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1.\" $NetBSD: ioctl.2,v 1.5 1995/02/27 12:33:47 cgd Exp $
2.\"
3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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34.\" @(#)ioctl.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
35.\"
36.Dd December 11, 1993
37.Dt IOCTL 2
38.Os BSD 4
39.Sh NAME
40.Nm ioctl
41.Nd control device
42.Sh SYNOPSIS
43.Fd #include <sys/ioctl.h>
44.Ft int
45.Fo ioctl
46.Fa "int fildes"
47.Fa "unsigned long request"
48.Fa "..."
49.Fc
50.Sh DESCRIPTION
51The
52.Fn ioctl
53function manipulates the underlying device parameters of special files.
54In particular, many operating
55characteristics of character special files (e.g. terminals)
56may be controlled with
57.Fn ioctl
58requests.
59The argument
60.Fa fildes
61must be an open file descriptor.
62.Pp
63An ioctl
64.Fa request
65has encoded in it whether the argument is an
66.Dq in
67parameter
68or
69.Dq out
70parameter, and the size of the argument
71.Fa argp
72in bytes.
73Macros and defines used in specifying an ioctl
74.Fa request
75are located in the file
76.Ao Pa sys/ioctl.h Ac .
77.Sh RETURN VALUES
78If an error has occurred, a value of -1 is returned and
79.Va errno
80is set to indicate the error.
81.Sh ERRORS
82.Fn ioctl
83will fail if:
84.Bl -tag -width Er
85.\" ==========
86.It Bq Er EBADF
87.Fa fildes
88is not a valid descriptor.
89.\" ==========
90.It Bq Er EINVAL
91.Fa Request
92or
93.Fa argp
94is not valid.
95.\" ==========
96.It Bq Er ENOTTY
97.Fa fildes
98is not associated with a character
99special device.
100.\" ==========
101.It Bq Er ENOTTY
102The specified request does not apply to the kind
103of object that the descriptor
104.Fa fildes
105references.
106.El
107.Sh SEE ALSO
108.Xr cdio 1 ,
109.Xr chio 1 ,
110.Xr mt 1 ,
111.Xr execve 2 ,
112.Xr fcntl 2 ,
113.Xr intro 4 ,
114.Xr tty 4
115.Sh HISTORY
116An
117.Fn ioctl
118function call appeared in
119.At v7 .