xnu-3248.20.55.tar.gz

[apple/xnu.git] / bsd / net / rtsock.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2015 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 *
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	@(#)rtsock.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 11/2/94
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kauth.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/socketvar.h>
#include <sys/domain.h>
#include <sys/protosw.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#include <sys/mcache.h>
#include <kern/locks.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <net/dlil.h>
#include <net/raw_cb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_var.h>
#include <netinet/in_arp.h>
#include <netinet6/nd6.h>

extern struct rtstat rtstat;
extern struct domain routedomain_s;
static struct domain *routedomain = NULL;

MALLOC_DEFINE(M_RTABLE, "routetbl", "routing tables");

static struct sockaddr route_dst = { 2, PF_ROUTE, { 0, } };
static struct sockaddr route_src = { 2, PF_ROUTE, { 0, } };
static struct sockaddr sa_zero   = { sizeof (sa_zero), AF_INET, { 0, } };

struct route_cb {
	u_int32_t	ip_count;	/* attached w/ AF_INET */
	u_int32_t	ip6_count;	/* attached w/ AF_INET6 */
	u_int32_t	any_count;	/* total attached */
};

static struct route_cb route_cb;

struct walkarg {
	int	w_tmemsize;
	int	w_op, w_arg;
	caddr_t	w_tmem;
	struct sysctl_req *w_req;
};

static void route_dinit(struct domain *);
static int rts_abort(struct socket *);
static int rts_attach(struct socket *, int, struct proc *);
static int rts_bind(struct socket *, struct sockaddr *, struct proc *);
static int rts_connect(struct socket *, struct sockaddr *, struct proc *);
static int rts_detach(struct socket *);
static int rts_disconnect(struct socket *);
static int rts_peeraddr(struct socket *, struct sockaddr **);
static int rts_send(struct socket *, int, struct mbuf *, struct sockaddr *,
    struct mbuf *, struct proc *);
static int rts_shutdown(struct socket *);
static int rts_sockaddr(struct socket *, struct sockaddr **);

static int route_output(struct mbuf *, struct socket *);
static int rt_setmetrics(u_int32_t, struct rt_metrics *, struct rtentry *);
static void rt_getmetrics(struct rtentry *, struct rt_metrics *);
static void rt_setif(struct rtentry *, struct sockaddr *, struct sockaddr *,
    struct sockaddr *, unsigned int);
static int rt_xaddrs(caddr_t, caddr_t, struct rt_addrinfo *);
static struct mbuf *rt_msg1(int, struct rt_addrinfo *);
static int rt_msg2(int, struct rt_addrinfo *, caddr_t, struct walkarg *,
    kauth_cred_t *);
static int sysctl_dumpentry(struct radix_node *rn, void *vw);
static int sysctl_dumpentry_ext(struct radix_node *rn, void *vw);
static int sysctl_iflist(int af, struct walkarg *w);
static int sysctl_iflist2(int af, struct walkarg *w);
static int sysctl_rtstat(struct sysctl_req *);
static int sysctl_rttrash(struct sysctl_req *);
static int sysctl_rtsock SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS;

SYSCTL_NODE(_net, PF_ROUTE, routetable, CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_LOCKED,
	sysctl_rtsock, "");

SYSCTL_NODE(_net, OID_AUTO, route, CTLFLAG_RW|CTLFLAG_LOCKED, 0, "routing");

#define	ROUNDUP32(a)							\
	((a) > 0 ? (1 + (((a) - 1) | (sizeof (uint32_t) - 1))) :	\
	sizeof (uint32_t))

#define	ADVANCE32(x, n)							\
	(x += ROUNDUP32((n)->sa_len))

/*
 * It really doesn't make any sense at all for this code to share much
 * with raw_usrreq.c, since its functionality is so restricted.  XXX
 */
static int
rts_abort(struct socket *so)
{
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_abort(so));
}

/* pru_accept is EOPNOTSUPP */

static int
rts_attach(struct socket *so, int proto, struct proc *p)
{
#pragma unused(p)
	struct rawcb *rp;
	int error;

	VERIFY(so->so_pcb == NULL);

	MALLOC(rp, struct rawcb *, sizeof (*rp), M_PCB, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
	if (rp == NULL)
		return (ENOBUFS);

	so->so_pcb = (caddr_t)rp;
	/* don't use raw_usrreqs.pru_attach, it checks for SS_PRIV */
	error = raw_attach(so, proto);
	rp = sotorawcb(so);
	if (error) {
		FREE(rp, M_PCB);
		so->so_pcb = NULL;
		so->so_flags |= SOF_PCBCLEARING;
		return (error);
	}

	switch (rp->rcb_proto.sp_protocol) {
	case AF_INET:
		atomic_add_32(&route_cb.ip_count, 1);
		break;
	case AF_INET6:
		atomic_add_32(&route_cb.ip6_count, 1);
		break;
	}
	rp->rcb_faddr = &route_src;
	atomic_add_32(&route_cb.any_count, 1);
	/* the socket is already locked when we enter rts_attach */
	soisconnected(so);
	so->so_options |= SO_USELOOPBACK;
	return (0);
}

static int
rts_bind(struct socket *so, struct sockaddr *nam, struct proc *p)
{
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_bind(so, nam, p)); /* xxx just EINVAL */
}

static int
rts_connect(struct socket *so, struct sockaddr *nam, struct proc *p)
{
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_connect(so, nam, p)); /* XXX just EINVAL */
}

/* pru_connect2 is EOPNOTSUPP */
/* pru_control is EOPNOTSUPP */

static int
rts_detach(struct socket *so)
{
	struct rawcb *rp = sotorawcb(so);

	VERIFY(rp != NULL);

	switch (rp->rcb_proto.sp_protocol) {
	case AF_INET:
		atomic_add_32(&route_cb.ip_count, -1);
		break;
	case AF_INET6:
		atomic_add_32(&route_cb.ip6_count, -1);
		break;
	}
	atomic_add_32(&route_cb.any_count, -1);
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_detach(so));
}

static int
rts_disconnect(struct socket *so)
{
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_disconnect(so));
}

/* pru_listen is EOPNOTSUPP */

static int
rts_peeraddr(struct socket *so, struct sockaddr **nam)
{
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_peeraddr(so, nam));
}

/* pru_rcvd is EOPNOTSUPP */
/* pru_rcvoob is EOPNOTSUPP */

static int
rts_send(struct socket *so, int flags, struct mbuf *m, struct sockaddr *nam,
    struct mbuf *control, struct proc *p)
{
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_send(so, flags, m, nam, control, p));
}

/* pru_sense is null */

static int
rts_shutdown(struct socket *so)
{
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_shutdown(so));
}

static int
rts_sockaddr(struct socket *so, struct sockaddr **nam)
{
	return (raw_usrreqs.pru_sockaddr(so, nam));
}

static struct pr_usrreqs route_usrreqs = {
	.pru_abort =		rts_abort,
	.pru_attach =		rts_attach,
	.pru_bind =		rts_bind,
	.pru_connect =		rts_connect,
	.pru_detach =		rts_detach,
	.pru_disconnect =	rts_disconnect,
	.pru_peeraddr =		rts_peeraddr,
	.pru_send =		rts_send,
	.pru_shutdown =		rts_shutdown,
	.pru_sockaddr =		rts_sockaddr,
	.pru_sosend =		sosend,
	.pru_soreceive =	soreceive,
};

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
route_output(struct mbuf *m, struct socket *so)
{
	struct rt_msghdr *rtm = NULL;
	struct rtentry *rt = NULL;
	struct rtentry *saved_nrt = NULL;
	struct radix_node_head *rnh;
	struct rt_addrinfo info;
	int len, error = 0;
	sa_family_t dst_sa_family = 0;
	struct ifnet *ifp = NULL;
	struct sockaddr_in dst_in, gate_in;
	int sendonlytoself = 0;
	unsigned int ifscope = IFSCOPE_NONE;
	struct rawcb *rp = NULL;

#define	senderr(e) { error = (e); goto flush; }
	if (m == NULL || ((m->m_len < sizeof (intptr_t)) &&
	    (m = m_pullup(m, sizeof (intptr_t))) == NULL))
		return (ENOBUFS);
	VERIFY(m->m_flags & M_PKTHDR);

	/*
	 * Unlock the socket (but keep a reference) it won't be
	 * accessed until raw_input appends to it.
	 */
	socket_unlock(so, 0);
	lck_mtx_lock(rnh_lock);

	len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
	if (len < sizeof (*rtm) ||
	    len != mtod(m, struct rt_msghdr *)->rtm_msglen) {
		info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = NULL;
		senderr(EINVAL);
	}
	R_Malloc(rtm, struct rt_msghdr *, len);
	if (rtm == NULL) {
		info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = NULL;
		senderr(ENOBUFS);
	}
	m_copydata(m, 0, len, (caddr_t)rtm);
	if (rtm->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION) {
		info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = NULL;
		senderr(EPROTONOSUPPORT);
	}

	/*
	 * Silent version of RTM_GET for Reachabiltiy APIs. We may change
	 * all RTM_GETs to be silent in the future, so this is private for now.
	 */
	if (rtm->rtm_type == RTM_GET_SILENT) {
		if (!(so->so_options & SO_USELOOPBACK))
			senderr(EINVAL);
		sendonlytoself = 1;
		rtm->rtm_type = RTM_GET;
	}

	/*
	 * Perform permission checking, only privileged sockets
	 * may perform operations other than RTM_GET
	 */
	if (rtm->rtm_type != RTM_GET && !(so->so_state & SS_PRIV)) {
		info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = NULL;
		senderr(EPERM);
	}

	rtm->rtm_pid = proc_selfpid();
	info.rti_addrs = rtm->rtm_addrs;
	if (rt_xaddrs((caddr_t)(rtm + 1), len + (caddr_t)rtm, &info)) {
		info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = NULL;
		senderr(EINVAL);
	}
	if (info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] == NULL ||
	    info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_family >= AF_MAX ||
	    (info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] != NULL &&
	    info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY]->sa_family >= AF_MAX))
		senderr(EINVAL);

	if (info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_family == AF_INET &&
	    info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_len != sizeof (dst_in)) {
		/* At minimum, we need up to sin_addr */
		if (info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_len <
		    offsetof(struct sockaddr_in, sin_zero))
			senderr(EINVAL);
		bzero(&dst_in, sizeof (dst_in));
		dst_in.sin_len = sizeof (dst_in);
		dst_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
		dst_in.sin_port = SIN(info.rti_info[RTAX_DST])->sin_port;
		dst_in.sin_addr = SIN(info.rti_info[RTAX_DST])->sin_addr;
		info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = (struct sockaddr *)&dst_in;
		dst_sa_family = info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_family;
	}

	if (info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] != NULL &&
	    info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY]->sa_family == AF_INET &&
	    info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY]->sa_len != sizeof (gate_in)) {
		/* At minimum, we need up to sin_addr */
		if (info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY]->sa_len <
		    offsetof(struct sockaddr_in, sin_zero))
			senderr(EINVAL);
		bzero(&gate_in, sizeof (gate_in));
		gate_in.sin_len = sizeof (gate_in);
		gate_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
		gate_in.sin_port = SIN(info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY])->sin_port;
		gate_in.sin_addr = SIN(info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY])->sin_addr;
		info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] = (struct sockaddr *)&gate_in;
	}

	if (info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK]) {
		struct radix_node *t;
		t = rn_addmask((caddr_t)info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK], 0, 1);
		if (t != NULL && Bcmp(info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK],
		    t->rn_key, *(u_char *)info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK]) == 0)
			info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK] =
			    (struct sockaddr *)(t->rn_key);
		else
			senderr(ENOBUFS);
	}

	/*
	 * If RTF_IFSCOPE flag is set, then rtm_index specifies the scope.
	 */
	if (rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_IFSCOPE) {
		if (info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_family != AF_INET &&
		    info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_family != AF_INET6)
			senderr(EINVAL);
		ifscope = rtm->rtm_index;
	}

	/*
	 * RTF_PROXY can only be set internally from within the kernel.
	 */
	if (rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_PROXY)
		senderr(EINVAL);

	/*
	 * For AF_INET, always zero out the embedded scope ID.  If this is
	 * a scoped request, it must be done explicitly by setting RTF_IFSCOPE
	 * flag and the corresponding rtm_index value.  This is to prevent
	 * false interpretation of the scope ID because it's using the sin_zero
	 * field, which might not be properly cleared by the requestor.
	 */
	if (info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_family == AF_INET)
		sin_set_ifscope(info.rti_info[RTAX_DST], IFSCOPE_NONE);
	if (info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] != NULL &&
	    info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY]->sa_family == AF_INET)
		sin_set_ifscope(info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY], IFSCOPE_NONE);

	switch (rtm->rtm_type) {
	case RTM_ADD:
		if (info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] == NULL)
			senderr(EINVAL);

		error = rtrequest_scoped_locked(RTM_ADD,
		    info.rti_info[RTAX_DST], info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY],
		    info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK], rtm->rtm_flags, &saved_nrt,
		    ifscope);
		if (error == 0 && saved_nrt != NULL) {
			RT_LOCK(saved_nrt);
			/*
			 * If the route request specified an interface with
			 * IFA and/or IFP, we set the requested interface on
			 * the route with rt_setif.  It would be much better
			 * to do this inside rtrequest, but that would
			 * require passing the desired interface, in some
			 * form, to rtrequest.  Since rtrequest is called in
			 * so many places (roughly 40 in our source), adding
			 * a parameter is to much for us to swallow; this is
			 * something for the FreeBSD developers to tackle.
			 * Instead, we let rtrequest compute whatever
			 * interface it wants, then come in behind it and
			 * stick in the interface that we really want.  This
			 * works reasonably well except when rtrequest can't
			 * figure out what interface to use (with
			 * ifa_withroute) and returns ENETUNREACH.  Ideally
			 * it shouldn't matter if rtrequest can't figure out
			 * the interface if we're going to explicitly set it
			 * ourselves anyway.  But practically we can't
			 * recover here because rtrequest will not do any of
			 * the work necessary to add the route if it can't
			 * find an interface.  As long as there is a default
			 * route that leads to some interface, rtrequest will
			 * find an interface, so this problem should be
			 * rarely encountered.
			 * dwiggins@bbn.com
			 */
			rt_setif(saved_nrt,
			    info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP], info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA],
			    info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY], ifscope);
			(void)rt_setmetrics(rtm->rtm_inits, &rtm->rtm_rmx, saved_nrt);
			saved_nrt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks &= ~(rtm->rtm_inits);
			saved_nrt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks |=
			    (rtm->rtm_inits & rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_locks);
			saved_nrt->rt_genmask = info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK];
			RT_REMREF_LOCKED(saved_nrt);
			RT_UNLOCK(saved_nrt);
		}
		break;

	case RTM_DELETE:
		error = rtrequest_scoped_locked(RTM_DELETE,
		    info.rti_info[RTAX_DST], info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY],
		    info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK], rtm->rtm_flags, &saved_nrt,
		    ifscope);
		if (error == 0) {
			rt = saved_nrt;
			RT_LOCK(rt);
			goto report;
		}
		break;

	case RTM_GET:
	case RTM_CHANGE:
	case RTM_LOCK:
		rnh = rt_tables[info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_family];
		if (rnh == NULL)
			senderr(EAFNOSUPPORT);
		/*
		 * Lookup the best match based on the key-mask pair;
		 * callee adds a reference and checks for root node.
		 */
		rt = rt_lookup(TRUE, info.rti_info[RTAX_DST],
		    info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK], rnh, ifscope);
		if (rt == NULL)
			senderr(ESRCH);
		RT_LOCK(rt);

		/*
		 * Holding rnh_lock here prevents the possibility of
		 * ifa from changing (e.g. in_ifinit), so it is safe
		 * to access its ifa_addr (down below) without locking.
		 */
		switch (rtm->rtm_type) {
		case RTM_GET: {
			struct ifaddr *ifa2;
report:
			ifa2 = NULL;
			RT_LOCK_ASSERT_HELD(rt);
			info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = rt_key(rt);
			dst_sa_family = info.rti_info[RTAX_DST]->sa_family;
			info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] = rt->rt_gateway;
			info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] = rt_mask(rt);
			info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK] = rt->rt_genmask;
			if (rtm->rtm_addrs & (RTA_IFP | RTA_IFA)) {
				ifp = rt->rt_ifp;
				if (ifp != NULL) {
					ifnet_lock_shared(ifp);
					ifa2 = ifp->if_lladdr;
					info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] =
					    ifa2->ifa_addr;
					IFA_ADDREF(ifa2);
					ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
					info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] =
					    rt->rt_ifa->ifa_addr;
					rtm->rtm_index = ifp->if_index;
				} else {
					info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = NULL;
					info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] = NULL;
				}
			} else if ((ifp = rt->rt_ifp) != NULL) {
				rtm->rtm_index = ifp->if_index;
			}
			if (ifa2 != NULL)
				IFA_LOCK(ifa2);
			len = rt_msg2(rtm->rtm_type, &info, NULL, NULL, NULL);
			if (ifa2 != NULL)
				IFA_UNLOCK(ifa2);
			if (len > rtm->rtm_msglen) {
				struct rt_msghdr *new_rtm;
				R_Malloc(new_rtm, struct rt_msghdr *, len);
				if (new_rtm == NULL) {
					RT_UNLOCK(rt);
					if (ifa2 != NULL)
						IFA_REMREF(ifa2);
					senderr(ENOBUFS);
				}
				Bcopy(rtm, new_rtm, rtm->rtm_msglen);
				R_Free(rtm); rtm = new_rtm;
			}
			if (ifa2 != NULL)
				IFA_LOCK(ifa2);
			(void) rt_msg2(rtm->rtm_type, &info, (caddr_t)rtm,
			    NULL, NULL);
			if (ifa2 != NULL)
				IFA_UNLOCK(ifa2);
			rtm->rtm_flags = rt->rt_flags;
			rt_getmetrics(rt, &rtm->rtm_rmx);
			rtm->rtm_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
			if (ifa2 != NULL)
				IFA_REMREF(ifa2);
			break;
		}

		case RTM_CHANGE:
			if (info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] != NULL &&
			    (error = rt_setgate(rt, rt_key(rt),
			    info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY]))) {
				int tmp = error;
				RT_UNLOCK(rt);
				senderr(tmp);
			}
			/*
			 * If they tried to change things but didn't specify
			 * the required gateway, then just use the old one.
			 * This can happen if the user tries to change the
			 * flags on the default route without changing the
			 * default gateway.  Changing flags still doesn't work.
			 */
			if ((rt->rt_flags & RTF_GATEWAY) &&
			    info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] == NULL)
				info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] = rt->rt_gateway;

			/*
			 * On Darwin, we call rt_setif which contains the
			 * equivalent to the code found at this very spot
			 * in BSD.
			 */
			rt_setif(rt,
			    info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP], info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA],
			    info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY], ifscope);

			if ((error = rt_setmetrics(rtm->rtm_inits,
			    &rtm->rtm_rmx, rt))) {
				 int tmp = error;
				 RT_UNLOCK(rt);
				 senderr(tmp);
			}
			if (info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK])
				rt->rt_genmask = info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK];
			/* FALLTHRU */
		case RTM_LOCK:
			rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks &= ~(rtm->rtm_inits);
			rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks |=
			    (rtm->rtm_inits & rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_locks);
			break;
		}
		RT_UNLOCK(rt);
		break;

	default:
		senderr(EOPNOTSUPP);
	}
flush:
	if (rtm != NULL) {
		if (error)
			rtm->rtm_errno = error;
		else
			rtm->rtm_flags |= RTF_DONE;
	}
	if (rt != NULL) {
		RT_LOCK_ASSERT_NOTHELD(rt);
		rtfree_locked(rt);
	}
	lck_mtx_unlock(rnh_lock);

	/* relock the socket now */
	socket_lock(so, 0);
	/*
	 * Check to see if we don't want our own messages.
	 */
	if (!(so->so_options & SO_USELOOPBACK)) {
		if (route_cb.any_count <= 1) {
			if (rtm != NULL)
				R_Free(rtm);
			m_freem(m);
			return (error);
		}
		/* There is another listener, so construct message */
		rp = sotorawcb(so);
	}
	if (rtm != NULL) {
		m_copyback(m, 0, rtm->rtm_msglen, (caddr_t)rtm);
		if (m->m_pkthdr.len < rtm->rtm_msglen) {
			m_freem(m);
			m = NULL;
		} else if (m->m_pkthdr.len > rtm->rtm_msglen) {
			m_adj(m, rtm->rtm_msglen - m->m_pkthdr.len);
		}
		R_Free(rtm);
	}
	if (sendonlytoself && m != NULL) {
		error = 0;
		if (sbappendaddr(&so->so_rcv, &route_src, m,
		    NULL, &error) != 0) {
			sorwakeup(so);
		}
		if (error)
			return (error);
	} else {
		struct sockproto route_proto = { PF_ROUTE, 0 };
		if (rp != NULL)
			rp->rcb_proto.sp_family = 0; /* Avoid us */
		if (dst_sa_family != 0)
			route_proto.sp_protocol = dst_sa_family;
		if (m != NULL) {
			socket_unlock(so, 0);
			raw_input(m, &route_proto, &route_src, &route_dst);
			socket_lock(so, 0);
		}
		if (rp != NULL)
			rp->rcb_proto.sp_family = PF_ROUTE;
	}
	return (error);
}

void
rt_setexpire(struct rtentry *rt, uint64_t expiry)
{
	/* set both rt_expire and rmx_expire */
	rt->rt_expire = expiry;
	if (expiry) {
		rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire = expiry + rt->base_calendartime -
		    rt->base_uptime;
	} else {
		rt->rt_rmx.rmx_expire = 0;
	}
}

static int
rt_setmetrics(u_int32_t which, struct rt_metrics *in, struct rtentry *out)
{
	if (!(which & RTV_REFRESH_HOST)) {
		struct timeval caltime;
		getmicrotime(&caltime);
#define	metric(f, e) if (which & (f)) out->rt_rmx.e = in->e;
		metric(RTV_RPIPE, rmx_recvpipe);
		metric(RTV_SPIPE, rmx_sendpipe);
		metric(RTV_SSTHRESH, rmx_ssthresh);
		metric(RTV_RTT, rmx_rtt);
		metric(RTV_RTTVAR, rmx_rttvar);
		metric(RTV_HOPCOUNT, rmx_hopcount);
		metric(RTV_MTU, rmx_mtu);
		metric(RTV_EXPIRE, rmx_expire);
#undef metric
		if (out->rt_rmx.rmx_expire > 0) {
			/* account for system time change */
			getmicrotime(&caltime);
			out->base_calendartime +=
				NET_CALCULATE_CLOCKSKEW(caltime,
						out->base_calendartime,
						net_uptime(), out->base_uptime);
			rt_setexpire(out,
					out->rt_rmx.rmx_expire -
					out->base_calendartime +
					out->base_uptime);
		} else {
			rt_setexpire(out, 0);
		}

		VERIFY(out->rt_expire == 0 || out->rt_rmx.rmx_expire != 0);
		VERIFY(out->rt_expire != 0 || out->rt_rmx.rmx_expire == 0);
	} else {
		/* Only RTV_REFRESH_HOST must be set */
		if ((which & ~RTV_REFRESH_HOST) ||
		    (out->rt_flags & RTF_STATIC) ||
		    !(out->rt_flags & RTF_LLINFO)) {
			return (EINVAL);
		}

		if (out->rt_llinfo_refresh == NULL) {
			return (ENOTSUP);
		}

		out->rt_llinfo_refresh(out);
	}
	return (0);
}

static void
rt_getmetrics(struct rtentry *in, struct rt_metrics *out)
{
	struct timeval caltime;

	VERIFY(in->rt_expire == 0 || in->rt_rmx.rmx_expire != 0);
	VERIFY(in->rt_expire != 0 || in->rt_rmx.rmx_expire == 0);

	*out = in->rt_rmx;

	if (in->rt_expire != 0) {
		/* account for system time change */
		getmicrotime(&caltime);

		in->base_calendartime +=
		    NET_CALCULATE_CLOCKSKEW(caltime,
		    in->base_calendartime, net_uptime(), in->base_uptime);

		out->rmx_expire = in->base_calendartime +
		    in->rt_expire - in->base_uptime;
	} else {
		out->rmx_expire = 0;
	}
}

/*
 * Set route's interface given info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP],
 * info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA], and gateway.
 */
static void
rt_setif(struct rtentry *rt, struct sockaddr *Ifpaddr, struct sockaddr *Ifaaddr,
    struct sockaddr *Gate, unsigned int ifscope)
{
	struct ifaddr *ifa = NULL;
	struct ifnet *ifp = NULL;
	void (*ifa_rtrequest)(int, struct rtentry *, struct sockaddr *);

	lck_mtx_assert(rnh_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);

	RT_LOCK_ASSERT_HELD(rt);

	/* Don't update a defunct route */
	if (rt->rt_flags & RTF_CONDEMNED)
		return;

	/* Add an extra ref for ourselves */
	RT_ADDREF_LOCKED(rt);

	/* Become a regular mutex, just in case */
	RT_CONVERT_LOCK(rt);

	/*
	 * New gateway could require new ifaddr, ifp; flags may also
	 * be different; ifp may be specified by ll sockaddr when
	 * protocol address is ambiguous.
	 */
	if (Ifpaddr && (ifa = ifa_ifwithnet_scoped(Ifpaddr, ifscope)) &&
	    (ifp = ifa->ifa_ifp) && (Ifaaddr || Gate)) {
		IFA_REMREF(ifa);
		ifa = ifaof_ifpforaddr(Ifaaddr ? Ifaaddr : Gate, ifp);
	} else {
		if (ifa != NULL) {
			IFA_REMREF(ifa);
			ifa = NULL;
		}
		if (Ifpaddr && (ifp = if_withname(Ifpaddr))) {
			if (Gate) {
				ifa = ifaof_ifpforaddr(Gate, ifp);
			} else {
				ifnet_lock_shared(ifp);
				ifa = TAILQ_FIRST(&ifp->if_addrhead);
				if (ifa != NULL)
					IFA_ADDREF(ifa);
				ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
			}
		} else if (Ifaaddr &&
		    (ifa = ifa_ifwithaddr_scoped(Ifaaddr, ifscope))) {
			ifp = ifa->ifa_ifp;
		} else if (Gate != NULL) {
			/*
			 * Safe to drop rt_lock and use rt_key, since holding
			 * rnh_lock here prevents another thread from calling
			 * rt_setgate() on this route.  We cannot hold the
			 * lock across ifa_ifwithroute since the lookup done
			 * by that routine may point to the same route.
			 */
			RT_UNLOCK(rt);
			if ((ifa = ifa_ifwithroute_scoped_locked(rt->rt_flags,
			    rt_key(rt), Gate, ifscope)) != NULL)
				ifp = ifa->ifa_ifp;
			RT_LOCK(rt);
			/* Don't update a defunct route */
			if (rt->rt_flags & RTF_CONDEMNED) {
				if (ifa != NULL)
					IFA_REMREF(ifa);
				/* Release extra ref */
				RT_REMREF_LOCKED(rt);
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	/* trigger route cache reevaluation */
	if (rt_key(rt)->sa_family == AF_INET)
		routegenid_inet_update();
#if INET6
	else if (rt_key(rt)->sa_family == AF_INET6)
		routegenid_inet6_update();
#endif /* INET6 */

	if (ifa != NULL) {
		struct ifaddr *oifa = rt->rt_ifa;
		if (oifa != ifa) {
			if (oifa != NULL) {
				IFA_LOCK_SPIN(oifa);
				ifa_rtrequest = oifa->ifa_rtrequest;
				IFA_UNLOCK(oifa);
				if (ifa_rtrequest != NULL)
					ifa_rtrequest(RTM_DELETE, rt, Gate);
			}
			rtsetifa(rt, ifa);

			if (rt->rt_ifp != ifp) {
				/*
				 * Purge any link-layer info caching.
				 */
				if (rt->rt_llinfo_purge != NULL)
					rt->rt_llinfo_purge(rt);

				/*
				 * Adjust route ref count for the interfaces.
				 */
				if (rt->rt_if_ref_fn != NULL) {
					rt->rt_if_ref_fn(ifp, 1);
					rt->rt_if_ref_fn(rt->rt_ifp, -1);
				}
			}
			rt->rt_ifp = ifp;
			/*
			 * If this is the (non-scoped) default route, record
			 * the interface index used for the primary ifscope.
			 */
			if (rt_primary_default(rt, rt_key(rt))) {
				set_primary_ifscope(rt_key(rt)->sa_family,
				    rt->rt_ifp->if_index);
			}
			/*
			 * If rmx_mtu is not locked, update it
			 * to the MTU used by the new interface.
			 */
			if (!(rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks & RTV_MTU))
				rt->rt_rmx.rmx_mtu = rt->rt_ifp->if_mtu;

			if (rt->rt_ifa != NULL) {
				IFA_LOCK_SPIN(rt->rt_ifa);
				ifa_rtrequest = rt->rt_ifa->ifa_rtrequest;
				IFA_UNLOCK(rt->rt_ifa);
				if (ifa_rtrequest != NULL)
					ifa_rtrequest(RTM_ADD, rt, Gate);
			}
			IFA_REMREF(ifa);
			/* Release extra ref */
			RT_REMREF_LOCKED(rt);
			return;
		}
		IFA_REMREF(ifa);
		ifa = NULL;
	}

	/* XXX: to reset gateway to correct value, at RTM_CHANGE */
	if (rt->rt_ifa != NULL) {
		IFA_LOCK_SPIN(rt->rt_ifa);
		ifa_rtrequest = rt->rt_ifa->ifa_rtrequest;
		IFA_UNLOCK(rt->rt_ifa);
		if (ifa_rtrequest != NULL)
			ifa_rtrequest(RTM_ADD, rt, Gate);
	}

	/*
	 * Workaround for local address routes pointing to the loopback
	 * interface added by configd, until <rdar://problem/12970142>.
	 */
	if ((rt->rt_ifp->if_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK) &&
	    (rt->rt_flags & RTF_HOST) && rt->rt_ifa->ifa_ifp == rt->rt_ifp) {
		ifa = ifa_ifwithaddr(rt_key(rt));
		if (ifa != NULL) {
			if (ifa != rt->rt_ifa)
				rtsetifa(rt, ifa);
			IFA_REMREF(ifa);
		}
	}

	/* Release extra ref */
	RT_REMREF_LOCKED(rt);
}

/*
 * Extract the addresses of the passed sockaddrs.
 * Do a little sanity checking so as to avoid bad memory references.
 * This data is derived straight from userland.
 */
static int
rt_xaddrs(caddr_t cp, caddr_t cplim, struct rt_addrinfo *rtinfo)
{
	struct sockaddr *sa;
	int i;

	bzero(rtinfo->rti_info, sizeof (rtinfo->rti_info));
	for (i = 0; (i < RTAX_MAX) && (cp < cplim); i++) {
		if ((rtinfo->rti_addrs & (1 << i)) == 0)
			continue;
		sa = (struct sockaddr *)cp;
		/*
		 * It won't fit.
		 */
		if ((cp + sa->sa_len) > cplim)
			return (EINVAL);
		/*
		 * there are no more.. quit now
		 * If there are more bits, they are in error.
		 * I've seen this. route(1) can evidently generate these.
		 * This causes kernel to core dump.
		 * for compatibility, If we see this, point to a safe address.
		 */
		if (sa->sa_len == 0) {
			rtinfo->rti_info[i] = &sa_zero;
			return (0); /* should be EINVAL but for compat */
		}
		/* accept it */
		rtinfo->rti_info[i] = sa;
		ADVANCE32(cp, sa);
	}
	return (0);
}

static struct mbuf *
rt_msg1(int type, struct rt_addrinfo *rtinfo)
{
	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
	struct mbuf *m;
	int i;
	int len, dlen, off;

	switch (type) {

	case RTM_DELADDR:
	case RTM_NEWADDR:
		len = sizeof (struct ifa_msghdr);
		break;

	case RTM_DELMADDR:
	case RTM_NEWMADDR:
		len = sizeof (struct ifma_msghdr);
		break;

	case RTM_IFINFO:
		len = sizeof (struct if_msghdr);
		break;

	default:
		len = sizeof (struct rt_msghdr);
	}
	m = m_gethdr(M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
	if (m && len > MHLEN) {
		MCLGET(m, M_DONTWAIT);
		if (!(m->m_flags & M_EXT)) {
			m_free(m);
			m = NULL;
		}
	}
	if (m == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	m->m_pkthdr.len = m->m_len = len;
	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = NULL;
	rtm = mtod(m, struct rt_msghdr *);
	bzero((caddr_t)rtm, len);
	off = len;
	for (i = 0; i < RTAX_MAX; i++) {
		struct sockaddr *sa, *hint;
		uint8_t ssbuf[SOCK_MAXADDRLEN + 1];

		/*
		 * Make sure to accomodate the largest possible size of sa_len.
		 */
		_CASSERT(sizeof (ssbuf) == (SOCK_MAXADDRLEN + 1));

		if ((sa = rtinfo->rti_info[i]) == NULL)
			continue;

		switch (i) {
		case RTAX_DST:
		case RTAX_NETMASK:
			if ((hint = rtinfo->rti_info[RTAX_DST]) == NULL)
				hint = rtinfo->rti_info[RTAX_IFA];

			/* Scrub away any trace of embedded interface scope */
			sa = rtm_scrub(type, i, hint, sa, &ssbuf,
			    sizeof (ssbuf), NULL);
			break;

		default:
			break;
		}

		rtinfo->rti_addrs |= (1 << i);
		dlen = sa->sa_len;
		m_copyback(m, off, dlen, (caddr_t)sa);
		len = off + dlen;
		off += ROUNDUP32(dlen);
	}
	if (m->m_pkthdr.len != len) {
		m_freem(m);
		return (NULL);
	}
	rtm->rtm_msglen = len;
	rtm->rtm_version = RTM_VERSION;
	rtm->rtm_type = type;
	return (m);
}

static int
rt_msg2(int type, struct rt_addrinfo *rtinfo, caddr_t cp, struct walkarg *w,
	kauth_cred_t* credp)
{
	int i;
	int len, dlen, rlen, second_time = 0;
	caddr_t cp0;

	rtinfo->rti_addrs = 0;
again:
	switch (type) {

	case RTM_DELADDR:
	case RTM_NEWADDR:
		len = sizeof (struct ifa_msghdr);
		break;

	case RTM_DELMADDR:
	case RTM_NEWMADDR:
		len = sizeof (struct ifma_msghdr);
		break;

	case RTM_IFINFO:
		len = sizeof (struct if_msghdr);
		break;

	case RTM_IFINFO2:
		len = sizeof (struct if_msghdr2);
		break;

	case RTM_NEWMADDR2:
		len = sizeof (struct ifma_msghdr2);
		break;

	case RTM_GET_EXT:
		len = sizeof (struct rt_msghdr_ext);
		break;

	case RTM_GET2:
		len = sizeof (struct rt_msghdr2);
		break;

	default:
		len = sizeof (struct rt_msghdr);
	}
	cp0 = cp;
	if (cp0)
		cp += len;
	for (i = 0; i < RTAX_MAX; i++) {
		struct sockaddr *sa, *hint;
		uint8_t ssbuf[SOCK_MAXADDRLEN + 1];

		/*
		 * Make sure to accomodate the largest possible size of sa_len.
		 */
		_CASSERT(sizeof (ssbuf) == (SOCK_MAXADDRLEN + 1));

		if ((sa = rtinfo->rti_info[i]) == NULL)
			continue;

		switch (i) {
		case RTAX_DST:
		case RTAX_NETMASK:
			if ((hint = rtinfo->rti_info[RTAX_DST]) == NULL)
				hint = rtinfo->rti_info[RTAX_IFA];

			/* Scrub away any trace of embedded interface scope */
			sa = rtm_scrub(type, i, hint, sa, &ssbuf,
			    sizeof (ssbuf), NULL);
			break;

		case RTAX_IFP:
			sa = rtm_scrub(type, i, NULL, sa, &ssbuf,
			    sizeof (ssbuf), credp);
			break;

		default:
			break;
		}

		rtinfo->rti_addrs |= (1 << i);
		dlen = sa->sa_len;
		rlen = ROUNDUP32(dlen);
		if (cp) {
			bcopy((caddr_t)sa, cp, (size_t)dlen);
			if (dlen != rlen)
				bzero(cp + dlen, rlen - dlen);
			cp += rlen;
		}
		len += rlen;
	}
	if (cp == NULL && w != NULL && !second_time) {
		struct walkarg *rw = w;

		if (rw->w_req != NULL) {
			if (rw->w_tmemsize < len) {
				if (rw->w_tmem != NULL)
					FREE(rw->w_tmem, M_RTABLE);
				rw->w_tmem = _MALLOC(len, M_RTABLE, M_WAITOK);
				if (rw->w_tmem != NULL)
					rw->w_tmemsize = len;
			}
			if (rw->w_tmem != NULL) {
				cp = rw->w_tmem;
				second_time = 1;
				goto again;
			}
		}
	}
	if (cp) {
		struct rt_msghdr *rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)cp0;

		rtm->rtm_version = RTM_VERSION;
		rtm->rtm_type = type;
		rtm->rtm_msglen = len;
	}
	return (len);
}

/*
 * This routine is called to generate a message from the routing
 * socket indicating that a redirect has occurred, a routing lookup
 * has failed, or that a protocol has detected timeouts to a particular
 * destination.
 */
void
rt_missmsg(int type, struct rt_addrinfo *rtinfo, int flags, int error)
{
	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
	struct mbuf *m;
	struct sockaddr *sa = rtinfo->rti_info[RTAX_DST];
	struct sockproto route_proto = { PF_ROUTE, 0 };

	if (route_cb.any_count == 0)
		return;
	m = rt_msg1(type, rtinfo);
	if (m == NULL)
		return;
	rtm = mtod(m, struct rt_msghdr *);
	rtm->rtm_flags = RTF_DONE | flags;
	rtm->rtm_errno = error;
	rtm->rtm_addrs = rtinfo->rti_addrs;
	route_proto.sp_family = sa ? sa->sa_family : 0;
	raw_input(m, &route_proto, &route_src, &route_dst);
}

/*
 * This routine is called to generate a message from the routing
 * socket indicating that the status of a network interface has changed.
 */
void
rt_ifmsg(struct ifnet *ifp)
{
	struct if_msghdr *ifm;
	struct mbuf *m;
	struct rt_addrinfo info;
	struct	sockproto route_proto = { PF_ROUTE, 0 };

	if (route_cb.any_count == 0)
		return;
	bzero((caddr_t)&info, sizeof (info));
	m = rt_msg1(RTM_IFINFO, &info);
	if (m == NULL)
		return;
	ifm = mtod(m, struct if_msghdr *);
	ifm->ifm_index = ifp->if_index;
	ifm->ifm_flags = (u_short)ifp->if_flags;
	if_data_internal_to_if_data(ifp, &ifp->if_data, &ifm->ifm_data);
	ifm->ifm_addrs = 0;
	raw_input(m, &route_proto, &route_src, &route_dst);
}

/*
 * This is called to generate messages from the routing socket
 * indicating a network interface has had addresses associated with it.
 * if we ever reverse the logic and replace messages TO the routing
 * socket indicate a request to configure interfaces, then it will
 * be unnecessary as the routing socket will automatically generate
 * copies of it.
 *
 * Since this is coming from the interface, it is expected that the
 * interface will be locked.  Caller must hold rnh_lock and rt_lock.
 */
void
rt_newaddrmsg(int cmd, struct ifaddr *ifa, int error, struct rtentry *rt)
{
	struct rt_addrinfo info;
	struct sockaddr *sa = 0;
	int pass;
	struct mbuf *m = 0;
	struct ifnet *ifp = ifa->ifa_ifp;
	struct sockproto route_proto = { PF_ROUTE, 0 };

	lck_mtx_assert(rnh_lock, LCK_MTX_ASSERT_OWNED);
	RT_LOCK_ASSERT_HELD(rt);

	if (route_cb.any_count == 0)
		return;

	/* Become a regular mutex, just in case */
	RT_CONVERT_LOCK(rt);
	for (pass = 1; pass < 3; pass++) {
		bzero((caddr_t)&info, sizeof (info));
		if ((cmd == RTM_ADD && pass == 1) ||
		    (cmd == RTM_DELETE && pass == 2)) {
			struct ifa_msghdr *ifam;
			int ncmd = cmd == RTM_ADD ? RTM_NEWADDR : RTM_DELADDR;

			/* Lock ifp for if_lladdr */
			ifnet_lock_shared(ifp);
			IFA_LOCK(ifa);
			info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] = sa = ifa->ifa_addr;
			/*
			 * Holding ifnet lock here prevents the link address
			 * from changing contents, so no need to hold its
			 * lock.  The link address is always present; it's
			 * never freed.
			 */
			info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = ifp->if_lladdr->ifa_addr;
			info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] = ifa->ifa_netmask;
			info.rti_info[RTAX_BRD] = ifa->ifa_dstaddr;
			if ((m = rt_msg1(ncmd, &info)) == NULL) {
				IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
				ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
				continue;
			}
			IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
			ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
			ifam = mtod(m, struct ifa_msghdr *);
			ifam->ifam_index = ifp->if_index;
			IFA_LOCK_SPIN(ifa);
			ifam->ifam_metric = ifa->ifa_metric;
			ifam->ifam_flags = ifa->ifa_flags;
			IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
			ifam->ifam_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
		}
		if ((cmd == RTM_ADD && pass == 2) ||
		    (cmd == RTM_DELETE && pass == 1)) {
			struct rt_msghdr *rtm;

			if (rt == NULL)
				continue;
			info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] = rt_mask(rt);
			info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = sa = rt_key(rt);
			info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] = rt->rt_gateway;
			if ((m = rt_msg1(cmd, &info)) == NULL)
				continue;
			rtm = mtod(m, struct rt_msghdr *);
			rtm->rtm_index = ifp->if_index;
			rtm->rtm_flags |= rt->rt_flags;
			rtm->rtm_errno = error;
			rtm->rtm_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
		}
		route_proto.sp_protocol = sa ? sa->sa_family : 0;
		raw_input(m, &route_proto, &route_src, &route_dst);
	}
}

/*
 * This is the analogue to the rt_newaddrmsg which performs the same
 * function but for multicast group memberhips.  This is easier since
 * there is no route state to worry about.
 */
void
rt_newmaddrmsg(int cmd, struct ifmultiaddr *ifma)
{
	struct rt_addrinfo info;
	struct mbuf *m = 0;
	struct ifnet *ifp = ifma->ifma_ifp;
	struct ifma_msghdr *ifmam;
	struct sockproto route_proto = { PF_ROUTE, 0 };

	if (route_cb.any_count == 0)
		return;

	/* Lock ifp for if_lladdr */
	ifnet_lock_shared(ifp);
	bzero((caddr_t)&info, sizeof (info));
	IFMA_LOCK(ifma);
	info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] = ifma->ifma_addr;
	/* lladdr doesn't need lock */
	info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = ifp->if_lladdr->ifa_addr;

	/*
	 * If a link-layer address is present, present it as a ``gateway''
	 * (similarly to how ARP entries, e.g., are presented).
	 */
	info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] = (ifma->ifma_ll != NULL) ?
	    ifma->ifma_ll->ifma_addr : NULL;
	if ((m = rt_msg1(cmd, &info)) == NULL) {
		IFMA_UNLOCK(ifma);
		ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
		return;
	}
	ifmam = mtod(m, struct ifma_msghdr *);
	ifmam->ifmam_index = ifp->if_index;
	ifmam->ifmam_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
	route_proto.sp_protocol = ifma->ifma_addr->sa_family;
	IFMA_UNLOCK(ifma);
	ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
	raw_input(m, &route_proto, &route_src, &route_dst);
}

const char *
rtm2str(int cmd)
{
	const char *c = "RTM_?";

	switch (cmd) {
	case RTM_ADD:
		c = "RTM_ADD";
		break;
	case RTM_DELETE:
		c = "RTM_DELETE";
		break;
	case RTM_CHANGE:
		c = "RTM_CHANGE";
		break;
	case RTM_GET:
		c = "RTM_GET";
		break;
	case RTM_LOSING:
		c = "RTM_LOSING";
		break;
	case RTM_REDIRECT:
		c = "RTM_REDIRECT";
		break;
	case RTM_MISS:
		c = "RTM_MISS";
		break;
	case RTM_LOCK:
		c = "RTM_LOCK";
		break;
	case RTM_OLDADD:
		c = "RTM_OLDADD";
		break;
	case RTM_OLDDEL:
		c = "RTM_OLDDEL";
		break;
	case RTM_RESOLVE:
		c = "RTM_RESOLVE";
		break;
	case RTM_NEWADDR:
		c = "RTM_NEWADDR";
		break;
	case RTM_DELADDR:
		c = "RTM_DELADDR";
		break;
	case RTM_IFINFO:
		c = "RTM_IFINFO";
		break;
	case RTM_NEWMADDR:
		c = "RTM_NEWMADDR";
		break;
	case RTM_DELMADDR:
		c = "RTM_DELMADDR";
		break;
	case RTM_GET_SILENT:
		c = "RTM_GET_SILENT";
		break;
	case RTM_IFINFO2:
		c = "RTM_IFINFO2";
		break;
	case RTM_NEWMADDR2:
		c = "RTM_NEWMADDR2";
		break;
	case RTM_GET2:
		c = "RTM_GET2";
		break;
	case RTM_GET_EXT:
		c = "RTM_GET_EXT";
		break;
	}

	return (c);
}

/*
 * This is used in dumping the kernel table via sysctl().
 */
static int
sysctl_dumpentry(struct radix_node *rn, void *vw)
{
	struct walkarg *w = vw;
	struct rtentry *rt = (struct rtentry *)rn;
	int error = 0, size;
	struct rt_addrinfo info;
	kauth_cred_t cred;

	cred = kauth_cred_proc_ref(current_proc());

	RT_LOCK(rt);
	if (w->w_op == NET_RT_FLAGS && !(rt->rt_flags & w->w_arg))
		goto done;
	bzero((caddr_t)&info, sizeof (info));
	info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = rt_key(rt);
	info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] = rt->rt_gateway;
	info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] = rt_mask(rt);
	info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK] = rt->rt_genmask;

	if (w->w_op != NET_RT_DUMP2) {
		size = rt_msg2(RTM_GET, &info, NULL, w, &cred);
		if (w->w_req != NULL && w->w_tmem != NULL) {
			struct rt_msghdr *rtm =
			    (struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)w->w_tmem;

			rtm->rtm_flags = rt->rt_flags;
			rtm->rtm_use = rt->rt_use;
			rt_getmetrics(rt, &rtm->rtm_rmx);
			rtm->rtm_index = rt->rt_ifp->if_index;
			rtm->rtm_pid = 0;
			rtm->rtm_seq = 0;
			rtm->rtm_errno = 0;
			rtm->rtm_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
			error = SYSCTL_OUT(w->w_req, (caddr_t)rtm, size);
		}
	} else {
		size = rt_msg2(RTM_GET2, &info, NULL, w, &cred);
		if (w->w_req != NULL && w->w_tmem != NULL) {
			struct rt_msghdr2 *rtm =
			    (struct rt_msghdr2 *)(void *)w->w_tmem;

			rtm->rtm_flags = rt->rt_flags;
			rtm->rtm_use = rt->rt_use;
			rt_getmetrics(rt, &rtm->rtm_rmx);
			rtm->rtm_index = rt->rt_ifp->if_index;
			rtm->rtm_refcnt = rt->rt_refcnt;
			if (rt->rt_parent)
				rtm->rtm_parentflags = rt->rt_parent->rt_flags;
			else
				rtm->rtm_parentflags = 0;
			rtm->rtm_reserved = 0;
			rtm->rtm_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
			error = SYSCTL_OUT(w->w_req, (caddr_t)rtm, size);
		}
	}

done:
	RT_UNLOCK(rt);
	kauth_cred_unref(&cred);
	return (error);
}

/*
 * This is used for dumping extended information from route entries.
 */
static int
sysctl_dumpentry_ext(struct radix_node *rn, void *vw)
{
	struct walkarg *w = vw;
	struct rtentry *rt = (struct rtentry *)rn;
	int error = 0, size;
	struct rt_addrinfo info;
	kauth_cred_t cred;

	cred = kauth_cred_proc_ref(current_proc());

	RT_LOCK(rt);
	if (w->w_op == NET_RT_DUMPX_FLAGS && !(rt->rt_flags & w->w_arg))
		goto done;
	bzero(&info, sizeof (info));
	info.rti_info[RTAX_DST] = rt_key(rt);
	info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] = rt->rt_gateway;
	info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] = rt_mask(rt);
	info.rti_info[RTAX_GENMASK] = rt->rt_genmask;

	size = rt_msg2(RTM_GET_EXT, &info, NULL, w, &cred);
	if (w->w_req != NULL && w->w_tmem != NULL) {
		struct rt_msghdr_ext *ertm =
		    (struct rt_msghdr_ext *)(void *)w->w_tmem;

		ertm->rtm_flags = rt->rt_flags;
		ertm->rtm_use = rt->rt_use;
		rt_getmetrics(rt, &ertm->rtm_rmx);
		ertm->rtm_index = rt->rt_ifp->if_index;
		ertm->rtm_pid = 0;
		ertm->rtm_seq = 0;
		ertm->rtm_errno = 0;
		ertm->rtm_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
		if (rt->rt_llinfo_get_ri == NULL) {
			bzero(&ertm->rtm_ri, sizeof (ertm->rtm_ri));
			ertm->rtm_ri.ri_rssi = IFNET_RSSI_UNKNOWN;
			ertm->rtm_ri.ri_lqm = IFNET_LQM_THRESH_OFF;
			ertm->rtm_ri.ri_npm = IFNET_NPM_THRESH_UNKNOWN;
		} else {
			rt->rt_llinfo_get_ri(rt, &ertm->rtm_ri);
		}
		error = SYSCTL_OUT(w->w_req, (caddr_t)ertm, size);
	}

done:
	RT_UNLOCK(rt);
	kauth_cred_unref(&cred);
	return (error);
}

/*
 * rdar://9307819
 * To avoid to call copyout() while holding locks and to cause problems
 * in the paging path, sysctl_iflist() and sysctl_iflist2() contstruct
 * the list in two passes. In the first pass we compute the total
 * length of the data we are going to copyout, then we release
 * all locks to allocate a temporary buffer that gets filled
 * in the second pass.
 *
 * Note that we are verifying the assumption that _MALLOC returns a buffer
 * that is at least 32 bits aligned and that the messages and addresses are
 * 32 bits aligned.
 */
static int
sysctl_iflist(int af, struct walkarg *w)
{
	struct ifnet *ifp;
	struct ifaddr *ifa;
	struct	rt_addrinfo info;
	int	len, error = 0;
	int	pass = 0;
	int	total_len = 0, current_len = 0;
	char	*total_buffer = NULL, *cp = NULL;
	kauth_cred_t cred;

	cred = kauth_cred_proc_ref(current_proc());

	bzero((caddr_t)&info, sizeof (info));

	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
		ifnet_head_lock_shared();

		TAILQ_FOREACH(ifp, &ifnet_head, if_link) {
			if (error)
				break;
			if (w->w_arg && w->w_arg != ifp->if_index)
				continue;
			ifnet_lock_shared(ifp);
			/*
			 * Holding ifnet lock here prevents the link address
			 * from changing contents, so no need to hold the ifa
			 * lock.  The link address is always present; it's
			 * never freed.
			 */
			ifa = ifp->if_lladdr;
			info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = ifa->ifa_addr;
			len = rt_msg2(RTM_IFINFO, &info, NULL, NULL, &cred);
			if (pass == 0) {
				total_len += len;
			} else {
				struct if_msghdr *ifm;

				if (current_len + len > total_len) {
					ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
					error = ENOBUFS;
					break;
				}
				info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = ifa->ifa_addr;
				len = rt_msg2(RTM_IFINFO, &info,
				    (caddr_t)cp, NULL, &cred);
				info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = NULL;

				ifm = (struct if_msghdr *)(void *)cp;
				ifm->ifm_index = ifp->if_index;
				ifm->ifm_flags = (u_short)ifp->if_flags;
				if_data_internal_to_if_data(ifp, &ifp->if_data,
				    &ifm->ifm_data);
				ifm->ifm_addrs = info.rti_addrs;

				cp += len;
				VERIFY(IS_P2ALIGNED(cp, sizeof (u_int32_t)));
				current_len += len;
			}
			while ((ifa = ifa->ifa_link.tqe_next) != NULL) {
				IFA_LOCK(ifa);
				if (af && af != ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family) {
					IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
					continue;
				}
				info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] = ifa->ifa_addr;
				info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] = ifa->ifa_netmask;
				info.rti_info[RTAX_BRD] = ifa->ifa_dstaddr;
				len = rt_msg2(RTM_NEWADDR, &info, NULL, NULL,
				    &cred);
				if (pass == 0) {
					total_len += len;
				} else {
					struct ifa_msghdr *ifam;

					if (current_len + len > total_len) {
						IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
						error = ENOBUFS;
						break;
					}
					len = rt_msg2(RTM_NEWADDR, &info,
					    (caddr_t)cp, NULL, &cred);

					ifam = (struct ifa_msghdr *)(void *)cp;
					ifam->ifam_index =
					    ifa->ifa_ifp->if_index;
					ifam->ifam_flags = ifa->ifa_flags;
					ifam->ifam_metric = ifa->ifa_metric;
					ifam->ifam_addrs = info.rti_addrs;

					cp += len;
					VERIFY(IS_P2ALIGNED(cp,
					    sizeof (u_int32_t)));
					current_len += len;
				}
				IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
			}
			ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
			info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] = info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] =
			    info.rti_info[RTAX_BRD] = NULL;
		}

		ifnet_head_done();

		if (error != 0) {
			if (error == ENOBUFS)
				printf("%s: current_len (%d) + len (%d) > "
				    "total_len (%d)\n", __func__, current_len,
				    len, total_len);
			break;
		}

		if (pass == 0) {
			/* Better to return zero length buffer than ENOBUFS */
			if (total_len == 0)
				total_len = 1;
			total_len += total_len >> 3;
			total_buffer = _MALLOC(total_len, M_RTABLE,
			    M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
			if (total_buffer == NULL) {
				printf("%s: _MALLOC(%d) failed\n", __func__,
				    total_len);
				error = ENOBUFS;
				break;
			}
			cp = total_buffer;
			VERIFY(IS_P2ALIGNED(cp, sizeof (u_int32_t)));
		} else {
			error = SYSCTL_OUT(w->w_req, total_buffer, current_len);
			if (error)
				break;
		}
	}

	if (total_buffer != NULL)
		_FREE(total_buffer, M_RTABLE);

	kauth_cred_unref(&cred);
	return (error);
}

static int
sysctl_iflist2(int af, struct walkarg *w)
{
	struct ifnet *ifp;
	struct ifaddr *ifa;
	struct	rt_addrinfo info;
	int	len, error = 0;
	int	pass = 0;
	int	total_len = 0, current_len = 0;
	char	*total_buffer = NULL, *cp = NULL;
	kauth_cred_t cred;

	cred = kauth_cred_proc_ref(current_proc());

	bzero((caddr_t)&info, sizeof (info));

	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
		struct ifmultiaddr *ifma;

		ifnet_head_lock_shared();

		TAILQ_FOREACH(ifp, &ifnet_head, if_link) {
			if (error)
				break;
			if (w->w_arg && w->w_arg != ifp->if_index)
				continue;
			ifnet_lock_shared(ifp);
			/*
			 * Holding ifnet lock here prevents the link address
			 * from changing contents, so no need to hold the ifa
			 * lock.  The link address is always present; it's
			 * never freed.
			 */
			ifa = ifp->if_lladdr;
			info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = ifa->ifa_addr;
			len = rt_msg2(RTM_IFINFO2, &info, NULL, NULL, &cred);
			if (pass == 0) {
				total_len += len;
			} else {
				struct if_msghdr2 *ifm;

				if (current_len + len > total_len) {
					ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
					error = ENOBUFS;
					break;
				}
				info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = ifa->ifa_addr;
				len = rt_msg2(RTM_IFINFO2, &info,
				    (caddr_t)cp, NULL, &cred);
				info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = NULL;

				ifm = (struct if_msghdr2 *)(void *)cp;
				ifm->ifm_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
				ifm->ifm_flags = (u_short)ifp->if_flags;
				ifm->ifm_index = ifp->if_index;
				ifm->ifm_snd_len = IFCQ_LEN(&ifp->if_snd);
				ifm->ifm_snd_maxlen = IFCQ_MAXLEN(&ifp->if_snd);
				ifm->ifm_snd_drops =
				    ifp->if_snd.ifcq_dropcnt.packets;
				ifm->ifm_timer = ifp->if_timer;
				if_data_internal_to_if_data64(ifp,
				    &ifp->if_data, &ifm->ifm_data);

				cp += len;
				VERIFY(IS_P2ALIGNED(cp, sizeof (u_int32_t)));
				current_len += len;
			}
			while ((ifa = ifa->ifa_link.tqe_next) != NULL) {
				IFA_LOCK(ifa);
				if (af && af != ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family) {
					IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
					continue;
				}
				info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] = ifa->ifa_addr;
				info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] = ifa->ifa_netmask;
				info.rti_info[RTAX_BRD] = ifa->ifa_dstaddr;
				len = rt_msg2(RTM_NEWADDR, &info, NULL, NULL,
				    &cred);
				if (pass == 0) {
					total_len += len;
				} else {
					struct ifa_msghdr *ifam;

					if (current_len + len > total_len) {
						IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
						error = ENOBUFS;
						break;
					}
					len = rt_msg2(RTM_NEWADDR, &info,
					    (caddr_t)cp, NULL, &cred);

					ifam = (struct ifa_msghdr *)(void *)cp;
					ifam->ifam_index =
					    ifa->ifa_ifp->if_index;
					ifam->ifam_flags = ifa->ifa_flags;
					ifam->ifam_metric = ifa->ifa_metric;
					ifam->ifam_addrs = info.rti_addrs;

					cp += len;
					VERIFY(IS_P2ALIGNED(cp,
					    sizeof (u_int32_t)));
					current_len += len;
				}
				IFA_UNLOCK(ifa);
			}
			if (error) {
				ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
				break;
			}

			for (ifma = LIST_FIRST(&ifp->if_multiaddrs);
			    ifma != NULL; ifma = LIST_NEXT(ifma, ifma_link)) {
				struct ifaddr *ifa0;

				IFMA_LOCK(ifma);
				if (af && af != ifma->ifma_addr->sa_family) {
					IFMA_UNLOCK(ifma);
					continue;
				}
				bzero((caddr_t)&info, sizeof (info));
				info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] = ifma->ifma_addr;
				/*
				 * Holding ifnet lock here prevents the link
				 * address from changing contents, so no need
				 * to hold the ifa0 lock.  The link address is
				 * always present; it's never freed.
				 */
				ifa0 = ifp->if_lladdr;
				info.rti_info[RTAX_IFP] = ifa0->ifa_addr;
				if (ifma->ifma_ll != NULL)
					info.rti_info[RTAX_GATEWAY] =
					    ifma->ifma_ll->ifma_addr;
				len = rt_msg2(RTM_NEWMADDR2, &info, NULL, NULL,
				    &cred);
				if (pass == 0) {
					total_len += len;
				} else {
					struct ifma_msghdr2 *ifmam;

					if (current_len + len > total_len) {
						IFMA_UNLOCK(ifma);
						error = ENOBUFS;
						break;
					}
					len = rt_msg2(RTM_NEWMADDR2, &info,
					    (caddr_t)cp, NULL, &cred);

					ifmam =
					    (struct ifma_msghdr2 *)(void *)cp;
					ifmam->ifmam_addrs = info.rti_addrs;
					ifmam->ifmam_flags = 0;
					ifmam->ifmam_index =
					    ifma->ifma_ifp->if_index;
					ifmam->ifmam_refcount =
					    ifma->ifma_reqcnt;

					cp += len;
					VERIFY(IS_P2ALIGNED(cp,
					    sizeof (u_int32_t)));
					current_len += len;
				}
				IFMA_UNLOCK(ifma);
			}
			ifnet_lock_done(ifp);
			info.rti_info[RTAX_IFA] = info.rti_info[RTAX_NETMASK] =
			    info.rti_info[RTAX_BRD] = NULL;
		}
		ifnet_head_done();

		if (error) {
			if (error == ENOBUFS)
				printf("%s: current_len (%d) + len (%d) > "
				    "total_len (%d)\n", __func__, current_len,
				    len, total_len);
			break;
		}

		if (pass == 0) {
			/* Better to return zero length buffer than ENOBUFS */
			if (total_len == 0)
				total_len = 1;
			total_len += total_len >> 3;
			total_buffer = _MALLOC(total_len, M_RTABLE,
			    M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
			if (total_buffer == NULL) {
				printf("%s: _MALLOC(%d) failed\n", __func__,
				    total_len);
				error = ENOBUFS;
				break;
			}
			cp = total_buffer;
			VERIFY(IS_P2ALIGNED(cp, sizeof (u_int32_t)));
		} else {
			error = SYSCTL_OUT(w->w_req, total_buffer, current_len);
			if (error)
				break;
		}
	}

	if (total_buffer != NULL)
		_FREE(total_buffer, M_RTABLE);

	kauth_cred_unref(&cred);
	return (error);
}


static int
sysctl_rtstat(struct sysctl_req *req)
{
	return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &rtstat, sizeof (struct rtstat)));
}

static int
sysctl_rttrash(struct sysctl_req *req)
{
	return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &rttrash, sizeof (rttrash)));
}

static int
sysctl_rtsock SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS
{
#pragma unused(oidp)
	int	*name = (int *)arg1;
	u_int	namelen = arg2;
	struct radix_node_head *rnh;
	int	i, error = EINVAL;
	u_char  af;
	struct	walkarg w;

	name ++;
	namelen--;
	if (req->newptr)
		return (EPERM);
	if (namelen != 3)
		return (EINVAL);
	af = name[0];
	Bzero(&w, sizeof (w));
	w.w_op = name[1];
	w.w_arg = name[2];
	w.w_req = req;

	switch (w.w_op) {

	case NET_RT_DUMP:
	case NET_RT_DUMP2:
	case NET_RT_FLAGS:
		lck_mtx_lock(rnh_lock);
		for (i = 1; i <= AF_MAX; i++)
			if ((rnh = rt_tables[i]) && (af == 0 || af == i) &&
			    (error = rnh->rnh_walktree(rnh,
			    sysctl_dumpentry, &w)))
				break;
		lck_mtx_unlock(rnh_lock);
		break;
	case NET_RT_DUMPX:
	case NET_RT_DUMPX_FLAGS:
		lck_mtx_lock(rnh_lock);
		for (i = 1; i <= AF_MAX; i++)
			if ((rnh = rt_tables[i]) && (af == 0 || af == i) &&
			    (error = rnh->rnh_walktree(rnh,
			    sysctl_dumpentry_ext, &w)))
				break;
		lck_mtx_unlock(rnh_lock);
		break;
	case NET_RT_IFLIST:
		error = sysctl_iflist(af, &w);
		break;
	case NET_RT_IFLIST2:
		error = sysctl_iflist2(af, &w);
		break;
	case NET_RT_STAT:
		error = sysctl_rtstat(req);
		break;
	case NET_RT_TRASH:
		error = sysctl_rttrash(req);
		break;
	}
	if (w.w_tmem != NULL)
		FREE(w.w_tmem, M_RTABLE);
	return (error);
}

/*
 * Definitions of protocols supported in the ROUTE domain.
 */
static struct protosw routesw[] = {
{
	.pr_type =		SOCK_RAW,
	.pr_protocol =		0,
	.pr_flags =		PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR,
	.pr_output =		route_output,
	.pr_ctlinput =		raw_ctlinput,
	.pr_init =		raw_init,
	.pr_usrreqs =		&route_usrreqs,
}
};

static int route_proto_count = (sizeof (routesw) / sizeof (struct protosw));

struct domain routedomain_s = {
	.dom_family =		PF_ROUTE,
	.dom_name =		"route",
	.dom_init =		route_dinit,
};

static void
route_dinit(struct domain *dp)
{
	struct protosw *pr;
	int i;

	VERIFY(!(dp->dom_flags & DOM_INITIALIZED));
	VERIFY(routedomain == NULL);

	routedomain = dp;

	for (i = 0, pr = &routesw[0]; i < route_proto_count; i++, pr++)
		net_add_proto(pr, dp, 1);

	route_init();
}