[apple/xnu.git] / bsd / vfs / vfs_subr.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 * 
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 * 
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 * 
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */
/* Copyright (c) 1995 NeXT Computer, Inc. All Rights Reserved */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by the University of
 *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *      @(#)vfs_subr.c  8.31 (Berkeley) 5/26/95
 */
/*
 * NOTICE: This file was modified by SPARTA, Inc. in 2005 to introduce
 * support for mandatory and extensible security protections.  This notice
 * is included in support of clause 2.2 (b) of the Apple Public License,
 * Version 2.0.
 */

/*
 * External virtual filesystem routines
 */


#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/proc_internal.h>
#include <sys/kauth.h>
#include <sys/mount_internal.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/vnode_internal.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/namei.h>
#include <sys/ucred.h>
#include <sys/buf_internal.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/uio_internal.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/domain.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#include <sys/ubc_internal.h>
#include <sys/vm.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/filedesc.h>
#include <sys/event.h>
#include <sys/kdebug.h>
#include <sys/kauth.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <sys/kern_memorystatus.h>
#include <miscfs/fifofs/fifo.h>

#include <string.h>
#include <machine/spl.h>


#include <kern/assert.h>

#include <miscfs/specfs/specdev.h>

#include <mach/mach_types.h>
#include <mach/memory_object_types.h>

#include <kern/kalloc.h>        /* kalloc()/kfree() */
#include <kern/clock.h>         /* delay_for_interval() */
#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>   /* OSAddAtomic() */


#include <vm/vm_protos.h>       /* vnode_pager_vrele() */

#if CONFIG_MACF
#include <security/mac_framework.h>
#endif

extern lck_grp_t *vnode_lck_grp;
extern lck_attr_t *vnode_lck_attr;


extern lck_mtx_t * mnt_list_mtx_lock;

enum vtype iftovt_tab[16] = {
        VNON, VFIFO, VCHR, VNON, VDIR, VNON, VBLK, VNON,
        VREG, VNON, VLNK, VNON, VSOCK, VNON, VNON, VBAD,
};
int     vttoif_tab[9] = {
        0, S_IFREG, S_IFDIR, S_IFBLK, S_IFCHR, S_IFLNK,
        S_IFSOCK, S_IFIFO, S_IFMT,
};

/* XXX next protptype should be from <nfs/nfs.h> */
extern int       nfs_vinvalbuf(vnode_t, int, vfs_context_t, int);

/* XXX next prototytype should be from libsa/stdlib.h> but conflicts libkern */
__private_extern__ void qsort(
    void * array,
    size_t nmembers,
    size_t member_size,
    int (*)(const void *, const void *));

extern kern_return_t adjust_vm_object_cache(vm_size_t oval, vm_size_t nval);
__private_extern__ void vntblinit(void);
__private_extern__ kern_return_t reset_vmobjectcache(unsigned int val1,
                        unsigned int val2);
__private_extern__ int unlink1(vfs_context_t, struct nameidata *, int);

extern int system_inshutdown;

static void vnode_list_add(vnode_t);
static void vnode_list_remove(vnode_t);
static void vnode_list_remove_locked(vnode_t);

static errno_t vnode_drain(vnode_t);
static void vgone(vnode_t, int flags);
static void vclean(vnode_t vp, int flag);
static void vnode_reclaim_internal(vnode_t, int, int, int);

static void vnode_dropiocount (vnode_t);
static errno_t vnode_getiocount(vnode_t vp, unsigned int vid, int vflags);

static vnode_t checkalias(vnode_t vp, dev_t nvp_rdev);
static int  vnode_reload(vnode_t);
static int  vnode_isinuse_locked(vnode_t, int, int);

static void insmntque(vnode_t vp, mount_t mp);
static int mount_getvfscnt(void);
static int mount_fillfsids(fsid_t *, int );
static void vnode_iterate_setup(mount_t);
int vnode_umount_preflight(mount_t, vnode_t, int);
static int vnode_iterate_prepare(mount_t);
static int vnode_iterate_reloadq(mount_t);
static void vnode_iterate_clear(mount_t);
static mount_t vfs_getvfs_locked(fsid_t *);

errno_t rmdir_remove_orphaned_appleDouble(vnode_t, vfs_context_t, int *); 

#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
static void record_vp(vnode_t vp, int count);
#endif

TAILQ_HEAD(freelst, vnode) vnode_free_list;     /* vnode free list */
TAILQ_HEAD(deadlst, vnode) vnode_dead_list;     /* vnode dead list */

TAILQ_HEAD(ragelst, vnode) vnode_rage_list;     /* vnode rapid age list */
struct timeval rage_tv;
int     rage_limit = 0;
int     ragevnodes = 0;                    

#define RAGE_LIMIT_MIN  100
#define RAGE_TIME_LIMIT 5

struct mntlist mountlist;                       /* mounted filesystem list */
static int nummounts = 0;

#if DIAGNOSTIC
#define VLISTCHECK(fun, vp, list)       \
        if ((vp)->v_freelist.tqe_prev == (struct vnode **)0xdeadb) \
                panic("%s: %s vnode not on %slist", (fun), (list), (list));
#else
#define VLISTCHECK(fun, vp, list)
#endif /* DIAGNOSTIC */

#define VLISTNONE(vp)   \
        do {    \
                (vp)->v_freelist.tqe_next = (struct vnode *)0;  \
                (vp)->v_freelist.tqe_prev = (struct vnode **)0xdeadb;   \
        } while(0)

#define VONLIST(vp)     \
        ((vp)->v_freelist.tqe_prev != (struct vnode **)0xdeadb)

/* remove a vnode from free vnode list */
#define VREMFREE(fun, vp)       \
        do {    \
                VLISTCHECK((fun), (vp), "free");        \
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&vnode_free_list, (vp), v_freelist);       \
                VLISTNONE((vp));        \
                freevnodes--;   \
        } while(0)



/* remove a vnode from dead vnode list */
#define VREMDEAD(fun, vp)       \
        do {    \
                VLISTCHECK((fun), (vp), "dead");        \
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&vnode_dead_list, (vp), v_freelist);       \
                VLISTNONE((vp));        \
                vp->v_listflag &= ~VLIST_DEAD;  \
                deadvnodes--;   \
        } while(0)


/* remove a vnode from rage vnode list */
#define VREMRAGE(fun, vp)       \
        do {    \
                if ( !(vp->v_listflag & VLIST_RAGE))                    \
                        panic("VREMRAGE: vp not on rage list");         \
                VLISTCHECK((fun), (vp), "rage");                        \
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&vnode_rage_list, (vp), v_freelist);       \
                VLISTNONE((vp));                \
                vp->v_listflag &= ~VLIST_RAGE;  \
                ragevnodes--;                   \
        } while(0)


/*
 * vnodetarget hasn't been used in a long time, but
 * it was exported for some reason... I'm leaving in
 * place for now...  it should be deprecated out of the
 * exports and removed eventually.
 */
u_int32_t vnodetarget;          /* target for vnreclaim() */
#define VNODE_FREE_TARGET       20      /* Default value for vnodetarget */

/*
 * We need quite a few vnodes on the free list to sustain the
 * rapid stat() the compilation process does, and still benefit from the name
 * cache. Having too few vnodes on the free list causes serious disk
 * thrashing as we cycle through them.
 */
#define VNODE_FREE_MIN          CONFIG_VNODE_FREE_MIN   /* freelist should have at least this many */

/*
 * Initialize the vnode management data structures.
 */
__private_extern__ void
vntblinit(void)
{
        TAILQ_INIT(&vnode_free_list);
        TAILQ_INIT(&vnode_rage_list);
        TAILQ_INIT(&vnode_dead_list);
        TAILQ_INIT(&mountlist);

        if (!vnodetarget)
                vnodetarget = VNODE_FREE_TARGET;

        microuptime(&rage_tv);
        rage_limit = desiredvnodes / 100;

        if (rage_limit < RAGE_LIMIT_MIN)
                rage_limit = RAGE_LIMIT_MIN;
        
        /*
         * Scale the vm_object_cache to accomodate the vnodes 
         * we want to cache
         */
        (void) adjust_vm_object_cache(0, desiredvnodes - VNODE_FREE_MIN);
}

/* Reset the VM Object Cache with the values passed in */
__private_extern__ kern_return_t
reset_vmobjectcache(unsigned int val1, unsigned int val2)
{
        vm_size_t oval = val1 - VNODE_FREE_MIN;
        vm_size_t nval;
        
        if (val1 == val2) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        if(val2 < VNODE_FREE_MIN)
                nval = 0;
        else
                nval = val2 - VNODE_FREE_MIN;

        return(adjust_vm_object_cache(oval, nval));
}


/* the timeout is in 10 msecs */
int
vnode_waitforwrites(vnode_t vp, int output_target, int slpflag, int slptimeout, const char *msg) {
        int error = 0;
        struct timespec ts;

        KERNEL_DEBUG(0x3010280 | DBG_FUNC_START, (int)vp, output_target, vp->v_numoutput, 0, 0);

        if (vp->v_numoutput > output_target) {

                slpflag |= PDROP;

                vnode_lock_spin(vp);

                while ((vp->v_numoutput > output_target) && error == 0) {
                        if (output_target)
                                vp->v_flag |= VTHROTTLED;
                        else
                                vp->v_flag |= VBWAIT;

                        ts.tv_sec = (slptimeout/100);
                        ts.tv_nsec = (slptimeout % 1000)  * 10 * NSEC_PER_USEC * 1000 ;
                        error = msleep((caddr_t)&vp->v_numoutput, &vp->v_lock, (slpflag | (PRIBIO + 1)), msg, &ts);

                        vnode_lock_spin(vp);
                }
                vnode_unlock(vp);
        }
        KERNEL_DEBUG(0x3010280 | DBG_FUNC_END, (int)vp, output_target, vp->v_numoutput, error, 0);

        return error;
}


void
vnode_startwrite(vnode_t vp) {

        OSAddAtomic(1, &vp->v_numoutput);
}


void
vnode_writedone(vnode_t vp)
{
        if (vp) {
                OSAddAtomic(-1, &vp->v_numoutput);

                if (vp->v_numoutput <= 1) {
                        int need_wakeup = 0;

                        vnode_lock_spin(vp);

                        if (vp->v_numoutput < 0)
                                panic("vnode_writedone: numoutput < 0");

                        if ((vp->v_flag & VTHROTTLED) && (vp->v_numoutput <= 1)) {
                                vp->v_flag &= ~VTHROTTLED;
                                need_wakeup = 1;
                        }
                        if ((vp->v_flag & VBWAIT) && (vp->v_numoutput == 0)) {
                                vp->v_flag &= ~VBWAIT;
                                need_wakeup = 1;
                        }
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                
                        if (need_wakeup)
                                wakeup((caddr_t)&vp->v_numoutput);
                }
        }
}



int
vnode_hasdirtyblks(vnode_t vp)
{
        struct cl_writebehind *wbp;

        /*
         * Not taking the buf_mtxp as there is little
         * point doing it. Even if the lock is taken the
         * state can change right after that. If their 
         * needs to be a synchronization, it must be driven
         * by the caller
         */ 
        if (vp->v_dirtyblkhd.lh_first)
                return (1);
        
        if (!UBCINFOEXISTS(vp))
                return (0);

        wbp = vp->v_ubcinfo->cl_wbehind;

        if (wbp && (wbp->cl_number || wbp->cl_scmap))
                return (1);

        return (0);
}

int
vnode_hascleanblks(vnode_t vp)
{
        /*
         * Not taking the buf_mtxp as there is little
         * point doing it. Even if the lock is taken the
         * state can change right after that. If their 
         * needs to be a synchronization, it must be driven
         * by the caller
         */ 
        if (vp->v_cleanblkhd.lh_first)
                return (1);
        return (0);
}

void
vnode_iterate_setup(mount_t mp)
{
        while (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LITER) {
                mp->mnt_lflag |= MNT_LITERWAIT;
                msleep((caddr_t)mp, &mp->mnt_mlock, PVFS, "vnode_iterate_setup", NULL); 
        }

        mp->mnt_lflag |= MNT_LITER;

}

int
vnode_umount_preflight(mount_t mp, vnode_t skipvp, int flags)
{
        vnode_t vp;

        TAILQ_FOREACH(vp, &mp->mnt_vnodelist, v_mntvnodes) {
                /* disable preflight only for udf, a hack to be removed after 4073176 is fixed */
                if (vp->v_tag == VT_UDF)
                        return 0;
                if (vp->v_type == VDIR)
                        continue;
                if (vp == skipvp)
                        continue;
                if ((flags & SKIPSYSTEM) && ((vp->v_flag & VSYSTEM) ||
            (vp->v_flag & VNOFLUSH)))
                        continue;
                if ((flags & SKIPSWAP) && (vp->v_flag & VSWAP))
                        continue;
                if ((flags & WRITECLOSE) &&
            (vp->v_writecount == 0 || vp->v_type != VREG)) 
                        continue;
                /* Look for busy vnode */
        if (((vp->v_usecount != 0) &&
            ((vp->v_usecount - vp->v_kusecount) != 0))) 
                        return(1);
                }
        
        return(0);
}

/* 
 * This routine prepares iteration by moving all the vnodes to worker queue
 * called with mount lock held
 */
int
vnode_iterate_prepare(mount_t mp)
{
        vnode_t vp;

        if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&mp->mnt_vnodelist)) {
                /* nothing to do */
                return (0);
        } 

        vp = TAILQ_FIRST(&mp->mnt_vnodelist);
        vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev = &(mp->mnt_workerqueue.tqh_first);
        mp->mnt_workerqueue.tqh_first = mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_first;
        mp->mnt_workerqueue.tqh_last = mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_last;

        TAILQ_INIT(&mp->mnt_vnodelist);
        if (mp->mnt_newvnodes.tqh_first != NULL)
                panic("vnode_iterate_prepare: newvnode when entering vnode");
        TAILQ_INIT(&mp->mnt_newvnodes);

        return (1);
}


/* called with mount lock held */
int 
vnode_iterate_reloadq(mount_t mp)
{
        int moved = 0;

        /* add the remaining entries in workerq to the end of mount vnode list */
        if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&mp->mnt_workerqueue)) {
                struct vnode * mvp;
                mvp = TAILQ_LAST(&mp->mnt_vnodelist, vnodelst);
                
                /* Joining the workerque entities to mount vnode list */
                if (mvp)
                        mvp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next = mp->mnt_workerqueue.tqh_first;
                else
                        mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_first = mp->mnt_workerqueue.tqh_first;
                mp->mnt_workerqueue.tqh_first->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev = mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_last;
                mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_last = mp->mnt_workerqueue.tqh_last;
                TAILQ_INIT(&mp->mnt_workerqueue);
        }

        /* add the newvnodes to the head of mount vnode list */
        if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&mp->mnt_newvnodes)) {
                struct vnode * nlvp;
                nlvp = TAILQ_LAST(&mp->mnt_newvnodes, vnodelst);
                
                mp->mnt_newvnodes.tqh_first->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev = &mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_first;
                nlvp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next = mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_first;
                if(mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_first) 
                        mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_first->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev = &nlvp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next;
                else
                        mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_last = mp->mnt_newvnodes.tqh_last;
                mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_first = mp->mnt_newvnodes.tqh_first;
                TAILQ_INIT(&mp->mnt_newvnodes);
                moved = 1;
        }

        return(moved);
}


void
vnode_iterate_clear(mount_t mp)
{
        mp->mnt_lflag &= ~MNT_LITER;
        if (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LITERWAIT) {
                mp->mnt_lflag &= ~MNT_LITERWAIT;
                wakeup(mp);
        }
}


int
vnode_iterate(mount_t mp, int flags, int (*callout)(struct vnode *, void *),
              void *arg)
{
        struct vnode *vp;
        int vid, retval;
        int ret = 0;

        mount_lock(mp);

        vnode_iterate_setup(mp);

        /* it is returns 0 then there is nothing to do */
        retval = vnode_iterate_prepare(mp);

        if (retval == 0)  {
                vnode_iterate_clear(mp);
                mount_unlock(mp);
                return(ret);
        }
        
        /* iterate over all the vnodes */
        while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&mp->mnt_workerqueue)) {
                vp = TAILQ_FIRST(&mp->mnt_workerqueue);
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&mp->mnt_workerqueue, vp, v_mntvnodes);
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mp->mnt_vnodelist, vp, v_mntvnodes);
                vid = vp->v_id;
                if ((vp->v_data == NULL) || (vp->v_type == VNON) || (vp->v_mount != mp)) {
                        continue;
                }
                mount_unlock(mp);

                if ( vget_internal(vp, vid, (flags | VNODE_NODEAD| VNODE_WITHID | VNODE_NOSUSPEND))) {
                        mount_lock(mp);
                        continue;       
                }
                if (flags & VNODE_RELOAD) {
                        /*
                         * we're reloading the filesystem
                         * cast out any inactive vnodes...
                         */
                        if (vnode_reload(vp)) {
                                /* vnode will be recycled on the refcount drop */
                                vnode_put(vp);
                                mount_lock(mp);
                                continue;
                        }
                }

                retval = callout(vp, arg);

                switch (retval) {
                  case VNODE_RETURNED:
                  case VNODE_RETURNED_DONE:
                          vnode_put(vp);
                          if (retval == VNODE_RETURNED_DONE) {
                                mount_lock(mp);
                                ret = 0;
                                goto out;
                          }
                          break;

                  case VNODE_CLAIMED_DONE:
                                mount_lock(mp);
                                ret = 0;
                                goto out;
                  case VNODE_CLAIMED:
                  default:
                                break;
                }
                mount_lock(mp);
        }

out:
        (void)vnode_iterate_reloadq(mp);
        vnode_iterate_clear(mp);
        mount_unlock(mp);
        return (ret);
}

void
mount_lock_renames(mount_t mp)
{
        lck_mtx_lock(&mp->mnt_renamelock);
}

void
mount_unlock_renames(mount_t mp)
{
        lck_mtx_unlock(&mp->mnt_renamelock);
}

void
mount_lock(mount_t mp)
{
        lck_mtx_lock(&mp->mnt_mlock);
}

void
mount_lock_spin(mount_t mp)
{
        lck_mtx_lock_spin(&mp->mnt_mlock);
}

void
mount_unlock(mount_t mp)
{
        lck_mtx_unlock(&mp->mnt_mlock);
}


void
mount_ref(mount_t mp, int locked)
{
        if ( !locked)
                mount_lock_spin(mp);
        
        mp->mnt_count++;

        if ( !locked)
                mount_unlock(mp);
}


void
mount_drop(mount_t mp, int locked)
{
        if ( !locked)
                mount_lock_spin(mp);
        
        mp->mnt_count--;

        if (mp->mnt_count == 0 && (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LDRAIN))
                wakeup(&mp->mnt_lflag);

        if ( !locked)
                mount_unlock(mp);
}


int
mount_iterref(mount_t mp, int locked)
{
        int retval = 0;

        if (!locked)
                mount_list_lock();
        if (mp->mnt_iterref < 0) {
                retval = 1;
        } else {
                mp->mnt_iterref++;
        }
        if (!locked)
                mount_list_unlock();
        return(retval);
}

int
mount_isdrained(mount_t mp, int locked)
{
        int retval;

        if (!locked)
                mount_list_lock();
        if (mp->mnt_iterref < 0)
                retval = 1;
        else
                retval = 0;     
        if (!locked)
                mount_list_unlock();
        return(retval);
}

void
mount_iterdrop(mount_t mp)
{
        mount_list_lock();
        mp->mnt_iterref--;
        wakeup(&mp->mnt_iterref);
        mount_list_unlock();
}

void
mount_iterdrain(mount_t mp)
{
        mount_list_lock();
        while (mp->mnt_iterref)
                msleep((caddr_t)&mp->mnt_iterref, mnt_list_mtx_lock, PVFS, "mount_iterdrain", NULL);
        /* mount iterations drained */
        mp->mnt_iterref = -1;
        mount_list_unlock();
}
void
mount_iterreset(mount_t mp)
{
        mount_list_lock();
        if (mp->mnt_iterref == -1)
                mp->mnt_iterref = 0;
        mount_list_unlock();
}

/* always called with  mount lock held */
int 
mount_refdrain(mount_t mp)
{
        if (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LDRAIN)
                panic("already in drain");
        mp->mnt_lflag |= MNT_LDRAIN;

        while (mp->mnt_count)
                msleep((caddr_t)&mp->mnt_lflag, &mp->mnt_mlock, PVFS, "mount_drain", NULL);

        if (mp->mnt_vnodelist.tqh_first != NULL)
                 panic("mount_refdrain: dangling vnode"); 

        mp->mnt_lflag &= ~MNT_LDRAIN;

        return(0);
}


/*
 * Mark a mount point as busy. Used to synchronize access and to delay
 * unmounting.
 */
int
vfs_busy(mount_t mp, int flags)
{

restart:
        if (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LDEAD)
                return(ENOENT);

        if (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LUNMOUNT) {
                if (flags & LK_NOWAIT)
                        return (ENOENT);

                mount_lock(mp);

                if (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LDEAD) {
                        mount_unlock(mp);
                        return(ENOENT);
                }
                if (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LUNMOUNT) {
                        mp->mnt_lflag |= MNT_LWAIT;
                        /*
                         * Since all busy locks are shared except the exclusive
                         * lock granted when unmounting, the only place that a
                         * wakeup needs to be done is at the release of the
                         * exclusive lock at the end of dounmount.
                         */
                        msleep((caddr_t)mp, &mp->mnt_mlock, (PVFS | PDROP), "vfsbusy", NULL);
                        return (ENOENT);
                }
                mount_unlock(mp);
        }

        lck_rw_lock_shared(&mp->mnt_rwlock);

        /* 
         * until we are granted the rwlock, it's possible for the mount point to
         * change state, so reevaluate before granting the vfs_busy
         */
        if (mp->mnt_lflag & (MNT_LDEAD | MNT_LUNMOUNT)) {
                lck_rw_done(&mp->mnt_rwlock);
                goto restart;
        }
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Free a busy filesystem.
 */

void
vfs_unbusy(mount_t mp)
{
        lck_rw_done(&mp->mnt_rwlock);
}



static void
vfs_rootmountfailed(mount_t mp) {

        mount_list_lock();
        mp->mnt_vtable->vfc_refcount--;
        mount_list_unlock();

        vfs_unbusy(mp);

        mount_lock_destroy(mp);

#if CONFIG_MACF
        mac_mount_label_destroy(mp);
#endif

        FREE_ZONE(mp, sizeof(struct mount), M_MOUNT);
}

/*
 * Lookup a filesystem type, and if found allocate and initialize
 * a mount structure for it.
 *
 * Devname is usually updated by mount(8) after booting.
 */
static mount_t
vfs_rootmountalloc_internal(struct vfstable *vfsp, const char *devname)
{
        mount_t mp;

        mp = _MALLOC_ZONE(sizeof(struct mount), M_MOUNT, M_WAITOK);
        bzero((char *)mp, sizeof(struct mount));

        /* Initialize the default IO constraints */
        mp->mnt_maxreadcnt = mp->mnt_maxwritecnt = MAXPHYS;
        mp->mnt_segreadcnt = mp->mnt_segwritecnt = 32;
        mp->mnt_maxsegreadsize = mp->mnt_maxreadcnt;
        mp->mnt_maxsegwritesize = mp->mnt_maxwritecnt;
        mp->mnt_devblocksize = DEV_BSIZE;
        mp->mnt_alignmentmask = PAGE_MASK;
        mp->mnt_ioqueue_depth = MNT_DEFAULT_IOQUEUE_DEPTH;
        mp->mnt_ioscale = 1;
        mp->mnt_ioflags = 0;
        mp->mnt_realrootvp = NULLVP;
        mp->mnt_authcache_ttl = CACHED_LOOKUP_RIGHT_TTL;

        mount_lock_init(mp);
        (void)vfs_busy(mp, LK_NOWAIT);

        TAILQ_INIT(&mp->mnt_vnodelist);
        TAILQ_INIT(&mp->mnt_workerqueue);
        TAILQ_INIT(&mp->mnt_newvnodes);

        mp->mnt_vtable = vfsp;
        mp->mnt_op = vfsp->vfc_vfsops;
        mp->mnt_flag = MNT_RDONLY | MNT_ROOTFS;
        mp->mnt_vnodecovered = NULLVP;
        //mp->mnt_stat.f_type = vfsp->vfc_typenum;
        mp->mnt_flag |= vfsp->vfc_flags & MNT_VISFLAGMASK;

        mount_list_lock();
        vfsp->vfc_refcount++;
        mount_list_unlock();

        strncpy(mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fstypename, vfsp->vfc_name, MFSTYPENAMELEN);
        mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_mntonname[0] = '/';
        /* XXX const poisoning layering violation */
        (void) copystr((const void *)devname, mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_mntfromname, MAXPATHLEN - 1, NULL);

#if CONFIG_MACF
        mac_mount_label_init(mp);
        mac_mount_label_associate(vfs_context_kernel(), mp);
#endif
        return (mp);
}

errno_t
vfs_rootmountalloc(const char *fstypename, const char *devname, mount_t *mpp)
{
        struct vfstable *vfsp;

        for (vfsp = vfsconf; vfsp; vfsp = vfsp->vfc_next)
                if (!strncmp(vfsp->vfc_name, fstypename,
                             sizeof(vfsp->vfc_name)))
                        break;
        if (vfsp == NULL)
                return (ENODEV);

        *mpp = vfs_rootmountalloc_internal(vfsp, devname);

        if (*mpp)
                return (0);

        return (ENOMEM);
}


/*
 * Find an appropriate filesystem to use for the root. If a filesystem
 * has not been preselected, walk through the list of known filesystems
 * trying those that have mountroot routines, and try them until one
 * works or we have tried them all.
 */
extern int (*mountroot)(void);

int
vfs_mountroot(void)
{
#if CONFIG_MACF
        struct vnode *vp;
#endif
        struct vfstable *vfsp;
        vfs_context_t ctx = vfs_context_kernel();
        struct vfs_attr vfsattr;
        int     error;
        mount_t mp;
        vnode_t bdevvp_rootvp;

        if (mountroot != NULL) {
                /*
                 * used for netboot which follows a different set of rules
                 */
                error = (*mountroot)();
                return (error);
        }
        if ((error = bdevvp(rootdev, &rootvp))) {
                printf("vfs_mountroot: can't setup bdevvp\n");
                return (error);
        }
        /*
         * 4951998 - code we call in vfc_mountroot may replace rootvp 
         * so keep a local copy for some house keeping.
         */
        bdevvp_rootvp = rootvp;

        for (vfsp = vfsconf; vfsp; vfsp = vfsp->vfc_next) {
                if (vfsp->vfc_mountroot == NULL)
                        continue;

                mp = vfs_rootmountalloc_internal(vfsp, "root_device");
                mp->mnt_devvp = rootvp;

                if ((error = (*vfsp->vfc_mountroot)(mp, rootvp, ctx)) == 0) {
                        if ( bdevvp_rootvp != rootvp ) {
                                /*
                                 * rootvp changed...
                                 *   bump the iocount and fix up mnt_devvp for the
                                 *   new rootvp (it will already have a usecount taken)...
                                 *   drop the iocount and the usecount on the orignal
                                 *   since we are no longer going to use it...
                                 */
                                vnode_getwithref(rootvp);
                                mp->mnt_devvp = rootvp;

                                vnode_rele(bdevvp_rootvp);
                                vnode_put(bdevvp_rootvp);
                        }
                        mp->mnt_devvp->v_specflags |= SI_MOUNTEDON;

                        vfs_unbusy(mp);

                        mount_list_add(mp);

                        /*
                         *   cache the IO attributes for the underlying physical media...
                         *   an error return indicates the underlying driver doesn't
                         *   support all the queries necessary... however, reasonable
                         *   defaults will have been set, so no reason to bail or care
                         */
                        vfs_init_io_attributes(rootvp, mp);

                        /*
                         * Shadow the VFC_VFSNATIVEXATTR flag to MNTK_EXTENDED_ATTRS.
                         */
                        if (mp->mnt_vtable->vfc_vfsflags & VFC_VFSNATIVEXATTR) {
                                mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_EXTENDED_ATTRS;
                        }
                        if (mp->mnt_vtable->vfc_vfsflags & VFC_VFSPREFLIGHT) {
                                mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_UNMOUNT_PREFLIGHT;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Probe root file system for additional features.
                         */
                        (void)VFS_START(mp, 0, ctx);

                        VFSATTR_INIT(&vfsattr);
                        VFSATTR_WANTED(&vfsattr, f_capabilities);
                        if (vfs_getattr(mp, &vfsattr, ctx) == 0 && 
                            VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&vfsattr, f_capabilities)) {
                                if ((vfsattr.f_capabilities.capabilities[VOL_CAPABILITIES_INTERFACES] & VOL_CAP_INT_EXTENDED_ATTR) &&
                                    (vfsattr.f_capabilities.valid[VOL_CAPABILITIES_INTERFACES] & VOL_CAP_INT_EXTENDED_ATTR)) {
                                        mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_EXTENDED_ATTRS;
                                }
#if NAMEDSTREAMS
                                if ((vfsattr.f_capabilities.capabilities[VOL_CAPABILITIES_INTERFACES] & VOL_CAP_INT_NAMEDSTREAMS) &&
                                    (vfsattr.f_capabilities.valid[VOL_CAPABILITIES_INTERFACES] & VOL_CAP_INT_NAMEDSTREAMS)) {
                                        mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_NAMED_STREAMS;
                                }
#endif
                                if ((vfsattr.f_capabilities.capabilities[VOL_CAPABILITIES_FORMAT] & VOL_CAP_FMT_PATH_FROM_ID) &&
                                    (vfsattr.f_capabilities.valid[VOL_CAPABILITIES_FORMAT] & VOL_CAP_FMT_PATH_FROM_ID)) {
                                        mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_PATH_FROM_ID;
                                }
                        }

                        /*
                         * get rid of iocount reference returned
                         * by bdevvp (or picked up by us on the substitued
                         * rootvp)... it (or we) will have also taken
                         * a usecount reference which we want to keep
                         */
                        vnode_put(rootvp);

#if CONFIG_MACF
                        if ((vfs_flags(mp) & MNT_MULTILABEL) == 0)
                                return (0);

                        error = VFS_ROOT(mp, &vp, ctx);
                        if (error) {
                                printf("%s() VFS_ROOT() returned %d\n",
                                    __func__, error);
                                dounmount(mp, MNT_FORCE, 0, ctx);
                                goto fail;
                        }
                        error = vnode_label(mp, NULL, vp, NULL, 0, ctx);
                        /*
                         * get rid of reference provided by VFS_ROOT
                         */
                        vnode_put(vp);

                        if (error) {
                                printf("%s() vnode_label() returned %d\n",
                                    __func__, error);
                                dounmount(mp, MNT_FORCE, 0, ctx);
                                goto fail;
                        }
#endif
                        return (0);
                }
#if CONFIG_MACF
fail:
#endif
                vfs_rootmountfailed(mp);
                
                if (error != EINVAL)
                        printf("%s_mountroot failed: %d\n", vfsp->vfc_name, error);
        }
        return (ENODEV);
}

/*
 * Lookup a mount point by filesystem identifier.
 */

struct mount *
vfs_getvfs(fsid_t *fsid)
{
        return (mount_list_lookupby_fsid(fsid, 0, 0));
}

static struct mount *
vfs_getvfs_locked(fsid_t *fsid)
{
        return(mount_list_lookupby_fsid(fsid, 1, 0));
}

struct mount *
vfs_getvfs_by_mntonname(char *path)
{
        mount_t retmp = (mount_t)0;
        mount_t mp;

        mount_list_lock();
        TAILQ_FOREACH(mp, &mountlist, mnt_list) {
                if (!strncmp(mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_mntonname, path,
                                        sizeof(mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_mntonname))) {
                        retmp = mp;
                        goto out;
                }
        }
out:
        mount_list_unlock();
        return (retmp);
}

/* generation number for creation of new fsids */
u_short mntid_gen = 0;
/*
 * Get a new unique fsid
 */
void
vfs_getnewfsid(struct mount *mp)
{

        fsid_t tfsid;
        int mtype;
        mount_t nmp;

        mount_list_lock();

        /* generate a new fsid */
        mtype = mp->mnt_vtable->vfc_typenum;
        if (++mntid_gen == 0)
                mntid_gen++;
        tfsid.val[0] = makedev(nblkdev + mtype, mntid_gen);
        tfsid.val[1] = mtype;

        TAILQ_FOREACH(nmp, &mountlist, mnt_list) {
                while (vfs_getvfs_locked(&tfsid)) {
                        if (++mntid_gen == 0)
                                mntid_gen++;
                        tfsid.val[0] = makedev(nblkdev + mtype, mntid_gen);
                }
        }
        mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fsid.val[0] = tfsid.val[0];
        mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fsid.val[1] = tfsid.val[1];
        mount_list_unlock();
}

/*
 * Routines having to do with the management of the vnode table.
 */
extern int (**dead_vnodeop_p)(void *);
long numvnodes, freevnodes, deadvnodes;


/*
 * Move a vnode from one mount queue to another.
 */
static void
insmntque(vnode_t vp, mount_t mp)
{
        mount_t lmp;
        /*
         * Delete from old mount point vnode list, if on one.
         */
        if ( (lmp = vp->v_mount) != NULL && lmp != dead_mountp) {
                if ((vp->v_lflag & VNAMED_MOUNT) == 0)
                        panic("insmntque: vp not in mount vnode list");
                vp->v_lflag &= ~VNAMED_MOUNT;

                mount_lock_spin(lmp);

                mount_drop(lmp, 1);

                if (vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next == NULL) {
                        if (TAILQ_LAST(&lmp->mnt_vnodelist, vnodelst) == vp)
                                TAILQ_REMOVE(&lmp->mnt_vnodelist, vp, v_mntvnodes);
                        else if (TAILQ_LAST(&lmp->mnt_newvnodes, vnodelst) == vp)
                                TAILQ_REMOVE(&lmp->mnt_newvnodes, vp, v_mntvnodes);
                        else if (TAILQ_LAST(&lmp->mnt_workerqueue, vnodelst) == vp)
                                TAILQ_REMOVE(&lmp->mnt_workerqueue, vp, v_mntvnodes);
                 } else {
                        vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev = vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev;
                        *vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev = vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next;
                }       
                vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next = NULL;
                vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev = NULL;
                mount_unlock(lmp);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Insert into list of vnodes for the new mount point, if available.
         */
        if ((vp->v_mount = mp) != NULL) {
                mount_lock_spin(mp);
                if ((vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next != 0) && (vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev != 0))
                        panic("vp already in mount list");
                if (mp->mnt_lflag & MNT_LITER)
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&mp->mnt_newvnodes, vp, v_mntvnodes);
                else
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&mp->mnt_vnodelist, vp, v_mntvnodes);
                if (vp->v_lflag & VNAMED_MOUNT)
                        panic("insmntque: vp already in mount vnode list");
                vp->v_lflag |= VNAMED_MOUNT;
                mount_ref(mp, 1);
                mount_unlock(mp);
        }
}


/*
 * Create a vnode for a block device.
 * Used for root filesystem, argdev, and swap areas.
 * Also used for memory file system special devices.
 */
int
bdevvp(dev_t dev, vnode_t *vpp)
{
        vnode_t nvp;
        int     error;
        struct vnode_fsparam vfsp;
        struct vfs_context context;

        if (dev == NODEV) {
                *vpp = NULLVP;
                return (ENODEV);
        }

        context.vc_thread = current_thread();
        context.vc_ucred = FSCRED;

        vfsp.vnfs_mp = (struct mount *)0;
        vfsp.vnfs_vtype = VBLK;
        vfsp.vnfs_str = "bdevvp";
        vfsp.vnfs_dvp = NULL;
        vfsp.vnfs_fsnode = NULL;
        vfsp.vnfs_cnp = NULL;
        vfsp.vnfs_vops = spec_vnodeop_p;
        vfsp.vnfs_rdev = dev;
        vfsp.vnfs_filesize = 0;

        vfsp.vnfs_flags = VNFS_NOCACHE | VNFS_CANTCACHE;

        vfsp.vnfs_marksystem = 0;
        vfsp.vnfs_markroot = 0;

        if ( (error = vnode_create(VNCREATE_FLAVOR, VCREATESIZE, &vfsp, &nvp)) ) {
                *vpp = NULLVP;
                return (error);
        }
        vnode_lock_spin(nvp);
        nvp->v_flag |= VBDEVVP;
        nvp->v_tag = VT_NON;    /* set this to VT_NON so during aliasing it can be replaced */
        vnode_unlock(nvp);
        if ( (error = vnode_ref(nvp)) ) {
                panic("bdevvp failed: vnode_ref");
                return (error);
        }
        if ( (error = VNOP_FSYNC(nvp, MNT_WAIT, &context)) ) {
                panic("bdevvp failed: fsync");
                return (error);
        }
        if ( (error = buf_invalidateblks(nvp, BUF_WRITE_DATA, 0, 0)) ) {
                panic("bdevvp failed: invalidateblks");
                return (error);
        }

#if CONFIG_MACF
        /* 
         * XXXMAC: We can't put a MAC check here, the system will
         * panic without this vnode.
         */
#endif /* MAC */        

        if ( (error = VNOP_OPEN(nvp, FREAD, &context)) ) {
                panic("bdevvp failed: open");
                return (error);
        }
        *vpp = nvp;

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Check to see if the new vnode represents a special device
 * for which we already have a vnode (either because of
 * bdevvp() or because of a different vnode representing
 * the same block device). If such an alias exists, deallocate
 * the existing contents and return the aliased vnode. The
 * caller is responsible for filling it with its new contents.
 */
static vnode_t
checkalias(struct vnode *nvp, dev_t nvp_rdev)
{
        struct vnode *vp;
        struct vnode **vpp;
        struct specinfo *sin = NULL;
        int vid = 0;

        vpp = &speclisth[SPECHASH(nvp_rdev)];
loop:
        SPECHASH_LOCK();

        for (vp = *vpp; vp; vp = vp->v_specnext) {
                if (nvp_rdev == vp->v_rdev && nvp->v_type == vp->v_type) {
                        vid = vp->v_id;
                        break;
                }
        }
        SPECHASH_UNLOCK();

        if (vp) {
found_alias:
                if (vnode_getwithvid(vp,vid)) {
                        goto loop;
                }
                /*
                 * Termination state is checked in vnode_getwithvid
                 */
                vnode_lock(vp);

                /*
                 * Alias, but not in use, so flush it out.
                 */
                if ((vp->v_iocount == 1) && (vp->v_usecount == 0)) {
                        vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 1, 1, 0);
                        vnode_put_locked(vp);
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                        goto loop;
                }
                
        }
        if (vp == NULL || vp->v_tag != VT_NON) {
                if (sin == NULL) {
                        MALLOC_ZONE(sin, struct specinfo *, sizeof(struct specinfo),
                                        M_SPECINFO, M_WAITOK);
                }

                nvp->v_specinfo = sin;
                bzero(nvp->v_specinfo, sizeof(struct specinfo));
                nvp->v_rdev = nvp_rdev;
                nvp->v_specflags = 0;
                nvp->v_speclastr = -1;

                SPECHASH_LOCK();
                
                /* We dropped the lock, someone could have added */
                if (vp == NULLVP) {
                        for (vp = *vpp; vp; vp = vp->v_specnext) {
                                if (nvp_rdev == vp->v_rdev && nvp->v_type == vp->v_type) {
                                        vid = vp->v_id;
                                        SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
                                        goto found_alias;
                                }
                        }
                } 

                nvp->v_hashchain = vpp;
                nvp->v_specnext = *vpp;
                *vpp = nvp;

                if (vp != NULLVP) {
                        nvp->v_specflags |= SI_ALIASED;
                        vp->v_specflags |= SI_ALIASED;
                        SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
                        vnode_put_locked(vp);
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                } else {
                        SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
                }

                return (NULLVP);
        }

        if (sin) {
                FREE_ZONE(sin, sizeof(struct specinfo), M_SPECINFO);
        }

        if ((vp->v_flag & (VBDEVVP | VDEVFLUSH)) != 0)
                return(vp);

        panic("checkalias with VT_NON vp that shouldn't: %p", vp);

        return (vp);
}


/*
 * Get a reference on a particular vnode and lock it if requested.
 * If the vnode was on the inactive list, remove it from the list.
 * If the vnode was on the free list, remove it from the list and
 * move it to inactive list as needed.
 * The vnode lock bit is set if the vnode is being eliminated in
 * vgone. The process is awakened when the transition is completed,
 * and an error returned to indicate that the vnode is no longer
 * usable (possibly having been changed to a new file system type).
 */
int
vget_internal(vnode_t vp, int vid, int vflags)
{
        int error = 0;
        int vpid;

        vnode_lock_spin(vp);

        if (vflags & VNODE_WITHID)
                vpid = vid;
        else
                vpid = vp->v_id;    // save off the original v_id

        if ((vflags & VNODE_WRITEABLE) && (vp->v_writecount == 0))
                /*
                 * vnode to be returned only if it has writers opened 
                 */
                error = EINVAL;
        else
                error = vnode_getiocount(vp, vpid, vflags);

        vnode_unlock(vp);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Returns:     0                       Success
 *              ENOENT                  No such file or directory [terminating]
 */
int
vnode_ref(vnode_t vp)
{

        return (vnode_ref_ext(vp, 0));
}

/*
 * Returns:     0                       Success
 *              ENOENT                  No such file or directory [terminating]
 */
int
vnode_ref_ext(vnode_t vp, int fmode)
{
        int     error = 0;

        vnode_lock_spin(vp);

        /*
         * once all the current call sites have been fixed to insure they have
         * taken an iocount, we can toughen this assert up and insist that the
         * iocount is non-zero... a non-zero usecount doesn't insure correctness
         */
        if (vp->v_iocount <= 0 && vp->v_usecount <= 0) 
                panic("vnode_ref_ext: vp %p has no valid reference %d, %d", vp, vp->v_iocount, vp->v_usecount);

        /*
         * if you are the owner of drain/termination, can acquire usecount
         */
        if ((vp->v_lflag & (VL_DRAIN | VL_TERMINATE | VL_DEAD))) {
                if (vp->v_owner != current_thread()) {
                        error = ENOENT;
                        goto out;
                }
        }
        vp->v_usecount++;

        if (fmode & FWRITE) {
                if (++vp->v_writecount <= 0)
                        panic("vnode_ref_ext: v_writecount");
        }
        if (fmode & O_EVTONLY) {
                if (++vp->v_kusecount <= 0)
                        panic("vnode_ref_ext: v_kusecount");
        }
        if (vp->v_flag & VRAGE) {
                struct  uthread *ut;

                ut = get_bsdthread_info(current_thread());
                
                if ( !(current_proc()->p_lflag & P_LRAGE_VNODES) &&
                     !(ut->uu_flag & UT_RAGE_VNODES)) {
                        /*
                         * a 'normal' process accessed this vnode
                         * so make sure its no longer marked
                         * for rapid aging...  also, make sure
                         * it gets removed from the rage list...
                         * when v_usecount drops back to 0, it
                         * will be put back on the real free list
                         */
                        vp->v_flag &= ~VRAGE;
                        vp->v_references = 0;
                        vnode_list_remove(vp);
                }
        }
out:
        vnode_unlock(vp);

        return (error);
}


/*
 * put the vnode on appropriate free list.
 * called with vnode LOCKED
 */
static void
vnode_list_add(vnode_t vp)
{
#if DIAGNOSTIC
        lck_mtx_assert(&vp->v_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);
#endif
        /*
         * if it is already on a list or non zero references return 
         */
        if (VONLIST(vp) || (vp->v_usecount != 0) || (vp->v_iocount != 0) || (vp->v_lflag & VL_TERMINATE))
                return;

        vnode_list_lock();

        if ((vp->v_flag & VRAGE) && !(vp->v_lflag & VL_DEAD)) {
                /*
                 * add the new guy to the appropriate end of the RAGE list
                 */
                if ((vp->v_flag & VAGE))
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&vnode_rage_list, vp, v_freelist);
                else
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vnode_rage_list, vp, v_freelist);

                vp->v_listflag |= VLIST_RAGE;
                ragevnodes++;

                /*
                 * reset the timestamp for the last inserted vp on the RAGE
                 * queue to let new_vnode know that its not ok to start stealing
                 * from this list... as long as we're actively adding to this list
                 * we'll push out the vnodes we want to donate to the real free list
                 * once we stop pushing, we'll let some time elapse before we start
                 * stealing them in the new_vnode routine
                 */
                microuptime(&rage_tv);
        } else {
                /*
                 * if VL_DEAD, insert it at head of the dead list
                 * else insert at tail of LRU list or at head if VAGE is set
                 */
                if ( (vp->v_lflag & VL_DEAD)) {
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&vnode_dead_list, vp, v_freelist);
                        vp->v_listflag |= VLIST_DEAD;
                        deadvnodes++;
                } else if ((vp->v_flag & VAGE)) {
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&vnode_free_list, vp, v_freelist);
                        vp->v_flag &= ~VAGE;
                        freevnodes++;
                } else {
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vnode_free_list, vp, v_freelist);
                        freevnodes++;
                }
        }
        vnode_list_unlock();
}


/*
 * remove the vnode from appropriate free list.
 * called with vnode LOCKED and
 * the list lock held
 */
static void
vnode_list_remove_locked(vnode_t vp)
{
        if (VONLIST(vp)) {
                /*
                 * the v_listflag field is
                 * protected by the vnode_list_lock
                 */
                if (vp->v_listflag & VLIST_RAGE)
                        VREMRAGE("vnode_list_remove", vp);
                else if (vp->v_listflag & VLIST_DEAD)
                        VREMDEAD("vnode_list_remove", vp);
                else
                        VREMFREE("vnode_list_remove", vp);
        }
}


/*
 * remove the vnode from appropriate free list.
 * called with vnode LOCKED
 */
static void
vnode_list_remove(vnode_t vp)
{
#if DIAGNOSTIC
        lck_mtx_assert(&vp->v_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);
#endif
        /*
         * we want to avoid taking the list lock
         * in the case where we're not on the free
         * list... this will be true for most
         * directories and any currently in use files
         *
         * we're guaranteed that we can't go from
         * the not-on-list state to the on-list 
         * state since we hold the vnode lock...
         * all calls to vnode_list_add are done
         * under the vnode lock... so we can
         * check for that condition (the prevelant one)
         * without taking the list lock
         */
        if (VONLIST(vp)) {
                vnode_list_lock();
                /*
                 * however, we're not guaranteed that
                 * we won't go from the on-list state
                 * to the not-on-list state until we
                 * hold the vnode_list_lock... this 
                 * is due to "new_vnode" removing vnodes
                 * from the free list uder the list_lock
                 * w/o the vnode lock... so we need to
                 * check again whether we're currently
                 * on the free list
                 */
                vnode_list_remove_locked(vp);

                vnode_list_unlock();
        }
}


void
vnode_rele(vnode_t vp)
{
        vnode_rele_internal(vp, 0, 0, 0);
}


void
vnode_rele_ext(vnode_t vp, int fmode, int dont_reenter)
{
        vnode_rele_internal(vp, fmode, dont_reenter, 0);
}


void
vnode_rele_internal(vnode_t vp, int fmode, int dont_reenter, int locked)
{
        if ( !locked)
                vnode_lock_spin(vp);
#if DIAGNOSTIC
        else
                lck_mtx_assert(&vp->v_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);
#endif
        if (--vp->v_usecount < 0)
                panic("vnode_rele_ext: vp %p usecount -ve : %d.  v_tag = %d, v_type = %d, v_flag = %x.", vp,  vp->v_usecount, vp->v_tag, vp->v_type, vp->v_flag);

        if (fmode & FWRITE) {
                if (--vp->v_writecount < 0)
                        panic("vnode_rele_ext: vp %p writecount -ve : %d.  v_tag = %d, v_type = %d, v_flag = %x.", vp,  vp->v_writecount, vp->v_tag, vp->v_type, vp->v_flag);
        }
        if (fmode & O_EVTONLY) {
                if (--vp->v_kusecount < 0)
                        panic("vnode_rele_ext: vp %p kusecount -ve : %d.  v_tag = %d, v_type = %d, v_flag = %x.", vp,  vp->v_kusecount, vp->v_tag, vp->v_type, vp->v_flag);
        }
        if (vp->v_kusecount > vp->v_usecount)
                panic("vnode_rele_ext: vp %p kusecount(%d) out of balance with usecount(%d).  v_tag = %d, v_type = %d, v_flag = %x.",vp, vp->v_kusecount, vp->v_usecount, vp->v_tag, vp->v_type, vp->v_flag);

        if ((vp->v_iocount > 0) || (vp->v_usecount > 0)) {
                /*
                 * vnode is still busy... if we're the last
                 * usecount, mark for a future call to VNOP_INACTIVE
                 * when the iocount finally drops to 0
                 */
                if (vp->v_usecount == 0) {
                        vp->v_lflag |= VL_NEEDINACTIVE;
                        vp->v_flag  &= ~(VNOCACHE_DATA | VRAOFF | VOPENEVT);
                }
                if ( !locked)
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                return;
        }
        vp->v_flag  &= ~(VNOCACHE_DATA | VRAOFF | VOPENEVT);

        if ( (vp->v_lflag & (VL_TERMINATE | VL_DEAD)) || dont_reenter) {
                /*
                 * vnode is being cleaned, or
                 * we've requested that we don't reenter
                 * the filesystem on this release... in
                 * this case, we'll mark the vnode aged
                 * if it's been marked for termination
                 */
                if (dont_reenter) {
                        if ( !(vp->v_lflag & (VL_TERMINATE | VL_DEAD | VL_MARKTERM)) )
                                vp->v_lflag |= VL_NEEDINACTIVE;
                        vp->v_flag |= VAGE;
                }
                vnode_list_add(vp);
                if ( !locked)
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                return;
        }
        /*
         * at this point both the iocount and usecount
         * are zero
         * pick up an iocount so that we can call
         * VNOP_INACTIVE with the vnode lock unheld
         */
        vp->v_iocount++;
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
        record_vp(vp, 1);
#endif
        vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_NEEDINACTIVE;
        vnode_unlock(vp);

        VNOP_INACTIVE(vp, vfs_context_current());

        vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        /*
         * because we dropped the vnode lock to call VNOP_INACTIVE
         * the state of the vnode may have changed... we may have
         * picked up an iocount, usecount or the MARKTERM may have
         * been set... we need to reevaluate the reference counts
         * to determine if we can call vnode_reclaim_internal at
         * this point... if the reference counts are up, we'll pick
         * up the MARKTERM state when they get subsequently dropped
         */
        if ( (vp->v_iocount == 1) && (vp->v_usecount == 0) &&
             ((vp->v_lflag & (VL_MARKTERM | VL_TERMINATE | VL_DEAD)) == VL_MARKTERM)) {
                struct  uthread *ut;

                ut = get_bsdthread_info(current_thread());
                
                if (ut->uu_defer_reclaims) {
                        vp->v_defer_reclaimlist = ut->uu_vreclaims;
                                ut->uu_vreclaims = vp;
                        goto defer_reclaim;
                }
                vnode_lock_convert(vp);
                vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 1, 1, 0);
        }
        vnode_dropiocount(vp);
        vnode_list_add(vp);
defer_reclaim:
        if ( !locked)
                vnode_unlock(vp);
        return;
}

/*
 * Remove any vnodes in the vnode table belonging to mount point mp.
 *
 * If MNT_NOFORCE is specified, there should not be any active ones,
 * return error if any are found (nb: this is a user error, not a
 * system error). If MNT_FORCE is specified, detach any active vnodes
 * that are found.
 */
#if DIAGNOSTIC
int busyprt = 0;        /* print out busy vnodes */
#if 0
struct ctldebug debug1 = { "busyprt", &busyprt };
#endif /* 0 */
#endif

int
vflush(struct mount *mp, struct vnode *skipvp, int flags)
{
        struct vnode *vp;
        int busy = 0;
        int reclaimed = 0;
        int retval;
        unsigned int vid;

        mount_lock(mp);
        vnode_iterate_setup(mp);
        /*
         * On regular unmounts(not forced) do a
         * quick check for vnodes to be in use. This
         * preserves the caching of vnodes. automounter
         * tries unmounting every so often to see whether
         * it is still busy or not.
         */
        if (((flags & FORCECLOSE)==0)  && ((mp->mnt_kern_flag & MNTK_UNMOUNT_PREFLIGHT) != 0)) {
                if (vnode_umount_preflight(mp, skipvp, flags)) {
                        vnode_iterate_clear(mp);
                        mount_unlock(mp);
                        return(EBUSY);
                }
        }
loop:
        /* it is returns 0 then there is nothing to do */
        retval = vnode_iterate_prepare(mp);

        if (retval == 0)  {
                vnode_iterate_clear(mp);
                mount_unlock(mp);
                return(retval);
        }

        /* iterate over all the vnodes */
        while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&mp->mnt_workerqueue)) {

                vp = TAILQ_FIRST(&mp->mnt_workerqueue);
                TAILQ_REMOVE(&mp->mnt_workerqueue, vp, v_mntvnodes);
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mp->mnt_vnodelist, vp, v_mntvnodes);

                if ( (vp->v_mount != mp) || (vp == skipvp)) {
                        continue;
                }
                vid = vp->v_id;
                mount_unlock(mp);

                vnode_lock_spin(vp);

                if ((vp->v_id != vid) || ((vp->v_lflag & (VL_DEAD | VL_TERMINATE)))) {
                                vnode_unlock(vp);
                                mount_lock(mp);
                                continue;
                }

                /*
                 * If requested, skip over vnodes marked VSYSTEM.
                 * Skip over all vnodes marked VNOFLUSH.
                 */
                if ((flags & SKIPSYSTEM) && ((vp->v_flag & VSYSTEM) ||
                    (vp->v_flag & VNOFLUSH))) {
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                        mount_lock(mp);
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * If requested, skip over vnodes marked VSWAP.
                 */
                if ((flags & SKIPSWAP) && (vp->v_flag & VSWAP)) {
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                        mount_lock(mp);
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * If requested, skip over vnodes marked VROOT.
                 */
                if ((flags & SKIPROOT) && (vp->v_flag & VROOT)) {
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                        mount_lock(mp);
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * If WRITECLOSE is set, only flush out regular file
                 * vnodes open for writing.
                 */
                if ((flags & WRITECLOSE) &&
                    (vp->v_writecount == 0 || vp->v_type != VREG)) {
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                        mount_lock(mp);
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * If the real usecount is 0, all we need to do is clear
                 * out the vnode data structures and we are done.
                 */
                if (((vp->v_usecount == 0) ||
                    ((vp->v_usecount - vp->v_kusecount) == 0))) {

                        vnode_lock_convert(vp);
                        vp->v_iocount++;        /* so that drain waits for * other iocounts */
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
                        record_vp(vp, 1);
#endif
                        vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 1, 1, 0);
                        vnode_dropiocount(vp);
                        vnode_list_add(vp);
                        vnode_unlock(vp);

                        reclaimed++;
                        mount_lock(mp);
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * If FORCECLOSE is set, forcibly close the vnode.
                 * For block or character devices, revert to an
                 * anonymous device. For all other files, just kill them.
                 */
                if (flags & FORCECLOSE) {
                        vnode_lock_convert(vp);

                        if (vp->v_type != VBLK && vp->v_type != VCHR) {
                                vp->v_iocount++;        /* so that drain waits * for other iocounts */
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
                                record_vp(vp, 1);
#endif
                                vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 1, 1, 0);
                                vnode_dropiocount(vp);
                                vnode_list_add(vp);
                                vnode_unlock(vp);
                        } else {
                                vclean(vp, 0);
                                vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_DEAD;
                                vp->v_op = spec_vnodeop_p;
                                vp->v_flag |= VDEVFLUSH;
                                vnode_unlock(vp);
                        }
                        mount_lock(mp);
                        continue;
                }
#if DIAGNOSTIC
                if (busyprt)
                        vprint("vflush: busy vnode", vp);
#endif
                vnode_unlock(vp);
                mount_lock(mp);
                busy++;
        }

        /* At this point the worker queue is completed */
        if (busy && ((flags & FORCECLOSE)==0) && reclaimed) {
                busy = 0;
                reclaimed = 0;
                (void)vnode_iterate_reloadq(mp);
                /* returned with mount lock held */
                goto loop;
        }

        /* if new vnodes were created in between retry the reclaim */
        if ( vnode_iterate_reloadq(mp) != 0) {
                if (!(busy && ((flags & FORCECLOSE)==0)))
                        goto loop;
        }
        vnode_iterate_clear(mp);
        mount_unlock(mp);

        if (busy && ((flags & FORCECLOSE)==0))
                return (EBUSY);
        return (0);
}

long num_recycledvnodes = 0;
/*
 * Disassociate the underlying file system from a vnode.
 * The vnode lock is held on entry.
 */
static void
vclean(vnode_t vp, int flags)
{
        vfs_context_t ctx = vfs_context_current();
        int active;
        int need_inactive;
        int already_terminating;
        int clflags = 0;
#if NAMEDSTREAMS
        int is_namedstream;
#endif

        /*
         * Check to see if the vnode is in use.
         * If so we have to reference it before we clean it out
         * so that its count cannot fall to zero and generate a
         * race against ourselves to recycle it.
         */
        active = vp->v_usecount;

        /*
         * just in case we missed sending a needed
         * VNOP_INACTIVE, we'll do it now
         */
        need_inactive = (vp->v_lflag & VL_NEEDINACTIVE);

        vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_NEEDINACTIVE;

        /*
         * Prevent the vnode from being recycled or
         * brought into use while we clean it out.
         */
        already_terminating = (vp->v_lflag & VL_TERMINATE);

        vp->v_lflag |= VL_TERMINATE;

        /*
         * remove the vnode from any mount list
         * it might be on...
         */
        insmntque(vp, (struct mount *)0);

#if NAMEDSTREAMS
        is_namedstream = vnode_isnamedstream(vp);
#endif

        vnode_unlock(vp);

        OSAddAtomicLong(1, &num_recycledvnodes);

        if (flags & DOCLOSE)
                clflags |= IO_NDELAY;
        if (flags & REVOKEALL)
                clflags |= IO_REVOKE;
        
        if (active && (flags & DOCLOSE))
                VNOP_CLOSE(vp, clflags, ctx);

        /*
         * Clean out any buffers associated with the vnode.
         */
        if (flags & DOCLOSE) {
#if NFSCLIENT
                if (vp->v_tag == VT_NFS)
                        nfs_vinvalbuf(vp, V_SAVE, ctx, 0);
                else
#endif
                {
                        VNOP_FSYNC(vp, MNT_WAIT, ctx);
                        buf_invalidateblks(vp, BUF_WRITE_DATA, 0, 0);
                }
                if (UBCINFOEXISTS(vp))
                        /*
                         * Clean the pages in VM.
                         */
                        (void)ubc_sync_range(vp, (off_t)0, ubc_getsize(vp), UBC_PUSHALL);
        }
        if (active || need_inactive) 
                VNOP_INACTIVE(vp, ctx);

#if NAMEDSTREAMS
        if ((is_namedstream != 0) && (vp->v_parent != NULLVP)) {
                vnode_t pvp = vp->v_parent;
            
                /* Delete the shadow stream file before we reclaim its vnode */
                if (vnode_isshadow(vp)) {
                        vnode_relenamedstream(pvp, vp, ctx);
                }
                
                /* 
                 * No more streams associated with the parent.  We
                 * have a ref on it, so its identity is stable.
                 * If the parent is on an opaque volume, then we need to know
                 * whether it has associated named streams.
                 */
                if (vfs_authopaque(pvp->v_mount)) {
                        vnode_lock_spin(pvp);
                        pvp->v_lflag &= ~VL_HASSTREAMS;
                        vnode_unlock(pvp);
                }
        }
#endif

        /*
         * Destroy ubc named reference
         * cluster_release is done on this path
         * along with dropping the reference on the ucred
         */
        ubc_destroy_named(vp);

        /*
         * Reclaim the vnode.
         */
        if (VNOP_RECLAIM(vp, ctx))
                panic("vclean: cannot reclaim");
        
        // make sure the name & parent ptrs get cleaned out!
        vnode_update_identity(vp, NULLVP, NULL, 0, 0, VNODE_UPDATE_PARENT | VNODE_UPDATE_NAME | VNODE_UPDATE_PURGE);

        vnode_lock(vp);

        vp->v_mount = dead_mountp;
        vp->v_op = dead_vnodeop_p;
        vp->v_tag = VT_NON;
        vp->v_data = NULL;

        vp->v_lflag |= VL_DEAD;

        if (already_terminating == 0) {
                vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_TERMINATE;
                /*
                 * Done with purge, notify sleepers of the grim news.
                 */
                if (vp->v_lflag & VL_TERMWANT) {
                        vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_TERMWANT;
                        wakeup(&vp->v_lflag);
                }
        }
}

/*
 * Eliminate all activity associated with  the requested vnode
 * and with all vnodes aliased to the requested vnode.
 */
int
#if DIAGNOSTIC
vn_revoke(vnode_t vp, int flags, __unused vfs_context_t a_context)
#else
vn_revoke(vnode_t vp, __unused int flags, __unused vfs_context_t a_context)
#endif
{
        struct vnode *vq;
        int vid;

#if DIAGNOSTIC
        if ((flags & REVOKEALL) == 0)
                panic("vnop_revoke");
#endif

        if (vnode_isaliased(vp)) {
                /*
                 * If a vgone (or vclean) is already in progress,
                 * return an immediate error
                 */
                if (vp->v_lflag & VL_TERMINATE)
                        return(ENOENT);

                /*
                 * Ensure that vp will not be vgone'd while we
                 * are eliminating its aliases.
                 */
                SPECHASH_LOCK();
                while ((vp->v_specflags & SI_ALIASED)) {
                        for (vq = *vp->v_hashchain; vq; vq = vq->v_specnext) {
                                if (vq->v_rdev != vp->v_rdev ||
                                    vq->v_type != vp->v_type || vp == vq)
                                        continue;
                                vid = vq->v_id;
                                SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
                                if (vnode_getwithvid(vq,vid)){
                                        SPECHASH_LOCK();        
                                        break;
                                }
                                vnode_reclaim_internal(vq, 0, 1, 0);
                                vnode_put(vq);
                                SPECHASH_LOCK();
                                break;
                        }
                }
                SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
        }
        vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 0, 0, REVOKEALL);

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Recycle an unused vnode to the front of the free list.
 * Release the passed interlock if the vnode will be recycled.
 */
int
vnode_recycle(struct vnode *vp)
{
        vnode_lock_spin(vp);

        if (vp->v_iocount || vp->v_usecount) {
                vp->v_lflag |= VL_MARKTERM;
                vnode_unlock(vp);
                return(0);
        } 
        vnode_lock_convert(vp);
        vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 1, 0, 0);

        vnode_unlock(vp);

        return (1);
}

static int
vnode_reload(vnode_t vp)
{
        vnode_lock_spin(vp);

        if ((vp->v_iocount > 1) || vp->v_usecount) {
                vnode_unlock(vp);
                return(0);
        } 
        if (vp->v_iocount <= 0)
                panic("vnode_reload with no iocount %d", vp->v_iocount);

        /* mark for release when iocount is dopped */
        vp->v_lflag |= VL_MARKTERM;
        vnode_unlock(vp);

        return (1);
}


static void
vgone(vnode_t vp, int flags)
{
        struct vnode *vq;
        struct vnode *vx;

        /*
         * Clean out the filesystem specific data.
         * vclean also takes care of removing the
         * vnode from any mount list it might be on
         */
        vclean(vp, flags | DOCLOSE);

        /*
         * If special device, remove it from special device alias list
         * if it is on one.
         */
        if ((vp->v_type == VBLK || vp->v_type == VCHR) && vp->v_specinfo != 0) {
                        SPECHASH_LOCK();
                        if (*vp->v_hashchain == vp) {
                                *vp->v_hashchain = vp->v_specnext;
                        } else {
                                for (vq = *vp->v_hashchain; vq; vq = vq->v_specnext) {
                                        if (vq->v_specnext != vp)
                                                continue;
                                        vq->v_specnext = vp->v_specnext;
                                        break;
                                }
                        if (vq == NULL)
                                panic("missing bdev");
                        }
                        if (vp->v_specflags & SI_ALIASED) {
                                vx = NULL;
                                for (vq = *vp->v_hashchain; vq; vq = vq->v_specnext) {
                                        if (vq->v_rdev != vp->v_rdev ||
                                        vq->v_type != vp->v_type)
                                                continue;
                                        if (vx)
                                                break;
                                        vx = vq;
                                }
                                if (vx == NULL)
                                        panic("missing alias");
                                if (vq == NULL)
                                        vx->v_specflags &= ~SI_ALIASED;
                                vp->v_specflags &= ~SI_ALIASED;
                        }
                        SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
                        {
                        struct specinfo *tmp = vp->v_specinfo;
                        vp->v_specinfo = NULL;
                        FREE_ZONE((void *)tmp, sizeof(struct specinfo), M_SPECINFO);
                        }
        }
}

/*
 * Lookup a vnode by device number.
 */
int
check_mountedon(dev_t dev, enum vtype type, int  *errorp)
{
        vnode_t vp;
        int rc = 0;
        int vid;

loop:
        SPECHASH_LOCK();
        for (vp = speclisth[SPECHASH(dev)]; vp; vp = vp->v_specnext) {
                if (dev != vp->v_rdev || type != vp->v_type)
                        continue;
                vid = vp->v_id;
                SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
                if (vnode_getwithvid(vp,vid))
                        goto loop;
                vnode_lock_spin(vp);
                if ((vp->v_usecount > 0) || (vp->v_iocount > 1)) {
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                        if ((*errorp = vfs_mountedon(vp)) != 0)
                                rc = 1;
                } else
                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                vnode_put(vp);
                return(rc);
        }
        SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Calculate the total number of references to a special device.
 */
int
vcount(vnode_t vp)
{
        vnode_t vq, vnext;
        int count;
        int vid;

loop:
        if (!vnode_isaliased(vp))
                return (vp->v_usecount - vp->v_kusecount);
        count = 0;

        SPECHASH_LOCK();
        /*
         * Grab first vnode and its vid.
         */
        vq = *vp->v_hashchain;
        vid = vq ? vq->v_id : 0;

        SPECHASH_UNLOCK();

        while (vq) {
                /*
                 * Attempt to get the vnode outside the SPECHASH lock.
                 */
                if (vnode_getwithvid(vq, vid)) {
                        goto loop;
                }
                vnode_lock(vq);

                if (vq->v_rdev == vp->v_rdev && vq->v_type == vp->v_type) {
                        if ((vq->v_usecount == 0) && (vq->v_iocount == 1)  && vq != vp) {
                                /*
                                 * Alias, but not in use, so flush it out.
                                 */
                                vnode_reclaim_internal(vq, 1, 1, 0);
                                vnode_put_locked(vq);
                                vnode_unlock(vq);
                                goto loop;
                        }
                        count += (vq->v_usecount - vq->v_kusecount);
                }
                vnode_unlock(vq);

                SPECHASH_LOCK();
                /*
                 * must do this with the reference still held on 'vq'
                 * so that it can't be destroyed while we're poking
                 * through v_specnext
                 */
                vnext = vq->v_specnext;
                vid = vnext ? vnext->v_id : 0;

                SPECHASH_UNLOCK();

                vnode_put(vq);

                vq = vnext;
        }

        return (count);
}

int     prtactive = 0;          /* 1 => print out reclaim of active vnodes */

/*
 * Print out a description of a vnode.
 */
static const char *typename[] =
   { "VNON", "VREG", "VDIR", "VBLK", "VCHR", "VLNK", "VSOCK", "VFIFO", "VBAD" };

void
vprint(const char *label, struct vnode *vp)
{
        char sbuf[64];

        if (label != NULL)
                printf("%s: ", label);
        printf("type %s, usecount %d, writecount %d",
               typename[vp->v_type], vp->v_usecount, vp->v_writecount);
        sbuf[0] = '\0';
        if (vp->v_flag & VROOT)
                strlcat(sbuf, "|VROOT", sizeof(sbuf));
        if (vp->v_flag & VTEXT)
                strlcat(sbuf, "|VTEXT", sizeof(sbuf));
        if (vp->v_flag & VSYSTEM)
                strlcat(sbuf, "|VSYSTEM", sizeof(sbuf));
        if (vp->v_flag & VNOFLUSH)
                strlcat(sbuf, "|VNOFLUSH", sizeof(sbuf));
        if (vp->v_flag & VBWAIT)
                strlcat(sbuf, "|VBWAIT", sizeof(sbuf));
        if (vnode_isaliased(vp))
                strlcat(sbuf, "|VALIASED", sizeof(sbuf));
        if (sbuf[0] != '\0')
                printf(" flags (%s)", &sbuf[1]);
}


int
vn_getpath(struct vnode *vp, char *pathbuf, int *len)
{
        return build_path(vp, pathbuf, *len, len, BUILDPATH_NO_FS_ENTER, vfs_context_current());
}

int
vn_getpath_fsenter(struct vnode *vp, char *pathbuf, int *len)
{
        return build_path(vp, pathbuf, *len, len, 0, vfs_context_current());
}

int
vn_getcdhash(struct vnode *vp, off_t offset, unsigned char *cdhash)
{
        return ubc_cs_getcdhash(vp, offset, cdhash);
}


static char *extension_table=NULL;
static int   nexts;
static int   max_ext_width;

static int
extension_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    return (strlen((const char *)a) - strlen((const char *)b));
}


//
// This is the api LaunchServices uses to inform the kernel
// the list of package extensions to ignore.
//
// Internally we keep the list sorted by the length of the
// the extension (from longest to shortest).  We sort the
// list of extensions so that we can speed up our searches
// when comparing file names -- we only compare extensions
// that could possibly fit into the file name, not all of
// them (i.e. a short 8 character name can't have an 8
// character extension).
//
extern lck_mtx_t *pkg_extensions_lck;

__private_extern__ int
set_package_extensions_table(user_addr_t data, int nentries, int maxwidth)
{
    char *new_exts, *old_exts;
    int error;
    
    if (nentries <= 0 || nentries > 1024 || maxwidth <= 0 || maxwidth > 255) {
        return EINVAL;
    }


    // allocate one byte extra so we can guarantee null termination
    MALLOC(new_exts, char *, (nentries * maxwidth) + 1, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
    if (new_exts == NULL) {
        return ENOMEM;
    }
    
    error = copyin(data, new_exts, nentries * maxwidth);
    if (error) {
        FREE(new_exts, M_TEMP);
        return error;
    }

    new_exts[(nentries * maxwidth)] = '\0';   // guarantee null termination of the block

    qsort(new_exts, nentries, maxwidth, extension_cmp);

    lck_mtx_lock(pkg_extensions_lck);

    old_exts        = extension_table;
    extension_table = new_exts;
    nexts           = nentries;
    max_ext_width   = maxwidth;

    lck_mtx_unlock(pkg_extensions_lck);

    if (old_exts) {
        FREE(old_exts, M_TEMP);
    }

    return 0;
}


__private_extern__ int
is_package_name(const char *name, int len)
{
    int i, extlen;
    const char *ptr, *name_ext;
    
    if (len <= 3) {
        return 0;
    }

    name_ext = NULL;
    for(ptr=name; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
        if (*ptr == '.') {
            name_ext = ptr;
        }
    }

    // if there is no "." extension, it can't match
    if (name_ext == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    // advance over the "."
    name_ext++;

    lck_mtx_lock(pkg_extensions_lck);

    // now iterate over all the extensions to see if any match
    ptr = &extension_table[0];
    for(i=0; i < nexts; i++, ptr+=max_ext_width) {
        extlen = strlen(ptr);
        if (strncasecmp(name_ext, ptr, extlen) == 0 && name_ext[extlen] == '\0') {
            // aha, a match!
            lck_mtx_unlock(pkg_extensions_lck);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    lck_mtx_unlock(pkg_extensions_lck);

    // if we get here, no extension matched
    return 0;
}

int
vn_path_package_check(__unused vnode_t vp, char *path, int pathlen, int *component)
{
    char *ptr, *end;
    int comp=0;
    
    *component = -1;
    if (*path != '/') {
        return EINVAL;
    }

    end = path + 1;
    while(end < path + pathlen && *end != '\0') {
        while(end < path + pathlen && *end == '/' && *end != '\0') {
            end++;
        }

        ptr = end;

        while(end < path + pathlen && *end != '/' && *end != '\0') {
            end++;
        }

        if (end > path + pathlen) {
            // hmm, string wasn't null terminated 
            return EINVAL;
        }

        *end = '\0';
        if (is_package_name(ptr, end - ptr)) {
            *component = comp;
            break;
        }

        end++;
        comp++;
    }

    return 0;
}

/* 
 * Determine if a name is inappropriate for a searchfs query.
 * This list consists of /System currently.
 */

int vn_searchfs_inappropriate_name(const char *name, int len) {
        const char *bad_names[] = { "System" };
        int   bad_len[]   = { 6 };
        int  i;

        for(i=0; i < (int) (sizeof(bad_names) / sizeof(bad_names[0])); i++) {
                if (len == bad_len[i] && strncmp(name, bad_names[i], strlen(bad_names[i]) + 1) == 0) {
                        return 1;
                }
        }

        // if we get here, no name matched
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Top level filesystem related information gathering.
 */
extern unsigned int vfs_nummntops;

int
vfs_sysctl(int *name, u_int namelen, user_addr_t oldp, size_t *oldlenp, 
           user_addr_t newp, size_t newlen, proc_t p)
{
        struct vfstable *vfsp;
        int *username;
        u_int usernamelen;
        int error;
        struct vfsconf vfsc;

        /* All non VFS_GENERIC and in VFS_GENERIC, 
         * VFS_MAXTYPENUM, VFS_CONF, VFS_SET_PACKAGE_EXTS
         * needs to have root priv to have modifiers. 
         * For rest the userland_sysctl(CTLFLAG_ANYBODY) would cover.
         */
        if ((newp != USER_ADDR_NULL) && ((name[0] != VFS_GENERIC) || 
                        ((name[1] == VFS_MAXTYPENUM) ||
                         (name[1] == VFS_CONF) ||
                         (name[1] == VFS_SET_PACKAGE_EXTS)))
             && (error = suser(kauth_cred_get(), &p->p_acflag))) {
                        return(error);
        }
        /*
         * The VFS_NUMMNTOPS shouldn't be at name[0] since
         * is a VFS generic variable. So now we must check
         * namelen so we don't end up covering any UFS
         * variables (sinc UFS vfc_typenum is 1).
         *
         * It should have been:
         *    name[0]:  VFS_GENERIC
         *    name[1]:  VFS_NUMMNTOPS
         */
        if (namelen == 1 && name[0] == VFS_NUMMNTOPS) {
                return (sysctl_rdint(oldp, oldlenp, newp, vfs_nummntops));
        }

        /* all sysctl names at this level are at least name and field */
        if (namelen < 2)
                return (EISDIR);                /* overloaded */
        if (name[0] != VFS_GENERIC) {

                mount_list_lock();
                for (vfsp = vfsconf; vfsp; vfsp = vfsp->vfc_next) 
                        if (vfsp->vfc_typenum == name[0]) {
                                vfsp->vfc_refcount++;
                                break;
                        }
                mount_list_unlock();

                if (vfsp == NULL)
                        return (ENOTSUP);

                /* XXX current context proxy for proc p? */
                error = ((*vfsp->vfc_vfsops->vfs_sysctl)(&name[1], namelen - 1,
                            oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
                            vfs_context_current()));

                mount_list_lock();
                vfsp->vfc_refcount--;
                mount_list_unlock();
                return error;
        }
        switch (name[1]) {
        case VFS_MAXTYPENUM:
                return (sysctl_rdint(oldp, oldlenp, newp, maxvfsconf));
        case VFS_CONF:
                if (namelen < 3)
                        return (ENOTDIR);       /* overloaded */

                mount_list_lock();
                for (vfsp = vfsconf; vfsp; vfsp = vfsp->vfc_next)
                        if (vfsp->vfc_typenum == name[2])
                                break;

                if (vfsp == NULL) {
                        mount_list_unlock();
                        return (ENOTSUP);
                }

                vfsc.vfc_reserved1 = 0;
                bcopy(vfsp->vfc_name, vfsc.vfc_name, sizeof(vfsc.vfc_name));
                vfsc.vfc_typenum = vfsp->vfc_typenum;
                vfsc.vfc_refcount = vfsp->vfc_refcount;
                vfsc.vfc_flags = vfsp->vfc_flags;
                vfsc.vfc_reserved2 = 0;
                vfsc.vfc_reserved3 = 0;

                mount_list_unlock();
                return (sysctl_rdstruct(oldp, oldlenp, newp, &vfsc,
                                        sizeof(struct vfsconf)));
                
        case VFS_SET_PACKAGE_EXTS:
                return set_package_extensions_table((user_addr_t)((unsigned)name[1]), name[2], name[3]);
        }
        /*
         * We need to get back into the general MIB, so we need to re-prepend
         * CTL_VFS to our name and try userland_sysctl().
         */
        usernamelen = namelen + 1;
        MALLOC(username, int *, usernamelen * sizeof(*username),
            M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bcopy(name, username + 1, namelen * sizeof(*name));
        username[0] = CTL_VFS;
        error = userland_sysctl(p, username, usernamelen, oldp, 
                                oldlenp, newp, newlen, oldlenp);
        FREE(username, M_TEMP);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Dump vnode list (via sysctl) - defunct
 * use "pstat" instead
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
int
sysctl_vnode
(__unused struct sysctl_oid *oidp, __unused void *arg1, __unused int arg2, __unused struct sysctl_req *req)
{
        return(EINVAL);
}

SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, KERN_VNODE, vnode,
                CTLTYPE_STRUCT | CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MASKED,
                0, 0, sysctl_vnode, "S,", "");


/*
 * Check to see if a filesystem is mounted on a block device.
 */
int
vfs_mountedon(struct vnode *vp)
{
        struct vnode *vq;
        int error = 0;

        SPECHASH_LOCK();
        if (vp->v_specflags & SI_MOUNTEDON) {
                error = EBUSY;
                goto out;
        }
        if (vp->v_specflags & SI_ALIASED) {
                for (vq = *vp->v_hashchain; vq; vq = vq->v_specnext) {
                        if (vq->v_rdev != vp->v_rdev ||
                            vq->v_type != vp->v_type)
                                continue;
                        if (vq->v_specflags & SI_MOUNTEDON) {
                                error = EBUSY;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
out:
        SPECHASH_UNLOCK();
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Unmount all filesystems. The list is traversed in reverse order
 * of mounting to avoid dependencies.
 */
__private_extern__ void
vfs_unmountall(void)
{
        struct mount *mp;
        int error;

        /*
         * Since this only runs when rebooting, it is not interlocked.
         */
        mount_list_lock();
        while(!TAILQ_EMPTY(&mountlist)) {
                mp = TAILQ_LAST(&mountlist, mntlist);
                mount_list_unlock();
                error = dounmount(mp, MNT_FORCE, 0, vfs_context_current());
                if ((error != 0) && (error != EBUSY)) {
                        printf("unmount of %s failed (", mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_mntonname);
                        printf("%d)\n", error);
                        mount_list_lock();
                        TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);
                        continue;
                } else if (error == EBUSY) {
                        /* If EBUSY is returned,  the unmount was already in progress */
                        printf("unmount of %p failed (", mp);
                        printf("BUSY)\n");      
                } 
                mount_list_lock();
        }
        mount_list_unlock();
}


/*  
 * This routine is called from vnode_pager_deallocate out of the VM
 * The path to vnode_pager_deallocate can only be initiated by ubc_destroy_named
 * on a vnode that has a UBCINFO
 */
__private_extern__ void
vnode_pager_vrele(vnode_t vp)
{
        struct ubc_info *uip;

        vnode_lock_spin(vp);

        vp->v_lflag &= ~VNAMED_UBC;

        uip = vp->v_ubcinfo;
        vp->v_ubcinfo = UBC_INFO_NULL;

        vnode_unlock(vp);

        ubc_info_deallocate(uip);
}


#include <sys/disk.h>

errno_t
vfs_init_io_attributes(vnode_t devvp, mount_t mp)
{
        int     error;
        off_t   readblockcnt = 0;
        off_t   writeblockcnt = 0;
        off_t   readmaxcnt = 0;
        off_t   writemaxcnt = 0;
        off_t   readsegcnt = 0;
        off_t   writesegcnt = 0;
        off_t   readsegsize = 0;
        off_t   writesegsize = 0;
        off_t   alignment = 0;
        off_t   ioqueue_depth = 0;
        u_int32_t blksize;
        u_int64_t temp;
        u_int32_t features;
        vfs_context_t ctx = vfs_context_current();
        int isssd = 0;
        int isvirtual = 0;
        /*
         * determine if this mount point exists on the same device as the root
         * partition... if so, then it comes under the hard throttle control
         */
        int        thisunit = -1;
        static int rootunit = -1;

        if (rootunit == -1) {
                if (VNOP_IOCTL(rootvp, DKIOCGETBSDUNIT, (caddr_t)&rootunit, 0, ctx))
                        rootunit = -1; 
                else if (rootvp == devvp)
                        mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_ROOTDEV;
        }
        if (devvp != rootvp && rootunit != -1) {
                if (VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETBSDUNIT, (caddr_t)&thisunit, 0, ctx) == 0) {
                        if (thisunit == rootunit)
                                mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_ROOTDEV;
                }
        }
        /*
         * force the spec device to re-cache
         * the underlying block size in case
         * the filesystem overrode the initial value
         */
        set_fsblocksize(devvp);


        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETBLOCKSIZE,
                                (caddr_t)&blksize, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        mp->mnt_devblocksize = blksize;

        /*
         * set the maximum possible I/O size
         * this may get clipped to a smaller value
         * based on which constraints are being advertised
         * and if those advertised constraints result in a smaller
         * limit for a given I/O
         */
        mp->mnt_maxreadcnt = MAX_UPL_SIZE * PAGE_SIZE;
        mp->mnt_maxwritecnt = MAX_UPL_SIZE * PAGE_SIZE;

        if (VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCISVIRTUAL, (caddr_t)&isvirtual, 0, ctx) == 0) {
                if (isvirtual)
                        mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_VIRTUALDEV;
        }
        if (VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCISSOLIDSTATE, (caddr_t)&isssd, 0, ctx) == 0) {
                if (isssd)
                        mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_SSD;
        }

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETFEATURES,
                                (caddr_t)&features, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMAXBLOCKCOUNTREAD,
                                (caddr_t)&readblockcnt, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMAXBLOCKCOUNTWRITE,
                                (caddr_t)&writeblockcnt, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMAXBYTECOUNTREAD,
                                (caddr_t)&readmaxcnt, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMAXBYTECOUNTWRITE,
                                (caddr_t)&writemaxcnt, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMAXSEGMENTCOUNTREAD,
                                (caddr_t)&readsegcnt, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMAXSEGMENTCOUNTWRITE,
                                (caddr_t)&writesegcnt, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMAXSEGMENTBYTECOUNTREAD,
                                (caddr_t)&readsegsize, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMAXSEGMENTBYTECOUNTWRITE,
                                (caddr_t)&writesegsize, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETMINSEGMENTALIGNMENTBYTECOUNT,
                                (caddr_t)&alignment, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if ((error = VNOP_IOCTL(devvp, DKIOCGETCOMMANDPOOLSIZE,
                                (caddr_t)&ioqueue_depth, 0, ctx)))
                return (error);

        if (readmaxcnt)
                mp->mnt_maxreadcnt = (readmaxcnt > UINT32_MAX) ? UINT32_MAX : readmaxcnt;

        if (readblockcnt) {
                temp = readblockcnt * blksize;
                temp = (temp > UINT32_MAX) ? UINT32_MAX : temp;

                if (temp < mp->mnt_maxreadcnt)
                        mp->mnt_maxreadcnt = (u_int32_t)temp;
        }

        if (writemaxcnt)
                mp->mnt_maxwritecnt = (writemaxcnt > UINT32_MAX) ? UINT32_MAX : writemaxcnt;

        if (writeblockcnt) {
                temp = writeblockcnt * blksize;
                temp = (temp > UINT32_MAX) ? UINT32_MAX : temp;

                if (temp < mp->mnt_maxwritecnt)
                        mp->mnt_maxwritecnt = (u_int32_t)temp;
        }

        if (readsegcnt) {
                temp = (readsegcnt > UINT16_MAX) ? UINT16_MAX : readsegcnt;
        } else {
                temp = mp->mnt_maxreadcnt / PAGE_SIZE;

                if (temp > UINT16_MAX)
                        temp = UINT16_MAX;
        }
        mp->mnt_segreadcnt = (u_int16_t)temp;

        if (writesegcnt) {
                temp = (writesegcnt > UINT16_MAX) ? UINT16_MAX : writesegcnt;
        } else {
                temp = mp->mnt_maxwritecnt / PAGE_SIZE;

                if (temp > UINT16_MAX)
                        temp = UINT16_MAX;
        }
        mp->mnt_segwritecnt = (u_int16_t)temp;

        if (readsegsize)
                temp = (readsegsize > UINT32_MAX) ? UINT32_MAX : readsegsize;
        else
                temp = mp->mnt_maxreadcnt;
        mp->mnt_maxsegreadsize = (u_int32_t)temp;

        if (writesegsize)
                temp = (writesegsize > UINT32_MAX) ? UINT32_MAX : writesegsize;
        else
                temp = mp->mnt_maxwritecnt;
        mp->mnt_maxsegwritesize = (u_int32_t)temp;

        if (alignment)
                temp = (alignment > PAGE_SIZE) ? PAGE_MASK : alignment - 1;
        else
                temp = 0;
        mp->mnt_alignmentmask = temp;


        if (ioqueue_depth > MNT_DEFAULT_IOQUEUE_DEPTH)
                temp = ioqueue_depth;
        else
                temp = MNT_DEFAULT_IOQUEUE_DEPTH;

        mp->mnt_ioqueue_depth = temp;
        mp->mnt_ioscale = (mp->mnt_ioqueue_depth + (MNT_DEFAULT_IOQUEUE_DEPTH - 1)) / MNT_DEFAULT_IOQUEUE_DEPTH;

        if (mp->mnt_ioscale > 1)
                printf("ioqueue_depth = %d,   ioscale = %d\n", (int)mp->mnt_ioqueue_depth, (int)mp->mnt_ioscale);

        if (features & DK_FEATURE_FORCE_UNIT_ACCESS)
                mp->mnt_ioflags |= MNT_IOFLAGS_FUA_SUPPORTED;
        
        return (error);
}

static struct klist fs_klist;
lck_grp_t *fs_klist_lck_grp;
lck_mtx_t *fs_klist_lock;

void
vfs_event_init(void)
{

        klist_init(&fs_klist);
        fs_klist_lck_grp = lck_grp_alloc_init("fs_klist", NULL);
        fs_klist_lock = lck_mtx_alloc_init(fs_klist_lck_grp, NULL);
}

void
vfs_event_signal(__unused fsid_t *fsid, u_int32_t event, __unused intptr_t data)
{
        lck_mtx_lock(fs_klist_lock);
        KNOTE(&fs_klist, event);
        lck_mtx_unlock(fs_klist_lock);
}

/*
 * return the number of mounted filesystems.
 */
static int
sysctl_vfs_getvfscnt(void)
{
        return(mount_getvfscnt());
}


static int
mount_getvfscnt(void)
{
        int ret;

        mount_list_lock();
        ret = nummounts;
        mount_list_unlock();
        return (ret);

}



static int
mount_fillfsids(fsid_t *fsidlst, int count)
{
        struct mount *mp;
        int actual=0;

        actual = 0;
        mount_list_lock();
        TAILQ_FOREACH(mp, &mountlist, mnt_list) {
                if (actual <= count) {
                        fsidlst[actual] = mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fsid;
                        actual++;
                }
        }
        mount_list_unlock();
        return (actual);

}

/*
 * fill in the array of fsid_t's up to a max of 'count', the actual
 * number filled in will be set in '*actual'.  If there are more fsid_t's
 * than room in fsidlst then ENOMEM will be returned and '*actual' will
 * have the actual count.
 * having *actual filled out even in the error case is depended upon.
 */
static int
sysctl_vfs_getvfslist(fsid_t *fsidlst, int count, int *actual)
{
        struct mount *mp;

        *actual = 0;
        mount_list_lock();
        TAILQ_FOREACH(mp, &mountlist, mnt_list) {
                (*actual)++;
                if (*actual <= count)
                        fsidlst[(*actual) - 1] = mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fsid;
        }
        mount_list_unlock();
        return (*actual <= count ? 0 : ENOMEM);
}

static int
sysctl_vfs_vfslist(__unused struct sysctl_oid *oidp, __unused void *arg1,
                __unused int arg2, struct sysctl_req *req)
{
        int actual, error;
        size_t space;
        fsid_t *fsidlst;

        /* This is a readonly node. */
        if (req->newptr != USER_ADDR_NULL)
                return (EPERM);

        /* they are querying us so just return the space required. */
        if (req->oldptr == USER_ADDR_NULL) {
                req->oldidx = sysctl_vfs_getvfscnt() * sizeof(fsid_t);
                return 0;
        }
again:
        /*
         * Retrieve an accurate count of the amount of space required to copy
         * out all the fsids in the system.
         */
        space = req->oldlen;
        req->oldlen = sysctl_vfs_getvfscnt() * sizeof(fsid_t);

        /* they didn't give us enough space. */
        if (space < req->oldlen)
                return (ENOMEM);

        MALLOC(fsidlst, fsid_t *, req->oldlen, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        if (fsidlst == NULL) {
                return (ENOMEM);
        }

        error = sysctl_vfs_getvfslist(fsidlst, req->oldlen / sizeof(fsid_t),
            &actual);
        /*
         * If we get back ENOMEM, then another mount has been added while we
         * slept in malloc above.  If this is the case then try again.
         */
        if (error == ENOMEM) {
                FREE(fsidlst, M_TEMP);
                req->oldlen = space;
                goto again;
        }
        if (error == 0) {
                error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, fsidlst, actual * sizeof(fsid_t));
        }
        FREE(fsidlst, M_TEMP);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Do a sysctl by fsid.
 */
static int
sysctl_vfs_ctlbyfsid(__unused struct sysctl_oid *oidp, void *arg1, int arg2,
                struct sysctl_req *req)
{
        union union_vfsidctl vc;
        struct mount *mp;
        struct vfsstatfs *sp;
        int *name, flags, namelen;
        int error=0, gotref=0;
        vfs_context_t ctx = vfs_context_current();
        proc_t p = req->p;      /* XXX req->p != current_proc()? */
        boolean_t is_64_bit;

        name = arg1;
        namelen = arg2;
        is_64_bit = proc_is64bit(p);

        error = SYSCTL_IN(req, &vc, is_64_bit? sizeof(vc.vc64):sizeof(vc.vc32));
        if (error)
                goto out;
        if (vc.vc32.vc_vers != VFS_CTL_VERS1) { /* works for 32 and 64 */
                error = EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }
        mp = mount_list_lookupby_fsid(&vc.vc32.vc_fsid, 0, 1); /* works for 32 and 64 */
        if (mp == NULL) {
                error = ENOENT;
                goto out;
        }
        gotref = 1;
        /* reset so that the fs specific code can fetch it. */
        req->newidx = 0;
        /*
         * Note if this is a VFS_CTL then we pass the actual sysctl req
         * in for "oldp" so that the lower layer can DTRT and use the
         * SYSCTL_IN/OUT routines.
         */
        if (mp->mnt_op->vfs_sysctl != NULL) {
                if (is_64_bit) {
                        if (vfs_64bitready(mp)) {
                                error = mp->mnt_op->vfs_sysctl(name, namelen,
                                    CAST_USER_ADDR_T(req),
                                    NULL, USER_ADDR_NULL, 0, 
                                    ctx);
                        }
                        else {
                                error = ENOTSUP;
                        }
                }
                else {
                        error = mp->mnt_op->vfs_sysctl(name, namelen,
                            CAST_USER_ADDR_T(req),
                            NULL, USER_ADDR_NULL, 0, 
                            ctx);
                }
                if (error != ENOTSUP) {
                        goto out;
                }
        }
        switch (name[0]) {
        case VFS_CTL_UMOUNT:
                req->newidx = 0;
                if (is_64_bit) {
                        req->newptr = vc.vc64.vc_ptr;
                        req->newlen = (size_t)vc.vc64.vc_len;
                }
                else {
                        req->newptr = CAST_USER_ADDR_T(vc.vc32.vc_ptr);
                        req->newlen = vc.vc32.vc_len;
                }
                error = SYSCTL_IN(req, &flags, sizeof(flags));
                if (error)
                        break;

                mount_ref(mp, 0);
                mount_iterdrop(mp);
                gotref = 0;
                /* safedounmount consumes a ref */
                error = safedounmount(mp, flags, ctx);
                break;
        case VFS_CTL_STATFS:
                req->newidx = 0;
                if (is_64_bit) {
                        req->newptr = vc.vc64.vc_ptr;
                        req->newlen = (size_t)vc.vc64.vc_len;
                }
                else {
                        req->newptr = CAST_USER_ADDR_T(vc.vc32.vc_ptr);
                        req->newlen = vc.vc32.vc_len;
                }
                error = SYSCTL_IN(req, &flags, sizeof(flags));
                if (error)
                        break;
                sp = &mp->mnt_vfsstat;
                if (((flags & MNT_NOWAIT) == 0 || (flags & (MNT_WAIT | MNT_DWAIT))) &&
                    (error = vfs_update_vfsstat(mp, ctx, VFS_USER_EVENT)))
                        goto out;
                if (is_64_bit) {
                        struct user64_statfs sfs;
                        bzero(&sfs, sizeof(sfs));
                        sfs.f_flags = mp->mnt_flag & MNT_VISFLAGMASK;
                        sfs.f_type = mp->mnt_vtable->vfc_typenum;
                        sfs.f_bsize = (user64_long_t)sp->f_bsize;
                        sfs.f_iosize = (user64_long_t)sp->f_iosize;
                        sfs.f_blocks = (user64_long_t)sp->f_blocks;
                        sfs.f_bfree = (user64_long_t)sp->f_bfree;
                        sfs.f_bavail = (user64_long_t)sp->f_bavail;
                        sfs.f_files = (user64_long_t)sp->f_files;
                        sfs.f_ffree = (user64_long_t)sp->f_ffree;
                        sfs.f_fsid = sp->f_fsid;
                        sfs.f_owner = sp->f_owner;
    
                        strlcpy(sfs.f_fstypename, sp->f_fstypename, MFSNAMELEN);
                        strlcpy(sfs.f_mntonname, sp->f_mntonname, MNAMELEN);
                        strlcpy(sfs.f_mntfromname, sp->f_mntfromname, MNAMELEN);
            
                        error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &sfs, sizeof(sfs));
                }
                else {
                        struct user32_statfs sfs;
                        bzero(&sfs, sizeof(sfs));
                        sfs.f_flags = mp->mnt_flag & MNT_VISFLAGMASK;
                        sfs.f_type = mp->mnt_vtable->vfc_typenum;

                        /*
                         * It's possible for there to be more than 2^^31 blocks in the filesystem, so we
                         * have to fudge the numbers here in that case.   We inflate the blocksize in order
                         * to reflect the filesystem size as best we can.
                         */
                        if (sp->f_blocks > INT_MAX) {
                                int             shift;

                                /*
                                 * Work out how far we have to shift the block count down to make it fit.
                                 * Note that it's possible to have to shift so far that the resulting
                                 * blocksize would be unreportably large.  At that point, we will clip
                                 * any values that don't fit.
                                 *
                                 * For safety's sake, we also ensure that f_iosize is never reported as
                                 * being smaller than f_bsize.
                                 */
                                for (shift = 0; shift < 32; shift++) {
                                        if ((sp->f_blocks >> shift) <= INT_MAX)
                                                break;
                                        if ((((long long)sp->f_bsize) << (shift + 1)) > INT_MAX)
                                                break;
                                }
#define __SHIFT_OR_CLIP(x, s)   ((((x) >> (s)) > INT_MAX) ? INT_MAX : ((x) >> (s)))
                                sfs.f_blocks = (user32_long_t)__SHIFT_OR_CLIP(sp->f_blocks, shift);
                                sfs.f_bfree = (user32_long_t)__SHIFT_OR_CLIP(sp->f_bfree, shift);
                                sfs.f_bavail = (user32_long_t)__SHIFT_OR_CLIP(sp->f_bavail, shift);
#undef __SHIFT_OR_CLIP
                                sfs.f_bsize = (user32_long_t)(sp->f_bsize << shift);
                                sfs.f_iosize = lmax(sp->f_iosize, sp->f_bsize);
                        } else {
                                sfs.f_bsize = (user32_long_t)sp->f_bsize;
                                sfs.f_iosize = (user32_long_t)sp->f_iosize;
                                sfs.f_blocks = (user32_long_t)sp->f_blocks;
                                sfs.f_bfree = (user32_long_t)sp->f_bfree;
                                sfs.f_bavail = (user32_long_t)sp->f_bavail;
                        }
                        sfs.f_files = (user32_long_t)sp->f_files;
                        sfs.f_ffree = (user32_long_t)sp->f_ffree;
                        sfs.f_fsid = sp->f_fsid;
                        sfs.f_owner = sp->f_owner;
    
                        strlcpy(sfs.f_fstypename, sp->f_fstypename, MFSNAMELEN);
                        strlcpy(sfs.f_mntonname, sp->f_mntonname, MNAMELEN);
                        strlcpy(sfs.f_mntfromname, sp->f_mntfromname, MNAMELEN);
            
                        error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &sfs, sizeof(sfs));
                }
                break;
        default:
                error = ENOTSUP;
                goto out;
        }
out:
        if(gotref != 0)
                mount_iterdrop(mp);
        return (error);
}

static int      filt_fsattach(struct knote *kn);
static void     filt_fsdetach(struct knote *kn);
static int      filt_fsevent(struct knote *kn, long hint);
struct filterops fs_filtops = {
        .f_attach = filt_fsattach,
        .f_detach = filt_fsdetach,
        .f_event = filt_fsevent,
};

static int
filt_fsattach(struct knote *kn)
{

        lck_mtx_lock(fs_klist_lock);
        kn->kn_flags |= EV_CLEAR;
        KNOTE_ATTACH(&fs_klist, kn);
        lck_mtx_unlock(fs_klist_lock);
        return (0);
}

static void
filt_fsdetach(struct knote *kn)
{
        lck_mtx_lock(fs_klist_lock);
        KNOTE_DETACH(&fs_klist, kn);
        lck_mtx_unlock(fs_klist_lock);
}

static int
filt_fsevent(struct knote *kn, long hint)
{
        /*
         * Backwards compatibility:
         * Other filters would do nothing if kn->kn_sfflags == 0
         */

        if ((kn->kn_sfflags == 0) || (kn->kn_sfflags & hint)) {
                kn->kn_fflags |= hint;
        }

        return (kn->kn_fflags != 0);
}

static int
sysctl_vfs_noremotehang(__unused struct sysctl_oid *oidp,
                __unused void *arg1, __unused int arg2, struct sysctl_req *req)
{
        int out, error;
        pid_t pid;
        proc_t p;

        /* We need a pid. */
        if (req->newptr == USER_ADDR_NULL)
                return (EINVAL);

        error = SYSCTL_IN(req, &pid, sizeof(pid));
        if (error)
                return (error);

        p = proc_find(pid < 0 ? -pid : pid);
        if (p == NULL)
                return (ESRCH);

        /*
         * Fetching the value is ok, but we only fetch if the old
         * pointer is given.
         */
        if (req->oldptr != USER_ADDR_NULL) {
                out = !((p->p_flag & P_NOREMOTEHANG) == 0);
                proc_rele(p);
                error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &out, sizeof(out));
                return (error);
        }

        /* cansignal offers us enough security. */
        if (p != req->p && proc_suser(req->p) != 0) {
                proc_rele(p);
                return (EPERM);
        }

        if (pid < 0)
                OSBitAndAtomic(~((uint32_t)P_NOREMOTEHANG), &p->p_flag);
        else
                OSBitOrAtomic(P_NOREMOTEHANG, &p->p_flag);
        proc_rele(p);

        return (0);
}

/* the vfs.generic. branch. */
SYSCTL_NODE(_vfs, VFS_GENERIC, generic, CTLFLAG_RW|CTLFLAG_LOCKED, NULL, "vfs generic hinge");
/* retreive a list of mounted filesystem fsid_t */
SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs_generic, OID_AUTO, vfsidlist, CTLFLAG_RD,
    NULL, 0, sysctl_vfs_vfslist, "S,fsid", "List of mounted filesystem ids");
/* perform operations on filesystem via fsid_t */
SYSCTL_NODE(_vfs_generic, OID_AUTO, ctlbyfsid, CTLFLAG_RW|CTLFLAG_LOCKED,
    sysctl_vfs_ctlbyfsid, "ctlbyfsid");
SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs_generic, OID_AUTO, noremotehang, CTLFLAG_RW|CTLFLAG_ANYBODY,
    NULL, 0, sysctl_vfs_noremotehang, "I", "noremotehang");
        
        
long num_reusedvnodes = 0;

static int
new_vnode(vnode_t *vpp)
{
        vnode_t vp;
        int retries = 0;                                /* retry incase of tablefull */
        int force_alloc = 0, walk_count = 0;
        unsigned int  vpid;
        struct timespec ts;
        struct timeval current_tv;
#ifndef __LP64__
        struct unsafe_fsnode *l_unsafefs = 0;
#endif /* __LP64__ */
        proc_t  curproc = current_proc();

retry:
        microuptime(&current_tv);

        vp = NULLVP;

        vnode_list_lock();

        if ( !TAILQ_EMPTY(&vnode_dead_list)) {
                /*
                 * Can always reuse a dead one
                 */
                vp = TAILQ_FIRST(&vnode_dead_list);
                goto steal_this_vp;
        }
        /*
         * no dead vnodes available... if we're under
         * the limit, we'll create a new vnode
         */
        if (numvnodes < desiredvnodes || force_alloc) {
                numvnodes++;
                vnode_list_unlock();

                MALLOC_ZONE(vp, struct vnode *, sizeof(*vp), M_VNODE, M_WAITOK);
                bzero((char *)vp, sizeof(*vp));
                VLISTNONE(vp);          /* avoid double queue removal */
                lck_mtx_init(&vp->v_lock, vnode_lck_grp, vnode_lck_attr);

                klist_init(&vp->v_knotes);
                nanouptime(&ts);
                vp->v_id = ts.tv_nsec;
                vp->v_flag = VSTANDARD;

#if CONFIG_MACF
                if (mac_vnode_label_init_needed(vp))
                        mac_vnode_label_init(vp);
#endif /* MAC */

                vp->v_iocount = 1;
                goto done;
        }

#define MAX_WALK_COUNT 1000

        if ( !TAILQ_EMPTY(&vnode_rage_list) &&
             (ragevnodes >= rage_limit ||
              (current_tv.tv_sec - rage_tv.tv_sec) >= RAGE_TIME_LIMIT)) {

                TAILQ_FOREACH(vp, &vnode_rage_list, v_freelist) {
                    if ( !(vp->v_listflag & VLIST_RAGE))
                        panic("new_vnode: vp (%p) on RAGE list not marked VLIST_RAGE", vp);

                    // if we're a dependency-capable process, skip vnodes that can
                    // cause recycling deadlocks. (i.e. this process is diskimages
                    // helper and the vnode is in a disk image).
                    //
                    if ((curproc->p_flag & P_DEPENDENCY_CAPABLE) == 0 || vp->v_mount == NULL || vp->v_mount->mnt_dependent_process == NULL) {
                        break;
                    }

                    // don't iterate more than MAX_WALK_COUNT vnodes to
                    // avoid keeping the vnode list lock held for too long.
                    if (walk_count++ > MAX_WALK_COUNT) {
                        vp = NULL;
                        break;
                    }
                }

        }

        if (vp == NULL && !TAILQ_EMPTY(&vnode_free_list)) {
                /*
                 * Pick the first vp for possible reuse
                 */
                walk_count = 0;
                TAILQ_FOREACH(vp, &vnode_free_list, v_freelist) {
                    // if we're a dependency-capable process, skip vnodes that can
                    // cause recycling deadlocks. (i.e. this process is diskimages
                    // helper and the vnode is in a disk image)
                    //
                    if ((curproc->p_flag & P_DEPENDENCY_CAPABLE) == 0 || vp->v_mount == NULL || vp->v_mount->mnt_dependent_process == NULL) {
                        break;
                    }

                    // don't iterate more than MAX_WALK_COUNT vnodes to
                    // avoid keeping the vnode list lock held for too long.
                    if (walk_count++ > MAX_WALK_COUNT) {
                        vp = NULL;
                        break;
                    }
                }

        }

        //
        // if we don't have a vnode and the walk_count is >= MAX_WALK_COUNT
        // then we're trying to create a vnode on behalf of a
        // process like diskimages-helper that has file systems
        // mounted on top of itself (and thus we can't reclaim
        // vnodes in the file systems on top of us).  if we can't
        // find a vnode to reclaim then we'll just have to force
        // the allocation.
        //
        if (vp == NULL && walk_count >= MAX_WALK_COUNT) {
            force_alloc = 1;
            vnode_list_unlock();
            goto retry;
        }

        if (vp == NULL) {
                /*
                 * we've reached the system imposed maximum number of vnodes
                 * but there isn't a single one available
                 * wait a bit and then retry... if we can't get a vnode
                 * after 100 retries, than log a complaint
                 */
                if (++retries <= 100) {
                        vnode_list_unlock();
                        delay_for_interval(1, 1000 * 1000);
                        goto retry;
                }
                        
                vnode_list_unlock();
                tablefull("vnode");
                log(LOG_EMERG, "%d desired, %d numvnodes, "
                        "%d free, %d dead, %d rage\n",
                        desiredvnodes, numvnodes, freevnodes, deadvnodes, ragevnodes);
#if CONFIG_EMBEDDED
                /*
                 * Running out of vnodes tends to make a system unusable. Start killing
                 * processes that jetsam knows are killable.
                 */
                if (jetsam_kill_top_proc() < 0) {
                        /*
                         * If jetsam can't find any more processes to kill and there
                         * still aren't any free vnodes, panic. Hopefully we'll get a
                         * panic log to tell us why we ran out.
                         */
                        panic("vnode table is full\n");
                }

                delay_for_interval(1, 1000 * 1000);
                goto retry;
#endif

                *vpp = NULL;
                return (ENFILE);
        }
steal_this_vp:
        vpid = vp->v_id;

        vnode_list_remove_locked(vp);

        vnode_list_unlock();

        vnode_lock_spin(vp);

        /* 
         * We could wait for the vnode_lock after removing the vp from the freelist
         * and the vid is bumped only at the very end of reclaim. So it is  possible
         * that we are looking at a vnode that is being terminated. If so skip it.
         */ 
        if ((vpid != vp->v_id) || (vp->v_usecount != 0) || (vp->v_iocount != 0) || 
                        VONLIST(vp) || (vp->v_lflag & VL_TERMINATE)) {
                /*
                 * we lost the race between dropping the list lock
                 * and picking up the vnode_lock... someone else
                 * used this vnode and it is now in a new state
                 * so we need to go back and try again
                 */
                vnode_unlock(vp);
                goto retry;
        }
        if ( (vp->v_lflag & (VL_NEEDINACTIVE | VL_MARKTERM)) == VL_NEEDINACTIVE ) {
                /*
                 * we did a vnode_rele_ext that asked for
                 * us not to reenter the filesystem during
                 * the release even though VL_NEEDINACTIVE was
                 * set... we'll do it here by doing a
                 * vnode_get/vnode_put
                 *
                 * pick up an iocount so that we can call
                 * vnode_put and drive the VNOP_INACTIVE...
                 * vnode_put will either leave us off 
                 * the freelist if a new ref comes in,
                 * or put us back on the end of the freelist
                 * or recycle us if we were marked for termination...
                 * so we'll just go grab a new candidate
                 */
                vp->v_iocount++;
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
                record_vp(vp, 1);
#endif
                vnode_put_locked(vp);
                vnode_unlock(vp);
                goto retry;
        }
        OSAddAtomicLong(1, &num_reusedvnodes);

        /* Checks for anyone racing us for recycle */ 
        if (vp->v_type != VBAD) {
                if (vp->v_lflag & VL_DEAD)
                        panic("new_vnode(%p): the vnode is VL_DEAD but not VBAD", vp);
                vnode_lock_convert(vp);
                (void)vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 1, 1, 0);

                if ((VONLIST(vp)))
                        panic("new_vnode(%p): vp on list", vp);
                if (vp->v_usecount || vp->v_iocount || vp->v_kusecount ||
                    (vp->v_lflag & (VNAMED_UBC | VNAMED_MOUNT | VNAMED_FSHASH)))
                        panic("new_vnode(%p): free vnode still referenced", vp);
                if ((vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_prev != 0) && (vp->v_mntvnodes.tqe_next != 0))
                        panic("new_vnode(%p): vnode seems to be on mount list", vp);
                if ( !LIST_EMPTY(&vp->v_nclinks) || !LIST_EMPTY(&vp->v_ncchildren))
                        panic("new_vnode(%p): vnode still hooked into the name cache", vp);
        }

#ifndef __LP64__
        if (vp->v_unsafefs) {
                l_unsafefs = vp->v_unsafefs;
                vp->v_unsafefs = (struct unsafe_fsnode *)NULL;
        }
#endif /* __LP64__ */

#if CONFIG_MACF
        /*
         * We should never see VL_LABELWAIT or VL_LABEL here.
         * as those operations hold a reference.
         */
        assert ((vp->v_lflag & VL_LABELWAIT) != VL_LABELWAIT);
        assert ((vp->v_lflag & VL_LABEL) != VL_LABEL);
        if (vp->v_lflag & VL_LABELED) {
                vnode_lock_convert(vp);
                mac_vnode_label_recycle(vp);
        } else if (mac_vnode_label_init_needed(vp)) {
                vnode_lock_convert(vp);
                mac_vnode_label_init(vp);
        }

#endif /* MAC */

        vp->v_iocount = 1;
        vp->v_lflag = 0;
        vp->v_writecount = 0;
        vp->v_references = 0;
        vp->v_iterblkflags = 0;
        vp->v_flag = VSTANDARD;
        /* vbad vnodes can point to dead_mountp */
        vp->v_mount = NULL;
        vp->v_defer_reclaimlist = (vnode_t)0;

        vnode_unlock(vp);

#ifndef __LP64__
        if (l_unsafefs) {
                lck_mtx_destroy(&l_unsafefs->fsnodelock, vnode_lck_grp);
                FREE_ZONE((void *)l_unsafefs, sizeof(struct unsafe_fsnode), M_UNSAFEFS);
        }
#endif /* __LP64__ */

done:
        *vpp = vp;

        return (0);
}

void
vnode_lock(vnode_t vp)
{
        lck_mtx_lock(&vp->v_lock);
}

void
vnode_lock_spin(vnode_t vp)
{
        lck_mtx_lock_spin(&vp->v_lock);
}

void
vnode_unlock(vnode_t vp)
{
        lck_mtx_unlock(&vp->v_lock);
}



int
vnode_get(struct vnode *vp)
{
        int retval;

        vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        retval = vnode_get_locked(vp);
        vnode_unlock(vp);

        return(retval); 
}

int
vnode_get_locked(struct vnode *vp)
{
#if DIAGNOSTIC
        lck_mtx_assert(&vp->v_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);
#endif
        if ((vp->v_iocount == 0) && (vp->v_lflag & (VL_TERMINATE | VL_DEAD))) {
                return(ENOENT); 
        }
        vp->v_iocount++;
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
        record_vp(vp, 1);
#endif
        return (0);
}

int
vnode_getwithvid(vnode_t vp, uint32_t vid)
{
        return(vget_internal(vp, vid, ( VNODE_NODEAD| VNODE_WITHID)));
}

int
vnode_getwithref(vnode_t vp)
{
        return(vget_internal(vp, 0, 0));
}


__private_extern__ int
vnode_getalways(vnode_t vp)
{
        return(vget_internal(vp, 0, VNODE_ALWAYS));
}

int
vnode_put(vnode_t vp)
{
        int retval;

        vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        retval = vnode_put_locked(vp);
        vnode_unlock(vp);

        return(retval);
}

int
vnode_put_locked(vnode_t vp)
{
        vfs_context_t ctx = vfs_context_current();      /* hoist outside loop */

#if DIAGNOSTIC
        lck_mtx_assert(&vp->v_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);
#endif
retry:
        if (vp->v_iocount < 1) 
                panic("vnode_put(%p): iocount < 1", vp);

        if ((vp->v_usecount > 0) || (vp->v_iocount > 1))  {
                vnode_dropiocount(vp);
                return(0);
        }
        if ((vp->v_lflag & (VL_MARKTERM | VL_TERMINATE | VL_DEAD | VL_NEEDINACTIVE)) == VL_NEEDINACTIVE) {

                vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_NEEDINACTIVE;
                vnode_unlock(vp);

                VNOP_INACTIVE(vp, ctx);

                vnode_lock_spin(vp);
                /*
                 * because we had to drop the vnode lock before calling
                 * VNOP_INACTIVE, the state of this vnode may have changed...
                 * we may pick up both VL_MARTERM and either
                 * an iocount or a usecount while in the VNOP_INACTIVE call
                 * we don't want to call vnode_reclaim_internal on a vnode
                 * that has active references on it... so loop back around
                 * and reevaluate the state
                 */
                goto retry;
        }
        vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_NEEDINACTIVE;

        if ((vp->v_lflag & (VL_MARKTERM | VL_TERMINATE | VL_DEAD)) == VL_MARKTERM) {
                vnode_lock_convert(vp);
                vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 1, 1, 0);
        }
        vnode_dropiocount(vp);
        vnode_list_add(vp);

        return(0);
}

/* is vnode_t in use by others?  */
int 
vnode_isinuse(vnode_t vp, int refcnt)
{
        return(vnode_isinuse_locked(vp, refcnt, 0));
}


static int 
vnode_isinuse_locked(vnode_t vp, int refcnt, int locked)
{
        int retval = 0;

        if (!locked)
                vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        if ((vp->v_type != VREG) && ((vp->v_usecount - vp->v_kusecount) >  refcnt)) {
                retval = 1;
                goto out;
        }
        if (vp->v_type == VREG)  {
                retval = ubc_isinuse_locked(vp, refcnt, 1);
        }
                
out:
        if (!locked)
                vnode_unlock(vp);
        return(retval);
}


/* resume vnode_t */
errno_t 
vnode_resume(vnode_t vp)
{
        if ((vp->v_lflag & VL_SUSPENDED) && vp->v_owner == current_thread()) {

                vnode_lock_spin(vp);
                vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_SUSPENDED;
                vp->v_owner = NULL;
                vnode_unlock(vp);

                wakeup(&vp->v_iocount);
        }
        return(0);
}

/* suspend vnode_t
 * Please do not use on more than one vnode at a time as it may
 * cause deadlocks.
 * xxx should we explicity prevent this from happening?
 */

errno_t
vnode_suspend(vnode_t vp)
{
        if (vp->v_lflag & VL_SUSPENDED) {
                return(EBUSY);
        }

        vnode_lock_spin(vp);

        /* 
         * xxx is this sufficient to check if a vnode_drain is 
         * progress?
         */

        if (vp->v_owner == NULL) {
                vp->v_lflag |= VL_SUSPENDED;
                vp->v_owner = current_thread();
        }
        vnode_unlock(vp);

        return(0);
}
                                        
                                        

static errno_t 
vnode_drain(vnode_t vp)
{
        
        if (vp->v_lflag & VL_DRAIN) {
                panic("vnode_drain: recursuve drain");
                return(ENOENT);
        }
        vp->v_lflag |= VL_DRAIN;
        vp->v_owner = current_thread();

        while (vp->v_iocount > 1)
                msleep(&vp->v_iocount, &vp->v_lock, PVFS, "vnode_drain", NULL);
        return(0);
}


/*
 * if the number of recent references via vnode_getwithvid or vnode_getwithref
 * exceeds this threshhold, than 'UN-AGE' the vnode by removing it from
 * the LRU list if it's currently on it... once the iocount and usecount both drop
 * to 0, it will get put back on the end of the list, effectively making it younger
 * this allows us to keep actively referenced vnodes in the list without having
 * to constantly remove and add to the list each time a vnode w/o a usecount is
 * referenced which costs us taking and dropping a global lock twice.
 */
#define UNAGE_THRESHHOLD        25

static errno_t
vnode_getiocount(vnode_t vp, unsigned int vid, int vflags)
{
        int nodead = vflags & VNODE_NODEAD;
        int nosusp = vflags & VNODE_NOSUSPEND;
        int always = vflags & VNODE_ALWAYS;

        for (;;) {
                /*
                 * if it is a dead vnode with deadfs
                 */
                if (nodead && (vp->v_lflag & VL_DEAD) && ((vp->v_type == VBAD) || (vp->v_data == 0))) {
                        return(ENOENT);
                }
                /*
                 * will return VL_DEAD ones
                 */
                if ((vp->v_lflag & (VL_SUSPENDED | VL_DRAIN | VL_TERMINATE)) == 0 ) {
                        break;
                }
                /*
                 * if suspended vnodes are to be failed
                 */
                if (nosusp && (vp->v_lflag & VL_SUSPENDED)) {
                        return(ENOENT);
                }
                /*
                 * if you are the owner of drain/suspend/termination , can acquire iocount
                 * check for VL_TERMINATE; it does not set owner
                 */
                if ((vp->v_lflag & (VL_DRAIN | VL_SUSPENDED | VL_TERMINATE)) &&
                    (vp->v_owner == current_thread())) {
                        break;
                }
                
                if (always != 0) 
                        break;
                vnode_lock_convert(vp);

                if (vp->v_lflag & VL_TERMINATE) {
                        vp->v_lflag |= VL_TERMWANT;

                        msleep(&vp->v_lflag,   &vp->v_lock, PVFS, "vnode getiocount", NULL);
                } else
                        msleep(&vp->v_iocount, &vp->v_lock, PVFS, "vnode_getiocount", NULL);
        }
        if (vid != vp->v_id) {
                return(ENOENT);
        }
        if (++vp->v_references >= UNAGE_THRESHHOLD) {
                vp->v_references = 0;
                vnode_list_remove(vp);
        }
        vp->v_iocount++;
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
        record_vp(vp, 1);
#endif
        return(0);      
}

static void
vnode_dropiocount (vnode_t vp)
{
        if (vp->v_iocount < 1)
                panic("vnode_dropiocount(%p): v_iocount < 1", vp);

        vp->v_iocount--;
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
        record_vp(vp, -1);
#endif
        if ((vp->v_lflag & (VL_DRAIN | VL_SUSPENDED)) && (vp->v_iocount <= 1))
                wakeup(&vp->v_iocount);
}


void
vnode_reclaim(struct vnode * vp)
{
        vnode_reclaim_internal(vp, 0, 0, 0);
}

__private_extern__
void
vnode_reclaim_internal(struct vnode * vp, int locked, int reuse, int flags)
{
        int isfifo = 0;

        if (!locked)
                vnode_lock(vp);

        if (vp->v_lflag & VL_TERMINATE) {
                panic("vnode reclaim in progress");
        }
        vp->v_lflag |= VL_TERMINATE;

        vn_clearunionwait(vp, 1);

        vnode_drain(vp);

        isfifo = (vp->v_type == VFIFO);

        if (vp->v_type != VBAD)
                vgone(vp, flags);               /* clean and reclaim the vnode */

        /*
         * give the vnode a new identity so that vnode_getwithvid will fail
         * on any stale cache accesses...
         * grab the list_lock so that if we're in "new_vnode"
         * behind the list_lock trying to steal this vnode, the v_id is stable...
         * once new_vnode drops the list_lock, it will block trying to take
         * the vnode lock until we release it... at that point it will evaluate
         * whether the v_vid has changed
         * also need to make sure that the vnode isn't on a list where "new_vnode"
         * can find it after the v_id has been bumped until we are completely done
         * with the vnode (i.e. putting it back on a list has to be the very last
         * thing we do to this vnode... many of the callers of vnode_reclaim_internal
         * are holding an io_count on the vnode... they need to drop the io_count
         * BEFORE doing a vnode_list_add or make sure to hold the vnode lock until
         * they are completely done with the vnode
         */
        vnode_list_lock();

        vnode_list_remove_locked(vp);
        vp->v_id++;

        vnode_list_unlock();

        if (isfifo) {
                struct fifoinfo * fip;

                fip = vp->v_fifoinfo;
                vp->v_fifoinfo = NULL;
                FREE(fip, M_TEMP);
        }
        vp->v_type = VBAD;

        if (vp->v_data)
                panic("vnode_reclaim_internal: cleaned vnode isn't");
        if (vp->v_numoutput)
                panic("vnode_reclaim_internal: clean vnode has pending I/O's");
        if (UBCINFOEXISTS(vp))
                panic("vnode_reclaim_internal: ubcinfo not cleaned");
        if (vp->v_parent)
                panic("vnode_reclaim_internal: vparent not removed");
        if (vp->v_name)
                panic("vnode_reclaim_internal: vname not removed");

        vp->v_socket = NULL;

        vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_TERMINATE;
        vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_DRAIN;
        vp->v_owner = NULL;

        KNOTE(&vp->v_knotes, NOTE_REVOKE);

        /* Make sure that when we reuse the vnode, no knotes left over */
        klist_init(&vp->v_knotes);

        if (vp->v_lflag & VL_TERMWANT) {
                vp->v_lflag &= ~VL_TERMWANT;
                wakeup(&vp->v_lflag);
        }
        if (!reuse) {
                /*
                 * make sure we get on the
                 * dead list if appropriate
                 */
                vnode_list_add(vp);
        }
        if (!locked)
                vnode_unlock(vp);
}

/* USAGE:
 * The following api creates a vnode and associates all the parameter specified in vnode_fsparam
 * structure and returns a vnode handle with a reference. device aliasing is handled here so checkalias
 * is obsoleted by this.
 *  vnode_create(int flavor, size_t size, void * param,  vnode_t  *vp)
 */
int  
vnode_create(uint32_t flavor, uint32_t size, void *data, vnode_t *vpp)
{
        int error;
        int insert = 1;
        vnode_t vp;
        vnode_t nvp;
        vnode_t dvp;
        struct  uthread *ut;
        struct componentname *cnp;
        struct vnode_fsparam *param = (struct vnode_fsparam *)data;
        
        if (flavor == VNCREATE_FLAVOR && (size == VCREATESIZE) && param) {
                if ( (error = new_vnode(&vp)) ) {
                        return(error);
                } else {
                        dvp = param->vnfs_dvp;
                        cnp = param->vnfs_cnp;

                        vp->v_op = param->vnfs_vops;
                        vp->v_type = param->vnfs_vtype;
                        vp->v_data = param->vnfs_fsnode;

                        if (param->vnfs_markroot)
                                vp->v_flag |= VROOT;
                        if (param->vnfs_marksystem)
                                vp->v_flag |= VSYSTEM;
                        if (vp->v_type == VREG) {
                                error = ubc_info_init_withsize(vp, param->vnfs_filesize);
                                if (error) {
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
                                        record_vp(vp, 1);
#endif
                                        vp->v_mount = NULL;
                                        vp->v_op = dead_vnodeop_p;
                                        vp->v_tag = VT_NON;
                                        vp->v_data = NULL;
                                        vp->v_type = VBAD;
                                        vp->v_lflag |= VL_DEAD;

                                        vnode_put(vp);
                                        return(error);
                                }
                        }
#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
                        record_vp(vp, 1);
#endif
                        if (vp->v_type == VCHR || vp->v_type == VBLK) {
                
                                vp->v_tag = VT_DEVFS;           /* callers will reset if needed (bdevvp) */

                                if ( (nvp = checkalias(vp, param->vnfs_rdev)) ) {
                                        /*
                                         * if checkalias returns a vnode, it will be locked
                                         *
                                         * first get rid of the unneeded vnode we acquired
                                         */
                                        vp->v_data = NULL;
                                        vp->v_op = spec_vnodeop_p;
                                        vp->v_type = VBAD;
                                        vp->v_lflag = VL_DEAD;
                                        vp->v_data = NULL; 
                                        vp->v_tag = VT_NON;
                                        vnode_put(vp);

                                        /*
                                         * switch to aliased vnode and finish
                                         * preparing it
                                         */
                                        vp = nvp;

                                        vclean(vp, 0);
                                        vp->v_op = param->vnfs_vops;
                                        vp->v_type = param->vnfs_vtype;
                                        vp->v_data = param->vnfs_fsnode;
                                        vp->v_lflag = 0;
                                        vp->v_mount = NULL;
                                        insmntque(vp, param->vnfs_mp);
                                        insert = 0;
                                        vnode_unlock(vp);
                                }
                        }

                        if (vp->v_type == VFIFO) {
                                struct fifoinfo *fip;

                                MALLOC(fip, struct fifoinfo *,
                                        sizeof(*fip), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
                                bzero(fip, sizeof(struct fifoinfo ));
                                vp->v_fifoinfo = fip;
                        }
                        /* The file systems must pass the address of the location where
                         * they store the vnode pointer. When we add the vnode into the mount
                         * list and name cache they become discoverable. So the file system node
                         * must have the connection to vnode setup by then
                         */
                        *vpp = vp;

                        /* Add fs named reference. */
                        if (param->vnfs_flags & VNFS_ADDFSREF) {
                                vp->v_lflag |= VNAMED_FSHASH;
                        }
                        if (param->vnfs_mp) {
                                        if (param->vnfs_mp->mnt_kern_flag & MNTK_LOCK_LOCAL)
                                                vp->v_flag |= VLOCKLOCAL;
                                if (insert) {
                                        if ((vp->v_freelist.tqe_prev != (struct vnode **)0xdeadb))
                                                panic("insmntque: vp on the free list\n");
                                        /*
                                         * enter in mount vnode list
                                         */
                                        insmntque(vp, param->vnfs_mp);
                                }
#ifndef __LP64__
                                if ((param->vnfs_mp->mnt_vtable->vfc_vfsflags & VFC_VFSTHREADSAFE) == 0) {
                                        MALLOC_ZONE(vp->v_unsafefs, struct unsafe_fsnode *,
                                                    sizeof(struct unsafe_fsnode), M_UNSAFEFS, M_WAITOK);
                                        vp->v_unsafefs->fsnode_count = 0;
                                        vp->v_unsafefs->fsnodeowner  = (void *)NULL;
                                        lck_mtx_init(&vp->v_unsafefs->fsnodelock, vnode_lck_grp, vnode_lck_attr);
                                }
#endif /* __LP64__ */
                        }
                        if (dvp && vnode_ref(dvp) == 0) {
                                vp->v_parent = dvp;
                        }
                        if (cnp) {
                                if (dvp && ((param->vnfs_flags & (VNFS_NOCACHE | VNFS_CANTCACHE)) == 0)) {
                                        /*
                                         * enter into name cache
                                         * we've got the info to enter it into the name cache now
                                         * cache_enter_create will pick up an extra reference on
                                         * the name entered into the string cache
                                         */
                                        vp->v_name = cache_enter_create(dvp, vp, cnp);
                                } else
                                        vp->v_name = vfs_addname(cnp->cn_nameptr, cnp->cn_namelen, cnp->cn_hash, 0);

                                if ((cnp->cn_flags & UNIONCREATED) == UNIONCREATED)
                                        vp->v_flag |= VISUNION;
                        }
                        if ((param->vnfs_flags & VNFS_CANTCACHE) == 0) {
                                /*
                                 * this vnode is being created as cacheable in the name cache
                                 * this allows us to re-enter it in the cache
                                 */
                                vp->v_flag |= VNCACHEABLE;
                        }
                        ut = get_bsdthread_info(current_thread());
                
                        if ((current_proc()->p_lflag & P_LRAGE_VNODES) ||
                            (ut->uu_flag & UT_RAGE_VNODES)) {
                                /*
                                 * process has indicated that it wants any
                                 * vnodes created on its behalf to be rapidly
                                 * aged to reduce the impact on the cached set
                                 * of vnodes
                                 */
                                vp->v_flag |= VRAGE;
                        }
                        return(0);
                }
        }
        return (EINVAL);
}

int
vnode_addfsref(vnode_t vp)
{
        vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        if (vp->v_lflag & VNAMED_FSHASH)
                panic("add_fsref: vp already has named reference");
        if ((vp->v_freelist.tqe_prev != (struct vnode **)0xdeadb))
                panic("addfsref: vp on the free list\n");
        vp->v_lflag |= VNAMED_FSHASH;
        vnode_unlock(vp);
        return(0);

}
int
vnode_removefsref(vnode_t vp)
{
        vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        if ((vp->v_lflag & VNAMED_FSHASH) == 0)
                panic("remove_fsref: no named reference");
        vp->v_lflag &= ~VNAMED_FSHASH;
        vnode_unlock(vp);
        return(0);

}


int
vfs_iterate(__unused int flags, int (*callout)(mount_t, void *), void *arg)
{
        mount_t mp;
        int ret = 0;
        fsid_t * fsid_list;
        int count, actualcount,  i;
        void * allocmem;

        count = mount_getvfscnt();
        count += 10;

        fsid_list = (fsid_t *)kalloc(count * sizeof(fsid_t));
        allocmem = (void *)fsid_list;

        actualcount = mount_fillfsids(fsid_list, count);

        for (i=0; i< actualcount; i++) {

                /* obtain the mount point with iteration reference */
                mp = mount_list_lookupby_fsid(&fsid_list[i], 0, 1);

                if(mp == (struct mount *)0)
                        continue;
                mount_lock(mp);
                if (mp->mnt_lflag & (MNT_LDEAD | MNT_LUNMOUNT)) {
                        mount_unlock(mp);
                        mount_iterdrop(mp);
                        continue;
                
                }
                mount_unlock(mp);

                /* iterate over all the vnodes */
                ret = callout(mp, arg);

                mount_iterdrop(mp);

                switch (ret) {
                case VFS_RETURNED:
                case VFS_RETURNED_DONE:
                        if (ret == VFS_RETURNED_DONE) {
                                ret = 0;
                                goto out;
                        }
                        break;

                case VFS_CLAIMED_DONE:
                        ret = 0;
                        goto out;
                case VFS_CLAIMED:
                default:
                        break;
                }
                ret = 0;
        }

out:
        kfree(allocmem, (count * sizeof(fsid_t)));
        return (ret);
}

/*
 * Update the vfsstatfs structure in the mountpoint.
 * MAC: Parameter eventtype added, indicating whether the event that
 * triggered this update came from user space, via a system call
 * (VFS_USER_EVENT) or an internal kernel call (VFS_KERNEL_EVENT).
 */
int
vfs_update_vfsstat(mount_t mp, vfs_context_t ctx, __unused int eventtype)
{
        struct vfs_attr va;
        int             error;

        /*
         * Request the attributes we want to propagate into
         * the per-mount vfsstat structure.
         */
        VFSATTR_INIT(&va);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_iosize);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_blocks);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_bfree);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_bavail);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_bused);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_files);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_ffree);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_bsize);
        VFSATTR_WANTED(&va, f_fssubtype);
#if CONFIG_MACF
        if (eventtype == VFS_USER_EVENT) {
                error = mac_mount_check_getattr(ctx, mp, &va);
                if (error != 0)
                        return (error);
        }
#endif

        if ((error = vfs_getattr(mp, &va, ctx)) != 0) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("STAT - filesystem returned error %d", error);
                return(error);
        }

        /*
         * Unpack into the per-mount structure.
         *
         * We only overwrite these fields, which are likely to change:
         *      f_blocks
         *      f_bfree
         *      f_bavail
         *      f_bused
         *      f_files
         *      f_ffree
         *
         * And these which are not, but which the FS has no other way
         * of providing to us:
         *      f_bsize
         *      f_iosize
         *      f_fssubtype
         *
         */
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_bsize)) {
                /* 4822056 - protect against malformed server mount */
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_bsize = (va.f_bsize > 0 ? va.f_bsize : 512);
        } else {
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_bsize = mp->mnt_devblocksize; /* default from the device block size */
        }
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_iosize)) {
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_iosize = va.f_iosize;
        } else {
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_iosize = 1024 * 1024;         /* 1MB sensible I/O size */
        }
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_blocks))
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_blocks = va.f_blocks;
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_bfree))
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_bfree = va.f_bfree;
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_bavail))
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_bavail = va.f_bavail;
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_bused))
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_bused = va.f_bused;
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_files))
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_files = va.f_files;
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_ffree))
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_ffree = va.f_ffree;

        /* this is unlikely to change, but has to be queried for */
        if (VFSATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, f_fssubtype))
                mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fssubtype = va.f_fssubtype;

        return(0);
}

int
mount_list_add(mount_t mp)
{
        int res;

        mount_list_lock();
        if (system_inshutdown != 0) {
                res = -1;
        } else {
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);    
                nummounts++;
                res = 0;
        }
        mount_list_unlock();

        return res;
}

void
mount_list_remove(mount_t mp)
{
        mount_list_lock();
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);
        nummounts--;
        mp->mnt_list.tqe_next = NULL;
        mp->mnt_list.tqe_prev = NULL;
        mount_list_unlock();
}

mount_t
mount_lookupby_volfsid(int volfs_id, int withref)
{
        mount_t cur_mount = (mount_t)0;
        mount_t mp;

        mount_list_lock();
        TAILQ_FOREACH(mp, &mountlist, mnt_list) {
                if (!(mp->mnt_kern_flag & MNTK_UNMOUNT) &&
                    (mp->mnt_kern_flag & MNTK_PATH_FROM_ID) &&
                    (mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fsid.val[0] == volfs_id)) {
                        cur_mount = mp;
                        if (withref) {
                                if (mount_iterref(cur_mount, 1))  {
                                        cur_mount = (mount_t)0;
                                        mount_list_unlock();
                                        goto out;
                                }
                        }
                        break;
                }
        }
        mount_list_unlock();
        if (withref && (cur_mount != (mount_t)0)) {
                mp = cur_mount;
                if (vfs_busy(mp, LK_NOWAIT) != 0) {
                        cur_mount = (mount_t)0;
                }
                mount_iterdrop(mp);
        }
out:
        return(cur_mount);
}

mount_t 
mount_list_lookupby_fsid(fsid_t *fsid, int locked, int withref)
{
        mount_t retmp = (mount_t)0;
        mount_t mp;

        if (!locked)
                mount_list_lock();
        TAILQ_FOREACH(mp, &mountlist, mnt_list) 
                if (mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fsid.val[0] == fsid->val[0] &&
                    mp->mnt_vfsstat.f_fsid.val[1] == fsid->val[1]) {
                        retmp = mp;
                        if (withref) {
                                if (mount_iterref(retmp, 1)) 
                                        retmp = (mount_t)0;
                        }
                        goto out;
                }
out:
        if (!locked)
                mount_list_unlock();
        return (retmp);
}

errno_t
vnode_lookup(const char *path, int flags, vnode_t *vpp, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        struct nameidata nd;
        int error;
        u_int32_t ndflags = 0;

        if (ctx == NULL) {              /* XXX technically an error */
                ctx = vfs_context_current();
        }

        if (flags & VNODE_LOOKUP_NOFOLLOW)
                ndflags = NOFOLLOW;
        else
                ndflags = FOLLOW;

        if (flags & VNODE_LOOKUP_NOCROSSMOUNT)
                ndflags |= NOCROSSMOUNT;
        if (flags & VNODE_LOOKUP_DOWHITEOUT)
                ndflags |= DOWHITEOUT;

        /* XXX AUDITVNPATH1 needed ? */
        NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, ndflags, UIO_SYSSPACE, CAST_USER_ADDR_T(path), ctx);

        if ((error = namei(&nd)))
                return (error);
        *vpp = nd.ni_vp;
        nameidone(&nd);
        
        return (0);
}

errno_t
vnode_open(const char *path, int fmode, int cmode, int flags, vnode_t *vpp, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        struct nameidata nd;
        int error;
        u_int32_t ndflags = 0;
        int lflags = flags;

        if (ctx == NULL) {              /* XXX technically an error */
                ctx = vfs_context_current();
        }

        if (fmode & O_NOFOLLOW)
                lflags |= VNODE_LOOKUP_NOFOLLOW;

        if (lflags & VNODE_LOOKUP_NOFOLLOW)
                ndflags = NOFOLLOW;
        else
                ndflags = FOLLOW;

        if (lflags & VNODE_LOOKUP_NOCROSSMOUNT)
                ndflags |= NOCROSSMOUNT;
        if (lflags & VNODE_LOOKUP_DOWHITEOUT)
                ndflags |= DOWHITEOUT;
        
        /* XXX AUDITVNPATH1 needed ? */
        NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, ndflags, UIO_SYSSPACE, CAST_USER_ADDR_T(path), ctx);

        if ((error = vn_open(&nd, fmode, cmode)))
                *vpp = NULL;
        else
                *vpp = nd.ni_vp;
        
        return (error);
}

errno_t
vnode_close(vnode_t vp, int flags, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        int error;

        if (ctx == NULL) {
                ctx = vfs_context_current();
        }
        
        error = vn_close(vp, flags, ctx);
        vnode_put(vp);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Returns:     0                       Success
 *      vnode_getattr:???
 */
errno_t
vnode_size(vnode_t vp, off_t *sizep, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        struct vnode_attr       va;
        int                     error;

        VATTR_INIT(&va);
        VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_data_size);
        error = vnode_getattr(vp, &va, ctx);
        if (!error)
                *sizep = va.va_data_size;
        return(error);
}

errno_t
vnode_setsize(vnode_t vp, off_t size, int ioflag, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        struct vnode_attr       va;

        VATTR_INIT(&va);
        VATTR_SET(&va, va_data_size, size);
        va.va_vaflags = ioflag & 0xffff;
        return(vnode_setattr(vp, &va, ctx));
}

/*
 * Create a filesystem object of arbitrary type with arbitrary attributes in
 * the spevied directory with the specified name.
 *
 * Parameters:  dvp                     Pointer to the vnode of the directory
 *                                      in which to create the object.
 *              vpp                     Pointer to the area into which to
 *                                      return the vnode of the created object.
 *              cnp                     Component name pointer from the namei
 *                                      data structure, containing the name to
 *                                      use for the create object.
 *              vap                     Pointer to the vnode_attr structure
 *                                      describing the object to be created,
 *                                      including the type of object.
 *              flags                   VN_* flags controlling ACL inheritance
 *                                      and whether or not authorization is to
 *                                      be required for the operation.
 *              
 * Returns:     0                       Success
 *              !0                      errno value
 *
 * Implicit:    *vpp                    Contains the vnode of the object that
 *                                      was created, if successful.
 *              *cnp                    May be modified by the underlying VFS.
 *              *vap                    May be modified by the underlying VFS.
 *                                      modified by either ACL inheritance or
 *              
 *              
 *                                      be modified, even if the operation is
 *                                      
 *
 * Notes:       The kauth_filesec_t in 'vap', if any, is in host byte order.
 *
 *              Modification of '*cnp' and '*vap' by the underlying VFS is
 *              strongly discouraged.
 *
 * XXX:         This function is a 'vn_*' function; it belongs in vfs_vnops.c
 *
 * XXX:         We should enummerate the possible errno values here, and where
 *              in the code they originated.
 */
errno_t
vn_create(vnode_t dvp, vnode_t *vpp, struct componentname *cnp, struct vnode_attr *vap, int flags, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        kauth_acl_t oacl, nacl;
        int initial_acl;
        errno_t error;
        vnode_t vp = (vnode_t)0;

        error = 0;
        oacl = nacl = NULL;
        initial_acl = 0;

        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    CREATE - '%s'", dvp, cnp->cn_nameptr);

        /*
         * Handle ACL inheritance.
         */
        if (!(flags & VN_CREATE_NOINHERIT) && vfs_extendedsecurity(dvp->v_mount)) {
                /* save the original filesec */
                if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_acl)) {
                        initial_acl = 1;
                        oacl = vap->va_acl;
                }

                vap->va_acl = NULL;
                if ((error = kauth_acl_inherit(dvp,
                         oacl,
                         &nacl,
                         vap->va_type == VDIR,
                         ctx)) != 0) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    CREATE - error %d processing inheritance", dvp, error);
                        return(error);
                }

                /*
                 * If the generated ACL is NULL, then we can save ourselves some effort
                 * by clearing the active bit.
                 */
                if (nacl == NULL) {
                        VATTR_CLEAR_ACTIVE(vap, va_acl);
                } else {
                        VATTR_SET(vap, va_acl, nacl);
                }
        }
        
        /*
         * Check and default new attributes.
         * This will set va_uid, va_gid, va_mode and va_create_time at least, if the caller
         * hasn't supplied them.
         */
        if ((error = vnode_authattr_new(dvp, vap, flags & VN_CREATE_NOAUTH, ctx)) != 0) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    CREATE - error %d handing/defaulting attributes", dvp, error);
                goto out;
        }

                
        /*
         * Create the requested node.
         */
        switch(vap->va_type) {
        case VREG:
                error = VNOP_CREATE(dvp, vpp, cnp, vap, ctx);
                break;
        case VDIR:
                error = VNOP_MKDIR(dvp, vpp, cnp, vap, ctx);
                break;
        case VSOCK:
        case VFIFO:
        case VBLK:
        case VCHR:
                error = VNOP_MKNOD(dvp, vpp, cnp, vap, ctx);
                break;
        default:
                panic("vnode_create: unknown vtype %d", vap->va_type);
        }
        if (error != 0) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    CREATE - error %d returned by filesystem", dvp, error);
                goto out;
        }

        vp = *vpp;
#if CONFIG_MACF
        if (!(flags & VN_CREATE_NOLABEL)) {
                error = vnode_label(vnode_mount(vp), dvp, vp, cnp, VNODE_LABEL_CREATE, ctx);
                if (error)
                        goto error;
        }
#endif

        /*
         * If some of the requested attributes weren't handled by the VNOP,
         * use our fallback code.
         */
        if (!VATTR_ALL_SUPPORTED(vap) && *vpp) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("     CREATE - doing fallback with ACL %p", vap->va_acl);
                error = vnode_setattr_fallback(*vpp, vap, ctx);
        }
#if CONFIG_MACF
error:
#endif
        if ((error != 0 ) && (vp != (vnode_t)0)) {
                *vpp = (vnode_t) 0;
                vnode_put(vp);
        }

out:
        /*
         * If the caller supplied a filesec in vap, it has been replaced
         * now by the post-inheritance copy.  We need to put the original back
         * and free the inherited product.
         */
        if (initial_acl) {
                VATTR_SET(vap, va_acl, oacl);
        } else {
                VATTR_CLEAR_ACTIVE(vap, va_acl);
        }
        if (nacl != NULL)
                kauth_acl_free(nacl);

        return(error);
}

static kauth_scope_t    vnode_scope;
static int      vnode_authorize_callback(kauth_cred_t credential, void *idata, kauth_action_t action,
    uintptr_t arg0, uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2, uintptr_t arg3);
static int      vnode_authorize_callback_int(__unused kauth_cred_t credential, __unused void *idata, kauth_action_t action,
    uintptr_t arg0, uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2, uintptr_t arg3);

typedef struct _vnode_authorize_context {
        vnode_t         vp;
        struct vnode_attr *vap;
        vnode_t         dvp;
        struct vnode_attr *dvap;
        vfs_context_t   ctx;
        int             flags;
        int             flags_valid;
#define _VAC_IS_OWNER           (1<<0)
#define _VAC_IN_GROUP           (1<<1)
#define _VAC_IS_DIR_OWNER       (1<<2)
#define _VAC_IN_DIR_GROUP       (1<<3)
} *vauth_ctx;

void
vnode_authorize_init(void)
{
        vnode_scope = kauth_register_scope(KAUTH_SCOPE_VNODE, vnode_authorize_callback, NULL);
}

/*
 * Authorize an operation on a vnode.
 *
 * This is KPI, but here because it needs vnode_scope.
 *
 * Returns:     0                       Success
 *      kauth_authorize_action:EPERM    ...
 *      xlate => EACCES                 Permission denied
 *      kauth_authorize_action:0        Success
 *      kauth_authorize_action:         Depends on callback return; this is
 *                                      usually only vnode_authorize_callback(),
 *                                      but may include other listerners, if any
 *                                      exist.
 *              EROFS
 *              EACCES
 *              EPERM
 *              ???
 */
int
vnode_authorize(vnode_t vp, vnode_t dvp, kauth_action_t action, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        int     error, result;

        /*
         * We can't authorize against a dead vnode; allow all operations through so that
         * the correct error can be returned.
         */
        if (vp->v_type == VBAD)
                return(0);
        
        error = 0;
        result = kauth_authorize_action(vnode_scope, vfs_context_ucred(ctx), action,
                   (uintptr_t)ctx, (uintptr_t)vp, (uintptr_t)dvp, (uintptr_t)&error);
        if (result == EPERM)            /* traditional behaviour */
                result = EACCES;
        /* did the lower layers give a better error return? */
        if ((result != 0) && (error != 0))
                return(error);
        return(result);
}

/*
 * Test for vnode immutability.
 *
 * The 'append' flag is set when the authorization request is constrained
 * to operations which only request the right to append to a file.
 *
 * The 'ignore' flag is set when an operation modifying the immutability flags
 * is being authorized.  We check the system securelevel to determine which
 * immutability flags we can ignore.
 */
static int
vnode_immutable(struct vnode_attr *vap, int append, int ignore)
{
        int     mask;

        /* start with all bits precluding the operation */
        mask = IMMUTABLE | APPEND;

        /* if appending only, remove the append-only bits */
        if (append)
                mask &= ~APPEND;

        /* ignore only set when authorizing flags changes */
        if (ignore) {
                if (securelevel <= 0) {
                        /* in insecure state, flags do not inhibit changes */
                        mask = 0;
                } else {
                        /* in secure state, user flags don't inhibit */
                        mask &= ~(UF_IMMUTABLE | UF_APPEND);
                }
        }
        KAUTH_DEBUG("IMMUTABLE - file flags 0x%x mask 0x%x append = %d ignore = %d", vap->va_flags, mask, append, ignore);
        if ((vap->va_flags & mask) != 0)
                return(EPERM);
        return(0);
}

static int
vauth_node_owner(struct vnode_attr *vap, kauth_cred_t cred)
{
        int result;

        /* default assumption is not-owner */
        result = 0;

        /*
         * If the filesystem has given us a UID, we treat this as authoritative.
         */
        if (vap && VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(vap, va_uid)) {
                result = (vap->va_uid == kauth_cred_getuid(cred)) ? 1 : 0;
        }
        /* we could test the owner UUID here if we had a policy for it */
        
        return(result);
}

/*
 * vauth_node_group
 *
 * Description: Ask if a cred is a member of the group owning the vnode object
 *
 * Parameters:          vap             vnode attribute
 *                              vap->va_gid     group owner of vnode object
 *                      cred            credential to check
 *                      ismember        pointer to where to put the answer
 *                      idontknow       Return this if we can't get an answer
 *
 * Returns:             0               Success
 *                      idontknow       Can't get information
 *      kauth_cred_ismember_gid:?       Error from kauth subsystem
 *      kauth_cred_ismember_gid:?       Error from kauth subsystem
 */
static int
vauth_node_group(struct vnode_attr *vap, kauth_cred_t cred, int *ismember, int idontknow)
{
        int     error;
        int     result;

        error = 0;
        result = 0;

        /*
         * The caller is expected to have asked the filesystem for a group
         * at some point prior to calling this function.  The answer may
         * have been that there is no group ownership supported for the
         * vnode object, in which case we return
         */
        if (vap && VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(vap, va_gid)) {
                error = kauth_cred_ismember_gid(cred, vap->va_gid, &result);
                /*
                 * Credentials which are opted into external group membership
                 * resolution which are not known to the external resolver
                 * will result in an ENOENT error.  We translate this into
                 * the appropriate 'idontknow' response for our caller.
                 *
                 * XXX We do not make a distinction here between an ENOENT
                 * XXX arising from a response from the external resolver,
                 * XXX and an ENOENT which is internally generated.  This is
                 * XXX a deficiency of the published kauth_cred_ismember_gid()
                 * XXX KPI which can not be overcome without new KPI.  For
                 * XXX all currently known cases, however, this wil result
                 * XXX in correct behaviour.
                 */
                if (error == ENOENT)
                        error = idontknow;
        }
        /*
         * XXX We could test the group UUID here if we had a policy for it,
         * XXX but this is problematic from the perspective of synchronizing
         * XXX group UUID and POSIX GID ownership of a file and keeping the
         * XXX values coherent over time.  The problem is that the local
         * XXX system will vend transient group UUIDs for unknown POSIX GID
         * XXX values, and these are not persistent, whereas storage of values
         * XXX is persistent.  One potential solution to this is a local
         * XXX (persistent) replica of remote directory entries and vended
         * XXX local ids in a local directory server (think in terms of a
         * XXX caching DNS server).
         */

        if (!error)
                *ismember = result;
        return(error);
}

static int
vauth_file_owner(vauth_ctx vcp)
{
        int result;

        if (vcp->flags_valid & _VAC_IS_OWNER) {
                result = (vcp->flags & _VAC_IS_OWNER) ? 1 : 0;
        } else {
                result = vauth_node_owner(vcp->vap, vcp->ctx->vc_ucred);

                /* cache our result */
                vcp->flags_valid |= _VAC_IS_OWNER;
                if (result) {
                        vcp->flags |= _VAC_IS_OWNER;
                } else {
                        vcp->flags &= ~_VAC_IS_OWNER;
                }
        }
        return(result);
}


/*
 * vauth_file_ingroup
 *
 * Description: Ask if a user is a member of the group owning the directory
 *
 * Parameters:          vcp             The vnode authorization context that
 *                                      contains the user and directory info
 *                              vcp->flags_valid        Valid flags
 *                              vcp->flags              Flags values
 *                              vcp->vap                File vnode attributes
 *                              vcp->ctx                VFS Context (for user)
 *                      ismember        pointer to where to put the answer
 *                      idontknow       Return this if we can't get an answer
 *
 * Returns:             0               Success
 *              vauth_node_group:?      Error from vauth_node_group()
 *
 * Implicit returns:    *ismember       0       The user is not a group member
 *                                      1       The user is a group member
 */
static int
vauth_file_ingroup(vauth_ctx vcp, int *ismember, int idontknow)
{
        int     error;

        /* Check for a cached answer first, to avoid the check if possible */
        if (vcp->flags_valid & _VAC_IN_GROUP) {
                *ismember = (vcp->flags & _VAC_IN_GROUP) ? 1 : 0;
                error = 0;
        } else {
                /* Otherwise, go look for it */
                error = vauth_node_group(vcp->vap, vcp->ctx->vc_ucred, ismember, idontknow);

                if (!error) {
                        /* cache our result */
                        vcp->flags_valid |= _VAC_IN_GROUP;
                        if (*ismember) {
                                vcp->flags |= _VAC_IN_GROUP;
                        } else {
                                vcp->flags &= ~_VAC_IN_GROUP;
                        }
                }
                
        }
        return(error);
}

static int
vauth_dir_owner(vauth_ctx vcp)
{
        int result;

        if (vcp->flags_valid & _VAC_IS_DIR_OWNER) {
                result = (vcp->flags & _VAC_IS_DIR_OWNER) ? 1 : 0;
        } else {
                result = vauth_node_owner(vcp->dvap, vcp->ctx->vc_ucred);

                /* cache our result */
                vcp->flags_valid |= _VAC_IS_DIR_OWNER;
                if (result) {
                        vcp->flags |= _VAC_IS_DIR_OWNER;
                } else {
                        vcp->flags &= ~_VAC_IS_DIR_OWNER;
                }
        }
        return(result);
}

/*
 * vauth_dir_ingroup
 *
 * Description: Ask if a user is a member of the group owning the directory
 *
 * Parameters:          vcp             The vnode authorization context that
 *                                      contains the user and directory info
 *                              vcp->flags_valid        Valid flags
 *                              vcp->flags              Flags values
 *                              vcp->dvap               Dir vnode attributes
 *                              vcp->ctx                VFS Context (for user)
 *                      ismember        pointer to where to put the answer
 *                      idontknow       Return this if we can't get an answer
 *
 * Returns:             0               Success
 *              vauth_node_group:?      Error from vauth_node_group()
 *
 * Implicit returns:    *ismember       0       The user is not a group member
 *                                      1       The user is a group member
 */
static int
vauth_dir_ingroup(vauth_ctx vcp, int *ismember, int idontknow)
{
        int     error;

        /* Check for a cached answer first, to avoid the check if possible */
        if (vcp->flags_valid & _VAC_IN_DIR_GROUP) {
                *ismember = (vcp->flags & _VAC_IN_DIR_GROUP) ? 1 : 0;
                error = 0;
        } else {
                /* Otherwise, go look for it */
                error = vauth_node_group(vcp->dvap, vcp->ctx->vc_ucred, ismember, idontknow);

                if (!error) {
                        /* cache our result */
                        vcp->flags_valid |= _VAC_IN_DIR_GROUP;
                        if (*ismember) {
                                vcp->flags |= _VAC_IN_DIR_GROUP;
                        } else {
                                vcp->flags &= ~_VAC_IN_DIR_GROUP;
                        }
                }
        }
        return(error);
}

/*
 * Test the posix permissions in (vap) to determine whether (credential)
 * may perform (action)
 */
static int
vnode_authorize_posix(vauth_ctx vcp, int action, int on_dir)
{
        struct vnode_attr *vap;
        int needed, error, owner_ok, group_ok, world_ok, ismember;
#ifdef KAUTH_DEBUG_ENABLE
        const char *where = "uninitialized";
# define _SETWHERE(c)   where = c;
#else
# define _SETWHERE(c)
#endif

        /* checking file or directory? */
        if (on_dir) {
                vap = vcp->dvap;
        } else {
                vap = vcp->vap;
        }
        
        error = 0;
        
        /*
         * We want to do as little work here as possible.  So first we check
         * which sets of permissions grant us the access we need, and avoid checking
         * whether specific permissions grant access when more generic ones would.
         */

        /* owner permissions */
        needed = 0;
        if (action & VREAD)
                needed |= S_IRUSR;
        if (action & VWRITE)
                needed |= S_IWUSR;
        if (action & VEXEC)
                needed |= S_IXUSR;
        owner_ok = (needed & vap->va_mode) == needed;

        /* group permissions */
        needed = 0;
        if (action & VREAD)
                needed |= S_IRGRP;
        if (action & VWRITE)
                needed |= S_IWGRP;
        if (action & VEXEC)
                needed |= S_IXGRP;
        group_ok = (needed & vap->va_mode) == needed;

        /* world permissions */
        needed = 0;
        if (action & VREAD)
                needed |= S_IROTH;
        if (action & VWRITE)
                needed |= S_IWOTH;
        if (action & VEXEC)
                needed |= S_IXOTH;
        world_ok = (needed & vap->va_mode) == needed;

        /* If granted/denied by all three, we're done */
        if (owner_ok && group_ok && world_ok) {
                _SETWHERE("all");
                goto out;
        }
        if (!owner_ok && !group_ok && !world_ok) {
                _SETWHERE("all");
                error = EACCES;
                goto out;
        }

        /* Check ownership (relatively cheap) */
        if ((on_dir && vauth_dir_owner(vcp)) ||
            (!on_dir && vauth_file_owner(vcp))) {
                _SETWHERE("user");
                if (!owner_ok)
                        error = EACCES;
                goto out;
        }

        /* Not owner; if group and world both grant it we're done */
        if (group_ok && world_ok) {
                _SETWHERE("group/world");
                goto out;
        }
        if (!group_ok && !world_ok) {
                _SETWHERE("group/world");
                error = EACCES;
                goto out;
        }

        /* Check group membership (most expensive) */
        ismember = 0;   /* Default to allow, if the target has no group owner */

        /*
         * In the case we can't get an answer about the user from the call to
         * vauth_dir_ingroup() or vauth_file_ingroup(), we want to fail on
         * the side of caution, rather than simply granting access, or we will
         * fail to correctly implement exclusion groups, so we set the third
         * parameter on the basis of the state of 'group_ok'.
         */
        if (on_dir) {
                error = vauth_dir_ingroup(vcp, &ismember, (!group_ok ? EACCES : 0));
        } else {
                error = vauth_file_ingroup(vcp, &ismember, (!group_ok ? EACCES : 0));
        }
        if (error)
                goto out;
        if (ismember) {
                _SETWHERE("group");
                if (!group_ok)
                        error = EACCES;
                goto out;
        }

        /* Not owner, not in group, use world result */
        _SETWHERE("world");
        if (!world_ok)
                error = EACCES;

        /* FALLTHROUGH */

out:
        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    %s - posix %s permissions : need %s%s%s %x have %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s UID = %d file = %d,%d",
            vcp->vp, (error == 0) ? "ALLOWED" : "DENIED", where,
            (action & VREAD)  ? "r" : "-",
            (action & VWRITE) ? "w" : "-",
            (action & VEXEC)  ? "x" : "-",
            needed,
            (vap->va_mode & S_IRUSR) ? "r" : "-",
            (vap->va_mode & S_IWUSR) ? "w" : "-",
            (vap->va_mode & S_IXUSR) ? "x" : "-",
            (vap->va_mode & S_IRGRP) ? "r" : "-",
            (vap->va_mode & S_IWGRP) ? "w" : "-",
            (vap->va_mode & S_IXGRP) ? "x" : "-",
            (vap->va_mode & S_IROTH) ? "r" : "-",
            (vap->va_mode & S_IWOTH) ? "w" : "-",
            (vap->va_mode & S_IXOTH) ? "x" : "-",
            kauth_cred_getuid(vcp->ctx->vc_ucred),
            on_dir ? vcp->dvap->va_uid : vcp->vap->va_uid,
            on_dir ? vcp->dvap->va_gid : vcp->vap->va_gid);
        return(error);
}

/*
 * Authorize the deletion of the node vp from the directory dvp.
 *
 * We assume that:
 * - Neither the node nor the directory are immutable.
 * - The user is not the superuser.
 *
 * Deletion is not permitted if the directory is sticky and the caller is
 * not owner of the node or directory.
 *
 * If either the node grants DELETE, or the directory grants DELETE_CHILD,
 * the node may be deleted.  If neither denies the permission, and the
 * caller has Posix write access to the directory, then the node may be
 * deleted.
 *
 * As an optimization, we cache whether or not delete child is permitted
 * on directories without the sticky bit set.
 */
int
vnode_authorize_delete(vauth_ctx vcp, boolean_t cached_delete_child);
/*static*/ int
vnode_authorize_delete(vauth_ctx vcp, boolean_t cached_delete_child)
{
        struct vnode_attr       *vap = vcp->vap;
        struct vnode_attr       *dvap = vcp->dvap;
        kauth_cred_t            cred = vcp->ctx->vc_ucred;
        struct kauth_acl_eval   eval;
        int                     error, delete_denied, delete_child_denied, ismember;

        /* check the ACL on the directory */
        delete_child_denied = 0;
        if (!cached_delete_child && VATTR_IS_NOT(dvap, va_acl, NULL)) {
                errno_t posix_error;

                eval.ae_requested = KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE_CHILD;
                eval.ae_acl = &dvap->va_acl->acl_ace[0];
                eval.ae_count = dvap->va_acl->acl_entrycount;
                eval.ae_options = 0;
                if (vauth_dir_owner(vcp))
                        eval.ae_options |= KAUTH_AEVAL_IS_OWNER;
                /*
                 * We use ENOENT as a marker to indicate we could not get
                 * information in order to delay evaluation until after we
                 * have the ACL evaluation answer.  Previously, we would
                 * always deny the operation at this point.
                 */
                if ((posix_error = vauth_dir_ingroup(vcp, &ismember, ENOENT)) != 0 && posix_error != ENOENT)
                        return(posix_error);
                if (ismember)
                        eval.ae_options |= KAUTH_AEVAL_IN_GROUP;
                eval.ae_exp_gall = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_ALL_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gread = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_READ_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gwrite = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_WRITE_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gexec = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_EXECUTE_BITS;

                /*
                 * If there is no entry, we are going to defer to other
                 * authorization mechanisms.
                 */
                error = kauth_acl_evaluate(cred, &eval);

                if (error != 0) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ERROR during ACL processing - %d", vcp->vp, error);
                        return(error);
                }
                switch(eval.ae_result) {
                case KAUTH_RESULT_DENY:
                        delete_child_denied = 1;
                        break;
                case KAUTH_RESULT_ALLOW:
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - granted by directory ACL", vcp->vp);
                        return(0);
                case KAUTH_RESULT_DEFER:
                        /*
                         * If we don't have a POSIX answer of "yes", and we
                         * can't get an ACL answer, then we deny it now.
                         */
                        if (posix_error == ENOENT) {
                                delete_child_denied = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                default:
                        /* Effectively the same as !delete_child_denied */
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DEFERRED - directory ACL", vcp->vp);
                        break;
                }
        }

        /* check the ACL on the node */
        delete_denied = 0;
        if (VATTR_IS_NOT(vap, va_acl, NULL)) {
                errno_t posix_error;

                eval.ae_requested = KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE;
                eval.ae_acl = &vap->va_acl->acl_ace[0];
                eval.ae_count = vap->va_acl->acl_entrycount;
                eval.ae_options = 0;
                if (vauth_file_owner(vcp))
                        eval.ae_options |= KAUTH_AEVAL_IS_OWNER;
                /*
                 * We use ENOENT as a marker to indicate we could not get
                 * information in order to delay evaluation until after we
                 * have the ACL evaluation answer.  Previously, we would
                 * always deny the operation at this point.
                 */
                if ((posix_error = vauth_file_ingroup(vcp, &ismember, ENOENT)) != 0 && posix_error != ENOENT)
                        return(posix_error);
                if (ismember)
                        eval.ae_options |= KAUTH_AEVAL_IN_GROUP;
                eval.ae_exp_gall = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_ALL_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gread = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_READ_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gwrite = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_WRITE_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gexec = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_EXECUTE_BITS;

                if ((error = kauth_acl_evaluate(cred, &eval)) != 0) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ERROR during ACL processing - %d", vcp->vp, error);
                        return(error);
                }

                switch(eval.ae_result) {
                case KAUTH_RESULT_DENY:
                        delete_denied = 1;
                        break;
                case KAUTH_RESULT_ALLOW:
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - granted by file ACL", vcp->vp);
                        return(0);
                case KAUTH_RESULT_DEFER:
                        /*
                         * If we don't have a POSIX answer of "yes", and we
                         * can't get an ACL answer, then we deny it now.
                         */
                        if (posix_error == ENOENT) {
                                delete_denied = 1;
                        }
                default:
                        /* Effectively the same as !delete_child_denied */
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DEFERRED%s - by file ACL", vcp->vp, delete_denied ? "(DENY)" : "");
                        break;
                }
        }

        /* if denied by ACL on directory or node, return denial */
        if (delete_denied || delete_child_denied) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - denied by ACL", vcp->vp);
                return(EACCES);
        }

        /*
         * enforce sticky bit behaviour; the cached_delete_child property will
         * be false and the dvap contents valis for sticky bit directories;
         * this makes us check the directory each time, but it's unavoidable,
         * as sticky bit is an exception to caching.
         */
        if (!cached_delete_child && (dvap->va_mode & S_ISTXT) && !vauth_file_owner(vcp) && !vauth_dir_owner(vcp)) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - sticky bit rules (user %d  file %d  dir %d)",
                    vcp->vp, cred->cr_uid, vap->va_uid, dvap->va_uid);
                return(EACCES);
        }

        /* check the directory */
        if (!cached_delete_child && (error = vnode_authorize_posix(vcp, VWRITE, 1 /* on_dir */)) != 0) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - granted by posix permisssions", vcp->vp);
                return(error);
        }

        /* not denied, must be OK */
        return(0);
}
        

/*
 * Authorize an operation based on the node's attributes.
 */
static int
vnode_authorize_simple(vauth_ctx vcp, kauth_ace_rights_t acl_rights, kauth_ace_rights_t preauth_rights, boolean_t *found_deny)
{
        struct vnode_attr       *vap = vcp->vap;
        kauth_cred_t            cred = vcp->ctx->vc_ucred;
        struct kauth_acl_eval   eval;
        int                     error, ismember;
        mode_t                  posix_action;

        /*
         * If we are the file owner, we automatically have some rights.
         *
         * Do we need to expand this to support group ownership?
         */
        if (vauth_file_owner(vcp))
                acl_rights &= ~(KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY);

        /*
         * If we are checking both TAKE_OWNERSHIP and WRITE_SECURITY, we can
         * mask the latter.  If TAKE_OWNERSHIP is requested the caller is about to
         * change ownership to themselves, and WRITE_SECURITY is implicitly
         * granted to the owner.  We need to do this because at this point
         * WRITE_SECURITY may not be granted as the caller is not currently
         * the owner.
         */
        if ((acl_rights & KAUTH_VNODE_TAKE_OWNERSHIP) &&
            (acl_rights & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY))
                acl_rights &= ~KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY;
        
        if (acl_rights == 0) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - implicit or no rights required", vcp->vp);
                return(0);
        }

        /* if we have an ACL, evaluate it */
        if (VATTR_IS_NOT(vap, va_acl, NULL)) {
                errno_t posix_error;

                eval.ae_requested = acl_rights;
                eval.ae_acl = &vap->va_acl->acl_ace[0];
                eval.ae_count = vap->va_acl->acl_entrycount;
                eval.ae_options = 0;
                if (vauth_file_owner(vcp))
                        eval.ae_options |= KAUTH_AEVAL_IS_OWNER;
                /*
                 * We use ENOENT as a marker to indicate we could not get
                 * information in order to delay evaluation until after we
                 * have the ACL evaluation answer.  Previously, we would
                 * always deny the operation at this point.
                 */
                if ((posix_error = vauth_file_ingroup(vcp, &ismember, ENOENT)) != 0 && posix_error != ENOENT)
                        return(posix_error);
                if (ismember)
                        eval.ae_options |= KAUTH_AEVAL_IN_GROUP;
                eval.ae_exp_gall = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_ALL_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gread = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_READ_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gwrite = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_WRITE_BITS;
                eval.ae_exp_gexec = KAUTH_VNODE_GENERIC_EXECUTE_BITS;
                
                if ((error = kauth_acl_evaluate(cred, &eval)) != 0) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ERROR during ACL processing - %d", vcp->vp, error);
                        return(error);
                }
                
                switch(eval.ae_result) {
                case KAUTH_RESULT_DENY:
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - by ACL", vcp->vp);
                        return(EACCES);         /* deny, deny, counter-allege */
                case KAUTH_RESULT_ALLOW:
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - all rights granted by ACL", vcp->vp);
                        return(0);
                case KAUTH_RESULT_DEFER:
                        /*
                         * If we don't have a POSIX answer of "yes", and we
                         * can't get an ACL answer, then we deny it now.
                         */
                        if (posix_error == ENOENT) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED(DEFERRED) - by ACL", vcp->vp);
                                return(EACCES);         /* deny, deny, counter-allege */
                        }
                default:
                        /* Effectively the same as !delete_child_denied */
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DEFERRED - directory ACL", vcp->vp);
                        break;
                }

                *found_deny = eval.ae_found_deny;

                /* fall through and evaluate residual rights */
        } else {
                /* no ACL, everything is residual */
                eval.ae_residual = acl_rights;
        }

        /*
         * Grant residual rights that have been pre-authorized.
         */
        eval.ae_residual &= ~preauth_rights;

        /*
         * We grant WRITE_ATTRIBUTES to the owner if it hasn't been denied.
         */
        if (vauth_file_owner(vcp))
                eval.ae_residual &= ~KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES;
        
        if (eval.ae_residual == 0) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - rights already authorized", vcp->vp);
                return(0);
        }               
        
        /*
         * Bail if we have residual rights that can't be granted by posix permissions,
         * or aren't presumed granted at this point.
         *
         * XXX these can be collapsed for performance
         */
        if (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_CHANGE_OWNER) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - CHANGE_OWNER not permitted", vcp->vp);
                return(EACCES);
        }
        if (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - WRITE_SECURITY not permitted", vcp->vp);
                return(EACCES);
        }

#if DIAGNOSTIC
        if (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE)
                panic("vnode_authorize: can't be checking delete permission here");
#endif

        /*
         * Compute the fallback posix permissions that will satisfy the remaining
         * rights.
         */
        posix_action = 0;
        if (eval.ae_residual & (KAUTH_VNODE_READ_DATA |
                KAUTH_VNODE_LIST_DIRECTORY |
                KAUTH_VNODE_READ_EXTATTRIBUTES))
                posix_action |= VREAD;
        if (eval.ae_residual & (KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA |
                KAUTH_VNODE_ADD_FILE |
                KAUTH_VNODE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY |
                KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE_CHILD |
                KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES |
                KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES))
                posix_action |= VWRITE;
        if (eval.ae_residual & (KAUTH_VNODE_EXECUTE |
                KAUTH_VNODE_SEARCH))
                posix_action |= VEXEC;
        
        if (posix_action != 0) {
                return(vnode_authorize_posix(vcp, posix_action, 0 /* !on_dir */));
        } else {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - residual rights %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s granted due to no posix mapping",
                    vcp->vp,
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_DATA)
                    ? vnode_isdir(vcp->vp) ? " LIST_DIRECTORY" : " READ_DATA" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA)
                    ? vnode_isdir(vcp->vp) ? " ADD_FILE" : " WRITE_DATA" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_EXECUTE)
                    ? vnode_isdir(vcp->vp) ? " SEARCH" : " EXECUTE" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE)
                    ? " DELETE" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_APPEND_DATA)
                    ? vnode_isdir(vcp->vp) ? " ADD_SUBDIRECTORY" : " APPEND_DATA" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE_CHILD)
                    ? " DELETE_CHILD" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_ATTRIBUTES)
                    ? " READ_ATTRIBUTES" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES)
                    ? " WRITE_ATTRIBUTES" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_EXTATTRIBUTES)
                    ? " READ_EXTATTRIBUTES" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES)
                    ? " WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_SECURITY)
                    ? " READ_SECURITY" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY)
                    ? " WRITE_SECURITY" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_CHECKIMMUTABLE)
                    ? " CHECKIMMUTABLE" : "",
                    (eval.ae_residual & KAUTH_VNODE_CHANGE_OWNER)
                    ? " CHANGE_OWNER" : "");
        }

        /*
         * Lack of required Posix permissions implies no reason to deny access.
         */
        return(0);
}

/*
 * Check for file immutability.
 */
static int
vnode_authorize_checkimmutable(vnode_t vp, struct vnode_attr *vap, int rights, int ignore)
{
        mount_t mp;
        int error;
        int append;

        /*
         * Perform immutability checks for operations that change data.
         *
         * Sockets, fifos and devices require special handling.
         */
        switch(vp->v_type) {
        case VSOCK:
        case VFIFO:
        case VBLK:
        case VCHR:
                /*
                 * Writing to these nodes does not change the filesystem data,
                 * so forget that it's being tried.
                 */
                rights &= ~KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA;
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }

        error = 0;
        if (rights & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_RIGHTS) {
                
                /* check per-filesystem options if possible */
                mp = vp->v_mount;
                if (mp != NULL) {
        
                        /* check for no-EA filesystems */
                        if ((rights & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES) &&
                            (vfs_flags(mp) & MNT_NOUSERXATTR)) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - filesystem disallowed extended attributes", vp);
                                error = EACCES;  /* User attributes disabled */
                                goto out;
                        }
                }

                /* 
                 * check for file immutability. first, check if the requested rights are 
                 * allowable for a UF_APPEND file.
                 */
                append = 0;
                if (vp->v_type == VDIR) {
                        if ((rights & (KAUTH_VNODE_ADD_FILE | KAUTH_VNODE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY | KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES)) == rights)
                                append = 1;
                } else {
                        if ((rights & (KAUTH_VNODE_APPEND_DATA | KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES)) == rights)
                                append = 1;
                }
                if ((error = vnode_immutable(vap, append, ignore)) != 0) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - file is immutable", vp);
                        goto out;
                }
        }
out:
        return(error);
}

/*
 * Handle authorization actions for filesystems that advertise that the
 * server will be enforcing.
 *
 * Returns:     0                       Authorization should be handled locally
 *              1                       Authorization was handled by the FS
 *
 * Note:        Imputed returns will only occur if the authorization request
 *              was handled by the FS.
 *
 * Imputed:     *resultp, modified      Return code from FS when the request is
 *                                      handled by the FS.
 *              VNOP_ACCESS:???
 *              VNOP_OPEN:???
 */
static int
vnode_authorize_opaque(vnode_t vp, int *resultp, kauth_action_t action, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        int     error;

        /*
         * If the vp is a device node, socket or FIFO it actually represents a local
         * endpoint, so we need to handle it locally.
         */
        switch(vp->v_type) {
        case VBLK:
        case VCHR:
        case VSOCK:
        case VFIFO:
                return(0);
        default:
                break;
        }

        /*
         * In the advisory request case, if the filesystem doesn't think it's reliable
         * we will attempt to formulate a result ourselves based on VNOP_GETATTR data.
         */
        if ((action & KAUTH_VNODE_ACCESS) && !vfs_authopaqueaccess(vp->v_mount))
                return(0);

        /*
         * Let the filesystem have a say in the matter.  It's OK for it to not implemnent
         * VNOP_ACCESS, as most will authorise inline with the actual request.
         */
        if ((error = VNOP_ACCESS(vp, action, ctx)) != ENOTSUP) {
                *resultp = error;
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - opaque filesystem VNOP_ACCESS denied access", vp);
                return(1);
        }
        
        /*
         * Typically opaque filesystems do authorisation in-line, but exec is a special case.  In
         * order to be reasonably sure that exec will be permitted, we try a bit harder here.
         */
        if ((action & KAUTH_VNODE_EXECUTE) && (vp->v_type == VREG)) {
                /* try a VNOP_OPEN for readonly access */
                if ((error = VNOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, ctx)) != 0) {
                        *resultp = error;
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - EXECUTE denied because file could not be opened readonly", vp);
                        return(1);
                }
                VNOP_CLOSE(vp, FREAD, ctx);
        }

        /*
         * We don't have any reason to believe that the request has to be denied at this point,
         * so go ahead and allow it.
         */
        *resultp = 0;
        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - bypassing access check for non-local filesystem", vp);
        return(1);
}




/*
 * Returns:     KAUTH_RESULT_ALLOW
 *              KAUTH_RESULT_DENY
 *
 * Imputed:     *arg3, modified         Error code in the deny case
 *              EROFS                   Read-only file system
 *              EACCES                  Permission denied
 *              EPERM                   Operation not permitted [no execute]
 *      vnode_getattr:ENOMEM            Not enough space [only if has filesec]
 *      vnode_getattr:???
 *      vnode_authorize_opaque:*arg2    ???
 *      vnode_authorize_checkimmutable:???
 *      vnode_authorize_delete:???
 *      vnode_authorize_simple:???
 */


static int
vnode_authorize_callback(kauth_cred_t cred, void *idata, kauth_action_t action,
                         uintptr_t arg0, uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2, uintptr_t arg3)
{
        vfs_context_t   ctx;
        vnode_t         cvp = NULLVP;
        vnode_t         vp, dvp;
        int             result = KAUTH_RESULT_DENY;
        int             parent_iocount = 0;
        int             parent_action; /* In case we need to use namedstream's data fork for cached rights*/

        ctx = (vfs_context_t)arg0;
        vp = (vnode_t)arg1;
        dvp = (vnode_t)arg2;

        /*
         * if there are 2 vnodes passed in, we don't know at
         * this point which rights to look at based on the 
         * combined action being passed in... defer until later...
         * otherwise check the kauth 'rights' cache hung
         * off of the vnode we're interested in... if we've already
         * been granted the right we're currently interested in,
         * we can just return success... otherwise we'll go through
         * the process of authorizing the requested right(s)... if that
         * succeeds, we'll add the right(s) to the cache.
         * VNOP_SETATTR and VNOP_SETXATTR will invalidate this cache
         */
        if (dvp && vp)
                goto defer;
        if (dvp) {
                cvp = dvp;
        } else {
                /* 
                 * For named streams on local-authorization volumes, rights are cached on the parent;
                 * authorization is determined by looking at the parent's properties anyway, so storing
                 * on the parent means that we don't recompute for the named stream and that if 
                 * we need to flush rights (e.g. on VNOP_SETATTR()) we don't need to track down the
                 * stream to flush its cache separately.  If we miss in the cache, then we authorize
                 * as if there were no cached rights (passing the named stream vnode and desired rights to 
                 * vnode_authorize_callback_int()).
                 *
                 * On an opaquely authorized volume, we don't know the relationship between the 
                 * data fork's properties and the rights granted on a stream.  Thus, named stream vnodes
                 * on such a volume are authorized directly (rather than using the parent) and have their
                 * own caches.  When a named stream vnode is created, we mark the parent as having a named
                 * stream. On a VNOP_SETATTR() for the parent that may invalidate cached authorization, we 
                 * find the stream and flush its cache.
                 */
                if (vnode_isnamedstream(vp) && (!vfs_authopaque(vp->v_mount))) {
                        cvp = vp->v_parent;
                        if ((cvp != NULLVP) && (vnode_getwithref(cvp) == 0)) {
                                parent_iocount = 1;
                        } else {
                                cvp = NULL;
                                goto defer; /* If we can't use the parent, take the slow path */
                        }

                        /* Have to translate some actions */
                        parent_action = action;
                        if (parent_action & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_DATA) {
                                parent_action &= ~KAUTH_VNODE_READ_DATA;
                                parent_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_READ_EXTATTRIBUTES;
                        }
                        if (parent_action & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA) {
                                parent_action &= ~KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA;
                                parent_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES;
                        }

                } else {
                        cvp = vp;
                }
        }

        if (vnode_cache_is_authorized(cvp, ctx, parent_iocount ? parent_action : action) == TRUE) {
                result = KAUTH_RESULT_ALLOW;
                goto out;
        }
defer:
        result = vnode_authorize_callback_int(cred, idata, action, arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3);

        if (result == KAUTH_RESULT_ALLOW && cvp != NULLVP)
                vnode_cache_authorized_action(cvp, ctx, action);

out:
        if (parent_iocount) {
                vnode_put(cvp);
        }

        return result;
}


static int
vnode_authorize_callback_int(__unused kauth_cred_t unused_cred, __unused void *idata, kauth_action_t action,
    uintptr_t arg0, uintptr_t arg1, uintptr_t arg2, uintptr_t arg3)
{
        struct _vnode_authorize_context auth_context;
        vauth_ctx               vcp;
        vfs_context_t           ctx;
        vnode_t                 vp, dvp;
        kauth_cred_t            cred;
        kauth_ace_rights_t      rights;
        struct vnode_attr       va, dva;
        int                     result;
        int                     *errorp;
        int                     noimmutable;
        boolean_t               parent_authorized_for_delete_child = FALSE;
        boolean_t               found_deny = FALSE;
        boolean_t               parent_ref= FALSE;

        vcp = &auth_context;
        ctx = vcp->ctx = (vfs_context_t)arg0;
        vp = vcp->vp = (vnode_t)arg1;
        dvp = vcp->dvp = (vnode_t)arg2;
        errorp = (int *)arg3;
        /*
         * Note that we authorize against the context, not the passed cred
         * (the same thing anyway)
         */
        cred = ctx->vc_ucred;

        VATTR_INIT(&va);
        vcp->vap = &va;
        VATTR_INIT(&dva);
        vcp->dvap = &dva;

        vcp->flags = vcp->flags_valid = 0;

#if DIAGNOSTIC
        if ((ctx == NULL) || (vp == NULL) || (cred == NULL))
                panic("vnode_authorize: bad arguments (context %p  vp %p  cred %p)", ctx, vp, cred);
#endif

        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p  AUTH - %s %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s on %s '%s' (0x%x:%p/%p)",
            vp, vfs_context_proc(ctx)->p_comm,
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_ACCESS)               ? "access" : "auth",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_DATA)            ? vnode_isdir(vp) ? " LIST_DIRECTORY" : " READ_DATA" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA)           ? vnode_isdir(vp) ? " ADD_FILE" : " WRITE_DATA" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_EXECUTE)              ? vnode_isdir(vp) ? " SEARCH" : " EXECUTE" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE)               ? " DELETE" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_APPEND_DATA)          ? vnode_isdir(vp) ? " ADD_SUBDIRECTORY" : " APPEND_DATA" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE_CHILD)         ? " DELETE_CHILD" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_ATTRIBUTES)      ? " READ_ATTRIBUTES" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES)     ? " WRITE_ATTRIBUTES" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_EXTATTRIBUTES)   ? " READ_EXTATTRIBUTES" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES)  ? " WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_SECURITY)        ? " READ_SECURITY" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY)       ? " WRITE_SECURITY" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_CHANGE_OWNER)         ? " CHANGE_OWNER" : "",
            (action & KAUTH_VNODE_NOIMMUTABLE)          ? " (noimmutable)" : "",
            vnode_isdir(vp) ? "directory" : "file",
            vp->v_name ? vp->v_name : "<NULL>", action, vp, dvp);

        /*
         * Extract the control bits from the action, everything else is
         * requested rights.
         */
        noimmutable = (action & KAUTH_VNODE_NOIMMUTABLE) ? 1 : 0;
        rights = action & ~(KAUTH_VNODE_ACCESS | KAUTH_VNODE_NOIMMUTABLE);
 
        if (rights & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE) {
#if DIAGNOSTIC
                if (dvp == NULL)
                        panic("vnode_authorize: KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE test requires a directory");
#endif
                /*
                 * check to see if we've already authorized the parent
                 * directory for deletion of its children... if so, we
                 * can skip a whole bunch of work... we will still have to
                 * authorize that this specific child can be removed
                 */
                if (vnode_cache_is_authorized(dvp, ctx, KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE_CHILD) == TRUE)
                        parent_authorized_for_delete_child = TRUE;
        } else {
                dvp = NULL;
        }
        
        /*
         * Check for read-only filesystems.
         */
        if ((rights & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_RIGHTS) &&
            (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY) &&
            ((vp->v_type == VREG) || (vp->v_type == VDIR) || 
             (vp->v_type == VLNK) || (vp->v_type == VCPLX) || 
             (rights & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE) || (rights & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE_CHILD))) {
                result = EROFS;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Check for noexec filesystems.
         */
        if ((rights & KAUTH_VNODE_EXECUTE) && (vp->v_type == VREG) && (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC)) {
                result = EACCES;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Handle cases related to filesystems with non-local enforcement.
         * This call can return 0, in which case we will fall through to perform a
         * check based on VNOP_GETATTR data.  Otherwise it returns 1 and sets
         * an appropriate result, at which point we can return immediately.
         */
        if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_kern_flag & MNTK_AUTH_OPAQUE) && vnode_authorize_opaque(vp, &result, action, ctx))
                goto out;

        /*
         * Get vnode attributes and extended security information for the vnode
         * and directory if required.
         */
        VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_mode);
        VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_uid);
        VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_gid);
        VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_flags);
        VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_acl);
        if ((result = vnode_getattr(vp, &va, ctx)) != 0) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ERROR - failed to get vnode attributes - %d", vp, result);
                goto out;
        }
        if (dvp && parent_authorized_for_delete_child == FALSE) {
                VATTR_WANTED(&dva, va_mode);
                VATTR_WANTED(&dva, va_uid);
                VATTR_WANTED(&dva, va_gid);
                VATTR_WANTED(&dva, va_flags);
                VATTR_WANTED(&dva, va_acl);
                if ((result = vnode_getattr(dvp, &dva, ctx)) != 0) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ERROR - failed to get directory vnode attributes - %d", vp, result);
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        /*
         * If the vnode is an extended attribute data vnode (eg. a resource fork), *_DATA becomes
         * *_EXTATTRIBUTES.
         */
        if (vnode_isnamedstream(vp)) {
                if (rights & KAUTH_VNODE_READ_DATA) {
                        rights &= ~KAUTH_VNODE_READ_DATA;
                        rights |= KAUTH_VNODE_READ_EXTATTRIBUTES;
                }
                if (rights & KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA) {
                        rights &= ~KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA;
                        rights |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_EXTATTRIBUTES;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Point 'vp' to the resource fork's parent for ACL checking
         */
        if (vnode_isnamedstream(vp) &&
            (vp->v_parent != NULL) &&
            (vget_internal(vp->v_parent, 0, VNODE_NODEAD) == 0)) {
                parent_ref = TRUE;
                vcp->vp = vp = vp->v_parent;
                if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, va_acl) && (va.va_acl != NULL))
                        kauth_acl_free(va.va_acl);
                VATTR_INIT(&va);
                VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_mode);
                VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_uid);
                VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_gid);
                VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_flags);
                VATTR_WANTED(&va, va_acl);
                if ((result = vnode_getattr(vp, &va, ctx)) != 0)
                        goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Check for immutability.
         *
         * In the deletion case, parent directory immutability vetoes specific
         * file rights.
         */
        if ((result = vnode_authorize_checkimmutable(vp, &va, rights, noimmutable)) != 0)
                goto out;
        if ((rights & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE) &&
            parent_authorized_for_delete_child == FALSE &&
            ((result = vnode_authorize_checkimmutable(dvp, &dva, KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE_CHILD, 0)) != 0))
                goto out;

        /*
         * Clear rights that have been authorized by reaching this point, bail if nothing left to
         * check.
         */
        rights &= ~(KAUTH_VNODE_LINKTARGET | KAUTH_VNODE_CHECKIMMUTABLE);
        if (rights == 0)
                goto out;

        /*
         * If we're not the superuser, authorize based on file properties;
         * note that even if parent_authorized_for_delete_child is TRUE, we
         * need to check on the node itself.
         */
        if (!vfs_context_issuser(ctx)) {
                /* process delete rights */
                if ((rights & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE) &&
                    ((result = vnode_authorize_delete(vcp, parent_authorized_for_delete_child)) != 0))
                    goto out;

                /* process remaining rights */
                if ((rights & ~KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE) &&
                    (result = vnode_authorize_simple(vcp, rights, rights & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE, &found_deny)) != 0)
                        goto out;
        } else {

                /*
                 * Execute is only granted to root if one of the x bits is set.  This check only
                 * makes sense if the posix mode bits are actually supported.
                 */
                if ((rights & KAUTH_VNODE_EXECUTE) &&
                    (vp->v_type == VREG) &&
                    VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, va_mode) &&
                    !(va.va_mode & (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))) {
                        result = EPERM;
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - root execute requires at least one x bit in 0x%x", vp, va.va_mode);
                        goto out;
                }
                
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - caller is superuser", vp);
        }
out:
        if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, va_acl) && (va.va_acl != NULL))
                kauth_acl_free(va.va_acl);
        if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&dva, va_acl) && (dva.va_acl != NULL))
                kauth_acl_free(dva.va_acl);

        if (result) {
                if (parent_ref)
                        vnode_put(vp);
                *errorp = result;
                KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    DENIED - auth denied", vp);
                return(KAUTH_RESULT_DENY);
        }
        if ((rights & KAUTH_VNODE_SEARCH) && found_deny == FALSE && vp->v_type == VDIR) {
                /*
                 * if we were successfully granted the right to search this directory
                 * and there were NO ACL DENYs for search and the posix permissions also don't
                 * deny execute, we can synthesize a global right that allows anyone to 
                 * traverse this directory during a pathname lookup without having to
                 * match the credential associated with this cache of rights.
                 */
                if (!VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&va, va_mode) ||
                    ((va.va_mode & (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)) ==
                     (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))) {
                        vnode_cache_authorized_action(vp, ctx, KAUTH_VNODE_SEARCHBYANYONE);
                }
        }
        if ((rights & KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE) && parent_authorized_for_delete_child == FALSE) {
                /*
                 * parent was successfully and newly authorized for content deletions
                 * add it to the cache, but only if it doesn't have the sticky
                 * bit set on it.  This same  check is done earlier guarding
                 * fetching of dva, and if we jumped to out without having done
                 * this, we will have returned already because of a non-zero
                 * 'result' value.
                 */
                if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&dva, va_mode) &&
                    !(dva.va_mode & (S_ISVTX))) {
                        /* OK to cache delete rights */
                        vnode_cache_authorized_action(dvp, ctx, KAUTH_VNODE_DELETE_CHILD);
                }
        }
        if (parent_ref)
                vnode_put(vp);
        /*
         * Note that this implies that we will allow requests for no rights, as well as
         * for rights that we do not recognise.  There should be none of these.
         */
        KAUTH_DEBUG("%p    ALLOWED - auth granted", vp);
        return(KAUTH_RESULT_ALLOW);
}

/*
 * Check that the attribute information in vattr can be legally applied to
 * a new file by the context.
 */
int
vnode_authattr_new(vnode_t dvp, struct vnode_attr *vap, int noauth, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        int             error;
        int             has_priv_suser, ismember, defaulted_owner, defaulted_group, defaulted_mode;
        kauth_cred_t    cred;
        guid_t          changer;
        mount_t         dmp;

        error = 0;
        defaulted_owner = defaulted_group = defaulted_mode = 0;

        /*
         * Require that the filesystem support extended security to apply any.
         */
        if (!vfs_extendedsecurity(dvp->v_mount) &&
            (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_acl) || VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_uuuid) || VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_guuid))) {
                error = EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }
        
        /*
         * Default some fields.
         */
        dmp = dvp->v_mount;

        /*
         * If the filesystem is mounted IGNORE_OWNERSHIP and an explicit owner is set, that
         * owner takes ownership of all new files.
         */
        if ((dmp->mnt_flag & MNT_IGNORE_OWNERSHIP) && (dmp->mnt_fsowner != KAUTH_UID_NONE)) {
                VATTR_SET(vap, va_uid, dmp->mnt_fsowner);
                defaulted_owner = 1;
        } else {
                if (!VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_uid)) {
                        /* default owner is current user */
                        VATTR_SET(vap, va_uid, kauth_cred_getuid(vfs_context_ucred(ctx)));
                        defaulted_owner = 1;
                }
        }

        /*
         * If the filesystem is mounted IGNORE_OWNERSHIP and an explicit grouo is set, that
         * group takes ownership of all new files.
         */
        if ((dmp->mnt_flag & MNT_IGNORE_OWNERSHIP) && (dmp->mnt_fsgroup != KAUTH_GID_NONE)) {
                VATTR_SET(vap, va_gid, dmp->mnt_fsgroup);
                defaulted_group = 1;
        } else {
                if (!VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_gid)) {
                        /* default group comes from parent object, fallback to current user */
                        struct vnode_attr dva;
                        VATTR_INIT(&dva);
                        VATTR_WANTED(&dva, va_gid);
                        if ((error = vnode_getattr(dvp, &dva, ctx)) != 0)
                                goto out;
                        if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&dva, va_gid)) {
                                VATTR_SET(vap, va_gid, dva.va_gid);
                        } else {
                                VATTR_SET(vap, va_gid, kauth_cred_getgid(vfs_context_ucred(ctx)));
                        }
                        defaulted_group = 1;
                }
        }

        if (!VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_flags))
                VATTR_SET(vap, va_flags, 0);
        
        /* default mode is everything, masked with current umask */
        if (!VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_mode)) {
                VATTR_SET(vap, va_mode, ACCESSPERMS & ~vfs_context_proc(ctx)->p_fd->fd_cmask);
                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - defaulting new file mode to %o from umask %o", vap->va_mode, vfs_context_proc(ctx)->p_fd->fd_cmask);
                defaulted_mode = 1;
        }
        /* set timestamps to now */
        if (!VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_create_time)) {
                nanotime(&vap->va_create_time);
                VATTR_SET_ACTIVE(vap, va_create_time);
        }
        
        /*
         * Check for attempts to set nonsensical fields.
         */
        if (vap->va_active & ~VNODE_ATTR_NEWOBJ) {
                error = EINVAL;
                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR - attempt to set unsupported new-file attributes %llx",
                    vap->va_active & ~VNODE_ATTR_NEWOBJ);
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Quickly check for the applicability of any enforcement here.
         * Tests below maintain the integrity of the local security model.
         */
        if (vfs_authopaque(dvp->v_mount))
            goto out;

        /*
         * We need to know if the caller is the superuser, or if the work is
         * otherwise already authorised.
         */
        cred = vfs_context_ucred(ctx);
        if (noauth) {
                /* doing work for the kernel */
                has_priv_suser = 1;
        } else {
                has_priv_suser = vfs_context_issuser(ctx);
        }


        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_flags)) {
                if (has_priv_suser) {
                        if ((vap->va_flags & (UF_SETTABLE | SF_SETTABLE)) != vap->va_flags) {
                                error = EPERM;
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - superuser attempt to set illegal flag(s)");
                                goto out;
                        }
                } else {
                        if ((vap->va_flags & UF_SETTABLE) != vap->va_flags) {
                                error = EPERM;
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - user attempt to set illegal flag(s)");
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
        }

        /* if not superuser, validate legality of new-item attributes */
        if (!has_priv_suser) {
                if (!defaulted_mode && VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_mode)) {
                        /* setgid? */
                        if (vap->va_mode & S_ISGID) {
                                if ((error = kauth_cred_ismember_gid(cred, vap->va_gid, &ismember)) != 0) {
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: got %d checking for membership in %d", error, vap->va_gid);
                                        goto out;
                                }
                                if (!ismember) {
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - can't set SGID bit, not a member of %d", vap->va_gid);
                                        error = EPERM;
                                        goto out;
                                }
                        }

                        /* setuid? */
                        if ((vap->va_mode & S_ISUID) && (vap->va_uid != kauth_cred_getuid(cred))) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: illegal attempt to set the setuid bit");
                                error = EPERM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
                if (!defaulted_owner && (vap->va_uid != kauth_cred_getuid(cred))) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - cannot create new item owned by %d", vap->va_uid);
                        error = EPERM;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (!defaulted_group) {
                        if ((error = kauth_cred_ismember_gid(cred, vap->va_gid, &ismember)) != 0) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - got %d checking for membership in %d", error, vap->va_gid);
                                goto out;
                        }
                        if (!ismember) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - cannot create new item with group %d - not a member", vap->va_gid);
                                error = EPERM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }

                /* initialising owner/group UUID */
                if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_uuuid)) {
                        if ((error = kauth_cred_getguid(cred, &changer)) != 0) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - got %d trying to get caller UUID", error);
                                /* XXX ENOENT here - no GUID - should perhaps become EPERM */
                                goto out;
                        }
                        if (!kauth_guid_equal(&vap->va_uuuid, &changer)) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - cannot create item with supplied owner UUID - not us");
                                error = EPERM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
                if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_guuid)) {
                        if ((error = kauth_cred_ismember_guid(cred, &vap->va_guuid, &ismember)) != 0) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - got %d trying to check group membership", error);
                                goto out;
                        }
                        if (!ismember) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - cannot create item with supplied group UUID - not a member");
                                error = EPERM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
        }
out:    
        return(error);
}

/*
 * Check that the attribute information in vap can be legally written by the
 * context.
 *
 * Call this when you're not sure about the vnode_attr; either its contents
 * have come from an unknown source, or when they are variable.
 *
 * Returns errno, or zero and sets *actionp to the KAUTH_VNODE_* actions that
 * must be authorized to be permitted to write the vattr.
 */
int
vnode_authattr(vnode_t vp, struct vnode_attr *vap, kauth_action_t *actionp, vfs_context_t ctx)
{
        struct vnode_attr ova;
        kauth_action_t  required_action;
        int             error, has_priv_suser, ismember, chowner, chgroup, clear_suid, clear_sgid;
        guid_t          changer;
        gid_t           group;
        uid_t           owner;
        mode_t          newmode;
        kauth_cred_t    cred;
        uint32_t        fdelta;

        VATTR_INIT(&ova);
        required_action = 0;
        error = 0;

        /*
         * Quickly check for enforcement applicability.
         */
        if (vfs_authopaque(vp->v_mount))
                goto out;
        
        /*
         * Check for attempts to set nonsensical fields.
         */
        if (vap->va_active & VNODE_ATTR_RDONLY) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: attempt to set readonly attribute(s)");
                error = EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * We need to know if the caller is the superuser.
         */
        cred = vfs_context_ucred(ctx);
        has_priv_suser = kauth_cred_issuser(cred);
        
        /*
         * If any of the following are changing, we need information from the old file:
         * va_uid
         * va_gid
         * va_mode
         * va_uuuid
         * va_guuid
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_uid) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_gid) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_mode) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_uuuid) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_guuid)) {
                VATTR_WANTED(&ova, va_mode);
                VATTR_WANTED(&ova, va_uid);
                VATTR_WANTED(&ova, va_gid);
                VATTR_WANTED(&ova, va_uuuid);
                VATTR_WANTED(&ova, va_guuid);
                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - security information changing, fetching existing attributes");
        }

        /*
         * If timestamps are being changed, we need to know who the file is owned
         * by.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_create_time) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_change_time) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_modify_time) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_access_time) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_backup_time)) {

                VATTR_WANTED(&ova, va_uid);
#if 0   /* enable this when we support UUIDs as official owners */
                VATTR_WANTED(&ova, va_uuuid);
#endif
                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - timestamps changing, fetching uid and GUID");
        }
                
        /*
         * If flags are being changed, we need the old flags.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_flags)) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - flags changing, fetching old flags");
                VATTR_WANTED(&ova, va_flags);
        }

        /*
         * If the size is being set, make sure it's not a directory.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_data_size)) {
                /* size is meaningless on a directory, don't permit this */
                if (vnode_isdir(vp)) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: size change requested on a directory");
                        error = EISDIR;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Get old data.
         */
        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - fetching old attributes %016llx", ova.va_active);
        if ((error = vnode_getattr(vp, &ova, ctx)) != 0) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - got %d trying to get attributes", error);
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Size changes require write access to the file data.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_data_size)) {
                /* if we can't get the size, or it's different, we need write access */
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - size change, requiring WRITE_DATA");
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_DATA;
        }

        /*
         * Changing timestamps?
         *
         * Note that we are only called to authorize user-requested time changes;
         * side-effect time changes are not authorized.  Authorisation is only
         * required for existing files.
         *
         * Non-owners are not permitted to change the time on an existing
         * file to anything other than the current time.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_create_time) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_change_time) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_modify_time) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_access_time) ||
            VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_backup_time)) {
                /*
                 * The owner and root may set any timestamps they like,
                 * provided that the file is not immutable.  The owner still needs
                 * WRITE_ATTRIBUTES (implied by ownership but still deniable).
                 */
                if (has_priv_suser || vauth_node_owner(&ova, cred)) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - root or owner changing timestamps");
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_CHECKIMMUTABLE | KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES;
                } else {
                        /* just setting the current time? */
                        if (vap->va_vaflags & VA_UTIMES_NULL) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - non-root/owner changing timestamps, requiring WRITE_ATTRIBUTES");
                                required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES;
                        } else {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: illegal timestamp modification attempted");
                                error = EACCES;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
        }

        /*
         * Changing file mode?
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_mode) && VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_mode) && (ova.va_mode != vap->va_mode)) {
                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - mode change from %06o to %06o", ova.va_mode, vap->va_mode);

                /*
                 * Mode changes always have the same basic auth requirements.
                 */
                if (has_priv_suser) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - superuser mode change, requiring immutability check");
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_CHECKIMMUTABLE;
                } else {
                        /* need WRITE_SECURITY */
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - non-superuser mode change, requiring WRITE_SECURITY");
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY;
                }

                /*
                 * Can't set the setgid bit if you're not in the group and not root.  Have to have
                 * existing group information in the case we're not setting it right now.
                 */
                if (vap->va_mode & S_ISGID) {
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_CHECKIMMUTABLE;  /* always required */
                        if (!has_priv_suser) {
                                if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_gid)) {
                                        group = vap->va_gid;
                                } else if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_gid)) {
                                        group = ova.va_gid;
                                } else {
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: setgid but no gid available");
                                        error = EINVAL;
                                        goto out;
                                }
                                /*
                                 * This might be too restrictive; WRITE_SECURITY might be implied by
                                 * membership in this case, rather than being an additional requirement.
                                 */
                                if ((error = kauth_cred_ismember_gid(cred, group, &ismember)) != 0) {
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: got %d checking for membership in %d", error, vap->va_gid);
                                        goto out;
                                }
                                if (!ismember) {
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - can't set SGID bit, not a member of %d", group);
                                        error = EPERM;
                                        goto out;
                                }
                        }
                }

                /*
                 * Can't set the setuid bit unless you're root or the file's owner.
                 */
                if (vap->va_mode & S_ISUID) {
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_CHECKIMMUTABLE;  /* always required */
                        if (!has_priv_suser) {
                                if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_uid)) {
                                        owner = vap->va_uid;
                                } else if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_uid)) {
                                        owner = ova.va_uid;
                                } else {
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: setuid but no uid available");
                                        error = EINVAL;
                                        goto out;
                                }
                                if (owner != kauth_cred_getuid(cred)) {
                                        /*
                                         * We could allow this if WRITE_SECURITY is permitted, perhaps.
                                         */
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ERROR: illegal attempt to set the setuid bit");
                                        error = EPERM;
                                        goto out;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
            
        /*
         * Validate/mask flags changes.  This checks that only the flags in
         * the UF_SETTABLE mask are being set, and preserves the flags in
         * the SF_SETTABLE case.
         *
         * Since flags changes may be made in conjunction with other changes,
         * we will ask the auth code to ignore immutability in the case that
         * the SF_* flags are not set and we are only manipulating the file flags.
         * 
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_flags)) {
                /* compute changing flags bits */
                if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_flags)) {
                        fdelta = vap->va_flags ^ ova.va_flags;
                } else {
                        fdelta = vap->va_flags;
                }

                if (fdelta != 0) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - flags changing, requiring WRITE_SECURITY");
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY;

                        /* check that changing bits are legal */
                        if (has_priv_suser) {
                                /*
                                 * The immutability check will prevent us from clearing the SF_*
                                 * flags unless the system securelevel permits it, so just check
                                 * for legal flags here.
                                 */
                                if (fdelta & ~(UF_SETTABLE | SF_SETTABLE)) {
                                        error = EPERM;
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - superuser attempt to set illegal flag(s)");
                                        goto out;
                                }
                        } else {
                                if (fdelta & ~UF_SETTABLE) {
                                        error = EPERM;
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - user attempt to set illegal flag(s)");
                                        goto out;
                                }
                        }
                        /*
                         * If the caller has the ability to manipulate file flags,
                         * security is not reduced by ignoring them for this operation.
                         *
                         * A more complete test here would consider the 'after' states of the flags
                         * to determine whether it would permit the operation, but this becomes
                         * very complex.
                         *
                         * Ignoring immutability is conditional on securelevel; this does not bypass
                         * the SF_* flags if securelevel > 0.
                         */
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_NOIMMUTABLE;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Validate ownership information.
         */
        chowner = 0;
        chgroup = 0;
        clear_suid = 0;
        clear_sgid = 0;

        /*
         * uid changing
         * Note that if the filesystem didn't give us a UID, we expect that it doesn't
         * support them in general, and will ignore it if/when we try to set it.
         * We might want to clear the uid out of vap completely here.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_uid)) {
                if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_uid) && (vap->va_uid != ova.va_uid)) {
                if (!has_priv_suser && (kauth_cred_getuid(cred) != vap->va_uid)) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - non-superuser cannot change ownershipt to a third party");
                        error = EPERM;
                        goto out;
                }
                chowner = 1;
        }
                clear_suid = 1;
        }
        
        /*
         * gid changing
         * Note that if the filesystem didn't give us a GID, we expect that it doesn't
         * support them in general, and will ignore it if/when we try to set it.
         * We might want to clear the gid out of vap completely here.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_gid)) {
                if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_gid) && (vap->va_gid != ova.va_gid)) {
                if (!has_priv_suser) {
                        if ((error = kauth_cred_ismember_gid(cred, vap->va_gid, &ismember)) != 0) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - got %d checking for membership in %d", error, vap->va_gid);
                                goto out;
                        }
                        if (!ismember) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  DENIED - group change from %d to %d but not a member of target group",
                                    ova.va_gid, vap->va_gid);
                                error = EPERM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
                chgroup = 1;
        }
                clear_sgid = 1;
        }

        /*
         * Owner UUID being set or changed.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_uuuid)) {
                /* if the owner UUID is not actually changing ... */
                if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_uuuid)) {
                        if (kauth_guid_equal(&vap->va_uuuid, &ova.va_uuuid))
                                goto no_uuuid_change;
                        
                        /*
                         * If the current owner UUID is a null GUID, check
                         * it against the UUID corresponding to the owner UID.
                         */
                        if (kauth_guid_equal(&ova.va_uuuid, &kauth_null_guid) &&
                            VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_uid)) {
                                guid_t uid_guid;

                                if (kauth_cred_uid2guid(ova.va_uid, &uid_guid) == 0 &&
                                    kauth_guid_equal(&vap->va_uuuid, &uid_guid))
                                        goto no_uuuid_change;
                        }
                }
                
                /*
                 * The owner UUID cannot be set by a non-superuser to anything other than
                 * their own or a null GUID (to "unset" the owner UUID).
                 * Note that file systems must be prepared to handle the
                 * null UUID case in a manner appropriate for that file
                 * system.
                 */
                if (!has_priv_suser) {
                        if ((error = kauth_cred_getguid(cred, &changer)) != 0) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - got %d trying to get caller UUID", error);
                                /* XXX ENOENT here - no UUID - should perhaps become EPERM */
                                goto out;
                        }
                        if (!kauth_guid_equal(&vap->va_uuuid, &changer) &&
                            !kauth_guid_equal(&vap->va_uuuid, &kauth_null_guid)) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - cannot set supplied owner UUID - not us / null");
                                error = EPERM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
                chowner = 1;
                clear_suid = 1;
        }
no_uuuid_change:
        /*
         * Group UUID being set or changed.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_guuid)) {
                /* if the group UUID is not actually changing ... */
                if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_guuid)) {
                        if (kauth_guid_equal(&vap->va_guuid, &ova.va_guuid))
                                goto no_guuid_change;

                        /*
                         * If the current group UUID is a null UUID, check
                         * it against the UUID corresponding to the group GID.
                         */
                        if (kauth_guid_equal(&ova.va_guuid, &kauth_null_guid) &&
                            VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_gid)) {
                                guid_t gid_guid;

                                if (kauth_cred_gid2guid(ova.va_gid, &gid_guid) == 0 &&
                                    kauth_guid_equal(&vap->va_guuid, &gid_guid))
                                        goto no_guuid_change;
                        }
                }

                /*
                 * The group UUID cannot be set by a non-superuser to anything other than
                 * one of which they are a member or a null GUID (to "unset"
                 * the group UUID).
                 * Note that file systems must be prepared to handle the
                 * null UUID case in a manner appropriate for that file
                 * system.
                 */
                if (!has_priv_suser) {
                        if (kauth_guid_equal(&vap->va_guuid, &kauth_null_guid))
                                ismember = 1;
                        else if ((error = kauth_cred_ismember_guid(cred, &vap->va_guuid, &ismember)) != 0) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - got %d trying to check group membership", error);
                                goto out;
                        }
                        if (!ismember) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("  ERROR - cannot set supplied group UUID - not a member / null");
                                error = EPERM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
                chgroup = 1;
        }
no_guuid_change:

        /*
         * Compute authorisation for group/ownership changes.
         */
        if (chowner || chgroup || clear_suid || clear_sgid) {
                if (has_priv_suser) {
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - superuser changing file owner/group, requiring immutability check");
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_CHECKIMMUTABLE;
                } else {
                        if (chowner) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - ownership change, requiring TAKE_OWNERSHIP");
                                required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_TAKE_OWNERSHIP;
                        }
                        if (chgroup && !chowner) {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("ATTR - group change, requiring WRITE_SECURITY");
                                required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY;
                        }
                        
                        /* clear set-uid and set-gid bits as required by Posix */
                        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_mode)) {
                                newmode = vap->va_mode;
                        } else if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_mode)) {
                                newmode = ova.va_mode;
                        } else {
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("CHOWN - trying to change owner but cannot get mode from filesystem to mask setugid bits");
                                newmode = 0;
                        }
                        if (newmode & (S_ISUID | S_ISGID)) {
                                VATTR_SET(vap, va_mode, newmode & ~(S_ISUID | S_ISGID));
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("CHOWN - masking setugid bits from mode %o to %o", newmode, vap->va_mode);
                        }
                }
        }

        /*
         * Authorise changes in the ACL.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_acl)) {

                /* no existing ACL */
                if (!VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(&ova, va_acl) || (ova.va_acl == NULL)) {

                        /* adding an ACL */
                        if (vap->va_acl != NULL) {
                                required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY;
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("CHMOD - adding ACL");
                        }

                        /* removing an existing ACL */
                } else if (vap->va_acl == NULL) {
                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY;
                        KAUTH_DEBUG("CHMOD - removing ACL");

                        /* updating an existing ACL */
                } else {
                        if (vap->va_acl->acl_entrycount != ova.va_acl->acl_entrycount) {
                                /* entry count changed, must be different */
                                required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY;
                                KAUTH_DEBUG("CHMOD - adding/removing ACL entries");
                        } else if (vap->va_acl->acl_entrycount > 0) {
                                /* both ACLs have the same ACE count, said count is 1 or more, bitwise compare ACLs */
                                if (!memcmp(&vap->va_acl->acl_ace[0], &ova.va_acl->acl_ace[0],
                                        sizeof(struct kauth_ace) * vap->va_acl->acl_entrycount)) {
                                        required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_SECURITY;
                                        KAUTH_DEBUG("CHMOD - changing ACL entries");
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        /*
         * Other attributes that require authorisation.
         */
        if (VATTR_IS_ACTIVE(vap, va_encoding))
                required_action |= KAUTH_VNODE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES;
        
out:
        if (VATTR_IS_SUPPORTED(&ova, va_acl) && (ova.va_acl != NULL))
                kauth_acl_free(ova.va_acl);
        if (error == 0)
                *actionp = required_action;
        return(error);
}


void
vfs_setlocklocal(mount_t mp)
{
        vnode_t vp;
        
        mount_lock(mp);
        mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_LOCK_LOCAL;

        /*
         * We do not expect anyone to be using any vnodes at the
         * time this routine is called. So no need for vnode locking 
         */
        TAILQ_FOREACH(vp, &mp->mnt_vnodelist, v_mntvnodes) {
                        vp->v_flag |= VLOCKLOCAL;
        }
        TAILQ_FOREACH(vp, &mp->mnt_workerqueue, v_mntvnodes) {
                        vp->v_flag |= VLOCKLOCAL;
        }
        TAILQ_FOREACH(vp, &mp->mnt_newvnodes, v_mntvnodes) {
                        vp->v_flag |= VLOCKLOCAL;
        }
        mount_unlock(mp);
}

void
vfs_setunmountpreflight(mount_t mp)
{
        mount_lock_spin(mp);
        mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_UNMOUNT_PREFLIGHT;
        mount_unlock(mp);
}

void
vn_setunionwait(vnode_t vp)
{
        vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        vp->v_flag |= VISUNION;
        vnode_unlock(vp);
}


void
vn_checkunionwait(vnode_t vp)
{
        vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        while ((vp->v_flag & VISUNION) == VISUNION)
                msleep((caddr_t)&vp->v_flag, &vp->v_lock, 0, 0, 0);
        vnode_unlock(vp);
}

void
vn_clearunionwait(vnode_t vp, int locked)
{
        if (!locked)
                vnode_lock_spin(vp);
        if((vp->v_flag & VISUNION) == VISUNION) {
                vp->v_flag &= ~VISUNION;
                wakeup((caddr_t)&vp->v_flag);
        }
        if (!locked)
                vnode_unlock(vp);
}

/*
 * XXX - get "don't trigger mounts" flag for thread; used by autofs.
 */
extern int thread_notrigger(void);

int
thread_notrigger(void)
{
        struct uthread *uth = (struct uthread *)get_bsdthread_info(current_thread());
        return (uth->uu_notrigger);
}

/* 
 * Removes orphaned apple double files during a rmdir
 * Works by:
 * 1. vnode_suspend().
 * 2. Call VNOP_READDIR() till the end of directory is reached.  
 * 3. Check if the directory entries returned are regular files with name starting with "._".  If not, return ENOTEMPTY.  
 * 4. Continue (2) and (3) till end of directory is reached.
 * 5. If all the entries in the directory were files with "._" name, delete all the files.
 * 6. vnode_resume()
 * 7. If deletion of all files succeeded, call VNOP_RMDIR() again.
 */

errno_t rmdir_remove_orphaned_appleDouble(vnode_t vp , vfs_context_t ctx, int * restart_flag) 
{

#define UIO_BUFF_SIZE 2048
        uio_t auio = NULL;
        int eofflag, siz = UIO_BUFF_SIZE, nentries = 0;
        int open_flag = 0, full_erase_flag = 0;
        char uio_buf[ UIO_SIZEOF(1) ];
        char *rbuf = NULL, *cpos, *cend;
        struct nameidata nd_temp;
        struct dirent *dp;
        errno_t error;

        error = vnode_suspend(vp);

        /*
         * restart_flag is set so that the calling rmdir sleeps and resets
         */
        if (error == EBUSY)
                *restart_flag = 1;
        if (error != 0)
                goto outsc;

        /*
         * set up UIO
         */
        MALLOC(rbuf, caddr_t, siz, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        if (rbuf)
                auio = uio_createwithbuffer(1, 0, UIO_SYSSPACE, UIO_READ,
                                &uio_buf[0], sizeof(uio_buf));
        if (!rbuf || !auio) {
                error = ENOMEM;
                goto outsc;
        }

        uio_setoffset(auio,0);

        eofflag = 0;

        if ((error = VNOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, ctx))) 
                goto outsc;     
        else
                open_flag = 1;

        /*
         * First pass checks if all files are appleDouble files.
         */

        do {
                siz = UIO_BUFF_SIZE;
                uio_reset(auio, uio_offset(auio), UIO_SYSSPACE, UIO_READ);
                uio_addiov(auio, CAST_USER_ADDR_T(rbuf), UIO_BUFF_SIZE);

                if((error = VNOP_READDIR(vp, auio, 0, &eofflag, &nentries, ctx)))
                        goto outsc;

                if (uio_resid(auio) != 0) 
                        siz -= uio_resid(auio);

                /*
                 * Iterate through directory
                 */
                cpos = rbuf;
                cend = rbuf + siz;
                dp = (struct dirent*) cpos;

                if (cpos == cend)
                        eofflag = 1;

                while ((cpos < cend)) {
                        /*
                         * Check for . and .. as well as directories
                         */
                        if (dp->d_ino != 0 && 
                                        !((dp->d_namlen == 1 && dp->d_name[0] == '.') ||
                                            (dp->d_namlen == 2 && dp->d_name[0] == '.' && dp->d_name[1] == '.'))) {
                                /*
                                 * Check for irregular files and ._ files
                                 * If there is a ._._ file abort the op
                                 */
                                if ( dp->d_namlen < 2 ||
                                                strncmp(dp->d_name,"._",2) ||
                                                (dp->d_namlen >= 4 && !strncmp(&(dp->d_name[2]), "._",2))) {
                                        error = ENOTEMPTY;
                                        goto outsc;
                                }
                        }
                        cpos += dp->d_reclen;
                        dp = (struct dirent*)cpos;
                }
                
                /*
                 * workaround for HFS/NFS setting eofflag before end of file 
                 */
                if (vp->v_tag == VT_HFS && nentries > 2)
                        eofflag=0;

                if (vp->v_tag == VT_NFS) {
                        if (eofflag && !full_erase_flag) {
                                full_erase_flag = 1;
                                eofflag = 0;
                                uio_reset(auio, 0, UIO_SYSSPACE, UIO_READ);
                        }
                        else if (!eofflag && full_erase_flag)
                                full_erase_flag = 0;
                }

        } while (!eofflag);
        /*
         * If we've made it here all the files in the dir are ._ files.
         * We can delete the files even though the node is suspended
         * because we are the owner of the file.
         */

        uio_reset(auio, 0, UIO_SYSSPACE, UIO_READ);
        eofflag = 0;
        full_erase_flag = 0;

        do {
                siz = UIO_BUFF_SIZE;
                uio_reset(auio, uio_offset(auio), UIO_SYSSPACE, UIO_READ);
                uio_addiov(auio, CAST_USER_ADDR_T(rbuf), UIO_BUFF_SIZE);

                error = VNOP_READDIR(vp, auio, 0, &eofflag, &nentries, ctx);

                if (error != 0) 
                        goto outsc;

                if (uio_resid(auio) != 0) 
                        siz -= uio_resid(auio);

                /*
                 * Iterate through directory
                 */
                cpos = rbuf;
                cend = rbuf + siz;
                dp = (struct dirent*) cpos;
                
                if (cpos == cend)
                        eofflag = 1;
        
                while ((cpos < cend)) {
                        /*
                         * Check for . and .. as well as directories
                         */
                        if (dp->d_ino != 0 && 
                                        !((dp->d_namlen == 1 && dp->d_name[0] == '.') ||
                                            (dp->d_namlen == 2 && dp->d_name[0] == '.' && dp->d_name[1] == '.'))
                                          ) {

                                NDINIT(&nd_temp, DELETE, USEDVP, UIO_SYSSPACE, CAST_USER_ADDR_T(dp->d_name), ctx);
                                nd_temp.ni_dvp = vp;
                                error = unlink1(ctx, &nd_temp, 0);
                                if (error && error != ENOENT) {
                                        goto outsc;
                                }
                        }
                        cpos += dp->d_reclen;
                        dp = (struct dirent*)cpos;
                }
                
                /*
                 * workaround for HFS/NFS setting eofflag before end of file 
                 */
                if (vp->v_tag == VT_HFS && nentries > 2)
                        eofflag=0;

                if (vp->v_tag == VT_NFS) {
                        if (eofflag && !full_erase_flag) {
                                full_erase_flag = 1;
                                eofflag = 0;
                                uio_reset(auio, 0, UIO_SYSSPACE, UIO_READ);
                        }
                        else if (!eofflag && full_erase_flag)
                                full_erase_flag = 0;
                }

        } while (!eofflag);


        error = 0;

outsc:
        if (open_flag)
                VNOP_CLOSE(vp, FREAD, ctx);

        uio_free(auio);
        FREE(rbuf, M_TEMP);

        vnode_resume(vp);


        return(error);

}


void 
lock_vnode_and_post(vnode_t vp, int kevent_num) 
{
        /* Only take the lock if there's something there! */
        if (vp->v_knotes.slh_first != NULL) {
                vnode_lock(vp);
                KNOTE(&vp->v_knotes, kevent_num);
                vnode_unlock(vp);
        }
}

#ifdef JOE_DEBUG
static void record_vp(vnode_t vp, int count) {
        struct uthread *ut;
        int  i;

        if ((vp->v_flag & VSYSTEM))
                return;

        ut = get_bsdthread_info(current_thread());
        ut->uu_iocount += count;

        if (ut->uu_vpindex < 32) {
                for (i = 0; i < ut->uu_vpindex; i++) {
                        if (ut->uu_vps[i] == vp)
                                return;
                }
                ut->uu_vps[ut->uu_vpindex] = vp;
                ut->uu_vpindex++;
        }
}
#endif