osfmk/kern/startup.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2000-2010 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
   3  *
   4  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
   5  *
   6  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
   7  * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
   8  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
   9  * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
  10  * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
  11  * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
  12  * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
  13  * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
  14  *
  15  * Please obtain a copy of the License at
  16  * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
  17  *
  18  * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
  19  * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  20  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
  21  * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  22  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
  23  * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
  24  * limitations under the License.
  25  *
  26  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
  27  */
  28 /*
  29  * @OSF_COPYRIGHT@
  30  */
  31 /*
  32  * Mach Operating System
  33  * Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989,1988 Carnegie Mellon University
  34  * All Rights Reserved.
  35  *
  36  * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
  37  * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
  38  * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
  39  * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
  40  * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
  41  *
  42  * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
  43  * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
  44  * ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  45  *
  46  * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
  47  *
  48  *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
  49  *  School of Computer Science
  50  *  Carnegie Mellon University
  51  *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
  52  *
  53  * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
  54  * the rights to redistribute these changes.
  55  */
  56 /*
  57  * NOTICE: This file was modified by McAfee Research in 2004 to introduce
  58  * support for mandatory and extensible security protections.  This notice
  59  * is included in support of clause 2.2 (b) of the Apple Public License,
  60  * Version 2.0.
  61  */
  62 /*
  63  */
  64
  65 /*
  66  *      Mach kernel startup.
  67  */
  68
  69 #include <debug.h>
  70 #include <xpr_debug.h>
  71 #include <mach_kdp.h>
  72
  73 #include <mach/boolean.h>
  74 #include <mach/machine.h>
  75 #include <mach/thread_act.h>
  76 #include <mach/task_special_ports.h>
  77 #include <mach/vm_param.h>
  78 #include <ipc/ipc_init.h>
  79 #include <kern/assert.h>
  80 #include <kern/mach_param.h>
  81 #include <kern/misc_protos.h>
  82 #include <kern/clock.h>
  83 #include <kern/cpu_number.h>
  84 #include <kern/ledger.h>
  85 #include <kern/machine.h>
  86 #include <kern/processor.h>
  87 #include <kern/sched_prim.h>
  88 #include <kern/startup.h>
  89 #include <kern/task.h>
  90 #include <kern/thread.h>
  91 #include <kern/timer.h>
  92 #include <kern/wait_queue.h>
  93 #include <kern/xpr.h>
  94 #include <kern/zalloc.h>
  95 #include <kern/locks.h>
  96 #include <console/serial_protos.h>
  97 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
  98 #include <vm/vm_init.h>
  99 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
 100 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
 101 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
 102 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
 103 #include <vm/vm_shared_region.h>
 104 #include <machine/pmap.h>
 105 #include <machine/commpage.h>
 106 #include <libkern/version.h>
 107 #include <sys/kdebug.h>
 108
 109 #if MACH_KDP
 110 #include <kdp/kdp.h>
 111 #endif
 112
 113 #if CONFIG_MACF
 114 #include <security/mac_mach_internal.h>
 115 #endif
 116
 117 #if CONFIG_COUNTERS
 118 #include <pmc/pmc.h>
 119 #endif
 120
 121 #include <i386/pmCPU.h>
 122 static void             kernel_bootstrap_thread(void);
 123
 124 static void             load_context(
 125                                         thread_t        thread);
 126 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 127 extern void cpu_userwindow_init(int);
 128 extern void cpu_physwindow_init(int);
 129 #endif
 130
 131 // libkern/OSKextLib.cpp
 132 extern void     OSKextRemoveKextBootstrap(void);
 133
 134 void scale_setup(void);
 135 extern void bsd_scale_setup(int);
 136 extern unsigned int semaphore_max;
 137
 138 /*
 139  *      Running in virtual memory, on the interrupt stack.
 140  */
 141
 142 extern int serverperfmode;
 143
 144 /* size of kernel trace buffer, disabled by default */
 145 unsigned int new_nkdbufs = 0;
 146 unsigned int wake_nkdbufs = 0;
 147
 148 /* mach leak logging */
 149 int log_leaks = 0;
 150 int turn_on_log_leaks = 0;
 151
 152
 153 void
 154 kernel_early_bootstrap(void)
 155 {
 156
 157         lck_mod_init();
 158
 159         /*
 160          * Initialize the timer callout world
 161          */
 162         timer_call_initialize();
 163 }
 164
 165
 166 void
 167 kernel_bootstrap(void)
 168 {
 169         kern_return_t   result;
 170         thread_t        thread;
 171         char            namep[16];
 172
 173         printf("%s\n", version); /* log kernel version */
 174
 175 #define kernel_bootstrap_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("kernel_bootstrap: " x) */
 176
 177         if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-l", namep, sizeof (namep))) /* leaks logging */
 178                 turn_on_log_leaks = 1;
 179
 180         PE_parse_boot_argn("trace", &new_nkdbufs, sizeof (new_nkdbufs));
 181
 182         PE_parse_boot_argn("trace_wake", &wake_nkdbufs, sizeof (wake_nkdbufs));
 183
 184         /* i386_vm_init already checks for this ; do it aagin anyway */
 185         if (PE_parse_boot_argn("serverperfmode", &serverperfmode, sizeof (serverperfmode))) {
 186                 serverperfmode = 1;
 187         }
 188         scale_setup();
 189
 190         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling vm_mem_bootstrap\n");
 191         vm_mem_bootstrap();
 192
 193         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling vm_mem_init\n");
 194         vm_mem_init();
 195
 196         machine_info.memory_size = (uint32_t)mem_size;
 197         machine_info.max_mem = max_mem;
 198         machine_info.major_version = version_major;
 199         machine_info.minor_version = version_minor;
 200
 201         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling sched_init\n");
 202         sched_init();
 203
 204         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling wait_queue_bootstrap\n");
 205         wait_queue_bootstrap();
 206
 207         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling ipc_bootstrap\n");
 208         ipc_bootstrap();
 209
 210 #if CONFIG_MACF
 211         mac_policy_init();
 212 #endif
 213         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling ipc_init\n");
 214         ipc_init();
 215
 216         /*
 217          * As soon as the virtual memory system is up, we record
 218          * that this CPU is using the kernel pmap.
 219          */
 220         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL\n");
 221         PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL(master_cpu);
 222
 223         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling mapping_free_prime\n");
 224         mapping_free_prime();                                           /* Load up with temporary mapping blocks */
 225
 226         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling machine_init\n");
 227         machine_init();
 228
 229         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling clock_init\n");
 230         clock_init();
 231
 232         ledger_init();
 233
 234         /*
 235          *      Initialize the IPC, task, and thread subsystems.
 236          */
 237         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling task_init\n");
 238         task_init();
 239
 240         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling thread_init\n");
 241         thread_init();
 242
 243         /*
 244          *      Create a kernel thread to execute the kernel bootstrap.
 245          */
 246         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling kernel_thread_create\n");
 247         result = kernel_thread_create((thread_continue_t)kernel_bootstrap_thread, NULL, MAXPRI_KERNEL, &thread);
 248
 249         if (result != KERN_SUCCESS) panic("kernel_bootstrap: result = %08X\n", result);
 250
 251         thread->state = TH_RUN;
 252         thread_deallocate(thread);
 253
 254         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling load_context - done\n");
 255         load_context(thread);
 256         /*NOTREACHED*/
 257 }
 258
 259 int kth_started = 0;
 260
 261 vm_offset_t vm_kernel_addrperm;
 262
 263 /*
 264  * Now running in a thread.  Kick off other services,
 265  * invoke user bootstrap, enter pageout loop.
 266  */
 267 static void
 268 kernel_bootstrap_thread(void)
 269 {
 270         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 271
 272 #define kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("kernel_bootstrap_thread: " x) */
 273         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling idle_thread_create\n");
 274         /*
 275          * Create the idle processor thread.
 276          */
 277         idle_thread_create(processor);
 278
 279         /*
 280          * N.B. Do not stick anything else
 281          * before this point.
 282          *
 283          * Start up the scheduler services.
 284          */
 285         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling sched_startup\n");
 286         sched_startup();
 287
 288         /*
 289          * Thread lifecycle maintenance (teardown, stack allocation)
 290          */
 291         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling thread_daemon_init\n");
 292         thread_daemon_init();
 293
 294         /*
 295          * Thread callout service.
 296          */
 297         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling thread_call_initialize\n");
 298         thread_call_initialize();
 299
 300         /*
 301          * Remain on current processor as
 302          * additional processors come online.
 303          */
 304         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling thread_bind\n");
 305         thread_bind(processor);
 306
 307         /*
 308          * Kick off memory mapping adjustments.
 309          */
 310         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling mapping_adjust\n");
 311         mapping_adjust();
 312
 313         /*
 314          *      Create the clock service.
 315          */
 316         kernel_bootstrap_thread_kprintf("calling clock_service_create\n");
 317         clock_service_create();
 318
 319         /*
 320          *      Create the device service.
 321          */
 322         device_service_create();
 323
 324         kth_started = 1;
 325
 326 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 327         /*
 328          * Create and initialize the physical copy window for processor 0
 329          * This is required before starting kicking off  IOKit.
 330          */
 331         cpu_physwindow_init(0);
 332 #endif
 333
 334         vm_kernel_reserved_entry_init();
 335
 336 #if MACH_KDP
 337         kernel_bootstrap_kprintf("calling kdp_init\n");
 338         kdp_init();
 339 #endif
 340
 341 #if CONFIG_COUNTERS
 342         pmc_bootstrap();
 343 #endif
 344
 345 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
 346         if (turn_on_log_leaks && !new_nkdbufs)
 347                 new_nkdbufs = 200000;
 348         start_kern_tracing(new_nkdbufs, FALSE);
 349         if (turn_on_log_leaks)
 350                 log_leaks = 1;
 351 #endif
 352
 353 #ifdef  IOKIT
 354         PE_init_iokit();
 355 #endif
 356
 357         (void) spllo();         /* Allow interruptions */
 358
 359 #if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && NCOPY_WINDOWS > 0
 360         /*
 361          * Create and initialize the copy window for processor 0
 362          * This also allocates window space for all other processors.
 363          * However, this is dependent on the number of processors - so this call
 364          * must be after IOKit has been started because IOKit performs processor
 365          * discovery.
 366          */
 367         cpu_userwindow_init(0);
 368 #endif
 369
 370 #if (!defined(__i386__) && !defined(__x86_64__))
 371         if (turn_on_log_leaks && !new_nkdbufs)
 372                 new_nkdbufs = 200000;
 373         start_kern_tracing(new_nkdbufs, FALSE);
 374         if (turn_on_log_leaks)
 375                 log_leaks = 1;
 376 #endif
 377
 378         /*
 379          *      Initialize the shared region module.
 380          */
 381         vm_shared_region_init();
 382         vm_commpage_init();
 383         vm_commpage_text_init();
 384
 385 #if CONFIG_MACF
 386         mac_policy_initmach();
 387 #endif
 388
 389         /*
 390          * Initialize the global used for permuting kernel
 391          * addresses that may be exported to userland as tokens
 392          * using VM_KERNEL_ADDRPERM(). Force the random number
 393          * to be odd to avoid mapping a non-zero
 394          * word-aligned address to zero via addition.
 395          */
 396         vm_kernel_addrperm = (vm_offset_t)early_random() | 1;
 397
 398         /*
 399          *      Start the user bootstrap.
 400          */
 401 #ifdef  MACH_BSD
 402         bsd_init();
 403 #endif
 404
 405     /*
 406      * Get rid of segments used to bootstrap kext loading. This removes
 407      * the KLD, PRELINK symtab, LINKEDIT, and symtab segments/load commands.
 408      */
 409         OSKextRemoveKextBootstrap();
 410
 411         serial_keyboard_init();         /* Start serial keyboard if wanted */
 412
 413         vm_page_init_local_q();
 414
 415         thread_bind(PROCESSOR_NULL);
 416
 417         /*
 418          *      Become the pageout daemon.
 419          */
 420         vm_pageout();
 421         /*NOTREACHED*/
 422 }
 423
 424 /*
 425  *      slave_main:
 426  *
 427  *      Load the first thread to start a processor.
 428  */
 429 void
 430 slave_main(void *machine_param)
 431 {
 432         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 433         thread_t                thread;
 434
 435         /*
 436          *      Use the idle processor thread if there
 437          *      is no dedicated start up thread.
 438          */
 439         if (processor->next_thread == THREAD_NULL) {
 440                 thread = processor->idle_thread;
 441                 thread->continuation = (thread_continue_t)processor_start_thread;
 442                 thread->parameter = machine_param;
 443         }
 444         else {
 445                 thread = processor->next_thread;
 446                 processor->next_thread = THREAD_NULL;
 447         }
 448
 449         load_context(thread);
 450         /*NOTREACHED*/
 451 }
 452
 453 /*
 454  *      processor_start_thread:
 455  *
 456  *      First thread to execute on a started processor.
 457  *
 458  *      Called at splsched.
 459  */
 460 void
 461 processor_start_thread(void *machine_param)
 462 {
 463         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 464         thread_t                self = current_thread();
 465
 466         slave_machine_init(machine_param);
 467
 468         /*
 469          *      If running the idle processor thread,
 470          *      reenter the idle loop, else terminate.
 471          */
 472         if (self == processor->idle_thread)
 473                 thread_block((thread_continue_t)idle_thread);
 474
 475         thread_terminate(self);
 476         /*NOTREACHED*/
 477 }
 478
 479 /*
 480  *      load_context:
 481  *
 482  *      Start the first thread on a processor.
 483  */
 484 static void
 485 load_context(
 486         thread_t                thread)
 487 {
 488         processor_t             processor = current_processor();
 489
 490
 491 #define load_context_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("load_context: " x) */
 492
 493         load_context_kprintf("calling machine_set_current_thread\n");
 494         machine_set_current_thread(thread);
 495
 496         load_context_kprintf("calling processor_up\n");
 497         processor_up(processor);
 498
 499         PMAP_ACTIVATE_KERNEL(processor->cpu_id);
 500
 501         /*
 502          * Acquire a stack if none attached.  The panic
 503          * should never occur since the thread is expected
 504          * to have reserved stack.
 505          */
 506         load_context_kprintf("thread %p, stack %x, stackptr %x\n", thread,
 507                              thread->kernel_stack, thread->machine.kstackptr);
 508         if (!thread->kernel_stack) {
 509                 load_context_kprintf("calling stack_alloc_try\n");
 510                 if (!stack_alloc_try(thread))
 511                         panic("load_context");
 512         }
 513
 514         /*
 515          * The idle processor threads are not counted as
 516          * running for load calculations.
 517          */
 518         if (!(thread->state & TH_IDLE))
 519                 sched_run_incr();
 520
 521         processor->active_thread = thread;
 522         processor->current_pri = thread->sched_pri;
 523         processor->current_thmode = thread->sched_mode;
 524         processor->deadline = UINT64_MAX;
 525         thread->last_processor = processor;
 526
 527         processor->last_dispatch = mach_absolute_time();
 528         timer_start(&thread->system_timer, processor->last_dispatch);
 529         PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, thread_timer) = PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, kernel_timer) = &thread->system_timer;
 530
 531         timer_start(&PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, system_state), processor->last_dispatch);
 532         PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, current_state) = &PROCESSOR_DATA(processor, system_state);
 533
 534         PMAP_ACTIVATE_USER(thread, processor->cpu_id);
 535
 536         load_context_kprintf("calling machine_load_context\n");
 537         machine_load_context(thread);
 538         /*NOTREACHED*/
 539 }
 540
 541 void
 542 scale_setup()
 543 {
 544         int scale = 0;
 545 #if defined(__LP64__)
 546         typeof(task_max) task_max_base = task_max;
 547
 548         /* Raise limits for servers with >= 16G */
 549         if ((serverperfmode != 0) && ((uint64_t)sane_size >= (uint64_t)(16 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL))) {
 550                 scale = (int)((uint64_t)sane_size / (uint64_t)(8 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL));
 551                 /* limit to 128 G */
 552                 if (scale > 16)
 553                         scale = 16;
 554                 task_max_base = 2500;
 555         } else if ((uint64_t)sane_size >= (uint64_t)(3 * 1024 * 1024 *1024ULL))
 556                 scale = 2;
 557
 558         task_max = MAX(task_max, task_max_base * scale);
 559
 560         if (scale != 0) {
 561                 task_threadmax = task_max;
 562                 thread_max = task_max * 5;
 563         }
 564
 565 #endif
 566
 567         bsd_scale_setup(scale);
 568
 569         ipc_space_max = SPACE_MAX;
 570         ipc_port_max = PORT_MAX;
 571         ipc_pset_max = SET_MAX;
 572         semaphore_max = SEMAPHORE_MAX;
 573 }
 574