[apple/xnu.git] / bsd / netinet6 / in6_rmx.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 *
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
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/*      $FreeBSD: src/sys/netinet6/in6_rmx.c,v 1.1.2.2 2001/07/03 11:01:52 ume Exp $    */
/*      $KAME: in6_rmx.c,v 1.10 2001/05/24 05:44:58 itojun Exp $        */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Copyright 1994, 1995 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
 * its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
 * granted, provided that both the above copyright notice and this
 * permission notice appear in all copies, that both the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
 * supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used
 * in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
 * software without specific, written prior permission.  M.I.T. makes
 * no representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied
 * warranty.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''.  M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
 * ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
 * SHALL M.I.T. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
 * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

/*
 * This code does two things necessary for the enhanced TCP metrics to
 * function in a useful manner:
 *  1) It marks all non-host routes as `cloning', thus ensuring that
 *     every actual reference to such a route actually gets turned
 *     into a reference to a host route to the specific destination
 *     requested.
 *  2) When such routes lose all their references, it arranges for them
 *     to be deleted in some random collection of circumstances, so that
 *     a large quantity of stale routing data is not kept in kernel memory
 *     indefinitely.  See in6_rtqtimo() below for the exact mechanism.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <kern/queue.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/socketvar.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#include <kern/lock.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <netinet/in_var.h>

#include <netinet/ip6.h>
#include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>

#include <netinet/icmp6.h>

#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_var.h>

extern int      in6_inithead(void **head, int off);
static void     in6_rtqtimo(void *rock);
static void in6_mtutimo(void *rock);
extern int tvtohz(struct timeval *);

static struct radix_node *in6_matroute_args(void *, struct radix_node_head *,
    rn_matchf_t *, void *);

#define RTPRF_OURS              RTF_PROTO3      /* set on routes we manage */

/*
 * Accessed by in6_addroute(), in6_deleteroute() and in6_rtqkill(), during
 * which the routing lock (rnh_lock) is held and thus protects the variable.
 */
static int      in6dynroutes;

/*
 * Do what we need to do when inserting a route.
 */
static struct radix_node *
in6_addroute(void *v_arg, void *n_arg, struct radix_node_head *head,
            struct radix_node *treenodes)
{
        struct rtentry *rt = (struct rtentry *)treenodes;
        struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)rt_key(rt);
        struct radix_node *ret;

        lck_mtx_assert(rnh_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);
        RT_LOCK_ASSERT_HELD(rt);

        /*
         * If this is a dynamic route (which is created via Redirect) and
         * we already have the maximum acceptable number of such route entries,
         * reject creating a new one.  We could initiate garbage collection to
         * make available space right now, but the benefit would probably not
         * be worth the cleaning overhead; we only have to endure a slightly
         * suboptimal path even without the redirecbted route.
         */
        if ((rt->rt_flags & RTF_DYNAMIC) != 0 &&
            ip6_maxdynroutes >= 0 && in6dynroutes >= ip6_maxdynroutes)
                return (NULL);

        /*
         * For IPv6, all unicast non-host routes are automatically cloning.
         */
        if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&sin6->sin6_addr))
                rt->rt_flags |= RTF_MULTICAST;

        if (!(rt->rt_flags & (RTF_HOST | RTF_CLONING | RTF_MULTICAST))) {
                rt->rt_flags |= RTF_PRCLONING;
        }

        /*
         * A little bit of help for both IPv6 output and input:
         *   For local addresses, we make sure that RTF_LOCAL is set,
         *   with the thought that this might one day be used to speed up
         *   ip_input().
         *
         * We also mark routes to multicast addresses as such, because
         * it's easy to do and might be useful (but this is much more
         * dubious since it's so easy to inspect the address).  (This
         * is done above.)
         *
         * XXX
         * should elaborate the code.
         */
        if (rt->rt_flags & RTF_HOST) {
                if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&satosin6(rt->rt_ifa->ifa_addr)
                                        ->sin6_addr,
                                       &sin6->sin6_addr)) {
                        rt->rt_flags |= RTF_LOCAL;
                }
        }

        if (!rt->rt_rmx.rmx_mtu && !(rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks & RTV_MTU)
            && rt->rt_ifp)
                rt->rt_rmx.rmx_mtu = rt->rt_ifp->if_mtu;

        ret = rn_addroute(v_arg, n_arg, head, treenodes);
        if (ret == NULL && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_HOST)) {
                struct rtentry *rt2;
                /*
                 * We are trying to add a host route, but can't.
                 * Find out if it is because of an
                 * ARP entry and delete it if so.
                 */
                rt2 = rtalloc1_locked((struct sockaddr *)sin6, 0,
                                RTF_CLONING | RTF_PRCLONING);
                if (rt2) {
                        RT_LOCK(rt2);
                        if ((rt2->rt_flags & RTF_LLINFO) &&
                            (rt2->rt_flags & RTF_HOST) &&
                            rt2->rt_gateway != NULL &&
                            rt2->rt_gateway->sa_family == AF_LINK) {
                                /*
                                 * Safe to drop rt_lock and use rt_key,
                                 * rt_gateway, since holding rnh_lock here
                                 * prevents another thread from calling
                                 * rt_setgate() on this route.
                                 */
                                RT_UNLOCK(rt2);
                                (void) rtrequest_locked(RTM_DELETE, rt_key(rt2),
                                    rt2->rt_gateway, rt_mask(rt2),
                                    rt2->rt_flags, 0);
                                ret = rn_addroute(v_arg, n_arg, head,
                                        treenodes);
                        } else {
                                RT_UNLOCK(rt2);
                        }
                        rtfree_locked(rt2);
                }
        } else if (ret == NULL && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_CLONING)) {
                struct rtentry *rt2;
                /*
                 * We are trying to add a net route, but can't.
                 * The following case should be allowed, so we'll make a
                 * special check for this:
                 *      Two IPv6 addresses with the same prefix is assigned
                 *      to a single interrface.
                 *      # ifconfig if0 inet6 3ffe:0501::1 prefix 64 alias (*1)
                 *      # ifconfig if0 inet6 3ffe:0501::2 prefix 64 alias (*2)
                 *      In this case, (*1) and (*2) want to add the same
                 *      net route entry, 3ffe:0501:: -> if0.
                 *      This case should not raise an error.
                 */
                rt2 = rtalloc1_locked((struct sockaddr *)sin6, 0,
                                RTF_CLONING | RTF_PRCLONING);
                if (rt2) {
                        RT_LOCK(rt2);
                        if ((rt2->rt_flags & (RTF_CLONING|RTF_HOST|RTF_GATEWAY))
                                        == RTF_CLONING
                         && rt2->rt_gateway
                         && rt2->rt_gateway->sa_family == AF_LINK
                         && rt2->rt_ifp == rt->rt_ifp) {
                                ret = rt2->rt_nodes;
                        }
                        RT_UNLOCK(rt2);
                        rtfree_locked(rt2);
                }
        }

        if (ret != NULL && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_DYNAMIC) != 0)
                in6dynroutes++;

        return ret;
}

static struct radix_node *
in6_deleteroute(void * v_arg, void *netmask_arg, struct radix_node_head *head)
{
        struct radix_node *rn;

        lck_mtx_assert(rnh_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);

        rn = rn_delete(v_arg, netmask_arg, head);
        if (rn != NULL) {
                struct rtentry *rt = (struct rtentry *)rn;
                RT_LOCK_SPIN(rt);
                if ((rt->rt_flags & RTF_DYNAMIC) != 0)
                        in6dynroutes--;
                RT_UNLOCK(rt);
        }

        return (rn);
}

/*
 * Similar to in6_matroute_args except without the leaf-matching parameters.
 */
static struct radix_node *
in6_matroute(void *v_arg, struct radix_node_head *head)
{
        return (in6_matroute_args(v_arg, head, NULL, NULL));
}

/*
 * This code is the inverse of in6_clsroute: on first reference, if we
 * were managing the route, stop doing so and set the expiration timer
 * back off again.
 */
static struct radix_node *
in6_matroute_args(void *v_arg, struct radix_node_head *head,
    rn_matchf_t *f, void *w)
{
        struct radix_node *rn = rn_match_args(v_arg, head, f, w);
        struct rtentry *rt = (struct rtentry *)rn;

        /* This is first reference? */
        if (rt != NULL) {
                RT_LOCK_SPIN(rt);
                if (rt->rt_refcnt == 0 && (rt->rt_flags & RTPRF_OURS)) {
                        rt->rt_flags &= ~RTPRF_OURS;
                        rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire = 0;
                }
                RT_UNLOCK(rt);
        }
        return (rn);
}

SYSCTL_DECL(_net_inet6_ip6);

static int rtq_reallyold = 60*60;
        /* one hour is ``really old'' */
SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet6_ip6, IPV6CTL_RTEXPIRE, rtexpire,
        CTLFLAG_RW, &rtq_reallyold , 0, "");

static int rtq_minreallyold = 10;
        /* never automatically crank down to less */
SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet6_ip6, IPV6CTL_RTMINEXPIRE, rtminexpire,
        CTLFLAG_RW, &rtq_minreallyold , 0, "");

static int rtq_toomany = 128;
        /* 128 cached routes is ``too many'' */
SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet6_ip6, IPV6CTL_RTMAXCACHE, rtmaxcache,
        CTLFLAG_RW, &rtq_toomany , 0, "");


/*
 * On last reference drop, mark the route as belong to us so that it can be
 * timed out.
 */
static void
in6_clsroute(struct radix_node *rn, __unused struct radix_node_head *head)
{
        struct rtentry *rt = (struct rtentry *)rn;

        lck_mtx_assert(rnh_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);
        RT_LOCK_ASSERT_HELD(rt);

        if (!(rt->rt_flags & RTF_UP))
                return;         /* prophylactic measures */

        if ((rt->rt_flags & (RTF_LLINFO | RTF_HOST)) != RTF_HOST)
                return;

        if (rt->rt_flags & RTPRF_OURS)
                return;

        if (!(rt->rt_flags & (RTF_WASCLONED | RTF_DYNAMIC)))
                return;

        /*
         * Delete the route immediately if RTF_DELCLONE is set or
         * if route caching is disabled (rtq_reallyold set to 0).
         * Otherwise, let it expire and be deleted by in6_rtqkill().
         */
        if ((rt->rt_flags & RTF_DELCLONE) || rtq_reallyold == 0) {
                /*
                 * Delete the route from the radix tree but since we are
                 * called when the route's reference count is 0, don't
                 * deallocate it until we return from this routine by
                 * telling rtrequest that we're interested in it.
                 * Safe to drop rt_lock and use rt_key, rt_gateway,
                 * since holding rnh_lock here prevents another thread
                 * from calling rt_setgate() on this route.
                 */
                RT_UNLOCK(rt);
                if (rtrequest_locked(RTM_DELETE, rt_key(rt),
                    rt->rt_gateway, rt_mask(rt), rt->rt_flags, &rt) == 0) {
                        /* Now let the caller free it */
                        RT_LOCK(rt);
                        RT_REMREF_LOCKED(rt);
                } else {
                        RT_LOCK(rt);
                }
        } else {
                struct timeval timenow;

                getmicrotime(&timenow);
                rt->rt_flags |= RTPRF_OURS;
                rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire = timenow.tv_sec + rtq_reallyold;
        }
}

struct rtqk_arg {
        struct radix_node_head *rnh;
        int mode;
        int updating;
        int draining;
        int killed;
        int found;
        time_t nextstop;
};

/*
 * Get rid of old routes.  When draining, this deletes everything, even when
 * the timeout is not expired yet.  This also applies if the route is dynamic
 * and there are sufficiently large number of such routes (more than a half of
 * maximum).  When updating, this makes sure that nothing has a timeout longer
 * than the current value of rtq_reallyold.
 */
static int
in6_rtqkill(struct radix_node *rn, void *rock)
{
        struct rtqk_arg *ap = rock;
        struct rtentry *rt = (struct rtentry *)rn;
        int err;
        struct timeval timenow;

        getmicrotime(&timenow);
        lck_mtx_assert(rnh_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);

        RT_LOCK(rt);
        if (rt->rt_flags & RTPRF_OURS) {
                ap->found++;

                if (ap->draining || rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire <= timenow.tv_sec ||
                    ((rt->rt_flags & RTF_DYNAMIC) != 0 &&
                    ip6_maxdynroutes >= 0 &&
                    in6dynroutes > ip6_maxdynroutes / 2)) {
                        if (rt->rt_refcnt > 0)
                                panic("rtqkill route really not free");

                        /*
                         * Delete this route since we're done with it;
                         * the route may be freed afterwards, so we
                         * can no longer refer to 'rt' upon returning
                         * from rtrequest().  Safe to drop rt_lock and
                         * use rt_key, rt_gateway, since holding rnh_lock
                         * here prevents another thread from calling
                         * rt_setgate() on this route.
                         */
                        RT_UNLOCK(rt);
                        err = rtrequest_locked(RTM_DELETE, rt_key(rt),
                            rt->rt_gateway, rt_mask(rt), rt->rt_flags, 0);
                        if (err) {
                                log(LOG_WARNING, "in6_rtqkill: error %d", err);
                        } else {
                                ap->killed++;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (ap->updating
                           && (rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire - timenow.tv_sec
                               > rtq_reallyold)) {
                                rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire = timenow.tv_sec
                                        + rtq_reallyold;
                        }
                        ap->nextstop = lmin(ap->nextstop,
                                            rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire);
                        RT_UNLOCK(rt);
                }
        } else {
                RT_UNLOCK(rt);
        }

        return 0;
}

#define RTQ_TIMEOUT     60*10   /* run no less than once every ten minutes */
static int rtq_timeout = RTQ_TIMEOUT;

static void
in6_rtqtimo(void *rock)
{
        struct radix_node_head *rnh = rock;
        struct rtqk_arg arg;
        struct timeval atv;
        static time_t last_adjusted_timeout = 0;
        struct timeval timenow;

        lck_mtx_lock(rnh_lock);
        /* Get the timestamp after we acquire the lock for better accuracy */
        getmicrotime(&timenow);

        arg.found = arg.killed = 0;
        arg.rnh = rnh;
        arg.nextstop = timenow.tv_sec + rtq_timeout;
        arg.draining = arg.updating = 0;
        rnh->rnh_walktree(rnh, in6_rtqkill, &arg);

        /*
         * Attempt to be somewhat dynamic about this:
         * If there are ``too many'' routes sitting around taking up space,
         * then crank down the timeout, and see if we can't make some more
         * go away.  However, we make sure that we will never adjust more
         * than once in rtq_timeout seconds, to keep from cranking down too
         * hard.
         */
        if ((arg.found - arg.killed > rtq_toomany)
           && (timenow.tv_sec - last_adjusted_timeout >= rtq_timeout)
           && rtq_reallyold > rtq_minreallyold) {
                rtq_reallyold = 2*rtq_reallyold / 3;
                if (rtq_reallyold < rtq_minreallyold) {
                        rtq_reallyold = rtq_minreallyold;
                }

                last_adjusted_timeout = timenow.tv_sec;
#if DIAGNOSTIC
                log(LOG_DEBUG, "in6_rtqtimo: adjusted rtq_reallyold to %d",
                    rtq_reallyold);
#endif
                arg.found = arg.killed = 0;
                arg.updating = 1;
                rnh->rnh_walktree(rnh, in6_rtqkill, &arg);
        }

        atv.tv_usec = 0;
        atv.tv_sec = arg.nextstop - timenow.tv_sec;
        lck_mtx_unlock(rnh_lock);
        timeout(in6_rtqtimo, rock, tvtohz(&atv));
}

/*
 * Age old PMTUs.
 */
struct mtuex_arg {
        struct radix_node_head *rnh;
        time_t nextstop;
};

static int
in6_mtuexpire(struct radix_node *rn, void *rock)
{
        struct rtentry *rt = (struct rtentry *)rn;
        struct mtuex_arg *ap = rock;
        struct timeval timenow;

        getmicrotime(&timenow);

        /* sanity */
        if (!rt)
                panic("rt == NULL in in6_mtuexpire");

        RT_LOCK(rt);
        if (rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire && !(rt->rt_flags & RTF_PROBEMTU)) {
                if (rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire <= timenow.tv_sec) {
                        rt->rt_flags |= RTF_PROBEMTU;
                } else {
                        ap->nextstop = lmin(ap->nextstop,
                                        rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire);
                }
        }
        RT_UNLOCK(rt);

        return 0;
}

#define MTUTIMO_DEFAULT (60*1)

static void
in6_mtutimo(void *rock)
{
        struct radix_node_head *rnh = rock;
        struct mtuex_arg arg;
        struct timeval atv;
        struct timeval timenow;

        getmicrotime(&timenow);

        arg.rnh = rnh;
        arg.nextstop = timenow.tv_sec + MTUTIMO_DEFAULT;
        lck_mtx_lock(rnh_lock);
        rnh->rnh_walktree(rnh, in6_mtuexpire, &arg);

        atv.tv_usec = 0;
        atv.tv_sec = arg.nextstop;
        if (atv.tv_sec < timenow.tv_sec) {
#if DIAGNOSTIC
                log(LOG_DEBUG, "IPv6: invalid mtu expiration time on routing table\n");
#endif
                arg.nextstop = timenow.tv_sec + 30;     /*last resort*/
        }
        atv.tv_sec -= timenow.tv_sec;
        lck_mtx_unlock(rnh_lock);
        timeout(in6_mtutimo, rock, tvtohz(&atv));
}

#if 0
void
in6_rtqdrain()
{
        struct radix_node_head *rnh = rt_tables[AF_INET6];
        struct rtqk_arg arg;
        int s;
        arg.found = arg.killed = 0;
        arg.rnh = rnh;
        arg.nextstop = 0;
        arg.draining = 1;
        arg.updating = 0;
        s = splnet();
        rnh->rnh_walktree(rnh, in6_rtqkill, &arg);
        splx(s);
}
#endif

/*
 * Initialize our routing tree.
 */
int
in6_inithead(void **head, int off)
{
        struct radix_node_head *rnh;

        if (!rn_inithead(head, off))
                return 0;

        if (head != (void **)&rt_tables[AF_INET6]) /* BOGUS! */
                return 1;       /* only do this for the real routing table */

        rnh = *head;
        rnh->rnh_addaddr = in6_addroute;
        rnh->rnh_deladdr = in6_deleteroute;
        rnh->rnh_matchaddr = in6_matroute;
        rnh->rnh_matchaddr_args = in6_matroute_args;
        rnh->rnh_close = in6_clsroute;
        in6_rtqtimo(rnh);       /* kick off timeout first time */
        in6_mtutimo(rnh);       /* kick off timeout first time */
        return 1;
}