[apple/xnu.git] / osfmk / i386 / AT386 / model_dep.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2010 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 * 
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 * 
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 * 
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */
/*
 * @OSF_COPYRIGHT@
 */
/* 
 * Mach Operating System
 * Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989, 1988 Carnegie Mellon University
 * All Rights Reserved.
 * 
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
 * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 * 
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
 * ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 * 
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 * 
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 * 
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
 * the rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

/*
 */

/*
 *      File:   model_dep.c
 *      Author: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
 *
 *      Copyright (C) 1986, Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
 *
 *      Basic initialization for I386 - ISA bus machines.
 */

#include <platforms.h>
#include <mach_kdb.h>

#include <mach/i386/vm_param.h>

#include <string.h>
#include <mach/vm_param.h>
#include <mach/vm_prot.h>
#include <mach/machine.h>
#include <mach/time_value.h>
#include <kern/spl.h>
#include <kern/assert.h>
#include <kern/debug.h>
#include <kern/misc_protos.h>
#include <kern/startup.h>
#include <kern/clock.h>
#include <kern/cpu_data.h>
#include <kern/machine.h>
#include <i386/postcode.h>
#include <i386/mp_desc.h>
#include <i386/misc_protos.h>
#include <i386/thread.h>
#include <i386/trap.h>
#include <i386/machine_routines.h>
#include <i386/mp.h>            /* mp_rendezvous_break_lock */
#include <i386/cpuid.h>
#include <i386/fpu.h>
#include <i386/machine_cpu.h>
#include <i386/pmap.h>
#if CONFIG_MTRR
#include <i386/mtrr.h>
#endif
#include <i386/ucode.h>
#include <i386/pmCPU.h>
#include <architecture/i386/pio.h> /* inb() */
#include <pexpert/i386/boot.h>
#if     MACH_KDB
#include <ddb/db_aout.h>
#endif /* MACH_KDB */

#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>

#include <IOKit/IOPlatformExpert.h>
#include <IOKit/IOHibernatePrivate.h>

#include <pexpert/i386/efi.h>

#include <kern/thread.h>
#include <mach-o/loader.h>
#include <mach-o/nlist.h>

#include <libkern/kernel_mach_header.h>
#include <libkern/OSKextLibPrivate.h>

#if     DEBUG
#define DPRINTF(x...)   kprintf(x)
#else
#define DPRINTF(x...)
#endif

static void machine_conf(void);

extern int              default_preemption_rate;
extern int              max_unsafe_quanta;
extern int              max_poll_quanta;
extern unsigned int     panic_is_inited;

int db_run_mode;

volatile int pbtcpu = -1;
hw_lock_data_t pbtlock;         /* backtrace print lock */
uint32_t pbtcnt = 0;

volatile int panic_double_fault_cpu = -1;

#if defined (__i386__)
#define PRINT_ARGS_FROM_STACK_FRAME     1
#elif defined (__x86_64__)
#define PRINT_ARGS_FROM_STACK_FRAME     0
#else
#error unsupported architecture
#endif

#ifdef __LP64__
typedef struct nlist_64 kernel_nlist_t;
#else
typedef struct nlist kernel_nlist_t;
#endif

typedef struct _cframe_t {
    struct _cframe_t    *prev;
    uintptr_t           caller;
#if PRINT_ARGS_FROM_STACK_FRAME
    unsigned            args[0];
#endif
} cframe_t;

static unsigned panic_io_port;
static unsigned commit_paniclog_to_nvram;

unsigned int debug_boot_arg;

void
machine_startup(void)
{
        int     boot_arg;

#if 0
        if( PE_get_hotkey( kPEControlKey ))
            halt_in_debugger = halt_in_debugger ? 0 : 1;
#endif

        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("debug", &debug_boot_arg, sizeof (debug_boot_arg))) {
                panicDebugging = TRUE;
                if (debug_boot_arg & DB_HALT) halt_in_debugger=1;
                if (debug_boot_arg & DB_PRT) disable_debug_output=FALSE; 
                if (debug_boot_arg & DB_SLOG) systemLogDiags=TRUE; 
                if (debug_boot_arg & DB_LOG_PI_SCRN) logPanicDataToScreen=TRUE;
        } else {
                debug_boot_arg = 0;
        }

        if (!PE_parse_boot_argn("nvram_paniclog", &commit_paniclog_to_nvram, sizeof (commit_paniclog_to_nvram)))
                commit_paniclog_to_nvram = 1;

        /*
         * Entering the debugger will put the CPUs into a "safe"
         * power mode.
         */
        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("pmsafe_debug", &boot_arg, sizeof (boot_arg)))
            pmsafe_debug = boot_arg;

#if NOTYET
        hw_lock_init(&debugger_lock);   /* initialize debugger lock */
#endif
        hw_lock_init(&pbtlock);         /* initialize print backtrace lock */

#if     MACH_KDB
        /*
         * Initialize KDB
         */
#if     DB_MACHINE_COMMANDS
        db_machine_commands_install(ppc_db_commands);
#endif  /* DB_MACHINE_COMMANDS */
        ddb_init();

        if (boot_arg & DB_KDB)
                current_debugger = KDB_CUR_DB;

        /*
         * Cause a breakpoint trap to the debugger before proceeding
         * any further if the proper option bit was specified in
         * the boot flags.
         */
        if (halt_in_debugger && (current_debugger == KDB_CUR_DB)) {
                Debugger("inline call to debugger(machine_startup)");
                halt_in_debugger = 0;
                active_debugger =1;
        }
#endif /* MACH_KDB */

        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("preempt", &boot_arg, sizeof (boot_arg))) {
                default_preemption_rate = boot_arg;
        }
        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("unsafe", &boot_arg, sizeof (boot_arg))) {
                max_unsafe_quanta = boot_arg;
        }
        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("poll", &boot_arg, sizeof (boot_arg))) {
                max_poll_quanta = boot_arg;
        }
        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("yield", &boot_arg, sizeof (boot_arg))) {
                sched_poll_yield_shift = boot_arg;
        }
/* The I/O port to issue a read from, in the event of a panic. Useful for
 * triggering logic analyzers.
 */
        if (PE_parse_boot_argn("panic_io_port", &boot_arg, sizeof (boot_arg))) {
                /*I/O ports range from 0 through 0xFFFF */
                panic_io_port = boot_arg & 0xffff;
        }

        machine_conf();

#if NOTYET
        ml_thrm_init();         /* Start thermal monitoring on this processor */
#endif

        /*
         * Start the system.
         */
        kernel_bootstrap();
        /*NOTREACHED*/
}


static void
machine_conf(void)
{
        machine_info.memory_size = (typeof(machine_info.memory_size))mem_size;
}


extern void *gPEEFIRuntimeServices;
extern void *gPEEFISystemTable;

/*-
 *  COPYRIGHT (C) 1986 Gary S. Brown.  You may use this program, or
 *  code or tables extracted from it, as desired without restriction.
 *
 *  First, the polynomial itself and its table of feedback terms.  The
 *  polynomial is
 *  X^32+X^26+X^23+X^22+X^16+X^12+X^11+X^10+X^8+X^7+X^5+X^4+X^2+X^1+X^0
 *
 *  Note that we take it "backwards" and put the highest-order term in
 *  the lowest-order bit.  The X^32 term is "implied"; the LSB is the
 *  X^31 term, etc.  The X^0 term (usually shown as "+1") results in
 *  the MSB being 1
 *
 *  Note that the usual hardware shift register implementation, which
 *  is what we're using (we're merely optimizing it by doing eight-bit
 *  chunks at a time) shifts bits into the lowest-order term.  In our
 *  implementation, that means shifting towards the right.  Why do we
 *  do it this way?  Because the calculated CRC must be transmitted in
 *  order from highest-order term to lowest-order term.  UARTs transmit
 *  characters in order from LSB to MSB.  By storing the CRC this way
 *  we hand it to the UART in the order low-byte to high-byte; the UART
 *  sends each low-bit to hight-bit; and the result is transmission bit
 *  by bit from highest- to lowest-order term without requiring any bit
 *  shuffling on our part.  Reception works similarly
 *
 *  The feedback terms table consists of 256, 32-bit entries.  Notes
 *
 *      The table can be generated at runtime if desired; code to do so
 *      is shown later.  It might not be obvious, but the feedback
 *      terms simply represent the results of eight shift/xor opera
 *      tions for all combinations of data and CRC register values
 *
 *      The values must be right-shifted by eight bits by the "updcrc
 *      logic; the shift must be unsigned (bring in zeroes).  On some
 *      hardware you could probably optimize the shift in assembler by
 *      using byte-swap instructions
 *      polynomial $edb88320
 *
 *
 * CRC32 code derived from work by Gary S. Brown.
 */

static uint32_t crc32_tab[] = {
        0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f,
        0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
        0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2,
        0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
        0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
        0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
        0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c,
        0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
        0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423,
        0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
        0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106,
        0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
        0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d,
        0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
        0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
        0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
        0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7,
        0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
        0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa,
        0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
        0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81,
        0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
        0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84,
        0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
        0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
        0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
        0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e,
        0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
        0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55,
        0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
        0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28,
        0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
        0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f,
        0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
        0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
        0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
        0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69,
        0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
        0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc,
        0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
        0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693,
        0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
        0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
};

static uint32_t
crc32(uint32_t crc, const void *buf, size_t size)
{
        const uint8_t *p;

        p = buf;
        crc = crc ^ ~0U;

        while (size--)
                crc = crc32_tab[(crc ^ *p++) & 0xFF] ^ (crc >> 8);

        return crc ^ ~0U;
}

static void
efi_set_tables_64(EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE_64 * system_table)
{
    EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_64 *runtime;
    uint32_t hdr_cksum;
    uint32_t cksum;

    DPRINTF("Processing 64-bit EFI tables at %p\n", system_table);
    do {
        DPRINTF("Header:\n");
        DPRINTF("  Signature:   0x%016llx\n", system_table->Hdr.Signature);
        DPRINTF("  Revision:    0x%08x\n", system_table->Hdr.Revision);
        DPRINTF("  HeaderSize:  0x%08x\n", system_table->Hdr.HeaderSize);
        DPRINTF("  CRC32:       0x%08x\n", system_table->Hdr.CRC32);
        DPRINTF("RuntimeServices: 0x%016llx\n", system_table->RuntimeServices);
        if (system_table->Hdr.Signature != EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE_SIGNATURE) {
            kprintf("Bad EFI system table signature\n");
            break;
        }
        // Verify signature of the system table
        hdr_cksum = system_table->Hdr.CRC32;
        system_table->Hdr.CRC32 = 0;
        cksum = crc32(0L, system_table, system_table->Hdr.HeaderSize);

        DPRINTF("System table calculated CRC32 = 0x%x, header = 0x%x\n", cksum, hdr_cksum);
        system_table->Hdr.CRC32 = hdr_cksum;
        if (cksum != hdr_cksum) {
            kprintf("Bad EFI system table checksum\n");
            break;
        }

        gPEEFISystemTable     = system_table;

        if (!cpu_mode_is64bit()) {
            kprintf("Skipping 64-bit EFI runtime services for 32-bit legacy mode\n");                   
            break;
        }

        if(system_table->RuntimeServices == 0) {
            kprintf("No runtime table present\n");
            break;
        }
        DPRINTF("RuntimeServices table at 0x%qx\n", system_table->RuntimeServices);
        // 64-bit virtual address is OK for 64-bit EFI and 64/32-bit kernel.
        runtime = (EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_64 *) (uintptr_t)system_table->RuntimeServices;
        DPRINTF("Checking runtime services table %p\n", runtime);
        if (runtime->Hdr.Signature != EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_SIGNATURE) {
            kprintf("Bad EFI runtime table signature\n");
            break;
        }

        // Verify signature of runtime services table
        hdr_cksum = runtime->Hdr.CRC32;
        runtime->Hdr.CRC32 = 0;
        cksum = crc32(0L, runtime, runtime->Hdr.HeaderSize);

        DPRINTF("Runtime table calculated CRC32 = 0x%x, header = 0x%x\n", cksum, hdr_cksum);
        runtime->Hdr.CRC32 = hdr_cksum;
        if (cksum != hdr_cksum) {
            kprintf("Bad EFI runtime table checksum\n");
            break;
        }

        gPEEFIRuntimeServices = runtime;
    }
    while (FALSE);
}

static void
efi_set_tables_32(EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE_32 * system_table)
{
    EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_32 *runtime;
    uint32_t hdr_cksum;
    uint32_t cksum;

    DPRINTF("Processing 32-bit EFI tables at %p\n", system_table);
    do {
        DPRINTF("Header:\n");
        DPRINTF("  Signature:   0x%016llx\n", system_table->Hdr.Signature);
        DPRINTF("  Revision:    0x%08x\n", system_table->Hdr.Revision);
        DPRINTF("  HeaderSize:  0x%08x\n", system_table->Hdr.HeaderSize);
        DPRINTF("  CRC32:       0x%08x\n", system_table->Hdr.CRC32);
        DPRINTF("RuntimeServices: 0x%08x\n", system_table->RuntimeServices);
        if (system_table->Hdr.Signature != EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE_SIGNATURE) {
            kprintf("Bad EFI system table signature\n");
            break;
        }
        // Verify signature of the system table
        hdr_cksum = system_table->Hdr.CRC32;
        system_table->Hdr.CRC32 = 0;
        DPRINTF("System table at %p HeaderSize 0x%x\n", system_table, system_table->Hdr.HeaderSize);
        cksum = crc32(0L, system_table, system_table->Hdr.HeaderSize);

        DPRINTF("System table calculated CRC32 = 0x%x, header = 0x%x\n", cksum, hdr_cksum);
        system_table->Hdr.CRC32 = hdr_cksum;
        if (cksum != hdr_cksum) {
            kprintf("Bad EFI system table checksum\n");
            break;
        }

        gPEEFISystemTable     = system_table;

        if(system_table->RuntimeServices == 0) {
            kprintf("No runtime table present\n");
            break;
        }
        DPRINTF("RuntimeServices table at 0x%x\n", system_table->RuntimeServices);
        // 32-bit virtual address is OK for 32-bit EFI and 32-bit kernel.
        // For a 64-bit kernel, booter provides a virtual address mod 4G
        runtime = (EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_32 *)
#ifdef __x86_64__
                        (system_table->RuntimeServices | VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS);
#else
                        system_table->RuntimeServices;
#endif
        DPRINTF("Runtime table addressed at %p\n", runtime);
        if (runtime->Hdr.Signature != EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_SIGNATURE) {
            kprintf("Bad EFI runtime table signature\n");
            break;
        }

        // Verify signature of runtime services table
        hdr_cksum = runtime->Hdr.CRC32;
        runtime->Hdr.CRC32 = 0;
        cksum = crc32(0L, runtime, runtime->Hdr.HeaderSize);

        DPRINTF("Runtime table calculated CRC32 = 0x%x, header = 0x%x\n", cksum, hdr_cksum);
        runtime->Hdr.CRC32 = hdr_cksum;
        if (cksum != hdr_cksum) {
            kprintf("Bad EFI runtime table checksum\n");
            break;
        }

        DPRINTF("Runtime functions\n");
        DPRINTF("  GetTime                  : 0x%x\n", runtime->GetTime);
        DPRINTF("  SetTime                  : 0x%x\n", runtime->SetTime);
        DPRINTF("  GetWakeupTime            : 0x%x\n", runtime->GetWakeupTime);
        DPRINTF("  SetWakeupTime            : 0x%x\n", runtime->SetWakeupTime);
        DPRINTF("  SetVirtualAddressMap     : 0x%x\n", runtime->SetVirtualAddressMap);
        DPRINTF("  ConvertPointer           : 0x%x\n", runtime->ConvertPointer);
        DPRINTF("  GetVariable              : 0x%x\n", runtime->GetVariable);
        DPRINTF("  GetNextVariableName      : 0x%x\n", runtime->GetNextVariableName);
        DPRINTF("  SetVariable              : 0x%x\n", runtime->SetVariable);
        DPRINTF("  GetNextHighMonotonicCount: 0x%x\n", runtime->GetNextHighMonotonicCount);
        DPRINTF("  ResetSystem              : 0x%x\n", runtime->ResetSystem);

        gPEEFIRuntimeServices = runtime;
    }
    while (FALSE);
}


/* Map in EFI runtime areas. */
static void
efi_init(void)
{
    boot_args *args = (boot_args *)PE_state.bootArgs;

    kprintf("Initializing EFI runtime services\n");

    do
    {
        vm_offset_t vm_size, vm_addr;
        vm_map_offset_t phys_addr;
        EfiMemoryRange *mptr;
        unsigned int msize, mcount;
        unsigned int i;

        msize = args->MemoryMapDescriptorSize;
        mcount = args->MemoryMapSize / msize;

        DPRINTF("efi_init() kernel base: 0x%x size: 0x%x\n",
                args->kaddr, args->ksize);
        DPRINTF("           efiSystemTable physical: 0x%x virtual: %p\n",
                args->efiSystemTable,
                (void *) ml_static_ptovirt(args->efiSystemTable));
        DPRINTF("           efiRuntimeServicesPageStart: 0x%x\n",
                args->efiRuntimeServicesPageStart);
        DPRINTF("           efiRuntimeServicesPageCount: 0x%x\n",
                args->efiRuntimeServicesPageCount);
        DPRINTF("           efiRuntimeServicesVirtualPageStart: 0x%016llx\n",
                args->efiRuntimeServicesVirtualPageStart);
        mptr = (EfiMemoryRange *)ml_static_ptovirt(args->MemoryMap);
        for (i=0; i < mcount; i++, mptr = (EfiMemoryRange *)(((vm_offset_t)mptr) + msize)) {
            if (((mptr->Attribute & EFI_MEMORY_RUNTIME) == EFI_MEMORY_RUNTIME) ) {
                vm_size = (vm_offset_t)i386_ptob((uint32_t)mptr->NumberOfPages);
                vm_addr =   (vm_offset_t) mptr->VirtualStart;
#ifdef __x86_64__
                /* For K64 on EFI32, shadow-map into high KVA */
                if (vm_addr < VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS)
                        vm_addr |= VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
#endif
                phys_addr = (vm_map_offset_t) mptr->PhysicalStart;
                DPRINTF(" Type: %x phys: %p EFIv: %p kv: %p size: %p\n",
                        mptr->Type,
                        (void *) (uintptr_t) phys_addr,
                        (void *) (uintptr_t) mptr->VirtualStart,
                        (void *) vm_addr,
                        (void *) vm_size);
                pmap_map_bd(vm_addr, phys_addr, phys_addr + round_page(vm_size),
                     (mptr->Type == kEfiRuntimeServicesCode) ? VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE : VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE,
                     (mptr->Type == EfiMemoryMappedIO)       ? VM_WIMG_IO   : VM_WIMG_USE_DEFAULT);
            }
        }

        if (args->Version != kBootArgsVersion2)
            panic("Incompatible boot args version %d revision %d\n", args->Version, args->Revision);

        DPRINTF("Boot args version %d revision %d mode %d\n", args->Version, args->Revision, args->efiMode);
        if (args->efiMode == kBootArgsEfiMode64) {
            efi_set_tables_64((EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE_64 *) ml_static_ptovirt(args->efiSystemTable));
        } else {
            efi_set_tables_32((EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE_32 *) ml_static_ptovirt(args->efiSystemTable));
        }
    }
    while (FALSE);

    return;
}

/* Remap EFI runtime areas. */
void
hibernate_newruntime_map(void * map, vm_size_t map_size, uint32_t system_table_offset)
{
    boot_args *args = (boot_args *)PE_state.bootArgs;

    kprintf("Reinitializing EFI runtime services\n");

    do
    {
        vm_offset_t vm_size, vm_addr;
        vm_map_offset_t phys_addr;
        EfiMemoryRange *mptr;
        unsigned int msize, mcount;
        unsigned int i;

        gPEEFISystemTable     = 0;
        gPEEFIRuntimeServices = 0;

        system_table_offset += ptoa_32(args->efiRuntimeServicesPageStart);

        kprintf("Old system table 0x%x, new 0x%x\n",
            (uint32_t)args->efiSystemTable,    system_table_offset);

        args->efiSystemTable    = system_table_offset;

        kprintf("Old map:\n");
        msize = args->MemoryMapDescriptorSize;
        mcount = args->MemoryMapSize / msize;
        mptr = (EfiMemoryRange *)ml_static_ptovirt(args->MemoryMap);
        for (i=0; i < mcount; i++, mptr = (EfiMemoryRange *)(((vm_offset_t)mptr) + msize)) {
            if ((mptr->Attribute & EFI_MEMORY_RUNTIME) == EFI_MEMORY_RUNTIME) {

                vm_size = (vm_offset_t)i386_ptob((uint32_t)mptr->NumberOfPages);
                vm_addr =   (vm_offset_t) mptr->VirtualStart;
#ifdef __x86_64__
                /* K64 on EFI32 */
                if (vm_addr < VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS)
                        vm_addr |= VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
#endif
                phys_addr = (vm_map_offset_t) mptr->PhysicalStart;

                kprintf("mapping[%u] %qx @ %lx, %llu\n", mptr->Type, phys_addr, (unsigned long)vm_addr, mptr->NumberOfPages);
            }
        }

        pmap_remove(kernel_pmap, i386_ptob(args->efiRuntimeServicesPageStart), 
                                 i386_ptob(args->efiRuntimeServicesPageStart + args->efiRuntimeServicesPageCount));

        kprintf("New map:\n");
        msize = args->MemoryMapDescriptorSize;
        mcount = (unsigned int )(map_size / msize);
        mptr = map;
        for (i=0; i < mcount; i++, mptr = (EfiMemoryRange *)(((vm_offset_t)mptr) + msize)) {
            if ((mptr->Attribute & EFI_MEMORY_RUNTIME) == EFI_MEMORY_RUNTIME) {

                vm_size = (vm_offset_t)i386_ptob((uint32_t)mptr->NumberOfPages);
                vm_addr =   (vm_offset_t) mptr->VirtualStart;
#ifdef __x86_64__
                if (vm_addr < VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS)
                        vm_addr |= VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
#endif
                phys_addr = (vm_map_offset_t) mptr->PhysicalStart;

                kprintf("mapping[%u] %qx @ %lx, %llu\n", mptr->Type, phys_addr, (unsigned long)vm_addr, mptr->NumberOfPages);

                pmap_map(vm_addr, phys_addr, phys_addr + round_page(vm_size),
                         (mptr->Type == kEfiRuntimeServicesCode) ? VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE : VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE,
                         (mptr->Type == EfiMemoryMappedIO)       ? VM_WIMG_IO   : VM_WIMG_USE_DEFAULT);
            }
        }

        if (args->Version != kBootArgsVersion2)
            panic("Incompatible boot args version %d revision %d\n", args->Version, args->Revision);

        kprintf("Boot args version %d revision %d mode %d\n", args->Version, args->Revision, args->efiMode);
        if (args->efiMode == kBootArgsEfiMode64) {
            efi_set_tables_64((EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE_64 *) ml_static_ptovirt(args->efiSystemTable));
        } else {
            efi_set_tables_32((EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE_32 *) ml_static_ptovirt(args->efiSystemTable));
        }
    }
    while (FALSE);

    kprintf("Done reinitializing EFI runtime services\n");

    return;
}

/*
 * Find devices.  The system is alive.
 */
void
machine_init(void)
{
        /* Ensure panic buffer is initialized. */
        debug_log_init();

        /*
         * Display CPU identification
         */
        cpuid_cpu_display("CPU identification");
        cpuid_feature_display("CPU features");
        cpuid_extfeature_display("CPU extended features");

        /*
         * Initialize EFI runtime services.
         */
        efi_init();

        smp_init();

        /*
         * Set up to use floating point.
         */
        init_fpu();

        /*
         * Configure clock devices.
         */
        clock_config();

#if CONFIG_MTRR
        /*
         * Initialize MTRR from boot processor.
         */
        mtrr_init();

        /*
         * Set up PAT for boot processor.
         */
        pat_init();
#endif

        /*
         * Free lowmem pages and complete other setup
         */
        pmap_lowmem_finalize();
}

/*
 * Halt a cpu.
 */
void
halt_cpu(void)
{
        halt_all_cpus(FALSE);
}

int reset_mem_on_reboot = 1;

/*
 * Halt the system or reboot.
 */
void
halt_all_cpus(boolean_t reboot)
{
        if (reboot) {
                printf("MACH Reboot\n");
                PEHaltRestart( kPERestartCPU );
        } else {
                printf("CPU halted\n");
                PEHaltRestart( kPEHaltCPU );
        }
        while(1);
}

 
/* Issue an I/O port read if one has been requested - this is an event logic
 * analyzers can use as a trigger point.
 */

void
panic_io_port_read(void) {
        if (panic_io_port)
                (void)inb(panic_io_port);
}

/* For use with the MP rendezvous mechanism
 */

uint64_t panic_restart_timeout = ~(0ULL);

static void
machine_halt_cpu(void) {
        panic_io_port_read();

        if (panic_restart_timeout != ~(0ULL)) {
                uint64_t deadline = mach_absolute_time() + panic_restart_timeout;
                while (mach_absolute_time() < deadline) {
                        cpu_pause();
                }
                kprintf("Invoking PE_halt_restart\n");
                /* Attempt restart via ACPI RESET_REG; at the time of this
                 * writing, this is routine is chained through AppleSMC->
                 * AppleACPIPlatform
                 */
                if (PE_halt_restart)
                        (*PE_halt_restart)(kPERestartCPU);
        }
        pmCPUHalt(PM_HALT_DEBUG);
}

void
Debugger(
        const char      *message)
{
        unsigned long pi_size = 0;
        void *stackptr;
        int cn = cpu_number();

        hw_atomic_add(&debug_mode, 1);   
        if (!panic_is_inited) {
                postcode(PANIC_HLT);
                asm("hlt");
        }

        printf("Debugger called: <%s>\n", message);
        kprintf("Debugger called: <%s>\n", message);

        /*
         * Skip the graphical panic box if no panic string.
         * This is the case if we're being called from
         *   host_reboot(,HOST_REBOOT_DEBUGGER)
         * as a quiet way into the debugger.
         */

        if (panicstr) {
                disable_preemption();

/* Issue an I/O port read if one has been requested - this is an event logic
 * analyzers can use as a trigger point.
 */
                panic_io_port_read();

                /* Obtain current frame pointer */
#if defined (__i386__)
                __asm__ volatile("movl %%ebp, %0" : "=m" (stackptr));
#elif defined (__x86_64__)
                __asm__ volatile("movq %%rbp, %0" : "=m" (stackptr));
#endif

                /* Print backtrace - callee is internally synchronized */
                panic_i386_backtrace(stackptr, ((panic_double_fault_cpu == cn) ? 80: 48), NULL, FALSE, NULL);

                /* everything should be printed now so copy to NVRAM
                 */

                if( debug_buf_size > 0) {
                  /* Optionally sync the panic log, if any, to NVRAM
                   * This is the default.
                   */
                    if (commit_paniclog_to_nvram) {
                        unsigned int bufpos;
                        uintptr_t cr0;
                        
                        debug_putc(0);

                        /* Now call the compressor */
                        /* XXX Consider using the WKdm compressor in the
                         * future, rather than just packing - would need to
                         * be co-ordinated with crashreporter, which decodes
                         * this post-restart. The compressor should be
                         * capable of in-place compression.
                         */
                        bufpos = packA(debug_buf,
                            (unsigned int) (debug_buf_ptr - debug_buf), debug_buf_size);
                        /* If compression was successful,
                         * use the compressed length
                         */
                        pi_size = bufpos ? bufpos : (unsigned) (debug_buf_ptr - debug_buf);

                        /* Save panic log to non-volatile store
                         * Panic info handler must truncate data that is 
                         * too long for this platform.
                         * This call must save data synchronously,
                         * since we can subsequently halt the system.
                         */


/* The following sequence is a workaround for:
 * <rdar://problem/5915669> SnowLeopard10A67: AppleEFINVRAM should not invoke
 * any routines that use floating point (MMX in this case) when saving panic
 * logs to nvram/flash.
 */
                        cr0 = get_cr0();
                        clear_ts();

                        kprintf("Attempting to commit panic log to NVRAM\n");
                        pi_size = PESavePanicInfo((unsigned char *)debug_buf,
                                        (uint32_t)pi_size );
                        set_cr0(cr0);

                        /* Uncompress in-place, to permit examination of
                         * the panic log by debuggers.
                         */

                        if (bufpos) {
                          unpackA(debug_buf, bufpos);
                        }
                    }
                }

                /* If the user won't be able to read the dialog,
                 * don't bother trying to show it
                 */
                if (!PE_reboot_on_panic())
                        draw_panic_dialog();

                if (!panicDebugging) {
                        unsigned cnum;
                        /* Clear the MP rendezvous function lock, in the event
                         * that a panic occurred while in that codepath.
                         */
                        mp_rendezvous_break_lock();
                        if (PE_reboot_on_panic()) {
                                if (PE_halt_restart)
                                        (*PE_halt_restart)(kPERestartCPU);
                        }

                        /* Non-maskably interrupt all other processors
                         * If a restart timeout is specified, this processor
                         * will attempt a restart.
                         */
                        kprintf("Invoking machine_halt_cpu on CPU %d\n", cn);
                        for (cnum = 0; cnum < real_ncpus; cnum++) {
                                if (cnum != (unsigned) cn) {
                                        cpu_NMI_interrupt(cnum);
                                }
                        }
                        machine_halt_cpu();
                        /* NOT REACHED */
                }
        }

        __asm__("int3");
        hw_atomic_sub(&debug_mode, 1);   
}

char *
machine_boot_info(char *buf, __unused vm_size_t size)
{
        *buf ='\0';
        return buf;
}

/* Routines for address - symbol translation. Not called unless the "keepsyms"
 * boot-arg is supplied.
 */

static int
panic_print_macho_symbol_name(kernel_mach_header_t *mh, vm_address_t search, const char *module_name)
{
    kernel_nlist_t      *sym = NULL;
    struct load_command         *cmd;
    kernel_segment_command_t    *orig_ts = NULL, *orig_le = NULL;
    struct symtab_command       *orig_st = NULL;
    unsigned int                        i;
    char                                        *strings, *bestsym = NULL;
    vm_address_t                        bestaddr = 0, diff, curdiff;

    /* Assume that if it's loaded and linked into the kernel, it's a valid Mach-O */
    
    cmd = (struct load_command *) &mh[1];
    for (i = 0; i < mh->ncmds; i++) {
        if (cmd->cmd == LC_SEGMENT_KERNEL) {
            kernel_segment_command_t *orig_sg = (kernel_segment_command_t *) cmd;
            
            if (strncmp(SEG_TEXT, orig_sg->segname,
                                    sizeof(orig_sg->segname)) == 0)
                orig_ts = orig_sg;
            else if (strncmp(SEG_LINKEDIT, orig_sg->segname,
                                    sizeof(orig_sg->segname)) == 0)
                orig_le = orig_sg;
            else if (strncmp("", orig_sg->segname,
                                    sizeof(orig_sg->segname)) == 0)
                orig_ts = orig_sg; /* pre-Lion i386 kexts have a single unnamed segment */
        }
        else if (cmd->cmd == LC_SYMTAB)
            orig_st = (struct symtab_command *) cmd;
        
        cmd = (struct load_command *) ((uintptr_t) cmd + cmd->cmdsize);
    }
    
    if ((orig_ts == NULL) || (orig_st == NULL) || (orig_le == NULL))
        return 0;
    
    if ((search < orig_ts->vmaddr) ||
        (search >= orig_ts->vmaddr + orig_ts->vmsize)) {
        /* search out of range for this mach header */
        return 0;
    }
    
    sym = (kernel_nlist_t *)(uintptr_t)(orig_le->vmaddr + orig_st->symoff - orig_le->fileoff);
    strings = (char *)(uintptr_t)(orig_le->vmaddr + orig_st->stroff - orig_le->fileoff);
    diff = search;
    
    for (i = 0; i < orig_st->nsyms; i++) {
        if (sym[i].n_type & N_STAB) continue;

        if (sym[i].n_value <= search) {
            curdiff = search - (vm_address_t)sym[i].n_value;
            if (curdiff < diff) {
                diff = curdiff;
                bestaddr = sym[i].n_value;
                bestsym = strings + sym[i].n_un.n_strx;
            }
        }
    }
    
    if (bestsym != NULL) {
        if (diff != 0) {
            kdb_printf("%s : %s + 0x%lx", module_name, bestsym, (unsigned long)diff);
        } else {
            kdb_printf("%s : %s", module_name, bestsym);
        }
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

extern kmod_info_t * kmod; /* the list of modules */

static void
panic_print_kmod_symbol_name(vm_address_t search)
{
    u_int i;

    if (gLoadedKextSummaries == NULL)
            return;
    for (i = 0; i < gLoadedKextSummaries->numSummaries; ++i) {
        OSKextLoadedKextSummary *summary = gLoadedKextSummaries->summaries + i;

        if ((search >= summary->address) &&
            (search < (summary->address + summary->size)))
        {
            kernel_mach_header_t *header = (kernel_mach_header_t *)(uintptr_t) summary->address;
            if (panic_print_macho_symbol_name(header, search, summary->name) == 0) {
                kdb_printf("%s + %llu", summary->name, (unsigned long)search - summary->address);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
}

static void
panic_print_symbol_name(vm_address_t search)
{
    /* try searching in the kernel */
    if (panic_print_macho_symbol_name(&_mh_execute_header, search, "mach_kernel") == 0) {
        /* that failed, now try to search for the right kext */
        panic_print_kmod_symbol_name(search);
    }
}

/* Generate a backtrace, given a frame pointer - this routine
 * should walk the stack safely. The trace is appended to the panic log
 * and conditionally, to the console. If the trace contains kernel module
 * addresses, display the module name, load address and dependencies.
 */

#define DUMPFRAMES 32
#define PBT_TIMEOUT_CYCLES (5 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000ULL)
void
panic_i386_backtrace(void *_frame, int nframes, const char *msg, boolean_t regdump, x86_saved_state_t *regs)
{
        cframe_t        *frame = (cframe_t *)_frame;
        vm_offset_t raddrs[DUMPFRAMES];
        vm_offset_t PC = 0;
        int frame_index;
        volatile uint32_t *ppbtcnt = &pbtcnt;
        uint64_t bt_tsc_timeout;
        boolean_t keepsyms = FALSE;
        int cn = cpu_number();

        if(pbtcpu != cn) {
                hw_atomic_add(&pbtcnt, 1);
                /* Spin on print backtrace lock, which serializes output
                 * Continue anyway if a timeout occurs.
                 */
                hw_lock_to(&pbtlock, LockTimeOutTSC*2);
                pbtcpu = cn;
        }

        PE_parse_boot_argn("keepsyms", &keepsyms, sizeof (keepsyms));

        if (msg != NULL) {
                kdb_printf("%s", msg);
        }

        if ((regdump == TRUE) && (regs != NULL)) {
#if defined(__x86_64__)
                x86_saved_state64_t     *ss64p = saved_state64(regs);
                kdb_printf(
                    "RAX: 0x%016llx, RBX: 0x%016llx, RCX: 0x%016llx, RDX: 0x%016llx\n"
                    "RSP: 0x%016llx, RBP: 0x%016llx, RSI: 0x%016llx, RDI: 0x%016llx\n"
                    "R8:  0x%016llx, R9:  0x%016llx, R10: 0x%016llx, R11: 0x%016llx\n"
                    "R12: 0x%016llx, R13: 0x%016llx, R14: 0x%016llx, R15: 0x%016llx\n"
                    "RFL: 0x%016llx, RIP: 0x%016llx, CS:  0x%016llx, SS:  0x%016llx\n",
                    ss64p->rax, ss64p->rbx, ss64p->rcx, ss64p->rdx,
                    ss64p->isf.rsp, ss64p->rbp, ss64p->rsi, ss64p->rdi,
                    ss64p->r8,  ss64p->r9,  ss64p->r10, ss64p->r11,
                    ss64p->r12, ss64p->r13, ss64p->r14, ss64p->r15,
                    ss64p->isf.rflags, ss64p->isf.rip, ss64p->isf.cs,
                    ss64p->isf.ss);
                PC = ss64p->isf.rip;
#else
                x86_saved_state32_t     *ss32p = saved_state32(regs);
                kdb_printf(
                    "EAX: 0x%08x, EBX: 0x%08x, ECX: 0x%08x, EDX: 0x%08x\n"
                    "CR2: 0x%08x, EBP: 0x%08x, ESI: 0x%08x, EDI: 0x%08x\n"
                    "EFL: 0x%08x, EIP: 0x%08x, CS:  0x%08x, DS:  0x%08x\n",
                    ss32p->eax,ss32p->ebx,ss32p->ecx,ss32p->edx,
                    ss32p->cr2,ss32p->ebp,ss32p->esi,ss32p->edi,
                    ss32p->efl,ss32p->eip,ss32p->cs, ss32p->ds);
                PC = ss32p->eip;
#endif
        }

        kdb_printf("Backtrace (CPU %d), "
#if PRINT_ARGS_FROM_STACK_FRAME
        "Frame : Return Address (4 potential args on stack)\n", cn);
#else
        "Frame : Return Address\n", cn);
#endif

        for (frame_index = 0; frame_index < nframes; frame_index++) {
                vm_offset_t curframep = (vm_offset_t) frame;

                if (!curframep)
                        break;

                if (curframep & 0x3) {
                        kdb_printf("Unaligned frame\n");
                        goto invalid;
                }

                if (!kvtophys(curframep) ||
                    !kvtophys(curframep + sizeof(cframe_t) - 1)) {
                        kdb_printf("No mapping exists for frame pointer\n");
                        goto invalid;
                }

                kdb_printf("%p : 0x%lx ", frame, frame->caller);
                if (frame_index < DUMPFRAMES)
                        raddrs[frame_index] = frame->caller;

#if PRINT_ARGS_FROM_STACK_FRAME
                if (kvtophys((vm_offset_t)&(frame->args[3])))
                        kdb_printf("(0x%x 0x%x 0x%x 0x%x) ",
                            frame->args[0], frame->args[1],
                            frame->args[2], frame->args[3]);
#endif

                /* Display address-symbol translation only if the "keepsyms"
                 * boot-arg is suppplied, since we unload LINKEDIT otherwise.
                 * This routine is potentially unsafe; also, function
                 * boundary identification is unreliable after a strip -x.
                 */
                if (keepsyms)
                        panic_print_symbol_name((vm_address_t)frame->caller);
                
                kdb_printf("\n");

                frame = frame->prev;
        }

        if (frame_index >= nframes)
                kdb_printf("\tBacktrace continues...\n");

        goto out;

invalid:
        kdb_printf("Backtrace terminated-invalid frame pointer %p\n",frame);
out:

        /* Identify kernel modules in the backtrace and display their
         * load addresses and dependencies. This routine should walk
         * the kmod list safely.
         */
        if (frame_index)
                kmod_panic_dump((vm_offset_t *)&raddrs[0], frame_index);

        if (PC != 0)
                kmod_panic_dump(&PC, 1);

        panic_display_system_configuration();

        /* Release print backtrace lock, to permit other callers in the
         * event of panics on multiple processors.
         */
        hw_lock_unlock(&pbtlock);
        hw_atomic_sub(&pbtcnt, 1);
        /* Wait for other processors to complete output
         * Timeout and continue after PBT_TIMEOUT_CYCLES.
         */
        bt_tsc_timeout = rdtsc64() + PBT_TIMEOUT_CYCLES;
        while(*ppbtcnt && (rdtsc64() < bt_tsc_timeout));
}