+                                        * end up sharing instead of copying.
+                                        */
+                                       assert(!copy_entry->needs_copy);
+                               }
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+                               if (copy_entry->used_for_jit) {
+                                       vmk_remap_flags.vmkf_map_jit = TRUE;
+                               }
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+
+                               assertf((copy_vm_alias & VME_ALIAS_MASK) == copy_vm_alias,
+                                   "VM Tag truncated from 0x%x to 0x%x\n", copy_vm_alias, (copy_vm_alias & VME_ALIAS_MASK));
+                               kr = vm_map_enter(target_map,
+                                   &copy_addr,
+                                   copy_size,
+                                   (vm_map_offset_t) 0,
+                                   remap_flags,
+                                   vmk_remap_flags,
+                                   (vm_tag_t) copy_vm_alias, /* see comment at end of vm_fault_unwire re. cast*/
+                                   copy_object,
+                                   copy_offset,
+                                   ((copy_object == NULL)
+                                   ? FALSE
+                                   : (copy || copy_entry->needs_copy)),
+                                   cur_protection,
+                                   max_protection,
+                                   inheritance);
+                               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                                       DEBUG4K_SHARE("failed kr 0x%x\n", kr);
+                                       if (copy_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                                               vm_map_deallocate(copy_submap);
+                                       } else {
+                                               vm_object_deallocate(copy_object);
+                                       }
+                                       /* abort */
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               /* next mapping */
+                               copy_addr += copy_size;
+                       }
+
+                       if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               if (flags & (VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR |
+                                   VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR)) {
+                                       *address = map_addr + offset_in_mapping;
+                               } else {
+                                       *address = map_addr;
+                               }
+                               if (overmap_start) {
+                                       *address += overmap_start;
+                                       DEBUG4K_SHARE("map %p map_addr 0x%llx offset_in_mapping 0x%llx overmap_start 0x%llx -> *address 0x%llx\n", target_map, (uint64_t)map_addr, (uint64_t) offset_in_mapping, (uint64_t)overmap_start, (uint64_t)*address);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+                       if (target_copy_map != copy_map) {
+                               vm_map_copy_discard(target_copy_map);
+                               target_copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+                       }
+
+                       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               if (!(flags & VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE)) {
+                                       /* deallocate the contiguous range */
+                                       (void) vm_deallocate(target_map,
+                                           map_addr,
+                                           map_size);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       return kr;
+               }
+
+               if (named_entry->is_object) {
+                       unsigned int    access;
+                       vm_prot_t       protections;
+                       unsigned int    wimg_mode;
+
+                       /* we are mapping a VM object */
+
+                       protections = named_entry->protection & VM_PROT_ALL;
+                       access = GET_MAP_MEM(named_entry->protection);
+
+                       if (flags & (VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR |
+                           VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR)) {
+                               offset_in_mapping = offset - VM_MAP_TRUNC_PAGE(offset, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+                               if (flags & VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR) {
+                                       offset_in_mapping &= ~((signed)(0xFFF));
+                               }
+                               offset = VM_MAP_TRUNC_PAGE(offset, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+                               map_size = VM_MAP_ROUND_PAGE((offset + offset_in_mapping + initial_size) - offset, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+                       }
+
+                       object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(named_entry);
+                       assert(object != VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+                       vm_object_lock(object);
+                       named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+
+                       vm_object_reference_locked(object);
+
+                       wimg_mode = object->wimg_bits;
+                       vm_prot_to_wimg(access, &wimg_mode);
+                       if (object->wimg_bits != wimg_mode) {
+                               vm_object_change_wimg_mode(object, wimg_mode);
+                       }
+
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+               } else {
+                       panic("invalid VM named entry %p", named_entry);
+               }
+       } else if (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_MEMORY_OBJECT) {
+               /*
+                * JMM - This is temporary until we unify named entries
+                * and raw memory objects.
+                *
+                * Detected fake ip_kotype for a memory object.  In
+                * this case, the port isn't really a port at all, but
+                * instead is just a raw memory object.
+                */
+               if (flags & (VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR |
+                   VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR)) {
+                       panic("VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR not expected for raw memory object.");
+               }
+
+               object = memory_object_to_vm_object((memory_object_t)port);
+               if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
+               }
+               vm_object_reference(object);
+
+               /* wait for object (if any) to be ready */
+               if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       if (object == kernel_object) {
+                               printf("Warning: Attempt to map kernel object"
+                                   " by a non-private kernel entity\n");
+                               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
+                       }
+                       if (!object->pager_ready) {
+                               vm_object_lock(object);
+
+                               while (!object->pager_ready) {
+                                       vm_object_wait(object,
+                                           VM_OBJECT_EVENT_PAGER_READY,
+                                           THREAD_UNINT);
+                                       vm_object_lock(object);
+                               }
+                               vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       }
+               }
+       } else {
+               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
        }
-       pager = object->pager;
-       if (object->named &&
-           pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL &&
-           object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE) {
-               assert(object->pager_ready);
-               vm_object_mapping_wait(object, THREAD_UNINT);
-               vm_object_mapping_begin(object);
-               vm_object_unlock(object);
 
-               kr = memory_object_map(pager, pager_prot);
-               assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+       if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+           object->named &&
+           object->pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL &&
+           object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE) {
+               memory_object_t pager;
+               vm_prot_t       pager_prot;
+               kern_return_t   kr;
 
+               /*
+                * For "named" VM objects, let the pager know that the
+                * memory object is being mapped.  Some pagers need to keep
+                * track of this, to know when they can reclaim the memory
+                * object, for example.
+                * VM calls memory_object_map() for each mapping (specifying
+                * the protection of each mapping) and calls
+                * memory_object_last_unmap() when all the mappings are gone.
+                */
+               pager_prot = max_protection;
+               if (copy) {
+                       /*
+                        * Copy-On-Write mapping: won't modify the
+                        * memory object.
+                        */
+                       pager_prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+               }
                vm_object_lock(object);
-               vm_object_mapping_end(object);
+               pager = object->pager;
+               if (object->named &&
+                   pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                   object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE) {
+                       assert(object->pager_ready);
+                       vm_object_mapping_wait(object, THREAD_UNINT);
+                       vm_object_mapping_begin(object);
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+
+                       kr = memory_object_map(pager, pager_prot);
+                       assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+
+                       vm_object_lock(object);
+                       vm_object_mapping_end(object);
+               }
+               vm_object_unlock(object);
        }
-       vm_object_unlock(object);
 
        /*
         *      Perform the copy if requested
         */
 
        if (copy) {
-               vm_object_t             new_object;
-               vm_object_offset_t      new_offset;
+               vm_object_t             new_object;
+               vm_object_offset_t      new_offset;
 
-               result = vm_object_copy_strategically(object, offset, size,
-                                                     &new_object, &new_offset,
-                                                     &copy);
+               result = vm_object_copy_strategically(object, offset,
+                   map_size,
+                   &new_object, &new_offset,
+                   &copy);
 
 
                if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
@@ -2721,9 +4611,10 @@ vm_map_enter_mem_object_control(
                        new_object = object;
                        new_offset = offset;
                        success = vm_object_copy_quickly(&new_object,
-                                                        new_offset, size,
-                                                        &src_needs_copy,
-                                                        &copy);
+                           new_offset,
+                           map_size,
+                           &src_needs_copy,
+                           &copy);
                        assert(success);
                        result = KERN_SUCCESS;
                }
@@ -2734,32 +4625,399 @@ vm_map_enter_mem_object_control(
 
                vm_object_deallocate(object);
 
-               if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
+               if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        return result;
+               }
 
                object = new_object;
                offset = new_offset;
        }
 
-       result = vm_map_enter(target_map,
-                             &map_addr, map_size,
-                             (vm_map_offset_t)mask,
-                             flags,
-                             object, offset,
-                             copy,
-                             cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
-       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
+       /*
+        * If non-kernel users want to try to prefault pages, the mapping and prefault
+        * needs to be atomic.
+        */
+       kernel_prefault = (try_prefault && vm_kernel_map_is_kernel(target_map));
+       vmk_flags.vmkf_keep_map_locked = (try_prefault && !kernel_prefault);
+
+#if __arm64__
+       if (fourk) {
+               /* map this object in a "4K" pager */
+               result = vm_map_enter_fourk(target_map,
+                   &map_addr,
+                   map_size,
+                   (vm_map_offset_t) mask,
+                   flags,
+                   vmk_flags,
+                   tag,
+                   object,
+                   offset,
+                   copy,
+                   cur_protection,
+                   max_protection,
+                   inheritance);
+       } else
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+       {
+               result = vm_map_enter(target_map,
+                   &map_addr, map_size,
+                   (vm_map_offset_t)mask,
+                   flags,
+                   vmk_flags,
+                   tag,
+                   object, offset,
+                   copy,
+                   cur_protection, max_protection,
+                   inheritance);
+       }
+       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               vm_object_deallocate(object);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Try to prefault, and do not forget to release the vm map lock.
+        */
+       if (result == KERN_SUCCESS && try_prefault) {
+               mach_vm_address_t va = map_addr;
+               kern_return_t kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+               unsigned int i = 0;
+               int pmap_options;
+
+               pmap_options = kernel_prefault ? 0 : PMAP_OPTIONS_NOWAIT;
+               if (object->internal) {
+                       pmap_options |= PMAP_OPTIONS_INTERNAL;
+               }
+
+               for (i = 0; i < page_list_count; ++i) {
+                       if (!UPL_VALID_PAGE(page_list, i)) {
+                               if (kernel_prefault) {
+                                       assertf(FALSE, "kernel_prefault && !UPL_VALID_PAGE");
+                                       result = KERN_MEMORY_ERROR;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * If this function call failed, we should stop
+                                * trying to optimize, other calls are likely
+                                * going to fail too.
+                                *
+                                * We are not gonna report an error for such
+                                * failure though. That's an optimization, not
+                                * something critical.
+                                */
+                               kr = pmap_enter_options(target_map->pmap,
+                                   va, UPL_PHYS_PAGE(page_list, i),
+                                   cur_protection, VM_PROT_NONE,
+                                   0, TRUE, pmap_options, NULL);
+                               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                                       OSIncrementAtomic64(&vm_prefault_nb_bailout);
+                                       if (kernel_prefault) {
+                                               result = kr;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               OSIncrementAtomic64(&vm_prefault_nb_pages);
+                       }
+
+                       /* Next virtual address */
+                       va += PAGE_SIZE;
+               }
+               if (vmk_flags.vmkf_keep_map_locked) {
+                       vm_map_unlock(target_map);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (flags & (VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR |
+           VM_FLAGS_RETURN_4K_DATA_ADDR)) {
+               *address = map_addr + offset_in_mapping;
+       } else {
+               *address = map_addr;
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_enter_mem_object(
+       vm_map_t                target_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *address,
+       vm_map_size_t           initial_size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       ipc_port_t              port,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       boolean_t               copy,
+       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
+{
+       kern_return_t ret;
+
+       ret = vm_map_enter_mem_object_helper(target_map,
+           address,
+           initial_size,
+           mask,
+           flags,
+           vmk_flags,
+           tag,
+           port,
+           offset,
+           copy,
+           cur_protection,
+           max_protection,
+           inheritance,
+           NULL,
+           0);
+
+#if KASAN
+       if (ret == KERN_SUCCESS && address && target_map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+               kasan_notify_address(*address, initial_size);
+       }
+#endif
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_enter_mem_object_prefault(
+       vm_map_t                target_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *address,
+       vm_map_size_t           initial_size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       ipc_port_t              port,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
+       upl_page_list_ptr_t     page_list,
+       unsigned int            page_list_count)
+{
+       kern_return_t ret;
+
+       ret = vm_map_enter_mem_object_helper(target_map,
+           address,
+           initial_size,
+           mask,
+           flags,
+           vmk_flags,
+           tag,
+           port,
+           offset,
+           FALSE,
+           cur_protection,
+           max_protection,
+           VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT,
+           page_list,
+           page_list_count);
+
+#if KASAN
+       if (ret == KERN_SUCCESS && address && target_map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+               kasan_notify_address(*address, initial_size);
+       }
+#endif
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_enter_mem_object_control(
+       vm_map_t                target_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *address,
+       vm_map_size_t           initial_size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       memory_object_control_t control,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       boolean_t               copy,
+       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
+{
+       vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
+       vm_map_size_t           map_size;
+       vm_object_t             object;
+       vm_object_size_t        size;
+       kern_return_t           result;
+       memory_object_t         pager;
+       vm_prot_t               pager_prot;
+       kern_return_t           kr;
+#if __arm64__
+       boolean_t               fourk = vmk_flags.vmkf_fourk;
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+
+       /*
+        * Check arguments for validity
+        */
+       if ((target_map == VM_MAP_NULL) ||
+           (cur_protection & ~VM_PROT_ALL) ||
+           (max_protection & ~VM_PROT_ALL) ||
+           (inheritance > VM_INHERIT_LAST_VALID) ||
+           initial_size == 0) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
+
+#if __arm64__
+       if (fourk && VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map) < PAGE_MASK) {
+               fourk = FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (fourk) {
+               map_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*address,
+                   FOURK_PAGE_MASK);
+               map_size = vm_map_round_page(initial_size,
+                   FOURK_PAGE_MASK);
+       } else
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+       {
+               map_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*address,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+               map_size = vm_map_round_page(initial_size,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+       }
+       size = vm_object_round_page(initial_size);
+
+       object = memory_object_control_to_vm_object(control);
+
+       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
+       }
+
+       if (object == kernel_object) {
+               printf("Warning: Attempt to map kernel object"
+                   " by a non-private kernel entity\n");
+               return KERN_INVALID_OBJECT;
+       }
+
+       vm_object_lock(object);
+       object->ref_count++;
+
+       /*
+        * For "named" VM objects, let the pager know that the
+        * memory object is being mapped.  Some pagers need to keep
+        * track of this, to know when they can reclaim the memory
+        * object, for example.
+        * VM calls memory_object_map() for each mapping (specifying
+        * the protection of each mapping) and calls
+        * memory_object_last_unmap() when all the mappings are gone.
+        */
+       pager_prot = max_protection;
+       if (copy) {
+               pager_prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+       }
+       pager = object->pager;
+       if (object->named &&
+           pager != MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL &&
+           object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE) {
+               assert(object->pager_ready);
+               vm_object_mapping_wait(object, THREAD_UNINT);
+               vm_object_mapping_begin(object);
+               vm_object_unlock(object);
+
+               kr = memory_object_map(pager, pager_prot);
+               assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+
+               vm_object_lock(object);
+               vm_object_mapping_end(object);
+       }
+       vm_object_unlock(object);
+
+       /*
+        *      Perform the copy if requested
+        */
+
+       if (copy) {
+               vm_object_t             new_object;
+               vm_object_offset_t      new_offset;
+
+               result = vm_object_copy_strategically(object, offset, size,
+                   &new_object, &new_offset,
+                   &copy);
+
+
+               if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
+                       boolean_t success;
+                       boolean_t src_needs_copy;
+
+                       /*
+                        * XXX
+                        * We currently ignore src_needs_copy.
+                        * This really is the issue of how to make
+                        * MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC safe for
+                        * non-kernel users to use. Solution forthcoming.
+                        * In the meantime, since we don't allow non-kernel
+                        * memory managers to specify symmetric copy,
+                        * we won't run into problems here.
+                        */
+                       new_object = object;
+                       new_offset = offset;
+                       success = vm_object_copy_quickly(&new_object,
+                           new_offset, size,
+                           &src_needs_copy,
+                           &copy);
+                       assert(success);
+                       result = KERN_SUCCESS;
+               }
+               /*
+                *      Throw away the reference to the
+                *      original object, as it won't be mapped.
+                */
+
+               vm_object_deallocate(object);
+
+               if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       return result;
+               }
+
+               object = new_object;
+               offset = new_offset;
+       }
+
+#if __arm64__
+       if (fourk) {
+               result = vm_map_enter_fourk(target_map,
+                   &map_addr,
+                   map_size,
+                   (vm_map_offset_t)mask,
+                   flags,
+                   vmk_flags,
+                   tag,
+                   object, offset,
+                   copy,
+                   cur_protection, max_protection,
+                   inheritance);
+       } else
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+       {
+               result = vm_map_enter(target_map,
+                   &map_addr, map_size,
+                   (vm_map_offset_t)mask,
+                   flags,
+                   vmk_flags,
+                   tag,
+                   object, offset,
+                   copy,
+                   cur_protection, max_protection,
+                   inheritance);
+       }
+       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                vm_object_deallocate(object);
+       }
        *address = map_addr;
 
        return result;
 }
 
 
-#if    VM_CPM
+#if     VM_CPM
 
 #ifdef MACH_ASSERT
-extern pmap_paddr_t    avail_start, avail_end;
+extern pmap_paddr_t     avail_start, avail_end;
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -2774,50 +5032,61 @@ extern pmap_paddr_t     avail_start, avail_end;
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_enter_cpm(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t *addr,
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       int                     flags)
-{
-       vm_object_t             cpm_obj;
-       pmap_t                  pmap;
-       vm_page_t               m, pages;
-       kern_return_t           kr;
-       vm_map_offset_t         va, start, end, offset;
-#if    MACH_ASSERT
-       vm_map_offset_t         prev_addr;
-#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
-
-       boolean_t               anywhere = ((VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE & flags) != 0);
-
-       if (!vm_allocate_cpm_enabled)
-               return KERN_FAILURE;
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t *addr,
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       int                     flags)
+{
+       vm_object_t             cpm_obj;
+       pmap_t                  pmap;
+       vm_page_t               m, pages;
+       kern_return_t           kr;
+       vm_map_offset_t         va, start, end, offset;
+#if     MACH_ASSERT
+       vm_map_offset_t         prev_addr = 0;
+#endif  /* MACH_ASSERT */
+
+       boolean_t               anywhere = ((VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE & flags) != 0);
+       vm_tag_t tag;
+
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) != PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               /* XXX TODO4K do we need to support this? */
+               *addr = 0;
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       }
+
+       VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);
 
        if (size == 0) {
                *addr = 0;
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
-       if (anywhere)
+       if (anywhere) {
                *addr = vm_map_min(map);
-       else
-               *addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*addr);
-       size = vm_map_round_page(size);
+       } else {
+               *addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*addr,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+       }
+       size = vm_map_round_page(size,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
 
        /*
         * LP64todo - cpm_allocate should probably allow
         * allocations of >4GB, but not with the current
         * algorithm, so just cast down the size for now.
         */
-       if (size > VM_MAX_ADDRESS)
+       if (size > VM_MAX_ADDRESS) {
                return KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
+       }
        if ((kr = cpm_allocate(CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, size),
-                              &pages, 0, 0, TRUE, flags)) != KERN_SUCCESS)
+           &pages, 0, 0, TRUE, flags)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                return kr;
+       }
 
        cpm_obj = vm_object_allocate((vm_object_size_t)size);
        assert(cpm_obj != VM_OBJECT_NULL);
        assert(cpm_obj->internal);
-       assert(cpm_obj->size == (vm_object_size_t)size);
+       assert(cpm_obj->vo_size == (vm_object_size_t)size);
        assert(cpm_obj->can_persist == FALSE);
        assert(cpm_obj->pager_created == FALSE);
        assert(cpm_obj->pageout == FALSE);
@@ -2833,22 +5102,15 @@ vm_map_enter_cpm(
                pages = NEXT_PAGE(m);
                *(NEXT_PAGE_PTR(m)) = VM_PAGE_NULL;
 
-               assert(!m->gobbled);
-               assert(!m->wanted);
-               assert(!m->pageout);
-               assert(!m->tabled);
+               assert(!m->vmp_gobbled);
+               assert(!m->vmp_wanted);
+               assert(!m->vmp_pageout);
+               assert(!m->vmp_tabled);
                assert(VM_PAGE_WIRED(m));
-               /*
-                * ENCRYPTED SWAP:
-                * "m" is not supposed to be pageable, so it
-                * should not be encrypted.  It wouldn't be safe
-                * to enter it in a new VM object while encrypted.
-                */
-               ASSERT_PAGE_DECRYPTED(m);
-               assert(m->busy);
-               assert(m->phys_page>=(avail_start>>PAGE_SHIFT) && m->phys_page<=(avail_end>>PAGE_SHIFT));
+               assert(m->vmp_busy);
+               assert(VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m) >= (avail_start >> PAGE_SHIFT) && VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m) <= (avail_end >> PAGE_SHIFT));
 
-               m->busy = FALSE;
+               m->vmp_busy = FALSE;
                vm_page_insert(m, cpm_obj, offset);
        }
        assert(cpm_obj->resident_page_count == size / PAGE_SIZE);
@@ -2877,6 +5139,7 @@ vm_map_enter_cpm(
                size,
                (vm_map_offset_t)0,
                flags,
+               VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
                cpm_obj,
                (vm_object_offset_t)0,
                FALSE,
@@ -2915,8 +5178,8 @@ vm_map_enter_cpm(
         *      again.
         */
        for (offset = 0, va = start; offset < size;
-            va += PAGE_SIZE, offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
-               int type_of_fault;
+           va += PAGE_SIZE, offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
+               int type_of_fault;
 
                vm_object_lock(cpm_obj);
                m = vm_page_lookup(cpm_obj, (vm_object_offset_t)offset);
@@ -2926,14 +5189,23 @@ vm_map_enter_cpm(
 
                type_of_fault = DBG_ZERO_FILL_FAULT;
 
-               vm_fault_enter(m, pmap, va, VM_PROT_ALL,
-                              VM_PAGE_WIRED(m), FALSE, FALSE,
-                              &type_of_fault);
+               vm_fault_enter(m, pmap, va,
+                   PAGE_SIZE, 0,
+                   VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_WRITE,
+                   VM_PAGE_WIRED(m),
+                   FALSE,                             /* change_wiring */
+                   VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE,                             /* tag - not wiring */
+                   FALSE,                             /* no_cache */
+                   FALSE,                             /* cs_bypass */
+                   0,                                 /* user_tag */
+                   0,                             /* pmap_options */
+                   NULL,                              /* need_retry */
+                   &type_of_fault);
 
                vm_object_unlock(cpm_obj);
        }
 
-#if    MACH_ASSERT
+#if     MACH_ASSERT
        /*
         *      Verify ordering in address space.
         */
@@ -2941,32 +5213,33 @@ vm_map_enter_cpm(
                vm_object_lock(cpm_obj);
                m = vm_page_lookup(cpm_obj, (vm_object_offset_t)offset);
                vm_object_unlock(cpm_obj);
-               if (m == VM_PAGE_NULL)
-                       panic("vm_allocate_cpm:  obj 0x%x off 0x%x no page",
-                             cpm_obj, offset);
-               assert(m->tabled);
-               assert(!m->busy);
-               assert(!m->wanted);
-               assert(!m->fictitious);
-               assert(!m->private);
-               assert(!m->absent);
-               assert(!m->error);
-               assert(!m->cleaning);
-               assert(!m->precious);
-               assert(!m->clustered);
+               if (m == VM_PAGE_NULL) {
+                       panic("vm_allocate_cpm:  obj %p off 0x%llx no page",
+                           cpm_obj, (uint64_t)offset);
+               }
+               assert(m->vmp_tabled);
+               assert(!m->vmp_busy);
+               assert(!m->vmp_wanted);
+               assert(!m->vmp_fictitious);
+               assert(!m->vmp_private);
+               assert(!m->vmp_absent);
+               assert(!m->vmp_error);
+               assert(!m->vmp_cleaning);
+               assert(!m->vmp_laundry);
+               assert(!m->vmp_precious);
+               assert(!m->vmp_clustered);
                if (offset != 0) {
-                       if (m->phys_page != prev_addr + 1) {
-                               printf("start 0x%x end 0x%x va 0x%x\n",
-                                      start, end, va);
-                               printf("obj 0x%x off 0x%x\n", cpm_obj, offset);
-                               printf("m 0x%x prev_address 0x%x\n", m,
-                                      prev_addr);
+                       if (VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m) != prev_addr + 1) {
+                               printf("start 0x%llx end 0x%llx va 0x%llx\n",
+                                   (uint64_t)start, (uint64_t)end, (uint64_t)va);
+                               printf("obj %p off 0x%llx\n", cpm_obj, (uint64_t)offset);
+                               printf("m %p prev_address 0x%llx\n", m, (uint64_t)prev_addr);
                                panic("vm_allocate_cpm:  pages not contig!");
                        }
                }
-               prev_addr = m->phys_page;
+               prev_addr = VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m);
        }
-#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
+#endif  /* MACH_ASSERT */
 
        vm_object_deallocate(cpm_obj); /* kill extra ref */
 
@@ -2974,7 +5247,7 @@ vm_map_enter_cpm(
 }
 
 
-#else  /* VM_CPM */
+#else   /* VM_CPM */
 
 /*
  *     Interface is defined in all cases, but unless the kernel
@@ -2984,10 +5257,10 @@ vm_map_enter_cpm(
 
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_enter_cpm(
-       __unused vm_map_t       map,
-       __unused vm_map_offset_t        *addr,
-       __unused vm_map_size_t  size,
-       __unused int            flags)
+       __unused vm_map_t       map,
+       __unused vm_map_offset_t        *addr,
+       __unused vm_map_size_t  size,
+       __unused int            flags)
 {
        return KERN_FAILURE;
 }
@@ -3002,16 +5275,17 @@ vm_map_enter_cpm(
 
 static void
 vm_map_clip_unnest(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
-       vm_map_offset_t start_unnest,
-       vm_map_offset_t end_unnest)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t start_unnest,
+       vm_map_offset_t end_unnest)
 {
        vm_map_offset_t old_start_unnest = start_unnest;
        vm_map_offset_t old_end_unnest = end_unnest;
 
        assert(entry->is_sub_map);
-       assert(entry->object.sub_map != NULL);
+       assert(VME_SUBMAP(entry) != NULL);
+       assert(entry->use_pmap);
 
        /*
         * Query the platform for the optimal unnest range.
@@ -3022,44 +5296,64 @@ vm_map_clip_unnest(
         * depending on size/alignment.
         */
        if (pmap_adjust_unnest_parameters(map->pmap, &start_unnest, &end_unnest)) {
-               log_unnest_badness(map, old_start_unnest, old_end_unnest);
+               assert(VME_SUBMAP(entry)->is_nested_map);
+               assert(!VME_SUBMAP(entry)->disable_vmentry_reuse);
+               log_unnest_badness(map,
+                   old_start_unnest,
+                   old_end_unnest,
+                   VME_SUBMAP(entry)->is_nested_map,
+                   (entry->vme_start +
+                   VME_SUBMAP(entry)->lowest_unnestable_start -
+                   VME_OFFSET(entry)));
        }
 
        if (entry->vme_start > start_unnest ||
            entry->vme_end < end_unnest) {
                panic("vm_map_clip_unnest(0x%llx,0x%llx): "
-                     "bad nested entry: start=0x%llx end=0x%llx\n",
-                     (long long)start_unnest, (long long)end_unnest,
-                     (long long)entry->vme_start, (long long)entry->vme_end);
+                   "bad nested entry: start=0x%llx end=0x%llx\n",
+                   (long long)start_unnest, (long long)end_unnest,
+                   (long long)entry->vme_start, (long long)entry->vme_end);
        }
 
        if (start_unnest > entry->vme_start) {
                _vm_map_clip_start(&map->hdr,
-                                  entry,
-                                  start_unnest);
-               UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(map, map->first_free);
+                   entry,
+                   start_unnest);
+               if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, NULL, FALSE);
+               } else {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, map->first_free, FALSE);
+               }
        }
        if (entry->vme_end > end_unnest) {
                _vm_map_clip_end(&map->hdr,
-                                entry,
-                                end_unnest);
-               UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(map, map->first_free);
+                   entry,
+                   end_unnest);
+               if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, NULL, FALSE);
+               } else {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, map->first_free, FALSE);
+               }
        }
 
        pmap_unnest(map->pmap,
-                   entry->vme_start,
-                   entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
-       if ((map->mapped) && (map->ref_count)) {
+           entry->vme_start,
+           entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
+       if ((map->mapped_in_other_pmaps) && os_ref_get_count(&map->map_refcnt) != 0) {
                /* clean up parent map/maps */
                vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
                        map, entry->vme_start,
                        entry->vme_end,
-                       entry->object.sub_map,
-                       entry->offset);
+                       VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                       VME_OFFSET(entry));
        }
        entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+       if ((map->pmap != kernel_pmap) &&
+           (VME_ALIAS(entry) == VM_MEMORY_SHARED_PMAP)) {
+               VME_ALIAS_SET(entry, VM_MEMORY_UNSHARED_PMAP);
+       }
 }
-#endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
+#endif  /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
 
 /*
  *     vm_map_clip_start:      [ internal use only ]
@@ -3068,16 +5362,17 @@ vm_map_clip_unnest(
  *     the specified address; if necessary,
  *     it splits the entry into two.
  */
-static void
+void
 vm_map_clip_start(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
-       vm_map_offset_t startaddr)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t startaddr)
 {
 #ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP
-       if (entry->use_pmap &&
+       if (entry->is_sub_map &&
+           entry->use_pmap &&
            startaddr >= entry->vme_start) {
-               vm_map_offset_t start_unnest, end_unnest;
+               vm_map_offset_t start_unnest, end_unnest;
 
                /*
                 * Make sure "startaddr" is no longer in a nested range
@@ -3086,21 +5381,37 @@ vm_map_clip_start(
                 * vm_map_clip_unnest may perform additional adjustments to
                 * the unnest range.
                 */
-               start_unnest = startaddr & ~(pmap_nesting_size_min - 1);
-               end_unnest = start_unnest + pmap_nesting_size_min;
+               start_unnest = startaddr & ~(pmap_shared_region_size_min(map->pmap) - 1);
+               end_unnest = start_unnest + pmap_shared_region_size_min(map->pmap);
                vm_map_clip_unnest(map, entry, start_unnest, end_unnest);
        }
 #endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
        if (startaddr > entry->vme_start) {
-               if (entry->object.vm_object &&
+               if (VME_OBJECT(entry) &&
                    !entry->is_sub_map &&
-                   entry->object.vm_object->phys_contiguous) {
+                   VME_OBJECT(entry)->phys_contiguous) {
                        pmap_remove(map->pmap,
-                                   (addr64_t)(entry->vme_start),
-                                   (addr64_t)(entry->vme_end));
+                           (addr64_t)(entry->vme_start),
+                           (addr64_t)(entry->vme_end));
                }
+               if (entry->vme_atomic) {
+                       panic("Attempting to clip an atomic VM entry! (map: %p, entry: %p)\n", map, entry);
+               }
+
+               DTRACE_VM5(
+                       vm_map_clip_start,
+                       vm_map_t, map,
+                       vm_map_offset_t, entry->vme_start,
+                       vm_map_offset_t, entry->vme_end,
+                       vm_map_offset_t, startaddr,
+                       int, VME_ALIAS(entry));
+
                _vm_map_clip_start(&map->hdr, entry, startaddr);
-               UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(map, map->first_free);
+               if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, NULL, FALSE);
+               } else {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, map->first_free, FALSE);
+               }
        }
 }
 
@@ -3108,7 +5419,7 @@ vm_map_clip_start(
 #define vm_map_copy_clip_start(copy, entry, startaddr) \
        MACRO_BEGIN \
        if ((startaddr) > (entry)->vme_start) \
-               _vm_map_clip_start(&(copy)->cpy_hdr,(entry),(startaddr)); \
+               _vm_map_clip_start(&(copy)->cpy_hdr,(entry),(startaddr)); \
        MACRO_END
 
 /*
@@ -3117,11 +5428,11 @@ vm_map_clip_start(
  */
 static void
 _vm_map_clip_start(
-       register struct vm_map_header   *map_header,
-       register vm_map_entry_t         entry,
-       register vm_map_offset_t                start)
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start)
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t new_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry;
 
        /*
         *      Split off the front portion --
@@ -3131,19 +5442,27 @@ _vm_map_clip_start(
         *      address.
         */
 
-       new_entry = _vm_map_entry_create(map_header);
+       if (entry->map_aligned) {
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(start,
+                   VM_MAP_HDR_PAGE_MASK(map_header)));
+       }
+
+       new_entry = _vm_map_entry_create(map_header, !map_header->entries_pageable);
        vm_map_entry_copy_full(new_entry, entry);
 
        new_entry->vme_end = start;
-       entry->offset += (start - entry->vme_start);
+       assert(new_entry->vme_start < new_entry->vme_end);
+       VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, VME_OFFSET(entry) + (start - entry->vme_start));
+       assert(start < entry->vme_end);
        entry->vme_start = start;
 
-       _vm_map_entry_link(map_header, entry->vme_prev, new_entry);
+       _vm_map_store_entry_link(map_header, entry->vme_prev, new_entry);
 
-       if (entry->is_sub_map)
-               vm_map_reference(new_entry->object.sub_map);
-       else
-               vm_object_reference(new_entry->object.vm_object);
+       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+               vm_map_reference(VME_SUBMAP(new_entry));
+       } else {
+               vm_object_reference(VME_OBJECT(new_entry));
+       }
 }
 
 
@@ -3154,11 +5473,11 @@ _vm_map_clip_start(
  *     the specified address; if necessary,
  *     it splits the entry into two.
  */
-static void
+void
 vm_map_clip_end(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
-       vm_map_offset_t endaddr)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t endaddr)
 {
        if (endaddr > entry->vme_end) {
                /*
@@ -3168,8 +5487,8 @@ vm_map_clip_end(
                endaddr = entry->vme_end;
        }
 #ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP
-       if (entry->use_pmap) {
-               vm_map_offset_t start_unnest, end_unnest;
+       if (entry->is_sub_map && entry->use_pmap) {
+               vm_map_offset_t start_unnest, end_unnest;
 
                /*
                 * Make sure the range between the start of this entry and
@@ -3180,21 +5499,36 @@ vm_map_clip_end(
                 */
                start_unnest = entry->vme_start;
                end_unnest =
-                       (endaddr + pmap_nesting_size_min - 1) &
-                       ~(pmap_nesting_size_min - 1);
+                   (endaddr + pmap_shared_region_size_min(map->pmap) - 1) &
+                   ~(pmap_shared_region_size_min(map->pmap) - 1);
                vm_map_clip_unnest(map, entry, start_unnest, end_unnest);
        }
 #endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
        if (endaddr < entry->vme_end) {
-               if (entry->object.vm_object &&
+               if (VME_OBJECT(entry) &&
                    !entry->is_sub_map &&
-                   entry->object.vm_object->phys_contiguous) {
+                   VME_OBJECT(entry)->phys_contiguous) {
                        pmap_remove(map->pmap,
-                                   (addr64_t)(entry->vme_start),
-                                   (addr64_t)(entry->vme_end));
+                           (addr64_t)(entry->vme_start),
+                           (addr64_t)(entry->vme_end));
                }
+               if (entry->vme_atomic) {
+                       panic("Attempting to clip an atomic VM entry! (map: %p, entry: %p)\n", map, entry);
+               }
+               DTRACE_VM5(
+                       vm_map_clip_end,
+                       vm_map_t, map,
+                       vm_map_offset_t, entry->vme_start,
+                       vm_map_offset_t, entry->vme_end,
+                       vm_map_offset_t, endaddr,
+                       int, VME_ALIAS(entry));
+
                _vm_map_clip_end(&map->hdr, entry, endaddr);
-               UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(map, map->first_free);
+               if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, NULL, FALSE);
+               } else {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, map->first_free, FALSE);
+               }
        }
 }
 
@@ -3202,7 +5536,7 @@ vm_map_clip_end(
 #define vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy, entry, endaddr) \
        MACRO_BEGIN \
        if ((endaddr) < (entry)->vme_end) \
-               _vm_map_clip_end(&(copy)->cpy_hdr,(entry),(endaddr)); \
+               _vm_map_clip_end(&(copy)->cpy_hdr,(entry),(endaddr)); \
        MACRO_END
 
 /*
@@ -3211,29 +5545,38 @@ vm_map_clip_end(
  */
 static void
 _vm_map_clip_end(
-       register struct vm_map_header   *map_header,
-       register vm_map_entry_t         entry,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end)
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end)
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t new_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry;
 
        /*
         *      Create a new entry and insert it
         *      AFTER the specified entry
         */
 
-       new_entry = _vm_map_entry_create(map_header);
+       if (entry->map_aligned) {
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(end,
+                   VM_MAP_HDR_PAGE_MASK(map_header)));
+       }
+
+       new_entry = _vm_map_entry_create(map_header, !map_header->entries_pageable);
        vm_map_entry_copy_full(new_entry, entry);
 
+       assert(entry->vme_start < end);
        new_entry->vme_start = entry->vme_end = end;
-       new_entry->offset += (end - entry->vme_start);
+       VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry,
+           VME_OFFSET(new_entry) + (end - entry->vme_start));
+       assert(new_entry->vme_start < new_entry->vme_end);
 
-       _vm_map_entry_link(map_header, entry, new_entry);
+       _vm_map_store_entry_link(map_header, entry, new_entry);
 
-       if (entry->is_sub_map)
-               vm_map_reference(new_entry->object.sub_map);
-       else
-               vm_object_reference(new_entry->object.vm_object);
+       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+               vm_map_reference(VME_SUBMAP(new_entry));
+       } else {
+               vm_object_reference(VME_OBJECT(new_entry));
+       }
 }
 
 
@@ -3243,19 +5586,19 @@ _vm_map_clip_end(
  *     Asserts that the starting and ending region
  *     addresses fall within the valid range of the map.
  */
-#define        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end)     \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                             \
-       if (start < vm_map_min(map))            \
-               start = vm_map_min(map);        \
-       if (end > vm_map_max(map))              \
-               end = vm_map_max(map);          \
-       if (start > end)                        \
-               start = end;                    \
+#define VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end)     \
+       MACRO_BEGIN                             \
+       if (start < vm_map_min(map))            \
+               start = vm_map_min(map);        \
+       if (end > vm_map_max(map))              \
+               end = vm_map_max(map);          \
+       if (start > end)                        \
+               start = end;                    \
        MACRO_END
 
 /*
  *     vm_map_range_check:     [ internal use only ]
- *     
+ *
  *     Check that the region defined by the specified start and
  *     end addresses are wholly contained within a single map
  *     entry or set of adjacent map entries of the spacified map,
@@ -3269,49 +5612,54 @@ _vm_map_clip_end(
  */
 static boolean_t
 vm_map_range_check(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end,
-       vm_map_entry_t          *entry)
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       vm_map_entry_t          *entry)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t          cur;
-       register vm_map_offset_t        prev;
+       vm_map_entry_t          cur;
+       vm_map_offset_t         prev;
 
        /*
-        *      Basic sanity checks first
+        *      Basic sanity checks first
         */
-       if (start < vm_map_min(map) || end > vm_map_max(map) || start > end)
-               return (FALSE);
+       if (start < vm_map_min(map) || end > vm_map_max(map) || start > end) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
 
        /*
-        *      Check first if the region starts within a valid
+        *      Check first if the region starts within a valid
         *      mapping for the map.
         */
-       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &cur))
-               return (FALSE);
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &cur)) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
 
        /*
-        *      Optimize for the case that the region is contained 
+        *      Optimize for the case that the region is contained
         *      in a single map entry.
         */
-       if (entry != (vm_map_entry_t *) NULL)
+       if (entry != (vm_map_entry_t *) NULL) {
                *entry = cur;
-       if (end <= cur->vme_end)
-               return (TRUE);
+       }
+       if (end <= cur->vme_end) {
+               return TRUE;
+       }
 
        /*
-        *      If the region is not wholly contained within a
-        *      single entry, walk the entries looking for holes.
+        *      If the region is not wholly contained within a
+        *      single entry, walk the entries looking for holes.
         */
        prev = cur->vme_end;
        cur = cur->vme_next;
        while ((cur != vm_map_to_entry(map)) && (prev == cur->vme_start)) {
-               if (end <= cur->vme_end)
-                       return (TRUE);
+               if (end <= cur->vme_end) {
+                       return TRUE;
+               }
                prev = cur->vme_end;
                cur = cur->vme_next;
        }
-       return (FALSE);
+       return FALSE;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3334,23 +5682,23 @@ vm_map_range_check(
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_submap(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end,
-       vm_map_t                submap,
-       vm_map_offset_t offset,
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       vm_map_t        submap,
+       vm_map_offset_t offset,
 #ifdef NO_NESTED_PMAP
        __unused
-#endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
-       boolean_t               use_pmap)
+#endif  /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
+       boolean_t       use_pmap)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
-       register kern_return_t  result = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-       register vm_object_t    object;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       kern_return_t           result = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       vm_object_t             object;
 
        vm_map_lock(map);
 
-       if (! vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
                entry = entry->vme_next;
        }
 
@@ -3360,52 +5708,69 @@ vm_map_submap(
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
 
-       assert(!entry->use_pmap); /* we don't want to unnest anything here */
        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
        vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
 
        if ((entry->vme_start == start) && (entry->vme_end == end) &&
            (!entry->is_sub_map) &&
-           ((object = entry->object.vm_object) == vm_submap_object) &&
+           ((object = VME_OBJECT(entry)) == vm_submap_object) &&
            (object->resident_page_count == 0) &&
            (object->copy == VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
            (object->shadow == VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
            (!object->pager_created)) {
-               entry->offset = (vm_object_offset_t)offset;
-               entry->object.vm_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+               VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, (vm_object_offset_t)offset);
+               VME_OBJECT_SET(entry, VM_OBJECT_NULL);
                vm_object_deallocate(object);
                entry->is_sub_map = TRUE;
-               entry->object.sub_map = submap;
+               entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+               VME_SUBMAP_SET(entry, submap);
                vm_map_reference(submap);
-               submap->mapped = TRUE;
+               if (submap->mapped_in_other_pmaps == FALSE &&
+                   vm_map_pmap(submap) != PMAP_NULL &&
+                   vm_map_pmap(submap) != vm_map_pmap(map)) {
+                       /*
+                        * This submap is being mapped in a map
+                        * that uses a different pmap.
+                        * Set its "mapped_in_other_pmaps" flag
+                        * to indicate that we now need to
+                        * remove mappings from all pmaps rather
+                        * than just the submap's pmap.
+                        */
+                       submap->mapped_in_other_pmaps = TRUE;
+               }
 
 #ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP
                if (use_pmap) {
                        /* nest if platform code will allow */
-                       if(submap->pmap == NULL) {
-                               submap->pmap = pmap_create((vm_map_size_t) 0, FALSE);
-                               if(submap->pmap == PMAP_NULL) {
+                       if (submap->pmap == NULL) {
+                               ledger_t ledger = map->pmap->ledger;
+                               submap->pmap = pmap_create_options(ledger,
+                                   (vm_map_size_t) 0, 0);
+                               if (submap->pmap == PMAP_NULL) {
                                        vm_map_unlock(map);
-                                       return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+                                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
                                }
+#if     defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
+                               pmap_set_nested(submap->pmap);
+#endif
                        }
                        result = pmap_nest(map->pmap,
-                                          (entry->object.sub_map)->pmap, 
-                                          (addr64_t)start,
-                                          (addr64_t)start,
-                                          (uint64_t)(end - start));
-                       if(result)
+                           (VME_SUBMAP(entry))->pmap,
+                           (addr64_t)start,
+                           (uint64_t)(end - start));
+                       if (result) {
                                panic("vm_map_submap: pmap_nest failed, rc = %08X\n", result);
+                       }
                        entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
                }
-#else  /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
+#else   /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
                pmap_remove(map->pmap, (addr64_t)start, (addr64_t)end);
-#endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
+#endif  /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
                result = KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
        vm_map_unlock(map);
 
-       return(result);
+       return result;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3418,20 +5783,85 @@ vm_map_submap(
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_protect(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end,
-       register vm_prot_t      new_prot,
-       register boolean_t      set_max)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       vm_prot_t       new_prot,
+       boolean_t       set_max)
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t         current;
-       register vm_map_offset_t        prev;
-       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
-       vm_prot_t                       new_max;
+       vm_map_entry_t                  current;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 prev;
+       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
+       vm_prot_t                       new_max;
+       int                             pmap_options = 0;
+       kern_return_t                   kr;
+
+       if (new_prot & VM_PROT_COPY) {
+               vm_map_offset_t         new_start;
+               vm_prot_t               cur_prot, max_prot;
+               vm_map_kernel_flags_t   kflags;
+
+               /* LP64todo - see below */
+               if (start >= map->max_offset) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
 
-       XPR(XPR_VM_MAP,
-           "vm_map_protect, 0x%X start 0x%X end 0x%X, new 0x%X %d",
-           map, start, end, new_prot, set_max);
+               if ((new_prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+                   map->pmap != kernel_pmap &&
+                   (vm_map_cs_enforcement(map)
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX && __arm64__
+                   || !VM_MAP_IS_EXOTIC(map)
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX && __arm64__ */
+                   ) &&
+                   VM_MAP_POLICY_WX_FAIL(map)) {
+                       DTRACE_VM3(cs_wx,
+                           uint64_t, (uint64_t) start,
+                           uint64_t, (uint64_t) end,
+                           vm_prot_t, new_prot);
+                       printf("CODE SIGNING: %d[%s] %s can't have both write and exec at the same time\n",
+                           proc_selfpid(),
+                           (current_task()->bsd_info
+                           ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                           : "?"),
+                           __FUNCTION__);
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Let vm_map_remap_extract() know that it will need to:
+                * + make a copy of the mapping
+                * + add VM_PROT_WRITE to the max protections
+                * + remove any protections that are no longer allowed from the
+                *   max protections (to avoid any WRITE/EXECUTE conflict, for
+                *   example).
+                * Note that "max_prot" is an IN/OUT parameter only for this
+                * specific (VM_PROT_COPY) case.  It's usually an OUT parameter
+                * only.
+                */
+               max_prot = new_prot & VM_PROT_ALL;
+               cur_prot = VM_PROT_NONE;
+               kflags = VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE;
+               kflags.vmkf_remap_prot_copy = TRUE;
+               kflags.vmkf_overwrite_immutable = TRUE;
+               new_start = start;
+               kr = vm_map_remap(map,
+                   &new_start,
+                   end - start,
+                   0, /* mask */
+                   VM_FLAGS_FIXED | VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE,
+                   kflags,
+                   0,
+                   map,
+                   start,
+                   TRUE, /* copy-on-write remapping! */
+                   &cur_prot, /* IN/OUT */
+                   &max_prot, /* IN/OUT */
+                   VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       return kr;
+               }
+               new_prot &= ~VM_PROT_COPY;
+       }
 
        vm_map_lock(map);
 
@@ -3441,27 +5871,28 @@ vm_map_protect(
         */
        if (start >= map->max_offset) {
                vm_map_unlock(map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
 
-       while(1) {
+       while (1) {
                /*
-                *      Lookup the entry.  If it doesn't start in a valid
+                *      Lookup the entry.  If it doesn't start in a valid
                 *      entry, return an error.
                 */
-               if (! vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
+               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
 
-               if (entry->superpage_size && (start & (SUPERPAGE_SIZE-1))) { /* extend request to whole entry */
+               if (entry->superpage_size && (start & (SUPERPAGE_SIZE - 1))) { /* extend request to whole entry */
                        start = SUPERPAGE_ROUND_DOWN(start);
                        continue;
                }
                break;
-       }
-       if (entry->superpage_size)
-               end = SUPERPAGE_ROUND_UP(end);
+       }
+       if (entry->superpage_size) {
+               end = SUPERPAGE_ROUND_UP(end);
+       }
 
        /*
         *      Make a first pass to check for protection and address
@@ -3471,45 +5902,98 @@ vm_map_protect(
        current = entry;
        prev = current->vme_start;
        while ((current != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-              (current->vme_start < end)) {
-
+           (current->vme_start < end)) {
                /*
                 * If there is a hole, return an error.
                 */
                if (current->vme_start != prev) {
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
 
                new_max = current->max_protection;
-               if(new_prot & VM_PROT_COPY) {
-                       new_max |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
-                       if ((new_prot & (new_max | VM_PROT_COPY)) != new_prot) {
-                               vm_map_unlock(map);
-                               return(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       if ((new_prot & new_max) != new_prot) {
+               if ((new_prot & new_max) != new_prot) {
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
+
+               if (current->used_for_jit &&
+                   pmap_has_prot_policy(map->pmap, current->translated_allow_execute, current->protection)) {
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
+
+               if ((new_prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) &&
+                   (new_prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+                   map->pmap != kernel_pmap &&
+                   (vm_map_cs_enforcement(map)
+#if __arm64__
+                   || !VM_MAP_IS_EXOTIC(map)
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+                   ) &&
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+                   !(current->used_for_jit)) {
+                       DTRACE_VM3(cs_wx,
+                           uint64_t, (uint64_t) current->vme_start,
+                           uint64_t, (uint64_t) current->vme_end,
+                           vm_prot_t, new_prot);
+                       printf("CODE SIGNING: %d[%s] %s can't have both write and exec at the same time\n",
+                           proc_selfpid(),
+                           (current_task()->bsd_info
+                           ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                           : "?"),
+                           __FUNCTION__);
+                       new_prot &= ~VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                       if (VM_MAP_POLICY_WX_FAIL(map)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(map);
-                               return(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
+                               return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                        }
                }
 
-#if CONFIG_EMBEDDED
-               if (new_prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) {
-                       if (new_prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) {
-                               printf("EMBEDDED: %s can't have both write and exec at the same time\n", __FUNCTION__);
-                               new_prot &= ~VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+               /*
+                * If the task has requested executable lockdown,
+                * deny both:
+                * - adding executable protections OR
+                * - adding write protections to an existing executable mapping.
+                */
+               if (map->map_disallow_new_exec == TRUE) {
+                       if ((new_prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) ||
+                           ((current->protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) && (new_prot & VM_PROT_WRITE))) {
+                               vm_map_unlock(map);
+                               return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                        }
                }
-#endif
 
                prev = current->vme_end;
                current = current->vme_next;
        }
+
+#if __arm64__
+       if (end > prev &&
+           end == vm_map_round_page(prev, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map))) {
+               vm_map_entry_t prev_entry;
+
+               prev_entry = current->vme_prev;
+               if (prev_entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) &&
+                   !prev_entry->map_aligned &&
+                   (vm_map_round_page(prev_entry->vme_end,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map))
+                   == end)) {
+                       /*
+                        * The last entry in our range is not "map-aligned"
+                        * but it would have reached all the way to "end"
+                        * if it had been map-aligned, so this is not really
+                        * a hole in the range and we can proceed.
+                        */
+                       prev = end;
+               }
+       }
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+
        if (end > prev) {
                vm_map_unlock(map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
 
        /*
@@ -3525,41 +6009,32 @@ vm_map_protect(
        }
 
        while ((current != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-              (current->vme_start < end)) {
-
-               vm_prot_t       old_prot;
+           (current->vme_start < end)) {
+               vm_prot_t       old_prot;
 
                vm_map_clip_end(map, current, end);
 
-               assert(!current->use_pmap); /* clipping did unnest if needed */
+               if (current->is_sub_map) {
+                       /* clipping did unnest if needed */
+                       assert(!current->use_pmap);
+               }
 
                old_prot = current->protection;
 
-               if(new_prot & VM_PROT_COPY) {
-                       /* caller is asking specifically to copy the      */
-                       /* mapped data, this implies that max protection  */
-                       /* will include write.  Caller must be prepared   */
-                       /* for loss of shared memory communication in the */
-                       /* target area after taking this step */
-                       current->needs_copy = TRUE;
-                       current->max_protection |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+               if (set_max) {
+                       current->max_protection = new_prot;
+                       current->protection = new_prot & old_prot;
+               } else {
+                       current->protection = new_prot;
                }
 
-               if (set_max)
-                       current->protection =
-                               (current->max_protection = 
-                                new_prot & ~VM_PROT_COPY) &
-                               old_prot;
-               else
-                       current->protection = new_prot & ~VM_PROT_COPY;
-
                /*
                 *      Update physical map if necessary.
-                *      If the request is to turn off write protection, 
-                *      we won't do it for real (in pmap). This is because 
-                *      it would cause copy-on-write to fail.  We've already 
-                *      set, the new protection in the map, so if a 
-                *      write-protect fault occurred, it will be fixed up 
+                *      If the request is to turn off write protection,
+                *      we won't do it for real (in pmap). This is because
+                *      it would cause copy-on-write to fail.  We've already
+                *      set, the new protection in the map, so if a
+                *      write-protect fault occurred, it will be fixed up
                 *      properly, COW or not.
                 */
                if (current->protection != old_prot) {
@@ -3569,21 +6044,75 @@ vm_map_protect(
 
                        vm_prot_t prot;
 
-                       prot = current->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+                       prot = current->protection;
+                       if (current->is_sub_map || (VME_OBJECT(current) == NULL) || (VME_OBJECT(current) != compressor_object)) {
+                               prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+                       } else {
+                               assert(!VME_OBJECT(current)->code_signed);
+                               assert(VME_OBJECT(current)->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE);
+                       }
+
+                       if (override_nx(map, VME_ALIAS(current)) && prot) {
+                               prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                       }
+
+#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
+                       if (!(old_prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+                           (prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+                           panic_on_unsigned_execute &&
+                           (proc_selfcsflags() & CS_KILL)) {
+                               panic("vm_map_protect(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx) old=0x%x new=0x%x - <rdar://23770418> code-signing bypass?\n", map, (uint64_t)current->vme_start, (uint64_t)current->vme_end, old_prot, prot);
+                       }
+#endif /* DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG */
+
+                       if (pmap_has_prot_policy(map->pmap, current->translated_allow_execute, prot)) {
+                               if (current->wired_count) {
+                                       panic("vm_map_protect(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx) new=0x%x wired=%x\n",
+                                           map, (uint64_t)current->vme_start, (uint64_t)current->vme_end, prot, current->wired_count);
+                               }
 
-                       if (override_nx(map, current->alias) && prot)
-                               prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               /* If the pmap layer cares about this
+                                * protection type, force a fault for
+                                * each page so that vm_fault will
+                                * repopulate the page with the full
+                                * set of protections.
+                                */
+                               /*
+                                * TODO: We don't seem to need this,
+                                * but this is due to an internal
+                                * implementation detail of
+                                * pmap_protect.  Do we want to rely
+                                * on this?
+                                */
+                               prot = VM_PROT_NONE;
+                       }
 
                        if (current->is_sub_map && current->use_pmap) {
-                               pmap_protect(current->object.sub_map->pmap, 
-                                            current->vme_start,
-                                            current->vme_end,
-                                            prot);
+                               pmap_protect(VME_SUBMAP(current)->pmap,
+                                   current->vme_start,
+                                   current->vme_end,
+                                   prot);
                        } else {
-                               pmap_protect(map->pmap,
-                                            current->vme_start,
-                                            current->vme_end,
-                                            prot);
+                               if (prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) {
+                                       if (VME_OBJECT(current) == compressor_object) {
+                                               /*
+                                                * For write requests on the
+                                                * compressor, we wil ask the
+                                                * pmap layer to prevent us from
+                                                * taking a write fault when we
+                                                * attempt to access the mapping
+                                                * next.
+                                                */
+                                               pmap_options |= PMAP_OPTIONS_PROTECT_IMMEDIATE;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               pmap_protect_options(map->pmap,
+                                   current->vme_start,
+                                   current->vme_end,
+                                   prot,
+                                   pmap_options,
+                                   NULL);
                        }
                }
                current = current->vme_next;
@@ -3591,13 +6120,13 @@ vm_map_protect(
 
        current = entry;
        while ((current != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-              (current->vme_start <= end)) {
+           (current->vme_start <= end)) {
                vm_map_simplify_entry(map, current);
                current = current->vme_next;
        }
 
        vm_map_unlock(map);
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3610,13 +6139,13 @@ vm_map_protect(
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_inherit(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end,
-       register vm_inherit_t   new_inheritance)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       vm_inherit_t    new_inheritance)
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       vm_map_entry_t  temp_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  temp_entry;
 
        vm_map_lock(map);
 
@@ -3624,8 +6153,7 @@ vm_map_inherit(
 
        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &temp_entry)) {
                entry = temp_entry;
-       }
-       else {
+       } else {
                temp_entry = temp_entry->vme_next;
                entry = temp_entry;
        }
@@ -3633,10 +6161,10 @@ vm_map_inherit(
        /* first check entire range for submaps which can't support the */
        /* given inheritance. */
        while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) && (entry->vme_start < end)) {
-               if(entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       if(new_inheritance == VM_INHERIT_COPY) {
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       if (new_inheritance == VM_INHERIT_COPY) {
                                vm_map_unlock(map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                        }
                }
 
@@ -3651,7 +6179,10 @@ vm_map_inherit(
 
        while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) && (entry->vme_start < end)) {
                vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
-               assert(!entry->use_pmap); /* clip did unnest if needed */
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       /* clip did unnest if needed */
+                       assert(!entry->use_pmap);
+               }
 
                entry->inheritance = new_inheritance;
 
@@ -3659,7 +6190,7 @@ vm_map_inherit(
        }
 
        vm_map_unlock(map);
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3669,13 +6200,14 @@ vm_map_inherit(
 
 static kern_return_t
 add_wire_counts(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry, 
-       boolean_t       user_wire)
-{ 
-       vm_map_size_t   size;
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
+       boolean_t       user_wire)
+{
+       vm_map_size_t   size;
 
        if (user_wire) {
+               unsigned int total_wire_count =  vm_page_wire_count + vm_lopage_free_count;
 
                /*
                 * We're wiring memory at the request of the user.  Check if this is the first time the user is wiring
@@ -3684,45 +6216,51 @@ add_wire_counts(
 
                if (entry->user_wired_count == 0) {
                        size = entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start;
+
                        /*
                         * Since this is the first time the user is wiring this map entry, check to see if we're
                         * exceeding the user wire limits.  There is a per map limit which is the smaller of either
-                        * the process's rlimit or the global vm_user_wire_limit which caps this value.  There is also
+                        * the process's rlimit or the global vm_per_task_user_wire_limit which caps this value.  There is also
                         * a system-wide limit on the amount of memory all users can wire.  If the user is over either
                         * limit, then we fail.
                         */
 
-                       if(size + map->user_wire_size > MIN(map->user_wire_limit, vm_user_wire_limit) ||
-                          size + ptoa_64(vm_page_wire_count) > vm_global_user_wire_limit ||
-                          size + ptoa_64(vm_page_wire_count) > max_mem - vm_global_no_user_wire_amount)
+                       if (size + map->user_wire_size > MIN(map->user_wire_limit, vm_per_task_user_wire_limit) ||
+                           size + ptoa_64(total_wire_count) > vm_global_user_wire_limit) {
+                               if (size + ptoa_64(total_wire_count) > vm_global_user_wire_limit) {
+                                       os_atomic_inc(&vm_add_wire_count_over_global_limit, relaxed);
+                               } else {
+                                       os_atomic_inc(&vm_add_wire_count_over_user_limit, relaxed);
+                               }
                                return KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
+                       }
 
                        /*
                         * The first time the user wires an entry, we also increment the wired_count and add this to
                         * the total that has been wired in the map.
                         */
 
-                       if (entry->wired_count >= MAX_WIRE_COUNT)
+                       if (entry->wired_count >= MAX_WIRE_COUNT) {
                                return KERN_FAILURE;
+                       }
 
                        entry->wired_count++;
                        map->user_wire_size += size;
                }
 
-               if (entry->user_wired_count >= MAX_WIRE_COUNT)
+               if (entry->user_wired_count >= MAX_WIRE_COUNT) {
                        return KERN_FAILURE;
+               }
 
                entry->user_wired_count++;
-
        } else {
-
                /*
                 * The kernel's wiring the memory.  Just bump the count and continue.
                 */
 
-               if (entry->wired_count >= MAX_WIRE_COUNT)
+               if (entry->wired_count >= MAX_WIRE_COUNT) {
                        panic("vm_map_wire: too many wirings");
+               }
 
                entry->wired_count++;
        }
@@ -3736,19 +6274,16 @@ add_wire_counts(
 
 static void
 subtract_wire_counts(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry, 
-       boolean_t       user_wire)
-{ 
-
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
+       boolean_t       user_wire)
+{
        if (user_wire) {
-
                /*
                 * We're unwiring memory at the request of the user.  See if we're removing the last user wire reference.
                 */
 
                if (entry->user_wired_count == 1) {
-
                        /*
                         * We're removing the last user wire reference.  Decrement the wired_count and the total
                         * user wired memory for this map.
@@ -3761,9 +6296,7 @@ subtract_wire_counts(
 
                assert(entry->user_wired_count >= 1);
                entry->user_wired_count--;
-
        } else {
-
                /*
                 * The kernel is unwiring the memory.   Just update the count.
                 */
@@ -3773,6 +6306,8 @@ subtract_wire_counts(
        }
 }
 
+int cs_executable_wire = 0;
+
 /*
  *     vm_map_wire:
  *
@@ -3788,34 +6323,66 @@ subtract_wire_counts(
  */
 static kern_return_t
 vm_map_wire_nested(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end,
-       register vm_prot_t      access_type,
-       boolean_t               user_wire,
-       pmap_t                  map_pmap, 
-       vm_map_offset_t         pmap_addr)
-{
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       struct vm_map_entry     *first_entry, tmp_entry;
-       vm_map_t                real_map;
-       register vm_map_offset_t        s,e;
-       kern_return_t           rc;
-       boolean_t               need_wakeup;
-       boolean_t               main_map = FALSE;
-       wait_interrupt_t        interruptible_state;
-       thread_t                cur_thread;
-       unsigned int            last_timestamp;
-       vm_map_size_t           size;
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       vm_prot_t               caller_prot,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       boolean_t               user_wire,
+       pmap_t                  map_pmap,
+       vm_map_offset_t         pmap_addr,
+       ppnum_t                 *physpage_p)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       vm_prot_t               access_type;
+       struct vm_map_entry     *first_entry, tmp_entry;
+       vm_map_t                real_map;
+       vm_map_offset_t         s, e;
+       kern_return_t           rc;
+       boolean_t               need_wakeup;
+       boolean_t               main_map = FALSE;
+       wait_interrupt_t        interruptible_state;
+       thread_t                cur_thread;
+       unsigned int            last_timestamp;
+       vm_map_size_t           size;
+       boolean_t               wire_and_extract;
+       vm_prot_t               extra_prots;
+
+       extra_prots = VM_PROT_COPY;
+       extra_prots |= VM_PROT_COPY_FAIL_IF_EXECUTABLE;
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+       if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap ||
+           !vm_map_cs_enforcement(map)) {
+               extra_prots &= ~VM_PROT_COPY_FAIL_IF_EXECUTABLE;
+       }
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+
+       access_type = (caller_prot & VM_PROT_ALL);
+
+       wire_and_extract = FALSE;
+       if (physpage_p != NULL) {
+               /*
+                * The caller wants the physical page number of the
+                * wired page.  We return only one physical page number
+                * so this works for only one page at a time.
+                */
+               if ((end - start) != PAGE_SIZE) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
+               wire_and_extract = TRUE;
+               *physpage_p = 0;
+       }
 
        vm_map_lock(map);
-       if(map_pmap == NULL)
+       if (map_pmap == NULL) {
                main_map = TRUE;
+       }
        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
 
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
-       assert(page_aligned(start));
-       assert(page_aligned(end));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(start, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(end, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+
        if (start == end) {
                /* We wired what the caller asked for, zero pages */
                vm_map_unlock(map);
@@ -3851,8 +6418,9 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
 
                /* "e" is how far we want to wire in this entry */
                e = entry->vme_end;
-               if (e > end)
+               if (e > end) {
                        e = end;
+               }
 
                /*
                 * If another thread is wiring/unwiring this entry then
@@ -3883,10 +6451,10 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                        /*
                         * User wiring is interruptible
                         */
-                       wait_result = vm_map_entry_wait(map, 
-                                                       (user_wire) ? THREAD_ABORTSAFE :
-                                                       THREAD_UNINT);
-                       if (user_wire && wait_result == THREAD_INTERRUPTED) {
+                       wait_result = vm_map_entry_wait(map,
+                           (user_wire) ? THREAD_ABORTSAFE :
+                           THREAD_UNINT);
+                       if (user_wire && wait_result == THREAD_INTERRUPTED) {
                                /*
                                 * undo the wirings we have done so far
                                 * We do not clear the needs_wakeup flag,
@@ -3907,9 +6475,6 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                         * Worse that can happen is, it may not exist anymore.
                         */
                        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, s, &first_entry)) {
-                               if (!user_wire)
-                                       panic("vm_map_wire: re-lookup failed");
-
                                /*
                                 * User: undo everything upto the previous
                                 * entry.  let vm_map_unwire worry about
@@ -3921,33 +6486,44 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                        entry = first_entry;
                        continue;
                }
-       
+
                if (entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
-                       vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
-                       vm_map_offset_t local_start;
-                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
-                       pmap_t          pmap;
+                       vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
+                       vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
+                       vm_map_offset_t local_start;
+                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
+                       pmap_t          pmap;
+
+                       if (wire_and_extract) {
+                               /*
+                                * Wiring would result in copy-on-write
+                                * which would not be compatible with
+                                * the sharing we have with the original
+                                * provider of this memory.
+                                */
+                               rc = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                               goto done;
+                       }
 
                        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, s);
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
 
-                       sub_start = entry->offset;
+                       sub_start = VME_OFFSET(entry);
                        sub_end = entry->vme_end;
-                       sub_end += entry->offset - entry->vme_start;
-               
+                       sub_end += VME_OFFSET(entry) - entry->vme_start;
+
                        local_end = entry->vme_end;
-                       if(map_pmap == NULL) {
-                               vm_object_t             object;
-                               vm_object_offset_t      offset;
-                               vm_prot_t               prot;
-                               boolean_t               wired;
-                               vm_map_entry_t          local_entry;
-                               vm_map_version_t         version;
-                               vm_map_t                lookup_map;
-
-                               if(entry->use_pmap) {
-                                       pmap = entry->object.sub_map->pmap;
+                       if (map_pmap == NULL) {
+                               vm_object_t             object;
+                               vm_object_offset_t      offset;
+                               vm_prot_t               prot;
+                               boolean_t               wired;
+                               vm_map_entry_t          local_entry;
+                               vm_map_version_t         version;
+                               vm_map_t                lookup_map;
+
+                               if (entry->use_pmap) {
+                                       pmap = VME_SUBMAP(entry)->pmap;
                                        /* ppc implementation requires that */
                                        /* submaps pmap address ranges line */
                                        /* up with parent map */
@@ -3961,8 +6537,9 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                                }
 
                                if (entry->wired_count) {
-                                       if ((rc = add_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire)) != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                                       if ((rc = add_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                                goto done;
+                                       }
 
                                        /*
                                         * The map was not unlocked:
@@ -3972,7 +6549,6 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                                        entry = entry->vme_next;
                                        s = entry->vme_start;
                                        continue;
-
                                }
 
                                /* call vm_map_lookup_locked to */
@@ -3981,30 +6557,32 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                                local_start = entry->vme_start;
                                lookup_map = map;
                                vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
-                               if(vm_map_lookup_locked(
-                                          &lookup_map, local_start, 
-                                          access_type,
-                                          OBJECT_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE,
-                                          &version, &object,
-                                          &offset, &prot, &wired,
-                                          NULL,
-                                          &real_map)) {
-
+                               rc = vm_map_lookup_locked(
+                                       &lookup_map, local_start,
+                                       (access_type | extra_prots),
+                                       OBJECT_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE,
+                                       &version, &object,
+                                       &offset, &prot, &wired,
+                                       NULL,
+                                       &real_map, NULL);
+                               if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                        vm_map_unlock_read(lookup_map);
+                                       assert(map_pmap == NULL);
                                        vm_map_unwire(map, start,
-                                                     s, user_wire);
-                                       return(KERN_FAILURE);
+                                           s, user_wire);
+                                       return rc;
                                }
-                               if(real_map != lookup_map)
+                               vm_object_unlock(object);
+                               if (real_map != lookup_map) {
                                        vm_map_unlock(real_map);
+                               }
                                vm_map_unlock_read(lookup_map);
                                vm_map_lock(map);
-                               vm_object_unlock(object);
 
                                /* we unlocked, so must re-lookup */
-                               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, 
-                                                        local_start,
-                                                        &local_entry)) {
+                               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map,
+                                   local_start,
+                                   &local_entry)) {
                                        rc = KERN_FAILURE;
                                        goto done;
                                }
@@ -4019,8 +6597,9 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                                vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
                                /* re-compute "e" */
                                e = entry->vme_end;
-                               if (e > end)
+                               if (e > end) {
                                        e = end;
+                               }
 
                                /* did we have a change of type? */
                                if (!entry->is_sub_map) {
@@ -4032,16 +6611,18 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                                pmap = map_pmap;
                        }
 
-                       if ((rc = add_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire)) != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                       if ((rc = add_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                goto done;
+                       }
 
                        entry->in_transition = TRUE;
 
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       rc = vm_map_wire_nested(entry->object.sub_map, 
-                                               sub_start, sub_end,
-                                               access_type, 
-                                               user_wire, pmap, pmap_addr);
+                       rc = vm_map_wire_nested(VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                           sub_start, sub_end,
+                           caller_prot, tag,
+                           user_wire, pmap, pmap_addr,
+                           NULL);
                        vm_map_lock(map);
 
                        /*
@@ -4049,19 +6630,21 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                         * after we unlocked the map.
                         */
                        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, local_start,
-                                                &first_entry))
+                           &first_entry)) {
                                panic("vm_map_wire: re-lookup failed");
+                       }
                        entry = first_entry;
 
                        assert(local_start == s);
                        /* re-compute "e" */
                        e = entry->vme_end;
-                       if (e > end)
+                       if (e > end) {
                                e = end;
+                       }
 
                        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
                        while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-                              (entry->vme_start < e)) {
+                           (entry->vme_start < e)) {
                                assert(entry->in_transition);
                                entry->in_transition = FALSE;
                                if (entry->needs_wakeup) {
@@ -4073,7 +6656,7 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                                }
                                entry = entry->vme_next;
                        }
-                       if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS) {       /* from vm_*_wire */
+                       if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS) {       /* from vm_*_wire */
                                goto done;
                        }
 
@@ -4087,6 +6670,23 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                 * the appropriate wire reference count.
                 */
                if (entry->wired_count) {
+                       if ((entry->protection & access_type) != access_type) {
+                               /* found a protection problem */
+
+                               /*
+                                * XXX FBDP
+                                * We should always return an error
+                                * in this case but since we didn't
+                                * enforce it before, let's do
+                                * it only for the new "wire_and_extract"
+                                * code path for now...
+                                */
+                               if (wire_and_extract) {
+                                       rc = KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+                                       goto done;
+                               }
+                       }
+
                        /*
                         * entry is already wired down, get our reference
                         * after clipping to our range.
@@ -4094,8 +6694,59 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, s);
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
 
-                       if ((rc = add_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire)) != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                       if ((rc = add_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                goto done;
+                       }
+
+                       if (wire_and_extract) {
+                               vm_object_t             object;
+                               vm_object_offset_t      offset;
+                               vm_page_t               m;
+
+                               /*
+                                * We don't have to "wire" the page again
+                                * bit we still have to "extract" its
+                                * physical page number, after some sanity
+                                * checks.
+                                */
+                               assert((entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start)
+                                   == PAGE_SIZE);
+                               assert(!entry->needs_copy);
+                               assert(!entry->is_sub_map);
+                               assert(VME_OBJECT(entry));
+                               if (((entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start)
+                                   != PAGE_SIZE) ||
+                                   entry->needs_copy ||
+                                   entry->is_sub_map ||
+                                   VME_OBJECT(entry) == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                                       rc = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                                       goto done;
+                               }
+
+                               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+                               offset = VME_OFFSET(entry);
+                               /* need exclusive lock to update m->dirty */
+                               if (entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) {
+                                       vm_object_lock(object);
+                               } else {
+                                       vm_object_lock_shared(object);
+                               }
+                               m = vm_page_lookup(object, offset);
+                               assert(m != VM_PAGE_NULL);
+                               assert(VM_PAGE_WIRED(m));
+                               if (m != VM_PAGE_NULL && VM_PAGE_WIRED(m)) {
+                                       *physpage_p = VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m);
+                                       if (entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) {
+                                               vm_object_lock_assert_exclusive(
+                                                       object);
+                                               m->vmp_dirty = TRUE;
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       /* not already wired !? */
+                                       *physpage_p = 0;
+                               }
+                               vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       }
 
                        /* map was not unlocked: no need to relookup */
                        entry = entry->vme_next;
@@ -4107,6 +6758,42 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                 * Unwired entry or wire request transmitted via submap
                 */
 
+               /*
+                * Wiring would copy the pages to the shadow object.
+                * The shadow object would not be code-signed so
+                * attempting to execute code from these copied pages
+                * would trigger a code-signing violation.
+                */
+
+               if ((entry->protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE)
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+                   &&
+                   map->pmap != kernel_pmap &&
+                   (vm_map_cs_enforcement(map)
+#if __arm64__
+                   || !VM_MAP_IS_EXOTIC(map)
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+                   )
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+                   ) {
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+                       printf("pid %d[%s] wiring executable range from "
+                           "0x%llx to 0x%llx: rejected to preserve "
+                           "code-signing\n",
+                           proc_selfpid(),
+                           (current_task()->bsd_info
+                           ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                           : "?"),
+                           (uint64_t) entry->vme_start,
+                           (uint64_t) entry->vme_end);
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
+                       DTRACE_VM2(cs_executable_wire,
+                           uint64_t, (uint64_t)entry->vme_start,
+                           uint64_t, (uint64_t)entry->vme_end);
+                       cs_executable_wire++;
+                       rc = KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+                       goto done;
+               }
 
                /*
                 * Perform actions of vm_map_lookup that need the write
@@ -4121,12 +6808,29 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                 * This is aggressive, but once it's wired we can't move it.
                 */
                if (entry->needs_copy) {
-                       vm_object_shadow(&entry->object.vm_object,
-                                        &entry->offset, size);
+                       if (wire_and_extract) {
+                               /*
+                                * We're supposed to share with the original
+                                * provider so should not be "needs_copy"
+                                */
+                               rc = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                               goto done;
+                       }
+
+                       VME_OBJECT_SHADOW(entry, size);
                        entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
-               } else if (entry->object.vm_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                       entry->object.vm_object = vm_object_allocate(size);
-                       entry->offset = (vm_object_offset_t)0;
+               } else if (VME_OBJECT(entry) == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       if (wire_and_extract) {
+                               /*
+                                * We're supposed to share with the original
+                                * provider so should already have an object.
+                                */
+                               rc = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                               goto done;
+                       }
+                       VME_OBJECT_SET(entry, vm_object_allocate(size));
+                       VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, (vm_object_offset_t)0);
+                       assert(entry->use_pmap);
                }
 
                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, s);
@@ -4134,8 +6838,9 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
 
                /* re-compute "e" */
                e = entry->vme_end;
-               if (e > end)
+               if (e > end) {
                        e = end;
+               }
 
                /*
                 * Check for holes and protection mismatch.
@@ -4146,7 +6851,7 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                 */
                if ((entry->vme_end < end) &&
                    ((entry->vme_next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) ||
-                    (entry->vme_next->vme_start > entry->vme_end))) {
+                   (entry->vme_next->vme_start > entry->vme_end))) {
                        /* found a hole */
                        rc = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        goto done;
@@ -4159,8 +6864,9 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
 
                assert(entry->wired_count == 0 && entry->user_wired_count == 0);
 
-               if ((rc = add_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire)) != KERN_SUCCESS)
+               if ((rc = add_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        goto done;
+               }
 
                entry->in_transition = TRUE;
 
@@ -4182,32 +6888,38 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                 */
                vm_map_unlock(map);
 
-               if (!user_wire && cur_thread != THREAD_NULL)
+               if (!user_wire && cur_thread != THREAD_NULL) {
                        interruptible_state = thread_interrupt_level(THREAD_UNINT);
-               else
+               } else {
                        interruptible_state = THREAD_UNINT;
+               }
 
-               if(map_pmap)
-                       rc = vm_fault_wire(map, 
-                                          &tmp_entry, map_pmap, pmap_addr);
-               else
-                       rc = vm_fault_wire(map, 
-                                          &tmp_entry, map->pmap, 
-                                          tmp_entry.vme_start);
+               if (map_pmap) {
+                       rc = vm_fault_wire(map,
+                           &tmp_entry, caller_prot, tag, map_pmap, pmap_addr,
+                           physpage_p);
+               } else {
+                       rc = vm_fault_wire(map,
+                           &tmp_entry, caller_prot, tag, map->pmap,
+                           tmp_entry.vme_start,
+                           physpage_p);
+               }
 
-               if (!user_wire && cur_thread != THREAD_NULL)
+               if (!user_wire && cur_thread != THREAD_NULL) {
                        thread_interrupt_level(interruptible_state);
+               }
 
                vm_map_lock(map);
 
-               if (last_timestamp+1 != map->timestamp) {
+               if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                        /*
                         * Find the entry again.  It could have been clipped
                         * after we unlocked the map.
                         */
                        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, tmp_entry.vme_start,
-                                                &first_entry))
+                           &first_entry)) {
                                panic("vm_map_wire: re-lookup failed");
+                       }
 
                        entry = first_entry;
                }
@@ -4215,20 +6927,29 @@ vm_map_wire_nested(
                last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
 
                while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-                      (entry->vme_start < tmp_entry.vme_end)) {
+                   (entry->vme_start < tmp_entry.vme_end)) {
                        assert(entry->in_transition);
                        entry->in_transition = FALSE;
                        if (entry->needs_wakeup) {
                                entry->needs_wakeup = FALSE;
                                need_wakeup = TRUE;
                        }
-                       if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS) {       /* from vm_*_wire */
+                       if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS) {       /* from vm_*_wire */
                                subtract_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire);
                        }
                        entry = entry->vme_next;
                }
 
-               if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS) {               /* from vm_*_wire */
+               if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS) {               /* from vm_*_wire */
+                       goto done;
+               }
+
+               if ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) && /* we still have entries in the map */
+                   (tmp_entry.vme_end != end) &&    /* AND, we are not at the end of the requested range */
+                   (entry->vme_start != tmp_entry.vme_end)) { /* AND, the next entry is not contiguous. */
+                       /* found a "new" hole */
+                       s = tmp_entry.vme_end;
+                       rc = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        goto done;
                }
 
@@ -4246,48 +6967,103 @@ done:
        /*
         * wake up anybody waiting on entries we wired.
         */
-       if (need_wakeup)
+       if (need_wakeup) {
                vm_map_entry_wakeup(map);
+       }
 
        if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                /* undo what has been wired so far */
-               vm_map_unwire(map, start, s, user_wire);
+               vm_map_unwire_nested(map, start, s, user_wire,
+                   map_pmap, pmap_addr);
+               if (physpage_p) {
+                       *physpage_p = 0;
+               }
        }
 
        return rc;
+}
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_wire_external(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       vm_prot_t               caller_prot,
+       boolean_t               user_wire)
+{
+       kern_return_t   kret;
 
+       kret = vm_map_wire_nested(map, start, end, caller_prot, vm_tag_bt(),
+           user_wire, (pmap_t)NULL, 0, NULL);
+       return kret;
 }
 
 kern_return_t
-vm_map_wire(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end,
-       register vm_prot_t      access_type,
-       boolean_t               user_wire)
-{
-
-       kern_return_t   kret;
-
-#ifdef ppc
-        /*
-        * the calls to mapping_prealloc and mapping_relpre
-        * (along with the VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK to insure a
-        * resonable range was passed in) are
-        * currently necessary because
-        * we haven't enabled kernel pre-emption
-        * and/or the pmap_enter cannot purge and re-use
-        * existing mappings
-        */
-       VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
-       assert((unsigned int) (end - start) == (end - start));
-       mapping_prealloc((unsigned int) (end - start));
-#endif
-       kret = vm_map_wire_nested(map, start, end, access_type, 
-                                 user_wire, (pmap_t)NULL, 0);
-#ifdef ppc
-       mapping_relpre();
-#endif
+vm_map_wire_kernel(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       vm_prot_t               caller_prot,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       boolean_t               user_wire)
+{
+       kern_return_t   kret;
+
+       kret = vm_map_wire_nested(map, start, end, caller_prot, tag,
+           user_wire, (pmap_t)NULL, 0, NULL);
+       return kret;
+}
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_wire_and_extract_external(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_prot_t       caller_prot,
+       boolean_t       user_wire,
+       ppnum_t         *physpage_p)
+{
+       kern_return_t   kret;
+
+       kret = vm_map_wire_nested(map,
+           start,
+           start + VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map),
+           caller_prot,
+           vm_tag_bt(),
+           user_wire,
+           (pmap_t)NULL,
+           0,
+           physpage_p);
+       if (kret != KERN_SUCCESS &&
+           physpage_p != NULL) {
+               *physpage_p = 0;
+       }
+       return kret;
+}
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_wire_and_extract_kernel(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_prot_t       caller_prot,
+       vm_tag_t        tag,
+       boolean_t       user_wire,
+       ppnum_t         *physpage_p)
+{
+       kern_return_t   kret;
+
+       kret = vm_map_wire_nested(map,
+           start,
+           start + VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map),
+           caller_prot,
+           tag,
+           user_wire,
+           (pmap_t)NULL,
+           0,
+           physpage_p);
+       if (kret != KERN_SUCCESS &&
+           physpage_p != NULL) {
+               *physpage_p = 0;
+       }
        return kret;
 }
 
@@ -4306,27 +7082,28 @@ vm_map_wire(
  */
 static kern_return_t
 vm_map_unwire_nested(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end,
-       boolean_t               user_wire,
-       pmap_t                  map_pmap,
-       vm_map_offset_t         pmap_addr)
-{
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       struct vm_map_entry     *first_entry, tmp_entry;
-       boolean_t               need_wakeup;
-       boolean_t               main_map = FALSE;
-       unsigned int            last_timestamp;
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       boolean_t               user_wire,
+       pmap_t                  map_pmap,
+       vm_map_offset_t         pmap_addr)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       struct vm_map_entry     *first_entry, tmp_entry;
+       boolean_t               need_wakeup;
+       boolean_t               main_map = FALSE;
+       unsigned int            last_timestamp;
 
        vm_map_lock(map);
-       if(map_pmap == NULL)
+       if (map_pmap == NULL) {
                main_map = TRUE;
+       }
        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
 
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
-       assert(page_aligned(start));
-       assert(page_aligned(end));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(start, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(end, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
 
        if (start == end) {
                /* We unwired what the caller asked for: zero pages */
@@ -4340,14 +7117,13 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                 * vm_map_clip_start will be done later.
                 * We don't want to unnest any nested sub maps here !
                 */
-       }
-       else {
+       } else {
                if (!user_wire) {
                        panic("vm_map_unwire: start not found");
                }
                /*      Start address is not in map. */
                vm_map_unlock(map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
 
        if (entry->superpage_size) {
@@ -4380,7 +7156,7 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                                 * going on.
                                 * We should probably just wait and retry,
                                 * but then we have to be careful that this
-                                * entry could get "simplified" after 
+                                * entry could get "simplified" after
                                 * "in_transition" gets unset and before
                                 * we re-lookup the entry, so we would
                                 * have to re-clip the entry to avoid
@@ -4402,21 +7178,21 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                }
 
                if (entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
-                       vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
-                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
-                       pmap_t          pmap;
-               
+                       vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
+                       vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
+                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
+                       pmap_t          pmap;
+
                        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
 
-                       sub_start = entry->offset;
+                       sub_start = VME_OFFSET(entry);
                        sub_end = entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start;
-                       sub_end += entry->offset;
+                       sub_end += VME_OFFSET(entry);
                        local_end = entry->vme_end;
-                       if(map_pmap == NULL) {
-                               if(entry->use_pmap) {
-                                       pmap = entry->object.sub_map->pmap;
+                       if (map_pmap == NULL) {
+                               if (entry->use_pmap) {
+                                       pmap = VME_SUBMAP(entry)->pmap;
                                        pmap_addr = sub_start;
                                } else {
                                        pmap = map->pmap;
@@ -4424,8 +7200,9 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                                }
                                if (entry->wired_count == 0 ||
                                    (user_wire && entry->user_wired_count == 0)) {
-                                       if (!user_wire)
+                                       if (!user_wire) {
                                                panic("vm_map_unwire: entry is unwired");
+                                       }
                                        entry = entry->vme_next;
                                        continue;
                                }
@@ -4435,16 +7212,17 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                                 * Holes: Next entry should be contiguous unless
                                 * this is the end of the region.
                                 */
-                               if (((entry->vme_end < end) && 
-                                    ((entry->vme_next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) ||
-                                     (entry->vme_next->vme_start 
-                                      > entry->vme_end)))) {
-                                       if (!user_wire)
+                               if (((entry->vme_end < end) &&
+                                   ((entry->vme_next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) ||
+                                   (entry->vme_next->vme_start
+                                   > entry->vme_end)))) {
+                                       if (!user_wire) {
                                                panic("vm_map_unwire: non-contiguous region");
+                                       }
 /*
-                                       entry = entry->vme_next;
-                                       continue;
-*/
                                      entry = entry->vme_next;
                                      continue;
+ */
                                }
 
                                subtract_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire);
@@ -4462,33 +7240,35 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                                 * guarantees existance of the entry.
                                 */
                                vm_map_unlock(map);
-                               vm_map_unwire_nested(entry->object.sub_map, 
-                                                    sub_start, sub_end, user_wire, pmap, pmap_addr);
+                               vm_map_unwire_nested(VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                                   sub_start, sub_end, user_wire, pmap, pmap_addr);
                                vm_map_lock(map);
 
-                               if (last_timestamp+1 != map->timestamp) {
+                               if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                                        /*
-                                        * Find the entry again.  It could have been 
+                                        * Find the entry again.  It could have been
                                         * clipped or deleted after we unlocked the map.
                                         */
-                                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, 
-                                                                tmp_entry.vme_start,
-                                                                &first_entry)) {
-                                               if (!user_wire)
+                                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map,
+                                           tmp_entry.vme_start,
+                                           &first_entry)) {
+                                               if (!user_wire) {
                                                        panic("vm_map_unwire: re-lookup failed");
+                                               }
                                                entry = first_entry->vme_next;
-                                       } else
+                                       } else {
                                                entry = first_entry;
+                                       }
                                }
                                last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
 
                                /*
                                 * clear transition bit for all constituent entries
-                                * that were in the original entry (saved in 
+                                * that were in the original entry (saved in
                                 * tmp_entry).  Also check for waiters.
                                 */
                                while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-                                      (entry->vme_start < tmp_entry.vme_end)) {
+                                   (entry->vme_start < tmp_entry.vme_end)) {
                                        assert(entry->in_transition);
                                        entry->in_transition = FALSE;
                                        if (entry->needs_wakeup) {
@@ -4500,24 +7280,26 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                                continue;
                        } else {
                                vm_map_unlock(map);
-                               vm_map_unwire_nested(entry->object.sub_map,
-                                                    sub_start, sub_end, user_wire, map_pmap,
-                                                    pmap_addr);
+                               vm_map_unwire_nested(VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                                   sub_start, sub_end, user_wire, map_pmap,
+                                   pmap_addr);
                                vm_map_lock(map);
 
-                               if (last_timestamp+1 != map->timestamp) {
+                               if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                                        /*
-                                        * Find the entry again.  It could have been 
+                                        * Find the entry again.  It could have been
                                         * clipped or deleted after we unlocked the map.
                                         */
-                                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, 
-                                                                tmp_entry.vme_start,
-                                                                &first_entry)) {
-                                               if (!user_wire)
+                                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map,
+                                           tmp_entry.vme_start,
+                                           &first_entry)) {
+                                               if (!user_wire) {
                                                        panic("vm_map_unwire: re-lookup failed");
+                                               }
                                                entry = first_entry->vme_next;
-                                       } else
+                                       } else {
                                                entry = first_entry;
+                                       }
                                }
                                last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
                        }
@@ -4526,15 +7308,16 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
 
                if ((entry->wired_count == 0) ||
                    (user_wire && entry->user_wired_count == 0)) {
-                       if (!user_wire)
+                       if (!user_wire) {
                                panic("vm_map_unwire: entry is unwired");
+                       }
 
                        entry = entry->vme_next;
                        continue;
                }
-       
+
                assert(entry->wired_count > 0 &&
-                      (!user_wire || entry->user_wired_count > 0));
+                   (!user_wire || entry->user_wired_count > 0));
 
                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
                vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
@@ -4544,12 +7327,12 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                 * Holes: Next entry should be contiguous unless
                 *        this is the end of the region.
                 */
-               if (((entry->vme_end < end) && 
-                    ((entry->vme_next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) ||
-                     (entry->vme_next->vme_start > entry->vme_end)))) {
-
-                       if (!user_wire)
+               if (((entry->vme_end < end) &&
+                   ((entry->vme_next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) ||
+                   (entry->vme_next->vme_start > entry->vme_end)))) {
+                       if (!user_wire) {
                                panic("vm_map_unwire: non-contiguous region");
+                       }
                        entry = entry->vme_next;
                        continue;
                }
@@ -4561,40 +7344,42 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if(entry->zero_wired_pages) {
+               if (entry->zero_wired_pages) {
                        entry->zero_wired_pages = FALSE;
                }
 
                entry->in_transition = TRUE;
-               tmp_entry = *entry;     /* see comment in vm_map_wire() */
+               tmp_entry = *entry;     /* see comment in vm_map_wire() */
 
                /*
                 * We can unlock the map now. The in_transition state
                 * guarantees existance of the entry.
                 */
                vm_map_unlock(map);
-               if(map_pmap) {
-                       vm_fault_unwire(map, 
-                                       &tmp_entry, FALSE, map_pmap, pmap_addr);
+               if (map_pmap) {
+                       vm_fault_unwire(map,
+                           &tmp_entry, FALSE, map_pmap, pmap_addr);
                } else {
-                       vm_fault_unwire(map, 
-                                       &tmp_entry, FALSE, map->pmap, 
-                                       tmp_entry.vme_start);
+                       vm_fault_unwire(map,
+                           &tmp_entry, FALSE, map->pmap,
+                           tmp_entry.vme_start);
                }
                vm_map_lock(map);
 
-               if (last_timestamp+1 != map->timestamp) {
+               if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                        /*
                         * Find the entry again.  It could have been clipped
                         * or deleted after we unlocked the map.
                         */
                        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, tmp_entry.vme_start,
-                                                &first_entry)) {
-                               if (!user_wire)
+                           &first_entry)) {
+                               if (!user_wire) {
                                        panic("vm_map_unwire: re-lookup failed");
+                               }
                                entry = first_entry->vme_next;
-                       } else
+                       } else {
                                entry = first_entry;
+                       }
                }
                last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
 
@@ -4604,7 +7389,7 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
                 * check for waiters.
                 */
                while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-                      (entry->vme_start < tmp_entry.vme_end)) {
+                   (entry->vme_start < tmp_entry.vme_end)) {
                        assert(entry->in_transition);
                        entry->in_transition = FALSE;
                        if (entry->needs_wakeup) {
@@ -4629,21 +7414,21 @@ vm_map_unwire_nested(
        /*
         * wake up anybody waiting on entries that we have unwired.
         */
-       if (need_wakeup)
+       if (need_wakeup) {
                vm_map_entry_wakeup(map);
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
-
+       }
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_unwire(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end,
-       boolean_t               user_wire)
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       boolean_t               user_wire)
 {
-       return vm_map_unwire_nested(map, start, end, 
-                                   user_wire, (pmap_t)NULL, 0);
+       return vm_map_unwire_nested(map, start, end,
+                  user_wire, (pmap_t)NULL, 0);
 }
 
 
@@ -4651,33 +7436,41 @@ vm_map_unwire(
  *     vm_map_entry_delete:    [ internal use only ]
  *
  *     Deallocate the given entry from the target map.
- */            
+ */
 static void
 vm_map_entry_delete(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry)
 {
-       register vm_map_offset_t        s, e;
-       register vm_object_t    object;
-       register vm_map_t       submap;
+       vm_map_offset_t s, e;
+       vm_object_t     object;
+       vm_map_t        submap;
 
        s = entry->vme_start;
        e = entry->vme_end;
-       assert(page_aligned(s));
-       assert(page_aligned(e));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(s, FOURK_PAGE_MASK));
+       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(e, FOURK_PAGE_MASK));
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map) >= PAGE_MASK) {
+               assert(page_aligned(s));
+               assert(page_aligned(e));
+       }
+       if (entry->map_aligned == TRUE) {
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(s, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(e, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+       }
        assert(entry->wired_count == 0);
        assert(entry->user_wired_count == 0);
        assert(!entry->permanent);
 
        if (entry->is_sub_map) {
                object = NULL;
-               submap = entry->object.sub_map;
+               submap = VME_SUBMAP(entry);
        } else {
                submap = NULL;
-               object = entry->object.vm_object;
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
        }
 
-       vm_map_entry_unlink(map, entry);
+       vm_map_store_entry_unlink(map, entry);
        map->size -= e - s;
 
        vm_map_entry_dispose(map, entry);
@@ -4687,98 +7480,105 @@ vm_map_entry_delete(
         *      Deallocate the object only after removing all
         *      pmap entries pointing to its pages.
         */
-       if (submap)
+       if (submap) {
                vm_map_deallocate(submap);
-       else
+       } else {
                vm_object_deallocate(object);
-
+       }
 }
 
 void
 vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end,
-       vm_map_t        sub_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t offset)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       vm_map_t        sub_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t offset)
 {
-       vm_map_offset_t submap_start;
-       vm_map_offset_t submap_end;
-       vm_map_size_t   remove_size;
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t submap_start;
+       vm_map_offset_t submap_end;
+       vm_map_size_t   remove_size;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
 
        submap_end = offset + (end - start);
        submap_start = offset;
 
        vm_map_lock_read(sub_map);
-       if(vm_map_lookup_entry(sub_map, offset, &entry)) {
-               
+       if (vm_map_lookup_entry(sub_map, offset, &entry)) {
                remove_size = (entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
-               if(offset > entry->vme_start)
+               if (offset > entry->vme_start) {
                        remove_size -= offset - entry->vme_start;
-               
+               }
 
-               if(submap_end < entry->vme_end) {
+
+               if (submap_end < entry->vme_end) {
                        remove_size -=
-                               entry->vme_end - submap_end;
+                           entry->vme_end - submap_end;
                }
-               if(entry->is_sub_map) {
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
                        vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
                                sub_map,
                                start,
                                start + remove_size,
-                               entry->object.sub_map,
-                               entry->offset);
+                               VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                               VME_OFFSET(entry));
                } else {
-
-                       if((map->mapped) && (map->ref_count)
-                          && (entry->object.vm_object != NULL)) {
-                               vm_object_pmap_protect(
-                                       entry->object.vm_object,
-                                       entry->offset,
+                       if (map->mapped_in_other_pmaps &&
+                           os_ref_get_count(&map->map_refcnt) != 0 &&
+                           VME_OBJECT(entry) != NULL) {
+                               vm_object_pmap_protect_options(
+                                       VME_OBJECT(entry),
+                                       (VME_OFFSET(entry) +
+                                       offset -
+                                       entry->vme_start),
                                        remove_size,
                                        PMAP_NULL,
+                                       PAGE_SIZE,
                                        entry->vme_start,
-                                       VM_PROT_NONE);
+                                       VM_PROT_NONE,
+                                       PMAP_OPTIONS_REMOVE);
                        } else {
-                               pmap_remove(map->pmap, 
-                                           (addr64_t)start, 
-                                           (addr64_t)(start + remove_size));
+                               pmap_remove(map->pmap,
+                                   (addr64_t)start,
+                                   (addr64_t)(start + remove_size));
                        }
                }
        }
 
        entry = entry->vme_next;
 
-       while((entry != vm_map_to_entry(sub_map)) 
-             && (entry->vme_start < submap_end)) {
-               remove_size = (entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start); 
-               if(submap_end < entry->vme_end) {
+       while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(sub_map))
+           && (entry->vme_start < submap_end)) {
+               remove_size = (entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
+               if (submap_end < entry->vme_end) {
                        remove_size -= entry->vme_end - submap_end;
                }
-               if(entry->is_sub_map) {
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
                        vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
                                sub_map,
                                (start + entry->vme_start) - offset,
                                ((start + entry->vme_start) - offset) + remove_size,
-                               entry->object.sub_map,
-                               entry->offset);
+                               VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                               VME_OFFSET(entry));
                } else {
-                       if((map->mapped) && (map->ref_count)
-                          && (entry->object.vm_object != NULL)) {
-                               vm_object_pmap_protect(
-                                       entry->object.vm_object,
-                                       entry->offset,
+                       if (map->mapped_in_other_pmaps &&
+                           os_ref_get_count(&map->map_refcnt) != 0 &&
+                           VME_OBJECT(entry) != NULL) {
+                               vm_object_pmap_protect_options(
+                                       VME_OBJECT(entry),
+                                       VME_OFFSET(entry),
                                        remove_size,
                                        PMAP_NULL,
+                                       PAGE_SIZE,
                                        entry->vme_start,
-                                       VM_PROT_NONE);
+                                       VM_PROT_NONE,
+                                       PMAP_OPTIONS_REMOVE);
                        } else {
-                               pmap_remove(map->pmap, 
-                                           (addr64_t)((start + entry->vme_start) 
-                                                      - offset),
-                                           (addr64_t)(((start + entry->vme_start) 
-                                                       - offset) + remove_size));
+                               pmap_remove(map->pmap,
+                                   (addr64_t)((start + entry->vme_start)
+                                   - offset),
+                                   (addr64_t)(((start + entry->vme_start)
+                                   - offset) + remove_size));
                        }
                }
                entry = entry->vme_next;
@@ -4787,6 +7587,95 @@ vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
        return;
 }
 
+/*
+ *     virt_memory_guard_ast:
+ *
+ *     Handle the AST callout for a virtual memory guard.
+ *        raise an EXC_GUARD exception and terminate the task
+ *     if configured to do so.
+ */
+void
+virt_memory_guard_ast(
+       thread_t thread,
+       mach_exception_data_type_t code,
+       mach_exception_data_type_t subcode)
+{
+       task_t task = thread->task;
+       assert(task != kernel_task);
+       assert(task == current_task());
+       uint32_t behavior;
+
+       behavior = task->task_exc_guard;
+
+       /* Is delivery enabled */
+       if ((behavior & TASK_EXC_GUARD_VM_DELIVER) == 0) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* If only once, make sure we're that once */
+       while (behavior & TASK_EXC_GUARD_VM_ONCE) {
+               uint32_t new_behavior = behavior & ~TASK_EXC_GUARD_VM_DELIVER;
+
+               if (OSCompareAndSwap(behavior, new_behavior, &task->task_exc_guard)) {
+                       break;
+               }
+               behavior = task->task_exc_guard;
+               if ((behavior & TASK_EXC_GUARD_VM_DELIVER) == 0) {
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Raise exception via corpse fork or synchronously */
+       if ((task->task_exc_guard & TASK_EXC_GUARD_VM_CORPSE) &&
+           (task->task_exc_guard & TASK_EXC_GUARD_VM_FATAL) == 0) {
+               task_violated_guard(code, subcode, NULL);
+       } else {
+               task_exception_notify(EXC_GUARD, code, subcode);
+       }
+
+       /* Terminate the task if desired */
+       if (task->task_exc_guard & TASK_EXC_GUARD_VM_FATAL) {
+               task_bsdtask_kill(current_task());
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ *     vm_map_guard_exception:
+ *
+ *     Generate a GUARD_TYPE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY EXC_GUARD exception.
+ *
+ *     Right now, we do this when we find nothing mapped, or a
+ *     gap in the mapping when a user address space deallocate
+ *     was requested. We report the address of the first gap found.
+ */
+static void
+vm_map_guard_exception(
+       vm_map_offset_t gap_start,
+       unsigned reason)
+{
+       mach_exception_code_t code = 0;
+       unsigned int guard_type = GUARD_TYPE_VIRT_MEMORY;
+       unsigned int target = 0; /* should we pass in pid associated with map? */
+       mach_exception_data_type_t subcode = (uint64_t)gap_start;
+       boolean_t fatal = FALSE;
+
+       task_t task = current_task();
+
+       /* Can't deliver exceptions to kernel task */
+       if (task == kernel_task) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       EXC_GUARD_ENCODE_TYPE(code, guard_type);
+       EXC_GUARD_ENCODE_FLAVOR(code, reason);
+       EXC_GUARD_ENCODE_TARGET(code, target);
+
+       if (task->task_exc_guard & TASK_EXC_GUARD_VM_FATAL) {
+               fatal = TRUE;
+       }
+       thread_guard_violation(current_thread(), code, subcode, fatal);
+}
+
 /*
  *     vm_map_delete:  [ internal use only ]
  *
@@ -4800,22 +7689,33 @@ vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
  */
 static kern_return_t
 vm_map_delete(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         start,
-       vm_map_offset_t         end,
-       int                     flags,
-       vm_map_t                zap_map)
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_t                zap_map)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry, next;
-       struct   vm_map_entry   *first_entry, tmp_entry;
-       register vm_map_offset_t s;
-       register vm_object_t    object;
-       boolean_t               need_wakeup;
-       unsigned int            last_timestamp = ~0; /* unlikely value */
-       int                     interruptible;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry, next;
+       struct   vm_map_entry   *first_entry, tmp_entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t         s;
+       vm_object_t             object;
+       boolean_t               need_wakeup;
+       unsigned int            last_timestamp = ~0; /* unlikely value */
+       int                     interruptible;
+       vm_map_offset_t         gap_start;
+       __unused vm_map_offset_t save_start = start;
+       __unused vm_map_offset_t save_end = end;
+       const vm_map_offset_t   FIND_GAP = 1;   /* a not page aligned value */
+       const vm_map_offset_t   GAPS_OK = 2;    /* a different not page aligned value */
+
+       if (map != kernel_map && !(flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_GAPS_OK) && !map->terminated) {
+               gap_start = FIND_GAP;
+       } else {
+               gap_start = GAPS_OK;
+       }
 
-       interruptible = (flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_INTERRUPTIBLE) ? 
-               THREAD_ABORTSAFE : THREAD_UNINT;
+       interruptible = (flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_INTERRUPTIBLE) ?
+           THREAD_ABORTSAFE : THREAD_UNINT;
 
        /*
         * All our DMA I/O operations in IOKit are currently done by
@@ -4830,22 +7730,60 @@ vm_map_delete(
         */
        flags |= VM_MAP_REMOVE_WAIT_FOR_KWIRE;
 
-       while(1) {
+       while (1) {
                /*
                 *      Find the start of the region, and clip it
                 */
                if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &first_entry)) {
                        entry = first_entry;
-                       if (entry->superpage_size && (start & ~SUPERPAGE_MASK)) { /* extend request to whole entry */                           start = SUPERPAGE_ROUND_DOWN(start);
-                               start = SUPERPAGE_ROUND_DOWN(start);
-                               continue;
+                       if (map == kalloc_map &&
+                           (entry->vme_start != start ||
+                           entry->vme_end != end)) {
+                               panic("vm_map_delete(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx): "
+                                   "mismatched entry %p [0x%llx:0x%llx]\n",
+                                   map,
+                                   (uint64_t)start,
+                                   (uint64_t)end,
+                                   entry,
+                                   (uint64_t)entry->vme_start,
+                                   (uint64_t)entry->vme_end);
                        }
-                       if (start == entry->vme_start) {
+
+                       /*
+                        * If in a superpage, extend the range to include the start of the mapping.
+                        */
+                       if (entry->superpage_size && (start & ~SUPERPAGE_MASK)) {
+                               start = SUPERPAGE_ROUND_DOWN(start);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       if (start == entry->vme_start) {
                                /*
                                 * No need to clip.  We don't want to cause
                                 * any unnecessary unnesting in this case...
                                 */
                        } else {
+                               if ((flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_MAP_ALIGN) &&
+                                   entry->map_aligned &&
+                                   !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(
+                                           start,
+                                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map))) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * The entry will no longer be
+                                        * map-aligned after clipping
+                                        * and the caller said it's OK.
+                                        */
+                                       entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+                               }
+                               if (map == kalloc_map) {
+                                       panic("vm_map_delete(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx):"
+                                           " clipping %p at 0x%llx\n",
+                                           map,
+                                           (uint64_t)start,
+                                           (uint64_t)end,
+                                           entry,
+                                           (uint64_t)start);
+                               }
                                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
                        }
 
@@ -4855,12 +7793,25 @@ vm_map_delete(
                         */
                        SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(map, entry->vme_prev);
                } else {
+                       if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap &&
+                           os_ref_get_count(&map->map_refcnt) != 0) {
+                               panic("vm_map_delete(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx): "
+                                   "no map entry at 0x%llx\n",
+                                   map,
+                                   (uint64_t)start,
+                                   (uint64_t)end,
+                                   (uint64_t)start);
+                       }
                        entry = first_entry->vme_next;
+                       if (gap_start == FIND_GAP) {
+                               gap_start = start;
+                       }
                }
                break;
        }
-       if (entry->superpage_size)
+       if (entry->superpage_size) {
                end = SUPERPAGE_ROUND_UP(end);
+       }
 
        need_wakeup = FALSE;
        /*
@@ -4891,6 +7842,25 @@ vm_map_delete(
                         * vm_map_simplify_entry().  We need to
                         * re-clip its start.
                         */
+                       if ((flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_MAP_ALIGN) &&
+                           entry->map_aligned &&
+                           !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(s,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map))) {
+                               /*
+                                * The entry will no longer be map-aligned
+                                * after clipping and the caller said it's OK.
+                                */
+                               entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+                       }
+                       if (map == kalloc_map) {
+                               panic("vm_map_delete(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx): "
+                                   "clipping %p at 0x%llx\n",
+                                   map,
+                                   (uint64_t)start,
+                                   (uint64_t)end,
+                                   entry,
+                                   (uint64_t)s);
+                       }
                        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, s);
                }
                if (entry->vme_end <= end) {
@@ -4899,13 +7869,71 @@ vm_map_delete(
                         * to clip and possibly cause an unnecessary unnesting.
                         */
                } else {
+                       if ((flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_MAP_ALIGN) &&
+                           entry->map_aligned &&
+                           !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(end,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map))) {
+                               /*
+                                * The entry will no longer be map-aligned
+                                * after clipping and the caller said it's OK.
+                                */
+                               entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+                       }
+                       if (map == kalloc_map) {
+                               panic("vm_map_delete(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx): "
+                                   "clipping %p at 0x%llx\n",
+                                   map,
+                                   (uint64_t)start,
+                                   (uint64_t)end,
+                                   entry,
+                                   (uint64_t)end);
+                       }
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
                }
 
                if (entry->permanent) {
-                       panic("attempt to remove permanent VM map entry "
-                             "%p [0x%llx:0x%llx]\n",
-                             entry, (uint64_t) s, (uint64_t) end);
+                       if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+                               panic("%s(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx): "
+                                   "attempt to remove permanent "
+                                   "VM map entry "
+                                   "%p [0x%llx:0x%llx]\n",
+                                   __FUNCTION__,
+                                   map,
+                                   (uint64_t) start,
+                                   (uint64_t) end,
+                                   entry,
+                                   (uint64_t) entry->vme_start,
+                                   (uint64_t) entry->vme_end);
+                       } else if (flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_IMMUTABLE) {
+//                             printf("FBDP %d[%s] removing permanent entry %p [0x%llx:0x%llx] prot 0x%x/0x%x\n", proc_selfpid(), (current_task()->bsd_info ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info) : "?"), entry, (uint64_t)entry->vme_start, (uint64_t)entry->vme_end, entry->protection, entry->max_protection);
+                               entry->permanent = FALSE;
+                       } else {
+                               if (vm_map_executable_immutable_verbose) {
+                                       printf("%d[%s] %s(0x%llx,0x%llx): "
+                                           "permanent entry [0x%llx:0x%llx] "
+                                           "prot 0x%x/0x%x\n",
+                                           proc_selfpid(),
+                                           (current_task()->bsd_info
+                                           ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                                           : "?"),
+                                           __FUNCTION__,
+                                           (uint64_t) start,
+                                           (uint64_t) end,
+                                           (uint64_t)entry->vme_start,
+                                           (uint64_t)entry->vme_end,
+                                           entry->protection,
+                                           entry->max_protection);
+                               }
+                               /*
+                                * dtrace -n 'vm_map_delete_permanent { print("start=0x%llx end=0x%llx prot=0x%x/0x%x\n", arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3); stack(); ustack(); }'
+                                */
+                               DTRACE_VM5(vm_map_delete_permanent,
+                                   vm_map_offset_t, entry->vme_start,
+                                   vm_map_offset_t, entry->vme_end,
+                                   vm_prot_t, entry->protection,
+                                   vm_prot_t, entry->max_protection,
+                                   int, VME_ALIAS(entry));
+                       }
                }
 
 
@@ -4936,7 +7964,6 @@ vm_map_delete(
                                 * We do not clear the needs_wakeup flag,
                                 * since we cannot tell if we were the only one.
                                 */
-                               vm_map_unlock(map);
                                return KERN_ABORTED;
                        }
 
@@ -4945,11 +7972,12 @@ vm_map_delete(
                         * may not exist anymore.  Look it up again.
                         */
                        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, s, &first_entry)) {
-                               assert((map != kernel_map) && 
-                                      (!entry->is_sub_map));
                                /*
                                 * User: use the next entry
                                 */
+                               if (gap_start == FIND_GAP) {
+                                       gap_start = s;
+                               }
                                entry = first_entry->vme_next;
                                s = entry->vme_start;
                        } else {
@@ -4961,23 +7989,24 @@ vm_map_delete(
                } /* end in_transition */
 
                if (entry->wired_count) {
-                       boolean_t       user_wire;
+                       boolean_t       user_wire;
 
                        user_wire = entry->user_wired_count > 0;
 
                        /*
-                        *      Remove a kernel wiring if requested
+                        *      Remove a kernel wiring if requested
                         */
                        if (flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_KUNWIRE) {
                                entry->wired_count--;
                        }
-                       
+
                        /*
                         *      Remove all user wirings for proper accounting
                         */
                        if (entry->user_wired_count > 0) {
-                               while (entry->user_wired_count)
+                               while (entry->user_wired_count) {
                                        subtract_wire_counts(map, entry, user_wire);
+                               }
                        }
 
                        if (entry->wired_count != 0) {
@@ -4995,17 +8024,16 @@ vm_map_delete(
                                        assert(s == entry->vme_start);
                                        entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
                                        wait_result = vm_map_entry_wait(map,
-                                                                       interruptible);
+                                           interruptible);
 
                                        if (interruptible &&
                                            wait_result == THREAD_INTERRUPTED) {
                                                /*
-                                                * We do not clear the 
-                                                * needs_wakeup flag, since we 
-                                                * cannot tell if we were the 
+                                                * We do not clear the
+                                                * needs_wakeup flag, since we
+                                                * cannot tell if we were the
                                                 * only one.
                                                 */
-                                               vm_map_unlock(map);
                                                return KERN_ABORTED;
                                        }
 
@@ -5014,12 +8042,15 @@ vm_map_delete(
                                         * it may not exist anymore.  Look it
                                         * up again.
                                         */
-                                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, s, 
-                                                                &first_entry)) {
+                                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, s,
+                                           &first_entry)) {
                                                assert(map != kernel_map);
                                                /*
                                                 * User: use the next entry
                                                 */
+                                               if (gap_start == FIND_GAP) {
+                                                       gap_start = s;
+                                               }
                                                entry = first_entry->vme_next;
                                                s = entry->vme_start;
                                        } else {
@@ -5028,8 +8059,7 @@ vm_map_delete(
                                        }
                                        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
                                        continue;
-                               }
-                               else {
+                               } else {
                                        return KERN_FAILURE;
                                }
                        }
@@ -5052,12 +8082,12 @@ vm_map_delete(
                                vm_map_offset_t sub_start, sub_end;
                                pmap_t pmap;
                                vm_map_offset_t pmap_addr;
-                               
 
-                               sub_map = tmp_entry.object.sub_map;
-                               sub_start = tmp_entry.offset;
+
+                               sub_map = VME_SUBMAP(&tmp_entry);
+                               sub_start = VME_OFFSET(&tmp_entry);
                                sub_end = sub_start + (tmp_entry.vme_end -
-                                                      tmp_entry.vme_start);
+                                   tmp_entry.vme_start);
                                if (tmp_entry.use_pmap) {
                                        pmap = sub_map->pmap;
                                        pmap_addr = tmp_entry.vme_start;
@@ -5066,26 +8096,37 @@ vm_map_delete(
                                        pmap_addr = tmp_entry.vme_start;
                                }
                                (void) vm_map_unwire_nested(sub_map,
-                                                           sub_start, sub_end,
-                                                           user_wire,
-                                                           pmap, pmap_addr);
+                                   sub_start, sub_end,
+                                   user_wire,
+                                   pmap, pmap_addr);
                        } else {
-
+                               if (VME_OBJECT(&tmp_entry) == kernel_object) {
+                                       pmap_protect_options(
+                                               map->pmap,
+                                               tmp_entry.vme_start,
+                                               tmp_entry.vme_end,
+                                               VM_PROT_NONE,
+                                               PMAP_OPTIONS_REMOVE,
+                                               NULL);
+                               }
                                vm_fault_unwire(map, &tmp_entry,
-                                               tmp_entry.object.vm_object == kernel_object,
-                                               map->pmap, tmp_entry.vme_start);
+                                   VME_OBJECT(&tmp_entry) == kernel_object,
+                                   map->pmap, tmp_entry.vme_start);
                        }
 
                        vm_map_lock(map);
 
-                       if (last_timestamp+1 != map->timestamp) {
+                       if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                                /*
                                 * Find the entry again.  It could have
                                 * been clipped after we unlocked the map.
                                 */
-                               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, s, &first_entry)){
-                                       assert((map != kernel_map) && 
-                                              (!entry->is_sub_map));
+                               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, s, &first_entry)) {
+                                       assert((map != kernel_map) &&
+                                           (!entry->is_sub_map));
+                                       if (gap_start == FIND_GAP) {
+                                               gap_start = s;
+                                       }
                                        first_entry = first_entry->vme_next;
                                        s = first_entry->vme_start;
                                } else {
@@ -5100,7 +8141,7 @@ vm_map_delete(
 
                        entry = first_entry;
                        while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-                              (entry->vme_start < tmp_entry.vme_end)) {
+                           (entry->vme_start < tmp_entry.vme_end)) {
                                assert(entry->in_transition);
                                entry->in_transition = FALSE;
                                if (entry->needs_wakeup) {
@@ -5135,55 +8176,159 @@ vm_map_delete(
                         * all this.
                         */
                } else if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       assertf(VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(VME_SUBMAP(entry)) >= VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map),
+                           "map %p (%d) entry %p submap %p (%d)\n",
+                           map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map), entry,
+                           VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(VME_SUBMAP(entry)));
                        if (entry->use_pmap) {
+                               assertf(VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(VME_SUBMAP(entry)) == VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map),
+                                   "map %p (%d) entry %p submap %p (%d)\n",
+                                   map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map), entry,
+                                   VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                                   VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(VME_SUBMAP(entry)));
 #ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP
-                               pmap_unnest(map->pmap,
-                                           (addr64_t)entry->vme_start,
-                                           entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
-#endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
-                               if ((map->mapped) && (map->ref_count)) {
+                               int pmap_flags;
+
+                               if (flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_UNNESTING) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * This is the final cleanup of the
+                                        * address space being terminated.
+                                        * No new mappings are expected and
+                                        * we don't really need to unnest the
+                                        * shared region (and lose the "global"
+                                        * pmap mappings, if applicable).
+                                        *
+                                        * Tell the pmap layer that we're
+                                        * "clean" wrt nesting.
+                                        */
+                                       pmap_flags = PMAP_UNNEST_CLEAN;
+                               } else {
+                                       /*
+                                        * We're unmapping part of the nested
+                                        * shared region, so we can't keep the
+                                        * nested pmap.
+                                        */
+                                       pmap_flags = 0;
+                               }
+                               pmap_unnest_options(
+                                       map->pmap,
+                                       (addr64_t)entry->vme_start,
+                                       entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start,
+                                       pmap_flags);
+#endif  /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
+                               if (map->mapped_in_other_pmaps &&
+                                   os_ref_get_count(&map->map_refcnt) != 0) {
                                        /* clean up parent map/maps */
                                        vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
                                                map, entry->vme_start,
                                                entry->vme_end,
-                                               entry->object.sub_map,
-                                               entry->offset);
+                                               VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                                               VME_OFFSET(entry));
                                }
                        } else {
                                vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
                                        map, entry->vme_start, entry->vme_end,
-                                       entry->object.sub_map,
-                                       entry->offset);
+                                       VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                                       VME_OFFSET(entry));
                        }
-               } else if (entry->object.vm_object != kernel_object) {
-                       object = entry->object.vm_object;
-                       if((map->mapped) && (map->ref_count)) {
-                               vm_object_pmap_protect(
-                                       object, entry->offset,
+               } else if (VME_OBJECT(entry) != kernel_object &&
+                   VME_OBJECT(entry) != compressor_object) {
+                       object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+                       if (map->mapped_in_other_pmaps &&
+                           os_ref_get_count(&map->map_refcnt) != 0) {
+                               vm_object_pmap_protect_options(
+                                       object, VME_OFFSET(entry),
                                        entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start,
                                        PMAP_NULL,
+                                       PAGE_SIZE,
                                        entry->vme_start,
-                                       VM_PROT_NONE);
-                       } else {
-                               pmap_remove(map->pmap,
-                                           (addr64_t)entry->vme_start,
-                                           (addr64_t)entry->vme_end);
+                                       VM_PROT_NONE,
+                                       PMAP_OPTIONS_REMOVE);
+                       } else if ((VME_OBJECT(entry) != VM_OBJECT_NULL) ||
+                           (map->pmap == kernel_pmap)) {
+                               /* Remove translations associated
+                                * with this range unless the entry
+                                * does not have an object, or
+                                * it's the kernel map or a descendant
+                                * since the platform could potentially
+                                * create "backdoor" mappings invisible
+                                * to the VM. It is expected that
+                                * objectless, non-kernel ranges
+                                * do not have such VM invisible
+                                * translations.
+                                */
+                               pmap_remove_options(map->pmap,
+                                   (addr64_t)entry->vme_start,
+                                   (addr64_t)entry->vme_end,
+                                   PMAP_OPTIONS_REMOVE);
                        }
                }
 
+               if (entry->iokit_acct) {
+                       /* alternate accounting */
+                       DTRACE_VM4(vm_map_iokit_unmapped_region,
+                           vm_map_t, map,
+                           vm_map_offset_t, entry->vme_start,
+                           vm_map_offset_t, entry->vme_end,
+                           int, VME_ALIAS(entry));
+                       vm_map_iokit_unmapped_region(map,
+                           (entry->vme_end -
+                           entry->vme_start));
+                       entry->iokit_acct = FALSE;
+                       entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+               }
+
                /*
                 * All pmap mappings for this map entry must have been
                 * cleared by now.
                 */
+#if DEBUG
                assert(vm_map_pmap_is_empty(map,
-                                           entry->vme_start,
-                                           entry->vme_end));
+                   entry->vme_start,
+                   entry->vme_end));
+#endif /* DEBUG */
 
                next = entry->vme_next;
+
+               if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap &&
+                   os_ref_get_count(&map->map_refcnt) != 0 &&
+                   entry->vme_end < end &&
+                   (next == vm_map_to_entry(map) ||
+                   next->vme_start != entry->vme_end)) {
+                       panic("vm_map_delete(%p,0x%llx,0x%llx): "
+                           "hole after %p at 0x%llx\n",
+                           map,
+                           (uint64_t)start,
+                           (uint64_t)end,
+                           entry,
+                           (uint64_t)entry->vme_end);
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * If the desired range didn't end with "entry", then there is a gap if
+                * we wrapped around to the start of the map or if "entry" and "next"
+                * aren't contiguous.
+                *
+                * The vm_map_round_page() is needed since an entry can be less than VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK() sized.
+                * For example, devices which have h/w 4K pages, but entry sizes are all now 16K.
+                */
+               if (gap_start == FIND_GAP &&
+                   vm_map_round_page(entry->vme_end, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)) < end &&
+                   (next == vm_map_to_entry(map) || entry->vme_end != next->vme_start)) {
+                       gap_start = entry->vme_end;
+               }
                s = next->vme_start;
                last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
 
-               if ((flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES) &&
+               if (entry->permanent) {
+                       /*
+                        * A permanent entry can not be removed, so leave it
+                        * in place but remove all access permissions.
+                        */
+                       entry->protection = VM_PROT_NONE;
+                       entry->max_protection = VM_PROT_NONE;
+               } else if ((flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES) &&
                    zap_map != VM_MAP_NULL) {
                        vm_map_size_t entry_size;
                        /*
@@ -5192,11 +8337,12 @@ vm_map_delete(
                         * these entries.
                         */
                        /* unlink the entry from "map" ... */
-                       vm_map_entry_unlink(map, entry);
+                       vm_map_store_entry_unlink(map, entry);
                        /* ... and add it to the end of the "zap_map" */
-                       vm_map_entry_link(zap_map,
-                                         vm_map_last_entry(zap_map),
-                                         entry);
+                       vm_map_store_entry_link(zap_map,
+                           vm_map_last_entry(zap_map),
+                           entry,
+                           VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE);
                        entry_size = entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start;
                        map->size -= entry_size;
                        zap_map->size += entry_size;
@@ -5210,46 +8356,93 @@ vm_map_delete(
 
                entry = next;
 
-               if(entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+               if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
                        break;
                }
-               if (last_timestamp+1 != map->timestamp) {
+               if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                        /*
-                        * we are responsible for deleting everything
-                        * from the give space, if someone has interfered
-                        * we pick up where we left off, back fills should
-                        * be all right for anyone except map_delete and
+                        * We are responsible for deleting everything
+                        * from the given space. If someone has interfered,
+                        * we pick up where we left off. Back fills should
+                        * be all right for anyone, except map_delete, and
                         * we have to assume that the task has been fully
                         * disabled before we get here
                         */
-                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, s, &entry)){
-                               entry = entry->vme_next;
+                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, s, &entry)) {
+                               entry = entry->vme_next;
+
+                               /*
+                                * Nothing found for s. If we weren't already done, then there is a gap.
+                                */
+                               if (gap_start == FIND_GAP && s < end) {
+                                       gap_start = s;
+                               }
                                s = entry->vme_start;
-                       } else {
+                       } else {
                                SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(map, entry->vme_prev);
-                               }
-                       /* 
-                        * others can not only allocate behind us, we can 
-                        * also see coalesce while we don't have the map lock 
+                       }
+                       /*
+                        * others can not only allocate behind us, we can
+                        * also see coalesce while we don't have the map lock
                         */
-                       if(entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                       if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
                                break;
                        }
                }
                last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
        }
 
-       if (map->wait_for_space)
+       if (map->wait_for_space) {
                thread_wakeup((event_t) map);
+       }
        /*
         * wake up anybody waiting on entries that we have already deleted.
         */
-       if (need_wakeup)
+       if (need_wakeup) {
                vm_map_entry_wakeup(map);
+       }
+
+       if (gap_start != FIND_GAP && gap_start != GAPS_OK) {
+               DTRACE_VM3(kern_vm_deallocate_gap,
+                   vm_map_offset_t, gap_start,
+                   vm_map_offset_t, save_start,
+                   vm_map_offset_t, save_end);
+               if (!(flags & VM_MAP_REMOVE_GAPS_OK)) {
+                       vm_map_guard_exception(gap_start, kGUARD_EXC_DEALLOC_GAP);
+               }
+       }
 
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+
+/*
+ *     vm_map_terminate:
+ *
+ *     Clean out a task's map.
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_terminate(
+       vm_map_t        map)
+{
+       vm_map_lock(map);
+       map->terminated = TRUE;
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
+
+       return vm_map_remove(map,
+                  map->min_offset,
+                  map->max_offset,
+                  /*
+                   * Final cleanup:
+                   * + no unnesting
+                   * + remove immutable mappings
+                   * + allow gaps in range
+                   */
+                  (VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_UNNESTING |
+                  VM_MAP_REMOVE_IMMUTABLE |
+                  VM_MAP_REMOVE_GAPS_OK));
+}
+
 /*
  *     vm_map_remove:
  *
@@ -5258,22 +8451,71 @@ vm_map_delete(
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_remove(
-       register vm_map_t       map,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start,
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end,
-       register boolean_t      flags)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       boolean_t      flags)
 {
-       register kern_return_t  result;
+       kern_return_t   result;
 
        vm_map_lock(map);
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
+       /*
+        * For the zone maps, the kernel controls the allocation/freeing of memory.
+        * Any free to the zone maps should be within the bounds of the map and
+        * should free up memory. If the VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK() silently converts a
+        * free to the zone maps into a no-op, there is a problem and we should
+        * panic.
+        */
+       if ((start == end) && zone_maps_owned(start, 1)) {
+               panic("Nothing being freed to a zone map. start = end = %p\n", (void *)start);
+       }
        result = vm_map_delete(map, start, end, flags, VM_MAP_NULL);
        vm_map_unlock(map);
 
-       return(result);
+       return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *     vm_map_remove_locked:
+ *
+ *     Remove the given address range from the target locked map.
+ *     This is the exported form of vm_map_delete.
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_remove_locked(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       boolean_t       flags)
+{
+       kern_return_t   result;
+
+       VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
+       result = vm_map_delete(map, start, end, flags, VM_MAP_NULL);
+       return result;
 }
 
 
+/*
+ *     Routine:        vm_map_copy_allocate
+ *
+ *     Description:
+ *             Allocates and initializes a map copy object.
+ */
+static vm_map_copy_t
+vm_map_copy_allocate(void)
+{
+       vm_map_copy_t new_copy;
+
+       new_copy = zalloc(vm_map_copy_zone);
+       bzero(new_copy, sizeof(*new_copy));
+       new_copy->c_u.hdr.rb_head_store.rbh_root = (void*)(int)SKIP_RB_TREE;
+       vm_map_copy_first_entry(new_copy) = vm_map_copy_to_entry(new_copy);
+       vm_map_copy_last_entry(new_copy) = vm_map_copy_to_entry(new_copy);
+       return new_copy;
+}
+
 /*
  *     Routine:        vm_map_copy_discard
  *
@@ -5283,34 +8525,42 @@ vm_map_remove(
  */
 void
 vm_map_copy_discard(
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy)
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy)
 {
-       if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL)
+       if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
                return;
+       }
 
        switch (copy->type) {
        case VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST:
                while (vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy) !=
-                      vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
-                       vm_map_entry_t  entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
+                   vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
+                       vm_map_entry_t  entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
 
                        vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, entry);
-                       vm_object_deallocate(entry->object.vm_object);
+                       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               vm_map_deallocate(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+                       } else {
+                               vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(entry));
+                       }
                        vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy, entry);
                }
                break;
-        case VM_MAP_COPY_OBJECT:
+       case VM_MAP_COPY_OBJECT:
                vm_object_deallocate(copy->cpy_object);
                break;
        case VM_MAP_COPY_KERNEL_BUFFER:
 
                /*
                 * The vm_map_copy_t and possibly the data buffer were
-                * allocated by a single call to kalloc(), i.e. the
+                * allocated by a single call to kheap_alloc(), i.e. the
                 * vm_map_copy_t was not allocated out of the zone.
                 */
-               kfree(copy, copy->cpy_kalloc_size);
-               return;
+               if (copy->size > msg_ool_size_small || copy->offset) {
+                       panic("Invalid vm_map_copy_t sz:%lld, ofst:%lld",
+                           (long long)copy->size, (long long)copy->offset);
+               }
+               kheap_free(KHEAP_DATA_BUFFERS, copy->cpy_kdata, copy->size);
        }
        zfree(vm_map_copy_zone, copy);
 }
@@ -5334,12 +8584,13 @@ vm_map_copy_discard(
  */
 vm_map_copy_t
 vm_map_copy_copy(
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy)
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy)
 {
-       vm_map_copy_t   new_copy;
+       vm_map_copy_t   new_copy;
 
-       if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL)
+       if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
                return VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+       }
 
        /*
         * Allocate a new copy object, and copy the information
@@ -5347,7 +8598,12 @@ vm_map_copy_copy(
         */
 
        new_copy = (vm_map_copy_t) zalloc(vm_map_copy_zone);
-       *new_copy = *copy;
+       memcpy((void *) new_copy, (void *) copy, sizeof(struct vm_map_copy));
+#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
+       if (copy->type == VM_MAP_COPY_KERNEL_BUFFER) {
+               new_copy->cpy_kdata = copy->cpy_kdata;
+       }
+#endif
 
        if (copy->type == VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST) {
                /*
@@ -5355,9 +8611,9 @@ vm_map_copy_copy(
                 * changed to point to the new copy object.
                 */
                vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy)->vme_prev
-                       = vm_map_copy_to_entry(new_copy);
+                       = vm_map_copy_to_entry(new_copy);
                vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy)->vme_next
-                       = vm_map_copy_to_entry(new_copy);
+                       = vm_map_copy_to_entry(new_copy);
        }
 
        /*
@@ -5375,15 +8631,15 @@ vm_map_copy_copy(
 
 static kern_return_t
 vm_map_overwrite_submap_recurse(
-       vm_map_t        dst_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t dst_addr,
-       vm_map_size_t   dst_size)
+       vm_map_t        dst_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t dst_addr,
+       vm_map_size_t   dst_size)
 {
-       vm_map_offset_t dst_end;
-       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
-       kern_return_t   result;
-       boolean_t       encountered_sub_map = FALSE;
+       vm_map_offset_t dst_end;
+       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       kern_return_t   result;
+       boolean_t       encountered_sub_map = FALSE;
 
 
 
@@ -5394,71 +8650,81 @@ vm_map_overwrite_submap_recurse(
         *      splitting entries in strange ways.
         */
 
-       dst_end = vm_map_round_page(dst_addr + dst_size);
+       dst_end = vm_map_round_page(dst_addr + dst_size,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map));
        vm_map_lock(dst_map);
 
 start_pass_1:
        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, dst_addr, &tmp_entry)) {
                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
 
-       vm_map_clip_start(dst_map, tmp_entry, vm_map_trunc_page(dst_addr));
-       assert(!tmp_entry->use_pmap); /* clipping did unnest if needed */
+       vm_map_clip_start(dst_map,
+           tmp_entry,
+           vm_map_trunc_page(dst_addr,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map)));
+       if (tmp_entry->is_sub_map) {
+               /* clipping did unnest if needed */
+               assert(!tmp_entry->use_pmap);
+       }
 
        for (entry = tmp_entry;;) {
-               vm_map_entry_t  next;
+               vm_map_entry_t  next;
 
                next = entry->vme_next;
-               while(entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
-                       vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
-                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
+               while (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
+                       vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
+                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
 
                        if (entry->in_transition) {
                                /*
                                 * Say that we are waiting, and wait for entry.
                                 */
-                               entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
-                               vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
+                               entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
+                               vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
 
                                goto start_pass_1;
                        }
 
                        encountered_sub_map = TRUE;
-                       sub_start = entry->offset;
+                       sub_start = VME_OFFSET(entry);
 
-                       if(entry->vme_end < dst_end)
+                       if (entry->vme_end < dst_end) {
                                sub_end = entry->vme_end;
-                       else 
+                       } else {
                                sub_end = dst_end;
+                       }
                        sub_end -= entry->vme_start;
-                       sub_end += entry->offset;
+                       sub_end += VME_OFFSET(entry);
                        local_end = entry->vme_end;
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       
+
                        result = vm_map_overwrite_submap_recurse(
-                               entry->object.sub_map,
+                               VME_SUBMAP(entry),
                                sub_start,
                                sub_end - sub_start);
 
-                       if(result != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                return result;
-                       if (dst_end <= entry->vme_end)
+                       }
+                       if (dst_end <= entry->vme_end) {
                                return KERN_SUCCESS;
+                       }
                        vm_map_lock(dst_map);
-                       if(!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, local_end, 
-                                               &tmp_entry)) {
+                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, local_end,
+                           &tmp_entry)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
                        entry = tmp_entry;
                        next = entry->vme_next;
                }
 
-               if ( ! (entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
+               if (!(entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       return(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                }
 
                /*
@@ -5466,13 +8732,12 @@ start_pass_1:
                 *      for it to exit that state.  Anything could happen
                 *      when we unlock the map, so start over.
                 */
-                if (entry->in_transition) {
-
-                        /*
-                         * Say that we are waiting, and wait for entry.
-                         */
-                        entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
-                        vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
+               if (entry->in_transition) {
+                       /*
+                        * Say that we are waiting, and wait for entry.
+                        */
+                       entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
+                       vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
 
                        goto start_pass_1;
                }
@@ -5490,18 +8755,18 @@ start_pass_1:
                if ((next == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) ||
                    (next->vme_start != entry->vme_end)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Check for permanent objects in the destination.
                 */
-               if ((entry->object.vm_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
-                   ((!entry->object.vm_object->internal) ||
-                    (entry->object.vm_object->true_share))) {
-                       if(encountered_sub_map) {
+               if ((VME_OBJECT(entry) != VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
+                   ((!VME_OBJECT(entry)->internal) ||
+                   (VME_OBJECT(entry)->true_share))) {
+                       if (encountered_sub_map) {
                                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                               return(KERN_FAILURE);
+                               return KERN_FAILURE;
                        }
                }
 
@@ -5509,7 +8774,7 @@ start_pass_1:
                entry = next;
        }/* for */
        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5565,30 +8830,39 @@ start_pass_1:
 
 static kern_return_t
 vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
-       vm_map_t                dst_map,
-       vm_map_address_t        dst_addr,
-       vm_map_copy_t           copy,
-       boolean_t               interruptible,
-       pmap_t                  pmap)
+       vm_map_t                dst_map,
+       vm_map_address_t        dst_addr,
+       vm_map_copy_t           copy,
+       boolean_t               interruptible,
+       pmap_t                  pmap,
+       boolean_t               discard_on_success)
 {
-       vm_map_offset_t         dst_end;
-       vm_map_entry_t          tmp_entry;
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
-       kern_return_t           kr;
-       boolean_t               aligned = TRUE;
-       boolean_t               contains_permanent_objects = FALSE;
-       boolean_t               encountered_sub_map = FALSE;
-       vm_map_offset_t         base_addr;
-       vm_map_size_t           copy_size;
-       vm_map_size_t           total_size;
+       vm_map_offset_t         dst_end;
+       vm_map_entry_t          tmp_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       kern_return_t           kr;
+       boolean_t               aligned = TRUE;
+       boolean_t               contains_permanent_objects = FALSE;
+       boolean_t               encountered_sub_map = FALSE;
+       vm_map_offset_t         base_addr;
+       vm_map_size_t           copy_size;
+       vm_map_size_t           total_size;
+       int                     copy_page_shift;
 
 
        /*
         *      Check for null copy object.
         */
 
-       if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL)
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Assert that the vm_map_copy is coming from the right
+        * zone and hasn't been forged
+        */
+       vm_map_copy_require(copy);
 
        /*
         *      Check for special kernel buffer allocated
@@ -5596,9 +8870,9 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
         */
 
        if (copy->type == VM_MAP_COPY_KERNEL_BUFFER) {
-               return(vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(
-                              dst_map, &dst_addr, 
-                              copy, TRUE));
+               return vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(
+                       dst_map, &dst_addr,
+                       copy, copy->size, TRUE, discard_on_success);
        }
 
        /*
@@ -5609,10 +8883,14 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
        assert(copy->type == VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST);
 
        if (copy->size == 0) {
-               vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+               if (discard_on_success) {
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
+               }
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
 
+       copy_page_shift = copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift;
+
        /*
         *      Verify that the destination is all writeable
         *      initially.  We have to trunc the destination
@@ -5620,12 +8898,16 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
         *      splitting entries in strange ways.
         */
 
-       if (!page_aligned(copy->size) ||
-           !page_aligned (copy->offset) ||
-           !page_aligned (dst_addr))
-       {
+       if (!VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(copy->size,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map)) ||
+           !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(copy->offset,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map)) ||
+           !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(dst_addr,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map)) ||
+           copy_page_shift != VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(dst_map)) {
                aligned = FALSE;
-               dst_end = vm_map_round_page(dst_addr + copy->size);
+               dst_end = vm_map_round_page(dst_addr + copy->size,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map));
        } else {
                dst_end = dst_addr + copy->size;
        }
@@ -5638,73 +8920,78 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
         */
        if (dst_addr >= dst_map->max_offset) {
                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
-        
+
 start_pass_1:
        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, dst_addr, &tmp_entry)) {
                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
-       vm_map_clip_start(dst_map, tmp_entry, vm_map_trunc_page(dst_addr));
+       vm_map_clip_start(dst_map,
+           tmp_entry,
+           vm_map_trunc_page(dst_addr,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map)));
        for (entry = tmp_entry;;) {
-               vm_map_entry_t  next = entry->vme_next;
+               vm_map_entry_t  next = entry->vme_next;
 
-               while(entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
-                       vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
-                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
-
-                       if (entry->in_transition) {
+               while (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
+                       vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
+                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
 
+                       if (entry->in_transition) {
                                /*
                                 * Say that we are waiting, and wait for entry.
                                 */
-                               entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
-                               vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
+                               entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
+                               vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
 
                                goto start_pass_1;
                        }
 
                        local_end = entry->vme_end;
-                       if (!(entry->needs_copy)) {
+                       if (!(entry->needs_copy)) {
                                /* if needs_copy we are a COW submap */
                                /* in such a case we just replace so */
                                /* there is no need for the follow-  */
                                /* ing check.                        */
                                encountered_sub_map = TRUE;
-                               sub_start = entry->offset;
+                               sub_start = VME_OFFSET(entry);
 
-                               if(entry->vme_end < dst_end)
+                               if (entry->vme_end < dst_end) {
                                        sub_end = entry->vme_end;
-                               else 
+                               } else {
                                        sub_end = dst_end;
+                               }
                                sub_end -= entry->vme_start;
-                               sub_end += entry->offset;
+                               sub_end += VME_OFFSET(entry);
                                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       
+
                                kr = vm_map_overwrite_submap_recurse(
-                                       entry->object.sub_map,
+                                       VME_SUBMAP(entry),
                                        sub_start,
                                        sub_end - sub_start);
-                               if(kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
+                               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                        return kr;
+                               }
                                vm_map_lock(dst_map);
                        }
 
-                       if (dst_end <= entry->vme_end)
+                       if (dst_end <= entry->vme_end) {
                                goto start_overwrite;
-                       if(!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, local_end, 
-                                               &entry)) {
+                       }
+                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, local_end,
+                           &entry)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
                        next = entry->vme_next;
                }
 
-               if ( ! (entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
+               if (!(entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       return(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                }
 
                /*
@@ -5712,13 +8999,12 @@ start_pass_1:
                 *      for it to exit that state.  Anything could happen
                 *      when we unlock the map, so start over.
                 */
-                if (entry->in_transition) {
-
-                        /*
-                         * Say that we are waiting, and wait for entry.
-                         */
-                        entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
-                        vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
+               if (entry->in_transition) {
+                       /*
+                        * Say that we are waiting, and wait for entry.
+                        */
+                       entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
+                       vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
 
                        goto start_pass_1;
                }
@@ -5726,24 +9012,25 @@ start_pass_1:
 /*
  *             our range is contained completely within this map entry
  */
-               if (dst_end <= entry->vme_end)
+               if (dst_end <= entry->vme_end) {
                        break;
+               }
 /*
  *             check that range specified is contiguous region
  */
                if ((next == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) ||
                    (next->vme_start != entry->vme_end)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
 
 
                /*
                 *      Check for permanent objects in the destination.
                 */
-               if ((entry->object.vm_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
-                   ((!entry->object.vm_object->internal) ||
-                    (entry->object.vm_object->true_share))) {
+               if ((VME_OBJECT(entry) != VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
+                   ((!VME_OBJECT(entry)->internal) ||
+                   (VME_OBJECT(entry)->true_share))) {
                        contains_permanent_objects = TRUE;
                }
 
@@ -5758,11 +9045,11 @@ start_overwrite:
 
        if (interruptible && contains_permanent_objects) {
                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-               return(KERN_FAILURE);   /* XXX */
+               return KERN_FAILURE;   /* XXX */
        }
 
        /*
-        *
+        *
         *      Make a second pass, overwriting the data
         *      At the beginning of each loop iteration,
         *      the next entry to be overwritten is "tmp_entry"
@@ -5772,31 +9059,31 @@ start_overwrite:
         */
 
        total_size = copy->size;
-       if(encountered_sub_map) {
+       if (encountered_sub_map) {
                copy_size = 0;
                /* re-calculate tmp_entry since we've had the map */
                /* unlocked */
                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry( dst_map, dst_addr, &tmp_entry)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
        } else {
                copy_size = copy->size;
        }
-       
+
        base_addr = dst_addr;
-       while(TRUE) {
+       while (TRUE) {
                /* deconstruct the copy object and do in parts */
                /* only in sub_map, interruptable case */
-               vm_map_entry_t  copy_entry;
-               vm_map_entry_t  previous_prev = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
-               vm_map_entry_t  next_copy = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
-               int             nentries;
-               int             remaining_entries = 0;
-               vm_map_offset_t new_offset = 0;
-       
+               vm_map_entry_t  copy_entry;
+               vm_map_entry_t  previous_prev = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+               vm_map_entry_t  next_copy = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+               int             nentries;
+               int             remaining_entries = 0;
+               vm_map_offset_t new_offset = 0;
+
                for (entry = tmp_entry; copy_size == 0;) {
-                       vm_map_entry_t  next;
+                       vm_map_entry_t  next;
 
                        next = entry->vme_next;
 
@@ -5809,121 +9096,119 @@ start_overwrite:
                        /* encounter of a submap as dictated by base_addr */
                        /* we will zero copy_size accordingly. */
                        if (entry->in_transition) {
-                                       /*
-                                        * Say that we are waiting, and wait for entry.
-                                        */
-                                       entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
-                                       vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
-
-                               if(!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, base_addr, 
-                                                       &tmp_entry)) {
+                               /*
+                                * Say that we are waiting, and wait for entry.
+                                */
+                               entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
+                               vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
+
+                               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, base_addr,
+                                   &tmp_entry)) {
                                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                                }
                                copy_size = 0;
                                entry = tmp_entry;
                                continue;
                        }
-                       if(entry->is_sub_map) {
-                               vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
-                               vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
-                               vm_map_offset_t local_end;
+                       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
+                               vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
+                               vm_map_offset_t local_end;
 
-                               if (entry->needs_copy) {
+                               if (entry->needs_copy) {
                                        /* if this is a COW submap */
                                        /* just back the range with a */
                                        /* anonymous entry */
-                                       if(entry->vme_end < dst_end)
+                                       if (entry->vme_end < dst_end) {
                                                sub_end = entry->vme_end;
-                                       else 
+                                       } else {
                                                sub_end = dst_end;
-                                       if(entry->vme_start < base_addr)
+                                       }
+                                       if (entry->vme_start < base_addr) {
                                                sub_start = base_addr;
-                                       else 
+                                       } else {
                                                sub_start = entry->vme_start;
+                                       }
                                        vm_map_clip_end(
                                                dst_map, entry, sub_end);
                                        vm_map_clip_start(
                                                dst_map, entry, sub_start);
                                        assert(!entry->use_pmap);
+                                       assert(!entry->iokit_acct);
+                                       entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
                                        entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
                                        vm_map_deallocate(
-                                               entry->object.sub_map);
-                                       entry->object.sub_map = NULL;
+                                               VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+                                       VME_OBJECT_SET(entry, VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+                                       VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, 0);
                                        entry->is_shared = FALSE;
                                        entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
-                                       entry->offset = 0;
-                                       /*
-                                        * XXX FBDP
-                                        * We should propagate the protections
-                                        * of the submap entry here instead
-                                        * of forcing them to VM_PROT_ALL...
-                                        * Or better yet, we should inherit
-                                        * the protection of the copy_entry.
-                                        */
-                                       entry->protection = VM_PROT_ALL;
+                                       entry->protection = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;
                                        entry->max_protection = VM_PROT_ALL;
                                        entry->wired_count = 0;
                                        entry->user_wired_count = 0;
-                                       if(entry->inheritance 
-                                          == VM_INHERIT_SHARE) 
+                                       if (entry->inheritance
+                                           == VM_INHERIT_SHARE) {
                                                entry->inheritance = VM_INHERIT_COPY;
+                                       }
                                        continue;
                                }
                                /* first take care of any non-sub_map */
                                /* entries to send */
-                               if(base_addr < entry->vme_start) {
+                               if (base_addr < entry->vme_start) {
                                        /* stuff to send */
-                                       copy_size = 
-                                               entry->vme_start - base_addr;
+                                       copy_size =
+                                           entry->vme_start - base_addr;
                                        break;
                                }
-                               sub_start = entry->offset;
+                               sub_start = VME_OFFSET(entry);
 
-                               if(entry->vme_end < dst_end)
+                               if (entry->vme_end < dst_end) {
                                        sub_end = entry->vme_end;
-                               else 
+                               } else {
                                        sub_end = dst_end;
+                               }
                                sub_end -= entry->vme_start;
-                               sub_end += entry->offset;
+                               sub_end += VME_OFFSET(entry);
                                local_end = entry->vme_end;
                                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
                                copy_size = sub_end - sub_start;
 
                                /* adjust the copy object */
                                if (total_size > copy_size) {
-                                       vm_map_size_t   local_size = 0;
-                                       vm_map_size_t   entry_size;
+                                       vm_map_size_t   local_size = 0;
+                                       vm_map_size_t   entry_size;
 
                                        nentries = 1;
                                        new_offset = copy->offset;
                                        copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
-                                       while(copy_entry != 
-                                             vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)){
-                                               entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end - 
-                                                       copy_entry->vme_start;
-                                               if((local_size < copy_size) &&
-                                                  ((local_size + entry_size) 
+                                       while (copy_entry !=
+                                           vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
+                                               entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end -
+                                                   copy_entry->vme_start;
+                                               if ((local_size < copy_size) &&
+                                                   ((local_size + entry_size)
                                                    >= copy_size)) {
-                                                       vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy, 
-                                                                            copy_entry, 
-                                                                            copy_entry->vme_start +
-                                                                            (copy_size - local_size));
-                                                       entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end - 
-                                                               copy_entry->vme_start;
+                                                       vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy,
+                                                           copy_entry,
+                                                           copy_entry->vme_start +
+                                                           (copy_size - local_size));
+                                                       entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end -
+                                                           copy_entry->vme_start;
                                                        local_size += entry_size;
                                                        new_offset += entry_size;
                                                }
-                                               if(local_size >= copy_size) {
+                                               if (local_size >= copy_size) {
                                                        next_copy = copy_entry->vme_next;
-                                                       copy_entry->vme_next = 
-                                                               vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
-                                                       previous_prev = 
-                                                               copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev;
+                                                       copy_entry->vme_next =
+                                                           vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
+                                                       previous_prev =
+                                                           copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev;
                                                        copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev = copy_entry;
                                                        copy->size = copy_size;
-                                                       remaining_entries = 
-                                                               copy->cpy_hdr.nentries;
+                                                       remaining_entries =
+                                                           copy->cpy_hdr.nentries;
                                                        remaining_entries -= nentries;
                                                        copy->cpy_hdr.nentries = nentries;
                                                        break;
@@ -5935,75 +9220,81 @@ start_overwrite:
                                                copy_entry = copy_entry->vme_next;
                                        }
                                }
-                       
-                               if((entry->use_pmap) && (pmap == NULL)) {
+
+                               if ((entry->use_pmap) && (pmap == NULL)) {
                                        kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
-                                               entry->object.sub_map,
+                                               VME_SUBMAP(entry),
                                                sub_start,
                                                copy,
-                                               interruptible, 
-                                               entry->object.sub_map->pmap);
+                                               interruptible,
+                                               VME_SUBMAP(entry)->pmap,
+                                               TRUE);
                                } else if (pmap != NULL) {
                                        kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
-                                               entry->object.sub_map,
+                                               VME_SUBMAP(entry),
                                                sub_start,
                                                copy,
-                                               interruptible, pmap);
+                                               interruptible, pmap,
+                                               TRUE);
                                } else {
                                        kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
-                                               entry->object.sub_map,
+                                               VME_SUBMAP(entry),
                                                sub_start,
                                                copy,
                                                interruptible,
-                                               dst_map->pmap);
-                               }
-                               if(kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                                       if(next_copy != NULL) {
-                                               copy->cpy_hdr.nentries += 
-                                                       remaining_entries;
-                                               copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev->vme_next = 
-                                                       next_copy;
-                                               copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev 
-                                                       = previous_prev;
+                                               dst_map->pmap,
+                                               TRUE);
+                               }
+                               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                                       if (next_copy != NULL) {
+                                               copy->cpy_hdr.nentries +=
+                                                   remaining_entries;
+                                               copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev->vme_next =
+                                                   next_copy;
+                                               copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev
+                                                       = previous_prev;
                                                copy->size = total_size;
                                        }
                                        return kr;
                                }
                                if (dst_end <= local_end) {
-                                       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+                                       return KERN_SUCCESS;
                                }
                                /* otherwise copy no longer exists, it was */
                                /* destroyed after successful copy_overwrite */
-                               copy = (vm_map_copy_t) 
-                                       zalloc(vm_map_copy_zone);
-                               vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy) =
-                                       vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy) =
-                                       vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
+                               copy = vm_map_copy_allocate();
                                copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST;
                                copy->offset = new_offset;
+                               copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift = copy_page_shift;
+
+                               /*
+                                * XXX FBDP
+                                * this does not seem to deal with
+                                * the VM map store (R&B tree)
+                                */
 
                                total_size -= copy_size;
                                copy_size = 0;
                                /* put back remainder of copy in container */
-                               if(next_copy != NULL) {
+                               if (next_copy != NULL) {
                                        copy->cpy_hdr.nentries = remaining_entries;
                                        copy->cpy_hdr.links.next = next_copy;
                                        copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev = previous_prev;
                                        copy->size = total_size;
-                                       next_copy->vme_prev = 
-                                               vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
+                                       next_copy->vme_prev =
+                                           vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
                                        next_copy = NULL;
                                }
                                base_addr = local_end;
                                vm_map_lock(dst_map);
-                               if(!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, 
-                                                       local_end, &tmp_entry)) {
+                               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map,
+                                   local_end, &tmp_entry)) {
                                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                                }
                                entry = tmp_entry;
                                continue;
-                       } 
+                       }
                        if (dst_end <= entry->vme_end) {
                                copy_size = dst_end - base_addr;
                                break;
@@ -6012,7 +9303,7 @@ start_overwrite:
                        if ((next == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) ||
                            (next->vme_start != entry->vme_end)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
 
                        entry = next;
@@ -6023,35 +9314,35 @@ start_overwrite:
 
                /* adjust the copy object */
                if (total_size > copy_size) {
-                       vm_map_size_t   local_size = 0;
-                       vm_map_size_t   entry_size;
+                       vm_map_size_t   local_size = 0;
+                       vm_map_size_t   entry_size;
 
                        new_offset = copy->offset;
                        copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
-                       while(copy_entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
-                               entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end - 
-                                       copy_entry->vme_start;
-                               if((local_size < copy_size) &&
-                                  ((local_size + entry_size) 
+                       while (copy_entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
+                               entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end -
+                                   copy_entry->vme_start;
+                               if ((local_size < copy_size) &&
+                                   ((local_size + entry_size)
                                    >= copy_size)) {
-                                       vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy, copy_entry, 
-                                                            copy_entry->vme_start +
-                                                            (copy_size - local_size));
-                                       entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end - 
-                                               copy_entry->vme_start;
+                                       vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy, copy_entry,
+                                           copy_entry->vme_start +
+                                           (copy_size - local_size));
+                                       entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end -
+                                           copy_entry->vme_start;
                                        local_size += entry_size;
                                        new_offset += entry_size;
                                }
-                               if(local_size >= copy_size) {
+                               if (local_size >= copy_size) {
                                        next_copy = copy_entry->vme_next;
-                                       copy_entry->vme_next = 
-                                               vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
-                                       previous_prev = 
-                                               copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev;
+                                       copy_entry->vme_next =
+                                           vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
+                                       previous_prev =
+                                           copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev;
                                        copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev = copy_entry;
                                        copy->size = copy_size;
-                                       remaining_entries = 
-                                               copy->cpy_hdr.nentries;
+                                       remaining_entries =
+                                           copy->cpy_hdr.nentries;
                                        remaining_entries -= nentries;
                                        copy->cpy_hdr.nentries = nentries;
                                        break;
@@ -6065,23 +9356,24 @@ start_overwrite:
                }
 
                if (aligned) {
-                       pmap_t  local_pmap;
+                       pmap_t  local_pmap;
 
-                       if(pmap)
+                       if (pmap) {
                                local_pmap = pmap;
-                       else
+                       } else {
                                local_pmap = dst_map->pmap;
+                       }
 
-                       if ((kr =  vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned( 
-                                    dst_map, tmp_entry, copy,
-                                    base_addr, local_pmap)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                               if(next_copy != NULL) {
-                                       copy->cpy_hdr.nentries += 
-                                               remaining_entries;
-                                       copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev->vme_next = 
-                                               next_copy;
-                                       copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev = 
-                                               previous_prev;
+                       if ((kr =  vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
+                                   dst_map, tmp_entry, copy,
+                                   base_addr, local_pmap)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               if (next_copy != NULL) {
+                                       copy->cpy_hdr.nentries +=
+                                           remaining_entries;
+                                       copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev->vme_next =
+                                           next_copy;
+                                       copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev =
+                                           previous_prev;
                                        copy->size += copy_size;
                                }
                                return kr;
@@ -6099,27 +9391,33 @@ start_overwrite:
                         * bits of the region in this case !
                         */
                        /* ALWAYS UNLOCKS THE dst_map MAP */
-                       if ((kr =  vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned( dst_map,
-                                                                   tmp_entry, copy, base_addr)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                               if(next_copy != NULL) {
+                       kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
+                               dst_map,
+                               tmp_entry,
+                               copy,
+                               base_addr,
+                               discard_on_success);
+                       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               if (next_copy != NULL) {
                                        copy->cpy_hdr.nentries +=
-                                               remaining_entries;
-                                       copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev->vme_next = 
-                                               next_copy;
-                                       copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev = 
-                                               previous_prev;
+                                           remaining_entries;
+                                       copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev->vme_next =
+                                           next_copy;
+                                       copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev =
+                                           previous_prev;
                                        copy->size += copy_size;
                                }
                                return kr;
                        }
                }
                total_size -= copy_size;
-               if(total_size == 0)
+               if (total_size == 0) {
                        break;
+               }
                base_addr += copy_size;
                copy_size = 0;
                copy->offset = new_offset;
-               if(next_copy != NULL) {
+               if (next_copy != NULL) {
                        copy->cpy_hdr.nentries = remaining_entries;
                        copy->cpy_hdr.links.next = next_copy;
                        copy->cpy_hdr.links.prev = previous_prev;
@@ -6127,20 +9425,23 @@ start_overwrite:
                        copy->size = total_size;
                }
                vm_map_lock(dst_map);
-               while(TRUE) {
-                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, 
-                                                base_addr, &tmp_entry)) {
+               while (TRUE) {
+                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map,
+                           base_addr, &tmp_entry)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
-                       if (tmp_entry->in_transition) {
-                                       entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
-                                       vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
+                       if (tmp_entry->in_transition) {
+                               entry->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
+                               vm_map_entry_wait(dst_map, THREAD_UNINT);
                        } else {
                                break;
                        }
                }
-               vm_map_clip_start(dst_map, tmp_entry, vm_map_trunc_page(base_addr));
+               vm_map_clip_start(dst_map,
+                   tmp_entry,
+                   vm_map_trunc_page(base_addr,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map)));
 
                entry = tmp_entry;
        } /* while */
@@ -6148,90 +9449,368 @@ start_overwrite:
        /*
         *      Throw away the vm_map_copy object
         */
-       vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
+       if (discard_on_success) {
+               vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
+       }
 
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }/* vm_map_copy_overwrite */
 
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_copy_overwrite(
-       vm_map_t        dst_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t dst_addr,
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
-       boolean_t       interruptible)
+       vm_map_t        dst_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t dst_addr,
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
+       vm_map_size_t   copy_size,
+       boolean_t       interruptible)
 {
-       return vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(
-               dst_map, dst_addr, copy, interruptible, (pmap_t) NULL);
-}
-
+       vm_map_size_t   head_size, tail_size;
+       vm_map_copy_t   head_copy, tail_copy;
+       vm_map_offset_t head_addr, tail_addr;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       kern_return_t   kr;
+       vm_map_offset_t effective_page_mask, effective_page_size;
+       int             copy_page_shift;
+
+       head_size = 0;
+       tail_size = 0;
+       head_copy = NULL;
+       tail_copy = NULL;
+       head_addr = 0;
+       tail_addr = 0;
+
+       if (interruptible ||
+           copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL ||
+           copy->type != VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST) {
+               /*
+                * We can't split the "copy" map if we're interruptible
+                * or if we don't have a "copy" map...
+                */
+blunt_copy:
+               return vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(dst_map,
+                          dst_addr,
+                          copy,
+                          interruptible,
+                          (pmap_t) NULL,
+                          TRUE);
+       }
 
-/*
- *     Routine: vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned        [internal use only]
- *
- *     Decription:
- *     Physically copy unaligned data
- *
- *     Implementation:
- *     Unaligned parts of pages have to be physically copied.  We use
- *     a modified form of vm_fault_copy (which understands none-aligned
- *     page offsets and sizes) to do the copy.  We attempt to copy as
- *     much memory in one go as possibly, however vm_fault_copy copies
- *     within 1 memory object so we have to find the smaller of "amount left"
- *     "source object data size" and "target object data size".  With
- *     unaligned data we don't need to split regions, therefore the source
- *     (copy) object should be one map entry, the target range may be split
- *     over multiple map entries however.  In any event we are pessimistic
- *     about these assumptions.
- *
- *     Assumptions:
- *     dst_map is locked on entry and is return locked on success,
- *     unlocked on error.
- */
+       copy_page_shift = VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(copy);
+       if (copy_page_shift < PAGE_SHIFT ||
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(dst_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               goto blunt_copy;
+       }
 
-static kern_return_t
-vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
-       vm_map_t        dst_map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
-       vm_map_offset_t start)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t          copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
-       vm_map_version_t        version;
-       vm_object_t             dst_object;
-       vm_object_offset_t      dst_offset;
-       vm_object_offset_t      src_offset;
-       vm_object_offset_t      entry_offset;
-       vm_map_offset_t         entry_end;
-       vm_map_size_t           src_size,
-                               dst_size,
-                               copy_size,
-                               amount_left;
-       kern_return_t           kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(dst_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               effective_page_mask = VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map);
+       } else {
+               effective_page_mask = MAX(VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map), PAGE_MASK);
+               effective_page_mask = MAX(VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy),
+                   effective_page_mask);
+       }
+       effective_page_size = effective_page_mask + 1;
+
+       if (copy_size < VM_MAP_COPY_OVERWRITE_OPTIMIZATION_THRESHOLD_PAGES * effective_page_size) {
+               /*
+                * Too small to bother with optimizing...
+                */
+               goto blunt_copy;
+       }
+
+       if ((dst_addr & effective_page_mask) !=
+           (copy->offset & effective_page_mask)) {
+               /*
+                * Incompatible mis-alignment of source and destination...
+                */
+               goto blunt_copy;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Proper alignment or identical mis-alignment at the beginning.
+        * Let's try and do a small unaligned copy first (if needed)
+        * and then an aligned copy for the rest.
+        */
+       if (!vm_map_page_aligned(dst_addr, effective_page_mask)) {
+               head_addr = dst_addr;
+               head_size = (effective_page_size -
+                   (copy->offset & effective_page_mask));
+               head_size = MIN(head_size, copy_size);
+       }
+       if (!vm_map_page_aligned(copy->offset + copy_size,
+           effective_page_mask)) {
+               /*
+                * Mis-alignment at the end.
+                * Do an aligned copy up to the last page and
+                * then an unaligned copy for the remaining bytes.
+                */
+               tail_size = ((copy->offset + copy_size) &
+                   effective_page_mask);
+               tail_size = MIN(tail_size, copy_size);
+               tail_addr = dst_addr + copy_size - tail_size;
+               assert(tail_addr >= head_addr + head_size);
+       }
+       assert(head_size + tail_size <= copy_size);
+
+       if (head_size + tail_size == copy_size) {
+               /*
+                * It's all unaligned, no optimization possible...
+                */
+               goto blunt_copy;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Can't optimize if there are any submaps in the
+        * destination due to the way we free the "copy" map
+        * progressively in vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested()
+        * in that case.
+        */
+       vm_map_lock_read(dst_map);
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, dst_addr, &entry)) {
+               vm_map_unlock_read(dst_map);
+               goto blunt_copy;
+       }
+       for (;
+           (entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy) &&
+           entry->vme_start < dst_addr + copy_size);
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(dst_map);
+                       goto blunt_copy;
+               }
+       }
+       vm_map_unlock_read(dst_map);
+
+       if (head_size) {
+               /*
+                * Unaligned copy of the first "head_size" bytes, to reach
+                * a page boundary.
+                */
+
+               /*
+                * Extract "head_copy" out of "copy".
+                */
+               head_copy = vm_map_copy_allocate();
+               head_copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST;
+               head_copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable =
+                   copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable;
+               vm_map_store_init(&head_copy->cpy_hdr);
+               head_copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift = copy_page_shift;
+
+               entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
+               if (entry->vme_end < copy->offset + head_size) {
+                       head_size = entry->vme_end - copy->offset;
+               }
+
+               head_copy->offset = copy->offset;
+               head_copy->size = head_size;
+               copy->offset += head_size;
+               copy->size -= head_size;
+               copy_size -= head_size;
+               assert(copy_size > 0);
+
+               vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy, entry, copy->offset);
+               vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, entry);
+               vm_map_copy_entry_link(head_copy,
+                   vm_map_copy_to_entry(head_copy),
+                   entry);
+
+               /*
+                * Do the unaligned copy.
+                */
+               kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(dst_map,
+                   head_addr,
+                   head_copy,
+                   interruptible,
+                   (pmap_t) NULL,
+                   FALSE);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       goto done;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (tail_size) {
+               /*
+                * Extract "tail_copy" out of "copy".
+                */
+               tail_copy = vm_map_copy_allocate();
+               tail_copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST;
+               tail_copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable =
+                   copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable;
+               vm_map_store_init(&tail_copy->cpy_hdr);
+               tail_copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift = copy_page_shift;
+
+               tail_copy->offset = copy->offset + copy_size - tail_size;
+               tail_copy->size = tail_size;
+
+               copy->size -= tail_size;
+               copy_size -= tail_size;
+               assert(copy_size > 0);
+
+               entry = vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy);
+               vm_map_copy_clip_start(copy, entry, tail_copy->offset);
+               entry = vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy);
+               vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, entry);
+               vm_map_copy_entry_link(tail_copy,
+                   vm_map_copy_last_entry(tail_copy),
+                   entry);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * If we are here from ipc_kmsg_copyout_ool_descriptor(),
+        * we want to avoid TOCTOU issues w.r.t copy->size but
+        * we don't need to change vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested()
+        * and all other vm_map_copy_overwrite variants.
+        *
+        * So we assign the original copy_size that was passed into
+        * this routine back to copy.
+        *
+        * This use of local 'copy_size' passed into this routine is
+        * to try and protect against TOCTOU attacks where the kernel
+        * has been exploited. We don't expect this to be an issue
+        * during normal system operation.
+        */
+       assertf(copy->size == copy_size,
+           "Mismatch of copy sizes. Expected 0x%llx, Got 0x%llx\n", (uint64_t) copy_size, (uint64_t) copy->size);
+       copy->size = copy_size;
+
+       /*
+        * Copy most (or possibly all) of the data.
+        */
+       kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(dst_map,
+           dst_addr + head_size,
+           copy,
+           interruptible,
+           (pmap_t) NULL,
+           FALSE);
+       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               goto done;
+       }
+
+       if (tail_size) {
+               kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite_nested(dst_map,
+                   tail_addr,
+                   tail_copy,
+                   interruptible,
+                   (pmap_t) NULL,
+                   FALSE);
+       }
+
+done:
+       assert(copy->type == VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST);
+       if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               /*
+                * Discard all the copy maps.
+                */
+               if (head_copy) {
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(head_copy);
+                       head_copy = NULL;
+               }
+               vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
+               if (tail_copy) {
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(tail_copy);
+                       tail_copy = NULL;
+               }
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * Re-assemble the original copy map.
+                */
+               if (head_copy) {
+                       entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(head_copy);
+                       vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(head_copy, entry);
+                       vm_map_copy_entry_link(copy,
+                           vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy),
+                           entry);
+                       copy->offset -= head_size;
+                       copy->size += head_size;
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(head_copy);
+                       head_copy = NULL;
+               }
+               if (tail_copy) {
+                       entry = vm_map_copy_last_entry(tail_copy);
+                       vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(tail_copy, entry);
+                       vm_map_copy_entry_link(copy,
+                           vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy),
+                           entry);
+                       copy->size += tail_size;
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(tail_copy);
+                       tail_copy = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+       return kr;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *     Routine: vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned        [internal use only]
+ *
+ *     Decription:
+ *     Physically copy unaligned data
+ *
+ *     Implementation:
+ *     Unaligned parts of pages have to be physically copied.  We use
+ *     a modified form of vm_fault_copy (which understands none-aligned
+ *     page offsets and sizes) to do the copy.  We attempt to copy as
+ *     much memory in one go as possibly, however vm_fault_copy copies
+ *     within 1 memory object so we have to find the smaller of "amount left"
+ *     "source object data size" and "target object data size".  With
+ *     unaligned data we don't need to split regions, therefore the source
+ *     (copy) object should be one map entry, the target range may be split
+ *     over multiple map entries however.  In any event we are pessimistic
+ *     about these assumptions.
+ *
+ *     Assumptions:
+ *     dst_map is locked on entry and is return locked on success,
+ *     unlocked on error.
+ */
+
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
+       vm_map_t        dst_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry,
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       boolean_t       discard_on_success)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t          copy_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t          copy_entry_next;
+       vm_map_version_t        version;
+       vm_object_t             dst_object;
+       vm_object_offset_t      dst_offset;
+       vm_object_offset_t      src_offset;
+       vm_object_offset_t      entry_offset;
+       vm_map_offset_t         entry_end;
+       vm_map_size_t           src_size,
+           dst_size,
+           copy_size,
+           amount_left;
+       kern_return_t           kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+
+
+       copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
 
        vm_map_lock_write_to_read(dst_map);
 
-       src_offset = copy->offset - vm_object_trunc_page(copy->offset);
+       src_offset = copy->offset - trunc_page_mask_64(copy->offset, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy));
        amount_left = copy->size;
 /*
  *     unaligned so we never clipped this entry, we need the offset into
  *     the vm_object not just the data.
- */    
+ */
        while (amount_left > 0) {
-
                if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) {
                        vm_map_unlock_read(dst_map);
                        return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
 
                /* "start" must be within the current map entry */
-               assert ((start>=entry->vme_start) && (start<entry->vme_end));
+               assert((start >= entry->vme_start) && (start < entry->vme_end));
 
                dst_offset = start - entry->vme_start;
 
                dst_size = entry->vme_end - start;
 
                src_size = copy_entry->vme_end -
-                       (copy_entry->vme_start + src_offset);
+                   (copy_entry->vme_start + src_offset);
 
                if (dst_size < src_size) {
 /*
@@ -6255,33 +9834,32 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
  *             Copy on write region.
  */
                if (entry->needs_copy &&
-                   ((entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) != 0))
-               {
+                   ((entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) != 0)) {
                        if (vm_map_lock_read_to_write(dst_map)) {
                                vm_map_lock_read(dst_map);
                                goto RetryLookup;
                        }
-                       vm_object_shadow(&entry->object.vm_object,
-                                        &entry->offset,
-                                        (vm_map_size_t)(entry->vme_end
-                                                        - entry->vme_start));
+                       VME_OBJECT_SHADOW(entry,
+                           (vm_map_size_t)(entry->vme_end
+                           - entry->vme_start));
                        entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
                        vm_map_lock_write_to_read(dst_map);
                }
-               dst_object = entry->object.vm_object;
+               dst_object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
 /*
  *             unlike with the virtual (aligned) copy we're going
  *             to fault on it therefore we need a target object.
  */
-                if (dst_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+               if (dst_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                        if (vm_map_lock_read_to_write(dst_map)) {
                                vm_map_lock_read(dst_map);
                                goto RetryLookup;
                        }
                        dst_object = vm_object_allocate((vm_map_size_t)
-                                                       entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
-                       entry->object.vm_object = dst_object;
-                       entry->offset = 0;
+                           entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
+                       VME_OBJECT_SET(entry, dst_object);
+                       VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, 0);
+                       assert(entry->use_pmap);
                        vm_map_lock_write_to_read(dst_map);
                }
 /*
@@ -6290,15 +9868,15 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
  */
                vm_object_reference(dst_object);
                version.main_timestamp = dst_map->timestamp;
-               entry_offset = entry->offset;
+               entry_offset = VME_OFFSET(entry);
                entry_end = entry->vme_end;
                vm_map_unlock_read(dst_map);
 /*
  *             Copy as much as possible in one pass
  */
                kr = vm_fault_copy(
-                       copy_entry->object.vm_object,
-                       copy_entry->offset + src_offset,
+                       VME_OBJECT(copy_entry),
+                       VME_OFFSET(copy_entry) + src_offset,
                        &copy_size,
                        dst_object,
                        entry_offset + dst_offset,
@@ -6316,31 +9894,40 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
 /*
  *             If a hard error occurred, return it now
  */
-               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        return kr;
+               }
 
                if ((copy_entry->vme_start + src_offset) == copy_entry->vme_end
-                   || amount_left == 0)
-               {
+                   || amount_left == 0) {
 /*
  *                     all done with this copy entry, dispose.
  */
-                       vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, copy_entry);
-                       vm_object_deallocate(copy_entry->object.vm_object);
-                       vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy, copy_entry);
+                       copy_entry_next = copy_entry->vme_next;
+
+                       if (discard_on_success) {
+                               vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, copy_entry);
+                               assert(!copy_entry->is_sub_map);
+                               vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(copy_entry));
+                               vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy, copy_entry);
+                       }
 
-                       if ((copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy))
-                           == vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy) && amount_left) {
+                       if (copy_entry_next == vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy) &&
+                           amount_left) {
 /*
  *                             not finished copying but run out of source
  */
                                return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
+
+                       copy_entry = copy_entry_next;
+
                        src_offset = 0;
                }
 
-               if (amount_left == 0)
+               if (amount_left == 0) {
                        return KERN_SUCCESS;
+               }
 
                vm_map_lock_read(dst_map);
                if (version.main_timestamp == dst_map->timestamp) {
@@ -6357,7 +9944,7 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
  */
                                if (start != entry->vme_start) {
                                        vm_map_unlock_read(dst_map);
-                                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS ;
+                                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                                }
                        }
                } else {
@@ -6366,11 +9953,10 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
  *                     we must lookup the entry because somebody
  *                     might have changed the map behind our backs.
  */
-               RetryLookup:
-                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, start, &entry))
-                       {
+RetryLookup:
+                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, start, &entry)) {
                                vm_map_unlock_read(dst_map);
-                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS ;
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
                }
        }/* while */
@@ -6397,27 +9983,33 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_unaligned(
  *     to the above pass and make sure that no wiring is involved.
  */
 
+int vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned_src_not_internal = 0;
+int vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned_src_not_symmetric = 0;
+int vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned_src_large = 0;
+
 static kern_return_t
 vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
-       vm_map_t        dst_map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry,
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       __unused pmap_t pmap)
-{
-       vm_object_t     object;
-       vm_map_entry_t  copy_entry;
-       vm_map_size_t   copy_size;
-       vm_map_size_t   size;
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
-               
+       vm_map_t        dst_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry,
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       __unused pmap_t pmap)
+{
+       vm_object_t     object;
+       vm_map_entry_t  copy_entry;
+       vm_map_size_t   copy_size;
+       vm_map_size_t   size;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+
        while ((copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy))
-              != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy))
-       {
+           != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
                copy_size = (copy_entry->vme_end - copy_entry->vme_start);
-               
+
                entry = tmp_entry;
-               assert(!entry->use_pmap); /* unnested when clipped earlier */
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       /* unnested when clipped earlier */
+                       assert(!entry->use_pmap);
+               }
                if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
                        return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
@@ -6431,9 +10023,9 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
                 */
 
                if ((entry->vme_start != start) || ((entry->is_sub_map)
-                                                   && !entry->needs_copy)) {
+                   && !entry->needs_copy)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
                assert(entry != vm_map_to_entry(dst_map));
 
@@ -6441,9 +10033,9 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
                 *      Check protection again
                 */
 
-               if ( ! (entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
+               if (!(entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       return(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                }
 
                /*
@@ -6451,6 +10043,12 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
                 */
 
                if (copy_size < size) {
+                       if (entry->map_aligned &&
+                           !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(entry->vme_start + copy_size,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map))) {
+                               /* no longer map-aligned */
+                               entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+                       }
                        vm_map_clip_end(dst_map, entry, entry->vme_start + copy_size);
                        size = copy_size;
                }
@@ -6461,7 +10059,7 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
 
                if (size < copy_size) {
                        vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy, copy_entry,
-                                            copy_entry->vme_start + size);
+                           copy_entry->vme_start + size);
                        copy_size = size;
                }
 
@@ -6475,84 +10073,182 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
                 *      installing the source data.
                 */
 
-               object = entry->object.vm_object;
-               if ((!entry->is_shared && 
-                    ((object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) || 
-                     (object->internal && !object->true_share))) ||
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+               if ((!entry->is_shared &&
+                   ((object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) ||
+                   (object->internal && !object->true_share))) ||
                    entry->needs_copy) {
-                       vm_object_t     old_object = entry->object.vm_object;
-                       vm_object_offset_t      old_offset = entry->offset;
-                       vm_object_offset_t      offset;
+                       vm_object_t     old_object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+                       vm_object_offset_t      old_offset = VME_OFFSET(entry);
+                       vm_object_offset_t      offset;
 
                        /*
                         * Ensure that the source and destination aren't
                         * identical
                         */
-                       if (old_object == copy_entry->object.vm_object &&
-                           old_offset == copy_entry->offset) {
+                       if (old_object == VME_OBJECT(copy_entry) &&
+                           old_offset == VME_OFFSET(copy_entry)) {
                                vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, copy_entry);
                                vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy, copy_entry);
 
-                               if (old_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL)
+                               if (old_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                                        vm_object_deallocate(old_object);
+                               }
 
                                start = tmp_entry->vme_end;
                                tmp_entry = tmp_entry->vme_next;
                                continue;
                        }
 
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+#define __TRADEOFF1_OBJ_SIZE (64 * 1024 * 1024) /* 64 MB */
+#define __TRADEOFF1_COPY_SIZE (128 * 1024)      /* 128 KB */
+                       if (VME_OBJECT(copy_entry) != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                           VME_OBJECT(copy_entry)->vo_size >= __TRADEOFF1_OBJ_SIZE &&
+                           copy_size <= __TRADEOFF1_COPY_SIZE) {
+                               /*
+                                * Virtual vs. Physical copy tradeoff #1.
+                                *
+                                * Copying only a few pages out of a large
+                                * object:  do a physical copy instead of
+                                * a virtual copy, to avoid possibly keeping
+                                * the entire large object alive because of
+                                * those few copy-on-write pages.
+                                */
+                               vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned_src_large++;
+                               goto slow_copy;
+                       }
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+
+                       if ((dst_map->pmap != kernel_pmap) &&
+                           (VME_ALIAS(entry) >= VM_MEMORY_MALLOC) &&
+                           (VME_ALIAS(entry) <= VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_MEDIUM)) {
+                               vm_object_t new_object, new_shadow;
+
+                               /*
+                                * We're about to map something over a mapping
+                                * established by malloc()...
+                                */
+                               new_object = VME_OBJECT(copy_entry);
+                               if (new_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                                       vm_object_lock_shared(new_object);
+                               }
+                               while (new_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+                                   !new_object->true_share &&
+                                   new_object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC &&
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+                                   new_object->internal) {
+                                       new_shadow = new_object->shadow;
+                                       if (new_shadow == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       vm_object_lock_shared(new_shadow);
+                                       vm_object_unlock(new_object);
+                                       new_object = new_shadow;
+                               }
+                               if (new_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                                       if (!new_object->internal) {
+                                               /*
+                                                * The new mapping is backed
+                                                * by an external object.  We
+                                                * don't want malloc'ed memory
+                                                * to be replaced with such a
+                                                * non-anonymous mapping, so
+                                                * let's go off the optimized
+                                                * path...
+                                                */
+                                               vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned_src_not_internal++;
+                                               vm_object_unlock(new_object);
+                                               goto slow_copy;
+                                       }
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+                                       if (new_object->true_share ||
+                                           new_object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
+                                               /*
+                                                * Same if there's a "true_share"
+                                                * object in the shadow chain, or
+                                                * an object with a non-default
+                                                * (SYMMETRIC) copy strategy.
+                                                */
+                                               vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned_src_not_symmetric++;
+                                               vm_object_unlock(new_object);
+                                               goto slow_copy;
+                                       }
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+                                       vm_object_unlock(new_object);
+                               }
+                               /*
+                                * The new mapping is still backed by
+                                * anonymous (internal) memory, so it's
+                                * OK to substitute it for the original
+                                * malloc() mapping.
+                                */
+                       }
+
                        if (old_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                               if(entry->is_sub_map) {
-                                       if(entry->use_pmap) {
+                               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                                       if (entry->use_pmap) {
 #ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP
-                                               pmap_unnest(dst_map->pmap, 
-                                                           (addr64_t)entry->vme_start,
-                                                           entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
-#endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
-                                               if(dst_map->mapped) {
+                                               pmap_unnest(dst_map->pmap,
+                                                   (addr64_t)entry->vme_start,
+                                                   entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
+#endif  /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
+                                               if (dst_map->mapped_in_other_pmaps) {
                                                        /* clean up parent */
                                                        /* map/maps */
                                                        vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
                                                                dst_map, entry->vme_start,
                                                                entry->vme_end,
-                                                               entry->object.sub_map,
-                                                               entry->offset);
+                                                               VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                                                               VME_OFFSET(entry));
                                                }
                                        } else {
                                                vm_map_submap_pmap_clean(
-                                                       dst_map, entry->vme_start, 
+                                                       dst_map, entry->vme_start,
                                                        entry->vme_end,
-                                                       entry->object.sub_map,
-                                                       entry->offset);
+                                                       VME_SUBMAP(entry),
+                                                       VME_OFFSET(entry));
                                        }
-                                       vm_map_deallocate(
-                                               entry->object.sub_map);
-                               } else {
-                                       if(dst_map->mapped) {
-                                               vm_object_pmap_protect(
-                                                       entry->object.vm_object,
-                                                       entry->offset,
-                                                       entry->vme_end 
+                                       vm_map_deallocate(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+                               } else {
+                                       if (dst_map->mapped_in_other_pmaps) {
+                                               vm_object_pmap_protect_options(
+                                                       VME_OBJECT(entry),
+                                                       VME_OFFSET(entry),
+                                                       entry->vme_end
                                                        - entry->vme_start,
                                                        PMAP_NULL,
+                                                       PAGE_SIZE,
                                                        entry->vme_start,
-                                                       VM_PROT_NONE);
+                                                       VM_PROT_NONE,
+                                                       PMAP_OPTIONS_REMOVE);
                                        } else {
-                                               pmap_remove(dst_map->pmap, 
-                                                           (addr64_t)(entry->vme_start), 
-                                                           (addr64_t)(entry->vme_end));
+                                               pmap_remove_options(
+                                                       dst_map->pmap,
+                                                       (addr64_t)(entry->vme_start),
+                                                       (addr64_t)(entry->vme_end),
+                                                       PMAP_OPTIONS_REMOVE);
                                        }
                                        vm_object_deallocate(old_object);
-                               }
+                               }
                        }
 
+                       if (entry->iokit_acct) {
+                               /* keep using iokit accounting */
+                               entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+                       } else {
+                               /* use pmap accounting */
+                               entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+                       }
                        entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
-                       entry->object = copy_entry->object;
-                       object = entry->object.vm_object;
+                       VME_OBJECT_SET(entry, VME_OBJECT(copy_entry));
+                       object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
                        entry->needs_copy = copy_entry->needs_copy;
                        entry->wired_count = 0;
                        entry->user_wired_count = 0;
-                       offset = entry->offset = copy_entry->offset;
+                       offset = VME_OFFSET(copy_entry);
+                       VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, offset);
 
                        vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, copy_entry);
                        vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy, copy_entry);
@@ -6577,10 +10273,21 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
                        start = tmp_entry->vme_end;
                        tmp_entry = tmp_entry->vme_next;
                } else {
-                       vm_map_version_t        version;
-                       vm_object_t             dst_object = entry->object.vm_object;
-                       vm_object_offset_t      dst_offset = entry->offset;
-                       kern_return_t           r;
+                       vm_map_version_t        version;
+                       vm_object_t             dst_object;
+                       vm_object_offset_t      dst_offset;
+                       kern_return_t           r;
+
+slow_copy:
+                       if (entry->needs_copy) {
+                               VME_OBJECT_SHADOW(entry,
+                                   (entry->vme_end -
+                                   entry->vme_start));
+                               entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
+                       }
+
+                       dst_object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+                       dst_offset = VME_OFFSET(entry);
 
                        /*
                         *      Take an object reference, and record
@@ -6588,6 +10295,27 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
                         *      map can be safely unlocked.
                         */
 
+                       if (dst_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                               /*
+                                * We would usually have just taken the
+                                * optimized path above if the destination
+                                * object has not been allocated yet.  But we
+                                * now disable that optimization if the copy
+                                * entry's object is not backed by anonymous
+                                * memory to avoid replacing malloc'ed
+                                * (i.e. re-usable) anonymous memory with a
+                                * not-so-anonymous mapping.
+                                * So we have to handle this case here and
+                                * allocate a new VM object for this map entry.
+                                */
+                               dst_object = vm_object_allocate(
+                                       entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start);
+                               dst_offset = 0;
+                               VME_OBJECT_SET(entry, dst_object);
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, dst_offset);
+                               assert(entry->use_pmap);
+                       }
+
                        vm_object_reference(dst_object);
 
                        /* account for unlock bumping up timestamp */
@@ -6601,8 +10329,8 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
 
                        copy_size = size;
                        r = vm_fault_copy(
-                               copy_entry->object.vm_object,
-                               copy_entry->offset,
+                               VME_OBJECT(copy_entry),
+                               VME_OFFSET(copy_entry),
                                &copy_size,
                                dst_object,
                                dst_offset,
@@ -6620,8 +10348,9 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
                         *      If a hard error occurred, return it now
                         */
 
-                       if (r != KERN_SUCCESS)
-                               return(r);
+                       if (r != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               return r;
+                       }
 
                        if (copy_size != 0) {
                                /*
@@ -6629,9 +10358,9 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
                                 */
 
                                vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy, copy_entry,
-                                                    copy_entry->vme_start + copy_size);
+                                   copy_entry->vme_start + copy_size);
                                vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, copy_entry);
-                               vm_object_deallocate(copy_entry->object.vm_object);
+                               vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(copy_entry));
                                vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy, copy_entry);
                        }
 
@@ -6644,9 +10373,17 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
 
                        start += copy_size;
                        vm_map_lock(dst_map);
-                       if (version.main_timestamp == dst_map->timestamp) {
+                       if (version.main_timestamp == dst_map->timestamp &&
+                           copy_size != 0) {
                                /* We can safely use saved tmp_entry value */
 
+                               if (tmp_entry->map_aligned &&
+                                   !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(
+                                           start,
+                                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map))) {
+                                       /* no longer map-aligned */
+                                       tmp_entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+                               }
                                vm_map_clip_end(dst_map, tmp_entry, start);
                                tmp_entry = tmp_entry->vme_next;
                        } else {
@@ -6654,14 +10391,21 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
 
                                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
                                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+                               }
+                               if (tmp_entry->map_aligned &&
+                                   !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(
+                                           start,
+                                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map))) {
+                                       /* no longer map-aligned */
+                                       tmp_entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
                                }
                                vm_map_clip_start(dst_map, tmp_entry, start);
                        }
                }
        }/* while */
 
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }/* vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned */
 
 /*
@@ -6676,45 +10420,49 @@ vm_map_copy_overwrite_aligned(
  */
 static kern_return_t
 vm_map_copyin_kernel_buffer(
-       vm_map_t        src_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t src_addr,
-       vm_map_size_t   len,
-       boolean_t       src_destroy,
-       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result)
+       vm_map_t        src_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t src_addr,
+       vm_map_size_t   len,
+       boolean_t       src_destroy,
+       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result)
 {
        kern_return_t kr;
        vm_map_copy_t copy;
-       vm_size_t kalloc_size;
 
-       if ((vm_size_t) len != len) {
-               /* "len" is too big and doesn't fit in a "vm_size_t" */
-               return KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
+       if (len > msg_ool_size_small) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
-       kalloc_size = (vm_size_t) (sizeof(struct vm_map_copy) + len);
-       assert((vm_map_size_t) kalloc_size == sizeof (struct vm_map_copy) + len);
 
-       copy = (vm_map_copy_t) kalloc(kalloc_size);
+       copy = zalloc_flags(vm_map_copy_zone, Z_WAITOK | Z_ZERO);
        if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
                return KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
        }
+       copy->cpy_kdata = kheap_alloc(KHEAP_DATA_BUFFERS, len, Z_WAITOK);
+       if (copy->cpy_kdata == NULL) {
+               zfree(vm_map_copy_zone, copy);
+               return KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
+       }
+
        copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_KERNEL_BUFFER;
        copy->size = len;
        copy->offset = 0;
-       copy->cpy_kdata = (void *) (copy + 1);
-       copy->cpy_kalloc_size = kalloc_size;
 
-       kr = copyinmap(src_map, src_addr, copy->cpy_kdata, (vm_size_t) len);
+       kr = copyinmap(src_map, src_addr, copy->cpy_kdata, (vm_size_t)len);
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-               kfree(copy, kalloc_size);
+               kheap_free(KHEAP_DATA_BUFFERS, copy->cpy_kdata, len);
+               zfree(vm_map_copy_zone, copy);
                return kr;
        }
        if (src_destroy) {
-               (void) vm_map_remove(src_map, vm_map_trunc_page(src_addr), 
-                                    vm_map_round_page(src_addr + len),
-                                    VM_MAP_REMOVE_INTERRUPTIBLE |
-                                    VM_MAP_REMOVE_WAIT_FOR_KWIRE |
-                                    (src_map == kernel_map) ?
-                                    VM_MAP_REMOVE_KUNWIRE : 0);
+               (void) vm_map_remove(
+                       src_map,
+                       vm_map_trunc_page(src_addr,
+                       VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)),
+                       vm_map_round_page(src_addr + len,
+                       VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)),
+                       (VM_MAP_REMOVE_INTERRUPTIBLE |
+                       VM_MAP_REMOVE_WAIT_FOR_KWIRE |
+                       ((src_map == kernel_map) ? VM_MAP_REMOVE_KUNWIRE : VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_FLAGS)));
        }
        *copy_result = copy;
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
@@ -6734,50 +10482,68 @@ vm_map_copyin_kernel_buffer(
 static int vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer_failures = 0;
 static kern_return_t
 vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_address_t        *addr,  /* IN/OUT */
-       vm_map_copy_t           copy,
-       boolean_t               overwrite)
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_address_t        *addr,  /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_copy_t           copy,
+       vm_map_size_t           copy_size,
+       boolean_t               overwrite,
+       boolean_t               consume_on_success)
 {
        kern_return_t kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
        thread_t thread = current_thread();
 
-       if (!overwrite) {
+       assert(copy->size == copy_size);
+
+       /*
+        * check for corrupted vm_map_copy structure
+        */
+       if (copy_size > msg_ool_size_small || copy->offset) {
+               panic("Invalid vm_map_copy_t sz:%lld, ofst:%lld",
+                   (long long)copy->size, (long long)copy->offset);
+       }
 
+       if (!overwrite) {
                /*
                 * Allocate space in the target map for the data
                 */
                *addr = 0;
-               kr = vm_map_enter(map, 
-                                 addr, 
-                                 vm_map_round_page(copy->size),
-                                 (vm_map_offset_t) 0, 
-                                 VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE,
-                                 VM_OBJECT_NULL, 
-                                 (vm_object_offset_t) 0, 
-                                 FALSE,
-                                 VM_PROT_DEFAULT, 
-                                 VM_PROT_ALL,
-                                 VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
-               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
+               kr = vm_map_enter(map,
+                   addr,
+                   vm_map_round_page(copy_size,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
+                   (vm_map_offset_t) 0,
+                   VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE,
+                   VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                   VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE,
+                   VM_OBJECT_NULL,
+                   (vm_object_offset_t) 0,
+                   FALSE,
+                   VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
+                   VM_PROT_ALL,
+                   VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        return kr;
+               }
+#if KASAN
+               if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+                       kasan_notify_address(*addr, copy->size);
+               }
+#endif
        }
 
        /*
         * Copyout the data from the kernel buffer to the target map.
-        */     
+        */
        if (thread->map == map) {
-       
                /*
                 * If the target map is the current map, just do
                 * the copy.
                 */
-               assert((vm_size_t) copy->size == copy->size);
-               if (copyout(copy->cpy_kdata, *addr, (vm_size_t) copy->size)) {
+               assert((vm_size_t)copy_size == copy_size);
+               if (copyout(copy->cpy_kdata, *addr, (vm_size_t)copy_size)) {
                        kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
-       }
-       else {
+       } else {
                vm_map_t oldmap;
 
                /*
@@ -6788,12 +10554,12 @@ vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(
                vm_map_reference(map);
                oldmap = vm_map_switch(map);
 
-               assert((vm_size_t) copy->size == copy->size);
-               if (copyout(copy->cpy_kdata, *addr, (vm_size_t) copy->size)) {
+               assert((vm_size_t)copy_size == copy_size);
+               if (copyout(copy->cpy_kdata, *addr, (vm_size_t)copy_size)) {
                        vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer_failures++;
                        kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
-       
+
                (void) vm_map_switch(oldmap);
                vm_map_deallocate(map);
        }
@@ -6804,48 +10570,166 @@ vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(
                        /*
                         * Deallocate the space we allocated in the target map.
                         */
-                       (void) vm_map_remove(map,
-                                            vm_map_trunc_page(*addr),
-                                            vm_map_round_page(*addr +
-                                                              vm_map_round_page(copy->size)),
-                                            VM_MAP_NO_FLAGS);
+                       (void) vm_map_remove(
+                               map,
+                               vm_map_trunc_page(*addr,
+                               VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
+                               vm_map_round_page((*addr +
+                               vm_map_round_page(copy_size,
+                               VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map))),
+                               VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
+                               VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_FLAGS);
                        *addr = 0;
                }
        } else {
                /* copy was successful, dicard the copy structure */
-               kfree(copy, copy->cpy_kalloc_size);
+               if (consume_on_success) {
+                       kheap_free(KHEAP_DATA_BUFFERS, copy->cpy_kdata, copy_size);
+                       zfree(vm_map_copy_zone, copy);
+               }
        }
 
        return kr;
 }
-               
+
 /*
- *     Macro:          vm_map_copy_insert
- *     
+ *     Routine:        vm_map_copy_insert      [internal use only]
+ *
  *     Description:
  *             Link a copy chain ("copy") into a map at the
  *             specified location (after "where").
  *     Side effects:
  *             The copy chain is destroyed.
- *     Warning:
- *             The arguments are evaluated multiple times.
  */
-#define        vm_map_copy_insert(map, where, copy)                            \
-MACRO_BEGIN                                                            \
-       vm_map_t VMCI_map;                                              \
-       vm_map_entry_t VMCI_where;                                      \
-       vm_map_copy_t VMCI_copy;                                        \
-       VMCI_map = (map);                                               \
-       VMCI_where = (where);                                           \
-       VMCI_copy = (copy);                                             \
-       ((VMCI_where->vme_next)->vme_prev = vm_map_copy_last_entry(VMCI_copy))\
-               ->vme_next = (VMCI_where->vme_next);                    \
-       ((VMCI_where)->vme_next = vm_map_copy_first_entry(VMCI_copy))   \
-               ->vme_prev = VMCI_where;                                \
-       VMCI_map->hdr.nentries += VMCI_copy->cpy_hdr.nentries;          \
-       UPDATE_FIRST_FREE(VMCI_map, VMCI_map->first_free);              \
-       zfree(vm_map_copy_zone, VMCI_copy);                             \
-MACRO_END
+static void
+vm_map_copy_insert(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  after_where,
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+
+       while (vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy) != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
+               entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
+               vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy, entry);
+               vm_map_store_entry_link(map, after_where, entry,
+                   VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE);
+               after_where = entry;
+       }
+       zfree(vm_map_copy_zone, copy);
+}
+
+void
+vm_map_copy_remap(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  where,
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy,
+       vm_map_offset_t adjustment,
+       vm_prot_t       cur_prot,
+       vm_prot_t       max_prot,
+       vm_inherit_t    inheritance)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  copy_entry, new_entry;
+
+       for (copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
+           copy_entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
+           copy_entry = copy_entry->vme_next) {
+               /* get a new VM map entry for the map */
+               new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(map,
+                   !map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+               /* copy the "copy entry" to the new entry */
+               vm_map_entry_copy(map, new_entry, copy_entry);
+               /* adjust "start" and "end" */
+               new_entry->vme_start += adjustment;
+               new_entry->vme_end += adjustment;
+               /* clear some attributes */
+               new_entry->inheritance = inheritance;
+               new_entry->protection = cur_prot;
+               new_entry->max_protection = max_prot;
+               new_entry->behavior = VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT;
+               /* take an extra reference on the entry's "object" */
+               if (new_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       assert(!new_entry->use_pmap); /* not nested */
+                       vm_map_lock(VME_SUBMAP(new_entry));
+                       vm_map_reference(VME_SUBMAP(new_entry));
+                       vm_map_unlock(VME_SUBMAP(new_entry));
+               } else {
+                       vm_object_reference(VME_OBJECT(new_entry));
+               }
+               /* insert the new entry in the map */
+               vm_map_store_entry_link(map, where, new_entry,
+                   VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE);
+               /* continue inserting the "copy entries" after the new entry */
+               where = new_entry;
+       }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Returns true if *size matches (or is in the range of) copy->size.
+ * Upon returning true, the *size field is updated with the actual size of the
+ * copy object (may be different for VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST types)
+ */
+boolean_t
+vm_map_copy_validate_size(
+       vm_map_t                dst_map,
+       vm_map_copy_t           copy,
+       vm_map_size_t           *size)
+{
+       if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+       vm_map_size_t copy_sz = copy->size;
+       vm_map_size_t sz = *size;
+       switch (copy->type) {
+       case VM_MAP_COPY_OBJECT:
+       case VM_MAP_COPY_KERNEL_BUFFER:
+               if (sz == copy_sz) {
+                       return TRUE;
+               }
+               break;
+       case VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST:
+               /*
+                * potential page-size rounding prevents us from exactly
+                * validating this flavor of vm_map_copy, but we can at least
+                * assert that it's within a range.
+                */
+               if (copy_sz >= sz &&
+                   copy_sz <= vm_map_round_page(sz, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map))) {
+                       *size = copy_sz;
+                       return TRUE;
+               }
+               break;
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+       return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ *     Routine:        vm_map_copyout_size
+ *
+ *     Description:
+ *             Copy out a copy chain ("copy") into newly-allocated
+ *             space in the destination map. Uses a prevalidated
+ *             size for the copy object (vm_map_copy_validate_size).
+ *
+ *             If successful, consumes the copy object.
+ *             Otherwise, the caller is responsible for it.
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_copyout_size(
+       vm_map_t                dst_map,
+       vm_map_address_t        *dst_addr,      /* OUT */
+       vm_map_copy_t           copy,
+       vm_map_size_t           copy_size)
+{
+       return vm_map_copyout_internal(dst_map, dst_addr, copy, copy_size,
+                  TRUE,                     /* consume_on_success */
+                  VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
+                  VM_PROT_ALL,
+                  VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
+}
 
 /*
  *     Routine:        vm_map_copyout
@@ -6859,25 +10743,55 @@ MACRO_END
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_copyout(
-       vm_map_t                dst_map,
-       vm_map_address_t        *dst_addr,      /* OUT */
-       vm_map_copy_t           copy)
+       vm_map_t                dst_map,
+       vm_map_address_t        *dst_addr,      /* OUT */
+       vm_map_copy_t           copy)
 {
-       vm_map_size_t           size;
-       vm_map_size_t           adjustment;
-       vm_map_offset_t         start;
-       vm_object_offset_t      vm_copy_start;
-       vm_map_entry_t          last;
-       register
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       return vm_map_copyout_internal(dst_map, dst_addr, copy, copy ? copy->size : 0,
+                  TRUE,                     /* consume_on_success */
+                  VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
+                  VM_PROT_ALL,
+                  VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
+}
 
-       /*
-        *      Check for null copy object.
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_copyout_internal(
+       vm_map_t                dst_map,
+       vm_map_address_t        *dst_addr,      /* OUT */
+       vm_map_copy_t           copy,
+       vm_map_size_t           copy_size,
+       boolean_t               consume_on_success,
+       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
+{
+       vm_map_size_t           size;
+       vm_map_size_t           adjustment;
+       vm_map_offset_t         start;
+       vm_object_offset_t      vm_copy_start;
+       vm_map_entry_t          last;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t          hole_entry;
+       vm_map_copy_t           original_copy;
+
+       /*
+        *      Check for null copy object.
         */
 
        if (copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
                *dst_addr = 0;
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Assert that the vm_map_copy is coming from the right
+        * zone and hasn't been forged
+        */
+       vm_map_copy_require(copy);
+
+       if (copy->size != copy_size) {
+               *dst_addr = 0;
+               return KERN_FAILURE;
        }
 
        /*
@@ -6886,25 +10800,32 @@ vm_map_copyout(
         */
 
        if (copy->type == VM_MAP_COPY_OBJECT) {
-               vm_object_t             object = copy->cpy_object;
-               kern_return_t           kr;
-               vm_object_offset_t      offset;
+               vm_object_t             object = copy->cpy_object;
+               kern_return_t           kr;
+               vm_object_offset_t      offset;
 
                offset = vm_object_trunc_page(copy->offset);
-               size = vm_map_round_page(copy->size + 
-                                        (vm_map_size_t)(copy->offset - offset));
+               size = vm_map_round_page((copy_size +
+                   (vm_map_size_t)(copy->offset -
+                   offset)),
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map));
                *dst_addr = 0;
                kr = vm_map_enter(dst_map, dst_addr, size,
-                                 (vm_map_offset_t) 0, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE,
-                                 object, offset, FALSE,
-                                 VM_PROT_DEFAULT, VM_PROT_ALL,
-                                 VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
-               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
-                       return(kr);
+                   (vm_map_offset_t) 0, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE,
+                   VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                   VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE,
+                   object, offset, FALSE,
+                   VM_PROT_DEFAULT, VM_PROT_ALL,
+                   VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       return kr;
+               }
                /* Account for non-pagealigned copy object */
                *dst_addr += (vm_map_offset_t)(copy->offset - offset);
-               zfree(vm_map_copy_zone, copy);
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+               if (consume_on_success) {
+                       zfree(vm_map_copy_zone, copy);
+               }
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
 
        /*
@@ -6913,49 +10834,159 @@ vm_map_copyout(
         */
 
        if (copy->type == VM_MAP_COPY_KERNEL_BUFFER) {
-               return(vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(dst_map, dst_addr, 
-                                                   copy, FALSE));
+               return vm_map_copyout_kernel_buffer(dst_map, dst_addr,
+                          copy, copy_size, FALSE,
+                          consume_on_success);
+       }
+
+       original_copy = copy;
+       if (copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift != VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(dst_map)) {
+               kern_return_t kr;
+               vm_map_copy_t target_copy;
+               vm_map_offset_t overmap_start, overmap_end, trimmed_start;
+
+               target_copy = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("adjusting...\n");
+               kr = vm_map_copy_adjust_to_target(
+                       copy,
+                       0, /* offset */
+                       copy->size, /* size */
+                       dst_map,
+                       TRUE, /* copy */
+                       &target_copy,
+                       &overmap_start,
+                       &overmap_end,
+                       &trimmed_start);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       DEBUG4K_COPY("adjust failed 0x%x\n", kr);
+                       return kr;
+               }
+               DEBUG4K_COPY("copy %p (%d 0x%llx 0x%llx) dst_map %p (%d) target_copy %p (%d 0x%llx 0x%llx) overmap_start 0x%llx overmap_end 0x%llx trimmed_start 0x%llx\n", copy, copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift, copy->offset, (uint64_t)copy->size, dst_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(dst_map), target_copy, target_copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift, target_copy->offset, (uint64_t)target_copy->size, (uint64_t)overmap_start, (uint64_t)overmap_end, (uint64_t)trimmed_start);
+               if (target_copy != copy) {
+                       copy = target_copy;
+               }
+               copy_size = copy->size;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Find space for the data
         */
 
-       vm_copy_start = vm_object_trunc_page(copy->offset);
-       size =  vm_map_round_page((vm_map_size_t)copy->offset + copy->size) 
-               - vm_copy_start;
+       vm_copy_start = vm_map_trunc_page((vm_map_size_t)copy->offset,
+           VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy));
+       size = vm_map_round_page((vm_map_size_t)copy->offset + copy_size,
+           VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy))
+           - vm_copy_start;
+
 
-StartAgain: ;
+StartAgain:;
 
        vm_map_lock(dst_map);
-       assert(first_free_is_valid(dst_map));
-       start = ((last = dst_map->first_free) == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) ?
-               vm_map_min(dst_map) : last->vme_end;
+       if (dst_map->disable_vmentry_reuse == TRUE) {
+               VM_MAP_HIGHEST_ENTRY(dst_map, entry, start);
+               last = entry;
+       } else {
+               if (dst_map->holelistenabled) {
+                       hole_entry = CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(dst_map->holes_list);
+
+                       if (hole_entry == NULL) {
+                               /*
+                                * No more space in the map?
+                                */
+                               vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
+                               return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                       }
+
+                       last = hole_entry;
+                       start = last->vme_start;
+               } else {
+                       assert(first_free_is_valid(dst_map));
+                       start = ((last = dst_map->first_free) == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) ?
+                           vm_map_min(dst_map) : last->vme_end;
+               }
+               start = vm_map_round_page(start,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map));
+       }
 
        while (TRUE) {
-               vm_map_entry_t  next = last->vme_next;
-               vm_map_offset_t end = start + size;
+               vm_map_entry_t  next = last->vme_next;
+               vm_map_offset_t end = start + size;
 
                if ((end > dst_map->max_offset) || (end < start)) {
                        if (dst_map->wait_for_space) {
                                if (size <= (dst_map->max_offset - dst_map->min_offset)) {
                                        assert_wait((event_t) dst_map,
-                                                   THREAD_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+                                           THREAD_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
                                        thread_block(THREAD_CONTINUE_NULL);
                                        goto StartAgain;
                                }
                        }
                        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
-                       return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
                }
 
-               if ((next == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) ||
-                   (next->vme_start >= end))
-                       break;
+               if (dst_map->holelistenabled) {
+                       if (last->vme_end >= end) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       /*
+                        *      If there are no more entries, we must win.
+                        *
+                        *      OR
+                        *
+                        *      If there is another entry, it must be
+                        *      after the end of the potential new region.
+                        */
+
+                       if (next == vm_map_to_entry(dst_map)) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       if (next->vme_start >= end) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
 
                last = next;
-               start = last->vme_end;
+
+               if (dst_map->holelistenabled) {
+                       if (last == CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(dst_map->holes_list)) {
+                               /*
+                                * Wrapped around
+                                */
+                               vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
+                               return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                       }
+                       start = last->vme_start;
+               } else {
+                       start = last->vme_end;
+               }
+               start = vm_map_round_page(start,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map));
+       }
+
+       if (dst_map->holelistenabled) {
+               if (vm_map_lookup_entry(dst_map, last->vme_start, &last)) {
+                       panic("Found an existing entry (%p) instead of potential hole at address: 0x%llx.\n", last, (unsigned long long)last->vme_start);
+               }
+       }
+
+
+       adjustment = start - vm_copy_start;
+       if (!consume_on_success) {
+               /*
+                * We're not allowed to consume "copy", so we'll have to
+                * copy its map entries into the destination map below.
+                * No need to re-allocate map entries from the correct
+                * (pageable or not) zone, since we'll get new map entries
+                * during the transfer.
+                * We'll also adjust the map entries's "start" and "end"
+                * during the transfer, to keep "copy"'s entries consistent
+                * with its "offset".
+                */
+               goto after_adjustments;
        }
 
        /*
@@ -6969,38 +11000,39 @@ StartAgain: ;
                 * Mismatches occur when dealing with the default
                 * pager.
                 */
-               zone_t          old_zone;
-               vm_map_entry_t  next, new;
+               zone_t          old_zone;
+               vm_map_entry_t  next, new;
 
                /*
                 * Find the zone that the copies were allocated from
                 */
-               old_zone = (copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable)
-                       ? vm_map_entry_zone
-                       : vm_map_kentry_zone;
+
                entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
 
                /*
                 * Reinitialize the copy so that vm_map_copy_entry_link
                 * will work.
                 */
-               copy->cpy_hdr.nentries = 0;
+               vm_map_store_copy_reset(copy, entry);
                copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable = dst_map->hdr.entries_pageable;
-               vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy) =
-                       vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy) =
-                       vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
 
                /*
                 * Copy each entry.
                 */
                while (entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
-                       new = vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy);
+                       new = vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy, !copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable);
                        vm_map_entry_copy_full(new, entry);
-                       new->use_pmap = FALSE;  /* clr address space specifics */
+                       new->vme_no_copy_on_read = FALSE;
+                       assert(!new->iokit_acct);
+                       if (new->is_sub_map) {
+                               /* clr address space specifics */
+                               new->use_pmap = FALSE;
+                       }
                        vm_map_copy_entry_link(copy,
-                                              vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy),
-                                              new);
+                           vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy),
+                           new);
                        next = entry->vme_next;
+                       old_zone = entry->from_reserved_zone ? vm_map_entry_reserved_zone : vm_map_entry_zone;
                        zfree(old_zone, entry);
                        entry = next;
                }
@@ -7011,13 +11043,29 @@ StartAgain: ;
         *      reset the region attributes.
         */
 
-       adjustment = start - vm_copy_start;
        for (entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
-            entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
-            entry = entry->vme_next) {
+           entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(dst_map) == PAGE_SHIFT) {
+                       /*
+                        * We're injecting this copy entry into a map that
+                        * has the standard page alignment, so clear
+                        * "map_aligned" (which might have been inherited
+                        * from the original map entry).
+                        */
+                       entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+               }
+
                entry->vme_start += adjustment;
                entry->vme_end += adjustment;
 
+               if (entry->map_aligned) {
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(entry->vme_start,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map)));
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(entry->vme_end,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(dst_map)));
+               }
+
                entry->inheritance = VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT;
                entry->protection = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;
                entry->max_protection = VM_PROT_ALL;
@@ -7028,23 +11076,27 @@ StartAgain: ;
                 * map the pages into the destination map.
                 */
                if (entry->wired_count != 0) {
-                       register vm_map_offset_t va;
-                       vm_object_offset_t       offset;
-                       register vm_object_t object;
+                       vm_map_offset_t va;
+                       vm_object_offset_t       offset;
+                       vm_object_t object;
                        vm_prot_t prot;
-                       int     type_of_fault;
+                       int     type_of_fault;
 
-                       object = entry->object.vm_object;
-                       offset = entry->offset;
+                       /* TODO4K would need to use actual page size */
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(dst_map) == PAGE_SHIFT);
+
+                       object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+                       offset = VME_OFFSET(entry);
                        va = entry->vme_start;
 
                        pmap_pageable(dst_map->pmap,
-                                     entry->vme_start,
-                                     entry->vme_end,
-                                     TRUE);
+                           entry->vme_start,
+                           entry->vme_end,
+                           TRUE);
 
                        while (va < entry->vme_end) {
-                               register vm_page_t      m;
+                               vm_page_t       m;
+                               struct vm_object_fault_info fault_info = {};
 
                                /*
                                 * Look up the page in the object.
@@ -7067,29 +11119,38 @@ StartAgain: ;
 
                                m = vm_page_lookup(object, offset);
                                if (m == VM_PAGE_NULL || !VM_PAGE_WIRED(m) ||
-                                   m->absent)
+                                   m->vmp_absent) {
                                        panic("vm_map_copyout: wiring %p", m);
-
-                               /*
-                                * ENCRYPTED SWAP:
-                                * The page is assumed to be wired here, so it
-                                * shouldn't be encrypted.  Otherwise, we
-                                * couldn't enter it in the page table, since
-                                * we don't want the user to see the encrypted
-                                * data.
-                                */
-                               ASSERT_PAGE_DECRYPTED(m);
+                               }
 
                                prot = entry->protection;
 
-                               if (override_nx(dst_map, entry->alias) && prot)
-                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               if (override_nx(dst_map, VME_ALIAS(entry)) &&
+                                   prot) {
+                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               }
 
                                type_of_fault = DBG_CACHE_HIT_FAULT;
 
-                               vm_fault_enter(m, dst_map->pmap, va, prot,
-                                              VM_PAGE_WIRED(m), FALSE, FALSE,
-                                              &type_of_fault);
+                               fault_info.user_tag = VME_ALIAS(entry);
+                               fault_info.pmap_options = 0;
+                               if (entry->iokit_acct ||
+                                   (!entry->is_sub_map && !entry->use_pmap)) {
+                                       fault_info.pmap_options |= PMAP_OPTIONS_ALT_ACCT;
+                               }
+
+                               vm_fault_enter(m,
+                                   dst_map->pmap,
+                                   va,
+                                   PAGE_SIZE, 0,
+                                   prot,
+                                   prot,
+                                   VM_PAGE_WIRED(m),
+                                   FALSE,            /* change_wiring */
+                                   VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE,            /* tag - not wiring */
+                                   &fault_info,
+                                   NULL,             /* need_retry */
+                                   &type_of_fault);
 
                                vm_object_unlock(object);
 
@@ -7099,17 +11160,27 @@ StartAgain: ;
                }
        }
 
+after_adjustments:
+
        /*
         *      Correct the page alignment for the result
         */
 
        *dst_addr = start + (copy->offset - vm_copy_start);
 
+#if KASAN
+       kasan_notify_address(*dst_addr, size);
+#endif
+
        /*
         *      Update the hints and the map size
         */
 
-       SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(dst_map, vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy));
+       if (consume_on_success) {
+               SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(dst_map, vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy));
+       } else {
+               SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(dst_map, last);
+       }
 
        dst_map->size += size;
 
@@ -7117,7 +11188,22 @@ StartAgain: ;
         *      Link in the copy
         */
 
-       vm_map_copy_insert(dst_map, last, copy);
+       if (consume_on_success) {
+               vm_map_copy_insert(dst_map, last, copy);
+               if (copy != original_copy) {
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(original_copy);
+                       original_copy = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+               }
+       } else {
+               vm_map_copy_remap(dst_map, last, copy, adjustment,
+                   cur_protection, max_protection,
+                   inheritance);
+               if (copy != original_copy && original_copy != VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
+                       copy = original_copy;
+               }
+       }
+
 
        vm_map_unlock(dst_map);
 
@@ -7125,7 +11211,7 @@ StartAgain: ;
         * XXX  If wiring_required, call vm_map_pageable
         */
 
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -7140,14 +11226,14 @@ StartAgain: ;
 
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_copyin(
-       vm_map_t                        src_map,
-       vm_map_address_t        src_addr,
-       vm_map_size_t           len,
-       boolean_t                       src_destroy,
-       vm_map_copy_t           *copy_result)   /* OUT */
+       vm_map_t                        src_map,
+       vm_map_address_t        src_addr,
+       vm_map_size_t           len,
+       boolean_t                       src_destroy,
+       vm_map_copy_t           *copy_result)   /* OUT */
 {
-       return(vm_map_copyin_common(src_map, src_addr, len, src_destroy,
-                                       FALSE, copy_result, FALSE));
+       return vm_map_copyin_common(src_map, src_addr, len, src_destroy,
+                  FALSE, copy_result, FALSE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -7170,44 +11256,80 @@ vm_map_copyin(
  */
 
 typedef struct submap_map {
-       vm_map_t        parent_map;
-       vm_map_offset_t base_start;
-       vm_map_offset_t base_end;
-       vm_map_size_t   base_len;
+       vm_map_t        parent_map;
+       vm_map_offset_t base_start;
+       vm_map_offset_t base_end;
+       vm_map_size_t   base_len;
        struct submap_map *next;
 } submap_map_t;
 
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_copyin_common(
-       vm_map_t        src_map,
+       vm_map_t        src_map,
        vm_map_address_t src_addr,
-       vm_map_size_t   len,
-       boolean_t       src_destroy,
-       __unused boolean_t      src_volatile,
-       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result,   /* OUT */
-       boolean_t       use_maxprot)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;      /* Result of last map lookup --
-                                        * in multi-level lookup, this
-                                        * entry contains the actual
-                                        * vm_object/offset.
-                                        */
-       register
-       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;  /* Map entry for copy */
+       vm_map_size_t   len,
+       boolean_t       src_destroy,
+       __unused boolean_t      src_volatile,
+       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result,   /* OUT */
+       boolean_t       use_maxprot)
+{
+       int flags;
 
-       vm_map_offset_t src_start;      /* Start of current entry --
-                                        * where copy is taking place now
-                                        */
-       vm_map_offset_t src_end;        /* End of entire region to be
-                                        * copied */
+       flags = 0;
+       if (src_destroy) {
+               flags |= VM_MAP_COPYIN_SRC_DESTROY;
+       }
+       if (use_maxprot) {
+               flags |= VM_MAP_COPYIN_USE_MAXPROT;
+       }
+       return vm_map_copyin_internal(src_map,
+                  src_addr,
+                  len,
+                  flags,
+                  copy_result);
+}
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_copyin_internal(
+       vm_map_t        src_map,
+       vm_map_address_t src_addr,
+       vm_map_size_t   len,
+       int             flags,
+       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result)   /* OUT */
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;      /* Result of last map lookup --
+                                        * in multi-level lookup, this
+                                        * entry contains the actual
+                                        * vm_object/offset.
+                                        */
+       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;  /* Map entry for copy */
+
+       vm_map_offset_t src_start;      /* Start of current entry --
+                                        * where copy is taking place now
+                                        */
+       vm_map_offset_t src_end;        /* End of entire region to be
+                                        * copied */
        vm_map_offset_t src_base;
-       vm_map_t        base_map = src_map;
-       boolean_t       map_share=FALSE;
-       submap_map_t    *parent_maps = NULL;
+       vm_map_t        base_map = src_map;
+       boolean_t       map_share = FALSE;
+       submap_map_t    *parent_maps = NULL;
+
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy;           /* Resulting copy */
+       vm_map_address_t copy_addr;
+       vm_map_size_t   copy_size;
+       boolean_t       src_destroy;
+       boolean_t       use_maxprot;
+       boolean_t       preserve_purgeable;
+       boolean_t       entry_was_shared;
+       vm_map_entry_t  saved_src_entry;
+
+       if (flags & ~VM_MAP_COPYIN_ALL_FLAGS) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-       register
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy;           /* Resulting copy */
-       vm_map_address_t        copy_addr;
+       src_destroy = (flags & VM_MAP_COPYIN_SRC_DESTROY) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+       use_maxprot = (flags & VM_MAP_COPYIN_USE_MAXPROT) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+       preserve_purgeable =
+           (flags & VM_MAP_COPYIN_PRESERVE_PURGEABLE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
 
        /*
         *      Check for copies of zero bytes.
@@ -7215,15 +11337,24 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
 
        if (len == 0) {
                *copy_result = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Check that the end address doesn't overflow
         */
        src_end = src_addr + len;
-       if (src_end < src_addr)
+       if (src_end < src_addr) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        *      Compute (page aligned) start and end of region
+        */
+       src_start = vm_map_trunc_page(src_addr,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map));
+       src_end = vm_map_round_page(src_end,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map));
 
        /*
         * If the copy is sufficiently small, use a kernel buffer instead
@@ -7231,69 +11362,94 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
         * setting up VM (and taking C-O-W faults) dominates the copy costs
         * for small regions.
         */
-       if ((len < msg_ool_size_small) && !use_maxprot)
+       if ((len < msg_ool_size_small) &&
+           !use_maxprot &&
+           !preserve_purgeable &&
+           !(flags & VM_MAP_COPYIN_ENTRY_LIST) &&
+           /*
+            * Since the "msg_ool_size_small" threshold was increased and
+            * vm_map_copyin_kernel_buffer() doesn't handle accesses beyond the
+            * address space limits, we revert to doing a virtual copy if the
+            * copied range goes beyond those limits.  Otherwise, mach_vm_read()
+            * of the commpage would now fail when it used to work.
+            */
+           (src_start >= vm_map_min(src_map) &&
+           src_start < vm_map_max(src_map) &&
+           src_end >= vm_map_min(src_map) &&
+           src_end < vm_map_max(src_map))) {
                return vm_map_copyin_kernel_buffer(src_map, src_addr, len,
-                                                  src_destroy, copy_result);
-
-       /*
-        *      Compute (page aligned) start and end of region
-        */
-       src_start = vm_map_trunc_page(src_addr);
-       src_end = vm_map_round_page(src_end);
-
-       XPR(XPR_VM_MAP, "vm_map_copyin_common map 0x%x addr 0x%x len 0x%x dest %d\n", src_map, src_addr, len, src_destroy, 0);
+                          src_destroy, copy_result);
+       }
 
        /*
         *      Allocate a header element for the list.
         *
-        *      Use the start and end in the header to 
+        *      Use the start and end in the header to
         *      remember the endpoints prior to rounding.
         */
 
-       copy = (vm_map_copy_t) zalloc(vm_map_copy_zone);
-       vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy) =
-               vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy) = vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
+       copy = vm_map_copy_allocate();
        copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST;
-       copy->cpy_hdr.nentries = 0;
        copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable = TRUE;
+       copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift = VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(src_map);
+
+       vm_map_store_init( &(copy->cpy_hdr));
 
        copy->offset = src_addr;
        copy->size = len;
-       
-       new_entry = vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy);
-
-#define        RETURN(x)                                               \
-       MACRO_BEGIN                                             \
-       vm_map_unlock(src_map);                                 \
-       if(src_map != base_map)                                 \
-               vm_map_deallocate(src_map);                     \
-       if (new_entry != VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL)                     \
-               vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy,new_entry);      \
-       vm_map_copy_discard(copy);                              \
-       {                                                       \
-               submap_map_t    *_ptr;                          \
-                                                               \
-               for(_ptr = parent_maps; _ptr != NULL; _ptr = parent_maps) { \
-                       parent_maps=parent_maps->next;          \
-                       if (_ptr->parent_map != base_map)       \
-                               vm_map_deallocate(_ptr->parent_map);    \
-                       kfree(_ptr, sizeof(submap_map_t));      \
-               }                                               \
-       }                                                       \
-       MACRO_RETURN(x);                                        \
+
+       new_entry = vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy, !copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable);
+
+#define RETURN(x)                                               \
+       MACRO_BEGIN                                             \
+       vm_map_unlock(src_map);                                 \
+       if(src_map != base_map)                                 \
+               vm_map_deallocate(src_map);                     \
+       if (new_entry != VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL)                     \
+               vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy,new_entry);      \
+       vm_map_copy_discard(copy);                              \
+       {                                                       \
+               submap_map_t    *_ptr;                          \
+                                                                \
+               for(_ptr = parent_maps; _ptr != NULL; _ptr = parent_maps) { \
+                       parent_maps=parent_maps->next;          \
+                       if (_ptr->parent_map != base_map)       \
+                               vm_map_deallocate(_ptr->parent_map);    \
+                       kfree(_ptr, sizeof(submap_map_t));      \
+               }                                               \
+       }                                                       \
+       MACRO_RETURN(x);                                        \
        MACRO_END
 
        /*
         *      Find the beginning of the region.
         */
 
-       vm_map_lock(src_map);
+       vm_map_lock(src_map);
 
-       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(src_map, src_start, &tmp_entry))
+       /*
+        * Lookup the original "src_addr" rather than the truncated
+        * "src_start", in case "src_start" falls in a non-map-aligned
+        * map entry *before* the map entry that contains "src_addr"...
+        */
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(src_map, src_addr, &tmp_entry)) {
                RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
-       if(!tmp_entry->is_sub_map) {
+       }
+       if (!tmp_entry->is_sub_map) {
+               /*
+                * ... but clip to the map-rounded "src_start" rather than
+                * "src_addr" to preserve map-alignment.  We'll adjust the
+                * first copy entry at the end, if needed.
+                */
                vm_map_clip_start(src_map, tmp_entry, src_start);
        }
+       if (src_start < tmp_entry->vme_start) {
+               /*
+                * Move "src_start" up to the start of the
+                * first map entry to copy.
+                */
+               src_start = tmp_entry->vme_start;
+       }
        /* set for later submap fix-up */
        copy_addr = src_start;
 
@@ -7302,32 +11458,30 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
         */
 
        while (TRUE) {
-               register
-               vm_map_entry_t  src_entry = tmp_entry;  /* Top-level entry */
-               vm_map_size_t   src_size;               /* Size of source
-                                                        * map entry (in both
-                                                        * maps)
-                                                        */
-
-               register
-               vm_object_t             src_object;     /* Object to copy */
-               vm_object_offset_t      src_offset;
-
-               boolean_t       src_needs_copy;         /* Should source map
-                                                        * be made read-only
-                                                        * for copy-on-write?
-                                                        */
-
-               boolean_t       new_entry_needs_copy;   /* Will new entry be COW? */
-
-               boolean_t       was_wired;              /* Was source wired? */
-               vm_map_version_t version;               /* Version before locks
-                                                        * dropped to make copy
-                                                        */
-               kern_return_t   result;                 /* Return value from
-                                                        * copy_strategically.
-                                                        */
-               while(tmp_entry->is_sub_map) {
+               vm_map_entry_t  src_entry = tmp_entry;  /* Top-level entry */
+               vm_map_size_t   src_size;               /* Size of source
+                                                        * map entry (in both
+                                                        * maps)
+                                                        */
+
+               vm_object_t             src_object;     /* Object to copy */
+               vm_object_offset_t      src_offset;
+
+               boolean_t       src_needs_copy;         /* Should source map
+                                                        * be made read-only
+                                                        * for copy-on-write?
+                                                        */
+
+               boolean_t       new_entry_needs_copy;   /* Will new entry be COW? */
+
+               boolean_t       was_wired;              /* Was source wired? */
+               vm_map_version_t version;               /* Version before locks
+                                                        * dropped to make copy
+                                                        */
+               kern_return_t   result;                 /* Return value from
+                                                        * copy_strategically.
+                                                        */
+               while (tmp_entry->is_sub_map) {
                        vm_map_size_t submap_len;
                        submap_map_t *ptr;
 
@@ -7338,31 +11492,34 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                        ptr->base_start = src_start;
                        ptr->base_end = src_end;
                        submap_len = tmp_entry->vme_end - src_start;
-                       if(submap_len > (src_end-src_start))
-                               submap_len = src_end-src_start;
+                       if (submap_len > (src_end - src_start)) {
+                               submap_len = src_end - src_start;
+                       }
                        ptr->base_len = submap_len;
-       
+
                        src_start -= tmp_entry->vme_start;
-                       src_start += tmp_entry->offset;
+                       src_start += VME_OFFSET(tmp_entry);
                        src_end = src_start + submap_len;
-                       src_map = tmp_entry->object.sub_map;
+                       src_map = VME_SUBMAP(tmp_entry);
                        vm_map_lock(src_map);
                        /* keep an outstanding reference for all maps in */
                        /* the parents tree except the base map */
                        vm_map_reference(src_map);
                        vm_map_unlock(ptr->parent_map);
                        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(
-                                   src_map, src_start, &tmp_entry))
+                                   src_map, src_start, &tmp_entry)) {
                                RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       }
                        map_share = TRUE;
-                       if(!tmp_entry->is_sub_map)
+                       if (!tmp_entry->is_sub_map) {
                                vm_map_clip_start(src_map, tmp_entry, src_start);
+                       }
                        src_entry = tmp_entry;
                }
                /* we are now in the lowest level submap... */
 
-               if ((tmp_entry->object.vm_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) && 
-                   (tmp_entry->object.vm_object->phys_contiguous)) {
+               if ((VME_OBJECT(tmp_entry) != VM_OBJECT_NULL) &&
+                   (VME_OBJECT(tmp_entry)->phys_contiguous)) {
                        /* This is not, supported for now.In future */
                        /* we will need to detect the phys_contig   */
                        /* condition and then upgrade copy_slowly   */
@@ -7373,7 +11530,7 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                        RETURN(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
                }
                /*
-                *      Create a new address map entry to hold the result. 
+                *      Create a new address map entry to hold the result.
                 *      Fill in the fields from the appropriate source entries.
                 *      We must unlock the source map to do this if we need
                 *      to allocate a map entry.
@@ -7382,16 +11539,17 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                        version.main_timestamp = src_map->timestamp;
                        vm_map_unlock(src_map);
 
-                       new_entry = vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy);
+                       new_entry = vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy, !copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable);
 
                        vm_map_lock(src_map);
                        if ((version.main_timestamp + 1) != src_map->timestamp) {
                                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(src_map, src_start,
-                                                        &tmp_entry)) {
+                                   &tmp_entry)) {
                                        RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
                                }
-                               if (!tmp_entry->is_sub_map)
+                               if (!tmp_entry->is_sub_map) {
                                        vm_map_clip_start(src_map, tmp_entry, src_start);
+                               }
                                continue; /* restart w/ new tmp_entry */
                        }
                }
@@ -7400,9 +11558,10 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                 *      Verify that the region can be read.
                 */
                if (((src_entry->protection & VM_PROT_READ) == VM_PROT_NONE &&
-                    !use_maxprot) ||
-                   (src_entry->max_protection & VM_PROT_READ) == 0)
+                   !use_maxprot) ||
+                   (src_entry->max_protection & VM_PROT_READ) == 0) {
                        RETURN(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
+               }
 
                /*
                 *      Clip against the endpoints of the entire region.
@@ -7411,53 +11570,58 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                vm_map_clip_end(src_map, src_entry, src_end);
 
                src_size = src_entry->vme_end - src_start;
-               src_object = src_entry->object.vm_object;
-               src_offset = src_entry->offset;
+               src_object = VME_OBJECT(src_entry);
+               src_offset = VME_OFFSET(src_entry);
                was_wired = (src_entry->wired_count != 0);
 
-               vm_map_entry_copy(new_entry, src_entry);
-               new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE; /* clr address space specifics */
+               vm_map_entry_copy(src_map, new_entry, src_entry);
+               if (new_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       /* clr address space specifics */
+                       new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+               } else {
+                       /*
+                        * We're dealing with a copy-on-write operation,
+                        * so the resulting mapping should not inherit the
+                        * original mapping's accounting settings.
+                        * "iokit_acct" should have been cleared in
+                        * vm_map_entry_copy().
+                        * "use_pmap" should be reset to its default (TRUE)
+                        * so that the new mapping gets accounted for in
+                        * the task's memory footprint.
+                        */
+                       assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+                       new_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+               }
 
                /*
                 *      Attempt non-blocking copy-on-write optimizations.
                 */
 
-               if (src_destroy && 
-                   (src_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL || 
-                    (src_object->internal && !src_object->true_share
-                     && !map_share))) {
-                       /*
-                        * If we are destroying the source, and the object
-                        * is internal, we can move the object reference
-                        * from the source to the copy.  The copy is
-                        * copy-on-write only if the source is.
-                        * We make another reference to the object, because
-                        * destroying the source entry will deallocate it.
-                        */
-                       vm_object_reference(src_object);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Copy is always unwired.  vm_map_copy_entry
-                        * set its wired count to zero.
-                        */
-
-                       goto CopySuccessful;
-               }
-
+               /*
+                * If we are destroying the source, and the object
+                * is internal, we could move the object reference
+                * from the source to the copy.  The copy is
+                * copy-on-write only if the source is.
+                * We make another reference to the object, because
+                * destroying the source entry will deallocate it.
+                *
+                * This memory transfer has to be atomic, (to prevent
+                * the VM object from being shared or copied while
+                * it's being moved here), so we could only do this
+                * if we won't have to unlock the VM map until the
+                * original mapping has been fully removed.
+                */
 
-       RestartCopy:
-               XPR(XPR_VM_MAP, "vm_map_copyin_common src_obj 0x%x ent 0x%x obj 0x%x was_wired %d\n",
-                   src_object, new_entry, new_entry->object.vm_object,
-                   was_wired, 0);
+RestartCopy:
                if ((src_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL ||
-                    (!was_wired && !map_share && !tmp_entry->is_shared)) &&
+                   (!was_wired && !map_share && !tmp_entry->is_shared
+                   && !(debug4k_no_cow_copyin && VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(src_map) < PAGE_SHIFT))) &&
                    vm_object_copy_quickly(
-                           &new_entry->object.vm_object,
+                           VME_OBJECT_PTR(new_entry),
                            src_offset,
                            src_size,
                            &src_needs_copy,
                            &new_entry_needs_copy)) {
-
                        new_entry->needs_copy = new_entry_needs_copy;
 
                        /*
@@ -7465,23 +11629,27 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                         */
 
                        if (src_needs_copy && !tmp_entry->needs_copy) {
-                               vm_prot_t prot;
+                               vm_prot_t prot;
 
                                prot = src_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
 
-                               if (override_nx(src_map, src_entry->alias) && prot)
-                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               if (override_nx(src_map, VME_ALIAS(src_entry))
+                                   && prot) {
+                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               }
 
                                vm_object_pmap_protect(
                                        src_object,
                                        src_offset,
                                        src_size,
-                                       (src_entry->is_shared ? 
-                                        PMAP_NULL
-                                        : src_map->pmap),
+                                       (src_entry->is_shared ?
+                                       PMAP_NULL
+                                       : src_map->pmap),
+                                       VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(src_map),
                                        src_entry->vme_start,
                                        prot);
 
+                               assert(tmp_entry->wired_count == 0);
                                tmp_entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
                        }
 
@@ -7494,6 +11662,8 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                        goto CopySuccessful;
                }
 
+               entry_was_shared = tmp_entry->is_shared;
+
                /*
                 *      Take an object reference, so that we may
                 *      release the map lock(s).
@@ -7508,53 +11678,117 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                 */
 
                version.main_timestamp = src_map->timestamp;
-               vm_map_unlock(src_map); /* Increments timestamp once! */
+               vm_map_unlock(src_map); /* Increments timestamp once! */
+               saved_src_entry = src_entry;
+               tmp_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+               src_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
 
                /*
                 *      Perform the copy
                 */
 
-               if (was_wired) {
-               CopySlowly:
+               if (was_wired ||
+                   (debug4k_no_cow_copyin &&
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(src_map) < PAGE_SHIFT)) {
+CopySlowly:
                        vm_object_lock(src_object);
                        result = vm_object_copy_slowly(
                                src_object,
                                src_offset,
                                src_size,
                                THREAD_UNINT,
-                               &new_entry->object.vm_object);
-                       new_entry->offset = 0;
+                               VME_OBJECT_PTR(new_entry));
+                       VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry,
+                           src_offset - vm_object_trunc_page(src_offset));
                        new_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
-
-               }
-               else if (src_object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC &&
-                        (tmp_entry->is_shared  || map_share)) {
-                       vm_object_t new_object;
+               } else if (src_object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC &&
+                   (entry_was_shared || map_share)) {
+                       vm_object_t new_object;
 
                        vm_object_lock_shared(src_object);
                        new_object = vm_object_copy_delayed(
                                src_object,
-                               src_offset,     
+                               src_offset,
                                src_size,
                                TRUE);
-                       if (new_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL)
-                               goto CopySlowly;
+                       if (new_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                               goto CopySlowly;
+                       }
 
-                       new_entry->object.vm_object = new_object;
+                       VME_OBJECT_SET(new_entry, new_object);
+                       assert(new_entry->wired_count == 0);
                        new_entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
+                       assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+                       assert(new_object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_DENY);
+                       assertf(new_entry->use_pmap, "src_map %p new_entry %p\n", src_map, new_entry);
                        result = KERN_SUCCESS;
-
                } else {
+                       vm_object_offset_t new_offset;
+                       new_offset = VME_OFFSET(new_entry);
                        result = vm_object_copy_strategically(src_object,
-                                                             src_offset,
-                                                             src_size,
-                                                             &new_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                                             &new_entry->offset,
-                                                             &new_entry_needs_copy);
+                           src_offset,
+                           src_size,
+                           VME_OBJECT_PTR(new_entry),
+                           &new_offset,
+                           &new_entry_needs_copy);
+                       if (new_offset != VME_OFFSET(new_entry)) {
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry, new_offset);
+                       }
 
                        new_entry->needs_copy = new_entry_needs_copy;
                }
 
+               if (result == KERN_SUCCESS &&
+                   ((preserve_purgeable &&
+                   src_object->purgable != VM_PURGABLE_DENY) ||
+                   new_entry->used_for_jit)) {
+                       /*
+                        * Purgeable objects should be COPY_NONE, true share;
+                        * this should be propogated to the copy.
+                        *
+                        * Also force mappings the pmap specially protects to
+                        * be COPY_NONE; trying to COW these mappings would
+                        * change the effective protections, which could have
+                        * side effects if the pmap layer relies on the
+                        * specified protections.
+                        */
+
+                       vm_object_t     new_object;
+
+                       new_object = VME_OBJECT(new_entry);
+                       assert(new_object != src_object);
+                       vm_object_lock(new_object);
+                       assert(new_object->ref_count == 1);
+                       assert(new_object->shadow == VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+                       assert(new_object->copy == VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+                       assert(new_object->vo_owner == NULL);
+
+                       new_object->copy_strategy = MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE;
+
+                       if (preserve_purgeable &&
+                           src_object->purgable != VM_PURGABLE_DENY) {
+                               new_object->true_share = TRUE;
+
+                               /* start as non-volatile with no owner... */
+                               new_object->purgable = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
+                               vm_purgeable_nonvolatile_enqueue(new_object, NULL);
+                               /* ... and move to src_object's purgeable state */
+                               if (src_object->purgable != VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE) {
+                                       int state;
+                                       state = src_object->purgable;
+                                       vm_object_purgable_control(
+                                               new_object,
+                                               VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE_FROM_KERNEL,
+                                               &state);
+                               }
+                               /* no pmap accounting for purgeable objects */
+                               new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+                       }
+
+                       vm_object_unlock(new_object);
+                       new_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+               }
+
                if (result != KERN_SUCCESS &&
                    result != KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
                        vm_map_lock(src_map);
@@ -7574,8 +11808,11 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
 
                vm_map_lock(src_map);
 
-               if ((version.main_timestamp + 1) == src_map->timestamp)
+               if ((version.main_timestamp + 1) == src_map->timestamp) {
+                       /* src_map hasn't changed: src_entry is still valid */
+                       src_entry = saved_src_entry;
                        goto VerificationSuccessful;
+               }
 
                /*
                 *      Simple version comparison failed.
@@ -7590,6 +11827,13 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                 */
 
                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(src_map, src_start, &tmp_entry)) {
+                       if (result != KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
+                               vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(new_entry));
+                               VME_OBJECT_SET(new_entry, VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+                               /* reset accounting state */
+                               new_entry->iokit_acct = FALSE;
+                               new_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+                       }
                        RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
                }
 
@@ -7597,25 +11841,54 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                vm_map_clip_start(src_map, src_entry, src_start);
 
                if ((((src_entry->protection & VM_PROT_READ) == VM_PROT_NONE) &&
-                    !use_maxprot) ||
-                   ((src_entry->max_protection & VM_PROT_READ) == 0))
+                   !use_maxprot) ||
+                   ((src_entry->max_protection & VM_PROT_READ) == 0)) {
                        goto VerificationFailed;
+               }
 
-               if (src_entry->vme_end < new_entry->vme_end)
-                       src_size = (new_entry->vme_end = src_entry->vme_end) - src_start;
-
-               if ((src_entry->object.vm_object != src_object) ||
-                   (src_entry->offset != src_offset) ) {
+               if (src_entry->vme_end < new_entry->vme_end) {
+                       /*
+                        * This entry might have been shortened
+                        * (vm_map_clip_end) or been replaced with
+                        * an entry that ends closer to "src_start"
+                        * than before.
+                        * Adjust "new_entry" accordingly; copying
+                        * less memory would be correct but we also
+                        * redo the copy (see below) if the new entry
+                        * no longer points at the same object/offset.
+                        */
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(src_entry->vme_end,
+                           VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy)));
+                       new_entry->vme_end = src_entry->vme_end;
+                       src_size = new_entry->vme_end - src_start;
+               } else if (src_entry->vme_end > new_entry->vme_end) {
+                       /*
+                        * This entry might have been extended
+                        * (vm_map_entry_simplify() or coalesce)
+                        * or been replaced with an entry that ends farther
+                        * from "src_start" than before.
+                        *
+                        * We've called vm_object_copy_*() only on
+                        * the previous <start:end> range, so we can't
+                        * just extend new_entry.  We have to re-do
+                        * the copy based on the new entry as if it was
+                        * pointing at a different object/offset (see
+                        * "Verification failed" below).
+                        */
+               }
 
+               if ((VME_OBJECT(src_entry) != src_object) ||
+                   (VME_OFFSET(src_entry) != src_offset) ||
+                   (src_entry->vme_end > new_entry->vme_end)) {
                        /*
                         *      Verification failed.
                         *
                         *      Start over with this top-level entry.
                         */
 
-               VerificationFailed: ;
+VerificationFailed:     ;
 
-                       vm_object_deallocate(new_entry->object.vm_object);
+                       vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(new_entry));
                        tmp_entry = src_entry;
                        continue;
                }
@@ -7624,24 +11897,25 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                 *      Verification succeeded.
                 */
 
-       VerificationSuccessful: ;
+VerificationSuccessful:;
 
-               if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY)
+               if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
                        goto RestartCopy;
+               }
 
                /*
                 *      Copy succeeded.
                 */
 
-       CopySuccessful: ;
+CopySuccessful: ;
 
                /*
                 *      Link in the new copy entry.
                 */
 
                vm_map_copy_entry_link(copy, vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy),
-                                      new_entry);
-               
+                   new_entry);
+
                /*
                 *      Determine whether the entire region
                 *      has been copied.
@@ -7650,128 +11924,375 @@ vm_map_copyin_common(
                src_start = new_entry->vme_end;
                new_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
                while ((src_start >= src_end) && (src_end != 0)) {
-                       if (src_map != base_map) {
-                               submap_map_t    *ptr;
-
-                               ptr = parent_maps;
-                               assert(ptr != NULL);
-                               parent_maps = parent_maps->next;
-
-                               /* fix up the damage we did in that submap */
-                               vm_map_simplify_range(src_map,
-                                                     src_base,
-                                                     src_end);
-
-                               vm_map_unlock(src_map);
-                               vm_map_deallocate(src_map);
-                               vm_map_lock(ptr->parent_map);
-                               src_map = ptr->parent_map;
-                               src_base = ptr->base_start;
-                               src_start = ptr->base_start + ptr->base_len;
-                               src_end = ptr->base_end;
-                               if ((src_end > src_start) &&
-                                   !vm_map_lookup_entry(
-                                           src_map, src_start, &tmp_entry))
-                                       RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
-                               kfree(ptr, sizeof(submap_map_t));
-                               if(parent_maps == NULL)
-                                       map_share = FALSE;
-                               src_entry = tmp_entry->vme_prev;
-                       } else
+                       submap_map_t    *ptr;
+
+                       if (src_map == base_map) {
+                               /* back to the top */
                                break;
+                       }
+
+                       ptr = parent_maps;
+                       assert(ptr != NULL);
+                       parent_maps = parent_maps->next;
+
+                       /* fix up the damage we did in that submap */
+                       vm_map_simplify_range(src_map,
+                           src_base,
+                           src_end);
+
+                       vm_map_unlock(src_map);
+                       vm_map_deallocate(src_map);
+                       vm_map_lock(ptr->parent_map);
+                       src_map = ptr->parent_map;
+                       src_base = ptr->base_start;
+                       src_start = ptr->base_start + ptr->base_len;
+                       src_end = ptr->base_end;
+                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(src_map,
+                           src_start,
+                           &tmp_entry) &&
+                           (src_end > src_start)) {
+                               RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       }
+                       kfree(ptr, sizeof(submap_map_t));
+                       if (parent_maps == NULL) {
+                               map_share = FALSE;
+                       }
+                       src_entry = tmp_entry->vme_prev;
                }
-               if ((src_start >= src_end) && (src_end != 0))
+
+               if ((VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(src_map) != PAGE_SHIFT) &&
+                   (src_start >= src_addr + len) &&
+                   (src_addr + len != 0)) {
+                       /*
+                        * Stop copying now, even though we haven't reached
+                        * "src_end".  We'll adjust the end of the last copy
+                        * entry at the end, if needed.
+                        *
+                        * If src_map's aligment is different from the
+                        * system's page-alignment, there could be
+                        * extra non-map-aligned map entries between
+                        * the original (non-rounded) "src_addr + len"
+                        * and the rounded "src_end".
+                        * We do not want to copy those map entries since
+                        * they're not part of the copied range.
+                        */
                        break;
+               }
+
+               if ((src_start >= src_end) && (src_end != 0)) {
+                       break;
+               }
 
                /*
                 *      Verify that there are no gaps in the region
                 */
 
                tmp_entry = src_entry->vme_next;
-               if ((tmp_entry->vme_start != src_start) || 
-                   (tmp_entry == vm_map_to_entry(src_map)))
+               if ((tmp_entry->vme_start != src_start) ||
+                   (tmp_entry == vm_map_to_entry(src_map))) {
                        RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               }
        }
 
        /*
         * If the source should be destroyed, do it now, since the
-        * copy was successful. 
+        * copy was successful.
         */
        if (src_destroy) {
-               (void) vm_map_delete(src_map,
-                                    vm_map_trunc_page(src_addr),
-                                    src_end,
-                                    (src_map == kernel_map) ?
-                                    VM_MAP_REMOVE_KUNWIRE :
-                                    VM_MAP_NO_FLAGS,
-                                    VM_MAP_NULL);
+               (void) vm_map_delete(
+                       src_map,
+                       vm_map_trunc_page(src_addr,
+                       VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)),
+                       src_end,
+                       ((src_map == kernel_map) ?
+                       VM_MAP_REMOVE_KUNWIRE :
+                       VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_FLAGS),
+                       VM_MAP_NULL);
        } else {
                /* fix up the damage we did in the base map */
-               vm_map_simplify_range(src_map,
-                                     vm_map_trunc_page(src_addr), 
-                                     vm_map_round_page(src_end));
+               vm_map_simplify_range(
+                       src_map,
+                       vm_map_trunc_page(src_addr,
+                       VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)),
+                       vm_map_round_page(src_end,
+                       VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)));
        }
 
        vm_map_unlock(src_map);
+       tmp_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(src_map) > PAGE_SHIFT &&
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(src_map) != VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(copy)) {
+               vm_map_offset_t original_start, original_offset, original_end;
+
+               assert(VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy) == PAGE_MASK);
+
+               /* adjust alignment of first copy_entry's "vme_start" */
+               tmp_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
+               if (tmp_entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
+                       vm_map_offset_t adjustment;
+
+                       original_start = tmp_entry->vme_start;
+                       original_offset = VME_OFFSET(tmp_entry);
+
+                       /* map-align the start of the first copy entry... */
+                       adjustment = (tmp_entry->vme_start -
+                           vm_map_trunc_page(
+                                   tmp_entry->vme_start,
+                                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)));
+                       tmp_entry->vme_start -= adjustment;
+                       VME_OFFSET_SET(tmp_entry,
+                           VME_OFFSET(tmp_entry) - adjustment);
+                       copy_addr -= adjustment;
+                       assert(tmp_entry->vme_start < tmp_entry->vme_end);
+                       /* ... adjust for mis-aligned start of copy range */
+                       adjustment =
+                           (vm_map_trunc_page(copy->offset,
+                           PAGE_MASK) -
+                           vm_map_trunc_page(copy->offset,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)));
+                       if (adjustment) {
+                               assert(page_aligned(adjustment));
+                               assert(adjustment < VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(src_map));
+                               tmp_entry->vme_start += adjustment;
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(tmp_entry,
+                                   (VME_OFFSET(tmp_entry) +
+                                   adjustment));
+                               copy_addr += adjustment;
+                               assert(tmp_entry->vme_start < tmp_entry->vme_end);
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        * Assert that the adjustments haven't exposed
+                        * more than was originally copied...
+                        */
+                       assert(tmp_entry->vme_start >= original_start);
+                       assert(VME_OFFSET(tmp_entry) >= original_offset);
+                       /*
+                        * ... and that it did not adjust outside of a
+                        * a single 16K page.
+                        */
+                       assert(vm_map_trunc_page(tmp_entry->vme_start,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)) ==
+                           vm_map_trunc_page(original_start,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)));
+               }
+
+               /* adjust alignment of last copy_entry's "vme_end" */
+               tmp_entry = vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy);
+               if (tmp_entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
+                       vm_map_offset_t adjustment;
+
+                       original_end = tmp_entry->vme_end;
+
+                       /* map-align the end of the last copy entry... */
+                       tmp_entry->vme_end =
+                           vm_map_round_page(tmp_entry->vme_end,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map));
+                       /* ... adjust for mis-aligned end of copy range */
+                       adjustment =
+                           (vm_map_round_page((copy->offset +
+                           copy->size),
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)) -
+                           vm_map_round_page((copy->offset +
+                           copy->size),
+                           PAGE_MASK));
+                       if (adjustment) {
+                               assert(page_aligned(adjustment));
+                               assert(adjustment < VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(src_map));
+                               tmp_entry->vme_end -= adjustment;
+                               assert(tmp_entry->vme_start < tmp_entry->vme_end);
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        * Assert that the adjustments haven't exposed
+                        * more than was originally copied...
+                        */
+                       assert(tmp_entry->vme_end <= original_end);
+                       /*
+                        * ... and that it did not adjust outside of a
+                        * a single 16K page.
+                        */
+                       assert(vm_map_round_page(tmp_entry->vme_end,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)) ==
+                           vm_map_round_page(original_end,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)));
+               }
+       }
 
        /* Fix-up start and end points in copy.  This is necessary */
        /* when the various entries in the copy object were picked */
        /* up from different sub-maps */
 
        tmp_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
+       copy_size = 0; /* compute actual size */
        while (tmp_entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy)) {
-               tmp_entry->vme_end = copy_addr + 
-                       (tmp_entry->vme_end - tmp_entry->vme_start);
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(
+                           copy_addr + (tmp_entry->vme_end -
+                           tmp_entry->vme_start),
+                           MIN(VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy), PAGE_MASK)));
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(
+                           copy_addr,
+                           MIN(VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy), PAGE_MASK)));
+
+               /*
+                * The copy_entries will be injected directly into the
+                * destination map and might not be "map aligned" there...
+                */
+               tmp_entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+
+               tmp_entry->vme_end = copy_addr +
+                   (tmp_entry->vme_end - tmp_entry->vme_start);
                tmp_entry->vme_start = copy_addr;
+               assert(tmp_entry->vme_start < tmp_entry->vme_end);
                copy_addr += tmp_entry->vme_end - tmp_entry->vme_start;
+               copy_size += tmp_entry->vme_end - tmp_entry->vme_start;
                tmp_entry = (struct vm_map_entry *)tmp_entry->vme_next;
        }
 
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(src_map) != PAGE_SHIFT &&
+           copy_size < copy->size) {
+               /*
+                * The actual size of the VM map copy is smaller than what
+                * was requested by the caller.  This must be because some
+                * PAGE_SIZE-sized pages are missing at the end of the last
+                * VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(src_map)-sized chunk of the range.
+                * The caller might not have been aware of those missing
+                * pages and might not want to be aware of it, which is
+                * fine as long as they don't try to access (and crash on)
+                * those missing pages.
+                * Let's adjust the size of the "copy", to avoid failing
+                * in vm_map_copyout() or vm_map_copy_overwrite().
+                */
+               assert(vm_map_round_page(copy_size,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)) ==
+                   vm_map_round_page(copy->size,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map)));
+               copy->size = copy_size;
+       }
+
        *copy_result = copy;
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 
-#undef RETURN
+#undef  RETURN
 }
 
-/*
- *     vm_map_copyin_object:
- *
- *     Create a copy object from an object.
- *     Our caller donates an object reference.
- */
-
 kern_return_t
-vm_map_copyin_object(
-       vm_object_t             object,
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset, /* offset of region in object */
-       vm_object_size_t        size,   /* size of region in object */
-       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result)   /* OUT */
+vm_map_copy_extract(
+       vm_map_t                src_map,
+       vm_map_address_t        src_addr,
+       vm_map_size_t           len,
+       boolean_t               do_copy,
+       vm_map_copy_t           *copy_result,   /* OUT */
+       vm_prot_t               *cur_prot,      /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_prot_t               *max_prot,      /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags)
 {
-       vm_map_copy_t   copy;           /* Resulting copy */
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy;
+       kern_return_t   kr;
+       vm_prot_t required_cur_prot, required_max_prot;
 
        /*
-        *      We drop the object into a special copy object
-        *      that contains the object directly.
+        *      Check for copies of zero bytes.
         */
 
-       copy = (vm_map_copy_t) zalloc(vm_map_copy_zone);
-       copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_OBJECT;
-       copy->cpy_object = object;
-       copy->offset = offset;
+       if (len == 0) {
+               *copy_result = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        *      Check that the end address doesn't overflow
+        */
+       if (src_addr + len < src_addr) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
+
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(src_map) < PAGE_SIZE) {
+               DEBUG4K_SHARE("src_map %p src_addr 0x%llx src_end 0x%llx\n", src_map, (uint64_t)src_addr, (uint64_t)(src_addr + len));
+       }
+
+       required_cur_prot = *cur_prot;
+       required_max_prot = *max_prot;
+
+       /*
+        *      Allocate a header element for the list.
+        *
+        *      Use the start and end in the header to
+        *      remember the endpoints prior to rounding.
+        */
+
+       copy = vm_map_copy_allocate();
+       copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST;
+       copy->cpy_hdr.entries_pageable = vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_pageable;
+
+       vm_map_store_init(&copy->cpy_hdr);
+
+       copy->offset = 0;
+       copy->size = len;
+
+       kr = vm_map_remap_extract(src_map,
+           src_addr,
+           len,
+           do_copy,             /* copy */
+           &copy->cpy_hdr,
+           cur_prot,            /* IN/OUT */
+           max_prot,            /* IN/OUT */
+           inheritance,
+           vmk_flags);
+       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
+               return kr;
+       }
+       if (required_cur_prot != VM_PROT_NONE) {
+               assert((*cur_prot & required_cur_prot) == required_cur_prot);
+               assert((*max_prot & required_max_prot) == required_max_prot);
+       }
+
+       *copy_result = copy;
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ *     vm_map_copyin_object:
+ *
+ *     Create a copy object from an object.
+ *     Our caller donates an object reference.
+ */
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_copyin_object(
+       vm_object_t             object,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset, /* offset of region in object */
+       vm_object_size_t        size,   /* size of region in object */
+       vm_map_copy_t   *copy_result)   /* OUT */
+{
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy;           /* Resulting copy */
+
+       /*
+        *      We drop the object into a special copy object
+        *      that contains the object directly.
+        */
+
+       copy = vm_map_copy_allocate();
+       copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_OBJECT;
+       copy->cpy_object = object;
+       copy->offset = offset;
        copy->size = size;
 
        *copy_result = copy;
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static void
 vm_map_fork_share(
-       vm_map_t        old_map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  old_entry,
-       vm_map_t        new_map)
+       vm_map_t        old_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  old_entry,
+       vm_map_t        new_map)
 {
-       vm_object_t     object;
-       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry;
+       vm_object_t     object;
+       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry;
 
        /*
         *      New sharing code.  New map entry
@@ -7782,48 +12303,46 @@ vm_map_fork_share(
         *      or someone else already has one, then
         *      make a new shadow and share it.
         */
-       
-       object = old_entry->object.vm_object;
+
+       object = VME_OBJECT(old_entry);
        if (old_entry->is_sub_map) {
                assert(old_entry->wired_count == 0);
 #ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP
-               if(old_entry->use_pmap) {
-                       kern_return_t   result;
-
-                       result = pmap_nest(new_map->pmap, 
-                                          (old_entry->object.sub_map)->pmap, 
-                                          (addr64_t)old_entry->vme_start,
-                                          (addr64_t)old_entry->vme_start,
-                                          (uint64_t)(old_entry->vme_end - old_entry->vme_start));
-                       if(result)
+               if (old_entry->use_pmap) {
+                       kern_return_t   result;
+
+                       result = pmap_nest(new_map->pmap,
+                           (VME_SUBMAP(old_entry))->pmap,
+                           (addr64_t)old_entry->vme_start,
+                           (uint64_t)(old_entry->vme_end - old_entry->vme_start));
+                       if (result) {
                                panic("vm_map_fork_share: pmap_nest failed!");
+                       }
                }
-#endif /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
+#endif  /* NO_NESTED_PMAP */
        } else if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                object = vm_object_allocate((vm_map_size_t)(old_entry->vme_end -
-                                                           old_entry->vme_start));
-               old_entry->offset = 0;
-               old_entry->object.vm_object = object;
-               assert(!old_entry->needs_copy);
+                   old_entry->vme_start));
+               VME_OFFSET_SET(old_entry, 0);
+               VME_OBJECT_SET(old_entry, object);
+               old_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+//             assert(!old_entry->needs_copy);
        } else if (object->copy_strategy !=
-                  MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
-               
+           MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
                /*
                 *      We are already using an asymmetric
                 *      copy, and therefore we already have
                 *      the right object.
                 */
-               
-               assert(! old_entry->needs_copy);
-       }
-       else if (old_entry->needs_copy ||       /* case 1 */
-                object->shadowed ||            /* case 2 */
-                (!object->true_share &&        /* case 3 */
-                 !old_entry->is_shared &&
-                 (object->size >
-                  (vm_map_size_t)(old_entry->vme_end -
-                                  old_entry->vme_start)))) {
-               
+
+               assert(!old_entry->needs_copy);
+       } else if (old_entry->needs_copy ||       /* case 1 */
+           object->shadowed ||                 /* case 2 */
+           (!object->true_share &&             /* case 3 */
+           !old_entry->is_shared &&
+           (object->vo_size >
+           (vm_map_size_t)(old_entry->vme_end -
+           old_entry->vme_start)))) {
                /*
                 *      We need to create a shadow.
                 *      There are three cases here.
@@ -7900,12 +12419,10 @@ vm_map_fork_share(
                 *      (This is a preemptive version of
                 *      case 2.)
                 */
-               
-               vm_object_shadow(&old_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                &old_entry->offset,
-                                (vm_map_size_t) (old_entry->vme_end -
-                                                 old_entry->vme_start));
-               
+               VME_OBJECT_SHADOW(old_entry,
+                   (vm_map_size_t) (old_entry->vme_end -
+                   old_entry->vme_start));
+
                /*
                 *      If we're making a shadow for other than
                 *      copy on write reasons, then we have
@@ -7914,34 +12431,42 @@ vm_map_fork_share(
 
                if (!old_entry->needs_copy &&
                    (old_entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
-                       vm_prot_t prot;
+                       vm_prot_t prot;
+
+                       assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(old_map->pmap, old_entry->translated_allow_execute, old_entry->protection));
 
                        prot = old_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
 
-                       if (override_nx(old_map, old_entry->alias) && prot)
-                               prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                       assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(old_map->pmap, old_entry->translated_allow_execute, prot));
+
+                       if (override_nx(old_map, VME_ALIAS(old_entry)) && prot) {
+                               prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                       }
+
 
-                       if (old_map->mapped) {
+                       if (old_map->mapped_in_other_pmaps) {
                                vm_object_pmap_protect(
-                                       old_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                       old_entry->offset,
+                                       VME_OBJECT(old_entry),
+                                       VME_OFFSET(old_entry),
                                        (old_entry->vme_end -
-                                        old_entry->vme_start),
+                                       old_entry->vme_start),
                                        PMAP_NULL,
+                                       PAGE_SIZE,
                                        old_entry->vme_start,
                                        prot);
                        } else {
                                pmap_protect(old_map->pmap,
-                                            old_entry->vme_start,
-                                            old_entry->vme_end,
-                                            prot);
+                                   old_entry->vme_start,
+                                   old_entry->vme_end,
+                                   prot);
                        }
                }
-               
+
                old_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
-               object = old_entry->object.vm_object;
+               object = VME_OBJECT(old_entry);
        }
-       
+
+
        /*
         *      If object was using a symmetric copy strategy,
         *      change its copy strategy to the default
@@ -7950,11 +12475,11 @@ vm_map_fork_share(
         *      norma case. Bump the reference count for the
         *      new entry.
         */
-       
-       if(old_entry->is_sub_map) {
-               vm_map_lock(old_entry->object.sub_map);
-               vm_map_reference(old_entry->object.sub_map);
-               vm_map_unlock(old_entry->object.sub_map);
+
+       if (old_entry->is_sub_map) {
+               vm_map_lock(VME_SUBMAP(old_entry));
+               vm_map_reference(VME_SUBMAP(old_entry));
+               vm_map_unlock(VME_SUBMAP(old_entry));
        } else {
                vm_object_lock(object);
                vm_object_reference_locked(object);
@@ -7963,43 +12488,65 @@ vm_map_fork_share(
                }
                vm_object_unlock(object);
        }
-       
+
        /*
         *      Clone the entry, using object ref from above.
         *      Mark both entries as shared.
         */
-       
-       new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(new_map);
-       vm_map_entry_copy(new_entry, old_entry);
+
+       new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(new_map, FALSE); /* Never the kernel
+                                                         * map or descendants */
+       vm_map_entry_copy(old_map, new_entry, old_entry);
        old_entry->is_shared = TRUE;
        new_entry->is_shared = TRUE;
-       
+
+       /*
+        * We're dealing with a shared mapping, so the resulting mapping
+        * should inherit some of the original mapping's accounting settings.
+        * "iokit_acct" should have been cleared in vm_map_entry_copy().
+        * "use_pmap" should stay the same as before (if it hasn't been reset
+        * to TRUE when we cleared "iokit_acct").
+        */
+       assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+
+       /*
+        *      If old entry's inheritence is VM_INHERIT_NONE,
+        *      the new entry is for corpse fork, remove the
+        *      write permission from the new entry.
+        */
+       if (old_entry->inheritance == VM_INHERIT_NONE) {
+               new_entry->protection &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+               new_entry->max_protection &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+       }
+
        /*
         *      Insert the entry into the new map -- we
         *      know we're inserting at the end of the new
         *      map.
         */
-       
-       vm_map_entry_link(new_map, vm_map_last_entry(new_map), new_entry);
-       
+
+       vm_map_store_entry_link(new_map, vm_map_last_entry(new_map), new_entry,
+           VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE);
+
        /*
         *      Update the physical map
         */
-       
+
        if (old_entry->is_sub_map) {
                /* Bill Angell pmap support goes here */
        } else {
                pmap_copy(new_map->pmap, old_map->pmap, new_entry->vme_start,
-                         old_entry->vme_end - old_entry->vme_start,
-                         old_entry->vme_start);
+                   old_entry->vme_end - old_entry->vme_start,
+                   old_entry->vme_start);
        }
 }
 
 static boolean_t
 vm_map_fork_copy(
-       vm_map_t        old_map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  *old_entry_p,
-       vm_map_t        new_map)
+       vm_map_t        old_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  *old_entry_p,
+       vm_map_t        new_map,
+       int             vm_map_copyin_flags)
 {
        vm_map_entry_t old_entry = *old_entry_p;
        vm_map_size_t entry_size = old_entry->vme_end - old_entry->vme_start;
@@ -8014,7 +12561,9 @@ vm_map_fork_copy(
         *      be accessed, not just whether it's accessible
         *      right now.
         */
-       if (vm_map_copyin_maxprot(old_map, start, entry_size, FALSE, &copy)
+       vm_map_copyin_flags |= VM_MAP_COPYIN_USE_MAXPROT;
+       if (vm_map_copyin_internal(old_map, start, entry_size,
+           vm_map_copyin_flags, &copy)
            != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                /*
                 *      The map might have changed while it
@@ -8035,24 +12584,29 @@ vm_map_fork_copy(
                 *      that INVALID_ADDRESS and
                 *      PROTECTION_FAILURE are handled above.
                 */
-               
+
                return FALSE;
        }
-       
+
+       /*
+        * Assert that the vm_map_copy is coming from the right
+        * zone and hasn't been forged
+        */
+       vm_map_copy_require(copy);
+
        /*
         *      Insert the copy into the new map
         */
-       
        vm_map_copy_insert(new_map, last, copy);
-       
+
        /*
         *      Pick up the traversal at the end of
         *      the copied region.
         */
-       
+
        vm_map_lock(old_map);
        start += entry_size;
-       if (! vm_map_lookup_entry(old_map, start, &last)) {
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(old_map, start, &last)) {
                last = last->vme_next;
        } else {
                if (last->vme_start == start) {
@@ -8075,50 +12629,120 @@ vm_map_fork_copy(
  *
  *     Create and return a new map based on the old
  *     map, according to the inheritance values on the
- *     regions in that map.
+ *     regions in that map and the options.
  *
  *     The source map must not be locked.
  */
 vm_map_t
 vm_map_fork(
-       vm_map_t        old_map)
+       ledger_t        ledger,
+       vm_map_t        old_map,
+       int             options)
 {
-       pmap_t          new_pmap;
-       vm_map_t        new_map;
-       vm_map_entry_t  old_entry;
-       vm_map_size_t   new_size = 0, entry_size;
-       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry;
-       boolean_t       src_needs_copy;
-       boolean_t       new_entry_needs_copy;
+       pmap_t          new_pmap;
+       vm_map_t        new_map;
+       vm_map_entry_t  old_entry;
+       vm_map_size_t   new_size = 0, entry_size;
+       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry;
+       boolean_t       src_needs_copy;
+       boolean_t       new_entry_needs_copy;
+       boolean_t       pmap_is64bit;
+       int             vm_map_copyin_flags;
+       vm_inherit_t    old_entry_inheritance;
+       int             map_create_options;
+       kern_return_t   footprint_collect_kr;
+
+       if (options & ~(VM_MAP_FORK_SHARE_IF_INHERIT_NONE |
+           VM_MAP_FORK_PRESERVE_PURGEABLE |
+           VM_MAP_FORK_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT)) {
+               /* unsupported option */
+               return VM_MAP_NULL;
+       }
 
-       new_pmap = pmap_create((vm_map_size_t) 0,
+       pmap_is64bit =
 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
-                              old_map->pmap->pm_task_map != TASK_MAP_32BIT
+           old_map->pmap->pm_task_map != TASK_MAP_32BIT;
+#elif defined(__arm64__)
+           old_map->pmap->max == MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS;
+#elif defined(__arm__)
+           FALSE;
 #else
-                              0
+#error Unknown architecture.
 #endif
-                              );
-#if defined(__i386__)
-       if (old_map->pmap->pm_task_map == TASK_MAP_64BIT_SHARED)
-               pmap_set_4GB_pagezero(new_pmap);
+
+       unsigned int pmap_flags = 0;
+       pmap_flags |= pmap_is64bit ? PMAP_CREATE_64BIT : 0;
+#if defined(HAS_APPLE_PAC)
+       pmap_flags |= old_map->pmap->disable_jop ? PMAP_CREATE_DISABLE_JOP : 0;
 #endif
+#if PMAP_CREATE_FORCE_4K_PAGES
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(old_map) == FOURK_PAGE_SIZE &&
+           PAGE_SIZE != FOURK_PAGE_SIZE) {
+               pmap_flags |= PMAP_CREATE_FORCE_4K_PAGES;
+       }
+#endif /* PMAP_CREATE_FORCE_4K_PAGES */
+       new_pmap = pmap_create_options(ledger, (vm_map_size_t) 0, pmap_flags);
 
-       vm_map_reference_swap(old_map);
+       vm_map_reference(old_map);
        vm_map_lock(old_map);
 
-       new_map = vm_map_create(new_pmap,
-                               old_map->min_offset,
-                               old_map->max_offset,
-                               old_map->hdr.entries_pageable);
-
+       map_create_options = 0;
+       if (old_map->hdr.entries_pageable) {
+               map_create_options |= VM_MAP_CREATE_PAGEABLE;
+       }
+       if (options & VM_MAP_FORK_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT) {
+               map_create_options |= VM_MAP_CREATE_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT;
+               footprint_collect_kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+       new_map = vm_map_create_options(new_pmap,
+           old_map->min_offset,
+           old_map->max_offset,
+           map_create_options);
+       /* inherit cs_enforcement */
+       vm_map_cs_enforcement_set(new_map, old_map->cs_enforcement);
+       vm_map_lock(new_map);
+       vm_commit_pagezero_status(new_map);
+       /* inherit the parent map's page size */
+       vm_map_set_page_shift(new_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(old_map));
        for (
                old_entry = vm_map_first_entry(old_map);
                old_entry != vm_map_to_entry(old_map);
                ) {
-
                entry_size = old_entry->vme_end - old_entry->vme_start;
 
-               switch (old_entry->inheritance) {
+               old_entry_inheritance = old_entry->inheritance;
+               /*
+                * If caller used the VM_MAP_FORK_SHARE_IF_INHERIT_NONE option
+                * share VM_INHERIT_NONE entries that are not backed by a
+                * device pager.
+                */
+               if (old_entry_inheritance == VM_INHERIT_NONE &&
+                   (options & VM_MAP_FORK_SHARE_IF_INHERIT_NONE) &&
+                   (old_entry->protection & VM_PROT_READ) &&
+                   !(!old_entry->is_sub_map &&
+                   VME_OBJECT(old_entry) != NULL &&
+                   VME_OBJECT(old_entry)->pager != NULL &&
+                   is_device_pager_ops(
+                           VME_OBJECT(old_entry)->pager->mo_pager_ops))) {
+                       old_entry_inheritance = VM_INHERIT_SHARE;
+               }
+
+               if (old_entry_inheritance != VM_INHERIT_NONE &&
+                   (options & VM_MAP_FORK_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT) &&
+                   footprint_collect_kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       /*
+                        * The corpse won't have old_map->pmap to query
+                        * footprint information, so collect that data now
+                        * and store it in new_map->vmmap_corpse_footprint
+                        * for later autopsy.
+                        */
+                       footprint_collect_kr =
+                           vm_map_corpse_footprint_collect(old_map,
+                           old_entry,
+                           new_map);
+               }
+
+               switch (old_entry_inheritance) {
                case VM_INHERIT_NONE:
                        break;
 
@@ -8135,24 +12759,45 @@ vm_map_fork(
                         *      to vm_map_fork_copy.
                         */
 
-                       if(old_entry->is_sub_map)
+                       if (old_entry->is_sub_map) {
                                break;
+                       }
                        if ((old_entry->wired_count != 0) ||
-                           ((old_entry->object.vm_object != NULL) &&
-                            (old_entry->object.vm_object->true_share))) {
+                           ((VME_OBJECT(old_entry) != NULL) &&
+                           (VME_OBJECT(old_entry)->true_share))) {
                                goto slow_vm_map_fork_copy;
                        }
 
-                       new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(new_map);
-                       vm_map_entry_copy(new_entry, old_entry);
-                       /* clear address space specifics */
-                       new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+                       new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(new_map, FALSE); /* never the kernel map or descendants */
+                       vm_map_entry_copy(old_map, new_entry, old_entry);
+
+                       if (new_entry->used_for_jit == TRUE && new_map->jit_entry_exists == FALSE) {
+                               new_map->jit_entry_exists = TRUE;
+                       }
 
-                       if (! vm_object_copy_quickly(
-                                   &new_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                   old_entry->offset,
+                       if (new_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               /* clear address space specifics */
+                               new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * We're dealing with a copy-on-write operation,
+                                * so the resulting mapping should not inherit
+                                * the original mapping's accounting settings.
+                                * "iokit_acct" should have been cleared in
+                                * vm_map_entry_copy().
+                                * "use_pmap" should be reset to its default
+                                * (TRUE) so that the new mapping gets
+                                * accounted for in the task's memory footprint.
+                                */
+                               assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+                               new_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+                       }
+
+                       if (!vm_object_copy_quickly(
+                                   VME_OBJECT_PTR(new_entry),
+                                   VME_OFFSET(old_entry),
                                    (old_entry->vme_end -
-                                    old_entry->vme_start),
+                                   old_entry->vme_start),
                                    &src_needs_copy,
                                    &new_entry_needs_copy)) {
                                vm_map_entry_dispose(new_map, new_entry);
@@ -8162,43 +12807,61 @@ vm_map_fork(
                        /*
                         *      Handle copy-on-write obligations
                         */
-                       
+
                        if (src_needs_copy && !old_entry->needs_copy) {
-                               vm_prot_t prot;
+                               vm_prot_t prot;
+
+                               assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(old_map->pmap, old_entry->translated_allow_execute, old_entry->protection));
 
                                prot = old_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
 
-                               if (override_nx(old_map, old_entry->alias) && prot)
-                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               if (override_nx(old_map, VME_ALIAS(old_entry))
+                                   && prot) {
+                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               }
+
+                               assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(old_map->pmap, old_entry->translated_allow_execute, prot));
 
                                vm_object_pmap_protect(
-                                       old_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                       old_entry->offset,
+                                       VME_OBJECT(old_entry),
+                                       VME_OFFSET(old_entry),
                                        (old_entry->vme_end -
-                                        old_entry->vme_start),
-                                       ((old_entry->is_shared 
-                                         || old_map->mapped)
-                                        ? PMAP_NULL :
-                                        old_map->pmap),
+                                       old_entry->vme_start),
+                                       ((old_entry->is_shared
+                                       || old_map->mapped_in_other_pmaps)
+                                       ? PMAP_NULL :
+                                       old_map->pmap),
+                                       VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(old_map),
                                        old_entry->vme_start,
                                        prot);
 
+                               assert(old_entry->wired_count == 0);
                                old_entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
                        }
                        new_entry->needs_copy = new_entry_needs_copy;
-                       
+
                        /*
                         *      Insert the entry at the end
                         *      of the map.
                         */
-                       
-                       vm_map_entry_link(new_map, vm_map_last_entry(new_map),
-                                         new_entry);
+
+                       vm_map_store_entry_link(new_map,
+                           vm_map_last_entry(new_map),
+                           new_entry,
+                           VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE);
                        new_size += entry_size;
                        break;
 
-               slow_vm_map_fork_copy:
-                       if (vm_map_fork_copy(old_map, &old_entry, new_map)) {
+slow_vm_map_fork_copy:
+                       vm_map_copyin_flags = 0;
+                       if (options & VM_MAP_FORK_PRESERVE_PURGEABLE) {
+                               vm_map_copyin_flags |=
+                                   VM_MAP_COPYIN_PRESERVE_PURGEABLE;
+                       }
+                       if (vm_map_fork_copy(old_map,
+                           &old_entry,
+                           new_map,
+                           vm_map_copyin_flags)) {
                                new_size += entry_size;
                        }
                        continue;
@@ -8206,38 +12869,121 @@ vm_map_fork(
                old_entry = old_entry->vme_next;
        }
 
+#if defined(__arm64__)
+       pmap_insert_sharedpage(new_map->pmap);
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+
        new_map->size = new_size;
+
+       if (options & VM_MAP_FORK_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT) {
+               vm_map_corpse_footprint_collect_done(new_map);
+       }
+
+       /* Propagate JIT entitlement for the pmap layer. */
+       if (pmap_get_jit_entitled(old_map->pmap)) {
+               /* Tell the pmap that it supports JIT. */
+               pmap_set_jit_entitled(new_map->pmap);
+       }
+
+       vm_map_unlock(new_map);
        vm_map_unlock(old_map);
        vm_map_deallocate(old_map);
 
-       return(new_map);
+       return new_map;
 }
 
 /*
  * vm_map_exec:
  *
- *     Setup the "new_map" with the proper execution environment according
+ *      Setup the "new_map" with the proper execution environment according
  *     to the type of executable (platform, 64bit, chroot environment).
  *     Map the comm page and shared region, etc...
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_exec(
-       vm_map_t        new_map,
-       task_t          task,
-       void            *fsroot,
-       cpu_type_t      cpu)
+       vm_map_t        new_map,
+       task_t          task,
+       boolean_t       is64bit,
+       void            *fsroot,
+       cpu_type_t      cpu,
+       cpu_subtype_t   cpu_subtype,
+       boolean_t       reslide)
 {
        SHARED_REGION_TRACE_DEBUG(
-               ("shared_region: task %p: vm_map_exec(%p,%p,%p,0x%x): ->\n",
-                current_task(), new_map, task, fsroot, cpu));
-       (void) vm_commpage_enter(new_map, task);
-       (void) vm_shared_region_enter(new_map, task, fsroot, cpu);
+               ("shared_region: task %p: vm_map_exec(%p,%p,%p,0x%x,0x%x): ->\n",
+               (void *)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(current_task()),
+               (void *)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(new_map),
+               (void *)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(task),
+               (void *)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(fsroot),
+               cpu,
+               cpu_subtype));
+       (void) vm_commpage_enter(new_map, task, is64bit);
+
+       (void) vm_shared_region_enter(new_map, task, is64bit, fsroot, cpu, cpu_subtype, reslide);
+
        SHARED_REGION_TRACE_DEBUG(
-               ("shared_region: task %p: vm_map_exec(%p,%p,%p,0x%x): <-\n",
-                current_task(), new_map, task, fsroot, cpu));
+               ("shared_region: task %p: vm_map_exec(%p,%p,%p,0x%x,0x%x): <-\n",
+               (void *)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(current_task()),
+               (void *)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(new_map),
+               (void *)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(task),
+               (void *)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(fsroot),
+               cpu,
+               cpu_subtype));
+
+       /*
+        * Some devices have region(s) of memory that shouldn't get allocated by
+        * user processes. The following code creates dummy vm_map_entry_t's for each
+        * of the regions that needs to be reserved to prevent any allocations in
+        * those regions.
+        */
+       kern_return_t kr = KERN_FAILURE;
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t vmk_flags = VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE;
+       vmk_flags.vmkf_permanent = TRUE;
+       vmk_flags.vmkf_beyond_max = TRUE;
+
+       struct vm_reserved_region *regions = NULL;
+       size_t num_regions = ml_get_vm_reserved_regions(is64bit, &regions);
+       assert((num_regions == 0) || (num_regions > 0 && regions != NULL));
+
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions; ++i) {
+               kr = vm_map_enter(
+                       new_map,
+                       &regions[i].vmrr_addr,
+                       regions[i].vmrr_size,
+                       (vm_map_offset_t)0,
+                       VM_FLAGS_FIXED,
+                       vmk_flags,
+                       VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE,
+                       VM_OBJECT_NULL,
+                       (vm_object_offset_t)0,
+                       FALSE,
+                       VM_PROT_NONE,
+                       VM_PROT_NONE,
+                       VM_INHERIT_NONE);
+
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       panic("Failed to reserve %s region in user map %p %d", regions[i].vmrr_name, new_map, kr);
+               }
+       }
+
+       new_map->reserved_regions = (num_regions ? TRUE : FALSE);
+
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_count = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_size = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_max = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_restart = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_error = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_count = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_size = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_max = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_restart = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_error = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_shadow_count = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_shadow_size = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_shadow_max = 0;
 /*
  *     vm_map_lookup_locked:
  *
@@ -8251,6 +12997,9 @@ vm_map_exec(
  *     this map has the only reference to the data in question.
  *     In order to later verify this lookup, a "version"
  *     is returned.
+ *     If contended != NULL, *contended will be set to
+ *     true iff the thread had to spin or block to acquire
+ *     an exclusive lock.
  *
  *     The map MUST be locked by the caller and WILL be
  *     locked on exit.  In order to guarantee the
@@ -8264,29 +13013,55 @@ vm_map_exec(
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_lookup_locked(
-       vm_map_t                *var_map,       /* IN/OUT */
-       vm_map_offset_t         vaddr,
-       vm_prot_t               fault_type,
-       int                     object_lock_type,
-       vm_map_version_t        *out_version,   /* OUT */
-       vm_object_t             *object,        /* OUT */
-       vm_object_offset_t      *offset,        /* OUT */
-       vm_prot_t               *out_prot,      /* OUT */
-       boolean_t               *wired,         /* OUT */
-       vm_object_fault_info_t  fault_info,     /* OUT */
-       vm_map_t                *real_map)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
-       register vm_map_t               map = *var_map;
-       vm_map_t                        old_map = *var_map;
-       vm_map_t                        cow_sub_map_parent = VM_MAP_NULL;
-       vm_map_offset_t                 cow_parent_vaddr = 0;
-       vm_map_offset_t                 old_start = 0;
-       vm_map_offset_t                 old_end = 0;
-       register vm_prot_t              prot;
+       vm_map_t                *var_map,       /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_offset_t         vaddr,
+       vm_prot_t               fault_type,
+       int                     object_lock_type,
+       vm_map_version_t        *out_version,   /* OUT */
+       vm_object_t             *object,        /* OUT */
+       vm_object_offset_t      *offset,        /* OUT */
+       vm_prot_t               *out_prot,      /* OUT */
+       boolean_t               *wired,         /* OUT */
+       vm_object_fault_info_t  fault_info,     /* OUT */
+       vm_map_t                *real_map,      /* OUT */
+       bool                    *contended)     /* OUT */
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
+       vm_map_t                        map = *var_map;
+       vm_map_t                        old_map = *var_map;
+       vm_map_t                        cow_sub_map_parent = VM_MAP_NULL;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 cow_parent_vaddr = 0;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 old_start = 0;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 old_end = 0;
+       vm_prot_t                       prot;
+       boolean_t                       mask_protections;
+       boolean_t                       force_copy;
+       boolean_t                       no_force_copy_if_executable;
+       boolean_t                       submap_needed_copy;
+       vm_prot_t                       original_fault_type;
+       vm_map_size_t                   fault_page_mask;
+
+       /*
+        * VM_PROT_MASK means that the caller wants us to use "fault_type"
+        * as a mask against the mapping's actual protections, not as an
+        * absolute value.
+        */
+       mask_protections = (fault_type & VM_PROT_IS_MASK) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+       force_copy = (fault_type & VM_PROT_COPY) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+       no_force_copy_if_executable = (fault_type & VM_PROT_COPY_FAIL_IF_EXECUTABLE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+       fault_type &= VM_PROT_ALL;
+       original_fault_type = fault_type;
+       if (contended) {
+               *contended = false;
+       }
 
        *real_map = map;
-RetryLookup: ;
+
+       fault_page_mask = MIN(VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map), PAGE_MASK);
+       vaddr = VM_MAP_TRUNC_PAGE(vaddr, fault_page_mask);
+
+RetryLookup:
+       fault_type = original_fault_type;
 
        /*
         *      If the map has an interesting hint, try it before calling
@@ -8296,24 +13071,26 @@ RetryLookup: ;
 
        if ((entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) ||
            (vaddr < entry->vme_start) || (vaddr >= entry->vme_end)) {
-               vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;
+               vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;
 
                /*
                 *      Entry was either not a valid hint, or the vaddr
                 *      was not contained in the entry, so do a full lookup.
                 */
                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, vaddr, &tmp_entry)) {
-                       if((cow_sub_map_parent) && (cow_sub_map_parent != map))
+                       if ((cow_sub_map_parent) && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(cow_sub_map_parent);
-                       if((*real_map != map) 
-                          && (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent))
+                       }
+                       if ((*real_map != map)
+                           && (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(*real_map);
+                       }
                        return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
 
                entry = tmp_entry;
        }
-       if(map == old_map) {
+       if (map == old_map) {
                old_start = entry->vme_start;
                old_end = entry->vme_end;
        }
@@ -8323,34 +13100,50 @@ RetryLookup: ;
         *      returned locked.
         */
 
+       submap_needed_copy = FALSE;
 submap_recurse:
        if (entry->is_sub_map) {
-               vm_map_offset_t         local_vaddr;
-               vm_map_offset_t         end_delta;
-               vm_map_offset_t         start_delta; 
-               vm_map_entry_t          submap_entry;
-               boolean_t               mapped_needs_copy=FALSE;
+               vm_map_offset_t         local_vaddr;
+               vm_map_offset_t         end_delta;
+               vm_map_offset_t         start_delta;
+               vm_map_entry_t          submap_entry, saved_submap_entry;
+               vm_object_offset_t      submap_entry_offset;
+               vm_object_size_t        submap_entry_size;
+               vm_prot_t               subentry_protection;
+               vm_prot_t               subentry_max_protection;
+               boolean_t               subentry_no_copy_on_read;
+               boolean_t               mapped_needs_copy = FALSE;
+               vm_map_version_t        version;
+
+               assertf(VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(VME_SUBMAP(entry)) >= VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map),
+                   "map %p (%d) entry %p submap %p (%d)\n",
+                   map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map), entry,
+                   VME_SUBMAP(entry), VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(VME_SUBMAP(entry)));
 
                local_vaddr = vaddr;
 
-               if ((entry->use_pmap && !(fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE))) {
+               if ((entry->use_pmap &&
+                   !((fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) ||
+                   force_copy))) {
                        /* if real_map equals map we unlock below */
-                       if ((*real_map != map) && 
-                           (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent))
+                       if ((*real_map != map) &&
+                           (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(*real_map);
-                       *real_map = entry->object.sub_map;
+                       }
+                       *real_map = VME_SUBMAP(entry);
                }
 
-               if(entry->needs_copy && (fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
+               if (entry->needs_copy &&
+                   ((fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) ||
+                   force_copy)) {
                        if (!mapped_needs_copy) {
                                if (vm_map_lock_read_to_write(map)) {
                                        vm_map_lock_read(map);
-                                       /* XXX FBDP: entry still valid ? */
-                                       if(*real_map == entry->object.sub_map)
-                                               *real_map = map;
+                                       *real_map = map;
                                        goto RetryLookup;
                                }
-                               vm_map_lock_read(entry->object.sub_map);
+                               vm_map_lock_read(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+                               *var_map = VME_SUBMAP(entry);
                                cow_sub_map_parent = map;
                                /* reset base to map before cow object */
                                /* this is the map which will accept   */
@@ -8360,35 +13153,44 @@ submap_recurse:
                                cow_parent_vaddr = vaddr;
                                mapped_needs_copy = TRUE;
                        } else {
-                               vm_map_lock_read(entry->object.sub_map);
-                               if((cow_sub_map_parent != map) &&
-                                  (*real_map != map))
+                               vm_map_lock_read(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+                               *var_map = VME_SUBMAP(entry);
+                               if ((cow_sub_map_parent != map) &&
+                                   (*real_map != map)) {
                                        vm_map_unlock(map);
+                               }
                        }
                } else {
-                       vm_map_lock_read(entry->object.sub_map);
+                       if (entry->needs_copy) {
+                               submap_needed_copy = TRUE;
+                       }
+                       vm_map_lock_read(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+                       *var_map = VME_SUBMAP(entry);
                        /* leave map locked if it is a target */
                        /* cow sub_map above otherwise, just  */
                        /* follow the maps down to the object */
                        /* here we unlock knowing we are not  */
                        /* revisiting the map.  */
-                       if((*real_map != map) && (map != cow_sub_map_parent))
+                       if ((*real_map != map) && (map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
                                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                       }
                }
 
-               /* XXX FBDP: map has been unlocked, what protects "entry" !? */
-               *var_map = map = entry->object.sub_map;
+               map = *var_map;
 
                /* calculate the offset in the submap for vaddr */
-               local_vaddr = (local_vaddr - entry->vme_start) + entry->offset;
-
-       RetrySubMap:
-               if(!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, local_vaddr, &submap_entry)) {
-                       if((cow_sub_map_parent) && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)){
+               local_vaddr = (local_vaddr - entry->vme_start) + VME_OFFSET(entry);
+               assertf(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(local_vaddr, fault_page_mask),
+                   "local_vaddr 0x%llx entry->vme_start 0x%llx fault_page_mask 0x%llx\n",
+                   (uint64_t)local_vaddr, (uint64_t)entry->vme_start, (uint64_t)fault_page_mask);
+
+RetrySubMap:
+               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, local_vaddr, &submap_entry)) {
+                       if ((cow_sub_map_parent) && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(cow_sub_map_parent);
                        }
-                       if((*real_map != map) 
-                          && (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
+                       if ((*real_map != map)
+                           && (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(*real_map);
                        }
                        *real_map = map;
@@ -8405,32 +13207,36 @@ submap_recurse:
                /* ultimately be clipped in the top map will only need    */
                /* to be as big as the portion of the underlying entry    */
                /* which is mapped */
-               start_delta = submap_entry->vme_start > entry->offset ?
-                       submap_entry->vme_start - entry->offset : 0;
+               start_delta = submap_entry->vme_start > VME_OFFSET(entry) ?
+                   submap_entry->vme_start - VME_OFFSET(entry) : 0;
 
-               end_delta = 
-                       (entry->offset + start_delta + (old_end - old_start)) <=
-                       submap_entry->vme_end ?
-                       0 : (entry->offset + 
-                            (old_end - old_start))
-                       - submap_entry->vme_end; 
+               end_delta =
+                   (VME_OFFSET(entry) + start_delta + (old_end - old_start)) <=
+                   submap_entry->vme_end ?
+                   0 : (VME_OFFSET(entry) +
+                   (old_end - old_start))
+                   - submap_entry->vme_end;
 
                old_start += start_delta;
                old_end -= end_delta;
 
-               if(submap_entry->is_sub_map) {
+               if (submap_entry->is_sub_map) {
                        entry = submap_entry;
                        vaddr = local_vaddr;
                        goto submap_recurse;
                }
 
-               if(((fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) && cow_sub_map_parent)) {
-
-                       vm_object_t     sub_object, copy_object;
+               if (((fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) ||
+                   force_copy)
+                   && cow_sub_map_parent) {
+                       vm_object_t     sub_object, copy_object;
                        vm_object_offset_t copy_offset;
-                       vm_map_offset_t local_start;
-                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
-                       boolean_t               copied_slowly = FALSE;
+                       vm_map_offset_t local_start;
+                       vm_map_offset_t local_end;
+                       boolean_t       object_copied = FALSE;
+                       vm_object_offset_t object_copied_offset = 0;
+                       boolean_t       object_copied_needs_copy = FALSE;
+                       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
 
                        if (vm_map_lock_read_to_write(map)) {
                                vm_map_lock_read(map);
@@ -8440,73 +13246,237 @@ submap_recurse:
                        }
 
 
-                       sub_object = submap_entry->object.vm_object;
+                       sub_object = VME_OBJECT(submap_entry);
                        if (sub_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                                sub_object =
-                                       vm_object_allocate(
-                                               (vm_map_size_t)
-                                               (submap_entry->vme_end -
-                                                submap_entry->vme_start));
-                               submap_entry->object.vm_object = sub_object;
-                               submap_entry->offset = 0;
-                       }
-                       local_start =  local_vaddr - 
-                               (cow_parent_vaddr - old_start);
-                       local_end = local_vaddr + 
-                               (old_end - cow_parent_vaddr);
+                                   vm_object_allocate(
+                                       (vm_map_size_t)
+                                       (submap_entry->vme_end -
+                                       submap_entry->vme_start));
+                               VME_OBJECT_SET(submap_entry, sub_object);
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(submap_entry, 0);
+                               assert(!submap_entry->is_sub_map);
+                               assert(submap_entry->use_pmap);
+                       }
+                       local_start =  local_vaddr -
+                           (cow_parent_vaddr - old_start);
+                       local_end = local_vaddr +
+                           (old_end - cow_parent_vaddr);
                        vm_map_clip_start(map, submap_entry, local_start);
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, submap_entry, local_end);
-                       /* unnesting was done in vm_map_clip_start/end() */
-                       assert(!submap_entry->use_pmap);
+                       if (submap_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               /* unnesting was done when clipping */
+                               assert(!submap_entry->use_pmap);
+                       }
 
                        /* This is the COW case, lets connect */
                        /* an entry in our space to the underlying */
                        /* object in the submap, bypassing the  */
                        /* submap. */
+                       submap_entry_offset = VME_OFFSET(submap_entry);
+                       submap_entry_size = submap_entry->vme_end - submap_entry->vme_start;
+
+                       if ((submap_entry->wired_count != 0 ||
+                           sub_object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) &&
+                           (submap_entry->protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+                           no_force_copy_if_executable) {
+//                             printf("FBDP map %p entry %p start 0x%llx end 0x%llx wired %d strat %d\n", map, submap_entry, (uint64_t)local_start, (uint64_t)local_end, submap_entry->wired_count, sub_object->copy_strategy);
+                               if ((cow_sub_map_parent) && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)) {
+                                       vm_map_unlock(cow_sub_map_parent);
+                               }
+                               if ((*real_map != map)
+                                   && (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
+                                       vm_map_unlock(*real_map);
+                               }
+                               *real_map = map;
+                               vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
+                               kr = KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+                               DTRACE_VM4(submap_no_copy_executable,
+                                   vm_map_t, map,
+                                   vm_object_offset_t, submap_entry_offset,
+                                   vm_object_size_t, submap_entry_size,
+                                   int, kr);
+                               return kr;
+                       }
+
+                       if (submap_entry->wired_count != 0) {
+                               vm_object_reference(sub_object);
 
+                               assertf(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(VME_OFFSET(submap_entry), VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
+                                   "submap_entry %p offset 0x%llx\n",
+                                   submap_entry, VME_OFFSET(submap_entry));
+
+                               DTRACE_VM6(submap_copy_slowly,
+                                   vm_map_t, cow_sub_map_parent,
+                                   vm_map_offset_t, vaddr,
+                                   vm_map_t, map,
+                                   vm_object_size_t, submap_entry_size,
+                                   int, submap_entry->wired_count,
+                                   int, sub_object->copy_strategy);
+
+                               saved_submap_entry = submap_entry;
+                               version.main_timestamp = map->timestamp;
+                               vm_map_unlock(map); /* Increments timestamp by 1 */
+                               submap_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
 
-                       if(submap_entry->wired_count != 0 ||
-                          (sub_object->copy_strategy ==
-                           MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE)) {
                                vm_object_lock(sub_object);
-                               vm_object_copy_slowly(sub_object,
-                                                     submap_entry->offset,
-                                                     (submap_entry->vme_end -
-                                                      submap_entry->vme_start),
-                                                     FALSE,
-                                                     &copy_object);
-                               copied_slowly = TRUE;
+                               kr = vm_object_copy_slowly(sub_object,
+                                   submap_entry_offset,
+                                   submap_entry_size,
+                                   FALSE,
+                                   &copy_object);
+                               object_copied = TRUE;
+                               object_copied_offset = 0;
+                               /* 4k: account for extra offset in physical page */
+                               object_copied_offset += submap_entry_offset - vm_object_trunc_page(submap_entry_offset);
+                               object_copied_needs_copy = FALSE;
+                               vm_object_deallocate(sub_object);
+
+                               vm_map_lock(map);
+
+                               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS &&
+                                   kr != KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
+                                       if ((cow_sub_map_parent) && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)) {
+                                               vm_map_unlock(cow_sub_map_parent);
+                                       }
+                                       if ((*real_map != map)
+                                           && (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
+                                               vm_map_unlock(*real_map);
+                                       }
+                                       *real_map = map;
+                                       vm_object_deallocate(copy_object);
+                                       copy_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+                                       vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
+                                       DTRACE_VM4(submap_copy_error_slowly,
+                                           vm_object_t, sub_object,
+                                           vm_object_offset_t, submap_entry_offset,
+                                           vm_object_size_t, submap_entry_size,
+                                           int, kr);
+                                       vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_error++;
+                                       return kr;
+                               }
+
+                               if ((kr == KERN_SUCCESS) &&
+                                   (version.main_timestamp + 1) == map->timestamp) {
+                                       submap_entry = saved_submap_entry;
+                               } else {
+                                       saved_submap_entry = NULL;
+                                       old_start -= start_delta;
+                                       old_end += end_delta;
+                                       vm_object_deallocate(copy_object);
+                                       copy_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+                                       vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
+                                       vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_restart++;
+                                       goto RetrySubMap;
+                               }
+                               vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_count++;
+                               vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_size += submap_entry_size;
+                               if (submap_entry_size > vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_max) {
+                                       vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_slowly_max = submap_entry_size;
+                               }
+                       } else if (sub_object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
+                               submap_entry_offset = VME_OFFSET(submap_entry);
+                               copy_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+                               object_copied_offset = submap_entry_offset;
+                               object_copied_needs_copy = FALSE;
+                               DTRACE_VM6(submap_copy_strategically,
+                                   vm_map_t, cow_sub_map_parent,
+                                   vm_map_offset_t, vaddr,
+                                   vm_map_t, map,
+                                   vm_object_size_t, submap_entry_size,
+                                   int, submap_entry->wired_count,
+                                   int, sub_object->copy_strategy);
+                               kr = vm_object_copy_strategically(
+                                       sub_object,
+                                       submap_entry_offset,
+                                       submap_entry->vme_end - submap_entry->vme_start,
+                                       &copy_object,
+                                       &object_copied_offset,
+                                       &object_copied_needs_copy);
+                               if (kr == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
+                                       old_start -= start_delta;
+                                       old_end += end_delta;
+                                       vm_object_deallocate(copy_object);
+                                       copy_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+                                       vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
+                                       vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_restart++;
+                                       goto RetrySubMap;
+                               }
+                               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                                       if ((cow_sub_map_parent) && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)) {
+                                               vm_map_unlock(cow_sub_map_parent);
+                                       }
+                                       if ((*real_map != map)
+                                           && (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
+                                               vm_map_unlock(*real_map);
+                                       }
+                                       *real_map = map;
+                                       vm_object_deallocate(copy_object);
+                                       copy_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+                                       vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
+                                       DTRACE_VM4(submap_copy_error_strategically,
+                                           vm_object_t, sub_object,
+                                           vm_object_offset_t, submap_entry_offset,
+                                           vm_object_size_t, submap_entry_size,
+                                           int, kr);
+                                       vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_error++;
+                                       return kr;
+                               }
+                               assert(copy_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+                               assert(copy_object != sub_object);
+                               object_copied = TRUE;
+                               vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_count++;
+                               vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_size += submap_entry_size;
+                               if (submap_entry_size > vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_max) {
+                                       vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_strategically_max = submap_entry_size;
+                               }
                        } else {
-                               
                                /* set up shadow object */
+                               object_copied = FALSE;
                                copy_object = sub_object;
-                               vm_object_reference(copy_object);
+                               vm_object_lock(sub_object);
+                               vm_object_reference_locked(sub_object);
                                sub_object->shadowed = TRUE;
+                               vm_object_unlock(sub_object);
+
+                               assert(submap_entry->wired_count == 0);
                                submap_entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
 
-                               prot = submap_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+                               prot = submap_entry->protection;
+                               assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(map->pmap, submap_entry->translated_allow_execute, prot));
+                               prot = prot & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+                               assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(map->pmap, submap_entry->translated_allow_execute, prot));
 
-                               if (override_nx(map, submap_entry->alias) && prot)
-                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               if (override_nx(old_map,
+                                   VME_ALIAS(submap_entry))
+                                   && prot) {
+                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               }
 
                                vm_object_pmap_protect(
                                        sub_object,
-                                       submap_entry->offset,
-                                       submap_entry->vme_end - 
+                                       VME_OFFSET(submap_entry),
+                                       submap_entry->vme_end -
                                        submap_entry->vme_start,
-                                       (submap_entry->is_shared 
-                                        || map->mapped) ?
+                                       (submap_entry->is_shared
+                                       || map->mapped_in_other_pmaps) ?
                                        PMAP_NULL : map->pmap,
+                                       VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map),
                                        submap_entry->vme_start,
                                        prot);
+                               vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_shadow_count++;
+                               vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_shadow_size += submap_entry_size;
+                               if (submap_entry_size > vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_shadow_max) {
+                                       vm_map_lookup_locked_copy_shadow_max = submap_entry_size;
+                               }
                        }
-                       
+
                        /*
                         * Adjust the fault offset to the submap entry.
                         */
                        copy_offset = (local_vaddr -
-                                      submap_entry->vme_start +
-                                      submap_entry->offset);
+                           submap_entry->vme_start +
+                           VME_OFFSET(submap_entry));
 
                        /* This works diffently than the   */
                        /* normal submap case. We go back  */
@@ -8515,7 +13485,12 @@ submap_recurse:
                        /* the sub_map, substituting the   */
                        /* new copy object,                */
 
+                       subentry_protection = submap_entry->protection;
+                       subentry_max_protection = submap_entry->max_protection;
+                       subentry_no_copy_on_read = submap_entry->vme_no_copy_on_read;
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       submap_entry = NULL; /* not valid after map unlock */
+
                        local_start = old_start;
                        local_end = old_end;
                        map = cow_sub_map_parent;
@@ -8523,14 +13498,28 @@ submap_recurse:
                        vaddr = cow_parent_vaddr;
                        cow_sub_map_parent = NULL;
 
-                       if(!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, 
-                                               vaddr, &entry)) {
+                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map,
+                           vaddr, &entry)) {
+                               if ((cow_sub_map_parent) && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)) {
+                                       vm_map_unlock(cow_sub_map_parent);
+                               }
+                               if ((*real_map != map)
+                                   && (*real_map != cow_sub_map_parent)) {
+                                       vm_map_unlock(*real_map);
+                               }
+                               *real_map = map;
                                vm_object_deallocate(
                                        copy_object);
+                               copy_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
                                vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
+                               DTRACE_VM4(submap_lookup_post_unlock,
+                                   uint64_t, (uint64_t)entry->vme_start,
+                                   uint64_t, (uint64_t)entry->vme_end,
+                                   vm_map_offset_t, vaddr,
+                                   int, object_copied);
                                return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
-                                       
+
                        /* clip out the portion of space */
                        /* mapped by the sub map which   */
                        /* corresponds to the underlying */
@@ -8540,8 +13529,8 @@ submap_recurse:
                         * Clip (and unnest) the smallest nested chunk
                         * possible around the faulting address...
                         */
-                       local_start = vaddr & ~(pmap_nesting_size_min - 1);
-                       local_end = local_start + pmap_nesting_size_min;
+                       local_start = vaddr & ~(pmap_shared_region_size_min(map->pmap) - 1);
+                       local_end = local_start + pmap_shared_region_size_min(map->pmap);
                        /*
                         * ... but don't go beyond the "old_start" to "old_end"
                         * range, to avoid spanning over another VM region
@@ -8560,46 +13549,93 @@ submap_recurse:
 
                        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, local_start);
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, local_end);
-                       /* unnesting was done in vm_map_clip_start/end() */
-                       assert(!entry->use_pmap);
+                       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               /* unnesting was done when clipping */
+                               assert(!entry->use_pmap);
+                       }
 
                        /* substitute copy object for */
                        /* shared map entry           */
-                       vm_map_deallocate(entry->object.sub_map);
+                       vm_map_deallocate(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+                       assert(!entry->iokit_acct);
                        entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
-                       entry->object.vm_object = copy_object;
+                       entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+                       VME_OBJECT_SET(entry, copy_object);
 
                        /* propagate the submap entry's protections */
-                       entry->protection |= submap_entry->protection;
-                       entry->max_protection |= submap_entry->max_protection;
+                       if (entry->protection != VM_PROT_READ) {
+                               /*
+                                * Someone has already altered the top entry's
+                                * protections via vm_protect(VM_PROT_COPY).
+                                * Respect these new values and ignore the
+                                * submap entry's protections.
+                                */
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * Regular copy-on-write: propagate the submap
+                                * entry's protections to the top map entry.
+                                */
+                               entry->protection |= subentry_protection;
+                       }
+                       entry->max_protection |= subentry_max_protection;
+                       /* propagate no_copy_on_read */
+                       entry->vme_no_copy_on_read = subentry_no_copy_on_read;
+
+                       if ((entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) &&
+                           (entry->protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) &&
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+                           map->pmap != kernel_pmap &&
+                           (vm_map_cs_enforcement(map)
+#if __arm64__
+                           || !VM_MAP_IS_EXOTIC(map)
+#endif /* __arm64__ */
+                           ) &&
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+                           !(entry->used_for_jit) &&
+                           VM_MAP_POLICY_WX_STRIP_X(map)) {
+                               DTRACE_VM3(cs_wx,
+                                   uint64_t, (uint64_t)entry->vme_start,
+                                   uint64_t, (uint64_t)entry->vme_end,
+                                   vm_prot_t, entry->protection);
+                               printf("CODE SIGNING: %d[%s] %s can't have both write and exec at the same time\n",
+                                   proc_selfpid(),
+                                   (current_task()->bsd_info
+                                   ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                                   : "?"),
+                                   __FUNCTION__);
+                               entry->protection &= ~VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                       }
 
-                       if(copied_slowly) {
-                               entry->offset = local_start - old_start;
-                               entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
+                       if (object_copied) {
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, local_start - old_start + object_copied_offset);
+                               entry->needs_copy = object_copied_needs_copy;
                                entry->is_shared = FALSE;
                        } else {
-                               entry->offset = copy_offset;
+                               assert(VME_OBJECT(entry) != VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+                               assert(VME_OBJECT(entry)->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC);
+                               assert(entry->wired_count == 0);
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, copy_offset);
                                entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
-                               if(entry->inheritance == VM_INHERIT_SHARE) 
-                                       entry->inheritance = VM_INHERIT_COPY;
-                               if (map != old_map)
+                               if (map != old_map) {
                                        entry->is_shared = TRUE;
+                               }
                        }
-                       if(entry->inheritance == VM_INHERIT_SHARE) 
+                       if (entry->inheritance == VM_INHERIT_SHARE) {
                                entry->inheritance = VM_INHERIT_COPY;
+                       }
 
                        vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
                } else {
-                       if((cow_sub_map_parent)
-                          && (cow_sub_map_parent != *real_map)
-                          && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)) {
+                       if ((cow_sub_map_parent)
+                           && (cow_sub_map_parent != *real_map)
+                           && (cow_sub_map_parent != map)) {
                                vm_map_unlock(cow_sub_map_parent);
                        }
                        entry = submap_entry;
                        vaddr = local_vaddr;
                }
        }
-               
+
        /*
         *      Check whether this task is allowed to have
         *      this page.
@@ -8607,21 +13643,34 @@ submap_recurse:
 
        prot = entry->protection;
 
-       if (override_nx(map, entry->alias) && prot) {
-               /*
+       if (override_nx(old_map, VME_ALIAS(entry)) && prot) {
+               /*
                 * HACK -- if not a stack, then allow execution
                 */
-               prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+               prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
        }
 
-       if ((fault_type & (prot)) != fault_type) {
+       if (mask_protections) {
+               fault_type &= prot;
+               if (fault_type == VM_PROT_NONE) {
+                       goto protection_failure;
+               }
+       }
+       if (((fault_type & prot) != fault_type)
+#if __arm64__
+           /* prefetch abort in execute-only page */
+           && !(prot == VM_PROT_EXECUTE && fault_type == (VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE))
+#endif
+           ) {
+protection_failure:
                if (*real_map != map) {
                        vm_map_unlock(*real_map);
                }
                *real_map = map;
 
-               if ((fault_type & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) && prot)
-                       log_stack_execution_failure((addr64_t)vaddr, prot);
+               if ((fault_type & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) && prot) {
+                       log_stack_execution_failure((addr64_t)vaddr, prot);
+               }
 
                DTRACE_VM2(prot_fault, int, 1, (uint64_t *), NULL);
                return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
@@ -8633,15 +13682,16 @@ submap_recurse:
         */
 
        *wired = (entry->wired_count != 0);
-       if (*wired)
-               fault_type = prot;
+       if (*wired) {
+               fault_type = prot;
+       }
 
        /*
         *      If the entry was copy-on-write, we either ...
         */
 
        if (entry->needs_copy) {
-               /*
+               /*
                 *      If we want to write the page, we may as well
                 *      handle that now since we've got the map locked.
                 *
@@ -8649,7 +13699,7 @@ submap_recurse:
                 *      demote the permissions allowed.
                 */
 
-               if ((fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) || *wired) {
+               if ((fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) || *wired || force_copy) {
                        /*
                         *      Make a new object, and place it in the
                         *      object chain.  Note that no new references
@@ -8661,16 +13711,20 @@ submap_recurse:
                                vm_map_lock_read(map);
                                goto RetryLookup;
                        }
-                       vm_object_shadow(&entry->object.vm_object,
-                                        &entry->offset,
-                                        (vm_map_size_t) (entry->vme_end -
-                                                         entry->vme_start));
 
-                       entry->object.vm_object->shadowed = TRUE;
+                       if (VME_OBJECT(entry)->shadowed == FALSE) {
+                               vm_object_lock(VME_OBJECT(entry));
+                               VME_OBJECT(entry)->shadowed = TRUE;
+                               vm_object_unlock(VME_OBJECT(entry));
+                       }
+                       VME_OBJECT_SHADOW(entry,
+                           (vm_map_size_t) (entry->vme_end -
+                           entry->vme_start));
                        entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
+
                        vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
                }
-               else {
+               if ((fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0 && *wired == 0) {
                        /*
                         *      We're attempting to read a copy-on-write
                         *      page -- don't allow writes.
@@ -8680,19 +13734,34 @@ submap_recurse:
                }
        }
 
+       if (submap_needed_copy && (prot & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
+               /*
+                * We went through a "needs_copy" submap without triggering
+                * a copy, so granting write access to the page would bypass
+                * that submap's "needs_copy".
+                */
+               assert(!(fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE));
+               assert(!*wired);
+               assert(!force_copy);
+               // printf("FBDP %d[%s] submap_needed_copy for %p 0x%llx\n", proc_selfpid(), proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info), map, vaddr);
+               prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+       }
+
        /*
         *      Create an object if necessary.
         */
-       if (entry->object.vm_object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-
+       if (VME_OBJECT(entry) == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                if (vm_map_lock_read_to_write(map)) {
                        vm_map_lock_read(map);
                        goto RetryLookup;
                }
 
-               entry->object.vm_object = vm_object_allocate(
-                       (vm_map_size_t)(entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start));
-               entry->offset = 0;
+               VME_OBJECT_SET(entry,
+                   vm_object_allocate(
+                           (vm_map_size_t)(entry->vme_end -
+                           entry->vme_start)));
+               VME_OFFSET_SET(entry, 0);
+               assert(entry->use_pmap);
                vm_map_lock_write_to_read(map);
        }
 
@@ -8702,31 +13771,66 @@ submap_recurse:
         *      return the protection.
         */
 
-        *offset = (vaddr - entry->vme_start) + entry->offset;
-        *object = entry->object.vm_object;
+       *offset = (vaddr - entry->vme_start) + VME_OFFSET(entry);
+       *object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
        *out_prot = prot;
+       KDBG_FILTERED(MACHDBG_CODE(DBG_MACH_WORKINGSET, VM_MAP_LOOKUP_OBJECT), VM_KERNEL_UNSLIDE_OR_PERM(*object), (unsigned long) VME_ALIAS(entry), 0, 0);
 
        if (fault_info) {
                fault_info->interruptible = THREAD_UNINT; /* for now... */
                /* ... the caller will change "interruptible" if needed */
-               fault_info->cluster_size = 0;
-               fault_info->user_tag = entry->alias;
-               fault_info->behavior = entry->behavior;
-               fault_info->lo_offset = entry->offset;
-               fault_info->hi_offset = (entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start) + entry->offset;
+               fault_info->cluster_size = 0;
+               fault_info->user_tag = VME_ALIAS(entry);
+               fault_info->pmap_options = 0;
+               if (entry->iokit_acct ||
+                   (!entry->is_sub_map && !entry->use_pmap)) {
+                       fault_info->pmap_options |= PMAP_OPTIONS_ALT_ACCT;
+               }
+               fault_info->behavior = entry->behavior;
+               fault_info->lo_offset = VME_OFFSET(entry);
+               fault_info->hi_offset =
+                   (entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start) + VME_OFFSET(entry);
                fault_info->no_cache  = entry->no_cache;
                fault_info->stealth = FALSE;
+               fault_info->io_sync = FALSE;
+               if (entry->used_for_jit ||
+                   entry->vme_resilient_codesign) {
+                       fault_info->cs_bypass = TRUE;
+               } else {
+                       fault_info->cs_bypass = FALSE;
+               }
+               fault_info->pmap_cs_associated = FALSE;
+#if CONFIG_PMAP_CS
+               if (entry->pmap_cs_associated) {
+                       /*
+                        * The pmap layer will validate this page
+                        * before allowing it to be executed from.
+                        */
+                       fault_info->pmap_cs_associated = TRUE;
+               }
+#endif /* CONFIG_PMAP_CS */
                fault_info->mark_zf_absent = FALSE;
+               fault_info->batch_pmap_op = FALSE;
+               fault_info->resilient_media = entry->vme_resilient_media;
+               fault_info->no_copy_on_read = entry->vme_no_copy_on_read;
+               if (entry->translated_allow_execute) {
+                       fault_info->pmap_options |= PMAP_OPTIONS_TRANSLATED_ALLOW_EXECUTE;
+               }
        }
 
        /*
         *      Lock the object to prevent it from disappearing
         */
-       if (object_lock_type == OBJECT_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE)
-               vm_object_lock(*object);
-       else
-               vm_object_lock_shared(*object);
-       
+       if (object_lock_type == OBJECT_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE) {
+               if (contended == NULL) {
+                       vm_object_lock(*object);
+               } else {
+                       *contended = vm_object_lock_check_contended(*object);
+               }
+       } else {
+               vm_object_lock_shared(*object);
+       }
+
        /*
         *      Save the version number
         */
@@ -8741,35 +13845,23 @@ submap_recurse:
  *     vm_map_verify:
  *
  *     Verifies that the map in question has not changed
- *     since the given version.  If successful, the map
- *     will not change until vm_map_verify_done() is called.
+ *     since the given version. The map has to be locked
+ *     ("shared" mode is fine) before calling this function
+ *     and it will be returned locked too.
  */
 boolean_t
 vm_map_verify(
-       register vm_map_t               map,
-       register vm_map_version_t       *version)       /* REF */
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_version_t        *version)       /* REF */
 {
-       boolean_t       result;
+       boolean_t       result;
 
-       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       vm_map_lock_assert_held(map);
        result = (map->timestamp == version->main_timestamp);
 
-       if (!result)
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-
-       return(result);
+       return result;
 }
 
-/*
- *     vm_map_verify_done:
- *
- *     Releases locks acquired by a vm_map_verify.
- *
- *     This is now a macro in vm/vm_map.h.  It does a
- *     vm_map_unlock_read on the map.
- */
-
-
 /*
  *     TEMPORARYTEMPORARYTEMPORARYTEMPORARYTEMPORARYTEMPORARY
  *     Goes away after regular vm_region_recurse function migrates to
@@ -8781,36 +13873,43 @@ vm_map_verify(
 
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_region_recurse_64(
-       vm_map_t                 map,
-       vm_map_offset_t *address,               /* IN/OUT */
-       vm_map_size_t           *size,                  /* OUT */
-       natural_t               *nesting_depth, /* IN/OUT */
-       vm_region_submap_info_64_t      submap_info,    /* IN/OUT */
-       mach_msg_type_number_t  *count) /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_t                 map,
+       vm_map_offset_t *address,               /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_size_t           *size,                  /* OUT */
+       natural_t               *nesting_depth, /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_region_submap_info_64_t      submap_info,    /* IN/OUT */
+       mach_msg_type_number_t  *count) /* IN/OUT */
 {
-       vm_region_extended_info_data_t  extended;
-       vm_map_entry_t                  tmp_entry;
-       vm_map_offset_t                 user_address;
-       unsigned int                    user_max_depth;
+       mach_msg_type_number_t  original_count;
+       vm_region_extended_info_data_t  extended;
+       vm_map_entry_t                  tmp_entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 user_address;
+       unsigned int                    user_max_depth;
 
        /*
         * "curr_entry" is the VM map entry preceding or including the
         * address we're looking for.
         * "curr_map" is the map or sub-map containing "curr_entry".
+        * "curr_address" is the equivalent of the top map's "user_address"
+        * in the current map.
         * "curr_offset" is the cumulated offset of "curr_map" in the
         * target task's address space.
         * "curr_depth" is the depth of "curr_map" in the chain of
         * sub-maps.
-        * "curr_max_offset" is the maximum offset we should take into
-        * account in the current map.  It may be smaller than the current
-        * map's "max_offset" because we might not have mapped it all in
-        * the upper level map.
+        *
+        * "curr_max_below" and "curr_max_above" limit the range (around
+        * "curr_address") we should take into account in the current (sub)map.
+        * They limit the range to what's visible through the map entries
+        * we've traversed from the top map to the current map.
+        *
         */
-       vm_map_entry_t                  curr_entry;
-       vm_map_offset_t                 curr_offset;
-       vm_map_t                        curr_map;
-       unsigned int                    curr_depth;
-       vm_map_offset_t                 curr_max_offset;
+       vm_map_entry_t                  curr_entry;
+       vm_map_address_t                curr_address;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 curr_offset;
+       vm_map_t                        curr_map;
+       unsigned int                    curr_depth;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 curr_max_below, curr_max_above;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 curr_skip;
 
        /*
         * "next_" is the same as "curr_" but for the VM region immediately
@@ -8818,85 +13917,123 @@ vm_map_region_recurse_64(
         * too because we want to return info about that region if the
         * address we're looking for is not mapped.
         */
-       vm_map_entry_t                  next_entry;
-       vm_map_offset_t                 next_offset;
-       vm_map_t                        next_map;
-       unsigned int                    next_depth;
-       vm_map_offset_t                 next_max_offset;
-
-       boolean_t                       look_for_pages;
+       vm_map_entry_t                  next_entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 next_offset;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 next_address;
+       vm_map_t                        next_map;
+       unsigned int                    next_depth;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 next_max_below, next_max_above;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 next_skip;
+
+       boolean_t                       look_for_pages;
        vm_region_submap_short_info_64_t short_info;
+       boolean_t                       do_region_footprint;
+       int                             effective_page_size, effective_page_shift;
+       boolean_t                       submap_needed_copy;
 
        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                /* no address space to work on */
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
 
-       if (*count < VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_COUNT_64) {
-               if (*count < VM_REGION_SUBMAP_SHORT_INFO_COUNT_64) {
-                       /*
-                        * "info" structure is not big enough and
-                        * would overflow
-                        */
-                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-               } else {
-                       look_for_pages = FALSE;
-                       *count = VM_REGION_SUBMAP_SHORT_INFO_COUNT_64;
-                       short_info = (vm_region_submap_short_info_64_t) submap_info;
-                       submap_info = NULL;
-               }
-       } else {
-               look_for_pages = TRUE;
-               *count = VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_COUNT_64;
-               short_info = NULL;
+       effective_page_shift = vm_self_region_page_shift(map);
+       effective_page_size = (1 << effective_page_shift);
+
+       if (*count < VM_REGION_SUBMAP_SHORT_INFO_COUNT_64) {
+               /*
+                * "info" structure is not big enough and
+                * would overflow
+                */
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
 
+       do_region_footprint = task_self_region_footprint();
+       original_count = *count;
+
+       if (original_count < VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_V0_COUNT_64) {
+               *count = VM_REGION_SUBMAP_SHORT_INFO_COUNT_64;
+               look_for_pages = FALSE;
+               short_info = (vm_region_submap_short_info_64_t) submap_info;
+               submap_info = NULL;
+       } else {
+               look_for_pages = TRUE;
+               *count = VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_V0_COUNT_64;
+               short_info = NULL;
+
+               if (original_count >= VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_V1_COUNT_64) {
+                       *count = VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_V1_COUNT_64;
+               }
+               if (original_count >= VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_V2_COUNT_64) {
+                       *count = VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_V2_COUNT_64;
+               }
+       }
 
        user_address = *address;
        user_max_depth = *nesting_depth;
-       
+       submap_needed_copy = FALSE;
+
+       if (not_in_kdp) {
+               vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       }
+
+recurse_again:
        curr_entry = NULL;
        curr_map = map;
+       curr_address = user_address;
        curr_offset = 0;
+       curr_skip = 0;
        curr_depth = 0;
-       curr_max_offset = curr_map->max_offset;
+       curr_max_above = ((vm_map_offset_t) -1) - curr_address;
+       curr_max_below = curr_address;
 
        next_entry = NULL;
        next_map = NULL;
+       next_address = 0;
        next_offset = 0;
+       next_skip = 0;
        next_depth = 0;
-       next_max_offset = curr_max_offset;
-
-       if (not_in_kdp) {
-               vm_map_lock_read(curr_map);
-       }
+       next_max_above = (vm_map_offset_t) -1;
+       next_max_below = (vm_map_offset_t) -1;
 
        for (;;) {
                if (vm_map_lookup_entry(curr_map,
-                                       user_address - curr_offset,
-                                       &tmp_entry)) {
+                   curr_address,
+                   &tmp_entry)) {
                        /* tmp_entry contains the address we're looking for */
                        curr_entry = tmp_entry;
                } else {
+                       vm_map_offset_t skip;
                        /*
                         * The address is not mapped.  "tmp_entry" is the
                         * map entry preceding the address.  We want the next
                         * one, if it exists.
                         */
                        curr_entry = tmp_entry->vme_next;
+
                        if (curr_entry == vm_map_to_entry(curr_map) ||
-                           curr_entry->vme_start >= curr_max_offset) {
+                           (curr_entry->vme_start >=
+                           curr_address + curr_max_above)) {
                                /* no next entry at this level: stop looking */
                                if (not_in_kdp) {
                                        vm_map_unlock_read(curr_map);
                                }
                                curr_entry = NULL;
                                curr_map = NULL;
+                               curr_skip = 0;
                                curr_offset = 0;
                                curr_depth = 0;
-                               curr_max_offset = 0;
+                               curr_max_above = 0;
+                               curr_max_below = 0;
                                break;
                        }
+
+                       /* adjust current address and offset */
+                       skip = curr_entry->vme_start - curr_address;
+                       curr_address = curr_entry->vme_start;
+                       curr_skip += skip;
+                       curr_offset += skip;
+                       curr_max_above -= skip;
+                       curr_max_below = 0;
                }
 
                /*
@@ -8907,14 +14044,15 @@ vm_map_region_recurse_64(
                tmp_entry = curr_entry->vme_next;
                if (tmp_entry == vm_map_to_entry(curr_map)) {
                        /* no next entry at this level */
-               } else if (tmp_entry->vme_start >= curr_max_offset) {
+               } else if (tmp_entry->vme_start >=
+                   curr_address + curr_max_above) {
                        /*
                         * tmp_entry is beyond the scope of what we mapped of
                         * this submap in the upper level: ignore it.
                         */
                } else if ((next_entry == NULL) ||
-                          (tmp_entry->vme_start + curr_offset <=
-                           next_entry->vme_start + next_offset)) {
+                   (tmp_entry->vme_start + curr_offset <=
+                   next_entry->vme_start + next_offset)) {
                        /*
                         * We didn't have a "next_entry" or this one is
                         * closer to the address we're looking for:
@@ -8928,11 +14066,33 @@ vm_map_region_recurse_64(
                        }
                        next_entry = tmp_entry;
                        next_map = curr_map;
-                       next_offset = curr_offset;
                        next_depth = curr_depth;
-                       next_max_offset = curr_max_offset;
+                       next_address = next_entry->vme_start;
+                       next_skip = curr_skip;
+                       next_skip += (next_address - curr_address);
+                       next_offset = curr_offset;
+                       next_offset += (next_address - curr_address);
+                       next_max_above = MIN(next_max_above, curr_max_above);
+                       next_max_above = MIN(next_max_above,
+                           next_entry->vme_end - next_address);
+                       next_max_below = MIN(next_max_below, curr_max_below);
+                       next_max_below = MIN(next_max_below,
+                           next_address - next_entry->vme_start);
                }
 
+               /*
+                * "curr_max_{above,below}" allow us to keep track of the
+                * portion of the submap that is actually mapped at this level:
+                * the rest of that submap is irrelevant to us, since it's not
+                * mapped here.
+                * The relevant portion of the map starts at
+                * "VME_OFFSET(curr_entry)" up to the size of "curr_entry".
+                */
+               curr_max_above = MIN(curr_max_above,
+                   curr_entry->vme_end - curr_address);
+               curr_max_below = MIN(curr_max_below,
+                   curr_address - curr_entry->vme_start);
+
                if (!curr_entry->is_sub_map ||
                    curr_depth >= user_max_depth) {
                        /*
@@ -8947,62 +14107,134 @@ vm_map_region_recurse_64(
                 * Get down to the next submap level.
                 */
 
+               if (curr_entry->needs_copy) {
+                       /* everything below this is effectively copy-on-write */
+                       submap_needed_copy = TRUE;
+               }
+
                /*
                 * Lock the next level and unlock the current level,
                 * unless we need to keep it locked to access the "next_entry"
                 * later.
                 */
                if (not_in_kdp) {
-                       vm_map_lock_read(curr_entry->object.sub_map);
+                       vm_map_lock_read(VME_SUBMAP(curr_entry));
                }
                if (curr_map == next_map) {
                        /* keep "next_map" locked in case we need it */
                } else {
                        /* release this map */
-                       if (not_in_kdp)
+                       if (not_in_kdp) {
                                vm_map_unlock_read(curr_map);
+                       }
                }
 
                /*
                 * Adjust the offset.  "curr_entry" maps the submap
                 * at relative address "curr_entry->vme_start" in the
-                * curr_map but skips the first "curr_entry->offset"
+                * curr_map but skips the first "VME_OFFSET(curr_entry)"
                 * bytes of the submap.
                 * "curr_offset" always represents the offset of a virtual
                 * address in the curr_map relative to the absolute address
                 * space (i.e. the top-level VM map).
                 */
                curr_offset +=
-                       (curr_entry->vme_start - curr_entry->offset);
+                   (VME_OFFSET(curr_entry) - curr_entry->vme_start);
+               curr_address = user_address + curr_offset;
                /* switch to the submap */
-               curr_map = curr_entry->object.sub_map;
+               curr_map = VME_SUBMAP(curr_entry);
                curr_depth++;
-               /*
-                * "curr_max_offset" allows us to keep track of the
-                * portion of the submap that is actually mapped at this level:
-                * the rest of that submap is irrelevant to us, since it's not
-                * mapped here.
-                * The relevant portion of the map starts at
-                * "curr_entry->offset" up to the size of "curr_entry".
-                */
-               curr_max_offset =
-                       curr_entry->vme_end - curr_entry->vme_start +
-                       curr_entry->offset;
                curr_entry = NULL;
        }
 
+// LP64todo: all the current tools are 32bit, obviously never worked for 64b
+// so probably should be a real 32b ID vs. ptr.
+// Current users just check for equality
+
        if (curr_entry == NULL) {
                /* no VM region contains the address... */
+
+               if (do_region_footprint && /* we want footprint numbers */
+                   next_entry == NULL && /* & there are no more regions */
+                   /* & we haven't already provided our fake region: */
+                   user_address <= vm_map_last_entry(map)->vme_end) {
+                       ledger_amount_t ledger_resident, ledger_compressed;
+
+                       /*
+                        * Add a fake memory region to account for
+                        * purgeable and/or ledger-tagged memory that
+                        * counts towards this task's memory footprint,
+                        * i.e. the resident/compressed pages of non-volatile
+                        * objects owned by that task.
+                        */
+                       task_ledgers_footprint(map->pmap->ledger,
+                           &ledger_resident,
+                           &ledger_compressed);
+                       if (ledger_resident + ledger_compressed == 0) {
+                               /* no purgeable memory usage to report */
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+                       }
+                       /* fake region to show nonvolatile footprint */
+                       if (look_for_pages) {
+                               submap_info->protection = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;
+                               submap_info->max_protection = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;
+                               submap_info->inheritance = VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT;
+                               submap_info->offset = 0;
+                               submap_info->user_tag = -1;
+                               submap_info->pages_resident = (unsigned int) (ledger_resident / effective_page_size);
+                               submap_info->pages_shared_now_private = 0;
+                               submap_info->pages_swapped_out = (unsigned int) (ledger_compressed / effective_page_size);
+                               submap_info->pages_dirtied = submap_info->pages_resident;
+                               submap_info->ref_count = 1;
+                               submap_info->shadow_depth = 0;
+                               submap_info->external_pager = 0;
+                               submap_info->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
+                               if (submap_needed_copy) {
+                                       submap_info->share_mode = SM_COW;
+                               }
+                               submap_info->is_submap = 0;
+                               submap_info->behavior = VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT;
+                               submap_info->object_id = VM_OBJECT_ID_FAKE(map, task_ledgers.purgeable_nonvolatile);
+                               submap_info->user_wired_count = 0;
+                               submap_info->pages_reusable = 0;
+                       } else {
+                               short_info->user_tag = -1;
+                               short_info->offset = 0;
+                               short_info->protection = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;
+                               short_info->inheritance = VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT;
+                               short_info->max_protection = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;
+                               short_info->behavior = VM_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT;
+                               short_info->user_wired_count = 0;
+                               short_info->is_submap = 0;
+                               short_info->object_id = VM_OBJECT_ID_FAKE(map, task_ledgers.purgeable_nonvolatile);
+                               short_info->external_pager = 0;
+                               short_info->shadow_depth = 0;
+                               short_info->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
+                               if (submap_needed_copy) {
+                                       short_info->share_mode = SM_COW;
+                               }
+                               short_info->ref_count = 1;
+                       }
+                       *nesting_depth = 0;
+                       *size = (vm_map_size_t) (ledger_resident + ledger_compressed);
+//                     *address = user_address;
+                       *address = vm_map_last_entry(map)->vme_end;
+                       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+               }
+
                if (next_entry == NULL) {
                        /* ... and no VM region follows it either */
                        return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
                /* ... gather info about the next VM region */
                curr_entry = next_entry;
-               curr_map = next_map;    /* still locked ... */
+               curr_map = next_map;    /* still locked ... */
+               curr_address = next_address;
+               curr_skip = next_skip;
                curr_offset = next_offset;
                curr_depth = next_depth;
-               curr_max_offset = next_max_offset;
+               curr_max_above = next_max_above;
+               curr_max_below = next_max_below;
        } else {
                /* we won't need "next_entry" after all */
                if (next_entry != NULL) {
@@ -9015,70 +14247,90 @@ vm_map_region_recurse_64(
        next_entry = NULL;
        next_map = NULL;
        next_offset = 0;
+       next_skip = 0;
        next_depth = 0;
-       next_max_offset = 0;
+       next_max_below = -1;
+       next_max_above = -1;
 
-       *nesting_depth = curr_depth;
-       *size = curr_entry->vme_end - curr_entry->vme_start;
-       *address = curr_entry->vme_start + curr_offset;
+       if (curr_entry->is_sub_map &&
+           curr_depth < user_max_depth) {
+               /*
+                * We're not as deep as we could be:  we must have
+                * gone back up after not finding anything mapped
+                * below the original top-level map entry's.
+                * Let's move "curr_address" forward and recurse again.
+                */
+               user_address = curr_address;
+               goto recurse_again;
+       }
 
-// LP64todo: all the current tools are 32bit, obviously never worked for 64b
-// so probably should be a real 32b ID vs. ptr.
-// Current users just check for equality
-#define INFO_MAKE_OBJECT_ID(p) ((uint32_t)(uintptr_t)p)
+       *nesting_depth = curr_depth;
+       *size = curr_max_above + curr_max_below;
+       *address = user_address + curr_skip - curr_max_below;
 
        if (look_for_pages) {
-               submap_info->user_tag = curr_entry->alias;
-               submap_info->offset = curr_entry->offset; 
+               submap_info->user_tag = VME_ALIAS(curr_entry);
+               submap_info->offset = VME_OFFSET(curr_entry);
                submap_info->protection = curr_entry->protection;
                submap_info->inheritance = curr_entry->inheritance;
                submap_info->max_protection = curr_entry->max_protection;
                submap_info->behavior = curr_entry->behavior;
                submap_info->user_wired_count = curr_entry->user_wired_count;
                submap_info->is_submap = curr_entry->is_sub_map;
-               submap_info->object_id = INFO_MAKE_OBJECT_ID(curr_entry->object.vm_object);
+               submap_info->object_id = VM_OBJECT_ID(VME_OBJECT(curr_entry));
        } else {
-               short_info->user_tag = curr_entry->alias;
-               short_info->offset = curr_entry->offset; 
+               short_info->user_tag = VME_ALIAS(curr_entry);
+               short_info->offset = VME_OFFSET(curr_entry);
                short_info->protection = curr_entry->protection;
                short_info->inheritance = curr_entry->inheritance;
                short_info->max_protection = curr_entry->max_protection;
                short_info->behavior = curr_entry->behavior;
                short_info->user_wired_count = curr_entry->user_wired_count;
                short_info->is_submap = curr_entry->is_sub_map;
-               short_info->object_id = INFO_MAKE_OBJECT_ID(curr_entry->object.vm_object);
+               short_info->object_id = VM_OBJECT_ID(VME_OBJECT(curr_entry));
        }
 
        extended.pages_resident = 0;
        extended.pages_swapped_out = 0;
        extended.pages_shared_now_private = 0;
        extended.pages_dirtied = 0;
+       extended.pages_reusable = 0;
        extended.external_pager = 0;
        extended.shadow_depth = 0;
+       extended.share_mode = SM_EMPTY;
+       extended.ref_count = 0;
 
        if (not_in_kdp) {
                if (!curr_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_offset_t range_start, range_end;
+                       range_start = MAX((curr_address - curr_max_below),
+                           curr_entry->vme_start);
+                       range_end = MIN((curr_address + curr_max_above),
+                           curr_entry->vme_end);
                        vm_map_region_walk(curr_map,
-                                          curr_entry->vme_start,
-                                          curr_entry,
-                                          curr_entry->offset,
-                                          (curr_entry->vme_end -
-                                           curr_entry->vme_start),
-                                          &extended,
-                                          look_for_pages);
+                           range_start,
+                           curr_entry,
+                           (VME_OFFSET(curr_entry) +
+                           (range_start -
+                           curr_entry->vme_start)),
+                           range_end - range_start,
+                           &extended,
+                           look_for_pages, VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO_COUNT);
                        if (extended.external_pager &&
                            extended.ref_count == 2 &&
                            extended.share_mode == SM_SHARED) {
                                extended.share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
                        }
+                       if (submap_needed_copy) {
+                               extended.share_mode = SM_COW;
+                       }
                } else {
                        if (curr_entry->use_pmap) {
                                extended.share_mode = SM_TRUESHARED;
                        } else {
                                extended.share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
                        }
-                       extended.ref_count =
-                               curr_entry->object.sub_map->ref_count;
+                       extended.ref_count = os_ref_get_count(&VME_SUBMAP(curr_entry)->map_refcnt);
                }
        }
 
@@ -9086,12 +14338,19 @@ vm_map_region_recurse_64(
                submap_info->pages_resident = extended.pages_resident;
                submap_info->pages_swapped_out = extended.pages_swapped_out;
                submap_info->pages_shared_now_private =
-                       extended.pages_shared_now_private;
+                   extended.pages_shared_now_private;
                submap_info->pages_dirtied = extended.pages_dirtied;
                submap_info->external_pager = extended.external_pager;
                submap_info->shadow_depth = extended.shadow_depth;
                submap_info->share_mode = extended.share_mode;
                submap_info->ref_count = extended.ref_count;
+
+               if (original_count >= VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_V1_COUNT_64) {
+                       submap_info->pages_reusable = extended.pages_reusable;
+               }
+               if (original_count >= VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_V2_COUNT_64) {
+                       submap_info->object_id_full = (vm_object_id_t) (VME_OBJECT(curr_entry) != NULL) ? VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(VME_OBJECT(curr_entry)) : 0ULL;
+               }
        } else {
                short_info->external_pager = extended.external_pager;
                short_info->shadow_depth = extended.shadow_depth;
@@ -9120,30 +14379,31 @@ vm_map_region_recurse_64(
 
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_region(
-       vm_map_t                 map,
-       vm_map_offset_t *address,               /* IN/OUT */
-       vm_map_size_t           *size,                  /* OUT */
-       vm_region_flavor_t       flavor,                /* IN */
-       vm_region_info_t         info,                  /* OUT */
-       mach_msg_type_number_t  *count, /* IN/OUT */
-       mach_port_t             *object_name)           /* OUT */
+       vm_map_t                 map,
+       vm_map_offset_t *address,               /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_size_t           *size,                  /* OUT */
+       vm_region_flavor_t       flavor,                /* IN */
+       vm_region_info_t         info,                  /* OUT */
+       mach_msg_type_number_t  *count, /* IN/OUT */
+       mach_port_t             *object_name)           /* OUT */
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t          tmp_entry;
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
-       vm_map_offset_t         start;
+       vm_map_entry_t          tmp_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t         start;
 
-       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) 
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
        switch (flavor) {
-
        case VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO:
                /* legacy for old 32-bit objects info */
        {
-               vm_region_basic_info_t  basic;
+               vm_region_basic_info_t  basic;
 
-               if (*count < VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT)
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+               if (*count < VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
 
                basic = (vm_region_basic_info_t) info;
                *count = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
@@ -9154,7 +14414,7 @@ vm_map_region(
                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
                        if ((entry = tmp_entry->vme_next) == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
                                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
                } else {
                        entry = tmp_entry;
@@ -9162,7 +14422,7 @@ vm_map_region(
 
                start = entry->vme_start;
 
-               basic->offset = (uint32_t)entry->offset;
+               basic->offset = (uint32_t)VME_OFFSET(entry);
                basic->protection = entry->protection;
                basic->inheritance = entry->inheritance;
                basic->max_protection = entry->max_protection;
@@ -9172,7 +14432,9 @@ vm_map_region(
                *address = start;
                *size = (entry->vme_end - start);
 
-               if (object_name) *object_name = IP_NULL;
+               if (object_name) {
+                       *object_name = IP_NULL;
+               }
                if (entry->is_sub_map) {
                        basic->shared = FALSE;
                } else {
@@ -9180,15 +14442,16 @@ vm_map_region(
                }
 
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
 
        case VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_64:
        {
-               vm_region_basic_info_64_t       basic;
+               vm_region_basic_info_64_t       basic;
 
-               if (*count < VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT_64)
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+               if (*count < VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT_64) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
 
                basic = (vm_region_basic_info_64_t) info;
                *count = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT_64;
@@ -9199,7 +14462,7 @@ vm_map_region(
                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
                        if ((entry = tmp_entry->vme_next) == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
                                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
                } else {
                        entry = tmp_entry;
@@ -9207,7 +14470,7 @@ vm_map_region(
 
                start = entry->vme_start;
 
-               basic->offset = entry->offset;
+               basic->offset = VME_OFFSET(entry);
                basic->protection = entry->protection;
                basic->inheritance = entry->inheritance;
                basic->max_protection = entry->max_protection;
@@ -9217,7 +14480,9 @@ vm_map_region(
                *address = start;
                *size = (entry->vme_end - start);
 
-               if (object_name) *object_name = IP_NULL;
+               if (object_name) {
+                       *object_name = IP_NULL;
+               }
                if (entry->is_sub_map) {
                        basic->shared = FALSE;
                } else {
@@ -9225,59 +14490,80 @@ vm_map_region(
                }
 
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
        case VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO:
-       {
-               vm_region_extended_info_t       extended;
+               if (*count < VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO_COUNT) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
+               OS_FALLTHROUGH;
+       case VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO__legacy:
+               if (*count < VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO_COUNT__legacy) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
 
-               if (*count < VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO_COUNT)
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+               {
+                       vm_region_extended_info_t       extended;
+                       mach_msg_type_number_t original_count;
+                       int effective_page_size, effective_page_shift;
 
-               extended = (vm_region_extended_info_t) info;
-               *count = VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO_COUNT;
+                       extended = (vm_region_extended_info_t) info;
 
-               vm_map_lock_read(map);
+                       effective_page_shift = vm_self_region_page_shift(map);
+                       effective_page_size = (1 << effective_page_shift);
 
-               start = *address;
-               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
-                       if ((entry = tmp_entry->vme_next) == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
-                               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       entry = tmp_entry;
-               }
-               start = entry->vme_start;
+                       vm_map_lock_read(map);
 
-               extended->protection = entry->protection;
-               extended->user_tag = entry->alias;
-               extended->pages_resident = 0;
-               extended->pages_swapped_out = 0;
-               extended->pages_shared_now_private = 0;
-               extended->pages_dirtied = 0;
-               extended->external_pager = 0;
-               extended->shadow_depth = 0;
+                       start = *address;
+                       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
+                               if ((entry = tmp_entry->vme_next) == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               entry = tmp_entry;
+                       }
+                       start = entry->vme_start;
+
+                       extended->protection = entry->protection;
+                       extended->user_tag = VME_ALIAS(entry);
+                       extended->pages_resident = 0;
+                       extended->pages_swapped_out = 0;
+                       extended->pages_shared_now_private = 0;
+                       extended->pages_dirtied = 0;
+                       extended->external_pager = 0;
+                       extended->shadow_depth = 0;
+
+                       original_count = *count;
+                       if (flavor == VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO__legacy) {
+                               *count = VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO_COUNT__legacy;
+                       } else {
+                               extended->pages_reusable = 0;
+                               *count = VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO_COUNT;
+                       }
 
-               vm_map_region_walk(map, start, entry, entry->offset, entry->vme_end - start, extended, TRUE);
+                       vm_map_region_walk(map, start, entry, VME_OFFSET(entry), entry->vme_end - start, extended, TRUE, *count);
 
-               if (extended->external_pager && extended->ref_count == 2 && extended->share_mode == SM_SHARED)
-                       extended->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
+                       if (extended->external_pager && extended->ref_count == 2 && extended->share_mode == SM_SHARED) {
+                               extended->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
+                       }
 
-               if (object_name)
-                       *object_name = IP_NULL;
-               *address = start;
-               *size = (entry->vme_end - start);
+                       if (object_name) {
+                               *object_name = IP_NULL;
+                       }
+                       *address = start;
+                       *size = (entry->vme_end - start);
 
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
-       }
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+               }
        case VM_REGION_TOP_INFO:
-       {   
-               vm_region_top_info_t    top;
+       {
+               vm_region_top_info_t    top;
 
-               if (*count < VM_REGION_TOP_INFO_COUNT)
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+               if (*count < VM_REGION_TOP_INFO_COUNT) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
 
                top = (vm_region_top_info_t) info;
                *count = VM_REGION_TOP_INFO_COUNT;
@@ -9288,11 +14574,10 @@ vm_map_region(
                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
                        if ((entry = tmp_entry->vme_next) == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
                                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-                               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        }
                } else {
                        entry = tmp_entry;
-
                }
                start = entry->vme_start;
 
@@ -9301,32 +14586,32 @@ vm_map_region(
 
                vm_map_region_top_walk(entry, top);
 
-               if (object_name)
+               if (object_name) {
                        *object_name = IP_NULL;
+               }
                *address = start;
                *size = (entry->vme_end - start);
 
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
        default:
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
 }
 
-#define OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size)                            \
-       MIN((entry_size),                                               \
-           ((obj)->all_reusable ?                                      \
-            (obj)->wired_page_count :                                  \
+#define OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size)                             \
+       MIN((entry_size),                                               \
+           ((obj)->all_reusable ?                                      \
+            (obj)->wired_page_count :                                  \
             (obj)->resident_page_count - (obj)->reusable_page_count))
 
 void
 vm_map_region_top_walk(
-        vm_map_entry_t            entry,
+       vm_map_entry_t             entry,
        vm_region_top_info_t       top)
 {
-
-       if (entry->object.vm_object == 0 || entry->is_sub_map) {
+       if (VME_OBJECT(entry) == 0 || entry->is_sub_map) {
                top->share_mode = SM_EMPTY;
                top->ref_count = 0;
                top->obj_id = 0;
@@ -9334,66 +14619,73 @@ vm_map_region_top_walk(
        }
 
        {
-               struct  vm_object *obj, *tmp_obj;
-               int             ref_count;
-               uint32_t        entry_size;
+               struct  vm_object *obj, *tmp_obj;
+               int             ref_count;
+               uint32_t        entry_size;
 
                entry_size = (uint32_t) ((entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start) / PAGE_SIZE_64);
 
-               obj = entry->object.vm_object;
+               obj = VME_OBJECT(entry);
 
                vm_object_lock(obj);
 
-               if ((ref_count = obj->ref_count) > 1 && obj->paging_in_progress)
+               if ((ref_count = obj->ref_count) > 1 && obj->paging_in_progress) {
                        ref_count--;
+               }
 
                assert(obj->reusable_page_count <= obj->resident_page_count);
                if (obj->shadow) {
-                       if (ref_count == 1)
+                       if (ref_count == 1) {
                                top->private_pages_resident =
-                                       OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size);
-                       else
+                                   OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size);
+                       } else {
                                top->shared_pages_resident =
-                                       OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size);
+                                   OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size);
+                       }
                        top->ref_count  = ref_count;
                        top->share_mode = SM_COW;
-           
+
                        while ((tmp_obj = obj->shadow)) {
                                vm_object_lock(tmp_obj);
                                vm_object_unlock(obj);
                                obj = tmp_obj;
 
-                               if ((ref_count = obj->ref_count) > 1 && obj->paging_in_progress)
+                               if ((ref_count = obj->ref_count) > 1 && obj->paging_in_progress) {
                                        ref_count--;
+                               }
 
                                assert(obj->reusable_page_count <= obj->resident_page_count);
                                top->shared_pages_resident +=
-                                       OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size);
+                                   OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size);
                                top->ref_count += ref_count - 1;
                        }
                } else {
-                       if (entry->needs_copy) {
+                       if (entry->superpage_size) {
+                               top->share_mode = SM_LARGE_PAGE;
+                               top->shared_pages_resident = 0;
+                               top->private_pages_resident = entry_size;
+                       } else if (entry->needs_copy) {
                                top->share_mode = SM_COW;
                                top->shared_pages_resident =
-                                       OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size);
+                                   OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj, entry_size);
                        } else {
                                if (ref_count == 1 ||
-                                   (ref_count == 2 && !(obj->pager_trusted) && !(obj->internal))) {
+                                   (ref_count == 2 && obj->named)) {
                                        top->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
                                        top->private_pages_resident =
-                                               OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj,
-                                                                  entry_size);
+                                           OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj,
+                                           entry_size);
                                } else {
                                        top->share_mode = SM_SHARED;
                                        top->shared_pages_resident =
-                                               OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj,
-                                                                 entry_size);
+                                           OBJ_RESIDENT_COUNT(obj,
+                                           entry_size);
                                }
                        }
                        top->ref_count = ref_count;
                }
                /* XXX K64: obj_id will be truncated */
-               top->obj_id = (unsigned int) (uintptr_t)obj;
+               top->obj_id = (unsigned int) (uintptr_t)VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(obj);
 
                vm_object_unlock(obj);
        }
@@ -9401,118 +14693,194 @@ vm_map_region_top_walk(
 
 void
 vm_map_region_walk(
-       vm_map_t                        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t                 va,
-       vm_map_entry_t                  entry,
-       vm_object_offset_t              offset,
-       vm_object_size_t                range,
-       vm_region_extended_info_t       extended,
-       boolean_t                       look_for_pages)
-{
-        register struct vm_object *obj, *tmp_obj;
-       register vm_map_offset_t       last_offset;
-       register int               i;
-       register int               ref_count;
-       struct vm_object        *shadow_object;
-       int                     shadow_depth;
-
-       if ((entry->object.vm_object == 0) ||
+       vm_map_t                        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t                 va,
+       vm_map_entry_t                  entry,
+       vm_object_offset_t              offset,
+       vm_object_size_t                range,
+       vm_region_extended_info_t       extended,
+       boolean_t                       look_for_pages,
+       mach_msg_type_number_t count)
+{
+       struct vm_object *obj, *tmp_obj;
+       vm_map_offset_t       last_offset;
+       int               i;
+       int               ref_count;
+       struct vm_object        *shadow_object;
+       unsigned short          shadow_depth;
+       boolean_t         do_region_footprint;
+       int                     effective_page_size, effective_page_shift;
+       vm_map_offset_t         effective_page_mask;
+
+       do_region_footprint = task_self_region_footprint();
+
+       if ((VME_OBJECT(entry) == 0) ||
            (entry->is_sub_map) ||
-           (entry->object.vm_object->phys_contiguous)) {
+           (VME_OBJECT(entry)->phys_contiguous &&
+           !entry->superpage_size)) {
                extended->share_mode = SM_EMPTY;
                extended->ref_count = 0;
                return;
        }
-       {
-               obj = entry->object.vm_object;
 
-               vm_object_lock(obj);
+       if (entry->superpage_size) {
+               extended->shadow_depth = 0;
+               extended->share_mode = SM_LARGE_PAGE;
+               extended->ref_count = 1;
+               extended->external_pager = 0;
 
-               if ((ref_count = obj->ref_count) > 1 && obj->paging_in_progress)
-                       ref_count--;
+               /* TODO4K: Superpage in 4k mode? */
+               extended->pages_resident = (unsigned int)(range >> PAGE_SHIFT);
+               extended->shadow_depth = 0;
+               return;
+       }
 
-               if (look_for_pages) {
-                       for (last_offset = offset + range;
-                            offset < last_offset;
-                            offset += PAGE_SIZE_64, va += PAGE_SIZE)
-                               vm_map_region_look_for_page(map, va, obj,
-                                                           offset, ref_count,
-                                                           0, extended);
-               } else {
-                       shadow_object = obj->shadow;
-                       shadow_depth = 0;
+       effective_page_shift = vm_self_region_page_shift(map);
+       effective_page_size = (1 << effective_page_shift);
+       effective_page_mask = effective_page_size - 1;
 
-                       if ( !(obj->pager_trusted) && !(obj->internal))
-                               extended->external_pager = 1;
+       offset = vm_map_trunc_page(offset, effective_page_mask);
 
-                       if (shadow_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                               vm_object_lock(shadow_object);
-                               for (;
-                                    shadow_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL;
-                                    shadow_depth++) {
-                                       vm_object_t     next_shadow;
-
-                                       if ( !(shadow_object->pager_trusted) &&
-                                            !(shadow_object->internal))
-                                               extended->external_pager = 1;
-
-                                       next_shadow = shadow_object->shadow;
-                                       if (next_shadow) {
-                                               vm_object_lock(next_shadow);
-                                       }
-                                       vm_object_unlock(shadow_object);
-                                       shadow_object = next_shadow;
+       obj = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+
+       vm_object_lock(obj);
+
+       if ((ref_count = obj->ref_count) > 1 && obj->paging_in_progress) {
+               ref_count--;
+       }
+
+       if (look_for_pages) {
+               for (last_offset = offset + range;
+                   offset < last_offset;
+                   offset += effective_page_size, va += effective_page_size) {
+                       if (do_region_footprint) {
+                               int disp;
+
+                               disp = 0;
+                               if (map->has_corpse_footprint) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Query the page info data we saved
+                                        * while forking the corpse.
+                                        */
+                                       vm_map_corpse_footprint_query_page_info(
+                                               map,
+                                               va,
+                                               &disp);
+                               } else {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Query the pmap.
+                                        */
+                                       vm_map_footprint_query_page_info(
+                                               map,
+                                               entry,
+                                               va,
+                                               &disp);
                                }
+                               if (disp & VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT) {
+                                       extended->pages_resident++;
+                               }
+                               if (disp & VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REUSABLE) {
+                                       extended->pages_reusable++;
+                               }
+                               if (disp & VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_DIRTY) {
+                                       extended->pages_dirtied++;
+                               }
+                               if (disp & PMAP_QUERY_PAGE_COMPRESSED) {
+                                       extended->pages_swapped_out++;
+                               }
+                               continue;
                        }
-                       extended->shadow_depth = shadow_depth;
+
+                       vm_map_region_look_for_page(map, va, obj,
+                           vm_object_trunc_page(offset), ref_count,
+                           0, extended, count);
                }
 
-               if (extended->shadow_depth || entry->needs_copy)
-                       extended->share_mode = SM_COW;
-               else {
-                       if (ref_count == 1)
-                               extended->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
-                       else {
-                               if (obj->true_share)
-                                       extended->share_mode = SM_TRUESHARED;
-                               else
-                                       extended->share_mode = SM_SHARED;
+               if (do_region_footprint) {
+                       goto collect_object_info;
+               }
+       } else {
+collect_object_info:
+               shadow_object = obj->shadow;
+               shadow_depth = 0;
+
+               if (!(obj->internal)) {
+                       extended->external_pager = 1;
+               }
+
+               if (shadow_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       vm_object_lock(shadow_object);
+                       for (;
+                           shadow_object != VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+                           shadow_depth++) {
+                               vm_object_t     next_shadow;
+
+                               if (!(shadow_object->internal)) {
+                                       extended->external_pager = 1;
+                               }
+
+                               next_shadow = shadow_object->shadow;
+                               if (next_shadow) {
+                                       vm_object_lock(next_shadow);
+                               }
+                               vm_object_unlock(shadow_object);
+                               shadow_object = next_shadow;
                        }
                }
-               extended->ref_count = ref_count - extended->shadow_depth;
-           
-               for (i = 0; i < extended->shadow_depth; i++) {
-                       if ((tmp_obj = obj->shadow) == 0)
-                               break;
-                       vm_object_lock(tmp_obj);
-                       vm_object_unlock(obj);
+               extended->shadow_depth = shadow_depth;
+       }
 
-                       if ((ref_count = tmp_obj->ref_count) > 1 && tmp_obj->paging_in_progress)
-                               ref_count--;
+       if (extended->shadow_depth || entry->needs_copy) {
+               extended->share_mode = SM_COW;
+       } else {
+               if (ref_count == 1) {
+                       extended->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE;
+               } else {
+                       if (obj->true_share) {
+                               extended->share_mode = SM_TRUESHARED;
+                       } else {
+                               extended->share_mode = SM_SHARED;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       extended->ref_count = ref_count - extended->shadow_depth;
 
-                       extended->ref_count += ref_count;
-                       obj = tmp_obj;
+       for (i = 0; i < extended->shadow_depth; i++) {
+               if ((tmp_obj = obj->shadow) == 0) {
+                       break;
                }
+               vm_object_lock(tmp_obj);
                vm_object_unlock(obj);
 
-               if (extended->share_mode == SM_SHARED) {
-                       register vm_map_entry_t      cur;
-                       register vm_map_entry_t      last;
-                       int      my_refs;
+               if ((ref_count = tmp_obj->ref_count) > 1 && tmp_obj->paging_in_progress) {
+                       ref_count--;
+               }
 
-                       obj = entry->object.vm_object;
-                       last = vm_map_to_entry(map);
-                       my_refs = 0;
+               extended->ref_count += ref_count;
+               obj = tmp_obj;
+       }
+       vm_object_unlock(obj);
 
-                       if ((ref_count = obj->ref_count) > 1 && obj->paging_in_progress)
-                               ref_count--;
-                       for (cur = vm_map_first_entry(map); cur != last; cur = cur->vme_next)
-                               my_refs += vm_map_region_count_obj_refs(cur, obj);
+       if (extended->share_mode == SM_SHARED) {
+               vm_map_entry_t       cur;
+               vm_map_entry_t       last;
+               int      my_refs;
 
-                       if (my_refs == ref_count)
-                               extended->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE_ALIASED;
-                       else if (my_refs > 1)
-                               extended->share_mode = SM_SHARED_ALIASED;
+               obj = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+               last = vm_map_to_entry(map);
+               my_refs = 0;
+
+               if ((ref_count = obj->ref_count) > 1 && obj->paging_in_progress) {
+                       ref_count--;
+               }
+               for (cur = vm_map_first_entry(map); cur != last; cur = cur->vme_next) {
+                       my_refs += vm_map_region_count_obj_refs(cur, obj);
+               }
+
+               if (my_refs == ref_count) {
+                       extended->share_mode = SM_PRIVATE_ALIASED;
+               } else if (my_refs > 1) {
+                       extended->share_mode = SM_SHARED_ALIASED;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -9523,145 +14891,132 @@ vm_map_region_walk(
 
 static void
 vm_map_region_look_for_page(
-       __unused vm_map_t               map,
-       __unused vm_map_offset_t        va,
-       vm_object_t                     object,
-       vm_object_offset_t              offset,
-       int                             max_refcnt,
-       int                             depth,
-       vm_region_extended_info_t       extended)
-{
-        register vm_page_t     p;
-        register vm_object_t   shadow;
-       register int            ref_count;
-       vm_object_t             caller_object;
-#if    MACH_PAGEMAP
-       kern_return_t           kr;
-#endif
+       __unused vm_map_t               map,
+       __unused vm_map_offset_t        va,
+       vm_object_t                     object,
+       vm_object_offset_t              offset,
+       int                             max_refcnt,
+       unsigned short                  depth,
+       vm_region_extended_info_t       extended,
+       mach_msg_type_number_t count)
+{
+       vm_page_t       p;
+       vm_object_t     shadow;
+       int             ref_count;
+       vm_object_t     caller_object;
+
        shadow = object->shadow;
        caller_object = object;
 
-       
-       while (TRUE) {
 
-               if ( !(object->pager_trusted) && !(object->internal))
+       while (TRUE) {
+               if (!(object->internal)) {
                        extended->external_pager = 1;
+               }
 
                if ((p = vm_page_lookup(object, offset)) != VM_PAGE_NULL) {
-                       if (shadow && (max_refcnt == 1))
-                               extended->pages_shared_now_private++;
+                       if (shadow && (max_refcnt == 1)) {
+                               extended->pages_shared_now_private++;
+                       }
 
-                       if (!p->fictitious && 
-                           (p->dirty || pmap_is_modified(p->phys_page)))
-                               extended->pages_dirtied++;
+                       if (!p->vmp_fictitious &&
+                           (p->vmp_dirty || pmap_is_modified(VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(p)))) {
+                               extended->pages_dirtied++;
+                       } else if (count >= VM_REGION_EXTENDED_INFO_COUNT) {
+                               if (p->vmp_reusable || object->all_reusable) {
+                                       extended->pages_reusable++;
+                               }
+                       }
 
-                       extended->pages_resident++;
+                       extended->pages_resident++;
 
-                       if(object != caller_object)
+                       if (object != caller_object) {
                                vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       }
 
                        return;
                }
-#if    MACH_PAGEMAP
-               if (object->existence_map) {
-                       if (vm_external_state_get(object->existence_map, offset) == VM_EXTERNAL_STATE_EXISTS) {
-
-                               extended->pages_swapped_out++;
-
-                               if(object != caller_object)
-                                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-
-                               return;
-                       }
-               } else if (object->internal &&
-                          object->alive &&
-                          !object->terminating &&
-                          object->pager_ready) {
-
-                       memory_object_t pager;
-
-                       vm_object_paging_begin(object);
-                       pager = object->pager;
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-
-                       kr = memory_object_data_request(
-                               pager,
-                               offset + object->paging_offset,
-                               0, /* just poke the pager */
-                               VM_PROT_READ,
-                               NULL);
-
-                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                       vm_object_paging_end(object);
-
-                       if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               if (object->internal &&
+                   object->alive &&
+                   !object->terminating &&
+                   object->pager_ready) {
+                       if (VM_COMPRESSOR_PAGER_STATE_GET(object, offset)
+                           == VM_EXTERNAL_STATE_EXISTS) {
                                /* the pager has that page */
                                extended->pages_swapped_out++;
-                               if (object != caller_object)
+                               if (object != caller_object) {
                                        vm_object_unlock(object);
+                               }
                                return;
                        }
                }
-#endif /* MACH_PAGEMAP */
 
                if (shadow) {
                        vm_object_lock(shadow);
 
-                       if ((ref_count = shadow->ref_count) > 1 && shadow->paging_in_progress)
-                               ref_count--;
+                       if ((ref_count = shadow->ref_count) > 1 && shadow->paging_in_progress) {
+                               ref_count--;
+                       }
+
+                       if (++depth > extended->shadow_depth) {
+                               extended->shadow_depth = depth;
+                       }
 
-                       if (++depth > extended->shadow_depth)
-                               extended->shadow_depth = depth;
+                       if (ref_count > max_refcnt) {
+                               max_refcnt = ref_count;
+                       }
 
-                       if (ref_count > max_refcnt)
-                               max_refcnt = ref_count;
-                       
-                       if(object != caller_object)
+                       if (object != caller_object) {
                                vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       }
 
-                       offset = offset + object->shadow_offset;
+                       offset = offset + object->vo_shadow_offset;
                        object = shadow;
                        shadow = object->shadow;
                        continue;
                }
-               if(object != caller_object)
+               if (object != caller_object) {
                        vm_object_unlock(object);
+               }
                break;
        }
 }
 
 static int
 vm_map_region_count_obj_refs(
-        vm_map_entry_t    entry,
+       vm_map_entry_t    entry,
        vm_object_t       object)
 {
-        register int ref_count;
-       register vm_object_t chk_obj;
-       register vm_object_t tmp_obj;
+       int ref_count;
+       vm_object_t chk_obj;
+       vm_object_t tmp_obj;
 
-       if (entry->object.vm_object == 0)
-               return(0);
+       if (VME_OBJECT(entry) == 0) {
+               return 0;
+       }
 
-        if (entry->is_sub_map)
-               return(0);
-       else {
+       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+               return 0;
+       else {
                ref_count = 0;
 
-               chk_obj = entry->object.vm_object;
+               chk_obj = VME_OBJECT(entry);
                vm_object_lock(chk_obj);
 
                while (chk_obj) {
-                       if (chk_obj == object)
+                       if (chk_obj == object) {
                                ref_count++;
+                       }
                        tmp_obj = chk_obj->shadow;
-                       if (tmp_obj)
+                       if (tmp_obj) {
                                vm_object_lock(tmp_obj);
+                       }
                        vm_object_unlock(chk_obj);
 
                        chk_obj = tmp_obj;
                }
        }
-       return(ref_count);
+       return ref_count;
 }
 
 
@@ -9680,12 +15035,10 @@ vm_map_region_count_obj_refs(
  */
 void
 vm_map_simplify_entry(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_entry_t  this_entry)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  this_entry)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t  prev_entry;
-
-       counter(c_vm_map_simplify_entry_called++);
+       vm_map_entry_t  prev_entry;
 
        prev_entry = this_entry->vme_prev;
 
@@ -9695,71 +15048,89 @@ vm_map_simplify_entry(
            (prev_entry->vme_end == this_entry->vme_start) &&
 
            (prev_entry->is_sub_map == this_entry->is_sub_map) &&
+           (VME_OBJECT(prev_entry) == VME_OBJECT(this_entry)) &&
+           ((VME_OFFSET(prev_entry) + (prev_entry->vme_end -
+           prev_entry->vme_start))
+           == VME_OFFSET(this_entry)) &&
 
-           (prev_entry->object.vm_object == this_entry->object.vm_object) &&
-           ((prev_entry->offset + (prev_entry->vme_end -
-                                   prev_entry->vme_start))
-            == this_entry->offset) &&
-
-           (prev_entry->inheritance == this_entry->inheritance) &&
+           (prev_entry->behavior == this_entry->behavior) &&
+           (prev_entry->needs_copy == this_entry->needs_copy) &&
            (prev_entry->protection == this_entry->protection) &&
            (prev_entry->max_protection == this_entry->max_protection) &&
-           (prev_entry->behavior == this_entry->behavior) &&
-           (prev_entry->alias == this_entry->alias) &&
-           (prev_entry->zero_wired_pages == this_entry->zero_wired_pages) &&
+           (prev_entry->inheritance == this_entry->inheritance) &&
+           (prev_entry->use_pmap == this_entry->use_pmap) &&
+           (VME_ALIAS(prev_entry) == VME_ALIAS(this_entry)) &&
            (prev_entry->no_cache == this_entry->no_cache) &&
+           (prev_entry->permanent == this_entry->permanent) &&
+           (prev_entry->map_aligned == this_entry->map_aligned) &&
+           (prev_entry->zero_wired_pages == this_entry->zero_wired_pages) &&
+           (prev_entry->used_for_jit == this_entry->used_for_jit) &&
+           (prev_entry->pmap_cs_associated == this_entry->pmap_cs_associated) &&
+           /* from_reserved_zone: OK if that field doesn't match */
+           (prev_entry->iokit_acct == this_entry->iokit_acct) &&
+           (prev_entry->vme_resilient_codesign ==
+           this_entry->vme_resilient_codesign) &&
+           (prev_entry->vme_resilient_media ==
+           this_entry->vme_resilient_media) &&
+           (prev_entry->vme_no_copy_on_read == this_entry->vme_no_copy_on_read) &&
+
            (prev_entry->wired_count == this_entry->wired_count) &&
            (prev_entry->user_wired_count == this_entry->user_wired_count) &&
 
-           (prev_entry->needs_copy == this_entry->needs_copy) &&
-           (prev_entry->permanent == this_entry->permanent) &&
-
-           (prev_entry->use_pmap == FALSE) &&
-           (this_entry->use_pmap == FALSE) &&
+           ((prev_entry->vme_atomic == FALSE) && (this_entry->vme_atomic == FALSE)) &&
            (prev_entry->in_transition == FALSE) &&
            (this_entry->in_transition == FALSE) &&
            (prev_entry->needs_wakeup == FALSE) &&
            (this_entry->needs_wakeup == FALSE) &&
-           (prev_entry->is_shared == FALSE) &&
-           (this_entry->is_shared == FALSE)
-               ) {
-               _vm_map_entry_unlink(&map->hdr, prev_entry);
+           (prev_entry->is_shared == this_entry->is_shared) &&
+           (prev_entry->superpage_size == FALSE) &&
+           (this_entry->superpage_size == FALSE)
+           ) {
+               vm_map_store_entry_unlink(map, prev_entry);
+               assert(prev_entry->vme_start < this_entry->vme_end);
+               if (prev_entry->map_aligned) {
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(prev_entry->vme_start,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+               }
                this_entry->vme_start = prev_entry->vme_start;
-               this_entry->offset = prev_entry->offset;
+               VME_OFFSET_SET(this_entry, VME_OFFSET(prev_entry));
+
+               if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                       vm_map_store_update_first_free(map, this_entry, TRUE);
+               }
+
                if (prev_entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       vm_map_deallocate(prev_entry->object.sub_map);
+                       vm_map_deallocate(VME_SUBMAP(prev_entry));
                } else {
-                       vm_object_deallocate(prev_entry->object.vm_object);
+                       vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(prev_entry));
                }
                vm_map_entry_dispose(map, prev_entry);
                SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(map, this_entry);
-               counter(c_vm_map_simplified++);
        }
 }
 
 void
 vm_map_simplify(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t  this_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  this_entry;
 
        vm_map_lock(map);
        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &this_entry)) {
                vm_map_simplify_entry(map, this_entry);
                vm_map_simplify_entry(map, this_entry->vme_next);
        }
-       counter(c_vm_map_simplify_called++);
        vm_map_unlock(map);
 }
 
 static void
 vm_map_simplify_range(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
 
        /*
         * The map should be locked (for "write") by the caller.
@@ -9770,8 +15141,10 @@ vm_map_simplify_range(
                return;
        }
 
-       start = vm_map_trunc_page(start);
-       end = vm_map_round_page(end);
+       start = vm_map_trunc_page(start,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+       end = vm_map_round_page(end,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
 
        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
                /* "start" is not mapped and "entry" ends before "start" */
@@ -9783,9 +15156,9 @@ vm_map_simplify_range(
                        entry = entry->vme_next;
                }
        }
-               
+
        while (entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) &&
-              entry->vme_start <= end) {
+           entry->vme_start <= end) {
                /* try and coalesce "entry" with its previous entry */
                vm_map_simplify_entry(map, entry);
                entry = entry->vme_next;
@@ -9809,71 +15182,73 @@ vm_map_simplify_range(
  */
 kern_return_t
 vm_map_machine_attribute(
-       vm_map_t                        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         start,
-       vm_map_offset_t         end,
-       vm_machine_attribute_t  attribute,
-       vm_machine_attribute_val_t* value)              /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_t                        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       vm_machine_attribute_t  attribute,
+       vm_machine_attribute_val_t* value)              /* IN/OUT */
 {
-       kern_return_t   ret;
+       kern_return_t   ret;
        vm_map_size_t sync_size;
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       
-       if (start < vm_map_min(map) || end > vm_map_max(map))
+
+       if (start < vm_map_min(map) || end > vm_map_max(map)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
 
        /* Figure how much memory we need to flush (in page increments) */
        sync_size = end - start;
 
        vm_map_lock(map);
-       
-       if (attribute != MATTR_CACHE) { 
+
+       if (attribute != MATTR_CACHE) {
                /* If we don't have to find physical addresses, we */
                /* don't have to do an explicit traversal here.    */
-               ret = pmap_attribute(map->pmap, start, end-start,
-                                    attribute, value);
+               ret = pmap_attribute(map->pmap, start, end - start,
+                   attribute, value);
                vm_map_unlock(map);
                return ret;
        }
 
-       ret = KERN_SUCCESS;                                                                             /* Assume it all worked */
+       ret = KERN_SUCCESS;                                                                             /* Assume it all worked */
 
-       while(sync_size) {
+       while (sync_size) {
                if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
-                       vm_map_size_t   sub_size;
-                       if((entry->vme_end - start) > sync_size) {
+                       vm_map_size_t   sub_size;
+                       if ((entry->vme_end - start) > sync_size) {
                                sub_size = sync_size;
                                sync_size = 0;
                        } else {
                                sub_size = entry->vme_end - start;
                                sync_size -= sub_size;
                        }
-                       if(entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
                                vm_map_offset_t sub_start;
                                vm_map_offset_t sub_end;
 
-                               sub_start = (start - entry->vme_start) 
-                                       + entry->offset;
+                               sub_start = (start - entry->vme_start)
+                                   + VME_OFFSET(entry);
                                sub_end = sub_start + sub_size;
                                vm_map_machine_attribute(
-                                       entry->object.sub_map, 
+                                       VME_SUBMAP(entry),
                                        sub_start,
                                        sub_end,
                                        attribute, value);
                        } else {
-                               if(entry->object.vm_object) {
-                                       vm_page_t               m;
-                                       vm_object_t             object;
-                                       vm_object_t             base_object;
-                                       vm_object_t             last_object;
-                                       vm_object_offset_t      offset;
-                                       vm_object_offset_t      base_offset;
-                                       vm_map_size_t           range;
+                               if (VME_OBJECT(entry)) {
+                                       vm_page_t               m;
+                                       vm_object_t             object;
+                                       vm_object_t             base_object;
+                                       vm_object_t             last_object;
+                                       vm_object_offset_t      offset;
+                                       vm_object_offset_t      base_offset;
+                                       vm_map_size_t           range;
                                        range = sub_size;
                                        offset = (start - entry->vme_start)
-                                               + entry->offset;
+                                           + VME_OFFSET(entry);
+                                       offset = vm_object_trunc_page(offset);
                                        base_offset = offset;
-                                       object = entry->object.vm_object;
+                                       object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
                                        base_object = object;
                                        last_object = NULL;
 
@@ -9883,25 +15258,28 @@ vm_map_machine_attribute(
                                                m = vm_page_lookup(
                                                        object, offset);
 
-                                               if (m && !m->fictitious) {
-                                                       ret = 
-                                                               pmap_attribute_cache_sync(
-                                                                       m->phys_page,   
-                                                                       PAGE_SIZE, 
-                                                                       attribute, value);
-                                                       
+                                               if (m && !m->vmp_fictitious) {
+                                                       ret =
+                                                           pmap_attribute_cache_sync(
+                                                               VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m),
+                                                               PAGE_SIZE,
+                                                               attribute, value);
                                                } else if (object->shadow) {
-                                                       offset = offset + object->shadow_offset;
+                                                       offset = offset + object->vo_shadow_offset;
                                                        last_object = object;
                                                        object = object->shadow;
                                                        vm_object_lock(last_object->shadow);
                                                        vm_object_unlock(last_object);
                                                        continue;
                                                }
-                                               range -= PAGE_SIZE;
+                                               if (range < PAGE_SIZE) {
+                                                       range = 0;
+                                               } else {
+                                                       range -= PAGE_SIZE;
+                                               }
 
                                                if (base_object != object) {
-                                                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+                                                       vm_object_unlock(object);
                                                        vm_object_lock(base_object);
                                                        object = base_object;
                                                }
@@ -9917,7 +15295,6 @@ vm_map_machine_attribute(
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
                        return KERN_FAILURE;
                }
-               
        }
 
        vm_map_unlock(map);
@@ -9930,25 +15307,26 @@ vm_map_machine_attribute(
  *
  *     Sets the paging reference behavior of the specified address
  *     range in the target map.  Paging reference behavior affects
- *     how pagein operations resulting from faults on the map will be 
+ *     how pagein operations resulting from faults on the map will be
  *     clustered.
  */
-kern_return_t 
+kern_return_t
 vm_map_behavior_set(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end,
-       vm_behavior_t   new_behavior)
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end,
+       vm_behavior_t   new_behavior)
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       vm_map_entry_t  temp_entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t  temp_entry;
 
-       XPR(XPR_VM_MAP,
-           "vm_map_behavior_set, 0x%X start 0x%X end 0x%X behavior %d",
-           map, start, end, new_behavior, 0);
+       if (start > end ||
+           start < vm_map_min(map) ||
+           end > vm_map_max(map)) {
+               return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+       }
 
        switch (new_behavior) {
-
        /*
         * This first block of behaviors all set a persistent state on the specified
         * memory range.  All we have to do here is to record the desired behavior
@@ -9961,10 +15339,10 @@ vm_map_behavior_set(
        case VM_BEHAVIOR_RSEQNTL:
        case VM_BEHAVIOR_ZERO_WIRED_PAGES:
                vm_map_lock(map);
-       
+
                /*
                 *      The entire address range must be valid for the map.
-                *      Note that vm_map_range_check() does a 
+                *      Note that vm_map_range_check() does a
                 *      vm_map_lookup_entry() internally and returns the
                 *      entry containing the start of the address range if
                 *      the entire range is valid.
@@ -9972,30 +15350,31 @@ vm_map_behavior_set(
                if (vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &temp_entry)) {
                        entry = temp_entry;
                        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
-               }
-               else {
+               } else {
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                }
-       
+
                while ((entry != vm_map_to_entry(map)) && (entry->vme_start < end)) {
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
-                       assert(!entry->use_pmap);
-       
-                       if( new_behavior == VM_BEHAVIOR_ZERO_WIRED_PAGES ) {
+                       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               assert(!entry->use_pmap);
+                       }
+
+                       if (new_behavior == VM_BEHAVIOR_ZERO_WIRED_PAGES) {
                                entry->zero_wired_pages = TRUE;
                        } else {
                                entry->behavior = new_behavior;
                        }
                        entry = entry->vme_next;
                }
-       
+
                vm_map_unlock(map);
                break;
 
        /*
         * The rest of these are different from the above in that they cause
-        * an immediate action to take place as opposed to setting a behavior that 
+        * an immediate action to take place as opposed to setting a behavior that
         * affects future actions.
         */
 
@@ -10011,2641 +15390,6533 @@ vm_map_behavior_set(
        case VM_BEHAVIOR_REUSABLE:
                return vm_map_reusable_pages(map, start, end);
 
-       case VM_BEHAVIOR_REUSE:
-               return vm_map_reuse_pages(map, start, end);
+       case VM_BEHAVIOR_REUSE:
+               return vm_map_reuse_pages(map, start, end);
+
+       case VM_BEHAVIOR_CAN_REUSE:
+               return vm_map_can_reuse(map, start, end);
+
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+       case VM_BEHAVIOR_PAGEOUT:
+               return vm_map_pageout(map, start, end);
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
+
+       default:
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
+
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Internals for madvise(MADV_WILLNEED) system call.
+ *
+ * The implementation is to do:-
+ * a) read-ahead if the mapping corresponds to a mapped regular file
+ * b) or, fault in the pages (zero-fill, decompress etc) if it's an anonymous mapping
+ */
+
+
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_willneed(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end
+       )
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
+       vm_object_t                     object;
+       memory_object_t                 pager;
+       struct vm_object_fault_info     fault_info = {};
+       kern_return_t                   kr;
+       vm_object_size_t                len;
+       vm_object_offset_t              offset;
+
+       fault_info.interruptible = THREAD_UNINT;        /* ignored value */
+       fault_info.behavior      = VM_BEHAVIOR_SEQUENTIAL;
+       fault_info.stealth       = TRUE;
+
+       /*
+        * The MADV_WILLNEED operation doesn't require any changes to the
+        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
+        */
+
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+
+       /*
+        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
+        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
+        * an error.
+        */
+
+       if (!vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
+        */
+       for (; entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) && start < end;) {
+               /*
+                * The first time through, the start address could be anywhere
+                * within the vm_map_entry we found.  So adjust the offset to
+                * correspond.  After that, the offset will always be zero to
+                * correspond to the beginning of the current vm_map_entry.
+                */
+               offset = (start - entry->vme_start) + VME_OFFSET(entry);
+
+               /*
+                * Set the length so we don't go beyond the end of the
+                * map_entry or beyond the end of the range we were given.
+                * This range could span also multiple map entries all of which
+                * map different files, so make sure we only do the right amount
+                * of I/O for each object.  Note that it's possible for there
+                * to be multiple map entries all referring to the same object
+                * but with different page permissions, but it's not worth
+                * trying to optimize that case.
+                */
+               len = MIN(entry->vme_end - start, end - start);
+
+               if ((vm_size_t) len != len) {
+                       /* 32-bit overflow */
+                       len = (vm_size_t) (0 - PAGE_SIZE);
+               }
+               fault_info.cluster_size = (vm_size_t) len;
+               fault_info.lo_offset    = offset;
+               fault_info.hi_offset    = offset + len;
+               fault_info.user_tag     = VME_ALIAS(entry);
+               fault_info.pmap_options = 0;
+               if (entry->iokit_acct ||
+                   (!entry->is_sub_map && !entry->use_pmap)) {
+                       fault_info.pmap_options |= PMAP_OPTIONS_ALT_ACCT;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * If the entry is a submap OR there's no read permission
+                * to this mapping, then just skip it.
+                */
+               if ((entry->is_sub_map) || (entry->protection & VM_PROT_READ) == 0) {
+                       entry = entry->vme_next;
+                       start = entry->vme_start;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+
+               if (object == NULL ||
+                   (object && object->internal)) {
+                       /*
+                        * Memory range backed by anonymous memory.
+                        */
+                       vm_size_t region_size = 0, effective_page_size = 0;
+                       vm_map_offset_t addr = 0, effective_page_mask = 0;
+
+                       region_size = len;
+                       addr = start;
+
+                       effective_page_mask = MIN(vm_map_page_mask(current_map()), PAGE_MASK);
+                       effective_page_size = effective_page_mask + 1;
+
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+
+                       while (region_size) {
+                               vm_pre_fault(
+                                       vm_map_trunc_page(addr, effective_page_mask),
+                                       VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
+
+                               region_size -= effective_page_size;
+                               addr += effective_page_size;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       /*
+                        * Find the file object backing this map entry.  If there is
+                        * none, then we simply ignore the "will need" advice for this
+                        * entry and go on to the next one.
+                        */
+                       if ((object = find_vnode_object(entry)) == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                               entry = entry->vme_next;
+                               start = entry->vme_start;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       vm_object_paging_begin(object);
+                       pager = object->pager;
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+
+                       /*
+                        * The data_request() could take a long time, so let's
+                        * release the map lock to avoid blocking other threads.
+                        */
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+
+                       /*
+                        * Get the data from the object asynchronously.
+                        *
+                        * Note that memory_object_data_request() places limits on the
+                        * amount of I/O it will do.  Regardless of the len we
+                        * specified, it won't do more than MAX_UPL_TRANSFER_BYTES and it
+                        * silently truncates the len to that size.  This isn't
+                        * necessarily bad since madvise shouldn't really be used to
+                        * page in unlimited amounts of data.  Other Unix variants
+                        * limit the willneed case as well.  If this turns out to be an
+                        * issue for developers, then we can always adjust the policy
+                        * here and still be backwards compatible since this is all
+                        * just "advice".
+                        */
+                       kr = memory_object_data_request(
+                               pager,
+                               vm_object_trunc_page(offset) + object->paging_offset,
+                               0,      /* ignored */
+                               VM_PROT_READ,
+                               (memory_object_fault_info_t)&fault_info);
+
+                       vm_object_lock(object);
+                       vm_object_paging_end(object);
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+
+                       /*
+                        * If we couldn't do the I/O for some reason, just give up on
+                        * the madvise.  We still return success to the user since
+                        * madvise isn't supposed to fail when the advice can't be
+                        * taken.
+                        */
+
+                       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               start += len;
+               if (start >= end) {
+                       /* done */
+                       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+               }
+
+               /* look up next entry */
+               vm_map_lock_read(map);
+               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
+                       /*
+                        * There's a new hole in the address range.
+                        */
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+       }
+
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static boolean_t
+vm_map_entry_is_reusable(
+       vm_map_entry_t entry)
+{
+       /* Only user map entries */
+
+       vm_object_t object;
+
+       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       switch (VME_ALIAS(entry)) {
+       case VM_MEMORY_MALLOC:
+       case VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_SMALL:
+       case VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE:
+       case VM_MEMORY_REALLOC:
+       case VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_TINY:
+       case VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSABLE:
+       case VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSED:
+               /*
+                * This is a malloc() memory region: check if it's still
+                * in its original state and can be re-used for more
+                * malloc() allocations.
+                */
+               break;
+       default:
+               /*
+                * Not a malloc() memory region: let the caller decide if
+                * it's re-usable.
+                */
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+
+       if (/*entry->is_shared ||*/
+               entry->is_sub_map ||
+               entry->in_transition ||
+               entry->protection != VM_PROT_DEFAULT ||
+               entry->max_protection != VM_PROT_ALL ||
+               entry->inheritance != VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT ||
+               entry->no_cache ||
+               entry->permanent ||
+               entry->superpage_size != FALSE ||
+               entry->zero_wired_pages ||
+               entry->wired_count != 0 ||
+               entry->user_wired_count != 0) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+       if (
+#if 0
+               /*
+                * Let's proceed even if the VM object is potentially
+                * shared.
+                * We check for this later when processing the actual
+                * VM pages, so the contents will be safe if shared.
+                *
+                * But we can still mark this memory region as "reusable" to
+                * acknowledge that the caller did let us know that the memory
+                * could be re-used and should not be penalized for holding
+                * on to it.  This allows its "resident size" to not include
+                * the reusable range.
+                */
+               object->ref_count == 1 &&
+#endif
+               object->wired_page_count == 0 &&
+               object->copy == VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+               object->shadow == VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+               object->internal &&
+               object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_DENY &&
+               object->wimg_bits == VM_WIMG_USE_DEFAULT &&
+               !object->code_signed) {
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+       return FALSE;
+}
+
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_reuse_pages(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
+       vm_object_t                     object;
+       vm_object_offset_t              start_offset, end_offset;
+
+       /*
+        * The MADV_REUSE operation doesn't require any changes to the
+        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
+        */
+
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               /*
+                * XXX TODO4K
+                * need to figure out what reusable means for a
+                * portion of a native page.
+                */
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       assert(map->pmap != kernel_pmap);       /* protect alias access */
+
+       /*
+        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
+        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
+        * an error.
+        */
+
+       if (!vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               vm_page_stats_reusable.reuse_pages_failure++;
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
+        */
+       for (; entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) && entry->vme_start < end;
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               /*
+                * Sanity check on the VM map entry.
+                */
+               if (!vm_map_entry_is_reusable(entry)) {
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                       vm_page_stats_reusable.reuse_pages_failure++;
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * The first time through, the start address could be anywhere
+                * within the vm_map_entry we found.  So adjust the offset to
+                * correspond.
+                */
+               if (entry->vme_start < start) {
+                       start_offset = start - entry->vme_start;
+               } else {
+                       start_offset = 0;
+               }
+               end_offset = MIN(end, entry->vme_end) - entry->vme_start;
+               start_offset += VME_OFFSET(entry);
+               end_offset += VME_OFFSET(entry);
+
+               assert(!entry->is_sub_map);
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+               if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       vm_object_lock(object);
+                       vm_object_reuse_pages(object, start_offset, end_offset,
+                           TRUE);
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+               }
+
+               if (VME_ALIAS(entry) == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSABLE) {
+                       /*
+                        * XXX
+                        * We do not hold the VM map exclusively here.
+                        * The "alias" field is not that critical, so it's
+                        * safe to update it here, as long as it is the only
+                        * one that can be modified while holding the VM map
+                        * "shared".
+                        */
+                       VME_ALIAS_SET(entry, VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSED);
+               }
+       }
+
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       vm_page_stats_reusable.reuse_pages_success++;
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_reusable_pages(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
+       vm_object_t                     object;
+       vm_object_offset_t              start_offset, end_offset;
+       vm_map_offset_t                 pmap_offset;
+
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               /*
+                * XXX TODO4K
+                * need to figure out what reusable means for a portion
+                * of a native page.
+                */
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The MADV_REUSABLE operation doesn't require any changes to the
+        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
+        */
+
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       assert(map->pmap != kernel_pmap);       /* protect alias access */
+
+       /*
+        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
+        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
+        * an error.
+        */
+
+       if (!vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_failure++;
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
+        */
+       for (; entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) && entry->vme_start < end;
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               int kill_pages = 0;
+
+               /*
+                * Sanity check on the VM map entry.
+                */
+               if (!vm_map_entry_is_reusable(entry)) {
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                       vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_failure++;
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+
+               if (!(entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) && !entry->used_for_jit) {
+                       /* not writable: can't discard contents */
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                       vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_nonwritable++;
+                       vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_failure++;
+                       return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * The first time through, the start address could be anywhere
+                * within the vm_map_entry we found.  So adjust the offset to
+                * correspond.
+                */
+               if (entry->vme_start < start) {
+                       start_offset = start - entry->vme_start;
+                       pmap_offset = start;
+               } else {
+                       start_offset = 0;
+                       pmap_offset = entry->vme_start;
+               }
+               end_offset = MIN(end, entry->vme_end) - entry->vme_start;
+               start_offset += VME_OFFSET(entry);
+               end_offset += VME_OFFSET(entry);
+
+               assert(!entry->is_sub_map);
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+               if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+
+               vm_object_lock(object);
+               if (((object->ref_count == 1) ||
+                   (object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC &&
+                   object->copy == VM_OBJECT_NULL)) &&
+                   object->shadow == VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                   /*
+                    * "iokit_acct" entries are billed for their virtual size
+                    * (rather than for their resident pages only), so they
+                    * wouldn't benefit from making pages reusable, and it
+                    * would be hard to keep track of pages that are both
+                    * "iokit_acct" and "reusable" in the pmap stats and
+                    * ledgers.
+                    */
+                   !(entry->iokit_acct ||
+                   (!entry->is_sub_map && !entry->use_pmap))) {
+                       if (object->ref_count != 1) {
+                               vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_shared++;
+                       }
+                       kill_pages = 1;
+               } else {
+                       kill_pages = -1;
+               }
+               if (kill_pages != -1) {
+                       vm_object_deactivate_pages(object,
+                           start_offset,
+                           end_offset - start_offset,
+                           kill_pages,
+                           TRUE /*reusable_pages*/,
+                           map->pmap,
+                           pmap_offset);
+               } else {
+                       vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_shared++;
+               }
+               vm_object_unlock(object);
+
+               if (VME_ALIAS(entry) == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE ||
+                   VME_ALIAS(entry) == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSED) {
+                       /*
+                        * XXX
+                        * We do not hold the VM map exclusively here.
+                        * The "alias" field is not that critical, so it's
+                        * safe to update it here, as long as it is the only
+                        * one that can be modified while holding the VM map
+                        * "shared".
+                        */
+                       VME_ALIAS_SET(entry, VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSABLE);
+               }
+       }
+
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_success++;
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_can_reuse(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
+
+       /*
+        * The MADV_REUSABLE operation doesn't require any changes to the
+        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
+        */
+
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       assert(map->pmap != kernel_pmap);       /* protect alias access */
+
+       /*
+        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
+        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
+        * an error.
+        */
+
+       if (!vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               vm_page_stats_reusable.can_reuse_failure++;
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
+        */
+       for (; entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) && entry->vme_start < end;
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               /*
+                * Sanity check on the VM map entry.
+                */
+               if (!vm_map_entry_is_reusable(entry)) {
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                       vm_page_stats_reusable.can_reuse_failure++;
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+       }
+
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       vm_page_stats_reusable.can_reuse_success++;
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_pageout(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t start,
+       vm_map_offset_t end)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
+
+       /*
+        * The MADV_PAGEOUT operation doesn't require any changes to the
+        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
+        */
+
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+
+       /*
+        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
+        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
+        * an error.
+        */
+
+       if (!vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
+        */
+       for (; entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) && entry->vme_start < end;
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               vm_object_t     object;
+
+               /*
+                * Sanity check on the VM map entry.
+                */
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_t submap;
+                       vm_map_offset_t submap_start;
+                       vm_map_offset_t submap_end;
+                       vm_map_entry_t submap_entry;
+
+                       submap = VME_SUBMAP(entry);
+                       submap_start = VME_OFFSET(entry);
+                       submap_end = submap_start + (entry->vme_end -
+                           entry->vme_start);
+
+                       vm_map_lock_read(submap);
+
+                       if (!vm_map_range_check(submap,
+                           submap_start,
+                           submap_end,
+                           &submap_entry)) {
+                               vm_map_unlock_read(submap);
+                               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+                       }
+
+                       object = VME_OBJECT(submap_entry);
+                       if (submap_entry->is_sub_map ||
+                           object == VM_OBJECT_NULL ||
+                           !object->internal) {
+                               vm_map_unlock_read(submap);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       vm_object_pageout(object);
+
+                       vm_map_unlock_read(submap);
+                       submap = VM_MAP_NULL;
+                       submap_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+               if (entry->is_sub_map ||
+                   object == VM_OBJECT_NULL ||
+                   !object->internal) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               vm_object_pageout(object);
+       }
+
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
+
+
+/*
+ *     Routine:        vm_map_entry_insert
+ *
+ *     Description:    This routine inserts a new vm_entry in a locked map.
+ */
+vm_map_entry_t
+vm_map_entry_insert(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_entry_t          insp_entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end,
+       vm_object_t             object,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       boolean_t               needs_copy,
+       boolean_t               is_shared,
+       boolean_t               in_transition,
+       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
+       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
+       vm_behavior_t           behavior,
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance,
+       unsigned short          wired_count,
+       boolean_t               no_cache,
+       boolean_t               permanent,
+       boolean_t               no_copy_on_read,
+       unsigned int            superpage_size,
+       boolean_t               clear_map_aligned,
+       boolean_t               is_submap,
+       boolean_t               used_for_jit,
+       int                     alias,
+       boolean_t               translated_allow_execute)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry;
+
+       assert(insp_entry != (vm_map_entry_t)0);
+       vm_map_lock_assert_exclusive(map);
+
+#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
+       vm_object_offset_t      end_offset = 0;
+       assertf(!os_add_overflow(end - start, offset, &end_offset), "size 0x%llx, offset 0x%llx caused overflow", (uint64_t)(end - start), offset);
+#endif /* DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG */
+
+       new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(map, !map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) != PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               new_entry->map_aligned = TRUE;
+       } else {
+               new_entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+       }
+       if (clear_map_aligned &&
+           (!VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(start, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)) ||
+           !VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(end, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)))) {
+               new_entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+       }
+
+       new_entry->vme_start = start;
+       new_entry->vme_end = end;
+       if (new_entry->map_aligned) {
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(new_entry->vme_start,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+               assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(new_entry->vme_end,
+                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+       } else {
+               assert(page_aligned(new_entry->vme_start));
+               assert(page_aligned(new_entry->vme_end));
+       }
+       assert(new_entry->vme_start < new_entry->vme_end);
+
+       VME_OBJECT_SET(new_entry, object);
+       VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry, offset);
+       new_entry->is_shared = is_shared;
+       new_entry->is_sub_map = is_submap;
+       new_entry->needs_copy = needs_copy;
+       new_entry->in_transition = in_transition;
+       new_entry->needs_wakeup = FALSE;
+       new_entry->inheritance = inheritance;
+       new_entry->protection = cur_protection;
+       new_entry->max_protection = max_protection;
+       new_entry->behavior = behavior;
+       new_entry->wired_count = wired_count;
+       new_entry->user_wired_count = 0;
+       if (is_submap) {
+               /*
+                * submap: "use_pmap" means "nested".
+                * default: false.
+                */
+               new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * object: "use_pmap" means "use pmap accounting" for footprint.
+                * default: true.
+                */
+               new_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+       }
+       VME_ALIAS_SET(new_entry, alias);
+       new_entry->zero_wired_pages = FALSE;
+       new_entry->no_cache = no_cache;
+       new_entry->permanent = permanent;
+       if (superpage_size) {
+               new_entry->superpage_size = TRUE;
+       } else {
+               new_entry->superpage_size = FALSE;
+       }
+       if (used_for_jit) {
+               if (!(map->jit_entry_exists) ||
+                   VM_MAP_POLICY_ALLOW_MULTIPLE_JIT(map)) {
+                       new_entry->used_for_jit = TRUE;
+                       map->jit_entry_exists = TRUE;
+               }
+       } else {
+               new_entry->used_for_jit = FALSE;
+       }
+       if (translated_allow_execute) {
+               new_entry->translated_allow_execute = TRUE;
+       } else {
+               new_entry->translated_allow_execute = FALSE;
+       }
+       new_entry->pmap_cs_associated = FALSE;
+       new_entry->iokit_acct = FALSE;
+       new_entry->vme_resilient_codesign = FALSE;
+       new_entry->vme_resilient_media = FALSE;
+       new_entry->vme_atomic = FALSE;
+       new_entry->vme_no_copy_on_read = no_copy_on_read;
+
+       /*
+        *      Insert the new entry into the list.
+        */
+
+       vm_map_store_entry_link(map, insp_entry, new_entry, vmk_flags);
+       map->size += end - start;
+
+       /*
+        *      Update the free space hint and the lookup hint.
+        */
+
+       SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(map, new_entry);
+       return new_entry;
+}
+
+/*
+ *     Routine:        vm_map_remap_extract
+ *
+ *     Description:    This routine returns a vm_entry list from a map.
+ */
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_remap_extract(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         addr,
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       boolean_t               copy,
+       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
+       vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,   /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_prot_t               *max_protection,   /* IN/OUT */
+       /* What, no behavior? */
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags)
+{
+       kern_return_t           result;
+       vm_map_size_t           mapped_size;
+       vm_map_size_t           tmp_size;
+       vm_map_entry_t          src_entry;     /* result of last map lookup */
+       vm_map_entry_t          new_entry;
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset;
+       vm_map_offset_t         map_address;
+       vm_map_offset_t         src_start;     /* start of entry to map */
+       vm_map_offset_t         src_end;       /* end of region to be mapped */
+       vm_object_t             object;
+       vm_map_version_t        version;
+       boolean_t               src_needs_copy;
+       boolean_t               new_entry_needs_copy;
+       vm_map_entry_t          saved_src_entry;
+       boolean_t               src_entry_was_wired;
+       vm_prot_t               max_prot_for_prot_copy;
+       vm_map_offset_t         effective_page_mask;
+       boolean_t               pageable, same_map;
+       boolean_t               vm_remap_legacy;
+       vm_prot_t               required_cur_prot, required_max_prot;
+
+       pageable = vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_pageable;
+       same_map = vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_same_map;
+
+       effective_page_mask = MIN(PAGE_MASK, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+
+       assert(map != VM_MAP_NULL);
+       assert(size != 0);
+       assert(size == vm_map_round_page(size, effective_page_mask));
+       assert(inheritance == VM_INHERIT_NONE ||
+           inheritance == VM_INHERIT_COPY ||
+           inheritance == VM_INHERIT_SHARE);
+       assert(!(*cur_protection & ~VM_PROT_ALL));
+       assert(!(*max_protection & ~VM_PROT_ALL));
+       assert((*cur_protection & *max_protection) == *cur_protection);
+
+       /*
+        *      Compute start and end of region.
+        */
+       src_start = vm_map_trunc_page(addr, effective_page_mask);
+       src_end = vm_map_round_page(src_start + size, effective_page_mask);
+
+       /*
+        *      Initialize map_header.
+        */
+       map_header->links.next = CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(&map_header->links);
+       map_header->links.prev = CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(&map_header->links);
+       map_header->nentries = 0;
+       map_header->entries_pageable = pageable;
+//     map_header->page_shift = MIN(VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map), PAGE_SHIFT);
+       map_header->page_shift = VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map);
+       map_header->rb_head_store.rbh_root = (void *)(int)SKIP_RB_TREE;
+
+       vm_map_store_init( map_header );
+
+       if (copy && vmk_flags.vmkf_remap_prot_copy) {
+               /*
+                * Special case for vm_map_protect(VM_PROT_COPY):
+                * we want to set the new mappings' max protection to the
+                * specified *max_protection...
+                */
+               max_prot_for_prot_copy = *max_protection & VM_PROT_ALL;
+               /* ... but we want to use the vm_remap() legacy mode */
+               *max_protection = VM_PROT_NONE;
+               *cur_protection = VM_PROT_NONE;
+       } else {
+               max_prot_for_prot_copy = VM_PROT_NONE;
+       }
+
+       if (*cur_protection == VM_PROT_NONE &&
+           *max_protection == VM_PROT_NONE) {
+               /*
+                * vm_remap() legacy mode:
+                * Extract all memory regions in the specified range and
+                * collect the strictest set of protections allowed on the
+                * entire range, so the caller knows what they can do with
+                * the remapped range.
+                * We start with VM_PROT_ALL and we'll remove the protections
+                * missing from each memory region.
+                */
+               vm_remap_legacy = TRUE;
+               *cur_protection = VM_PROT_ALL;
+               *max_protection = VM_PROT_ALL;
+               required_cur_prot = VM_PROT_NONE;
+               required_max_prot = VM_PROT_NONE;
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * vm_remap_new() mode:
+                * Extract all memory regions in the specified range and
+                * ensure that they have at least the protections specified
+                * by the caller via *cur_protection and *max_protection.
+                * The resulting mapping should have these protections.
+                */
+               vm_remap_legacy = FALSE;
+               if (copy) {
+                       required_cur_prot = VM_PROT_NONE;
+                       required_max_prot = VM_PROT_READ;
+               } else {
+                       required_cur_prot = *cur_protection;
+                       required_max_prot = *max_protection;
+               }
+       }
+
+       map_address = 0;
+       mapped_size = 0;
+       result = KERN_SUCCESS;
+
+       /*
+        *      The specified source virtual space might correspond to
+        *      multiple map entries, need to loop on them.
+        */
+       vm_map_lock(map);
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               /*
+                * This address space uses sub-pages so the range might
+                * not be re-mappable in an address space with larger
+                * pages. Re-assemble any broken-up VM map entries to
+                * improve our chances of making it work.
+                */
+               vm_map_simplify_range(map, src_start, src_end);
+       }
+       while (mapped_size != size) {
+               vm_map_size_t   entry_size;
+
+               /*
+                *      Find the beginning of the region.
+                */
+               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, src_start, &src_entry)) {
+                       result = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               if (src_start < src_entry->vme_start ||
+                   (mapped_size && src_start != src_entry->vme_start)) {
+                       result = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               tmp_size = size - mapped_size;
+               if (src_end > src_entry->vme_end) {
+                       tmp_size -= (src_end - src_entry->vme_end);
+               }
+
+               entry_size = (vm_map_size_t)(src_entry->vme_end -
+                   src_entry->vme_start);
+
+               if (src_entry->is_sub_map &&
+                   vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_single_object) {
+                       vm_map_t submap;
+                       vm_map_offset_t submap_start;
+                       vm_map_size_t submap_size;
+                       boolean_t submap_needs_copy;
+
+                       /*
+                        * No check for "required protection" on "src_entry"
+                        * because the protections that matter are the ones
+                        * on the submap's VM map entry, which will be checked
+                        * during the call to vm_map_remap_extract() below.
+                        */
+                       submap_size = src_entry->vme_end - src_start;
+                       if (submap_size > size) {
+                               submap_size = size;
+                       }
+                       submap_start = VME_OFFSET(src_entry) + src_start - src_entry->vme_start;
+                       submap = VME_SUBMAP(src_entry);
+                       if (copy) {
+                               /*
+                                * The caller wants a copy-on-write re-mapping,
+                                * so let's extract from the submap accordingly.
+                                */
+                               submap_needs_copy = TRUE;
+                       } else if (src_entry->needs_copy) {
+                               /*
+                                * The caller wants a shared re-mapping but the
+                                * submap is mapped with "needs_copy", so its
+                                * contents can't be shared as is. Extract the
+                                * contents of the submap as "copy-on-write".
+                                * The re-mapping won't be shared with the
+                                * original mapping but this is equivalent to
+                                * what happened with the original "remap from
+                                * submap" code.
+                                * The shared region is mapped "needs_copy", for
+                                * example.
+                                */
+                               submap_needs_copy = TRUE;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * The caller wants a shared re-mapping and
+                                * this mapping can be shared (no "needs_copy"),
+                                * so let's extract from the submap accordingly.
+                                * Kernel submaps are mapped without
+                                * "needs_copy", for example.
+                                */
+                               submap_needs_copy = FALSE;
+                       }
+                       vm_map_reference(submap);
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       src_entry = NULL;
+                       if (vm_remap_legacy) {
+                               *cur_protection = VM_PROT_NONE;
+                               *max_protection = VM_PROT_NONE;
+                       }
+
+                       DTRACE_VM7(remap_submap_recurse,
+                           vm_map_t, map,
+                           vm_map_offset_t, addr,
+                           vm_map_size_t, size,
+                           boolean_t, copy,
+                           vm_map_offset_t, submap_start,
+                           vm_map_size_t, submap_size,
+                           boolean_t, submap_needs_copy);
+
+                       result = vm_map_remap_extract(submap,
+                           submap_start,
+                           submap_size,
+                           submap_needs_copy,
+                           map_header,
+                           cur_protection,
+                           max_protection,
+                           inheritance,
+                           vmk_flags);
+                       vm_map_deallocate(submap);
+                       return result;
+               }
+
+               if (src_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       /* protections for submap mapping are irrelevant here */
+               } else if (((src_entry->protection & required_cur_prot) !=
+                   required_cur_prot) ||
+                   ((src_entry->max_protection & required_max_prot) !=
+                   required_max_prot)) {
+                       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_single_object &&
+                           mapped_size != 0) {
+                               /*
+                                * Single object extraction.
+                                * We can't extract more with the required
+                                * protection but we've extracted some, so
+                                * stop there and declare success.
+                                * The caller should check the size of
+                                * the copy entry we've extracted.
+                                */
+                               result = KERN_SUCCESS;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * VM range extraction.
+                                * Required proctection is not available
+                                * for this part of the range: fail.
+                                */
+                               result = KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               if (src_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_t submap;
+                       vm_map_offset_t submap_start;
+                       vm_map_size_t submap_size;
+                       vm_map_copy_t submap_copy;
+                       vm_prot_t submap_curprot, submap_maxprot;
+                       boolean_t submap_needs_copy;
+
+                       /*
+                        * No check for "required protection" on "src_entry"
+                        * because the protections that matter are the ones
+                        * on the submap's VM map entry, which will be checked
+                        * during the call to vm_map_copy_extract() below.
+                        */
+                       object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+                       submap_copy = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+
+                       /* find equivalent range in the submap */
+                       submap = VME_SUBMAP(src_entry);
+                       submap_start = VME_OFFSET(src_entry) + src_start - src_entry->vme_start;
+                       submap_size = tmp_size;
+                       if (copy) {
+                               /*
+                                * The caller wants a copy-on-write re-mapping,
+                                * so let's extract from the submap accordingly.
+                                */
+                               submap_needs_copy = TRUE;
+                       } else if (src_entry->needs_copy) {
+                               /*
+                                * The caller wants a shared re-mapping but the
+                                * submap is mapped with "needs_copy", so its
+                                * contents can't be shared as is. Extract the
+                                * contents of the submap as "copy-on-write".
+                                * The re-mapping won't be shared with the
+                                * original mapping but this is equivalent to
+                                * what happened with the original "remap from
+                                * submap" code.
+                                * The shared region is mapped "needs_copy", for
+                                * example.
+                                */
+                               submap_needs_copy = TRUE;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * The caller wants a shared re-mapping and
+                                * this mapping can be shared (no "needs_copy"),
+                                * so let's extract from the submap accordingly.
+                                * Kernel submaps are mapped without
+                                * "needs_copy", for example.
+                                */
+                               submap_needs_copy = FALSE;
+                       }
+                       /* extra ref to keep submap alive */
+                       vm_map_reference(submap);
+
+                       DTRACE_VM7(remap_submap_recurse,
+                           vm_map_t, map,
+                           vm_map_offset_t, addr,
+                           vm_map_size_t, size,
+                           boolean_t, copy,
+                           vm_map_offset_t, submap_start,
+                           vm_map_size_t, submap_size,
+                           boolean_t, submap_needs_copy);
+
+                       /*
+                        * The map can be safely unlocked since we
+                        * already hold a reference on the submap.
+                        *
+                        * No timestamp since we don't care if the map
+                        * gets modified while we're down in the submap.
+                        * We'll resume the extraction at src_start + tmp_size
+                        * anyway.
+                        */
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       src_entry = NULL; /* not valid once map is unlocked */
+
+                       if (vm_remap_legacy) {
+                               submap_curprot = VM_PROT_NONE;
+                               submap_maxprot = VM_PROT_NONE;
+                               if (max_prot_for_prot_copy) {
+                                       submap_maxprot = max_prot_for_prot_copy;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               assert(!max_prot_for_prot_copy);
+                               submap_curprot = *cur_protection;
+                               submap_maxprot = *max_protection;
+                       }
+                       result = vm_map_copy_extract(submap,
+                           submap_start,
+                           submap_size,
+                           submap_needs_copy,
+                           &submap_copy,
+                           &submap_curprot,
+                           &submap_maxprot,
+                           inheritance,
+                           vmk_flags);
+
+                       /* release extra ref on submap */
+                       vm_map_deallocate(submap);
+                       submap = VM_MAP_NULL;
+
+                       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               vm_map_lock(map);
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       /* transfer submap_copy entries to map_header */
+                       while (vm_map_copy_first_entry(submap_copy) !=
+                           vm_map_copy_to_entry(submap_copy)) {
+                               vm_map_entry_t copy_entry;
+                               vm_map_size_t copy_entry_size;
+
+                               copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(submap_copy);
+                               assert(!copy_entry->is_sub_map);
+                               object = VME_OBJECT(copy_entry);
+
+                               /*
+                                * Prevent kernel_object from being exposed to
+                                * user space.
+                                */
+                               if (__improbable(object == kernel_object)) {
+                                       printf("%d[%s]: rejecting attempt to extract from kernel_object\n",
+                                           proc_selfpid(),
+                                           (current_task()->bsd_info
+                                           ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                                           : "?"));
+                                       DTRACE_VM(extract_kernel_only);
+                                       result = KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
+                                       vm_map_copy_discard(submap_copy);
+                                       submap_copy = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+                                       vm_map_lock(map);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(submap_copy, copy_entry);
+                               copy_entry_size = copy_entry->vme_end - copy_entry->vme_start;
+                               copy_entry->vme_start = map_address;
+                               copy_entry->vme_end = map_address + copy_entry_size;
+                               map_address += copy_entry_size;
+                               mapped_size += copy_entry_size;
+                               src_start += copy_entry_size;
+                               assert(src_start <= src_end);
+                               _vm_map_store_entry_link(map_header,
+                                   map_header->links.prev,
+                                   copy_entry);
+                       }
+                       /* done with submap_copy */
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(submap_copy);
+
+                       if (vm_remap_legacy) {
+                               *cur_protection &= submap_curprot;
+                               *max_protection &= submap_maxprot;
+                       }
+
+                       /* re-acquire the map lock and continue to next entry */
+                       vm_map_lock(map);
+                       continue;
+               } else {
+                       object = VME_OBJECT(src_entry);
+
+                       /*
+                        * Prevent kernel_object from being exposed to
+                        * user space.
+                        */
+                       if (__improbable(object == kernel_object)) {
+                               printf("%d[%s]: rejecting attempt to extract from kernel_object\n",
+                                   proc_selfpid(),
+                                   (current_task()->bsd_info
+                                   ? proc_name_address(current_task()->bsd_info)
+                                   : "?"));
+                               DTRACE_VM(extract_kernel_only);
+                               result = KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       if (src_entry->iokit_acct) {
+                               /*
+                                * This entry uses "IOKit accounting".
+                                */
+                       } else if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
+                           (object->purgable != VM_PURGABLE_DENY ||
+                           object->vo_ledger_tag != VM_LEDGER_TAG_NONE)) {
+                               /*
+                                * Purgeable objects have their own accounting:
+                                * no pmap accounting for them.
+                                */
+                               assertf(!src_entry->use_pmap,
+                                   "map=%p src_entry=%p [0x%llx:0x%llx] 0x%x/0x%x %d",
+                                   map,
+                                   src_entry,
+                                   (uint64_t)src_entry->vme_start,
+                                   (uint64_t)src_entry->vme_end,
+                                   src_entry->protection,
+                                   src_entry->max_protection,
+                                   VME_ALIAS(src_entry));
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * Not IOKit or purgeable:
+                                * must be accounted by pmap stats.
+                                */
+                               assertf(src_entry->use_pmap,
+                                   "map=%p src_entry=%p [0x%llx:0x%llx] 0x%x/0x%x %d",
+                                   map,
+                                   src_entry,
+                                   (uint64_t)src_entry->vme_start,
+                                   (uint64_t)src_entry->vme_end,
+                                   src_entry->protection,
+                                   src_entry->max_protection,
+                                   VME_ALIAS(src_entry));
+                       }
+
+                       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                               assert(!src_entry->needs_copy);
+                               object = vm_object_allocate(entry_size);
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(src_entry, 0);
+                               VME_OBJECT_SET(src_entry, object);
+                               assert(src_entry->use_pmap);
+                               assert(!map->mapped_in_other_pmaps);
+                       } else if (src_entry->wired_count ||
+                           object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
+                               /*
+                                * A wired memory region should not have
+                                * any pending copy-on-write and needs to
+                                * keep pointing at the VM object that
+                                * contains the wired pages.
+                                * If we're sharing this memory (copy=false),
+                                * we'll share this VM object.
+                                * If we're copying this memory (copy=true),
+                                * we'll call vm_object_copy_slowly() below
+                                * and use the new VM object for the remapping.
+                                *
+                                * Or, we are already using an asymmetric
+                                * copy, and therefore we already have
+                                * the right object.
+                                */
+                               assert(!src_entry->needs_copy);
+                       } else if (src_entry->needs_copy || object->shadowed ||
+                           (object->internal && !object->true_share &&
+                           !src_entry->is_shared &&
+                           object->vo_size > entry_size)) {
+                               VME_OBJECT_SHADOW(src_entry, entry_size);
+                               assert(src_entry->use_pmap);
+
+                               if (!src_entry->needs_copy &&
+                                   (src_entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
+                                       vm_prot_t prot;
+
+                                       assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(map->pmap, src_entry->translated_allow_execute, src_entry->protection));
+
+                                       prot = src_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
+                                       if (override_nx(map,
+                                           VME_ALIAS(src_entry))
+                                           && prot) {
+                                               prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                                       }
+
+                                       assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(map->pmap, src_entry->translated_allow_execute, prot));
+
+                                       if (map->mapped_in_other_pmaps) {
+                                               vm_object_pmap_protect(
+                                                       VME_OBJECT(src_entry),
+                                                       VME_OFFSET(src_entry),
+                                                       entry_size,
+                                                       PMAP_NULL,
+                                                       PAGE_SIZE,
+                                                       src_entry->vme_start,
+                                                       prot);
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+                                       } else if (__improbable(map->pmap == PMAP_NULL)) {
+                                               extern boolean_t vm_tests_in_progress;
+                                               assert(vm_tests_in_progress);
+                                               /*
+                                                * Some VM tests (in vm_tests.c)
+                                                * sometimes want to use a VM
+                                                * map without a pmap.
+                                                * Otherwise, this should never
+                                                * happen.
+                                                */
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
+                                       } else {
+                                               pmap_protect(vm_map_pmap(map),
+                                                   src_entry->vme_start,
+                                                   src_entry->vme_end,
+                                                   prot);
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               object = VME_OBJECT(src_entry);
+                               src_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
+                       }
+
+
+                       vm_object_lock(object);
+                       vm_object_reference_locked(object); /* object ref. for new entry */
+                       assert(!src_entry->needs_copy);
+                       if (object->copy_strategy ==
+                           MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
+                               /*
+                                * If we want to share this object (copy==0),
+                                * it needs to be COPY_DELAY.
+                                * If we want to copy this object (copy==1),
+                                * we can't just set "needs_copy" on our side
+                                * and expect the other side to do the same
+                                * (symmetrically), so we can't let the object
+                                * stay COPY_SYMMETRIC.
+                                * So we always switch from COPY_SYMMETRIC to
+                                * COPY_DELAY.
+                                */
+                               object->copy_strategy =
+                                   MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY;
+                               object->true_share = TRUE;
+                       }
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+               }
+
+               offset = (VME_OFFSET(src_entry) +
+                   (src_start - src_entry->vme_start));
+
+               new_entry = _vm_map_entry_create(map_header, !map_header->entries_pageable);
+               vm_map_entry_copy(map, new_entry, src_entry);
+               if (new_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       /* clr address space specifics */
+                       new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
+               } else if (copy) {
+                       /*
+                        * We're dealing with a copy-on-write operation,
+                        * so the resulting mapping should not inherit the
+                        * original mapping's accounting settings.
+                        * "use_pmap" should be reset to its default (TRUE)
+                        * so that the new mapping gets accounted for in
+                        * the task's memory footprint.
+                        */
+                       new_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+               }
+               /* "iokit_acct" was cleared in vm_map_entry_copy() */
+               assert(!new_entry->iokit_acct);
+
+               new_entry->map_aligned = FALSE;
+
+               new_entry->vme_start = map_address;
+               new_entry->vme_end = map_address + tmp_size;
+               assert(new_entry->vme_start < new_entry->vme_end);
+               if (copy && vmk_flags.vmkf_remap_prot_copy) {
+                       /*
+                        * Remapping for vm_map_protect(VM_PROT_COPY)
+                        * to convert a read-only mapping into a
+                        * copy-on-write version of itself but
+                        * with write access:
+                        * keep the original inheritance and add
+                        * VM_PROT_WRITE to the max protection.
+                        */
+                       new_entry->inheritance = src_entry->inheritance;
+                       new_entry->protection &= max_prot_for_prot_copy;
+                       new_entry->max_protection |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+               } else {
+                       new_entry->inheritance = inheritance;
+                       if (!vm_remap_legacy) {
+                               new_entry->protection = *cur_protection;
+                               new_entry->max_protection = *max_protection;
+                       }
+               }
+               VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry, offset);
+
+               /*
+                * The new region has to be copied now if required.
+                */
+RestartCopy:
+               if (!copy) {
+                       if (src_entry->used_for_jit == TRUE) {
+                               if (same_map) {
+                               } else if (!VM_MAP_POLICY_ALLOW_JIT_SHARING(map)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Cannot allow an entry describing a JIT
+                                        * region to be shared across address spaces.
+                                        */
+                                       result = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       src_entry->is_shared = TRUE;
+                       new_entry->is_shared = TRUE;
+                       if (!(new_entry->is_sub_map)) {
+                               new_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
+                       }
+               } else if (src_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       /* make this a COW sub_map if not already */
+                       assert(new_entry->wired_count == 0);
+                       new_entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
+                       object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+               } else if (src_entry->wired_count == 0 &&
+                   !(debug4k_no_cow_copyin && VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) < PAGE_SHIFT) &&
+                   vm_object_copy_quickly(VME_OBJECT_PTR(new_entry),
+                   VME_OFFSET(new_entry),
+                   (new_entry->vme_end -
+                   new_entry->vme_start),
+                   &src_needs_copy,
+                   &new_entry_needs_copy)) {
+                       new_entry->needs_copy = new_entry_needs_copy;
+                       new_entry->is_shared = FALSE;
+                       assertf(new_entry->use_pmap, "map %p new_entry %p\n", map, new_entry);
+
+                       /*
+                        * Handle copy_on_write semantics.
+                        */
+                       if (src_needs_copy && !src_entry->needs_copy) {
+                               vm_prot_t prot;
+
+                               assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(map->pmap, src_entry->translated_allow_execute, src_entry->protection));
+
+                               prot = src_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+
+                               if (override_nx(map,
+                                   VME_ALIAS(src_entry))
+                                   && prot) {
+                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               }
+
+                               assert(!pmap_has_prot_policy(map->pmap, src_entry->translated_allow_execute, prot));
+
+                               vm_object_pmap_protect(object,
+                                   offset,
+                                   entry_size,
+                                   ((src_entry->is_shared
+                                   || map->mapped_in_other_pmaps) ?
+                                   PMAP_NULL : map->pmap),
+                                   VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map),
+                                   src_entry->vme_start,
+                                   prot);
+
+                               assert(src_entry->wired_count == 0);
+                               src_entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
+                       }
+                       /*
+                        * Throw away the old object reference of the new entry.
+                        */
+                       vm_object_deallocate(object);
+               } else {
+                       new_entry->is_shared = FALSE;
+                       assertf(new_entry->use_pmap, "map %p new_entry %p\n", map, new_entry);
+
+                       src_entry_was_wired = (src_entry->wired_count > 0);
+                       saved_src_entry = src_entry;
+                       src_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+
+                       /*
+                        * The map can be safely unlocked since we
+                        * already hold a reference on the object.
+                        *
+                        * Record the timestamp of the map for later
+                        * verification, and unlock the map.
+                        */
+                       version.main_timestamp = map->timestamp;
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);     /* Increments timestamp once! */
+
+                       /*
+                        * Perform the copy.
+                        */
+                       if (src_entry_was_wired > 0 ||
+                           (debug4k_no_cow_copyin &&
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map) < PAGE_SHIFT)) {
+                               vm_object_lock(object);
+                               result = vm_object_copy_slowly(
+                                       object,
+                                       offset,
+                                       (new_entry->vme_end -
+                                       new_entry->vme_start),
+                                       THREAD_UNINT,
+                                       VME_OBJECT_PTR(new_entry));
+
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry, offset - vm_object_trunc_page(offset));
+                               new_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
+                       } else {
+                               vm_object_offset_t new_offset;
+
+                               new_offset = VME_OFFSET(new_entry);
+                               result = vm_object_copy_strategically(
+                                       object,
+                                       offset,
+                                       (new_entry->vme_end -
+                                       new_entry->vme_start),
+                                       VME_OBJECT_PTR(new_entry),
+                                       &new_offset,
+                                       &new_entry_needs_copy);
+                               if (new_offset != VME_OFFSET(new_entry)) {
+                                       VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry, new_offset);
+                               }
+
+                               new_entry->needs_copy = new_entry_needs_copy;
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        * Throw away the old object reference of the new entry.
+                        */
+                       vm_object_deallocate(object);
+
+                       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS &&
+                           result != KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
+                               _vm_map_entry_dispose(map_header, new_entry);
+                               vm_map_lock(map);
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        * Verify that the map has not substantially
+                        * changed while the copy was being made.
+                        */
+
+                       vm_map_lock(map);
+                       if (version.main_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
+                               /*
+                                * Simple version comparison failed.
+                                *
+                                * Retry the lookup and verify that the
+                                * same object/offset are still present.
+                                */
+                               saved_src_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+                               vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(new_entry));
+                               _vm_map_entry_dispose(map_header, new_entry);
+                               if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
+                                       result = KERN_SUCCESS;
+                               }
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       /* map hasn't changed: src_entry is still valid */
+                       src_entry = saved_src_entry;
+                       saved_src_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+
+                       if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
+                               vm_object_reference(object);
+                               goto RestartCopy;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               _vm_map_store_entry_link(map_header,
+                   map_header->links.prev, new_entry);
+
+               /* protections for submap mapping are irrelevant here */
+               if (vm_remap_legacy && !src_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       *cur_protection &= src_entry->protection;
+                       *max_protection &= src_entry->max_protection;
+               }
+
+               map_address += tmp_size;
+               mapped_size += tmp_size;
+               src_start += tmp_size;
+
+               if (vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_single_object) {
+                       if (mapped_size != size) {
+                               DEBUG4K_SHARE("map %p addr 0x%llx size 0x%llx clipped copy at mapped_size 0x%llx\n", map, (uint64_t)addr, (uint64_t)size, (uint64_t)mapped_size);
+                               if (src_entry->vme_next != vm_map_to_entry(map) &&
+                                   VME_OBJECT(src_entry->vme_next) == VME_OBJECT(src_entry)) {
+                                       /* XXX TODO4K */
+                                       DEBUG4K_ERROR("could have extended copy to next entry...\n");
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+       } /* end while */
+
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
+       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               /*
+                * Free all allocated elements.
+                */
+               for (src_entry = map_header->links.next;
+                   src_entry != CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(&map_header->links);
+                   src_entry = new_entry) {
+                       new_entry = src_entry->vme_next;
+                       _vm_map_store_entry_unlink(map_header, src_entry);
+                       if (src_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               vm_map_deallocate(VME_SUBMAP(src_entry));
+                       } else {
+                               vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(src_entry));
+                       }
+                       _vm_map_entry_dispose(map_header, src_entry);
+               }
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+bool
+vm_map_is_exotic(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       return VM_MAP_IS_EXOTIC(map);
+}
+
+bool
+vm_map_is_alien(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       return VM_MAP_IS_ALIEN(map);
+}
+
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+void
+vm_map_mark_alien(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       vm_map_lock(map);
+       map->is_alien = true;
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
+}
+
+void
+vm_map_single_jit(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       vm_map_lock(map);
+       map->single_jit = true;
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
+}
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+
+void vm_map_copy_to_physcopy(vm_map_copy_t copy_map, vm_map_t target_map);
+void
+vm_map_copy_to_physcopy(
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy_map,
+       vm_map_t        target_map)
+{
+       vm_map_size_t           size;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t          new_entry;
+       vm_object_t             new_object;
+       unsigned int            pmap_flags;
+       pmap_t                  new_pmap;
+       vm_map_t                new_map;
+       vm_map_address_t        src_start, src_end, src_cur;
+       vm_map_address_t        dst_start, dst_end, dst_cur;
+       kern_return_t           kr;
+       void                    *kbuf;
+
+       /*
+        * Perform the equivalent of vm_allocate() and memcpy().
+        * Replace the mappings in "copy_map" with the newly allocated mapping.
+        */
+       DEBUG4K_COPY("copy_map %p (%d %d 0x%llx 0x%llx) BEFORE\n", copy_map, copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift, copy_map->cpy_hdr.nentries, copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)copy_map->size);
+
+       assert(copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift != VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
+
+       /* allocate new VM object */
+       size = VM_MAP_ROUND_PAGE(copy_map->size, PAGE_MASK);
+       new_object = vm_object_allocate(size);
+       assert(new_object);
+
+       /* allocate new VM map entry */
+       new_entry = vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy_map, FALSE);
+       assert(new_entry);
+
+       /* finish initializing new VM map entry */
+       new_entry->protection = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;
+       new_entry->max_protection = VM_PROT_DEFAULT;
+       new_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+
+       /* make new VM map entry point to new VM object */
+       new_entry->vme_start = 0;
+       new_entry->vme_end = size;
+       VME_OBJECT_SET(new_entry, new_object);
+       VME_OFFSET_SET(new_entry, 0);
+
+       /* create a new pmap to map "copy_map" */
+       pmap_flags = 0;
+       assert(copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift == FOURK_PAGE_SHIFT);
+#if PMAP_CREATE_FORCE_4K_PAGES
+       pmap_flags |= PMAP_CREATE_FORCE_4K_PAGES;
+#endif /* PMAP_CREATE_FORCE_4K_PAGES */
+       pmap_flags |= PMAP_CREATE_64BIT;
+       new_pmap = pmap_create_options(NULL, (vm_map_size_t)0, pmap_flags);
+       assert(new_pmap);
+
+       /* create a new pageable VM map to map "copy_map" */
+       new_map = vm_map_create(new_pmap, 0, MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS, TRUE);
+       assert(new_map);
+       vm_map_set_page_shift(new_map, copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift);
+
+       /* map "copy_map" in the new VM map */
+       src_start = 0;
+       kr = vm_map_copyout_internal(
+               new_map,
+               &src_start,
+               copy_map,
+               copy_map->size,
+               FALSE, /* consume_on_success */
+               VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
+               VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
+               VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
+       assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+       src_end = src_start + copy_map->size;
+
+       /* map "new_object" in the new VM map */
+       vm_object_reference(new_object);
+       dst_start = 0;
+       kr = vm_map_enter(new_map,
+           &dst_start,
+           size,
+           0,               /* mask */
+           VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE,
+           VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
+           VM_KERN_MEMORY_OSFMK,
+           new_object,
+           0,               /* offset */
+           FALSE,               /* needs copy */
+           VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
+           VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
+           VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);
+       assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
+       dst_end = dst_start + size;
+
+       /* get a kernel buffer */
+       kbuf = kheap_alloc(KHEAP_TEMP, PAGE_SIZE, Z_WAITOK);
+       assert(kbuf);
+
+       /* physically copy "copy_map" mappings to new VM object */
+       for (src_cur = src_start, dst_cur = dst_start;
+           src_cur < src_end;
+           src_cur += PAGE_SIZE, dst_cur += PAGE_SIZE) {
+               vm_size_t bytes;
+
+               bytes = PAGE_SIZE;
+               if (src_cur + PAGE_SIZE > src_end) {
+                       /* partial copy for last page */
+                       bytes = src_end - src_cur;
+                       assert(bytes > 0 && bytes < PAGE_SIZE);
+                       /* rest of dst page should be zero-filled */
+               }
+               /* get bytes from src mapping */
+               kr = copyinmap(new_map, src_cur, kbuf, bytes);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       DEBUG4K_COPY("copyinmap(%p, 0x%llx, %p, 0x%llx) kr 0x%x\n", new_map, (uint64_t)src_cur, kbuf, (uint64_t)bytes, kr);
+               }
+               /* put bytes in dst mapping */
+               assert(dst_cur < dst_end);
+               assert(dst_cur + bytes <= dst_end);
+               kr = copyoutmap(new_map, kbuf, dst_cur, bytes);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       DEBUG4K_COPY("copyoutmap(%p, %p, 0x%llx, 0x%llx) kr 0x%x\n", new_map, kbuf, (uint64_t)dst_cur, (uint64_t)bytes, kr);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* free kernel buffer */
+       kheap_free(KHEAP_TEMP, kbuf, PAGE_SIZE);
+       kbuf = NULL;
+
+       /* destroy new map */
+       vm_map_destroy(new_map, VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_FLAGS);
+       new_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+
+       /* dispose of the old map entries in "copy_map" */
+       while (vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map) !=
+           vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy_map)) {
+               entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map);
+               vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy_map, entry);
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_deallocate(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+               } else {
+                       vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(entry));
+               }
+               vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy_map, entry);
+       }
+
+       /* change "copy_map"'s page_size to match "target_map" */
+       copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift = VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map);
+       copy_map->offset = 0;
+       copy_map->size = size;
+
+       /* insert new map entry in "copy_map" */
+       assert(vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy_map) == vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy_map));
+       vm_map_copy_entry_link(copy_map, vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy_map), new_entry);
+
+       DEBUG4K_COPY("copy_map %p (%d %d 0x%llx 0x%llx) AFTER\n", copy_map, copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift, copy_map->cpy_hdr.nentries, copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)copy_map->size);
+}
+
+void
+vm_map_copy_adjust_get_target_copy_map(
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy_map,
+       vm_map_copy_t   *target_copy_map_p);
+void
+vm_map_copy_adjust_get_target_copy_map(
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy_map,
+       vm_map_copy_t   *target_copy_map_p)
+{
+       vm_map_copy_t   target_copy_map;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry, target_entry;
+
+       if (*target_copy_map_p != VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
+               /* the caller already has a "target_copy_map": use it */
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* the caller wants us to create a new copy of "copy_map" */
+       target_copy_map = vm_map_copy_allocate();
+       target_copy_map->type = copy_map->type;
+       assert(target_copy_map->type == VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST);
+       target_copy_map->offset = copy_map->offset;
+       target_copy_map->size = copy_map->size;
+       target_copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift = copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift;
+       vm_map_store_init(&target_copy_map->cpy_hdr);
+       for (entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map);
+           entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy_map);
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               target_entry = vm_map_copy_entry_create(target_copy_map, FALSE);
+               vm_map_entry_copy_full(target_entry, entry);
+               if (target_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_reference(VME_SUBMAP(target_entry));
+               } else {
+                       vm_object_reference(VME_OBJECT(target_entry));
+               }
+               vm_map_copy_entry_link(
+                       target_copy_map,
+                       vm_map_copy_last_entry(target_copy_map),
+                       target_entry);
+       }
+       entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+       *target_copy_map_p = target_copy_map;
+}
+
+void
+vm_map_copy_trim(
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy_map,
+       int             new_page_shift,
+       vm_map_offset_t trim_start,
+       vm_map_offset_t trim_end);
+void
+vm_map_copy_trim(
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy_map,
+       int             new_page_shift,
+       vm_map_offset_t trim_start,
+       vm_map_offset_t trim_end)
+{
+       int             copy_page_shift;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry, next_entry;
+
+       assert(copy_map->type == VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST);
+       assert(copy_map->cpy_hdr.nentries > 0);
+
+       trim_start += vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map)->vme_start;
+       trim_end += vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map)->vme_start;
+
+       /* use the new page_shift to do the clipping */
+       copy_page_shift = VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(copy_map);
+       copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift = new_page_shift;
+
+       for (entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map);
+           entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy_map);
+           entry = next_entry) {
+               next_entry = entry->vme_next;
+               if (entry->vme_end <= trim_start) {
+                       /* entry fully before trim range: skip */
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (entry->vme_start >= trim_end) {
+                       /* entry fully after trim range: done */
+                       break;
+               }
+               /* clip entry if needed */
+               vm_map_copy_clip_start(copy_map, entry, trim_start);
+               vm_map_copy_clip_end(copy_map, entry, trim_end);
+               /* dispose of entry */
+               copy_map->size -= entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start;
+               vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy_map, entry);
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_deallocate(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+               } else {
+                       vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(entry));
+               }
+               vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy_map, entry);
+               entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* restore copy_map's original page_shift */
+       copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift = copy_page_shift;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make any necessary adjustments to "copy_map" to allow it to be
+ * mapped into "target_map".
+ * If no changes were necessary, "target_copy_map" points to the
+ * untouched "copy_map".
+ * If changes are necessary, changes will be made to "target_copy_map".
+ * If "target_copy_map" was NULL, we create a new "vm_map_copy_t" and
+ * copy the original "copy_map" to it before applying the changes.
+ * The caller should discard "target_copy_map" if it's not the same as
+ * the original "copy_map".
+ */
+/* TODO4K: also adjust to sub-range in the copy_map -> add start&end? */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_copy_adjust_to_target(
+       vm_map_copy_t           src_copy_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         offset,
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       vm_map_t                target_map,
+       boolean_t               copy,
+       vm_map_copy_t           *target_copy_map_p,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *overmap_start_p,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *overmap_end_p,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *trimmed_start_p)
+{
+       vm_map_copy_t           copy_map, target_copy_map;
+       vm_map_size_t           target_size;
+       vm_map_size_t           src_copy_map_size;
+       vm_map_size_t           overmap_start, overmap_end;
+       int                     misalignments;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry, target_entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t         addr_adjustment;
+       vm_map_offset_t         new_start, new_end;
+       int                     copy_page_mask, target_page_mask;
+       int                     copy_page_shift, target_page_shift;
+       vm_map_offset_t         trimmed_end;
+
+       /*
+        * Assert that the vm_map_copy is coming from the right
+        * zone and hasn't been forged
+        */
+       vm_map_copy_require(src_copy_map);
+       assert(src_copy_map->type == VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST);
+
+       /*
+        * Start working with "src_copy_map" but we'll switch
+        * to "target_copy_map" as soon as we start making adjustments.
+        */
+       copy_map = src_copy_map;
+       src_copy_map_size = src_copy_map->size;
+
+       copy_page_shift = VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(copy_map);
+       copy_page_mask = VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(copy_map);
+       target_page_shift = VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map);
+       target_page_mask = VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map);
+
+       DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy_map %p (%d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx) target_map %p (%d) copy %d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx target_copy_map %p...\n", copy_map, copy_page_shift, (uint64_t)copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)copy_map->size, target_map, target_page_shift, copy, (uint64_t)offset, (uint64_t)size, *target_copy_map_p);
+
+       target_copy_map = *target_copy_map_p;
+       if (target_copy_map != VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
+               vm_map_copy_require(target_copy_map);
+       }
+
+       if (offset + size > copy_map->size) {
+               DEBUG4K_ERROR("copy_map %p (%d->%d) copy_map->size 0x%llx offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT\n", copy_map, copy_page_shift, target_page_shift, (uint64_t)copy_map->size, (uint64_t)offset, (uint64_t)size);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
+
+       /* trim the end */
+       trimmed_end = 0;
+       new_end = VM_MAP_ROUND_PAGE(offset + size, target_page_mask);
+       if (new_end < copy_map->size) {
+               trimmed_end = src_copy_map_size - new_end;
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy_map %p (%d->%d) copy %d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx target_copy_map %p... trim end from 0x%llx to 0x%llx\n", copy_map, copy_page_shift, target_page_shift, copy, (uint64_t)offset, (uint64_t)size, target_copy_map, (uint64_t)new_end, (uint64_t)copy_map->size);
+               /* get "target_copy_map" if needed and adjust it */
+               vm_map_copy_adjust_get_target_copy_map(copy_map,
+                   &target_copy_map);
+               copy_map = target_copy_map;
+               vm_map_copy_trim(target_copy_map, target_page_shift,
+                   new_end, copy_map->size);
+       }
+
+       /* trim the start */
+       new_start = VM_MAP_TRUNC_PAGE(offset, target_page_mask);
+       if (new_start != 0) {
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy_map %p (%d->%d) copy %d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx target_copy_map %p... trim start from 0x%llx to 0x%llx\n", copy_map, copy_page_shift, target_page_shift, copy, (uint64_t)offset, (uint64_t)size, target_copy_map, (uint64_t)0, (uint64_t)new_start);
+               /* get "target_copy_map" if needed and adjust it */
+               vm_map_copy_adjust_get_target_copy_map(copy_map,
+                   &target_copy_map);
+               copy_map = target_copy_map;
+               vm_map_copy_trim(target_copy_map, target_page_shift,
+                   0, new_start);
+       }
+       *trimmed_start_p = new_start;
+
+       /* target_size starts with what's left after trimming */
+       target_size = copy_map->size;
+       assertf(target_size == src_copy_map_size - *trimmed_start_p - trimmed_end,
+           "target_size 0x%llx src_copy_map_size 0x%llx trimmed_start 0x%llx trimmed_end 0x%llx\n",
+           (uint64_t)target_size, (uint64_t)src_copy_map_size,
+           (uint64_t)*trimmed_start_p, (uint64_t)trimmed_end);
+
+       /* check for misalignments but don't adjust yet */
+       misalignments = 0;
+       overmap_start = 0;
+       overmap_end = 0;
+       if (copy_page_shift < target_page_shift) {
+               /*
+                * Remapping from 4K to 16K: check the VM object alignments
+                * throughout the range.
+                * If the start and end of the range are mis-aligned, we can
+                * over-map to re-align, and adjust the "overmap" start/end
+                * and "target_size" of the range accordingly.
+                * If there is any mis-alignment within the range:
+                *     if "copy":
+                *         we can do immediate-copy instead of copy-on-write,
+                *     else:
+                *         no way to remap and share; fail.
+                */
+               for (entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map);
+                   entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy_map);
+                   entry = entry->vme_next) {
+                       vm_object_offset_t object_offset_start, object_offset_end;
+
+                       object_offset_start = VME_OFFSET(entry);
+                       object_offset_end = object_offset_start;
+                       object_offset_end += entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start;
+                       if (object_offset_start & target_page_mask) {
+                               if (entry == vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map) && !copy) {
+                                       overmap_start++;
+                               } else {
+                                       misalignments++;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (object_offset_end & target_page_mask) {
+                               if (entry->vme_next == vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy_map) && !copy) {
+                                       overmap_end++;
+                               } else {
+                                       misalignments++;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+
+       /* decide how to deal with misalignments */
+       assert(overmap_start <= 1);
+       assert(overmap_end <= 1);
+       if (!overmap_start && !overmap_end && !misalignments) {
+               /* copy_map is properly aligned for target_map ... */
+               if (*trimmed_start_p) {
+                       /* ... but we trimmed it, so still need to adjust */
+               } else {
+                       /* ... and we didn't trim anything: we're done */
+                       if (target_copy_map == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL) {
+                               target_copy_map = copy_map;
+                       }
+                       *target_copy_map_p = target_copy_map;
+                       *overmap_start_p = 0;
+                       *overmap_end_p = 0;
+                       DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy_map %p (%d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx) target_map %p (%d) copy %d target_copy_map %p (%d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx) -> trimmed 0x%llx overmap start 0x%llx end 0x%llx KERN_SUCCESS\n", copy_map, copy_page_shift, (uint64_t)copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)copy_map->size, target_map, target_page_shift, copy, *target_copy_map_p, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(*target_copy_map_p), (uint64_t)(*target_copy_map_p)->offset, (uint64_t)(*target_copy_map_p)->size, (uint64_t)*trimmed_start_p, (uint64_t)*overmap_start_p, (uint64_t)*overmap_end_p);
+                       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+               }
+       } else if (misalignments && !copy) {
+               /* can't "share" if misaligned */
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("unsupported sharing\n");
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+               if (debug4k_panic_on_misaligned_sharing) {
+                       panic("DEBUG4k %s:%d unsupported sharing\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+               }
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy_map %p (%d) target_map %p (%d) copy %d target_copy_map %p -> KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED\n", copy_map, copy_page_shift, target_map, target_page_shift, copy, *target_copy_map_p);
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       } else {
+               /* can't virtual-copy if misaligned (but can physical-copy) */
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("mis-aligned copying\n");
+       }
+
+       /* get a "target_copy_map" if needed and switch to it */
+       vm_map_copy_adjust_get_target_copy_map(copy_map, &target_copy_map);
+       copy_map = target_copy_map;
+
+       if (misalignments && copy) {
+               vm_map_size_t target_copy_map_size;
+
+               /*
+                * Can't do copy-on-write with misaligned mappings.
+                * Replace the mappings with a physical copy of the original
+                * mappings' contents.
+                */
+               target_copy_map_size = target_copy_map->size;
+               vm_map_copy_to_physcopy(target_copy_map, target_map);
+               *target_copy_map_p = target_copy_map;
+               *overmap_start_p = 0;
+               *overmap_end_p = target_copy_map->size - target_copy_map_size;
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy_map %p (%d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx) target_map %p (%d) copy %d target_copy_map %p (%d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx)-> trimmed 0x%llx overmap start 0x%llx end 0x%llx PHYSCOPY\n", copy_map, copy_page_shift, (uint64_t)copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)copy_map->size, target_map, target_page_shift, copy, *target_copy_map_p, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(*target_copy_map_p), (uint64_t)(*target_copy_map_p)->offset, (uint64_t)(*target_copy_map_p)->size, (uint64_t)*trimmed_start_p, (uint64_t)*overmap_start_p, (uint64_t)*overmap_end_p);
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+
+       /* apply the adjustments */
+       misalignments = 0;
+       overmap_start = 0;
+       overmap_end = 0;
+       /* remove copy_map->offset, so that everything starts at offset 0 */
+       addr_adjustment = copy_map->offset;
+       /* also remove whatever we trimmed from the start */
+       addr_adjustment += *trimmed_start_p;
+       for (target_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(target_copy_map);
+           target_entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(target_copy_map);
+           target_entry = target_entry->vme_next) {
+               vm_object_offset_t object_offset_start, object_offset_end;
+
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy %p (%d 0x%llx 0x%llx) entry %p [ 0x%llx 0x%llx ] object %p offset 0x%llx BEFORE\n", target_copy_map, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(target_copy_map), target_copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)target_copy_map->size, target_entry, (uint64_t)target_entry->vme_start, (uint64_t)target_entry->vme_end, VME_OBJECT(target_entry), VME_OFFSET(target_entry));
+               object_offset_start = VME_OFFSET(target_entry);
+               if (object_offset_start & target_page_mask) {
+                       DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy %p (%d 0x%llx 0x%llx) entry %p [ 0x%llx 0x%llx ] object %p offset 0x%llx misaligned at start\n", target_copy_map, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(target_copy_map), target_copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)target_copy_map->size, target_entry, (uint64_t)target_entry->vme_start, (uint64_t)target_entry->vme_end, VME_OBJECT(target_entry), VME_OFFSET(target_entry));
+                       if (target_entry == vm_map_copy_first_entry(target_copy_map)) {
+                               /*
+                                * start of 1st entry is mis-aligned:
+                                * re-adjust by over-mapping.
+                                */
+                               overmap_start = object_offset_start - trunc_page_mask_64(object_offset_start, target_page_mask);
+                               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("entry %p offset 0x%llx copy %d -> overmap_start 0x%llx\n", target_entry, VME_OFFSET(target_entry), copy, (uint64_t)overmap_start);
+                               VME_OFFSET_SET(target_entry, VME_OFFSET(target_entry) - overmap_start);
+                       } else {
+                               misalignments++;
+                               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("entry %p offset 0x%llx copy %d -> misalignments %d\n", target_entry, VME_OFFSET(target_entry), copy, misalignments);
+                               assert(copy);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (target_entry == vm_map_copy_first_entry(target_copy_map)) {
+                       target_size += overmap_start;
+               } else {
+                       target_entry->vme_start += overmap_start;
+               }
+               target_entry->vme_end += overmap_start;
+
+               object_offset_end = VME_OFFSET(target_entry) + target_entry->vme_end - target_entry->vme_start;
+               if (object_offset_end & target_page_mask) {
+                       DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy %p (%d 0x%llx 0x%llx) entry %p [ 0x%llx 0x%llx ] object %p offset 0x%llx misaligned at end\n", target_copy_map, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(target_copy_map), target_copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)target_copy_map->size, target_entry, (uint64_t)target_entry->vme_start, (uint64_t)target_entry->vme_end, VME_OBJECT(target_entry), VME_OFFSET(target_entry));
+                       if (target_entry->vme_next == vm_map_copy_to_entry(target_copy_map)) {
+                               /*
+                                * end of last entry is mis-aligned: re-adjust by over-mapping.
+                                */
+                               overmap_end = round_page_mask_64(object_offset_end, target_page_mask) - object_offset_end;
+                               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("entry %p offset 0x%llx copy %d -> overmap_end 0x%llx\n", target_entry, VME_OFFSET(target_entry), copy, (uint64_t)overmap_end);
+                               target_entry->vme_end += overmap_end;
+                               target_size += overmap_end;
+                       } else {
+                               misalignments++;
+                               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("entry %p offset 0x%llx copy %d -> misalignments %d\n", target_entry, VME_OFFSET(target_entry), copy, misalignments);
+                               assert(copy);
+                       }
+               }
+               target_entry->vme_start -= addr_adjustment;
+               target_entry->vme_end -= addr_adjustment;
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy %p (%d 0x%llx 0x%llx) entry %p [ 0x%llx 0x%llx ] object %p offset 0x%llx AFTER\n", target_copy_map, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(target_copy_map), target_copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)target_copy_map->size, target_entry, (uint64_t)target_entry->vme_start, (uint64_t)target_entry->vme_end, VME_OBJECT(target_entry), VME_OFFSET(target_entry));
+       }
+
+       target_copy_map->size = target_size;
+       target_copy_map->offset += overmap_start;
+       target_copy_map->offset -= addr_adjustment;
+       target_copy_map->cpy_hdr.page_shift = target_page_shift;
+
+//     assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(target_copy_map->size, target_page_mask));
+//     assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(target_copy_map->offset, FOURK_PAGE_MASK));
+       assert(overmap_start < VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(target_map));
+       assert(overmap_end < VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(target_map));
+
+       *target_copy_map_p = target_copy_map;
+       *overmap_start_p = overmap_start;
+       *overmap_end_p = overmap_end;
+
+       DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy_map %p (%d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx) target_map %p (%d) copy %d target_copy_map %p (%d offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx) -> trimmed 0x%llx overmap start 0x%llx end 0x%llx KERN_SUCCESS\n", copy_map, copy_page_shift, (uint64_t)copy_map->offset, (uint64_t)copy_map->size, target_map, target_page_shift, copy, *target_copy_map_p, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(*target_copy_map_p), (uint64_t)(*target_copy_map_p)->offset, (uint64_t)(*target_copy_map_p)->size, (uint64_t)*trimmed_start_p, (uint64_t)*overmap_start_p, (uint64_t)*overmap_end_p);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_range_physical_size(
+       vm_map_t         map,
+       vm_map_address_t start,
+       mach_vm_size_t   size,
+       mach_vm_size_t * phys_size)
+{
+       kern_return_t   kr;
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy_map, target_copy_map;
+       vm_map_offset_t adjusted_start, adjusted_end;
+       vm_map_size_t   adjusted_size;
+       vm_prot_t       cur_prot, max_prot;
+       vm_map_offset_t overmap_start, overmap_end, trimmed_start;
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t vmk_flags;
+
+       adjusted_start = vm_map_trunc_page(start, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+       adjusted_end = vm_map_round_page(start + size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+       adjusted_size = adjusted_end - adjusted_start;
+       *phys_size = adjusted_size;
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map) == PAGE_SIZE) {
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+       if (start == 0) {
+               adjusted_start = vm_map_trunc_page(start, PAGE_MASK);
+               adjusted_end = vm_map_round_page(start + size, PAGE_MASK);
+               adjusted_size = adjusted_end - adjusted_start;
+               *phys_size = adjusted_size;
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+       if (adjusted_size == 0) {
+               DEBUG4K_SHARE("map %p start 0x%llx size 0x%llx adjusted 0x%llx -> phys_size 0!\n", map, (uint64_t)start, (uint64_t)size, (uint64_t)adjusted_size);
+               *phys_size = 0;
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
+
+       vmk_flags = VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE;
+       vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_pageable = TRUE;
+       vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_same_map = TRUE;
+       assert(adjusted_size != 0);
+       cur_prot = VM_PROT_NONE; /* legacy mode */
+       max_prot = VM_PROT_NONE; /* legacy mode */
+       kr = vm_map_copy_extract(map, adjusted_start, adjusted_size,
+           FALSE /* copy */,
+           &copy_map,
+           &cur_prot, &max_prot, VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT,
+           vmk_flags);
+       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               DEBUG4K_ERROR("map %p start 0x%llx 0x%llx size 0x%llx 0x%llx kr 0x%x\n", map, (uint64_t)start, (uint64_t)adjusted_start, size, (uint64_t)adjusted_size, kr);
+               //assert(0);
+               *phys_size = 0;
+               return kr;
+       }
+       assert(copy_map != VM_MAP_COPY_NULL);
+       target_copy_map = copy_map;
+       DEBUG4K_ADJUST("adjusting...\n");
+       kr = vm_map_copy_adjust_to_target(
+               copy_map,
+               start - adjusted_start, /* offset */
+               size, /* size */
+               kernel_map,
+               FALSE,                          /* copy */
+               &target_copy_map,
+               &overmap_start,
+               &overmap_end,
+               &trimmed_start);
+       if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               if (target_copy_map->size != *phys_size) {
+                       DEBUG4K_ADJUST("map %p (%d) start 0x%llx size 0x%llx adjusted_start 0x%llx adjusted_end 0x%llx overmap_start 0x%llx overmap_end 0x%llx trimmed_start 0x%llx phys_size 0x%llx -> 0x%llx\n", map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map), (uint64_t)start, (uint64_t)size, (uint64_t)adjusted_start, (uint64_t)adjusted_end, (uint64_t)overmap_start, (uint64_t)overmap_end, (uint64_t)trimmed_start, (uint64_t)*phys_size, (uint64_t)target_copy_map->size);
+               }
+               *phys_size = target_copy_map->size;
+       } else {
+               DEBUG4K_ERROR("map %p start 0x%llx 0x%llx size 0x%llx 0x%llx kr 0x%x\n", map, (uint64_t)start, (uint64_t)adjusted_start, size, (uint64_t)adjusted_size, kr);
+               //assert(0);
+               *phys_size = 0;
+       }
+       vm_map_copy_discard(copy_map);
+       copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+
+       return kr;
+}
+
+
+kern_return_t
+memory_entry_check_for_adjustment(
+       vm_map_t                        src_map,
+       ipc_port_t                      port,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *overmap_start,
+       vm_map_offset_t         *overmap_end)
+{
+       kern_return_t kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       vm_map_copy_t copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL, target_copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+
+       assert(port);
+       assertf(ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY, "Port Type expected: %d...received:%d\n", IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY, ip_kotype(port));
+
+       vm_named_entry_t        named_entry;
+
+       named_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ipc_kobject_get(port);
+       named_entry_lock(named_entry);
+       copy_map = named_entry->backing.copy;
+       target_copy_map = copy_map;
+
+       if (src_map && VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(src_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               vm_map_offset_t trimmed_start;
+
+               trimmed_start = 0;
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("adjusting...\n");
+               kr = vm_map_copy_adjust_to_target(
+                       copy_map,
+                       0, /* offset */
+                       copy_map->size, /* size */
+                       src_map,
+                       FALSE, /* copy */
+                       &target_copy_map,
+                       overmap_start,
+                       overmap_end,
+                       &trimmed_start);
+               assert(trimmed_start == 0);
+       }
+       named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
+
+       return kr;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *     Routine:        vm_remap
+ *
+ *                     Map portion of a task's address space.
+ *                     Mapped region must not overlap more than
+ *                     one vm memory object. Protections and
+ *                     inheritance attributes remain the same
+ *                     as in the original task and are out parameters.
+ *                     Source and Target task can be identical
+ *                     Other attributes are identical as for vm_map()
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_remap(
+       vm_map_t                target_map,
+       vm_map_address_t        *address,
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       vm_tag_t                tag,
+       vm_map_t                src_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         memory_address,
+       boolean_t               copy,
+       vm_prot_t               *cur_protection, /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_prot_t               *max_protection, /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
+{
+       kern_return_t           result;
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t          insp_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+       vm_map_entry_t          new_entry;
+       vm_map_copy_t           copy_map;
+       vm_map_offset_t         offset_in_mapping;
+       vm_map_size_t           target_size = 0;
+       vm_map_size_t           src_page_mask, target_page_mask;
+       vm_map_offset_t         overmap_start, overmap_end, trimmed_start;
+       vm_map_offset_t         initial_memory_address;
+       vm_map_size_t           initial_size;
+
+       if (target_map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
+
+       initial_memory_address = memory_address;
+       initial_size = size;
+       src_page_mask = VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(src_map);
+       target_page_mask = VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map);
+
+       switch (inheritance) {
+       case VM_INHERIT_NONE:
+       case VM_INHERIT_COPY:
+       case VM_INHERIT_SHARE:
+               if (size != 0 && src_map != VM_MAP_NULL) {
+                       break;
+               }
+               OS_FALLTHROUGH;
+       default:
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
+
+       if (src_page_mask != target_page_mask) {
+               if (copy) {
+                       DEBUG4K_COPY("src_map %p pgsz 0x%x addr 0x%llx size 0x%llx copy %d -> target_map %p pgsz 0x%x\n", src_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(src_map), (uint64_t)memory_address, (uint64_t)size, copy, target_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(target_map));
+               } else {
+                       DEBUG4K_SHARE("src_map %p pgsz 0x%x addr 0x%llx size 0x%llx copy %d -> target_map %p pgsz 0x%x\n", src_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(src_map), (uint64_t)memory_address, (uint64_t)size, copy, target_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(target_map));
+               }
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * If the user is requesting that we return the address of the
+        * first byte of the data (rather than the base of the page),
+        * then we use different rounding semantics: specifically,
+        * we assume that (memory_address, size) describes a region
+        * all of whose pages we must cover, rather than a base to be truncated
+        * down and a size to be added to that base.  So we figure out
+        * the highest page that the requested region includes and make
+        * sure that the size will cover it.
+        *
+        * The key example we're worried about it is of the form:
+        *
+        *              memory_address = 0x1ff0, size = 0x20
+        *
+        * With the old semantics, we round down the memory_address to 0x1000
+        * and round up the size to 0x1000, resulting in our covering *only*
+        * page 0x1000.  With the new semantics, we'd realize that the region covers
+        * 0x1ff0-0x2010, and compute a size of 0x2000.  Thus, we cover both page
+        * 0x1000 and page 0x2000 in the region we remap.
+        */
+       if ((flags & VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR) != 0) {
+               vm_map_offset_t range_start, range_end;
+
+               range_start = vm_map_trunc_page(memory_address, src_page_mask);
+               range_end = vm_map_round_page(memory_address + size, src_page_mask);
+               memory_address = range_start;
+               size = range_end - range_start;
+               offset_in_mapping = initial_memory_address - memory_address;
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * IMPORTANT:
+                * This legacy code path is broken: for the range mentioned
+                * above [ memory_address = 0x1ff0,size = 0x20 ], which spans
+                * two 4k pages, it yields [ memory_address = 0x1000,
+                * size = 0x1000 ], which covers only the first 4k page.
+                * BUT some code unfortunately depends on this bug, so we
+                * can't fix it without breaking something.
+                * New code should get automatically opted in the new
+                * behavior with the new VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR flags.
+                */
+               offset_in_mapping = 0;
+               memory_address = vm_map_trunc_page(memory_address, src_page_mask);
+               size = vm_map_round_page(size, src_page_mask);
+               initial_memory_address = memory_address;
+               initial_size = size;
+       }
+
+
+       if (size == 0) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
+
+       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_RESILIENT_MEDIA) {
+               /* must be copy-on-write to be "media resilient" */
+               if (!copy) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
+       }
+
+       vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_pageable = target_map->hdr.entries_pageable;
+       vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_same_map = (src_map == target_map);
+
+       assert(size != 0);
+       result = vm_map_copy_extract(src_map,
+           memory_address,
+           size,
+           copy, &copy_map,
+           cur_protection, /* IN/OUT */
+           max_protection, /* IN/OUT */
+           inheritance,
+           vmk_flags);
+       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               return result;
+       }
+       assert(copy_map != VM_MAP_COPY_NULL);
+
+       overmap_start = 0;
+       overmap_end = 0;
+       trimmed_start = 0;
+       target_size = size;
+       if (src_page_mask != target_page_mask) {
+               vm_map_copy_t target_copy_map;
+
+               target_copy_map = copy_map; /* can modify "copy_map" itself */
+               DEBUG4K_ADJUST("adjusting...\n");
+               result = vm_map_copy_adjust_to_target(
+                       copy_map,
+                       offset_in_mapping, /* offset */
+                       initial_size,
+                       target_map,
+                       copy,
+                       &target_copy_map,
+                       &overmap_start,
+                       &overmap_end,
+                       &trimmed_start);
+               if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       DEBUG4K_COPY("failed to adjust 0x%x\n", result);
+                       vm_map_copy_discard(copy_map);
+                       return result;
+               }
+               if (trimmed_start == 0) {
+                       /* nothing trimmed: no adjustment needed */
+               } else if (trimmed_start >= offset_in_mapping) {
+                       /* trimmed more than offset_in_mapping: nothing left */
+                       assert(overmap_start == 0);
+                       assert(overmap_end == 0);
+                       offset_in_mapping = 0;
+               } else {
+                       /* trimmed some of offset_in_mapping: adjust */
+                       assert(overmap_start == 0);
+                       assert(overmap_end == 0);
+                       offset_in_mapping -= trimmed_start;
+               }
+               offset_in_mapping += overmap_start;
+               target_size = target_copy_map->size;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Allocate/check a range of free virtual address
+        * space for the target
+        */
+       *address = vm_map_trunc_page(*address, target_page_mask);
+       vm_map_lock(target_map);
+       target_size = vm_map_round_page(target_size, target_page_mask);
+       result = vm_map_remap_range_allocate(target_map, address,
+           target_size,
+           mask, flags, vmk_flags, tag,
+           &insp_entry);
+
+       for (entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy_map);
+           entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy_map);
+           entry = new_entry) {
+               new_entry = entry->vme_next;
+               vm_map_copy_entry_unlink(copy_map, entry);
+               if (result == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_RESILIENT_CODESIGN) {
+                               /* no codesigning -> read-only access */
+                               entry->max_protection = VM_PROT_READ;
+                               entry->protection = VM_PROT_READ;
+                               entry->vme_resilient_codesign = TRUE;
+                       }
+                       entry->vme_start += *address;
+                       entry->vme_end += *address;
+                       assert(!entry->map_aligned);
+                       if ((flags & VM_FLAGS_RESILIENT_MEDIA) &&
+                           !entry->is_sub_map &&
+                           (VME_OBJECT(entry) == VM_OBJECT_NULL ||
+                           VME_OBJECT(entry)->internal)) {
+                               entry->vme_resilient_media = TRUE;
+                       }
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(entry->vme_start, MIN(target_page_mask, PAGE_MASK)));
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(entry->vme_end, MIN(target_page_mask, PAGE_MASK)));
+                       assert(VM_MAP_PAGE_ALIGNED(VME_OFFSET(entry), MIN(target_page_mask, PAGE_MASK)));
+                       vm_map_store_entry_link(target_map, insp_entry, entry,
+                           vmk_flags);
+                       insp_entry = entry;
+               } else {
+                       if (!entry->is_sub_map) {
+                               vm_object_deallocate(VME_OBJECT(entry));
+                       } else {
+                               vm_map_deallocate(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
+                       }
+                       vm_map_copy_entry_dispose(copy_map, entry);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_RESILIENT_CODESIGN) {
+               *cur_protection = VM_PROT_READ;
+               *max_protection = VM_PROT_READ;
+       }
+
+       if (target_map->disable_vmentry_reuse == TRUE) {
+               assert(!target_map->is_nested_map);
+               if (target_map->highest_entry_end < insp_entry->vme_end) {
+                       target_map->highest_entry_end = insp_entry->vme_end;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (result == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               target_map->size += target_size;
+               SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(target_map, insp_entry);
+
+       }
+       vm_map_unlock(target_map);
+
+       if (result == KERN_SUCCESS && target_map->wiring_required) {
+               result = vm_map_wire_kernel(target_map, *address,
+                   *address + size, *cur_protection, VM_KERN_MEMORY_MLOCK,
+                   TRUE);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * If requested, return the address of the data pointed to by the
+        * request, rather than the base of the resulting page.
+        */
+       if ((flags & VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR) != 0) {
+               *address += offset_in_mapping;
+       }
+
+       if (src_page_mask != target_page_mask) {
+               DEBUG4K_SHARE("vm_remap(%p 0x%llx 0x%llx copy=%d-> %p 0x%llx 0x%llx  result=0x%x\n", src_map, (uint64_t)memory_address, (uint64_t)size, copy, target_map, (uint64_t)*address, (uint64_t)offset_in_mapping, result);
+       }
+       vm_map_copy_discard(copy_map);
+       copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *     Routine:        vm_map_remap_range_allocate
+ *
+ *     Description:
+ *             Allocate a range in the specified virtual address map.
+ *             returns the address and the map entry just before the allocated
+ *             range
+ *
+ *     Map must be locked.
+ */
+
+static kern_return_t
+vm_map_remap_range_allocate(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_address_t        *address,       /* IN/OUT */
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
+       int                     flags,
+       vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
+       __unused vm_tag_t       tag,
+       vm_map_entry_t          *map_entry)     /* OUT */
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t start;
+       vm_map_offset_t end;
+       vm_map_offset_t desired_empty_end;
+       kern_return_t   kr;
+       vm_map_entry_t          hole_entry;
+
+StartAgain:;
+
+       start = *address;
+
+       if (flags & VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE) {
+               if (flags & VM_FLAGS_RANDOM_ADDR) {
+                       /*
+                        * Get a random start address.
+                        */
+                       kr = vm_map_random_address_for_size(map, address, size);
+                       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               return kr;
+                       }
+                       start = *address;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                *      Calculate the first possible address.
+                */
+
+               if (start < map->min_offset) {
+                       start = map->min_offset;
+               }
+               if (start > map->max_offset) {
+                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                *      Look for the first possible address;
+                *      if there's already something at this
+                *      address, we have to start after it.
+                */
+
+               if (map->disable_vmentry_reuse == TRUE) {
+                       VM_MAP_HIGHEST_ENTRY(map, entry, start);
+               } else {
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               hole_entry = CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list);
+
+                               if (hole_entry == NULL) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * No more space in the map?
+                                        */
+                                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                               } else {
+                                       boolean_t found_hole = FALSE;
+
+                                       do {
+                                               if (hole_entry->vme_start >= start) {
+                                                       start = hole_entry->vme_start;
+                                                       found_hole = TRUE;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+
+                                               if (hole_entry->vme_end > start) {
+                                                       found_hole = TRUE;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                               hole_entry = hole_entry->vme_next;
+                                       } while (hole_entry != CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list));
+
+                                       if (found_hole == FALSE) {
+                                               return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                                       }
+
+                                       entry = hole_entry;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               assert(first_free_is_valid(map));
+                               if (start == map->min_offset) {
+                                       if ((entry = map->first_free) != vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                               start = entry->vme_end;
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;
+                                       if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
+                                               start = tmp_entry->vme_end;
+                                       }
+                                       entry = tmp_entry;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       start = vm_map_round_page(start,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+               }
+
+               /*
+                *      In any case, the "entry" always precedes
+                *      the proposed new region throughout the
+                *      loop:
+                */
+
+               while (TRUE) {
+                       vm_map_entry_t  next;
+
+                       /*
+                        *      Find the end of the proposed new region.
+                        *      Be sure we didn't go beyond the end, or
+                        *      wrap around the address.
+                        */
+
+                       end = ((start + mask) & ~mask);
+                       end = vm_map_round_page(end,
+                           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+                       if (end < start) {
+                               return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                       }
+                       start = end;
+                       end += size;
+
+                       /* We want an entire page of empty space, but don't increase the allocation size. */
+                       desired_empty_end = vm_map_round_page(end, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
+
+                       if ((desired_empty_end > map->max_offset) || (desired_empty_end < start)) {
+                               if (map->wait_for_space) {
+                                       if (size <= (map->max_offset -
+                                           map->min_offset)) {
+                                               assert_wait((event_t) map, THREAD_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+                                               vm_map_unlock(map);
+                                               thread_block(THREAD_CONTINUE_NULL);
+                                               vm_map_lock(map);
+                                               goto StartAgain;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                       }
+
+                       next = entry->vme_next;
+
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               if (entry->vme_end >= desired_empty_end) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                *      If there are no more entries, we must win.
+                                *
+                                *      OR
+                                *
+                                *      If there is another entry, it must be
+                                *      after the end of the potential new region.
+                                */
+
+                               if (next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               if (next->vme_start >= desired_empty_end) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        *      Didn't fit -- move to the next entry.
+                        */
+
+                       entry = next;
+
+                       if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                               if (entry == CAST_TO_VM_MAP_ENTRY(map->holes_list)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Wrapped around
+                                        */
+                                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                               }
+                               start = entry->vme_start;
+                       } else {
+                               start = entry->vme_end;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (map->holelistenabled) {
+                       if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, entry->vme_start, &entry)) {
+                               panic("Found an existing entry (%p) instead of potential hole at address: 0x%llx.\n", entry, (unsigned long long)entry->vme_start);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               *address = start;
+       } else {
+               vm_map_entry_t          temp_entry;
+
+               /*
+                *      Verify that:
+                *              the address doesn't itself violate
+                *              the mask requirement.
+                */
+
+               if ((start & mask) != 0) {
+                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+               }
+
+
+               /*
+                *      ...     the address is within bounds
+                */
+
+               end = start + size;
+
+               if ((start < map->min_offset) ||
+                   (end > map->max_offset) ||
+                   (start >= end)) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * If we're asked to overwrite whatever was mapped in that
+                * range, first deallocate that range.
+                */
+               if (flags & VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE) {
+                       vm_map_t zap_map;
+                       int remove_flags = VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES | VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_MAP_ALIGN;
+
+                       /*
+                        * We use a "zap_map" to avoid having to unlock
+                        * the "map" in vm_map_delete(), which would compromise
+                        * the atomicity of the "deallocate" and then "remap"
+                        * combination.
+                        */
+                       zap_map = vm_map_create(PMAP_NULL,
+                           start,
+                           end,
+                           map->hdr.entries_pageable);
+                       if (zap_map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
+                               return KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
+                       }
+                       vm_map_set_page_shift(zap_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map));
+                       vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(zap_map);
+
+                       if (vmk_flags.vmkf_overwrite_immutable) {
+                               remove_flags |= VM_MAP_REMOVE_IMMUTABLE;
+                       }
+                       kr = vm_map_delete(map, start, end,
+                           remove_flags,
+                           zap_map);
+                       if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                               vm_map_destroy(zap_map,
+                                   VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_PMAP_CLEANUP);
+                               zap_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /*
+                *      ...     the starting address isn't allocated
+                */
+
+               if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &temp_entry)) {
+                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+               }
+
+               entry = temp_entry;
+
+               /*
+                *      ...     the next region doesn't overlap the
+                *              end point.
+                */
+
+               if ((entry->vme_next != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
+                   (entry->vme_next->vme_start < end)) {
+                       return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+               }
+       }
+       *map_entry = entry;
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ *     vm_map_switch:
+ *
+ *     Set the address map for the current thread to the specified map
+ */
+
+vm_map_t
+vm_map_switch(
+       vm_map_t        map)
+{
+       int             mycpu;
+       thread_t        thread = current_thread();
+       vm_map_t        oldmap = thread->map;
+
+       mp_disable_preemption();
+       mycpu = cpu_number();
+
+       /*
+        *      Deactivate the current map and activate the requested map
+        */
+       PMAP_SWITCH_USER(thread, map, mycpu);
+
+       mp_enable_preemption();
+       return oldmap;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *     Routine:        vm_map_write_user
+ *
+ *     Description:
+ *             Copy out data from a kernel space into space in the
+ *             destination map. The space must already exist in the
+ *             destination map.
+ *             NOTE:  This routine should only be called by threads
+ *             which can block on a page fault. i.e. kernel mode user
+ *             threads.
+ *
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_write_user(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       void                    *src_p,
+       vm_map_address_t        dst_addr,
+       vm_size_t               size)
+{
+       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+
+       if (current_map() == map) {
+               if (copyout(src_p, dst_addr, size)) {
+                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+       } else {
+               vm_map_t        oldmap;
+
+               /* take on the identity of the target map while doing */
+               /* the transfer */
+
+               vm_map_reference(map);
+               oldmap = vm_map_switch(map);
+               if (copyout(src_p, dst_addr, size)) {
+                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+               vm_map_switch(oldmap);
+               vm_map_deallocate(map);
+       }
+       return kr;
+}
+
+/*
+ *     Routine:        vm_map_read_user
+ *
+ *     Description:
+ *             Copy in data from a user space source map into the
+ *             kernel map. The space must already exist in the
+ *             kernel map.
+ *             NOTE:  This routine should only be called by threads
+ *             which can block on a page fault. i.e. kernel mode user
+ *             threads.
+ *
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_read_user(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_address_t        src_addr,
+       void                    *dst_p,
+       vm_size_t               size)
+{
+       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+
+       if (current_map() == map) {
+               if (copyin(src_addr, dst_p, size)) {
+                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+       } else {
+               vm_map_t        oldmap;
 
-       case VM_BEHAVIOR_CAN_REUSE:
-               return vm_map_can_reuse(map, start, end);
+               /* take on the identity of the target map while doing */
+               /* the transfer */
 
-       default:
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+               vm_map_reference(map);
+               oldmap = vm_map_switch(map);
+               if (copyin(src_addr, dst_p, size)) {
+                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               }
+               vm_map_switch(oldmap);
+               vm_map_deallocate(map);
        }
-
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return kr;
 }
 
 
 /*
- * Internals for madvise(MADV_WILLNEED) system call.
+ *     vm_map_check_protection:
  *
- * The present implementation is to do a read-ahead if the mapping corresponds
- * to a mapped regular file.  If it's an anonymous mapping, then we do nothing
- * and basically ignore the "advice" (which we are always free to do).
+ *     Assert that the target map allows the specified
+ *     privilege on the entire address region given.
+ *     The entire region must be allocated.
  */
-
-
-static kern_return_t
-vm_map_willneed(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end
-)
+boolean_t
+vm_map_check_protection(vm_map_t map, vm_map_offset_t start,
+    vm_map_offset_t end, vm_prot_t protection)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
-       vm_object_t                     object;
-       memory_object_t                 pager;
-       struct vm_object_fault_info     fault_info;
-       kern_return_t                   kr;
-       vm_object_size_t                len;
-       vm_object_offset_t              offset;
-
-       /*
-        * Fill in static values in fault_info.  Several fields get ignored by the code
-        * we call, but we'll fill them in anyway since uninitialized fields are bad
-        * when it comes to future backwards compatibility.
-        */
+       vm_map_entry_t entry;
+       vm_map_entry_t tmp_entry;
 
-       fault_info.interruptible = THREAD_UNINT;                /* ignored value */
-       fault_info.behavior      = VM_BEHAVIOR_SEQUENTIAL;
-       fault_info.no_cache      = FALSE;                       /* ignored value */
-       fault_info.stealth       = TRUE;
-       fault_info.mark_zf_absent = FALSE;
+       vm_map_lock(map);
 
-       /*
-        * The MADV_WILLNEED operation doesn't require any changes to the
-        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
-        */
+       if (start < vm_map_min(map) || end > vm_map_max(map) || start > end) {
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+               return FALSE;
+       }
 
-       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+               return FALSE;
+       }
 
-       /*
-        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
-        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
-        * an error.
-        */
+       entry = tmp_entry;
 
-       if (vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
+       while (start < end) {
+               if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       return FALSE;
+               }
 
                /*
-                * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
+                *      No holes allowed!
                 */
 
-               for (; entry->vme_start < end; start += len, entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               if (start < entry->vme_start) {
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       return FALSE;
+               }
 
-                       /*
-                        * The first time through, the start address could be anywhere within the 
-                        * vm_map_entry we found.  So adjust the offset to correspond.  After that,
-                        * the offset will always be zero to correspond to the beginning of the current
-                        * vm_map_entry.
-                        */
-                       
-                       offset = (start - entry->vme_start) + entry->offset;
+               /*
+                * Check protection associated with entry.
+                */
 
-                       /*
-                        * Set the length so we don't go beyond the end of the map_entry or beyond the
-                        * end of the range we were given.  This range could span also multiple map 
-                        * entries all of which map different files, so make sure we only do the right
-                        * amount of I/O for each object.  Note that it's possible for there to be
-                        * multiple map entries all referring to the same object but with different
-                        * page permissions, but it's not worth trying to optimize that case.
-                        */
+               if ((entry->protection & protection) != protection) {
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       return FALSE;
+               }
 
-                       len = MIN(entry->vme_end - start, end - start);
+               /* go to next entry */
 
-                       if ((vm_size_t) len != len) {
-                               /* 32-bit overflow */
-                               len = (vm_size_t) (0 - PAGE_SIZE);
-                       }
-                       fault_info.cluster_size = (vm_size_t) len;
-                       fault_info.lo_offset    = offset; 
-                       fault_info.hi_offset    = offset + len;
-                       fault_info.user_tag     = entry->alias;
+               start = entry->vme_end;
+               entry = entry->vme_next;
+       }
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
+       return TRUE;
+}
 
-                       /*
-                        * If there's no read permission to this mapping, then just skip it.
-                        */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_purgable_control(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         address,
+       vm_purgable_t           control,
+       int                     *state)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       vm_object_t             object;
+       kern_return_t           kr;
+       boolean_t               was_nonvolatile;
 
-                       if ((entry->protection & VM_PROT_READ) == 0) {
-                               continue;
-                       }
+       /*
+        * Vet all the input parameters and current type and state of the
+        * underlaying object.  Return with an error if anything is amiss.
+        */
+       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-                       /*
-                        * Find the file object backing this map entry.  If there is none,
-                        * then we simply ignore the "will need" advice for this entry and
-                        * go on to the next one.
-                        */
+       if (control != VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE &&
+           control != VM_PURGABLE_GET_STATE &&
+           control != VM_PURGABLE_PURGE_ALL &&
+           control != VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE_FROM_KERNEL) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-                       if ((object = find_vnode_object(entry)) == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                               continue;
-                       }
+       if (control == VM_PURGABLE_PURGE_ALL) {
+               vm_purgeable_object_purge_all();
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
 
-                       vm_object_paging_begin(object);
-                       pager = object->pager;
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+       if ((control == VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE ||
+           control == VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE_FROM_KERNEL) &&
+           (((*state & ~(VM_PURGABLE_ALL_MASKS)) != 0) ||
+           ((*state & VM_PURGABLE_STATE_MASK) > VM_PURGABLE_STATE_MASK))) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-                       /*
-                        * Get the data from the object asynchronously.
-                        *
-                        * Note that memory_object_data_request() places limits on the amount
-                        * of I/O it will do.  Regardless of the len we specified, it won't do
-                        * more than MAX_UPL_TRANSFER and it silently truncates the len to that
-                        * size.  This isn't necessarily bad since madvise shouldn't really be 
-                        * used to page in unlimited amounts of data.  Other Unix variants limit
-                        * the willneed case as well.  If this turns out to be an issue for
-                        * developers, then we can always adjust the policy here and still be
-                        * backwards compatible since this is all just "advice".
-                        */
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
 
-                       kr = memory_object_data_request(
-                               pager,
-                               offset + object->paging_offset,
-                               0,      /* ignored */
-                               VM_PROT_READ,
-                               (memory_object_fault_info_t)&fault_info);
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, address, &entry) || entry->is_sub_map) {
+               /*
+                * Must pass a valid non-submap address.
+                */
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
 
-                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                       vm_object_paging_end(object);
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+       if ((entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
+               /*
+                * Can't apply purgable controls to something you can't write.
+                */
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
+       }
 
-                       /*
-                        * If we couldn't do the I/O for some reason, just give up on the
-                        * madvise.  We still return success to the user since madvise isn't
-                        * supposed to fail when the advice can't be taken.
-                        */
+       object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL ||
+           object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_DENY) {
+               /*
+                * Object must already be present and be purgeable.
+                */
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-                       if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
+       vm_object_lock(object);
 
-               kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
-       } else
-               kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+#if 00
+       if (VME_OFFSET(entry) != 0 ||
+           entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start != object->vo_size) {
+               /*
+                * Can only apply purgable controls to the whole (existing)
+                * object at once.
+                */
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               vm_object_unlock(object);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       assert(!entry->is_sub_map);
+       assert(!entry->use_pmap); /* purgeable has its own accounting */
 
        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+
+       was_nonvolatile = (object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE);
+
+       kr = vm_object_purgable_control(object, control, state);
+
+       if (was_nonvolatile &&
+           object->purgable != VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE &&
+           map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+#if DEBUG
+               object->vo_purgeable_volatilizer = kernel_task;
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+       }
+
+       vm_object_unlock(object);
+
        return kr;
 }
 
-static boolean_t
-vm_map_entry_is_reusable(
-       vm_map_entry_t entry)
+void
+vm_map_footprint_query_page_info(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  map_entry,
+       vm_map_offset_t curr_s_offset,
+       int             *disposition_p)
 {
-       vm_object_t object;
+       int             pmap_disp;
+       vm_object_t     object;
+       int             disposition;
+       int             effective_page_size;
 
-       if (entry->is_shared ||
-           entry->is_sub_map ||
-           entry->in_transition ||
-           entry->protection != VM_PROT_DEFAULT ||
-           entry->max_protection != VM_PROT_ALL ||
-           entry->inheritance != VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT ||
-           entry->no_cache ||
-           entry->permanent ||
-           entry->superpage_size != 0 ||
-           entry->zero_wired_pages ||
-           entry->wired_count != 0 ||
-           entry->user_wired_count != 0) {
-               return FALSE;
-       }
+       vm_map_lock_assert_held(map);
+       assert(!map->has_corpse_footprint);
+       assert(curr_s_offset >= map_entry->vme_start);
+       assert(curr_s_offset < map_entry->vme_end);
 
-       object = entry->object.vm_object;
+       object = VME_OBJECT(map_entry);
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-               return TRUE;
-       }
-       if (object->ref_count == 1 &&
-           object->wired_page_count == 0 &&
-           object->copy == VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
-           object->shadow == VM_OBJECT_NULL &&
-           object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC &&
-           object->internal &&
-           !object->true_share &&
-           object->wimg_bits == VM_WIMG_DEFAULT &&
-           !object->code_signed) {
-               return TRUE;
+               *disposition_p = 0;
+               return;
        }
-       return FALSE;
-           
-           
-}
 
-static kern_return_t
-vm_map_reuse_pages(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
-       vm_object_t                     object;
-       vm_object_offset_t              start_offset, end_offset;
+       effective_page_size = MIN(PAGE_SIZE, VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map));
+
+       pmap_disp = 0;
+       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+               /* nothing mapped here: no need to ask */
+               *disposition_p = 0;
+               return;
+       } else if (map_entry->is_sub_map &&
+           !map_entry->use_pmap) {
+               /* nested pmap: no footprint */
+               *disposition_p = 0;
+               return;
+       }
 
        /*
-        * The MADV_REUSE operation doesn't require any changes to the
-        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
+        * Query the pmap.
         */
-
-       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       pmap_query_page_info(map->pmap, curr_s_offset, &pmap_disp);
 
        /*
-        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
-        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
-        * an error.
+        * Compute this page's disposition.
         */
+       disposition = 0;
 
-       if (!vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               vm_page_stats_reusable.reuse_pages_failure++;
-               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       /* deal with "alternate accounting" first */
+       if (!map_entry->is_sub_map &&
+           object->vo_no_footprint) {
+               /* does not count in footprint */
+               assertf(!map_entry->use_pmap, "offset 0x%llx map_entry %p", (uint64_t) curr_s_offset, map_entry);
+       } else if (!map_entry->is_sub_map &&
+           (object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE ||
+           (object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_DENY &&
+           object->vo_ledger_tag)) &&
+           VM_OBJECT_OWNER(object) != NULL &&
+           VM_OBJECT_OWNER(object)->map == map) {
+               assertf(!map_entry->use_pmap, "offset 0x%llx map_entry %p", (uint64_t) curr_s_offset, map_entry);
+               if ((((curr_s_offset
+                   - map_entry->vme_start
+                   + VME_OFFSET(map_entry))
+                   / effective_page_size) <
+                   (object->resident_page_count +
+                   vm_compressor_pager_get_count(object->pager)))) {
+                       /*
+                        * Non-volatile purgeable object owned
+                        * by this task: report the first
+                        * "#resident + #compressed" pages as
+                        * "resident" (to show that they
+                        * contribute to the footprint) but not
+                        * "dirty" (to avoid double-counting
+                        * with the fake "non-volatile" region
+                        * we'll report at the end of the
+                        * address space to account for all
+                        * (mapped or not) non-volatile memory
+                        * owned by this task.
+                        */
+                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT;
+               }
+       } else if (!map_entry->is_sub_map &&
+           (object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE ||
+           object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY) &&
+           VM_OBJECT_OWNER(object) != NULL &&
+           VM_OBJECT_OWNER(object)->map == map) {
+               assertf(!map_entry->use_pmap, "offset 0x%llx map_entry %p", (uint64_t) curr_s_offset, map_entry);
+               if ((((curr_s_offset
+                   - map_entry->vme_start
+                   + VME_OFFSET(map_entry))
+                   / effective_page_size) <
+                   object->wired_page_count)) {
+                       /*
+                        * Volatile|empty purgeable object owned
+                        * by this task: report the first
+                        * "#wired" pages as "resident" (to
+                        * show that they contribute to the
+                        * footprint) but not "dirty" (to avoid
+                        * double-counting with the fake
+                        * "non-volatile" region we'll report
+                        * at the end of the address space to
+                        * account for all (mapped or not)
+                        * non-volatile memory owned by this
+                        * task.
+                        */
+                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT;
+               }
+       } else if (!map_entry->is_sub_map &&
+           map_entry->iokit_acct &&
+           object->internal &&
+           object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_DENY) {
+               /*
+                * Non-purgeable IOKit memory: phys_footprint
+                * includes the entire virtual mapping.
+                */
+               assertf(!map_entry->use_pmap, "offset 0x%llx map_entry %p", (uint64_t) curr_s_offset, map_entry);
+               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT;
+               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_DIRTY;
+       } else if (pmap_disp & (PMAP_QUERY_PAGE_ALTACCT |
+           PMAP_QUERY_PAGE_COMPRESSED_ALTACCT)) {
+               /* alternate accounting */
+#if (__arm__ || __arm64__) && (DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG)
+               if (map->pmap->footprint_was_suspended) {
+                       /*
+                        * The assertion below can fail if dyld
+                        * suspended footprint accounting
+                        * while doing some adjustments to
+                        * this page;  the mapping would say
+                        * "use pmap accounting" but the page
+                        * would be marked "alternate
+                        * accounting".
+                        */
+               } else
+#endif /* (__arm__ || __arm64__) && (DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG) */
+               {
+                       assertf(!map_entry->use_pmap, "offset 0x%llx map_entry %p", (uint64_t) curr_s_offset, map_entry);
+               }
+               disposition = 0;
+       } else {
+               if (pmap_disp & PMAP_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT) {
+                       assertf(map_entry->use_pmap, "offset 0x%llx map_entry %p", (uint64_t) curr_s_offset, map_entry);
+                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT;
+                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REF;
+                       if (pmap_disp & PMAP_QUERY_PAGE_INTERNAL) {
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_DIRTY;
+                       } else {
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_EXTERNAL;
+                       }
+                       if (pmap_disp & PMAP_QUERY_PAGE_REUSABLE) {
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REUSABLE;
+                       }
+               } else if (pmap_disp & PMAP_QUERY_PAGE_COMPRESSED) {
+                       assertf(map_entry->use_pmap, "offset 0x%llx map_entry %p", (uint64_t) curr_s_offset, map_entry);
+                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PAGED_OUT;
+               }
+       }
+
+       *disposition_p = disposition;
+}
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_page_query_internal(
+       vm_map_t        target_map,
+       vm_map_offset_t offset,
+       int             *disposition,
+       int             *ref_count)
+{
+       kern_return_t                   kr;
+       vm_page_info_basic_data_t       info;
+       mach_msg_type_number_t          count;
+
+       count = VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC_COUNT;
+       kr = vm_map_page_info(target_map,
+           offset,
+           VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC,
+           (vm_page_info_t) &info,
+           &count);
+       if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+               *disposition = info.disposition;
+               *ref_count = info.ref_count;
+       } else {
+               *disposition = 0;
+               *ref_count = 0;
        }
 
-       /*
-        * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
-        */
-       for (; entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) && entry->vme_start < end;
-            entry = entry->vme_next) {
-               /*
-                * Sanity check on the VM map entry.
-                */
-               if (! vm_map_entry_is_reusable(entry)) {
-                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-                       vm_page_stats_reusable.reuse_pages_failure++;
-                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-               }
+       return kr;
+}
 
-               /*
-                * The first time through, the start address could be anywhere
-                * within the vm_map_entry we found.  So adjust the offset to
-                * correspond.
-                */
-               if (entry->vme_start < start) {
-                       start_offset = start - entry->vme_start;
-               } else {
-                       start_offset = 0;
-               }
-               end_offset = MIN(end, entry->vme_end) - entry->vme_start;
-               start_offset += entry->offset;
-               end_offset += entry->offset;
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_page_info(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         offset,
+       vm_page_info_flavor_t   flavor,
+       vm_page_info_t          info,
+       mach_msg_type_number_t  *count)
+{
+       return vm_map_page_range_info_internal(map,
+                  offset, /* start of range */
+                  (offset + 1), /* this will get rounded in the call to the page boundary */
+                  (int)-1, /* effective_page_shift: unspecified */
+                  flavor,
+                  info,
+                  count);
+}
 
-               object = entry->object.vm_object;
-               if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                       vm_object_reuse_pages(object, start_offset, end_offset,
-                                             TRUE);
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-               }
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_page_range_info_internal(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_offset_t         start_offset,
+       vm_map_offset_t         end_offset,
+       int                     effective_page_shift,
+       vm_page_info_flavor_t   flavor,
+       vm_page_info_t          info,
+       mach_msg_type_number_t  *count)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t          map_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+       vm_object_t             object = VM_OBJECT_NULL, curr_object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+       vm_page_t               m = VM_PAGE_NULL;
+       kern_return_t           retval = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       int                     disposition = 0;
+       int                     ref_count = 0;
+       int                     depth = 0, info_idx = 0;
+       vm_page_info_basic_t    basic_info = 0;
+       vm_map_offset_t         offset_in_page = 0, offset_in_object = 0, curr_offset_in_object = 0;
+       vm_map_offset_t         start = 0, end = 0, curr_s_offset = 0, curr_e_offset = 0;
+       boolean_t               do_region_footprint;
+       ledger_amount_t         ledger_resident, ledger_compressed;
+       int                     effective_page_size;
+       vm_map_offset_t         effective_page_mask;
 
-               if (entry->alias == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSABLE) {
+       switch (flavor) {
+       case VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC:
+               if (*count != VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC_COUNT) {
                        /*
-                        * XXX
-                        * We do not hold the VM map exclusively here.
-                        * The "alias" field is not that critical, so it's
-                        * safe to update it here, as long as it is the only
-                        * one that can be modified while holding the VM map
-                        * "shared".
+                        * The "vm_page_info_basic_data" structure was not
+                        * properly padded, so allow the size to be off by
+                        * one to maintain backwards binary compatibility...
                         */
-                       entry->alias = VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSED;
+                       if (*count != VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC_COUNT - 1) {
+                               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                       }
                }
+               break;
+       default:
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
-       
-       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-       vm_page_stats_reusable.reuse_pages_success++;
-       return KERN_SUCCESS;
-}
 
+       if (effective_page_shift == -1) {
+               effective_page_shift = vm_self_region_page_shift_safely(map);
+               if (effective_page_shift == -1) {
+                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               }
+       }
+       effective_page_size = (1 << effective_page_shift);
+       effective_page_mask = effective_page_size - 1;
 
-static kern_return_t
-vm_map_reusable_pages(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
-       vm_object_t                     object;
-       vm_object_offset_t              start_offset, end_offset;
+       do_region_footprint = task_self_region_footprint();
+       disposition = 0;
+       ref_count = 0;
+       depth = 0;
+       info_idx = 0; /* Tracks the next index within the info structure to be filled.*/
+       retval = KERN_SUCCESS;
 
-       /*
-        * The MADV_REUSABLE operation doesn't require any changes to the
-        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
-        */
+       offset_in_page = start_offset & effective_page_mask;
+       start = vm_map_trunc_page(start_offset, effective_page_mask);
+       end = vm_map_round_page(end_offset, effective_page_mask);
 
-       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       if (end < start) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-       /*
-        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
-        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
-        * an error.
-        */
+       assert((end - start) <= MAX_PAGE_RANGE_QUERY);
 
-       if (!vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_failure++;
-               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-       }
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
 
-       /*
-        * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
-        */
-       for (; entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) && entry->vme_start < end;
-            entry = entry->vme_next) {
-               int kill_pages = 0;
+       task_ledgers_footprint(map->pmap->ledger, &ledger_resident, &ledger_compressed);
 
+       for (curr_s_offset = start; curr_s_offset < end;) {
                /*
-                * Sanity check on the VM map entry.
+                * New lookup needs reset of these variables.
                 */
-               if (! vm_map_entry_is_reusable(entry)) {
-                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-                       vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_failure++;
-                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+               curr_object = object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+               offset_in_object = 0;
+               ref_count = 0;
+               depth = 0;
+
+               if (do_region_footprint &&
+                   curr_s_offset >= vm_map_last_entry(map)->vme_end) {
+                       /*
+                        * Request for "footprint" info about a page beyond
+                        * the end of address space: this must be for
+                        * the fake region vm_map_region_recurse_64()
+                        * reported to account for non-volatile purgeable
+                        * memory owned by this task.
+                        */
+                       disposition = 0;
+
+                       if (curr_s_offset - vm_map_last_entry(map)->vme_end <=
+                           (unsigned) ledger_compressed) {
+                               /*
+                                * We haven't reported all the "non-volatile
+                                * compressed" pages yet, so report this fake
+                                * page as "compressed".
+                                */
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PAGED_OUT;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * We've reported all the non-volatile
+                                * compressed page but not all the non-volatile
+                                * pages , so report this fake page as
+                                * "resident dirty".
+                                */
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT;
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_DIRTY;
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REF;
+                       }
+                       switch (flavor) {
+                       case VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC:
+                               basic_info = (vm_page_info_basic_t) (((uintptr_t) info) + (info_idx * sizeof(struct vm_page_info_basic)));
+                               basic_info->disposition = disposition;
+                               basic_info->ref_count = 1;
+                               basic_info->object_id = VM_OBJECT_ID_FAKE(map, task_ledgers.purgeable_nonvolatile);
+                               basic_info->offset = 0;
+                               basic_info->depth = 0;
+
+                               info_idx++;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       curr_s_offset += effective_page_size;
+                       continue;
                }
 
                /*
-                * The first time through, the start address could be anywhere
-                * within the vm_map_entry we found.  So adjust the offset to
-                * correspond.
+                * First, find the map entry covering "curr_s_offset", going down
+                * submaps if necessary.
                 */
-               if (entry->vme_start < start) {
-                       start_offset = start - entry->vme_start;
-               } else {
-                       start_offset = 0;
-               }
-               end_offset = MIN(end, entry->vme_end) - entry->vme_start;
-               start_offset += entry->offset;
-               end_offset += entry->offset;
+               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, curr_s_offset, &map_entry)) {
+                       /* no entry -> no object -> no page */
 
-               object = entry->object.vm_object;
-               if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL)
-                       continue;
+                       if (curr_s_offset < vm_map_min(map)) {
+                               /*
+                                * Illegal address that falls below map min.
+                                */
+                               curr_e_offset = MIN(end, vm_map_min(map));
+                       } else if (curr_s_offset >= vm_map_max(map)) {
+                               /*
+                                * Illegal address that falls on/after map max.
+                                */
+                               curr_e_offset = end;
+                       } else if (map_entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                               /*
+                                * Hit a hole.
+                                */
+                               if (map_entry->vme_next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Empty map.
+                                        */
+                                       curr_e_offset = MIN(map->max_offset, end);
+                               } else {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Hole at start of the map.
+                                        */
+                                       curr_e_offset = MIN(map_entry->vme_next->vme_start, end);
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               if (map_entry->vme_next == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Hole at the end of the map.
+                                        */
+                                       curr_e_offset = MIN(map->max_offset, end);
+                               } else {
+                                       curr_e_offset = MIN(map_entry->vme_next->vme_start, end);
+                               }
+                       }
 
+                       assert(curr_e_offset >= curr_s_offset);
 
-               vm_object_lock(object);
-               if (object->ref_count == 1 && !object->shadow)
-                       kill_pages = 1;
-               else
-                       kill_pages = -1;
-               if (kill_pages != -1) {
-                       vm_object_deactivate_pages(object,
-                                                  start_offset,
-                                                  end_offset - start_offset,
-                                                  kill_pages,
-                                                  TRUE /*reusable_pages*/);
-               } else {
-                       vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_shared++;
-               }
-               vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       uint64_t num_pages = (curr_e_offset - curr_s_offset) >> effective_page_shift;
 
-               if (entry->alias == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE ||
-                   entry->alias == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSED) {
-                       /*
-                        * XXX
-                        * We do not hold the VM map exclusively here.
-                        * The "alias" field is not that critical, so it's
-                        * safe to update it here, as long as it is the only
-                        * one that can be modified while holding the VM map
-                        * "shared".
-                        */
-                       entry->alias = VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_LARGE_REUSABLE;
+                       void *info_ptr = (void*) (((uintptr_t) info) + (info_idx * sizeof(struct vm_page_info_basic)));
+
+                       bzero(info_ptr, num_pages * sizeof(struct vm_page_info_basic));
+
+                       curr_s_offset = curr_e_offset;
+
+                       info_idx += num_pages;
+
+                       continue;
                }
-       }
-       
-       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-       vm_page_stats_reusable.reusable_pages_success++;
-       return KERN_SUCCESS;
-}
 
+               /* compute offset from this map entry's start */
+               offset_in_object = curr_s_offset - map_entry->vme_start;
 
-static kern_return_t
-vm_map_can_reuse(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t start,
-       vm_map_offset_t end)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t                  entry;
+               /* compute offset into this map entry's object (or submap) */
+               offset_in_object += VME_OFFSET(map_entry);
 
-       /*
-        * The MADV_REUSABLE operation doesn't require any changes to the
-        * vm_map_entry_t's, so the read lock is sufficient.
-        */
+               if (map_entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       vm_map_t sub_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+                       vm_page_info_t submap_info = 0;
+                       vm_map_offset_t submap_s_offset = 0, submap_e_offset = 0, range_len = 0;
 
-       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+                       range_len = MIN(map_entry->vme_end, end) - curr_s_offset;
 
-       /*
-        * The madvise semantics require that the address range be fully
-        * allocated with no holes.  Otherwise, we're required to return
-        * an error.
-        */
+                       submap_s_offset = offset_in_object;
+                       submap_e_offset = submap_s_offset + range_len;
 
-       if (!vm_map_range_check(map, start, end, &entry)) {
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               vm_page_stats_reusable.can_reuse_failure++;
-               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-       }
+                       sub_map = VME_SUBMAP(map_entry);
 
-       /*
-        * Examine each vm_map_entry_t in the range.
-        */
-       for (; entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) && entry->vme_start < end;
-            entry = entry->vme_next) {
-               /*
-                * Sanity check on the VM map entry.
-                */
-               if (! vm_map_entry_is_reusable(entry)) {
+                       vm_map_reference(sub_map);
                        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-                       vm_page_stats_reusable.can_reuse_failure++;
-                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-               }
-       }
-       
-       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-       vm_page_stats_reusable.can_reuse_success++;
-       return KERN_SUCCESS;
-}
 
+                       submap_info = (vm_page_info_t) (((uintptr_t) info) + (info_idx * sizeof(struct vm_page_info_basic)));
 
+                       assertf(VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(sub_map) >= VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map),
+                           "Submap page size (%d) differs from current map (%d)\n", VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(sub_map), VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map));
 
-#include <mach_kdb.h>
-#if    MACH_KDB
-#include <ddb/db_output.h>
-#include <vm/vm_print.h>
+                       retval = vm_map_page_range_info_internal(sub_map,
+                           submap_s_offset,
+                           submap_e_offset,
+                           effective_page_shift,
+                           VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC,
+                           (vm_page_info_t) submap_info,
+                           count);
 
-#define        printf  db_printf
+                       assert(retval == KERN_SUCCESS);
 
-/*
- * Forward declarations for internal functions.
- */
-extern void vm_map_links_print(
-       struct vm_map_links     *links);
-
-extern void vm_map_header_print(
-       struct vm_map_header    *header);
+                       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+                       vm_map_deallocate(sub_map);
 
-extern void vm_map_entry_print(
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry);
+                       /* Move the "info" index by the number of pages we inspected.*/
+                       info_idx += range_len >> effective_page_shift;
 
-extern void vm_follow_entry(
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry);
+                       /* Move our current offset by the size of the range we inspected.*/
+                       curr_s_offset += range_len;
 
-extern void vm_follow_map(
-       vm_map_t                map);
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-/*
- *     vm_map_links_print:     [ debug ]
- */
-void
-vm_map_links_print(
-       struct vm_map_links     *links)
-{
-       iprintf("prev = %08X  next = %08X  start = %016llX  end = %016llX\n",
-               links->prev,
-               links->next,
-               (unsigned long long)links->start,
-               (unsigned long long)links->end);
-}
+               object = VME_OBJECT(map_entry);
 
-/*
- *     vm_map_header_print:    [ debug ]
- */
-void
-vm_map_header_print(
-       struct vm_map_header    *header)
-{
-       vm_map_links_print(&header->links);
-       iprintf("nentries = %08X, %sentries_pageable\n",
-               header->nentries,
-               (header->entries_pageable ? "" : "!"));
-}
+               if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       /*
+                        * We don't have an object here and, hence,
+                        * no pages to inspect. We'll fill up the
+                        * info structure appropriately.
+                        */
 
-/*
- *     vm_follow_entry:        [ debug ]
- */
-void
-vm_follow_entry(
-       vm_map_entry_t entry)
-{
-       int shadows;
+                       curr_e_offset = MIN(map_entry->vme_end, end);
 
-       iprintf("map entry %08X\n", entry);
+                       uint64_t num_pages = (curr_e_offset - curr_s_offset) >> effective_page_shift;
 
-       db_indent += 2;
+                       void *info_ptr = (void*) (((uintptr_t) info) + (info_idx * sizeof(struct vm_page_info_basic)));
 
-       shadows = vm_follow_object(entry->object.vm_object);
-       iprintf("Total objects : %d\n",shadows);
+                       bzero(info_ptr, num_pages * sizeof(struct vm_page_info_basic));
 
-       db_indent -= 2;
-}
+                       curr_s_offset = curr_e_offset;
 
-/*
- *     vm_map_entry_print:     [ debug ]
- */
-void
-vm_map_entry_print(
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry)
-{
-       static const char *inheritance_name[4] =
-               { "share", "copy", "none", "?"};
-       static const char *behavior_name[4] =
-               { "dflt", "rand", "seqtl", "rseqntl" };
-       
-       iprintf("map entry %08X - prev = %08X  next = %08X\n", entry, entry->vme_prev, entry->vme_next);
-
-       db_indent += 2;
-
-       vm_map_links_print(&entry->links);
-
-       iprintf("start = %016llX  end = %016llX - prot=%x/%x/%s\n",
-               (unsigned long long)entry->vme_start,
-               (unsigned long long)entry->vme_end,
-               entry->protection,
-               entry->max_protection,
-               inheritance_name[(entry->inheritance & 0x3)]);
-
-       iprintf("behavior = %s, wired_count = %d, user_wired_count = %d\n",
-               behavior_name[(entry->behavior & 0x3)],
-               entry->wired_count,
-               entry->user_wired_count);
-       iprintf("%sin_transition, %sneeds_wakeup\n",
-               (entry->in_transition ? "" : "!"),
-               (entry->needs_wakeup ? "" : "!"));
+                       info_idx += num_pages;
 
-       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
-               iprintf("submap = %08X - offset = %016llX\n",
-                       entry->object.sub_map,
-                       (unsigned long long)entry->offset);
-       } else {
-               iprintf("object = %08X  offset = %016llX - ",
-                       entry->object.vm_object,
-                       (unsigned long long)entry->offset);
-               printf("%sis_shared, %sneeds_copy\n",
-                      (entry->is_shared ? "" : "!"),
-                      (entry->needs_copy ? "" : "!"));
-       }
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-       db_indent -= 2;
-}
+               if (do_region_footprint) {
+                       disposition = 0;
+                       if (map->has_corpse_footprint) {
+                               /*
+                                * Query the page info data we saved
+                                * while forking the corpse.
+                                */
+                               vm_map_corpse_footprint_query_page_info(
+                                       map,
+                                       curr_s_offset,
+                                       &disposition);
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * Query the live pmap for footprint info
+                                * about this page.
+                                */
+                               vm_map_footprint_query_page_info(
+                                       map,
+                                       map_entry,
+                                       curr_s_offset,
+                                       &disposition);
+                       }
+                       switch (flavor) {
+                       case VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC:
+                               basic_info = (vm_page_info_basic_t) (((uintptr_t) info) + (info_idx * sizeof(struct vm_page_info_basic)));
+                               basic_info->disposition = disposition;
+                               basic_info->ref_count = 1;
+                               basic_info->object_id = VM_OBJECT_ID_FAKE(map, task_ledgers.purgeable_nonvolatile);
+                               basic_info->offset = 0;
+                               basic_info->depth = 0;
+
+                               info_idx++;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       curr_s_offset += effective_page_size;
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-/*
- *     vm_follow_map:  [ debug ]
- */
-void
-vm_follow_map(
-       vm_map_t map)
-{
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
+               vm_object_reference(object);
+               /*
+                * Shared mode -- so we can allow other readers
+                * to grab the lock too.
+                */
+               vm_object_lock_shared(object);
 
-       iprintf("task map %08X\n", map);
+               curr_e_offset = MIN(map_entry->vme_end, end);
 
-       db_indent += 2;
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
 
-       for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
-            entry && entry != vm_map_to_entry(map);
-            entry = entry->vme_next) {
-               vm_follow_entry(entry);
-       }
+               map_entry = NULL; /* map is unlocked, the entry is no longer valid. */
 
-       db_indent -= 2;
-}
+               curr_object = object;
 
-/*
- *     vm_map_print:   [ debug ]
- */
-void
-vm_map_print(
-       db_addr_t inmap)
-{
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       vm_map_t map;
-#if TASK_SWAPPER
-       char *swstate;
-#endif /* TASK_SWAPPER */
+               for (; curr_s_offset < curr_e_offset;) {
+                       if (object == curr_object) {
+                               ref_count = curr_object->ref_count - 1; /* account for our object reference above. */
+                       } else {
+                               ref_count = curr_object->ref_count;
+                       }
 
-       map = (vm_map_t)(long)
-               inmap;  /* Make sure we have the right type */
+                       curr_offset_in_object = offset_in_object;
 
-       iprintf("task map %08X\n", map);
+                       for (;;) {
+                               m = vm_page_lookup(curr_object, vm_object_trunc_page(curr_offset_in_object));
 
-       db_indent += 2;
+                               if (m != VM_PAGE_NULL) {
+                                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT;
+                                       break;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (curr_object->internal &&
+                                           curr_object->alive &&
+                                           !curr_object->terminating &&
+                                           curr_object->pager_ready) {
+                                               if (VM_COMPRESSOR_PAGER_STATE_GET(curr_object, vm_object_trunc_page(curr_offset_in_object))
+                                                   == VM_EXTERNAL_STATE_EXISTS) {
+                                                       /* the pager has that page */
+                                                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PAGED_OUT;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       }
 
-       vm_map_header_print(&map->hdr);
+                                       /*
+                                        * Go down the VM object shadow chain until we find the page
+                                        * we're looking for.
+                                        */
 
-       iprintf("pmap = %08X  size = %08X  ref = %d  hint = %08X  first_free = %08X\n",
-               map->pmap,
-               map->size,
-               map->ref_count,
-               map->hint,
-               map->first_free);
+                                       if (curr_object->shadow != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                                               vm_object_t shadow = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
 
-       iprintf("%swait_for_space, %swiring_required, timestamp = %d\n",
-               (map->wait_for_space ? "" : "!"),
-               (map->wiring_required ? "" : "!"),
-               map->timestamp);
+                                               curr_offset_in_object += curr_object->vo_shadow_offset;
+                                               shadow = curr_object->shadow;
 
-#if    TASK_SWAPPER
-       switch (map->sw_state) {
-       case MAP_SW_IN:
-               swstate = "SW_IN";
-               break;
-       case MAP_SW_OUT:
-               swstate = "SW_OUT";
-               break;
-       default:
-               swstate = "????";
-               break;
-       }
-       iprintf("res = %d, sw_state = %s\n", map->res_count, swstate);
-#endif /* TASK_SWAPPER */
+                                               vm_object_lock_shared(shadow);
+                                               vm_object_unlock(curr_object);
 
-       for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
-            entry && entry != vm_map_to_entry(map);
-            entry = entry->vme_next) {
-               vm_map_entry_print(entry);
-       }
+                                               curr_object = shadow;
+                                               depth++;
+                                               continue;
+                                       } else {
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
 
-       db_indent -= 2;
-}
+                       /* The ref_count is not strictly accurate, it measures the number   */
+                       /* of entities holding a ref on the object, they may not be mapping */
+                       /* the object or may not be mapping the section holding the         */
+                       /* target page but its still a ball park number and though an over- */
+                       /* count, it picks up the copy-on-write cases                       */
 
-/*
- *     Routine:        vm_map_copy_print
- *     Purpose:
- *             Pretty-print a copy object for ddb.
- */
+                       /* We could also get a picture of page sharing from pmap_attributes */
+                       /* but this would under count as only faulted-in mappings would     */
+                       /* show up.                                                         */
 
-void
-vm_map_copy_print(
-       db_addr_t       incopy)
-{
-       vm_map_copy_t copy;
-       vm_map_entry_t entry;
+                       if ((curr_object == object) && curr_object->shadow) {
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_COPIED;
+                       }
 
-       copy = (vm_map_copy_t)(long)
-               incopy; /* Make sure we have the right type */
+                       if (!curr_object->internal) {
+                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_EXTERNAL;
+                       }
 
-       printf("copy object 0x%x\n", copy);
+                       if (m != VM_PAGE_NULL) {
+                               if (m->vmp_fictitious) {
+                                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_FICTITIOUS;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (m->vmp_dirty || pmap_is_modified(VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m))) {
+                                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_DIRTY;
+                                       }
 
-       db_indent += 2;
+                                       if (m->vmp_reference || pmap_is_referenced(VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m))) {
+                                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REF;
+                                       }
 
-       iprintf("type=%d", copy->type);
-       switch (copy->type) {
-       case VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST:
-               printf("[entry_list]");
-               break;
-               
-       case VM_MAP_COPY_OBJECT:
-               printf("[object]");
-               break;
-               
-       case VM_MAP_COPY_KERNEL_BUFFER:
-               printf("[kernel_buffer]");
-               break;
+                                       if (m->vmp_q_state == VM_PAGE_ON_SPECULATIVE_Q) {
+                                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_SPECULATIVE;
+                                       }
 
-       default:
-               printf("[bad type]");
-               break;
-       }
-       printf(", offset=0x%llx", (unsigned long long)copy->offset);
-       printf(", size=0x%x\n", copy->size);
+                                       /*
+                                        * XXX TODO4K:
+                                        * when this routine deals with 4k
+                                        * pages, check the appropriate CS bit
+                                        * here.
+                                        */
+                                       if (m->vmp_cs_validated) {
+                                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_CS_VALIDATED;
+                                       }
+                                       if (m->vmp_cs_tainted) {
+                                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_CS_TAINTED;
+                                       }
+                                       if (m->vmp_cs_nx) {
+                                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_CS_NX;
+                                       }
+                                       if (m->vmp_reusable || curr_object->all_reusable) {
+                                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REUSABLE;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
 
-       switch (copy->type) {
-       case VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST:
-               vm_map_header_print(&copy->cpy_hdr);
-               for (entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
-                    entry && entry != vm_map_copy_to_entry(copy);
-                    entry = entry->vme_next) {
-                       vm_map_entry_print(entry);
-               }
-               break;
+                       switch (flavor) {
+                       case VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC:
+                               basic_info = (vm_page_info_basic_t) (((uintptr_t) info) + (info_idx * sizeof(struct vm_page_info_basic)));
+                               basic_info->disposition = disposition;
+                               basic_info->ref_count = ref_count;
+                               basic_info->object_id = (vm_object_id_t) (uintptr_t)
+                                   VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(curr_object);
+                               basic_info->offset =
+                                   (memory_object_offset_t) curr_offset_in_object + offset_in_page;
+                               basic_info->depth = depth;
+
+                               info_idx++;
+                               break;
+                       }
 
-       case VM_MAP_COPY_OBJECT:
-               iprintf("object=0x%x\n", copy->cpy_object);
-               break;
+                       disposition = 0;
+                       offset_in_page = 0; // This doesn't really make sense for any offset other than the starting offset.
 
-       case VM_MAP_COPY_KERNEL_BUFFER:
-               iprintf("kernel buffer=0x%x", copy->cpy_kdata);
-               printf(", kalloc_size=0x%x\n", copy->cpy_kalloc_size);
-               break;
+                       /*
+                        * Move to next offset in the range and in our object.
+                        */
+                       curr_s_offset += effective_page_size;
+                       offset_in_object += effective_page_size;
+                       curr_offset_in_object = offset_in_object;
 
-       }
+                       if (curr_object != object) {
+                               vm_object_unlock(curr_object);
 
-       db_indent -=2;
-}
+                               curr_object = object;
 
-/*
- *     db_vm_map_total_size(map)       [ debug ]
- *
- *     return the total virtual size (in bytes) of the map
- */
-vm_map_size_t
-db_vm_map_total_size(
-       db_addr_t       inmap)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
-       vm_map_size_t   total;
-       vm_map_t map;
+                               vm_object_lock_shared(curr_object);
+                       } else {
+                               vm_object_lock_yield_shared(curr_object);
+                       }
+               }
 
-       map = (vm_map_t)(long)
-               inmap;  /* Make sure we have the right type */
+               vm_object_unlock(curr_object);
+               vm_object_deallocate(curr_object);
 
-       total = 0;
-       for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
-            entry != vm_map_to_entry(map);
-            entry = entry->vme_next) {
-               total += entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start;
+               vm_map_lock_read(map);
        }
 
-       return total;
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       return retval;
 }
 
-#endif /* MACH_KDB */
-
 /*
- *     Routine:        vm_map_entry_insert
+ *     vm_map_msync
+ *
+ *     Synchronises the memory range specified with its backing store
+ *     image by either flushing or cleaning the contents to the appropriate
+ *     memory manager engaging in a memory object synchronize dialog with
+ *     the manager.  The client doesn't return until the manager issues
+ *     m_o_s_completed message.  MIG Magically converts user task parameter
+ *     to the task's address map.
+ *
+ *     interpretation of sync_flags
+ *     VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE      - discard pages, only return precious
+ *                               pages to manager.
+ *
+ *     VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE & (VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS | VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS)
+ *                             - discard pages, write dirty or precious
+ *                               pages back to memory manager.
+ *
+ *     VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS | VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS
+ *                             - write dirty or precious pages back to
+ *                               the memory manager.
+ *
+ *     VM_SYNC_CONTIGUOUS      - does everything normally, but if there
+ *                               is a hole in the region, and we would
+ *                               have returned KERN_SUCCESS, return
+ *                               KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS instead.
+ *
+ *     NOTE
+ *     The memory object attributes have not yet been implemented, this
+ *     function will have to deal with the invalidate attribute
  *
- *     Descritpion:    This routine inserts a new vm_entry in a locked map.
+ *     RETURNS
+ *     KERN_INVALID_TASK               Bad task parameter
+ *     KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT           both sync and async were specified.
+ *     KERN_SUCCESS                    The usual.
+ *     KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS            There was a hole in the region.
  */
-vm_map_entry_t
-vm_map_entry_insert(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_entry_t          insp_entry,
-       vm_map_offset_t         start,
-       vm_map_offset_t         end,
-       vm_object_t             object,
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
-       boolean_t               needs_copy,
-       boolean_t               is_shared,
-       boolean_t               in_transition,
-       vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
-       vm_prot_t               max_protection,
-       vm_behavior_t           behavior,
-       vm_inherit_t            inheritance,
-       unsigned                wired_count,
-       boolean_t               no_cache,
-       boolean_t               permanent,
-       unsigned int            superpage_size)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t  new_entry;
-
-       assert(insp_entry != (vm_map_entry_t)0);
 
-       new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(map);
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_msync(
+       vm_map_t                map,
+       vm_map_address_t        address,
+       vm_map_size_t           size,
+       vm_sync_t               sync_flags)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
+       vm_map_size_t           amount_left;
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset;
+       vm_object_offset_t      start_offset, end_offset;
+       boolean_t               do_sync_req;
+       boolean_t               had_hole = FALSE;
+       vm_map_offset_t         pmap_offset;
 
-       new_entry->vme_start = start;
-       new_entry->vme_end = end;
-       assert(page_aligned(new_entry->vme_start));
-       assert(page_aligned(new_entry->vme_end));
+       if ((sync_flags & VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS) &&
+           (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS)) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-       new_entry->object.vm_object = object;
-       new_entry->offset = offset;
-       new_entry->is_shared = is_shared;
-       new_entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
-       new_entry->needs_copy = needs_copy;
-       new_entry->in_transition = in_transition;
-       new_entry->needs_wakeup = FALSE;
-       new_entry->inheritance = inheritance;
-       new_entry->protection = cur_protection;
-       new_entry->max_protection = max_protection;
-       new_entry->behavior = behavior;
-       new_entry->wired_count = wired_count;
-       new_entry->user_wired_count = 0;
-       new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE;
-       new_entry->alias = 0;
-       new_entry->zero_wired_pages = FALSE;
-       new_entry->no_cache = no_cache;
-       new_entry->permanent = permanent;
-       new_entry->superpage_size = superpage_size;
+       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map) < PAGE_MASK) {
+               DEBUG4K_SHARE("map %p address 0x%llx size 0x%llx flags 0x%x\n", map, (uint64_t)address, (uint64_t)size, sync_flags);
+       }
 
        /*
-        *      Insert the new entry into the list.
+        * align address and size on page boundaries
         */
+       size = (vm_map_round_page(address + size,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)) -
+           vm_map_trunc_page(address,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)));
+       address = vm_map_trunc_page(address,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
 
-       vm_map_entry_link(map, insp_entry, new_entry);
-       map->size += end - start;
-
-       /*
-        *      Update the free space hint and the lookup hint.
-        */
+       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_TASK;
+       }
 
-       SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(map, new_entry);
-       return new_entry;
-}
+       if (size == 0) {
+               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
 
-/*
- *     Routine:        vm_map_remap_extract
- *
- *     Descritpion:    This routine returns a vm_entry list from a map.
- */
-static kern_return_t
-vm_map_remap_extract(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         addr,
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       boolean_t               copy,
-       struct vm_map_header    *map_header,
-       vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
-       vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
-       /* What, no behavior? */
-       vm_inherit_t            inheritance,
-       boolean_t               pageable)
-{
-       kern_return_t           result;
-       vm_map_size_t           mapped_size;
-       vm_map_size_t           tmp_size;
-       vm_map_entry_t          src_entry;     /* result of last map lookup */
-       vm_map_entry_t          new_entry;
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset;
-       vm_map_offset_t         map_address;
-       vm_map_offset_t         src_start;     /* start of entry to map */
-       vm_map_offset_t         src_end;       /* end of region to be mapped */
-       vm_object_t             object;    
-       vm_map_version_t        version;
-       boolean_t               src_needs_copy;
-       boolean_t               new_entry_needs_copy;
+       amount_left = size;
 
-       assert(map != VM_MAP_NULL);
-       assert(size != 0 && size == vm_map_round_page(size));
-       assert(inheritance == VM_INHERIT_NONE ||
-              inheritance == VM_INHERIT_COPY ||
-              inheritance == VM_INHERIT_SHARE);
+       while (amount_left > 0) {
+               vm_object_size_t        flush_size;
+               vm_object_t             object;
 
-       /*
-        *      Compute start and end of region.
-        */
-       src_start = vm_map_trunc_page(addr);
-       src_end = vm_map_round_page(src_start + size);
+               vm_map_lock(map);
+               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map,
+                   address,
+                   &entry)) {
+                       vm_map_size_t   skip;
 
-       /*
-        *      Initialize map_header.
-        */
-       map_header->links.next = (struct vm_map_entry *)&map_header->links;
-       map_header->links.prev = (struct vm_map_entry *)&map_header->links;
-       map_header->nentries = 0;
-       map_header->entries_pageable = pageable;
+                       /*
+                        * hole in the address map.
+                        */
+                       had_hole = TRUE;
 
-       *cur_protection = VM_PROT_ALL;
-       *max_protection = VM_PROT_ALL;
+                       if (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_KILLPAGES) {
+                               /*
+                                * For VM_SYNC_KILLPAGES, there should be
+                                * no holes in the range, since we couldn't
+                                * prevent someone else from allocating in
+                                * that hole and we wouldn't want to "kill"
+                                * their pages.
+                                */
+                               vm_map_unlock(map);
+                               break;
+                       }
 
-       map_address = 0;
-       mapped_size = 0;
-       result = KERN_SUCCESS;
+                       /*
+                        * Check for empty map.
+                        */
+                       if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map) &&
+                           entry->vme_next == entry) {
+                               vm_map_unlock(map);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       /*
+                        * Check that we don't wrap and that
+                        * we have at least one real map entry.
+                        */
+                       if ((map->hdr.nentries == 0) ||
+                           (entry->vme_next->vme_start < address)) {
+                               vm_map_unlock(map);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       /*
+                        * Move up to the next entry if needed
+                        */
+                       skip = (entry->vme_next->vme_start - address);
+                       if (skip >= amount_left) {
+                               amount_left = 0;
+                       } else {
+                               amount_left -= skip;
+                       }
+                       address = entry->vme_next->vme_start;
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-       /*  
-        *      The specified source virtual space might correspond to
-        *      multiple map entries, need to loop on them.
-        */
-       vm_map_lock(map);
-       while (mapped_size != size) {
-               vm_map_size_t   entry_size;
+               offset = address - entry->vme_start;
+               pmap_offset = address;
 
                /*
-                *      Find the beginning of the region.
-                */ 
-               if (! vm_map_lookup_entry(map, src_start, &src_entry)) {
-                       result = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-                       break;
+                * do we have more to flush than is contained in this
+                * entry ?
+                */
+               if (amount_left + entry->vme_start + offset > entry->vme_end) {
+                       flush_size = entry->vme_end -
+                           (entry->vme_start + offset);
+               } else {
+                       flush_size = amount_left;
                }
+               amount_left -= flush_size;
+               address += flush_size;
 
-               if (src_start < src_entry->vme_start ||
-                   (mapped_size && src_start != src_entry->vme_start)) {
-                       result = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-                       break;
+               if (entry->is_sub_map == TRUE) {
+                       vm_map_t        local_map;
+                       vm_map_offset_t local_offset;
+
+                       local_map = VME_SUBMAP(entry);
+                       local_offset = VME_OFFSET(entry);
+                       vm_map_reference(local_map);
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       if (vm_map_msync(
+                                   local_map,
+                                   local_offset,
+                                   flush_size,
+                                   sync_flags) == KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
+                               had_hole = TRUE;
+                       }
+                       vm_map_deallocate(local_map);
+                       continue;
                }
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
 
-               tmp_size = size - mapped_size;
-               if (src_end > src_entry->vme_end)
-                       tmp_size -= (src_end - src_entry->vme_end);
+               /*
+                * We can't sync this object if the object has not been
+                * created yet
+                */
+               if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               offset += VME_OFFSET(entry);
 
-               entry_size = (vm_map_size_t)(src_entry->vme_end -
-                                            src_entry->vme_start);
+               vm_object_lock(object);
 
-               if(src_entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       vm_map_reference(src_entry->object.sub_map);
-                       object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
-               } else {
-                       object = src_entry->object.vm_object;
+               if (sync_flags & (VM_SYNC_KILLPAGES | VM_SYNC_DEACTIVATE)) {
+                       int kill_pages = 0;
+                       boolean_t reusable_pages = FALSE;
 
-                       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                               object = vm_object_allocate(entry_size);
-                               src_entry->offset = 0;
-                               src_entry->object.vm_object = object;
-                       } else if (object->copy_strategy !=
-                                  MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
+                       if (VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map) < PAGE_MASK) {
                                /*
-                                *      We are already using an asymmetric
-                                *      copy, and therefore we already have
-                                *      the right object.
+                                * This is a destructive operation and so we
+                                * err on the side of limiting the range of
+                                * the operation.
                                 */
-                               assert(!src_entry->needs_copy);
-                       } else if (src_entry->needs_copy || object->shadowed ||
-                                  (object->internal && !object->true_share &&
-                                   !src_entry->is_shared &&
-                                   object->size > entry_size)) {
-
-                               vm_object_shadow(&src_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                                &src_entry->offset,
-                                                entry_size);
-
-                               if (!src_entry->needs_copy &&
-                                   (src_entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
-                                       vm_prot_t prot;
+                               start_offset = vm_object_round_page(offset);
+                               end_offset = vm_object_trunc_page(offset + flush_size);
 
-                                       prot = src_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+                               if (end_offset <= start_offset) {
+                                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+                                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
 
-                                       if (override_nx(map, src_entry->alias) && prot)
-                                               prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                               pmap_offset += start_offset - offset;;
+                       } else {
+                               start_offset = offset;
+                               end_offset = offset + flush_size;
+                       }
 
-                                       if(map->mapped) {
-                                               vm_object_pmap_protect(
-                                                       src_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                                       src_entry->offset,
-                                                       entry_size,
-                                                       PMAP_NULL,
-                                                       src_entry->vme_start,
-                                                       prot);
-                                       } else {
-                                               pmap_protect(vm_map_pmap(map),
-                                                            src_entry->vme_start,
-                                                            src_entry->vme_end,
-                                                            prot);
+                       if (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_KILLPAGES) {
+                               if (((object->ref_count == 1) ||
+                                   ((object->copy_strategy !=
+                                   MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) &&
+                                   (object->copy == VM_OBJECT_NULL))) &&
+                                   (object->shadow == VM_OBJECT_NULL)) {
+                                       if (object->ref_count != 1) {
+                                               vm_page_stats_reusable.free_shared++;
                                        }
+                                       kill_pages = 1;
+                               } else {
+                                       kill_pages = -1;
                                }
-
-                               object = src_entry->object.vm_object;
-                               src_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
                        }
-
-
-                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                       vm_object_reference_locked(object); /* object ref. for new entry */
-                       if (object->copy_strategy == 
-                           MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
-                               object->copy_strategy = 
-                                       MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY;
+                       if (kill_pages != -1) {
+                               vm_object_deactivate_pages(
+                                       object,
+                                       start_offset,
+                                       (vm_object_size_t) (end_offset - start_offset),
+                                       kill_pages,
+                                       reusable_pages,
+                                       map->pmap,
+                                       pmap_offset);
                        }
                        vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       continue;
                }
-
-               offset = src_entry->offset + (src_start - src_entry->vme_start);
-
-               new_entry = _vm_map_entry_create(map_header);
-               vm_map_entry_copy(new_entry, src_entry);
-               new_entry->use_pmap = FALSE; /* clr address space specifics */
-
-               new_entry->vme_start = map_address;
-               new_entry->vme_end = map_address + tmp_size;
-               new_entry->inheritance = inheritance;
-               new_entry->offset = offset;
-
                /*
-                * The new region has to be copied now if required.
+                * We can't sync this object if there isn't a pager.
+                * Don't bother to sync internal objects, since there can't
+                * be any "permanent" storage for these objects anyway.
                 */
-       RestartCopy:
-               if (!copy) {
-                       src_entry->is_shared = TRUE;
-                       new_entry->is_shared = TRUE;
-                       if (!(new_entry->is_sub_map)) 
-                               new_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
+               if ((object->pager == MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL) ||
+                   (object->internal) || (object->private)) {
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               /*
+                * keep reference on the object until syncing is done
+                */
+               vm_object_reference_locked(object);
+               vm_object_unlock(object);
 
-               } else if (src_entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       /* make this a COW sub_map if not already */
-                       new_entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
-                       object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
-               } else if (src_entry->wired_count == 0 &&
-                          vm_object_copy_quickly(&new_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                                 new_entry->offset,
-                                                 (new_entry->vme_end -
-                                                  new_entry->vme_start),
-                                                 &src_needs_copy,
-                                                 &new_entry_needs_copy)) {
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
 
-                       new_entry->needs_copy = new_entry_needs_copy;
-                       new_entry->is_shared = FALSE;
+               if (VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map) < PAGE_MASK) {
+                       start_offset = vm_object_trunc_page(offset);
+                       end_offset = vm_object_round_page(offset + flush_size);
+               } else {
+                       start_offset = offset;
+                       end_offset = offset + flush_size;
+               }
 
+               do_sync_req = vm_object_sync(object,
+                   start_offset,
+                   (end_offset - start_offset),
+                   sync_flags & VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE,
+                   ((sync_flags & VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS) ||
+                   (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS)),
+                   sync_flags & VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS);
+
+               if ((sync_flags & VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE) && object->resident_page_count == 0) {
                        /*
-                        * Handle copy_on_write semantics.
+                        * clear out the clustering and read-ahead hints
                         */
-                       if (src_needs_copy && !src_entry->needs_copy) {
-                               vm_prot_t prot;
+                       vm_object_lock(object);
 
-                               prot = src_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
+                       object->pages_created = 0;
+                       object->pages_used = 0;
+                       object->sequential = 0;
+                       object->last_alloc = 0;
 
-                               if (override_nx(map, src_entry->alias) && prot)
-                                       prot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+               }
+               vm_object_deallocate(object);
+       } /* while */
 
-                               vm_object_pmap_protect(object,
-                                                      offset,
-                                                      entry_size,
-                                                      ((src_entry->is_shared 
-                                                        || map->mapped) ?
-                                                       PMAP_NULL : map->pmap),
-                                                      src_entry->vme_start,
-                                                      prot);
+       /* for proper msync() behaviour */
+       if (had_hole == TRUE && (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_CONTIGUOUS)) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
 
-                               src_entry->needs_copy = TRUE;
-                       }
-                       /*
-                        * Throw away the old object reference of the new entry.
-                        */
-                       vm_object_deallocate(object);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}/* vm_msync */
 
-               } else {
-                       new_entry->is_shared = FALSE;
+kern_return_t
+vm_named_entry_from_vm_object(
+       vm_named_entry_t        named_entry,
+       vm_object_t             object,
+       vm_object_offset_t      offset,
+       vm_object_size_t        size,
+       vm_prot_t               prot)
+{
+       vm_map_copy_t copy;
+       vm_map_entry_t copy_entry;
 
-                       /*
-                        * The map can be safely unlocked since we
-                        * already hold a reference on the object.
-                        *
-                        * Record the timestamp of the map for later
-                        * verification, and unlock the map.
-                        */
-                       version.main_timestamp = map->timestamp;
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);     /* Increments timestamp once! */
+       assert(!named_entry->is_sub_map);
+       assert(!named_entry->is_copy);
+       assert(!named_entry->is_object);
+       assert(!named_entry->internal);
+       assert(named_entry->backing.copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL);
 
-                       /*
-                        * Perform the copy.
-                        */
-                       if (src_entry->wired_count > 0) {
-                               vm_object_lock(object);
-                               result = vm_object_copy_slowly(
-                                       object,
-                                       offset,
-                                       entry_size,
-                                       THREAD_UNINT,
-                                       &new_entry->object.vm_object);
+       copy = vm_map_copy_allocate();
+       copy->type = VM_MAP_COPY_ENTRY_LIST;
+       copy->offset = offset;
+       copy->size = size;
+       copy->cpy_hdr.page_shift = PAGE_SHIFT;
+       vm_map_store_init(&copy->cpy_hdr);
+
+       copy_entry = vm_map_copy_entry_create(copy, FALSE);
+       copy_entry->protection = prot;
+       copy_entry->max_protection = prot;
+       copy_entry->use_pmap = TRUE;
+       copy_entry->vme_start = VM_MAP_TRUNC_PAGE(offset, PAGE_MASK);
+       copy_entry->vme_end = VM_MAP_ROUND_PAGE(offset + size, PAGE_MASK);
+       VME_OBJECT_SET(copy_entry, object);
+       VME_OFFSET_SET(copy_entry, vm_object_trunc_page(offset));
+       vm_map_copy_entry_link(copy, vm_map_copy_last_entry(copy), copy_entry);
+
+       named_entry->backing.copy = copy;
+       named_entry->is_object = TRUE;
+       if (object->internal) {
+               named_entry->internal = TRUE;
+       }
 
-                               new_entry->offset = 0;
-                               new_entry->needs_copy = FALSE;
-                       } else {
-                               result = vm_object_copy_strategically(
-                                       object,
-                                       offset,
-                                       entry_size,
-                                       &new_entry->object.vm_object,
-                                       &new_entry->offset,
-                                       &new_entry_needs_copy);
+       DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("named_entry %p copy %p object %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x\n", named_entry, copy, object, offset, size, prot);
 
-                               new_entry->needs_copy = new_entry_needs_copy;
-                       }
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
 
-                       /*
-                        * Throw away the old object reference of the new entry.
-                        */
-                       vm_object_deallocate(object);
+vm_object_t
+vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(
+       vm_named_entry_t named_entry)
+{
+       vm_map_copy_t   copy;
+       vm_map_entry_t  copy_entry;
+       vm_object_t     object;
+
+       assert(!named_entry->is_sub_map);
+       assert(!named_entry->is_copy);
+       assert(named_entry->is_object);
+       copy = named_entry->backing.copy;
+       assert(copy != VM_MAP_COPY_NULL);
+       assert(copy->cpy_hdr.nentries == 1);
+       copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
+       assert(!copy_entry->is_sub_map);
+       object = VME_OBJECT(copy_entry);
+
+       DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("%p -> %p -> %p [0x%llx 0x%llx 0x%llx 0x%x/0x%x ] -> %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x\n", named_entry, copy, copy_entry, (uint64_t)copy_entry->vme_start, (uint64_t)copy_entry->vme_end, copy_entry->vme_offset, copy_entry->protection, copy_entry->max_protection, object, named_entry->offset, named_entry->size, named_entry->protection);
 
-                       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS &&
-                           result != KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
-                               _vm_map_entry_dispose(map_header, new_entry);
-                               break;
-                       }
+       return object;
+}
 
-                       /*
-                        * Verify that the map has not substantially
-                        * changed while the copy was being made.
-                        */
+/*
+ *     Routine:        convert_port_entry_to_map
+ *     Purpose:
+ *             Convert from a port specifying an entry or a task
+ *             to a map. Doesn't consume the port ref; produces a map ref,
+ *             which may be null.  Unlike convert_port_to_map, the
+ *             port may be task or a named entry backed.
+ *     Conditions:
+ *             Nothing locked.
+ */
 
-                       vm_map_lock(map);
-                       if (version.main_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
-                               /*
-                                * Simple version comparison failed.
-                                *
-                                * Retry the lookup and verify that the
-                                * same object/offset are still present.
-                                */
-                               vm_object_deallocate(new_entry->
-                                                    object.vm_object);
-                               _vm_map_entry_dispose(map_header, new_entry);
-                               if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY)
-                                       result = KERN_SUCCESS;
-                               continue;
-                       }
 
-                       if (result == KERN_MEMORY_RESTART_COPY) {
-                               vm_object_reference(object);
-                               goto RestartCopy;
+vm_map_t
+convert_port_entry_to_map(
+       ipc_port_t      port)
+{
+       vm_map_t map;
+       vm_named_entry_t        named_entry;
+       uint32_t        try_failed_count = 0;
+
+       if (IP_VALID(port) && (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY)) {
+               while (TRUE) {
+                       ip_lock(port);
+                       if (ip_active(port) && (ip_kotype(port)
+                           == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY)) {
+                               named_entry =
+                                   (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(port);
+                               if (!(lck_mtx_try_lock(&(named_entry)->Lock))) {
+                                       ip_unlock(port);
+
+                                       try_failed_count++;
+                                       mutex_pause(try_failed_count);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               named_entry->ref_count++;
+                               lck_mtx_unlock(&(named_entry)->Lock);
+                               ip_unlock(port);
+                               if ((named_entry->is_sub_map) &&
+                                   (named_entry->protection
+                                   & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
+                                       map = named_entry->backing.map;
+                                       if (map->pmap != PMAP_NULL) {
+                                               if (map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
+                                                       panic("userspace has access "
+                                                           "to a kernel map %p", map);
+                                               }
+                                               pmap_require(map->pmap);
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       mach_destroy_memory_entry(port);
+                                       return VM_MAP_NULL;
+                               }
+                               vm_map_reference(map);
+                               mach_destroy_memory_entry(port);
+                               break;
+                       } else {
+                               return VM_MAP_NULL;
                        }
                }
+       } else {
+               map = convert_port_to_map(port);
+       }
 
-               _vm_map_entry_link(map_header,
-                                  map_header->links.prev, new_entry);
-
-               *cur_protection &= src_entry->protection;
-               *max_protection &= src_entry->max_protection;
+       return map;
+}
 
-               map_address += tmp_size;
-               mapped_size += tmp_size;
-               src_start += tmp_size;
+/*
+ *     Routine:        convert_port_entry_to_object
+ *     Purpose:
+ *             Convert from a port specifying a named entry to an
+ *             object. Doesn't consume the port ref; produces a map ref,
+ *             which may be null.
+ *     Conditions:
+ *             Nothing locked.
+ */
 
-       } /* end while */
 
-       vm_map_unlock(map);
-       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-               /*
-                * Free all allocated elements.
-                */
-               for (src_entry = map_header->links.next;
-                    src_entry != (struct vm_map_entry *)&map_header->links;
-                    src_entry = new_entry) {
-                       new_entry = src_entry->vme_next;
-                       _vm_map_entry_unlink(map_header, src_entry);
-                       vm_object_deallocate(src_entry->object.vm_object);
-                       _vm_map_entry_dispose(map_header, src_entry);
+vm_object_t
+convert_port_entry_to_object(
+       ipc_port_t      port)
+{
+       vm_object_t             object = VM_OBJECT_NULL;
+       vm_named_entry_t        named_entry;
+       uint32_t                try_failed_count = 0;
+
+       if (IP_VALID(port) &&
+           (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY)) {
+try_again:
+               ip_lock(port);
+               if (ip_active(port) &&
+                   (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY)) {
+                       named_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(port);
+                       if (!(lck_mtx_try_lock(&(named_entry)->Lock))) {
+                               ip_unlock(port);
+                               try_failed_count++;
+                               mutex_pause(try_failed_count);
+                               goto try_again;
+                       }
+                       named_entry->ref_count++;
+                       lck_mtx_unlock(&(named_entry)->Lock);
+                       ip_unlock(port);
+                       if (!(named_entry->is_sub_map) &&
+                           !(named_entry->is_copy) &&
+                           (named_entry->is_object) &&
+                           (named_entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
+                               vm_map_copy_t copy;
+                               vm_map_entry_t copy_entry;
+
+                               copy = named_entry->backing.copy;
+                               assert(copy->cpy_hdr.nentries == 1);
+                               copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
+                               assert(!copy_entry->is_sub_map);
+                               object = VME_OBJECT(copy_entry);
+                               assert(object != VM_OBJECT_NULL);
+                               vm_object_reference(object);
+                       }
+                       mach_destroy_memory_entry(port);
                }
        }
-       return result;
+
+       return object;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Export routines to other components for the things we access locally through
+ * macros.
+ */
+#undef current_map
+vm_map_t
+current_map(void)
+{
+       return current_map_fast();
 }
 
 /*
- *     Routine:        vm_remap
+ *     vm_map_reference:
  *
- *                     Map portion of a task's address space.
- *                     Mapped region must not overlap more than
- *                     one vm memory object. Protections and
- *                     inheritance attributes remain the same
- *                     as in the original task and are out parameters.
- *                     Source and Target task can be identical
- *                     Other attributes are identical as for vm_map()
+ *     Takes a reference on the specified map.
  */
-kern_return_t
-vm_map_remap(
-       vm_map_t                target_map,
-       vm_map_address_t        *address,
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
-       boolean_t               anywhere,
-       vm_map_t                src_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         memory_address,
-       boolean_t               copy,
-       vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
-       vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
-       vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
-{
-       kern_return_t           result;
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
-       vm_map_entry_t          insp_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
-       vm_map_entry_t          new_entry;
-       struct vm_map_header    map_header;
-
-       if (target_map == VM_MAP_NULL)
-               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+void
+vm_map_reference(
+       vm_map_t        map)
+{
+       if (__probable(map != VM_MAP_NULL)) {
+               vm_map_require(map);
+               os_ref_retain(&map->map_refcnt);
+       }
+}
 
-       switch (inheritance) {
-       case VM_INHERIT_NONE:
-       case VM_INHERIT_COPY:
-       case VM_INHERIT_SHARE:
-               if (size != 0 && src_map != VM_MAP_NULL)
-                       break;
-               /*FALL THRU*/
-       default:
-               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+/*
+ *     vm_map_deallocate:
+ *
+ *     Removes a reference from the specified map,
+ *     destroying it if no references remain.
+ *     The map should not be locked.
+ */
+void
+vm_map_deallocate(
+       vm_map_t        map)
+{
+       if (__probable(map != VM_MAP_NULL)) {
+               vm_map_require(map);
+               if (os_ref_release(&map->map_refcnt) == 0) {
+                       vm_map_destroy(map, VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_FLAGS);
+               }
        }
+}
+
+void
+vm_map_inspect_deallocate(
+       vm_map_inspect_t      map)
+{
+       vm_map_deallocate((vm_map_t)map);
+}
 
-       size = vm_map_round_page(size);
+void
+vm_map_read_deallocate(
+       vm_map_read_t      map)
+{
+       vm_map_deallocate((vm_map_t)map);
+}
 
-       result = vm_map_remap_extract(src_map, memory_address,
-                                     size, copy, &map_header,
-                                     cur_protection,
-                                     max_protection,
-                                     inheritance,
-                                     target_map->hdr.
-                                     entries_pageable);
 
-       if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-               return result;
+void
+vm_map_disable_NX(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       if (map == NULL) {
+               return;
+       }
+       if (map->pmap == NULL) {
+               return;
        }
 
-       /*
-        * Allocate/check a range of free virtual address
-        * space for the target
-        */
-       *address = vm_map_trunc_page(*address);
-       vm_map_lock(target_map);
-       result = vm_map_remap_range_allocate(target_map, address, size,
-                                            mask, anywhere, &insp_entry);
+       pmap_disable_NX(map->pmap);
+}
 
-       for (entry = map_header.links.next;
-            entry != (struct vm_map_entry *)&map_header.links;
-            entry = new_entry) {
-               new_entry = entry->vme_next;
-               _vm_map_entry_unlink(&map_header, entry);
-               if (result == KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                       entry->vme_start += *address;
-                       entry->vme_end += *address;
-                       vm_map_entry_link(target_map, insp_entry, entry);
-                       insp_entry = entry;
-               } else {
-                       if (!entry->is_sub_map) {
-                               vm_object_deallocate(entry->object.vm_object);
-                       } else {
-                               vm_map_deallocate(entry->object.sub_map);
-                       }
-                       _vm_map_entry_dispose(&map_header, entry);
-               }
+void
+vm_map_disallow_data_exec(vm_map_t map)
+{
+       if (map == NULL) {
+               return;
        }
 
-       if (result == KERN_SUCCESS) {
-               target_map->size += size;
-               SAVE_HINT_MAP_WRITE(target_map, insp_entry);
-       }
-       vm_map_unlock(target_map);
+       map->map_disallow_data_exec = TRUE;
+}
 
-       if (result == KERN_SUCCESS && target_map->wiring_required)
-               result = vm_map_wire(target_map, *address,
-                                    *address + size, *cur_protection, TRUE);
-       return result;
+/* XXX Consider making these constants (VM_MAX_ADDRESS and MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS)
+ * more descriptive.
+ */
+void
+vm_map_set_32bit(vm_map_t map)
+{
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
+       map->max_offset = pmap_max_offset(FALSE, ARM_PMAP_MAX_OFFSET_DEVICE);
+#else
+       map->max_offset = (vm_map_offset_t)VM_MAX_ADDRESS;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void
+vm_map_set_64bit(vm_map_t map)
+{
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
+       map->max_offset = pmap_max_offset(TRUE, ARM_PMAP_MAX_OFFSET_DEVICE);
+#else
+       map->max_offset = (vm_map_offset_t)MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS;
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
- *     Routine:        vm_map_remap_range_allocate
- *
- *     Description:
- *             Allocate a range in the specified virtual address map.
- *             returns the address and the map entry just before the allocated
- *             range
- *
- *     Map must be locked.
+ * Expand the maximum size of an existing map to the maximum supported.
  */
+void
+vm_map_set_jumbo(vm_map_t map)
+{
+#if defined (__arm64__) && !defined(CONFIG_ARROW)
+       vm_map_set_max_addr(map, ~0);
+#else /* arm64 */
+       (void) map;
+#endif
+}
 
-static kern_return_t
-vm_map_remap_range_allocate(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_address_t        *address,       /* IN/OUT */
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       vm_map_offset_t         mask,
-       boolean_t               anywhere,
-       vm_map_entry_t          *map_entry)     /* OUT */
+/*
+ * This map has a JIT entitlement
+ */
+void
+vm_map_set_jit_entitled(vm_map_t map)
 {
-       register vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       register vm_map_offset_t        start;
-       register vm_map_offset_t        end;
+#if defined (__arm64__)
+       pmap_set_jit_entitled(map->pmap);
+#else /* arm64 */
+       (void) map;
+#endif
+}
 
-StartAgain: ;
+/*
+ * Expand the maximum size of an existing map.
+ */
+void
+vm_map_set_max_addr(vm_map_t map, vm_map_offset_t new_max_offset)
+{
+#if defined(__arm64__)
+       vm_map_offset_t max_supported_offset = 0;
+       vm_map_offset_t old_max_offset = map->max_offset;
+       max_supported_offset = pmap_max_offset(vm_map_is_64bit(map), ARM_PMAP_MAX_OFFSET_JUMBO);
 
-       start = *address;
+       new_max_offset = trunc_page(new_max_offset);
 
-       if (anywhere)
-       {
-               /*
-                *      Calculate the first possible address.
-                */
+       /* The address space cannot be shrunk using this routine. */
+       if (old_max_offset >= new_max_offset) {
+               return;
+       }
 
-               if (start < map->min_offset)
-                       start = map->min_offset;
-               if (start > map->max_offset)
-                       return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
-               
+       if (max_supported_offset < new_max_offset) {
+               new_max_offset = max_supported_offset;
+       }
+
+       map->max_offset = new_max_offset;
+
+       if (map->holes_list->prev->vme_end == old_max_offset) {
                /*
-                *      Look for the first possible address;
-                *      if there's already something at this
-                *      address, we have to start after it.
+                * There is already a hole at the end of the map; simply make it bigger.
                 */
-
-               assert(first_free_is_valid(map));
-               if (start == map->min_offset) {
-                       if ((entry = map->first_free) != vm_map_to_entry(map))
-                               start = entry->vme_end;
-               } else {
-                       vm_map_entry_t  tmp_entry;
-                       if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry))
-                               start = tmp_entry->vme_end;
-                       entry = tmp_entry;
-               }
-               
+               map->holes_list->prev->vme_end = map->max_offset;
+       } else {
                /*
-                *      In any case, the "entry" always precedes
-                *      the proposed new region throughout the
-                *      loop:
+                * There is no hole at the end, so we need to create a new hole
+                * for the new empty space we're creating.
                 */
+               struct vm_map_links *new_hole = zalloc(vm_map_holes_zone);
+               new_hole->start = old_max_offset;
+               new_hole->end = map->max_offset;
+               new_hole->prev = map->holes_list->prev;
+               new_hole->next = (struct vm_map_entry *)map->holes_list;
+               map->holes_list->prev->links.next = (struct vm_map_entry *)new_hole;
+               map->holes_list->prev = (struct vm_map_entry *)new_hole;
+       }
+#else
+       (void)map;
+       (void)new_max_offset;
+#endif
+}
 
-               while (TRUE) {
-                       register vm_map_entry_t next;
-
-                       /*
-                        *      Find the end of the proposed new region.
-                        *      Be sure we didn't go beyond the end, or
-                        *      wrap around the address.
-                        */
+vm_map_offset_t
+vm_compute_max_offset(boolean_t is64)
+{
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__)
+       return pmap_max_offset(is64, ARM_PMAP_MAX_OFFSET_DEVICE);
+#else
+       return is64 ? (vm_map_offset_t)MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS : (vm_map_offset_t)VM_MAX_ADDRESS;
+#endif
+}
 
-                       end = ((start + mask) & ~mask);
-                       if (end < start)
-                               return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
-                       start = end;
-                       end += size;
+void
+vm_map_get_max_aslr_slide_section(
+       vm_map_t                map __unused,
+       int64_t                 *max_sections,
+       int64_t                 *section_size)
+{
+#if defined(__arm64__)
+       *max_sections = 3;
+       *section_size = ARM_TT_TWIG_SIZE;
+#else
+       *max_sections = 1;
+       *section_size = 0;
+#endif
+}
 
-                       if ((end > map->max_offset) || (end < start)) {
-                               if (map->wait_for_space) {
-                                       if (size <= (map->max_offset -
-                                                    map->min_offset)) {
-                                               assert_wait((event_t) map, THREAD_INTERRUPTIBLE);
-                                               vm_map_unlock(map);
-                                               thread_block(THREAD_CONTINUE_NULL);
-                                               vm_map_lock(map);
-                                               goto StartAgain;
-                                       }
-                               }
-               
-                               return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
-                       }
+uint64_t
+vm_map_get_max_aslr_slide_pages(vm_map_t map)
+{
+#if defined(__arm64__)
+       /* Limit arm64 slide to 16MB to conserve contiguous VA space in the more
+        * limited embedded address space; this is also meant to minimize pmap
+        * memory usage on 16KB page systems.
+        */
+       return 1 << (24 - VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map));
+#else
+       return 1 << (vm_map_is_64bit(map) ? 16 : 8);
+#endif
+}
 
-                       /*
-                        *      If there are no more entries, we must win.
-                        */
+uint64_t
+vm_map_get_max_loader_aslr_slide_pages(vm_map_t map)
+{
+#if defined(__arm64__)
+       /* We limit the loader slide to 4MB, in order to ensure at least 8 bits
+        * of independent entropy on 16KB page systems.
+        */
+       return 1 << (22 - VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map));
+#else
+       return 1 << (vm_map_is_64bit(map) ? 16 : 8);
+#endif
+}
 
-                       next = entry->vme_next;
-                       if (next == vm_map_to_entry(map))
-                               break;
+#ifndef __arm__
+boolean_t
+vm_map_is_64bit(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       return map->max_offset > ((vm_map_offset_t)VM_MAX_ADDRESS);
+}
+#endif
 
-                       /*
-                        *      If there is another entry, it must be
-                        *      after the end of the potential new region.
-                        */
+boolean_t
+vm_map_has_hard_pagezero(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t pagezero_size)
+{
+       /*
+        * XXX FBDP
+        * We should lock the VM map (for read) here but we can get away
+        * with it for now because there can't really be any race condition:
+        * the VM map's min_offset is changed only when the VM map is created
+        * and when the zero page is established (when the binary gets loaded),
+        * and this routine gets called only when the task terminates and the
+        * VM map is being torn down, and when a new map is created via
+        * load_machfile()/execve().
+        */
+       return map->min_offset >= pagezero_size;
+}
 
-                       if (next->vme_start >= end)
-                               break;
+/*
+ * Raise a VM map's maximun offset.
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_raise_max_offset(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t new_max_offset)
+{
+       kern_return_t   ret;
 
-                       /*
-                        *      Didn't fit -- move to the next entry.
-                        */
+       vm_map_lock(map);
+       ret = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
 
-                       entry = next;
-                       start = entry->vme_end;
+       if (new_max_offset >= map->max_offset) {
+               if (!vm_map_is_64bit(map)) {
+                       if (new_max_offset <= (vm_map_offset_t)VM_MAX_ADDRESS) {
+                               map->max_offset = new_max_offset;
+                               ret = KERN_SUCCESS;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (new_max_offset <= (vm_map_offset_t)MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS) {
+                               map->max_offset = new_max_offset;
+                               ret = KERN_SUCCESS;
+                       }
                }
-               *address = start;
-       } else {
-               vm_map_entry_t          temp_entry;
-       
-               /*
-                *      Verify that:
-                *              the address doesn't itself violate
-                *              the mask requirement.
-                */
+       }
+
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Raise a VM map's minimum offset.
+ * To strictly enforce "page zero" reservation.
+ */
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_raise_min_offset(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t new_min_offset)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  first_entry;
 
-               if ((start & mask) != 0)
-                       return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+       new_min_offset = vm_map_round_page(new_min_offset,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
 
+       vm_map_lock(map);
 
+       if (new_min_offset < map->min_offset) {
                /*
-                *      ...     the address is within bounds
+                * Can't move min_offset backwards, as that would expose
+                * a part of the address space that was previously, and for
+                * possibly good reasons, inaccessible.
                 */
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
+       if (new_min_offset >= map->max_offset) {
+               /* can't go beyond the end of the address space */
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
 
-               end = start + size;
-
-               if ((start < map->min_offset) ||
-                   (end > map->max_offset) ||
-                   (start >= end)) {
-                       return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
-               }
-
+       first_entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+       if (first_entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) &&
+           first_entry->vme_start < new_min_offset) {
                /*
-                *      ...     the starting address isn't allocated
+                * Some memory was already allocated below the new
+                * minimun offset.  It's too late to change it now...
                 */
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+               return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+       }
 
-               if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &temp_entry))
-                       return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
+       map->min_offset = new_min_offset;
 
-               entry = temp_entry;
+       assert(map->holes_list);
+       map->holes_list->start = new_min_offset;
+       assert(new_min_offset < map->holes_list->end);
 
-               /*
-                *      ...     the next region doesn't overlap the
-                *              end point.
-                */
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
 
-               if ((entry->vme_next != vm_map_to_entry(map)) &&
-                   (entry->vme_next->vme_start < end))
-                       return(KERN_NO_SPACE);
-       }
-       *map_entry = entry;
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 /*
- *     vm_map_switch:
- *
- *     Set the address map for the current thread to the specified map
+ * Set the limit on the maximum amount of user wired memory allowed for this map.
+ * This is basically a copy of the MEMLOCK rlimit value maintained by the BSD side of
+ * the kernel.  The limits are checked in the mach VM side, so we keep a copy so we
+ * don't have to reach over to the BSD data structures.
  */
 
-vm_map_t
-vm_map_switch(
-       vm_map_t        map)
+void
+vm_map_set_user_wire_limit(vm_map_t     map,
+    vm_size_t    limit)
 {
-       int             mycpu;
-       thread_t        thread = current_thread();
-       vm_map_t        oldmap = thread->map;
-
-       mp_disable_preemption();
-       mycpu = cpu_number();
+       map->user_wire_limit = limit;
+}
 
-       /*
-        *      Deactivate the current map and activate the requested map
-        */
-       PMAP_SWITCH_USER(thread, map, mycpu);
 
-       mp_enable_preemption();
-       return(oldmap);
+void
+vm_map_switch_protect(vm_map_t     map,
+    boolean_t    val)
+{
+       vm_map_lock(map);
+       map->switch_protect = val;
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
 }
 
+extern int cs_process_enforcement_enable;
+boolean_t
+vm_map_cs_enforcement(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       if (cs_process_enforcement_enable) {
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+       return map->cs_enforcement;
+}
 
-/*
- *     Routine:        vm_map_write_user
- *
- *     Description:
- *             Copy out data from a kernel space into space in the
- *             destination map. The space must already exist in the
- *             destination map.
- *             NOTE:  This routine should only be called by threads
- *             which can block on a page fault. i.e. kernel mode user
- *             threads.
- *
- */
 kern_return_t
-vm_map_write_user(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       void                    *src_p,
-       vm_map_address_t        dst_addr,
-       vm_size_t               size)
+vm_map_cs_wx_enable(
+       vm_map_t map)
 {
-       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
-
-       if(current_map() == map) {
-               if (copyout(src_p, dst_addr, size)) {
-                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-               }
-       } else {
-               vm_map_t        oldmap;
-
-               /* take on the identity of the target map while doing */
-               /* the transfer */
+       return pmap_cs_allow_invalid(vm_map_pmap(map));
+}
 
-               vm_map_reference(map);
-               oldmap = vm_map_switch(map);
-               if (copyout(src_p, dst_addr, size)) {
-                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-               }
-               vm_map_switch(oldmap);
-               vm_map_deallocate(map);
-       }
-       return kr;
+void
+vm_map_cs_enforcement_set(
+       vm_map_t map,
+       boolean_t val)
+{
+       vm_map_lock(map);
+       map->cs_enforcement = val;
+       pmap_set_vm_map_cs_enforced(map->pmap, val);
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
 }
 
 /*
- *     Routine:        vm_map_read_user
- *
- *     Description:
- *             Copy in data from a user space source map into the
- *             kernel map. The space must already exist in the
- *             kernel map.
- *             NOTE:  This routine should only be called by threads
- *             which can block on a page fault. i.e. kernel mode user
- *             threads.
- *
+ * IOKit has mapped a region into this map; adjust the pmap's ledgers appropriately.
+ * phys_footprint is a composite limit consisting of iokit + physmem, so we need to
+ * bump both counters.
  */
-kern_return_t
-vm_map_read_user(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_address_t        src_addr,
-       void                    *dst_p,
-       vm_size_t               size)
+void
+vm_map_iokit_mapped_region(vm_map_t map, vm_size_t bytes)
 {
-       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       pmap_t pmap = vm_map_pmap(map);
 
-       if(current_map() == map) {
-               if (copyin(src_addr, dst_p, size)) {
-                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-               }
-       } else {
-               vm_map_t        oldmap;
+       ledger_credit(pmap->ledger, task_ledgers.iokit_mapped, bytes);
+       ledger_credit(pmap->ledger, task_ledgers.phys_footprint, bytes);
+}
 
-               /* take on the identity of the target map while doing */
-               /* the transfer */
+void
+vm_map_iokit_unmapped_region(vm_map_t map, vm_size_t bytes)
+{
+       pmap_t pmap = vm_map_pmap(map);
 
-               vm_map_reference(map);
-               oldmap = vm_map_switch(map);
-               if (copyin(src_addr, dst_p, size)) {
-                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-               }
-               vm_map_switch(oldmap);
-               vm_map_deallocate(map);
-       }
-       return kr;
+       ledger_debit(pmap->ledger, task_ledgers.iokit_mapped, bytes);
+       ledger_debit(pmap->ledger, task_ledgers.phys_footprint, bytes);
 }
 
-
-/*
- *     vm_map_check_protection:
- *
- *     Assert that the target map allows the specified
- *     privilege on the entire address region given.
- *     The entire region must be allocated.
- */
-boolean_t
-vm_map_check_protection(vm_map_t map, vm_map_offset_t start,
-                       vm_map_offset_t end, vm_prot_t protection)
+/* Add (generate) code signature for memory range */
+#if CONFIG_DYNAMIC_CODE_SIGNING
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_sign(vm_map_t map,
+    vm_map_offset_t start,
+    vm_map_offset_t end)
 {
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       vm_map_entry_t tmp_entry;
-
-       vm_map_lock(map);
-
-       if (start < vm_map_min(map) || end > vm_map_max(map) || start > end)
-       {
-               vm_map_unlock(map);
-               return (FALSE);
-       }
+       vm_page_t m;
+       vm_object_t object;
 
-       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
-               vm_map_unlock(map);
-               return(FALSE);
+       /*
+        * Vet all the input parameters and current type and state of the
+        * underlaying object.  Return with an error if anything is amiss.
+        */
+       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
 
-       entry = tmp_entry;
-
-       while (start < end) {
-               if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map)) {
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       return(FALSE);
-               }
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
 
+       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry) || entry->is_sub_map) {
                /*
-                *      No holes allowed!
+                * Must pass a valid non-submap address.
                 */
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+       }
 
-               if (start < entry->vme_start) {
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       return(FALSE);
-               }
+       if ((entry->vme_start > start) || (entry->vme_end < end)) {
+               /*
+                * Map entry doesn't cover the requested range. Not handling
+                * this situation currently.
+                */
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
+       object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                /*
-                * Check protection associated with entry.
+                * Object must already be present or we can't sign.
                 */
+               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
 
-               if ((entry->protection & protection) != protection) {
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       return(FALSE);
+       vm_object_lock(object);
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+
+       while (start < end) {
+               uint32_t refmod;
+
+               m = vm_page_lookup(object,
+                   start - entry->vme_start + VME_OFFSET(entry));
+               if (m == VM_PAGE_NULL) {
+                       /* shoud we try to fault a page here? we can probably
+                        * demand it exists and is locked for this request */
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       return KERN_FAILURE;
+               }
+               /* deal with special page status */
+               if (m->vmp_busy ||
+                   (m->vmp_unusual && (m->vmp_error || m->vmp_restart || m->vmp_private || m->vmp_absent))) {
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+                       return KERN_FAILURE;
                }
 
-               /* go to next entry */
+               /* Page is OK... now "validate" it */
+               /* This is the place where we'll call out to create a code
+                * directory, later */
+               /* XXX TODO4K: deal with 4k subpages individually? */
+               m->vmp_cs_validated = VMP_CS_ALL_TRUE;
 
-               start = entry->vme_end;
-               entry = entry->vme_next;
+               /* The page is now "clean" for codesigning purposes. That means
+                * we don't consider it as modified (wpmapped) anymore. But
+                * we'll disconnect the page so we note any future modification
+                * attempts. */
+               m->vmp_wpmapped = FALSE;
+               refmod = pmap_disconnect(VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(m));
+
+               /* Pull the dirty status from the pmap, since we cleared the
+                * wpmapped bit */
+               if ((refmod & VM_MEM_MODIFIED) && !m->vmp_dirty) {
+                       SET_PAGE_DIRTY(m, FALSE);
+               }
+
+               /* On to the next page */
+               start += PAGE_SIZE;
        }
-       vm_map_unlock(map);
-       return(TRUE);
+       vm_object_unlock(object);
+
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
+#endif
 
 kern_return_t
-vm_map_purgable_control(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         address,
-       vm_purgable_t           control,
-       int                     *state)
+vm_map_partial_reap(vm_map_t map, unsigned int *reclaimed_resident, unsigned int *reclaimed_compressed)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
-       vm_object_t             object;
-       kern_return_t           kr;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+       vm_map_entry_t next_entry;
+       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       vm_map_t        zap_map;
+
+       vm_map_lock(map);
 
        /*
-        * Vet all the input parameters and current type and state of the
-        * underlaying object.  Return with an error if anything is amiss.
+        * We use a "zap_map" to avoid having to unlock
+        * the "map" in vm_map_delete().
         */
-       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL)
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+       zap_map = vm_map_create(PMAP_NULL,
+           map->min_offset,
+           map->max_offset,
+           map->hdr.entries_pageable);
 
-       if (control != VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE &&
-           control != VM_PURGABLE_GET_STATE &&
-           control != VM_PURGABLE_PURGE_ALL)
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+       if (zap_map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               return KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
+       }
 
-       if (control == VM_PURGABLE_PURGE_ALL) {
-               vm_purgeable_object_purge_all();
-               return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       vm_map_set_page_shift(zap_map,
+           VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map));
+       vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(zap_map);
+
+       for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+           entry != vm_map_to_entry(map);
+           entry = next_entry) {
+               next_entry = entry->vme_next;
+
+               if (VME_OBJECT(entry) &&
+                   !entry->is_sub_map &&
+                   (VME_OBJECT(entry)->internal == TRUE) &&
+                   (VME_OBJECT(entry)->ref_count == 1)) {
+                       *reclaimed_resident += VME_OBJECT(entry)->resident_page_count;
+                       *reclaimed_compressed += vm_compressor_pager_get_count(VME_OBJECT(entry)->pager);
+
+                       (void)vm_map_delete(map,
+                           entry->vme_start,
+                           entry->vme_end,
+                           VM_MAP_REMOVE_SAVE_ENTRIES,
+                           zap_map);
+               }
        }
 
-       if (control == VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE &&
-           (((*state & ~(VM_PURGABLE_ALL_MASKS)) != 0) ||
-            ((*state & VM_PURGABLE_STATE_MASK) > VM_PURGABLE_STATE_MASK)))
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
 
-       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       /*
+        * Get rid of the "zap_maps" and all the map entries that
+        * they may still contain.
+        */
+       if (zap_map != VM_MAP_NULL) {
+               vm_map_destroy(zap_map, VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_PMAP_CLEANUP);
+               zap_map = VM_MAP_NULL;
+       }
+
+       return kr;
+}
+
+
+#if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
+
+int
+vm_map_disconnect_page_mappings(
+       vm_map_t map,
+       boolean_t do_unnest)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t entry;
+       int     page_count = 0;
 
-       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, address, &entry) || entry->is_sub_map) {
+       if (do_unnest == TRUE) {
+#ifndef NO_NESTED_PMAP
+               vm_map_lock(map);
 
-               /*
-                * Must pass a valid non-submap address.
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+                   entry != vm_map_to_entry(map);
+                   entry = entry->vme_next) {
+                       if (entry->is_sub_map && entry->use_pmap) {
+                               /*
+                                * Make sure the range between the start of this entry and
+                                * the end of this entry is no longer nested, so that
+                                * we will only remove mappings from the pmap in use by this
+                                * this task
+                                */
+                               vm_map_clip_unnest(map, entry, entry->vme_start, entry->vme_end);
+                       }
+               }
+               vm_map_unlock(map);
+#endif
        }
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
 
-       if ((entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
-               /*
-                * Can't apply purgable controls to something you can't write.
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
-       }
+       page_count = map->pmap->stats.resident_count;
 
-       object = entry->object.vm_object;
-       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-               /*
-                * Object must already be present or it can't be purgable.
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-       }
-                    
-       vm_object_lock(object);
+       for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+           entry != vm_map_to_entry(map);
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               if (!entry->is_sub_map && ((VME_OBJECT(entry) == 0) ||
+                   (VME_OBJECT(entry)->phys_contiguous))) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       assert(!entry->use_pmap);
+               }
 
-       if (entry->offset != 0 || 
-           entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start != object->size) {
-               /*
-                * Can only apply purgable controls to the whole (existing)
-                * object at once.
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               vm_object_unlock(object);
-               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               pmap_remove_options(map->pmap, entry->vme_start, entry->vme_end, 0);
        }
-               
        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
 
-       kr = vm_object_purgable_control(object, control, state);
-
-       vm_object_unlock(object);
-
-       return kr;
+       return page_count;
 }
 
 kern_return_t
-vm_map_page_query_internal(
-       vm_map_t        target_map,
-       vm_map_offset_t offset,
-       int             *disposition,
-       int             *ref_count)
+vm_map_inject_error(vm_map_t map, vm_map_offset_t vaddr)
 {
-       kern_return_t                   kr;
-       vm_page_info_basic_data_t       info;
-       mach_msg_type_number_t          count;
+       vm_object_t object = NULL;
+       vm_object_offset_t offset;
+       vm_prot_t prot;
+       boolean_t wired;
+       vm_map_version_t version;
+       vm_map_t real_map;
+       int result = KERN_FAILURE;
+
+       vaddr = vm_map_trunc_page(vaddr, PAGE_MASK);
+       vm_map_lock(map);
 
-       count = VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC_COUNT;
-       kr = vm_map_page_info(target_map,
-                             offset,
-                             VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC,
-                             (vm_page_info_t) &info,
-                             &count);
-       if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
-               *disposition = info.disposition;
-               *ref_count = info.ref_count;
+       result = vm_map_lookup_locked(&map, vaddr, VM_PROT_READ,
+           OBJECT_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE, &version, &object, &offset, &prot, &wired,
+           NULL, &real_map, NULL);
+       if (object == NULL) {
+               result = KERN_MEMORY_ERROR;
+       } else if (object->pager) {
+               result = vm_compressor_pager_inject_error(object->pager,
+                   offset);
        } else {
-               *disposition = 0;
-               *ref_count = 0;
+               result = KERN_MEMORY_PRESENT;
        }
 
-       return kr;
-}
-               
-kern_return_t
-vm_map_page_info(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_offset_t         offset,
-       vm_page_info_flavor_t   flavor,
-       vm_page_info_t          info,
-       mach_msg_type_number_t  *count)
-{
-       vm_map_entry_t          map_entry;
-       vm_object_t             object;
-       vm_page_t               m;
-       kern_return_t           kr;
-       kern_return_t           retval = KERN_SUCCESS;
-       boolean_t               top_object;
-       int                     disposition;
-       int                     ref_count;
-       vm_object_id_t          object_id;
-       vm_page_info_basic_t    basic_info;
-       int                     depth;
+       if (object != NULL) {
+               vm_object_unlock(object);
+       }
 
-       switch (flavor) {
-       case VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC:
-               if (*count != VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC_COUNT) {
-                       return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-               }
-               break;
-       default:
-               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       if (real_map != map) {
+               vm_map_unlock(real_map);
        }
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
 
-       disposition = 0;
-       ref_count = 0;
-       object_id = 0;
-       top_object = TRUE;
-       depth = 0;
+       return result;
+}
 
-       retval = KERN_SUCCESS;
-       offset = vm_map_trunc_page(offset);
+#endif
 
-       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+
+#if CONFIG_FREEZE
+
+
+extern struct freezer_context freezer_context_global;
+AbsoluteTime c_freezer_last_yield_ts = 0;
+
+extern unsigned int memorystatus_freeze_private_shared_pages_ratio;
+extern unsigned int memorystatus_freeze_shared_mb_per_process_max;
+
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_freeze(
+       task_t       task,
+       unsigned int *purgeable_count,
+       unsigned int *wired_count,
+       unsigned int *clean_count,
+       unsigned int *dirty_count,
+       unsigned int dirty_budget,
+       unsigned int *shared_count,
+       int          *freezer_error_code,
+       boolean_t    eval_only)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry2 = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
+       kern_return_t   kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       boolean_t       evaluation_phase = TRUE;
+       vm_object_t     cur_shared_object = NULL;
+       int             cur_shared_obj_ref_cnt = 0;
+       unsigned int    dirty_private_count = 0, dirty_shared_count = 0, obj_pages_snapshot = 0;
+
+       *purgeable_count = *wired_count = *clean_count = *dirty_count = *shared_count = 0;
 
        /*
-        * First, find the map entry covering "offset", going down
-        * submaps if necessary.
+        * We need the exclusive lock here so that we can
+        * block any page faults or lookups while we are
+        * in the middle of freezing this vm map.
         */
-       for (;;) {
-               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, offset, &map_entry)) {
-                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-                       return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-               }
-               /* compute offset from this map entry's start */
-               offset -= map_entry->vme_start;
-               /* compute offset into this map entry's object (or submap) */
-               offset += map_entry->offset;
+       vm_map_t map = task->map;
 
-               if (map_entry->is_sub_map) {
-                       vm_map_t sub_map;
+       vm_map_lock(map);
 
-                       sub_map = map_entry->object.sub_map;
-                       vm_map_lock_read(sub_map);
-                       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       assert(VM_CONFIG_COMPRESSOR_IS_PRESENT);
 
-                       map = sub_map;
+       if (vm_compressor_low_on_space() || vm_swap_low_on_space()) {
+               if (vm_compressor_low_on_space()) {
+                       *freezer_error_code = FREEZER_ERROR_NO_COMPRESSOR_SPACE;
+               }
 
-                       ref_count = MAX(ref_count, map->ref_count);
-                       continue;
+               if (vm_swap_low_on_space()) {
+                       *freezer_error_code = FREEZER_ERROR_NO_SWAP_SPACE;
                }
-               break;
-       }
 
-       object = map_entry->object.vm_object;
-       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-               /* no object -> no page */
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+               kr = KERN_NO_SPACE;
                goto done;
        }
 
-       vm_object_lock(object);
-       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       if (VM_CONFIG_FREEZER_SWAP_IS_ACTIVE == FALSE) {
+               /*
+                * In-memory compressor backing the freezer. No disk.
+                * So no need to do the evaluation phase.
+                */
+               evaluation_phase = FALSE;
 
-       /*
-        * Go down the VM object shadow chain until we find the page
-        * we're looking for.
-        */
-       for (;;) {
-               ref_count = MAX(ref_count, object->ref_count);
+               if (eval_only == TRUE) {
+                       /*
+                        * We don't support 'eval_only' mode
+                        * in this non-swap config.
+                        */
+                       *freezer_error_code = FREEZER_ERROR_GENERIC;
+                       kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                       goto done;
+               }
 
-               m = vm_page_lookup(object, offset);
+               freezer_context_global.freezer_ctx_uncompressed_pages = 0;
+               clock_get_uptime(&c_freezer_last_yield_ts);
+       }
+again:
 
-               if (m != VM_PAGE_NULL) {
-                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PRESENT;
-                       break;
-               } else {
-#if MACH_PAGEMAP
-                       if (object->existence_map) {
-                               if (vm_external_state_get(object->existence_map,
-                                                         offset) ==
-                                   VM_EXTERNAL_STATE_EXISTS) {
+       for (entry2 = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+           entry2 != vm_map_to_entry(map);
+           entry2 = entry2->vme_next) {
+               vm_object_t     src_object = VME_OBJECT(entry2);
+
+               if (src_object &&
+                   !entry2->is_sub_map &&
+                   !src_object->phys_contiguous) {
+                       /* If eligible, scan the entry, moving eligible pages over to our parent object */
+
+                       if (src_object->internal == TRUE) {
+                               if (VM_CONFIG_FREEZER_SWAP_IS_ACTIVE) {
                                        /*
-                                        * this page has been paged out
+                                        * We skip purgeable objects during evaluation phase only.
+                                        * If we decide to freeze this process, we'll explicitly
+                                        * purge these objects before we go around again with
+                                        * 'evaluation_phase' set to FALSE.
                                         */
-                                       disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PAGED_OUT;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                       } else
-#endif
-                       {
-                               if (object->internal &&
-                                   object->alive &&
-                                   !object->terminating &&
-                                   object->pager_ready) {
-
-                                       memory_object_t pager;
 
-                                       vm_object_paging_begin(object);
-                                       pager = object->pager;
-                                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+                                       if ((src_object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY) || (src_object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE)) {
+                                               /*
+                                                * We want to purge objects that may not belong to this task but are mapped
+                                                * in this task alone. Since we already purged this task's purgeable memory
+                                                * at the end of a successful evaluation phase, we want to avoid doing no-op calls
+                                                * on this task's purgeable objects. Hence the check for only volatile objects.
+                                                */
+                                               if (evaluation_phase == FALSE &&
+                                                   (src_object->purgable == VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE) &&
+                                                   (src_object->ref_count == 1)) {
+                                                       vm_object_lock(src_object);
+                                                       vm_object_purge(src_object, 0);
+                                                       vm_object_unlock(src_object);
+                                               }
+                                               continue;
+                                       }
 
                                        /*
-                                        * Ask the default pager if
-                                        * it has this page.
+                                        * Pages belonging to this object could be swapped to disk.
+                                        * Make sure it's not a shared object because we could end
+                                        * up just bringing it back in again.
+                                        *
+                                        * We try to optimize somewhat by checking for objects that are mapped
+                                        * more than once within our own map. But we don't do full searches,
+                                        * we just look at the entries following our current entry.
                                         */
-                                       kr = memory_object_data_request(
-                                               pager,
-                                               offset + object->paging_offset,
-                                               0, /* just poke the pager */
-                                               VM_PROT_READ,
-                                               NULL);
 
-                                       vm_object_lock(object);
-                                       vm_object_paging_end(object);
+                                       if (src_object->ref_count > 1) {
+                                               if (src_object != cur_shared_object) {
+                                                       obj_pages_snapshot = (src_object->resident_page_count - src_object->wired_page_count) + vm_compressor_pager_get_count(src_object->pager);
+                                                       dirty_shared_count += obj_pages_snapshot;
 
-                                       if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                                               /* the default pager has it */
-                                               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_PAGED_OUT;
-                                               break;
+                                                       cur_shared_object = src_object;
+                                                       cur_shared_obj_ref_cnt = 1;
+                                                       continue;
+                                               } else {
+                                                       cur_shared_obj_ref_cnt++;
+                                                       if (src_object->ref_count == cur_shared_obj_ref_cnt) {
+                                                               /*
+                                                                * Fall through to below and treat this object as private.
+                                                                * So deduct its pages from our shared total and add it to the
+                                                                * private total.
+                                                                */
+
+                                                               dirty_shared_count -= obj_pages_snapshot;
+                                                               dirty_private_count += obj_pages_snapshot;
+                                                       } else {
+                                                               continue;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+
+
+                                       if (src_object->ref_count == 1) {
+                                               dirty_private_count += (src_object->resident_page_count - src_object->wired_page_count) + vm_compressor_pager_get_count(src_object->pager);
+                                       }
+
+                                       if (evaluation_phase == TRUE) {
+                                               continue;
                                        }
                                }
-                       }
 
-                       if (object->shadow != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                               vm_object_t shadow;
+                               uint32_t paged_out_count = vm_object_compressed_freezer_pageout(src_object, dirty_budget);
+                               *wired_count += src_object->wired_page_count;
 
-                               offset += object->shadow_offset;
-                               shadow = object->shadow;
-                               
-                               vm_object_lock(shadow);
-                               vm_object_unlock(object);
+                               if (vm_compressor_low_on_space() || vm_swap_low_on_space()) {
+                                       if (vm_compressor_low_on_space()) {
+                                               *freezer_error_code = FREEZER_ERROR_NO_COMPRESSOR_SPACE;
+                                       }
 
-                               object = shadow;
-                               top_object = FALSE;
-                               depth++;
-                       } else {
-//                             if (!object->internal)
-//                                     break;
-//                             retval = KERN_FAILURE;
-//                             goto done_with_object;
-                               break;
+                                       if (vm_swap_low_on_space()) {
+                                               *freezer_error_code = FREEZER_ERROR_NO_SWAP_SPACE;
+                                       }
+
+                                       kr = KERN_NO_SPACE;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (paged_out_count >= dirty_budget) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               dirty_budget -= paged_out_count;
                        }
                }
        }
-       /* The ref_count is not strictly accurate, it measures the number   */
-       /* of entities holding a ref on the object, they may not be mapping */
-       /* the object or may not be mapping the section holding the         */
-       /* target page but its still a ball park number and though an over- */
-       /* count, it picks up the copy-on-write cases                       */
 
-       /* We could also get a picture of page sharing from pmap_attributes */
-       /* but this would under count as only faulted-in mappings would     */
-       /* show up.                                                         */
+       *shared_count = (unsigned int) ((dirty_shared_count * PAGE_SIZE_64) / (1024 * 1024ULL));
+       if (evaluation_phase) {
+               unsigned int shared_pages_threshold = (memorystatus_freeze_shared_mb_per_process_max * 1024 * 1024ULL) / PAGE_SIZE_64;
 
-       if (top_object == TRUE && object->shadow)
-               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_COPIED;
+               if (dirty_shared_count > shared_pages_threshold) {
+                       *freezer_error_code = FREEZER_ERROR_EXCESS_SHARED_MEMORY;
+                       kr = KERN_FAILURE;
+                       goto done;
+               }
 
-       if (! object->internal)
-               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_EXTERNAL;
+               if (dirty_shared_count &&
+                   ((dirty_private_count / dirty_shared_count) < memorystatus_freeze_private_shared_pages_ratio)) {
+                       *freezer_error_code = FREEZER_ERROR_LOW_PRIVATE_SHARED_RATIO;
+                       kr = KERN_FAILURE;
+                       goto done;
+               }
 
-       if (m == VM_PAGE_NULL)
-               goto done_with_object;
+               evaluation_phase = FALSE;
+               dirty_shared_count = dirty_private_count = 0;
 
-       if (m->fictitious) {
-               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_FICTITIOUS;
-               goto done_with_object;
-       }
-       if (m->dirty || pmap_is_modified(m->phys_page))
-               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_DIRTY;
+               freezer_context_global.freezer_ctx_uncompressed_pages = 0;
+               clock_get_uptime(&c_freezer_last_yield_ts);
 
-       if (m->reference || pmap_is_referenced(m->phys_page))
-               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REF;
+               if (eval_only) {
+                       kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+                       goto done;
+               }
 
-       if (m->speculative)
-               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_SPECULATIVE;
+               vm_purgeable_purge_task_owned(task);
 
-       if (m->cs_validated)
-               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_CS_VALIDATED;
-       if (m->cs_tainted)
-               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_CS_TAINTED;
+               goto again;
+       } else {
+               kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+       }
 
-done_with_object:
-       vm_object_unlock(object);
 done:
+       vm_map_unlock(map);
 
-       switch (flavor) {
-       case VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC:
-               basic_info = (vm_page_info_basic_t) info;
-               basic_info->disposition = disposition;
-               basic_info->ref_count = ref_count;
-               basic_info->object_id = (vm_object_id_t) (uintptr_t) object;
-               basic_info->offset = (memory_object_offset_t) offset;
-               basic_info->depth = depth;
-               break;
+       if ((eval_only == FALSE) && (kr == KERN_SUCCESS)) {
+               vm_object_compressed_freezer_done();
        }
-
-       return retval;
+       return kr;
 }
 
+#endif
+
 /*
- *     vm_map_msync
- *
- *     Synchronises the memory range specified with its backing store
- *     image by either flushing or cleaning the contents to the appropriate
- *     memory manager engaging in a memory object synchronize dialog with
- *     the manager.  The client doesn't return until the manager issues
- *     m_o_s_completed message.  MIG Magically converts user task parameter
- *     to the task's address map.
- *
- *     interpretation of sync_flags
- *     VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE      - discard pages, only return precious
- *                               pages to manager.
- *
- *     VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE & (VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS | VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS)
- *                             - discard pages, write dirty or precious
- *                               pages back to memory manager.
- *
- *     VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS | VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS
- *                             - write dirty or precious pages back to
- *                               the memory manager.
+ * vm_map_entry_should_cow_for_true_share:
  *
- *     VM_SYNC_CONTIGUOUS      - does everything normally, but if there
- *                               is a hole in the region, and we would
- *                               have returned KERN_SUCCESS, return
- *                               KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS instead.
+ * Determines if the map entry should be clipped and setup for copy-on-write
+ * to avoid applying "true_share" to a large VM object when only a subset is
+ * targeted.
  *
- *     NOTE
- *     The memory object attributes have not yet been implemented, this
- *     function will have to deal with the invalidate attribute
+ * For now, we target only the map entries created for the Objective C
+ * Garbage Collector, which initially have the following properties:
+ *     - alias == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC
+ *      - wired_count == 0
+ *      - !needs_copy
+ * and a VM object with:
+ *      - internal
+ *      - copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC
+ *      - !true_share
+ *      - vo_size == ANON_CHUNK_SIZE
  *
- *     RETURNS
- *     KERN_INVALID_TASK               Bad task parameter
- *     KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT           both sync and async were specified.
- *     KERN_SUCCESS                    The usual.
- *     KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS            There was a hole in the region.
+ * Only non-kernel map entries.
  */
+boolean_t
+vm_map_entry_should_cow_for_true_share(
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry)
+{
+       vm_object_t     object;
 
-kern_return_t
-vm_map_msync(
-       vm_map_t                map,
-       vm_map_address_t        address,
-       vm_map_size_t           size,
-       vm_sync_t               sync_flags)
-{
-       msync_req_t             msr;
-       msync_req_t             new_msr;
-       queue_chain_t           req_q;  /* queue of requests for this msync */
-       vm_map_entry_t          entry;
-       vm_map_size_t           amount_left;
-       vm_object_offset_t      offset;
-       boolean_t               do_sync_req;
-       boolean_t               had_hole = FALSE;
-       memory_object_t         pager;
-       
-       if ((sync_flags & VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS) &&
-           (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS))
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+       if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+               /* entry does not point at a VM object */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (entry->needs_copy) {
+               /* already set for copy_on_write: done! */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (VME_ALIAS(entry) != VM_MEMORY_MALLOC &&
+           VME_ALIAS(entry) != VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_SMALL) {
+               /* not a malloc heap or Obj-C Garbage Collector heap */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (entry->wired_count) {
+               /* wired: can't change the map entry... */
+               vm_counters.should_cow_but_wired++;
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+
+       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
+               /* no object yet... */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (!object->internal) {
+               /* not an internal object */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
+               /* not the default copy strategy */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (object->true_share) {
+               /* already true_share: too late to avoid it */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (VME_ALIAS(entry) == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC &&
+           object->vo_size != ANON_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+               /* ... not an object created for the ObjC Garbage Collector */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       if (VME_ALIAS(entry) == VM_MEMORY_MALLOC_SMALL &&
+           object->vo_size != 2048 * 4096) {
+               /* ... not a "MALLOC_SMALL" heap */
+               return FALSE;
+       }
 
        /*
-        * align address and size on page boundaries
+        * All the criteria match: we have a large object being targeted for "true_share".
+        * To limit the adverse side-effects linked with "true_share", tell the caller to
+        * try and avoid setting up the entire object for "true_share" by clipping the
+        * targeted range and setting it up for copy-on-write.
         */
-       size = vm_map_round_page(address + size) - vm_map_trunc_page(address);
-       address = vm_map_trunc_page(address);
+       return TRUE;
+}
+
+vm_map_offset_t
+vm_map_round_page_mask(
+       vm_map_offset_t offset,
+       vm_map_offset_t mask)
+{
+       return VM_MAP_ROUND_PAGE(offset, mask);
+}
+
+vm_map_offset_t
+vm_map_trunc_page_mask(
+       vm_map_offset_t offset,
+       vm_map_offset_t mask)
+{
+       return VM_MAP_TRUNC_PAGE(offset, mask);
+}
 
-        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL)
-                return(KERN_INVALID_TASK);
+boolean_t
+vm_map_page_aligned(
+       vm_map_offset_t offset,
+       vm_map_offset_t mask)
+{
+       return ((offset) & mask) == 0;
+}
 
-       if (size == 0)
-               return(KERN_SUCCESS);
+int
+vm_map_page_shift(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       return VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map);
+}
 
-       queue_init(&req_q);
-       amount_left = size;
+int
+vm_map_page_size(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       return VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map);
+}
 
-       while (amount_left > 0) {
-               vm_object_size_t        flush_size;
-               vm_object_t             object;
+vm_map_offset_t
+vm_map_page_mask(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       return VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map);
+}
 
-               vm_map_lock(map);
-               if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map,
-                                        vm_map_trunc_page(address), &entry)) {
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_set_page_shift(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       int             pageshift)
+{
+       if (map->hdr.nentries != 0) {
+               /* too late to change page size */
+               return KERN_FAILURE;
+       }
 
-                       vm_map_size_t   skip;
+       map->hdr.page_shift = pageshift;
 
-                       /*
-                        * hole in the address map.
-                        */
-                       had_hole = TRUE;
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
 
-                       /*
-                        * Check for empty map.
-                        */
-                       if (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map) &&
-                           entry->vme_next == entry) {
-                               vm_map_unlock(map);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       /*
-                        * Check that we don't wrap and that
-                        * we have at least one real map entry.
-                        */
-                       if ((map->hdr.nentries == 0) ||
-                           (entry->vme_next->vme_start < address)) {
-                               vm_map_unlock(map);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       /*
-                        * Move up to the next entry if needed
-                        */
-                       skip = (entry->vme_next->vme_start - address);
-                       if (skip >= amount_left)
-                               amount_left = 0;
-                       else
-                               amount_left -= skip;
-                       address = entry->vme_next->vme_start;
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       continue;
-               }
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_query_volatile(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       mach_vm_size_t  *volatile_virtual_size_p,
+       mach_vm_size_t  *volatile_resident_size_p,
+       mach_vm_size_t  *volatile_compressed_size_p,
+       mach_vm_size_t  *volatile_pmap_size_p,
+       mach_vm_size_t  *volatile_compressed_pmap_size_p)
+{
+       mach_vm_size_t  volatile_virtual_size;
+       mach_vm_size_t  volatile_resident_count;
+       mach_vm_size_t  volatile_compressed_count;
+       mach_vm_size_t  volatile_pmap_count;
+       mach_vm_size_t  volatile_compressed_pmap_count;
+       mach_vm_size_t  resident_count;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       vm_object_t     object;
+
+       /* map should be locked by caller */
+
+       volatile_virtual_size = 0;
+       volatile_resident_count = 0;
+       volatile_compressed_count = 0;
+       volatile_pmap_count = 0;
+       volatile_compressed_pmap_count = 0;
 
-               offset = address - entry->vme_start;
+       for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+           entry != vm_map_to_entry(map);
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               mach_vm_size_t  pmap_resident_bytes, pmap_compressed_bytes;
 
-               /*
-                * do we have more to flush than is contained in this
-                * entry ?
-                */
-               if (amount_left + entry->vme_start + offset > entry->vme_end) {
-                       flush_size = entry->vme_end -
-                               (entry->vme_start + offset);
-               } else {
-                       flush_size = amount_left;
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       continue;
                }
-               amount_left -= flush_size;
-               address += flush_size;
-
-               if (entry->is_sub_map == TRUE) {
-                       vm_map_t        local_map;
-                       vm_map_offset_t local_offset;
-
-                       local_map = entry->object.sub_map;
-                       local_offset = entry->offset;
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
-                       if (vm_map_msync(
-                                   local_map,
-                                   local_offset,
-                                   flush_size,
-                                   sync_flags) == KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
-                               had_hole = TRUE;
-                       }
+               if (!(entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
                        continue;
                }
-               object = entry->object.vm_object;
-
-               /*
-                * We can't sync this object if the object has not been
-                * created yet
-                */
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
                if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
                        continue;
                }
-               offset += entry->offset;
-
-                vm_object_lock(object);
-
-               if (sync_flags & (VM_SYNC_KILLPAGES | VM_SYNC_DEACTIVATE)) {
-                       int kill_pages = 0;
-                       boolean_t reusable_pages = FALSE;
-
-                       if (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_KILLPAGES) {
-                               if (object->ref_count == 1 && !object->shadow)
-                                       kill_pages = 1;
-                               else
-                                       kill_pages = -1;
-                       }
-                       if (kill_pages != -1)
-                               vm_object_deactivate_pages(object, offset, 
-                                                          (vm_object_size_t)flush_size, kill_pages, reusable_pages);
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+               if (object->purgable != VM_PURGABLE_VOLATILE &&
+                   object->purgable != VM_PURGABLE_EMPTY) {
                        continue;
                }
-               /*
-                * We can't sync this object if there isn't a pager.
-                * Don't bother to sync internal objects, since there can't
-                * be any "permanent" storage for these objects anyway.
-                */
-               if ((object->pager == MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL) ||
-                   (object->internal) || (object->private)) {
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-                       vm_map_unlock(map);
+               if (VME_OFFSET(entry)) {
+                       /*
+                        * If the map entry has been split and the object now
+                        * appears several times in the VM map, we don't want
+                        * to count the object's resident_page_count more than
+                        * once.  We count it only for the first one, starting
+                        * at offset 0 and ignore the other VM map entries.
+                        */
                        continue;
                }
-               /*
-                * keep reference on the object until syncing is done
-                */
-               vm_object_reference_locked(object);
-               vm_object_unlock(object);
-
-               vm_map_unlock(map);
-
-               do_sync_req = vm_object_sync(object,
-                                            offset,
-                                            flush_size,
-                                            sync_flags & VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE,
-                                            ((sync_flags & VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS) ||
-                                             (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS)),
-                                            sync_flags & VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS);
-               /*
-                * only send a m_o_s if we returned pages or if the entry
-                * is writable (ie dirty pages may have already been sent back)
-                */
-               if (!do_sync_req) {
-                       if ((sync_flags & VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE) && object->resident_page_count == 0) {
-                               /*
-                                * clear out the clustering and read-ahead hints
-                                */
-                               vm_object_lock(object);
-
-                               object->pages_created = 0;
-                               object->pages_used = 0;
-                               object->sequential = 0;
-                               object->last_alloc = 0;
-
-                               vm_object_unlock(object);
-                       }
-                       vm_object_deallocate(object);
-                       continue;
+               resident_count = object->resident_page_count;
+               if ((VME_OFFSET(entry) / PAGE_SIZE) >= resident_count) {
+                       resident_count = 0;
+               } else {
+                       resident_count -= (VME_OFFSET(entry) / PAGE_SIZE);
                }
-               msync_req_alloc(new_msr);
-
-                vm_object_lock(object);
-               offset += object->paging_offset;
-
-               new_msr->offset = offset;
-               new_msr->length = flush_size;
-               new_msr->object = object;
-               new_msr->flag = VM_MSYNC_SYNCHRONIZING;
-       re_iterate:
-
-               /*
-                * We can't sync this object if there isn't a pager.  The
-                * pager can disappear anytime we're not holding the object
-                * lock.  So this has to be checked anytime we goto re_iterate.
-                */
-
-               pager = object->pager;
 
-               if (pager == MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL) {
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-                       vm_object_deallocate(object);
-                       continue;
+               volatile_virtual_size += entry->vme_end - entry->vme_start;
+               volatile_resident_count += resident_count;
+               if (object->pager) {
+                       volatile_compressed_count +=
+                           vm_compressor_pager_get_count(object->pager);
                }
+               pmap_compressed_bytes = 0;
+               pmap_resident_bytes =
+                   pmap_query_resident(map->pmap,
+                   entry->vme_start,
+                   entry->vme_end,
+                   &pmap_compressed_bytes);
+               volatile_pmap_count += (pmap_resident_bytes / PAGE_SIZE);
+               volatile_compressed_pmap_count += (pmap_compressed_bytes
+                   / PAGE_SIZE);
+       }
 
-               queue_iterate(&object->msr_q, msr, msync_req_t, msr_q) {
-                       /*
-                        * need to check for overlapping entry, if found, wait
-                        * on overlapping msr to be done, then reiterate
-                        */
-                       msr_lock(msr);
-                       if (msr->flag == VM_MSYNC_SYNCHRONIZING &&
-                           ((offset >= msr->offset && 
-                             offset < (msr->offset + msr->length)) ||
-                            (msr->offset >= offset &&
-                             msr->offset < (offset + flush_size))))
-                       {
-                               assert_wait((event_t) msr,THREAD_INTERRUPTIBLE);
-                               msr_unlock(msr);
-                               vm_object_unlock(object);
-                               thread_block(THREAD_CONTINUE_NULL);
-                               vm_object_lock(object);
-                               goto re_iterate;
-                       }
-                       msr_unlock(msr);
-               }/* queue_iterate */
+       /* map is still locked on return */
 
-               queue_enter(&object->msr_q, new_msr, msync_req_t, msr_q);
+       *volatile_virtual_size_p = volatile_virtual_size;
+       *volatile_resident_size_p = volatile_resident_count * PAGE_SIZE;
+       *volatile_compressed_size_p = volatile_compressed_count * PAGE_SIZE;
+       *volatile_pmap_size_p = volatile_pmap_count * PAGE_SIZE;
+       *volatile_compressed_pmap_size_p = volatile_compressed_pmap_count * PAGE_SIZE;
 
-               vm_object_paging_begin(object);
-               vm_object_unlock(object);
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
 
-               queue_enter(&req_q, new_msr, msync_req_t, req_q);
+void
+vm_map_sizes(vm_map_t map,
+    vm_map_size_t * psize,
+    vm_map_size_t * pfree,
+    vm_map_size_t * plargest_free)
+{
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       vm_map_offset_t prev;
+       vm_map_size_t   free, total_free, largest_free;
+       boolean_t       end;
 
-               (void) memory_object_synchronize(
-                       pager,
-                       offset,
-                       flush_size,
-                       sync_flags & ~VM_SYNC_CONTIGUOUS);
+       if (!map) {
+               *psize = *pfree = *plargest_free = 0;
+               return;
+       }
+       total_free = largest_free = 0;
 
-               vm_object_lock(object);
-               vm_object_paging_end(object);
-               vm_object_unlock(object);
-       }/* while */
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
+       if (psize) {
+               *psize = map->max_offset - map->min_offset;
+       }
 
-       /*
-        * wait for memory_object_sychronize_completed messages from pager(s)
-        */
+       prev = map->min_offset;
+       for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);; entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               end = (entry == vm_map_to_entry(map));
 
-       while (!queue_empty(&req_q)) {
-               msr = (msync_req_t)queue_first(&req_q);
-               msr_lock(msr);
-               while(msr->flag != VM_MSYNC_DONE) {
-                       assert_wait((event_t) msr, THREAD_INTERRUPTIBLE);
-                       msr_unlock(msr);
-                       thread_block(THREAD_CONTINUE_NULL);
-                       msr_lock(msr);
-               }/* while */
-               queue_remove(&req_q, msr, msync_req_t, req_q);
-               msr_unlock(msr);
-               vm_object_deallocate(msr->object);
-               msync_req_free(msr);
-       }/* queue_iterate */
+               if (end) {
+                       free = entry->vme_end   - prev;
+               } else {
+                       free = entry->vme_start - prev;
+               }
 
-       /* for proper msync() behaviour */
-       if (had_hole == TRUE && (sync_flags & VM_SYNC_CONTIGUOUS))
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+               total_free += free;
+               if (free > largest_free) {
+                       largest_free = free;
+               }
 
-       return(KERN_SUCCESS);
-}/* vm_msync */
+               if (end) {
+                       break;
+               }
+               prev = entry->vme_end;
+       }
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
+       if (pfree) {
+               *pfree = total_free;
+       }
+       if (plargest_free) {
+               *plargest_free = largest_free;
+       }
+}
 
-/*
- *     Routine:        convert_port_entry_to_map
- *     Purpose:
- *             Convert from a port specifying an entry or a task
- *             to a map. Doesn't consume the port ref; produces a map ref,
- *             which may be null.  Unlike convert_port_to_map, the
- *             port may be task or a named entry backed.
- *     Conditions:
- *             Nothing locked.
- */
+#if VM_SCAN_FOR_SHADOW_CHAIN
+int vm_map_shadow_max(vm_map_t map);
+int
+vm_map_shadow_max(
+       vm_map_t map)
+{
+       int             shadows, shadows_max;
+       vm_map_entry_t  entry;
+       vm_object_t     object, next_object;
 
+       if (map == NULL) {
+               return 0;
+       }
 
-vm_map_t
-convert_port_entry_to_map(
-       ipc_port_t      port)
-{
-       vm_map_t map;
-       vm_named_entry_t        named_entry;
-       uint32_t        try_failed_count = 0;
+       shadows_max = 0;
 
-       if(IP_VALID(port) && (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY)) {
-               while(TRUE) {
-                       ip_lock(port);
-                       if(ip_active(port) && (ip_kotype(port) 
-                                              == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY)) {
-                               named_entry =
-                                       (vm_named_entry_t)port->ip_kobject;
-                               if (!(lck_mtx_try_lock(&(named_entry)->Lock))) {
-                                               ip_unlock(port);
+       vm_map_lock_read(map);
 
-                                       try_failed_count++;
-                                               mutex_pause(try_failed_count);
-                                               continue;
-                               }
-                               named_entry->ref_count++;
-                               lck_mtx_unlock(&(named_entry)->Lock);
-                               ip_unlock(port);
-                               if ((named_entry->is_sub_map) &&
-                                   (named_entry->protection 
-                                    & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
-                                       map = named_entry->backing.map;
-                               } else {
-                                       mach_destroy_memory_entry(port);
-                                       return VM_MAP_NULL;
-                               }
-                               vm_map_reference_swap(map);
-                               mach_destroy_memory_entry(port);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       else 
-                               return VM_MAP_NULL;
+       for (entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
+           entry != vm_map_to_entry(map);
+           entry = entry->vme_next) {
+               if (entry->is_sub_map) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+               object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
+               if (object == NULL) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+               vm_object_lock_shared(object);
+               for (shadows = 0;
+                   object->shadow != NULL;
+                   shadows++, object = next_object) {
+                       next_object = object->shadow;
+                       vm_object_lock_shared(next_object);
+                       vm_object_unlock(object);
+               }
+               vm_object_unlock(object);
+               if (shadows > shadows_max) {
+                       shadows_max = shadows;
                }
        }
-       else
-               map = convert_port_to_map(port);
 
-       return map;
-}
+       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
 
-/*
- *     Routine:        convert_port_entry_to_object
- *     Purpose:
- *             Convert from a port specifying a named entry to an
- *             object. Doesn't consume the port ref; produces a map ref,
- *             which may be null. 
- *     Conditions:
- *             Nothing locked.
- */
+       return shadows_max;
+}
+#endif /* VM_SCAN_FOR_SHADOW_CHAIN */
 
+void
+vm_commit_pagezero_status(vm_map_t lmap)
+{
+       pmap_advise_pagezero_range(lmap->pmap, lmap->min_offset);
+}
 
-vm_object_t
-convert_port_entry_to_object(
-       ipc_port_t      port)
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+void
+vm_map_set_high_start(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t high_start)
 {
-       vm_object_t object;
-       vm_named_entry_t        named_entry;
-       uint32_t        try_failed_count = 0;
+       map->vmmap_high_start = high_start;
+}
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
 
-       if(IP_VALID(port) && (ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY)) {
-               while(TRUE) {
-                       ip_lock(port);
-                       if(ip_active(port) && (ip_kotype(port) 
-                                              == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY)) {
-                               named_entry =
-                                       (vm_named_entry_t)port->ip_kobject;
-                               if (!(lck_mtx_try_lock(&(named_entry)->Lock))) {
-                                               ip_unlock(port);
 
-                                       try_failed_count++;
-                                               mutex_pause(try_failed_count);
-                                               continue;
-                               }
-                               named_entry->ref_count++;
-                               lck_mtx_unlock(&(named_entry)->Lock);
-                               ip_unlock(port);
-                               if ((!named_entry->is_sub_map) &&
-                                   (!named_entry->is_pager) &&
-                                   (named_entry->protection 
-                                    & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
-                                       object = named_entry->backing.object;
-                               } else {
-                                       mach_destroy_memory_entry(port);
-                                       return (vm_object_t)NULL;
-                               }
-                               vm_object_reference(named_entry->backing.object);
-                               mach_destroy_memory_entry(port);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       else 
-                               return (vm_object_t)NULL;
-               }
-       } else {
-               return (vm_object_t)NULL;
-       }
+/*
+ * FORKED CORPSE FOOTPRINT
+ *
+ * A forked corpse gets a copy of the original VM map but its pmap is mostly
+ * empty since it never ran and never got to fault in any pages.
+ * Collecting footprint info (via "sysctl vm.self_region_footprint") for
+ * a forked corpse would therefore return very little information.
+ *
+ * When forking a corpse, we can pass the VM_MAP_FORK_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT option
+ * to vm_map_fork() to collect footprint information from the original VM map
+ * and its pmap, and store it in the forked corpse's VM map.  That information
+ * is stored in place of the VM map's "hole list" since we'll never need to
+ * lookup for holes in the corpse's map.
+ *
+ * The corpse's footprint info looks like this:
+ *
+ * vm_map->vmmap_corpse_footprint points to pageable kernel memory laid out
+ * as follows:
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *            header-> | cf_size                               |
+ *                     +-------------------+-------------------+
+ *                     | cf_last_region    | cf_last_zeroes    |
+ *                     +-------------------+-------------------+
+ *           region1-> | cfr_vaddr                             |
+ *                     +-------------------+-------------------+
+ *                     | cfr_num_pages     | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 |
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *                     | d4 | d5 | ...                         |
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *                     | ...                                   |
+ *                     +-------------------+-------------------+
+ *                     | dy | dz | na | na | cfr_vaddr...      | <-region2
+ *                     +-------------------+-------------------+
+ *                     | cfr_vaddr (ctd)   | cfr_num_pages     |
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *                     | d0 | d1 ...                           |
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *                       ...
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *       last region-> | cfr_vaddr                             |
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *                     + cfr_num_pages     | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 |
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *                       ...
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *                     | dx | dy | dz | na | na | na | na | na |
+ *                     +---------------------------------------+
+ *
+ * where:
+ *      cf_size:       total size of the buffer (rounded to page size)
+ *      cf_last_region:        offset in the buffer of the last "region" sub-header
+ *     cf_last_zeroes: number of trailing "zero" dispositions at the end
+ *                     of last region
+ *     cfr_vaddr:      virtual address of the start of the covered "region"
+ *     cfr_num_pages:  number of pages in the covered "region"
+ *     d*:             disposition of the page at that virtual address
+ * Regions in the buffer are word-aligned.
+ *
+ * We estimate the size of the buffer based on the number of memory regions
+ * and the virtual size of the address space.  While copying each memory region
+ * during vm_map_fork(), we also collect the footprint info for that region
+ * and store it in the buffer, packing it as much as possible (coalescing
+ * contiguous memory regions to avoid having too many region headers and
+ * avoiding long streaks of "zero" page dispositions by splitting footprint
+ * "regions", so the number of regions in the footprint buffer might not match
+ * the number of memory regions in the address space.
+ *
+ * We also have to copy the original task's "nonvolatile" ledgers since that's
+ * part of the footprint and will need to be reported to any tool asking for
+ * the footprint information of the forked corpse.
+ */
 
-       return object;
+uint64_t vm_map_corpse_footprint_count = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_corpse_footprint_size_avg = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_corpse_footprint_size_max = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_corpse_footprint_full = 0;
+uint64_t vm_map_corpse_footprint_no_buf = 0;
+
+struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header {
+       vm_size_t       cf_size;        /* allocated buffer size */
+       uint32_t        cf_last_region; /* offset of last region in buffer */
+       union {
+               uint32_t cfu_last_zeroes; /* during creation:
+                                          * number of "zero" dispositions at
+                                          * end of last region */
+               uint32_t cfu_hint_region; /* during lookup:
+                                          * offset of last looked up region */
+#define cf_last_zeroes cfu.cfu_last_zeroes
+#define cf_hint_region cfu.cfu_hint_region
+       } cfu;
+};
+typedef uint8_t cf_disp_t;
+struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region {
+       vm_map_offset_t cfr_vaddr;      /* region start virtual address */
+       uint32_t        cfr_num_pages;  /* number of pages in this "region" */
+       cf_disp_t   cfr_disposition[0]; /* disposition of each page */
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+static cf_disp_t
+vm_page_disposition_to_cf_disp(
+       int disposition)
+{
+       assert(sizeof(cf_disp_t) == 1);
+       /* relocate bits that don't fit in a "uint8_t" */
+       if (disposition & VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REUSABLE) {
+               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_FICTITIOUS;
+       }
+       /* cast gets rid of extra bits */
+       return (cf_disp_t) disposition;
 }
 
-/*
- * Export routines to other components for the things we access locally through
- * macros.
- */
-#undef current_map
-vm_map_t
-current_map(void)
+static int
+vm_page_cf_disp_to_disposition(
+       cf_disp_t cf_disp)
 {
-       return (current_map_fast());
+       int disposition;
+
+       assert(sizeof(cf_disp_t) == 1);
+       disposition = (int) cf_disp;
+       /* move relocated bits back in place */
+       if (cf_disp & VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_FICTITIOUS) {
+               disposition |= VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_REUSABLE;
+               disposition &= ~VM_PAGE_QUERY_PAGE_FICTITIOUS;
+       }
+       return disposition;
 }
 
 /*
- *     vm_map_reference:
+ * vm_map_corpse_footprint_new_region:
+ *      closes the current footprint "region" and creates a new one
  *
- *     Most code internal to the osfmk will go through a
- *     macro defining this.  This is always here for the
- *     use of other kernel components.
+ * Returns NULL if there's not enough space in the buffer for a new region.
  */
-#undef vm_map_reference
-void
-vm_map_reference(
-       register vm_map_t       map)
+static struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *
+vm_map_corpse_footprint_new_region(
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header *footprint_header)
 {
-       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL)
-               return;
+       uintptr_t       footprint_edge;
+       uint32_t        new_region_offset;
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *footprint_region;
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *new_footprint_region;
+
+       footprint_edge = ((uintptr_t)footprint_header +
+           footprint_header->cf_size);
+       footprint_region = ((struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *)
+           ((char *)footprint_header +
+           footprint_header->cf_last_region));
+       assert((uintptr_t)footprint_region + sizeof(*footprint_region) <=
+           footprint_edge);
+
+       /* get rid of trailing zeroes in the last region */
+       assert(footprint_region->cfr_num_pages >=
+           footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes);
+       footprint_region->cfr_num_pages -=
+           footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes;
+       footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes = 0;
+
+       /* reuse this region if it's now empty */
+       if (footprint_region->cfr_num_pages == 0) {
+               return footprint_region;
+       }
 
-       lck_mtx_lock(&map->s_lock);
-#if    TASK_SWAPPER
-       assert(map->res_count > 0);
-       assert(map->ref_count >= map->res_count);
-       map->res_count++;
-#endif
-       map->ref_count++;
-       lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
+       /* compute offset of new region */
+       new_region_offset = footprint_header->cf_last_region;
+       new_region_offset += sizeof(*footprint_region);
+       new_region_offset += (footprint_region->cfr_num_pages * sizeof(cf_disp_t));
+       new_region_offset = roundup(new_region_offset, sizeof(int));
+
+       /* check if we're going over the edge */
+       if (((uintptr_t)footprint_header +
+           new_region_offset +
+           sizeof(*footprint_region)) >=
+           footprint_edge) {
+               /* over the edge: no new region */
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* adjust offset of last region in header */
+       footprint_header->cf_last_region = new_region_offset;
+
+       new_footprint_region = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *)
+           ((char *)footprint_header +
+           footprint_header->cf_last_region);
+       new_footprint_region->cfr_vaddr = 0;
+       new_footprint_region->cfr_num_pages = 0;
+       /* caller needs to initialize new region */
+
+       return new_footprint_region;
 }
 
 /*
- *     vm_map_deallocate:
- *
- *     Removes a reference from the specified map,
- *     destroying it if no references remain.
- *     The map should not be locked.
+ * vm_map_corpse_footprint_collect:
+ *     collect footprint information for "old_entry" in "old_map" and
+ *     stores it in "new_map"'s vmmap_footprint_info.
  */
-void
-vm_map_deallocate(
-       register vm_map_t       map)
+kern_return_t
+vm_map_corpse_footprint_collect(
+       vm_map_t        old_map,
+       vm_map_entry_t  old_entry,
+       vm_map_t        new_map)
 {
-       unsigned int            ref;
+       vm_map_offset_t va;
+       kern_return_t   kr;
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header *footprint_header;
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *footprint_region;
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *new_footprint_region;
+       cf_disp_t       *next_disp_p;
+       uintptr_t       footprint_edge;
+       uint32_t        num_pages_tmp;
+       int             effective_page_size;
+
+       effective_page_size = MIN(PAGE_SIZE, VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(old_map));
+
+       va = old_entry->vme_start;
+
+       vm_map_lock_assert_exclusive(old_map);
+       vm_map_lock_assert_exclusive(new_map);
+
+       assert(new_map->has_corpse_footprint);
+       assert(!old_map->has_corpse_footprint);
+       if (!new_map->has_corpse_footprint ||
+           old_map->has_corpse_footprint) {
+               /*
+                * This can only transfer footprint info from a
+                * map with a live pmap to a map with a corpse footprint.
+                */
+               return KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+       }
 
-       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL)
-               return;
+       if (new_map->vmmap_corpse_footprint == NULL) {
+               vm_offset_t     buf;
+               vm_size_t       buf_size;
+
+               buf = 0;
+               buf_size = (sizeof(*footprint_header) +
+                   (old_map->hdr.nentries
+                   *
+                   (sizeof(*footprint_region) +
+                   +3))            /* potential alignment for each region */
+                   +
+                   ((old_map->size / effective_page_size)
+                   *
+                   sizeof(cf_disp_t)));      /* disposition for each page */
+//             printf("FBDP corpse map %p guestimate footprint size 0x%llx\n", new_map, (uint64_t) buf_size);
+               buf_size = round_page(buf_size);
+
+               /* limit buffer to 1 page to validate overflow detection */
+//             buf_size = PAGE_SIZE;
+
+               /* limit size to a somewhat sane amount */
+#if XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX
+#define VM_MAP_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT_INFO_MAX_SIZE   (8*1024*1024)   /* 8MB */
+#else /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+#define VM_MAP_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT_INFO_MAX_SIZE   (256*1024)      /* 256KB */
+#endif /* XNU_TARGET_OS_OSX */
+               if (buf_size > VM_MAP_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT_INFO_MAX_SIZE) {
+                       buf_size = VM_MAP_CORPSE_FOOTPRINT_INFO_MAX_SIZE;
+               }
 
-       lck_mtx_lock(&map->s_lock);
-       ref = --map->ref_count;
-       if (ref > 0) {
-               vm_map_res_deallocate(map);
-               lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
-               return;
+               /*
+                * Allocate the pageable buffer (with a trailing guard page).
+                * It will be zero-filled on demand.
+                */
+               kr = kernel_memory_allocate(kernel_map,
+                   &buf,
+                   (buf_size
+                   + PAGE_SIZE),                          /* trailing guard page */
+                   0,                         /* mask */
+                   KMA_PAGEABLE | KMA_GUARD_LAST,
+                   VM_KERN_MEMORY_DIAG);
+               if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                       vm_map_corpse_footprint_no_buf++;
+                       return kr;
+               }
+
+               /* initialize header and 1st region */
+               footprint_header = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header *)buf;
+               new_map->vmmap_corpse_footprint = footprint_header;
+
+               footprint_header->cf_size = buf_size;
+               footprint_header->cf_last_region =
+                   sizeof(*footprint_header);
+               footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes = 0;
+
+               footprint_region = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *)
+                   ((char *)footprint_header +
+                   footprint_header->cf_last_region);
+               footprint_region->cfr_vaddr = 0;
+               footprint_region->cfr_num_pages = 0;
+       } else {
+               /* retrieve header and last region */
+               footprint_header = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header *)
+                   new_map->vmmap_corpse_footprint;
+               footprint_region = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *)
+                   ((char *)footprint_header +
+                   footprint_header->cf_last_region);
        }
-       assert(map->ref_count == 0);
-       lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
+       footprint_edge = ((uintptr_t)footprint_header +
+           footprint_header->cf_size);
 
-#if    TASK_SWAPPER
-       /*
-        * The map residence count isn't decremented here because
-        * the vm_map_delete below will traverse the entire map, 
-        * deleting entries, and the residence counts on objects
-        * and sharing maps will go away then.
-        */
-#endif
+       if ((footprint_region->cfr_vaddr +
+           (((vm_map_offset_t)footprint_region->cfr_num_pages) *
+           effective_page_size))
+           != old_entry->vme_start) {
+               uint64_t num_pages_delta, num_pages_delta_size;
+               uint32_t region_offset_delta_size;
 
-       vm_map_destroy(map, VM_MAP_NO_FLAGS);
-}
+               /*
+                * Not the next contiguous virtual address:
+                * start a new region or store "zero" dispositions for
+                * the missing pages?
+                */
+               /* size of gap in actual page dispositions */
+               num_pages_delta = ((old_entry->vme_start -
+                   footprint_region->cfr_vaddr) / effective_page_size)
+                   - footprint_region->cfr_num_pages;
+               num_pages_delta_size = num_pages_delta * sizeof(cf_disp_t);
+               /* size of gap as a new footprint region header */
+               region_offset_delta_size =
+                   (sizeof(*footprint_region) +
+                   roundup(((footprint_region->cfr_num_pages -
+                   footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes) * sizeof(cf_disp_t)),
+                   sizeof(int)) -
+                   ((footprint_region->cfr_num_pages -
+                   footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes) * sizeof(cf_disp_t)));
+//             printf("FBDP %s:%d region 0x%x 0x%llx 0x%x vme_start 0x%llx pages_delta 0x%llx region_delta 0x%x\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, footprint_header->cf_last_region, footprint_region->cfr_vaddr, footprint_region->cfr_num_pages, old_entry->vme_start, num_pages_delta, region_offset_delta);
+               if (region_offset_delta_size < num_pages_delta_size ||
+                   os_add3_overflow(footprint_region->cfr_num_pages,
+                   (uint32_t) num_pages_delta,
+                   1,
+                   &num_pages_tmp)) {
+                       /*
+                        * Storing data for this gap would take more space
+                        * than inserting a new footprint region header:
+                        * let's start a new region and save space. If it's a
+                        * tie, let's avoid using a new region, since that
+                        * would require more region hops to find the right
+                        * range during lookups.
+                        *
+                        * If the current region's cfr_num_pages would overflow
+                        * if we added "zero" page dispositions for the gap,
+                        * no choice but to start a new region.
+                        */
+//                     printf("FBDP %s:%d new region\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+                       new_footprint_region =
+                           vm_map_corpse_footprint_new_region(footprint_header);
+                       /* check that we're not going over the edge */
+                       if (new_footprint_region == NULL) {
+                               goto over_the_edge;
+                       }
+                       footprint_region = new_footprint_region;
+                       /* initialize new region as empty */
+                       footprint_region->cfr_vaddr = old_entry->vme_start;
+                       footprint_region->cfr_num_pages = 0;
+               } else {
+                       /*
+                        * Store "zero" page dispositions for the missing
+                        * pages.
+                        */
+//                     printf("FBDP %s:%d zero gap\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+                       for (; num_pages_delta > 0; num_pages_delta--) {
+                               next_disp_p = (cf_disp_t *)
+                                   ((uintptr_t) footprint_region +
+                                   sizeof(*footprint_region));
+                               next_disp_p += footprint_region->cfr_num_pages;
+                               /* check that we're not going over the edge */
+                               if ((uintptr_t)next_disp_p >= footprint_edge) {
+                                       goto over_the_edge;
+                               }
+                               /* store "zero" disposition for this gap page */
+                               footprint_region->cfr_num_pages++;
+                               *next_disp_p = (cf_disp_t) 0;
+                               footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes++;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
 
+       for (va = old_entry->vme_start;
+           va < old_entry->vme_end;
+           va += effective_page_size) {
+               int             disposition;
+               cf_disp_t       cf_disp;
 
-void
-vm_map_disable_NX(vm_map_t map)
-{
-        if (map == NULL)
-               return;
-        if (map->pmap == NULL)
-               return;
+               vm_map_footprint_query_page_info(old_map,
+                   old_entry,
+                   va,
+                   &disposition);
+               cf_disp = vm_page_disposition_to_cf_disp(disposition);
 
-        pmap_disable_NX(map->pmap);
-}
+//             if (va < SHARED_REGION_BASE_ARM64) printf("FBDP collect map %p va 0x%llx disp 0x%x\n", new_map, va, disp);
 
-/* XXX Consider making these constants (VM_MAX_ADDRESS and MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS)
- * more descriptive.
- */
-void
-vm_map_set_32bit(vm_map_t map)
-{
-       map->max_offset = (vm_map_offset_t)VM_MAX_ADDRESS;
-}
+               if (cf_disp == 0 && footprint_region->cfr_num_pages == 0) {
+                       /*
+                        * Ignore "zero" dispositions at start of
+                        * region: just move start of region.
+                        */
+                       footprint_region->cfr_vaddr += effective_page_size;
+                       continue;
+               }
 
+               /* would region's cfr_num_pages overflow? */
+               if (os_add_overflow(footprint_region->cfr_num_pages, 1,
+                   &num_pages_tmp)) {
+                       /* overflow: create a new region */
+                       new_footprint_region =
+                           vm_map_corpse_footprint_new_region(
+                               footprint_header);
+                       if (new_footprint_region == NULL) {
+                               goto over_the_edge;
+                       }
+                       footprint_region = new_footprint_region;
+                       footprint_region->cfr_vaddr = va;
+                       footprint_region->cfr_num_pages = 0;
+               }
 
-void
-vm_map_set_64bit(vm_map_t map)
-{
-       map->max_offset = (vm_map_offset_t)MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS;
-}
+               next_disp_p = (cf_disp_t *) ((uintptr_t) footprint_region +
+                   sizeof(*footprint_region));
+               next_disp_p += footprint_region->cfr_num_pages;
+               /* check that we're not going over the edge */
+               if ((uintptr_t)next_disp_p >= footprint_edge) {
+                       goto over_the_edge;
+               }
+               /* store this dispostion */
+               *next_disp_p = cf_disp;
+               footprint_region->cfr_num_pages++;
+
+               if (cf_disp != 0) {
+                       /* non-zero disp: break the current zero streak */
+                       footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes = 0;
+                       /* done */
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-vm_map_offset_t
-vm_compute_max_offset(unsigned is64)
-{
-       return (is64 ? (vm_map_offset_t)MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS : (vm_map_offset_t)VM_MAX_ADDRESS);
-}
+               /* zero disp: add to the current streak of zeroes */
+               footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes++;
+               if ((footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes +
+                   roundup(((footprint_region->cfr_num_pages -
+                   footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes) * sizeof(cf_disp_t)) &
+                   (sizeof(int) - 1),
+                   sizeof(int))) <
+                   (sizeof(*footprint_header))) {
+                       /*
+                        * There are not enough trailing "zero" dispositions
+                        * (+ the extra padding we would need for the previous
+                        * region); creating a new region would not save space
+                        * at this point, so let's keep this "zero" disposition
+                        * in this region and reconsider later.
+                        */
+                       continue;
+               }
+               /*
+                * Create a new region to avoid having too many consecutive
+                * "zero" dispositions.
+                */
+               new_footprint_region =
+                   vm_map_corpse_footprint_new_region(footprint_header);
+               if (new_footprint_region == NULL) {
+                       goto over_the_edge;
+               }
+               footprint_region = new_footprint_region;
+               /* initialize the new region as empty ... */
+               footprint_region->cfr_num_pages = 0;
+               /* ... and skip this "zero" disp */
+               footprint_region->cfr_vaddr = va + effective_page_size;
+       }
 
-boolean_t
-vm_map_is_64bit(
-               vm_map_t map)
-{
-       return map->max_offset > ((vm_map_offset_t)VM_MAX_ADDRESS);
-}
+       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 
-boolean_t
-vm_map_has_4GB_pagezero(
-               vm_map_t map)
-{
-       /*
-        * XXX FBDP
-        * We should lock the VM map (for read) here but we can get away
-        * with it for now because there can't really be any race condition:
-        * the VM map's min_offset is changed only when the VM map is created
-        * and when the zero page is established (when the binary gets loaded),
-        * and this routine gets called only when the task terminates and the
-        * VM map is being torn down, and when a new map is created via
-        * load_machfile()/execve().
-        */
-       return (map->min_offset >= 0x100000000ULL);
+over_the_edge:
+//     printf("FBDP map %p footprint was full for va 0x%llx\n", new_map, va);
+       vm_map_corpse_footprint_full++;
+       return KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
 }
 
+/*
+ * vm_map_corpse_footprint_collect_done:
+ *     completes the footprint collection by getting rid of any remaining
+ *     trailing "zero" dispositions and trimming the unused part of the
+ *     kernel buffer
+ */
 void
-vm_map_set_4GB_pagezero(vm_map_t map)
+vm_map_corpse_footprint_collect_done(
+       vm_map_t        new_map)
 {
-#ifdef __i386__
-       pmap_set_4GB_pagezero(map->pmap);
-#else
-#pragma unused(map)
-#endif
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header *footprint_header;
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *footprint_region;
+       vm_size_t       buf_size, actual_size;
+       kern_return_t   kr;
+
+       assert(new_map->has_corpse_footprint);
+       if (!new_map->has_corpse_footprint ||
+           new_map->vmmap_corpse_footprint == NULL) {
+               return;
+       }
 
-}
+       footprint_header = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header *)
+           new_map->vmmap_corpse_footprint;
+       buf_size = footprint_header->cf_size;
+
+       footprint_region = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *)
+           ((char *)footprint_header +
+           footprint_header->cf_last_region);
+
+       /* get rid of trailing zeroes in last region */
+       assert(footprint_region->cfr_num_pages >= footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes);
+       footprint_region->cfr_num_pages -= footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes;
+       footprint_header->cf_last_zeroes = 0;
+
+       actual_size = (vm_size_t)(footprint_header->cf_last_region +
+           sizeof(*footprint_region) +
+           (footprint_region->cfr_num_pages * sizeof(cf_disp_t)));
+
+//     printf("FBDP map %p buf_size 0x%llx actual_size 0x%llx\n", new_map, (uint64_t) buf_size, (uint64_t) actual_size);
+       vm_map_corpse_footprint_size_avg =
+           (((vm_map_corpse_footprint_size_avg *
+           vm_map_corpse_footprint_count) +
+           actual_size) /
+           (vm_map_corpse_footprint_count + 1));
+       vm_map_corpse_footprint_count++;
+       if (actual_size > vm_map_corpse_footprint_size_max) {
+               vm_map_corpse_footprint_size_max = actual_size;
+       }
 
-void
-vm_map_clear_4GB_pagezero(vm_map_t map)
-{
-#ifdef __i386__
-       pmap_clear_4GB_pagezero(map->pmap);
-#else
-#pragma unused(map)
-#endif
+       actual_size = round_page(actual_size);
+       if (buf_size > actual_size) {
+               kr = vm_deallocate(kernel_map,
+                   ((vm_address_t)footprint_header +
+                   actual_size +
+                   PAGE_SIZE),                 /* trailing guard page */
+                   (buf_size - actual_size));
+               assertf(kr == KERN_SUCCESS,
+                   "trim: footprint_header %p buf_size 0x%llx actual_size 0x%llx kr=0x%x\n",
+                   footprint_header,
+                   (uint64_t) buf_size,
+                   (uint64_t) actual_size,
+                   kr);
+               kr = vm_protect(kernel_map,
+                   ((vm_address_t)footprint_header +
+                   actual_size),
+                   PAGE_SIZE,
+                   FALSE,             /* set_maximum */
+                   VM_PROT_NONE);
+               assertf(kr == KERN_SUCCESS,
+                   "guard: footprint_header %p buf_size 0x%llx actual_size 0x%llx kr=0x%x\n",
+                   footprint_header,
+                   (uint64_t) buf_size,
+                   (uint64_t) actual_size,
+                   kr);
+       }
+
+       footprint_header->cf_size = actual_size;
 }
 
 /*
- * Raise a VM map's minimum offset.
- * To strictly enforce "page zero" reservation.
+ * vm_map_corpse_footprint_query_page_info:
+ *     retrieves the disposition of the page at virtual address "vaddr"
+ *     in the forked corpse's VM map
+ *
+ * This is the equivalent of vm_map_footprint_query_page_info() for a forked corpse.
  */
 kern_return_t
-vm_map_raise_min_offset(
-       vm_map_t        map,
-       vm_map_offset_t new_min_offset)
+vm_map_corpse_footprint_query_page_info(
+       vm_map_t        map,
+       vm_map_offset_t va,
+       int             *disposition_p)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t  first_entry;
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header *footprint_header;
+       struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *footprint_region;
+       uint32_t        footprint_region_offset;
+       vm_map_offset_t region_start, region_end;
+       int             disp_idx;
+       kern_return_t   kr;
+       int             effective_page_size;
+       cf_disp_t       cf_disp;
+
+       if (!map->has_corpse_footprint) {
+               *disposition_p = 0;
+               kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               goto done;
+       }
+
+       footprint_header = map->vmmap_corpse_footprint;
+       if (footprint_header == NULL) {
+               *disposition_p = 0;
+//             if (va < SHARED_REGION_BASE_ARM64) printf("FBDP %d query map %p va 0x%llx disp 0x%x\n", __LINE__, map, va, *disposition_p);
+               kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+               goto done;
+       }
 
-       new_min_offset = vm_map_round_page(new_min_offset);
+       /* start looking at the hint ("cf_hint_region") */
+       footprint_region_offset = footprint_header->cf_hint_region;
 
-       vm_map_lock(map);
+       effective_page_size = MIN(PAGE_SIZE, VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map));
 
-       if (new_min_offset < map->min_offset) {
-               /*
-                * Can't move min_offset backwards, as that would expose
-                * a part of the address space that was previously, and for
-                * possibly good reasons, inaccessible.
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock(map);
-               return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+lookup_again:
+       if (footprint_region_offset < sizeof(*footprint_header)) {
+               /* hint too low: start from 1st region */
+               footprint_region_offset = sizeof(*footprint_header);
+       }
+       if (footprint_region_offset >= footprint_header->cf_last_region) {
+               /* hint too high: re-start from 1st region */
+               footprint_region_offset = sizeof(*footprint_header);
+       }
+       footprint_region = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *)
+           ((char *)footprint_header + footprint_region_offset);
+       region_start = footprint_region->cfr_vaddr;
+       region_end = (region_start +
+           ((vm_map_offset_t)(footprint_region->cfr_num_pages) *
+           effective_page_size));
+       if (va < region_start &&
+           footprint_region_offset != sizeof(*footprint_header)) {
+               /* our range starts before the hint region */
+
+               /* reset the hint (in a racy way...) */
+               footprint_header->cf_hint_region = sizeof(*footprint_header);
+               /* lookup "va" again from 1st region */
+               footprint_region_offset = sizeof(*footprint_header);
+               goto lookup_again;
        }
 
-       first_entry = vm_map_first_entry(map);
-       if (first_entry != vm_map_to_entry(map) &&
-           first_entry->vme_start < new_min_offset) {
-               /*
-                * Some memory was already allocated below the new
-                * minimun offset.  It's too late to change it now...
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock(map);
-               return KERN_NO_SPACE;
+       while (va >= region_end) {
+               if (footprint_region_offset >= footprint_header->cf_last_region) {
+                       break;
+               }
+               /* skip the region's header */
+               footprint_region_offset += sizeof(*footprint_region);
+               /* skip the region's page dispositions */
+               footprint_region_offset += (footprint_region->cfr_num_pages * sizeof(cf_disp_t));
+               /* align to next word boundary */
+               footprint_region_offset =
+                   roundup(footprint_region_offset,
+                   sizeof(int));
+               footprint_region = (struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_region *)
+                   ((char *)footprint_header + footprint_region_offset);
+               region_start = footprint_region->cfr_vaddr;
+               region_end = (region_start +
+                   ((vm_map_offset_t)(footprint_region->cfr_num_pages) *
+                   effective_page_size));
+       }
+       if (va < region_start || va >= region_end) {
+               /* page not found */
+               *disposition_p = 0;
+//             if (va < SHARED_REGION_BASE_ARM64) printf("FBDP %d query map %p va 0x%llx disp 0x%x\n", __LINE__, map, va, *disposition_p);
+               kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+               goto done;
        }
 
-       map->min_offset = new_min_offset;
+       /* "va" found: set the lookup hint for next lookup (in a racy way...) */
+       footprint_header->cf_hint_region = footprint_region_offset;
 
-       vm_map_unlock(map);
+       /* get page disposition for "va" in this region */
+       disp_idx = (int) ((va - footprint_region->cfr_vaddr) / effective_page_size);
+       cf_disp = footprint_region->cfr_disposition[disp_idx];
+       *disposition_p = vm_page_cf_disp_to_disposition(cf_disp);
+       kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
+done:
+//     if (va < SHARED_REGION_BASE_ARM64) printf("FBDP %d query map %p va 0x%llx disp 0x%x\n", __LINE__, map, va, *disposition_p);
+       /* dtrace -n 'vminfo:::footprint_query_page_info { printf("map 0x%p va 0x%llx disp 0x%x kr 0x%x", arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3); }' */
+       DTRACE_VM4(footprint_query_page_info,
+           vm_map_t, map,
+           vm_map_offset_t, va,
+           int, *disposition_p,
+           kern_return_t, kr);
 
-       return KERN_SUCCESS;
+       return kr;
 }
 
-/*
- * Set the limit on the maximum amount of user wired memory allowed for this map.
- * This is basically a copy of the MEMLOCK rlimit value maintained by the BSD side of
- * the kernel.  The limits are checked in the mach VM side, so we keep a copy so we
- * don't have to reach over to the BSD data structures.
- */
-
 void
-vm_map_set_user_wire_limit(vm_map_t    map,
-                          vm_size_t    limit)
+vm_map_corpse_footprint_destroy(
+       vm_map_t        map)
 {
-       map->user_wire_limit = limit;
+       if (map->has_corpse_footprint &&
+           map->vmmap_corpse_footprint != 0) {
+               struct vm_map_corpse_footprint_header *footprint_header;
+               vm_size_t buf_size;
+               kern_return_t kr;
+
+               footprint_header = map->vmmap_corpse_footprint;
+               buf_size = footprint_header->cf_size;
+               kr = vm_deallocate(kernel_map,
+                   (vm_offset_t) map->vmmap_corpse_footprint,
+                   ((vm_size_t) buf_size
+                   + PAGE_SIZE));                 /* trailing guard page */
+               assertf(kr == KERN_SUCCESS, "kr=0x%x\n", kr);
+               map->vmmap_corpse_footprint = 0;
+               map->has_corpse_footprint = FALSE;
+       }
 }
 
-
-void vm_map_switch_protect(vm_map_t    map, 
-                          boolean_t    val) 
+/*
+ * vm_map_copy_footprint_ledgers:
+ *     copies any ledger that's relevant to the memory footprint of "old_task"
+ *     into the forked corpse's task ("new_task")
+ */
+void
+vm_map_copy_footprint_ledgers(
+       task_t  old_task,
+       task_t  new_task)
 {
-       vm_map_lock(map);
-       map->switch_protect=val;
-       vm_map_unlock(map);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.phys_footprint);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.purgeable_nonvolatile);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.purgeable_nonvolatile_compressed);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.internal);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.internal_compressed);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.iokit_mapped);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.alternate_accounting);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.alternate_accounting_compressed);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.page_table);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.tagged_footprint);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.tagged_footprint_compressed);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.network_nonvolatile);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.network_nonvolatile_compressed);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.media_footprint);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.media_footprint_compressed);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.graphics_footprint);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.graphics_footprint_compressed);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.neural_footprint);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.neural_footprint_compressed);
+       vm_map_copy_ledger(old_task, new_task, task_ledgers.wired_mem);
 }
 
-/* Add (generate) code signature for memory range */
-#if CONFIG_DYNAMIC_CODE_SIGNING
-kern_return_t vm_map_sign(vm_map_t map, 
-                vm_map_offset_t start, 
-                vm_map_offset_t end)
+/*
+ * vm_map_copy_ledger:
+ *     copy a single ledger from "old_task" to "new_task"
+ */
+void
+vm_map_copy_ledger(
+       task_t  old_task,
+       task_t  new_task,
+       int     ledger_entry)
 {
-       vm_map_entry_t entry;
-       vm_page_t m;
-       vm_object_t object;
-       
-       /*
-        * Vet all the input parameters and current type and state of the
-        * underlaying object.  Return with an error if anything is amiss.
-        */
-       if (map == VM_MAP_NULL)
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-               
-       vm_map_lock_read(map);
-       
-       if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry) || entry->is_sub_map) {
-               /*
-                * Must pass a valid non-submap address.
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
-       }
-       
-       if((entry->vme_start > start) || (entry->vme_end < end)) {
-               /*
-                * Map entry doesn't cover the requested range. Not handling
-                * this situation currently.
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+       ledger_amount_t old_balance, new_balance, delta;
+
+       assert(new_task->map->has_corpse_footprint);
+       if (!new_task->map->has_corpse_footprint) {
+               return;
        }
-       
-       object = entry->object.vm_object;
-       if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
-               /*
-                * Object must already be present or we can't sign.
-                */
-               vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-               return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+
+       /* turn off sanity checks for the ledger we're about to mess with */
+       ledger_disable_panic_on_negative(new_task->ledger,
+           ledger_entry);
+
+       /* adjust "new_task" to match "old_task" */
+       ledger_get_balance(old_task->ledger,
+           ledger_entry,
+           &old_balance);
+       ledger_get_balance(new_task->ledger,
+           ledger_entry,
+           &new_balance);
+       if (new_balance == old_balance) {
+               /* new == old: done */
+       } else if (new_balance > old_balance) {
+               /* new > old ==> new -= new - old */
+               delta = new_balance - old_balance;
+               ledger_debit(new_task->ledger,
+                   ledger_entry,
+                   delta);
+       } else {
+               /* new < old ==> new += old - new */
+               delta = old_balance - new_balance;
+               ledger_credit(new_task->ledger,
+                   ledger_entry,
+                   delta);
        }
-       
-       vm_object_lock(object);
-       vm_map_unlock_read(map);
-       
-       while(start < end) {
-               uint32_t refmod;
-               
-               m = vm_page_lookup(object, start - entry->vme_start + entry->offset );
-               if (m==VM_PAGE_NULL) {
-                       /* shoud we try to fault a page here? we can probably 
-                        * demand it exists and is locked for this request */
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-                       return KERN_FAILURE;
-               }
-               /* deal with special page status */
-               if (m->busy || 
-                   (m->unusual && (m->error || m->restart || m->private || m->absent))) {
-                       vm_object_unlock(object);
-                       return KERN_FAILURE;
-               }
-               
-               /* Page is OK... now "validate" it */
-               /* This is the place where we'll call out to create a code 
-                * directory, later */
-               m->cs_validated = TRUE;
+}
 
-               /* The page is now "clean" for codesigning purposes. That means
-                * we don't consider it as modified (wpmapped) anymore. But 
-                * we'll disconnect the page so we note any future modification
-                * attempts. */
-               m->wpmapped = FALSE;
-               refmod = pmap_disconnect(m->phys_page);
-               
-               /* Pull the dirty status from the pmap, since we cleared the 
-                * wpmapped bit */
-               if ((refmod & VM_MEM_MODIFIED) && !m->dirty) {
-                       m->dirty = TRUE;
+#if MACH_ASSERT
+
+extern int pmap_ledgers_panic;
+extern int pmap_ledgers_panic_leeway;
+
+#define LEDGER_DRIFT(__LEDGER)                    \
+       int             __LEDGER##_over;          \
+       ledger_amount_t __LEDGER##_over_total;    \
+       ledger_amount_t __LEDGER##_over_max;      \
+       int             __LEDGER##_under;         \
+       ledger_amount_t __LEDGER##_under_total;   \
+       ledger_amount_t __LEDGER##_under_max
+
+struct {
+       uint64_t        num_pmaps_checked;
+
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(phys_footprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(internal);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(internal_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(iokit_mapped);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(alternate_accounting);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(alternate_accounting_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(page_table);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(purgeable_volatile);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(purgeable_nonvolatile);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(purgeable_volatile_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(purgeable_nonvolatile_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(tagged_nofootprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(tagged_footprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(tagged_nofootprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(tagged_footprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(network_volatile);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(network_nonvolatile);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(network_volatile_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(network_nonvolatile_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(media_nofootprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(media_footprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(media_nofootprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(media_footprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(graphics_nofootprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(graphics_footprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(graphics_nofootprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(graphics_footprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(neural_nofootprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(neural_footprint);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(neural_nofootprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_DRIFT(neural_footprint_compressed);
+} pmap_ledgers_drift;
+
+void
+vm_map_pmap_check_ledgers(
+       pmap_t          pmap,
+       ledger_t        ledger,
+       int             pid,
+       char            *procname)
+{
+       ledger_amount_t bal;
+       boolean_t       do_panic;
+
+       do_panic = FALSE;
+
+       pmap_ledgers_drift.num_pmaps_checked++;
+
+#define LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(__LEDGER)                                  \
+MACRO_BEGIN                                                             \
+       int panic_on_negative = TRUE;                                   \
+       ledger_get_balance(ledger,                                      \
+                          task_ledgers.__LEDGER,                       \
+                          &bal);                                       \
+       ledger_get_panic_on_negative(ledger,                            \
+                                    task_ledgers.__LEDGER,             \
+                                    &panic_on_negative);               \
+       if (bal != 0) {                                                 \
+               if (panic_on_negative ||                                \
+                   (pmap_ledgers_panic &&                              \
+                    pmap_ledgers_panic_leeway > 0 &&                   \
+                    (bal > (pmap_ledgers_panic_leeway * PAGE_SIZE) ||  \
+                     bal < (-pmap_ledgers_panic_leeway * PAGE_SIZE)))) { \
+                       do_panic = TRUE;                                \
+               }                                                       \
+               printf("LEDGER BALANCE proc %d (%s) "                   \
+                      "\"%s\" = %lld\n",                               \
+                      pid, procname, #__LEDGER, bal);                  \
+               if (bal > 0) {                                          \
+                       pmap_ledgers_drift.__LEDGER##_over++;           \
+                       pmap_ledgers_drift.__LEDGER##_over_total += bal; \
+                       if (bal > pmap_ledgers_drift.__LEDGER##_over_max) { \
+                               pmap_ledgers_drift.__LEDGER##_over_max = bal; \
+                       }                                               \
+               } else if (bal < 0) {                                   \
+                       pmap_ledgers_drift.__LEDGER##_under++;          \
+                       pmap_ledgers_drift.__LEDGER##_under_total += bal; \
+                       if (bal < pmap_ledgers_drift.__LEDGER##_under_max) { \
+                               pmap_ledgers_drift.__LEDGER##_under_max = bal; \
+                       }                                               \
+               }                                                       \
+       }                                                               \
+MACRO_END
+
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(phys_footprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(internal);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(internal_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(iokit_mapped);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(alternate_accounting);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(alternate_accounting_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(page_table);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(purgeable_volatile);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(purgeable_nonvolatile);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(purgeable_volatile_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(purgeable_nonvolatile_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(tagged_nofootprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(tagged_footprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(tagged_nofootprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(tagged_footprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(network_volatile);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(network_nonvolatile);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(network_volatile_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(network_nonvolatile_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(media_nofootprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(media_footprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(media_nofootprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(media_footprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(graphics_nofootprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(graphics_footprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(graphics_nofootprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(graphics_footprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(neural_nofootprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(neural_footprint);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(neural_nofootprint_compressed);
+       LEDGER_CHECK_BALANCE(neural_footprint_compressed);
+
+       if (do_panic) {
+               if (pmap_ledgers_panic) {
+                       panic("pmap_destroy(%p) %d[%s] has imbalanced ledgers\n",
+                           pmap, pid, procname);
+               } else {
+                       printf("pmap_destroy(%p) %d[%s] has imbalanced ledgers\n",
+                           pmap, pid, procname);
                }
-               
-               /* On to the next page */
-               start += PAGE_SIZE;
        }
-       vm_object_unlock(object);
-       
-       return KERN_SUCCESS;
 }
-#endif
+#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */