xnu-124.13.tar.gz

[apple/xnu.git] / libsa / catalogue.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 * 
 * The contents of this file constitute Original Code as defined in and
 * are subject to the Apple Public Source License Version 1.1 (the
 * "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance with the
 * License.  Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.apple.com/publicsource and read it before using this file.
 * 
 * This Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.  Please see the
 * License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
 * under the License.
 * 
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */
#include <libkern/c++/OSContainers.h>
#include <IOKit/IODeviceTreeSupport.h>
#include <IOKit/IORegistryEntry.h>
#include <IOKit/IOCatalogue.h>
#include <libkern/c++/OSUnserialize.h>
#include <libkern/OSByteOrder.h>
#include <libsa/catalogue.h>

extern "C" {
#include <machine/machine_routines.h>
#include <mach/host_info.h>
#include <mach/kmod.h>
#include <libsa/mkext.h>
#include <libsa/vers_rsrc.h>
};

#include <IOKit/IOLib.h>

#include <IOKit/assert.h>


extern "C" {
extern void IODTFreeLoaderInfo( char *key, void *infoAddr, int infoSize );
extern kern_return_t host_info(host_t host,
    host_flavor_t flavor,
    host_info_t info,
    mach_msg_type_number_t  *count);
extern int check_cpu_subtype(cpu_subtype_t cpu_subtype);

extern IOLock * kld_lock;
};


#define LOG_DELAY()

#define VTYELLOW   "\033[33m"
#define VTRESET    "\033[0m"


/*********************************************************************
*********************************************************************/
static OSDictionary * gStartupExtensions = 0;

OSDictionary * getStartupExtensions(void) {
    if (gStartupExtensions) {
        return gStartupExtensions;
    }
    gStartupExtensions = OSDictionary::withCapacity(1);
    if (!gStartupExtensions) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate "
            "startup extensions dictionary.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
    }
    return gStartupExtensions;
}


/*********************************************************************
* This function checks that a driver dict has all the required
* entries and does a little bit of value checking too.
*********************************************************************/
bool validateExtensionDict(OSDictionary * extension) {

    bool result = true;
    OSString * name;         // do not release
    OSString * stringValue;  // do not release
    UInt32 vers;

    name = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
        extension->getObject("CFBundleIdentifier"));
    if (!name) {
        IOLog(VTYELLOW "Extension has no \"CFBundleIdentifier\" property.\n"
            VTRESET);
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    stringValue = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
        extension->getObject("CFBundleVersion"));
    if (!stringValue) {
        IOLog(VTYELLOW "Extension \"%s\" has no \"CFBundleVersion\" "
            "property.\n" VTRESET,
            name->getCStringNoCopy());
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }
    if (!VERS_parse_string(stringValue->getCStringNoCopy(),
        &vers)) {
        IOLog(VTYELLOW "Extension \"%s\" has an invalid "
            "\"CFBundleVersion\" property.\n" VTRESET,
            name->getCStringNoCopy());
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }


finish:
    // FIXME: Make return real result after kext conversion
    return true;

    return result;
}


/*********************************************************************
*********************************************************************/
OSDictionary * compareExtensionVersions(
    OSDictionary * incumbent,
    OSDictionary * candidate) {

    OSDictionary * winner = NULL;

    OSDictionary * incumbentPlist = NULL;
    OSDictionary * candidatePlist = NULL;
    OSString * incumbentName = NULL;
    OSString * candidateName = NULL;
    OSString * incumbentVersionString = NULL;
    OSString * candidateVersionString = NULL;
    UInt32 incumbent_vers = 0;
    UInt32 candidate_vers = 0;

    incumbentPlist = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
        incumbent->getObject("plist"));
    candidatePlist = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
        candidate->getObject("plist"));

    if (!incumbentPlist || !candidatePlist) {
        IOLog("compareExtensionVersions() called with invalid "
            "extension dictionaries.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        winner = NULL;
        goto finish;
    }

    incumbentName = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
        incumbentPlist->getObject("CFBundleIdentifier"));
    candidateName = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
        candidatePlist->getObject("CFBundleIdentifier"));
    incumbentVersionString = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
        incumbentPlist->getObject("CFBundleVersion"));
    candidateVersionString = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
        candidatePlist->getObject("CFBundleVersion"));

    if (!incumbentName || !candidateName ||
        !incumbentVersionString || !candidateVersionString) {

        IOLog("compareExtensionVersions() called with invalid "
            "extension dictionaries.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        winner = NULL;
        goto finish;
    }

    if (strcmp(incumbentName->getCStringNoCopy(),
               candidateName->getCStringNoCopy())) {

        IOLog("compareExtensionVersions() called with different "
            "extension names (%s and %s).\n",
            incumbentName->getCStringNoCopy(),
            candidateName->getCStringNoCopy());
        LOG_DELAY();
        winner = NULL;
        goto finish;
    }

    if (!VERS_parse_string(incumbentVersionString->getCStringNoCopy(),
        &incumbent_vers)) {

        IOLog(VTYELLOW "Error parsing version string for extension %s (%s)\n"
            VTRESET,
            incumbentName->getCStringNoCopy(),
            incumbentVersionString->getCStringNoCopy());
        LOG_DELAY();
        winner = NULL;
        goto finish;
    }

    if (!VERS_parse_string(candidateVersionString->getCStringNoCopy(),
        &candidate_vers)) {

        IOLog(VTYELLOW "Error parsing version string for extension %s (%s)\n"
            VTRESET,
            candidateName->getCStringNoCopy(),
            candidateVersionString->getCStringNoCopy());
        LOG_DELAY();
        winner = NULL;
        goto finish;
     }
  
    if (candidate_vers > incumbent_vers) {
        IOLog(VTYELLOW "Replacing extension \"%s\" with newer version "
            "(%s -> %s).\n" VTRESET,
            incumbentName->getCStringNoCopy(),
            incumbentVersionString->getCStringNoCopy(),
            candidateVersionString->getCStringNoCopy());
        LOG_DELAY();
        winner = candidate;
        goto finish;
    } else {
        IOLog(VTYELLOW "Skipping duplicate extension \"%s\" with older/same "
            " version (%s -> %s).\n" VTRESET,
            candidateName->getCStringNoCopy(),
            candidateVersionString->getCStringNoCopy(),
            incumbentVersionString->getCStringNoCopy());
        LOG_DELAY();
        winner = incumbent;
        goto finish;
    }

finish:

    // no cleanup, how nice
    return winner;
}


/*********************************************************************
* This function merges entries in the mergeFrom dictionary into the
* mergeInto dictionary. If it returns false, the two dictionaries are
* not altered. If it returns true, then mergeInto may have new
* entries; any keys that were already present in mergeInto are
* removed from mergeFrom, so that the caller can see what was
* actually merged.
*********************************************************************/
bool mergeExtensionDictionaries(OSDictionary * mergeInto,
    OSDictionary * mergeFrom) {

    bool result = true;
    OSDictionary * mergeIntoCopy = NULL;       // must release
    OSDictionary * mergeFromCopy = NULL;       // must release
    OSCollectionIterator * keyIterator = NULL; // must release
    OSString * key;                            // don't release

   /* Add 1 to count to guarantee copy can grow (grr).
    */
    mergeIntoCopy = OSDictionary::withDictionary(mergeInto,
        mergeInto->getCount() + 1);
    if (!mergeIntoCopy) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to copy 'into' extensions dictionary "
            "for merge.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

   /* Add 1 to count to guarantee copy can grow (grr).
    */
    mergeFromCopy = OSDictionary::withDictionary(mergeFrom,
        mergeFrom->getCount() + 1);
    if (!mergeFromCopy) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to copy 'from' extensions dictionary "
            "for merge.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    keyIterator = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(mergeFrom);
    if (!keyIterator) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to allocate iterator for extensions.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }


   /*****
    * Loop through "from" dictionary, checking if the identifier already
    * exists in the "into" dictionary and checking versions if it does.
    */
    while ((key = OSDynamicCast(OSString, keyIterator->getNextObject()))) {
        OSDictionary * incumbentExt = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
            mergeIntoCopy->getObject(key));
        OSDictionary * candidateExt = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
            mergeFrom->getObject(key));

        if (!incumbentExt) {
            if (!mergeIntoCopy->setObject(key, candidateExt)) {

               /* This is a fatal error, so bail.
                */
                IOLog("mergeExtensionDictionaries(): Failed to add "
                    "identifier %s\n",
                    key->getCStringNoCopy());
                LOG_DELAY();
                result = false;
                goto finish;
            }
        } else {
            OSDictionary * mostRecentExtension =
                compareExtensionVersions(incumbentExt, candidateExt);

            if (mostRecentExtension == incumbentExt) {
                mergeFromCopy->removeObject(key);
            } else if (mostRecentExtension == candidateExt) {

                if (!mergeIntoCopy->setObject(key, candidateExt)) {

                   /* This is a fatal error, so bail.
                    */
                    IOLog("mergeExtensionDictionaries(): Failed to add "
                        "identifier %s\n",
                        key->getCStringNoCopy());
                    LOG_DELAY();
                    result = false;
                    goto finish;
                }
            } else /* should be NULL */ {
    
               /* This is a nonfatal error, so continue doing others.
                */
                IOLog("mergeExtensionDictionaries(): Error comparing "
                    "versions of duplicate extensions %s.\n",
                    key->getCStringNoCopy());
                LOG_DELAY();
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

finish:

   /* If successful, replace the contents of the original
    * dictionaries with those of the modified copies.
    */
    if (result) {
        mergeInto->flushCollection();
        mergeInto->merge(mergeIntoCopy);
        mergeFrom->flushCollection();
        mergeFrom->merge(mergeFromCopy);
    }

    if (mergeIntoCopy) mergeIntoCopy->release();
    if (mergeFromCopy) mergeFromCopy->release();
    if (keyIterator)   keyIterator->release();

    return result;
}


/****
 * These bits are used to parse data made available by bootx.
 */
#define BOOTX_KEXT_PREFIX       "Driver-"
#define BOOTX_MULTIKEXT_PREFIX  "DriversPackage-"

typedef struct MemoryMapFileInfo {
    UInt32 paddr;
    UInt32 length;
} MemoryMapFileInfo;

typedef struct BootxDriverInfo {
    char *plistAddr;
    long  plistLength;
    void *moduleAddr;
    long  moduleLength;
} BootxDriverInfo;


/*********************************************************************
* This private function reads the data for a single extension from
* the bootx memory-map's propery dict, returning a dictionary with
* keys "plist" for the extension's Info.plist as a parsed OSDictionary
* and "code" for the extension's executable code as an OSData.
*********************************************************************/
OSDictionary * readExtension(OSDictionary * propertyDict,
    const char * memory_map_name) {

    int error = 0;
    OSData               * bootxDriverDataObject = NULL;
    OSDictionary         * driverPlist = NULL;
    OSString             * driverName = NULL;
    OSData               * driverCode = NULL;
    OSString             * errorString = NULL;
    OSDictionary         * driverDict = NULL;

    MemoryMapFileInfo * driverInfo = 0;
    BootxDriverInfo * dataBuffer;

    kmod_info_t          * loaded_kmod = NULL;


    bootxDriverDataObject = OSDynamicCast(OSData,
        propertyDict->getObject(memory_map_name));
    // don't release bootxDriverDataObject

    if (!bootxDriverDataObject) {
        IOLog("Error: No driver data object "
            "for device tree entry \"%s\".\n",
            memory_map_name);
        LOG_DELAY();
        error = 1;
        goto finish;
    }

    driverDict = OSDictionary::withCapacity(2);
    if (!driverDict) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate dictionary "
            "for device tree entry \"%s\".\n", memory_map_name);
        LOG_DELAY();
        error = 1;
        goto finish;
    }

    driverInfo = (MemoryMapFileInfo *)
        bootxDriverDataObject->getBytesNoCopy(0,
        sizeof(MemoryMapFileInfo));
    dataBuffer = (BootxDriverInfo *)ml_static_ptovirt(
        driverInfo->paddr);
    if (!dataBuffer) {
        IOLog("Error: No data buffer "
        "for device tree entry \"%s\".\n", memory_map_name);
        LOG_DELAY();
        error = 1;
        goto finish;
    }

    driverPlist = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
        OSUnserializeXML(dataBuffer->plistAddr, &errorString));
    if (!driverPlist) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't read XML property list "
            "for device tree entry \"%s\".\n", memory_map_name);
        LOG_DELAY();
        if (errorString) {
            IOLog("XML parse error: %s.\n",
                errorString->getCStringNoCopy());
            LOG_DELAY();
        }
        error = 1;
        goto finish;
    }


    driverName = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
        driverPlist->getObject("CFBundleIdentifier"));  // do not release
    if (!driverName) {
        IOLog("Error: Device tree entry \"%s\" has "
            "no \"CFBundleIdentifier\" property.\n", memory_map_name);
        LOG_DELAY();
        error = 1;
        goto finish;
    }

   /* Check if kmod is already loaded and is a real loadable one (has
    * an address).
    */
    loaded_kmod = kmod_lookupbyname(driverName->getCStringNoCopy());
    if (loaded_kmod && loaded_kmod->address) {
        IOLog("Skipping new extension \"%s\"; an extension named "
            "\"%s\" is already loaded.\n",
            driverName->getCStringNoCopy(),
            loaded_kmod->name);
        LOG_DELAY();
        error = 1;
        goto finish;
    }

    if (!validateExtensionDict(driverPlist)) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to validate property list "
            "for device tree entry \"%s\".\n", memory_map_name);
        LOG_DELAY();
        error = 1;
        goto finish;
    }

    driverDict->setObject("plist", driverPlist);

   /* It's perfectly okay for a KEXT to have no executable.
    * Check that moduleAddr is nonzero before attempting to
    * get one.
    */
    if (dataBuffer->moduleAddr && dataBuffer->moduleLength) {
        driverCode = OSData::withBytes(dataBuffer->moduleAddr,
            dataBuffer->moduleLength);
        if (!driverCode) {
            IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate data object "
                "to hold code for device tree entry \"%s\".\n",
                memory_map_name);
            LOG_DELAY();
            error = 1;
            goto finish;
        }

        if (driverCode) {
            driverDict->setObject("code", driverCode);
        }
    }

finish:

   /* Free the memory for this extension that was set up
    * by bootx.
    */
    IODTFreeLoaderInfo(memory_map_name, (void *)driverInfo->paddr,
        (int)driverInfo->length);

    // do not release bootxDriverDataObject
    // do not release driverName

    if (driverPlist) {
        driverPlist->release();
    }
    if (errorString) {
        errorString->release();
    }
    if (driverCode) {
        driverCode->release();
    }
    if (error) {
        if (driverDict) {
            driverDict->release();
            driverDict = NULL;
        }
    }
    return driverDict;
}


/*********************************************************************
* Used to uncompress a single file entry in an mkext archive.
*********************************************************************/
int uncompressFile(u_int8_t * base_address,
    mkext_file * fileinfo,
    /* out */ OSData ** file) {

    int result = 1;
    u_int8_t * uncompressed_file = 0;   // don't free; owned by OSData obj
    OSData * uncompressedFile = 0;  // don't release
    size_t uncompressed_size = 0;

    size_t offset = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(fileinfo->offset);
    size_t compsize = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(fileinfo->compsize);
    size_t realsize = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(fileinfo->realsize);
    time_t modifiedsecs = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(fileinfo->modifiedsecs);

    *file = 0;

   /* If these four fields are zero there's no file, but that isn't
    * an error.
    */
    if (offset == 0 && compsize == 0 &&
        realsize == 0 && modifiedsecs == 0) {
        goto finish;
    }

    // Add 1 for '\0' to terminate XML string!
    uncompressed_file = (u_int8_t *)kalloc(realsize + 1);
    if (!uncompressed_file) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate data buffer "
              "to uncompress file.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = 0;
        goto finish;
    }

    uncompressedFile = OSData::withBytesNoCopy(uncompressed_file,
        realsize + 1);
    if (!uncompressedFile) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate data object "
              "to uncompress file.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = 0;
        goto finish;
    }

    if (compsize != 0) {
        uncompressed_size = decompress_lzss(uncompressed_file,
            base_address + offset,
            compsize);
        if (uncompressed_size != realsize) {
            IOLog("Error: Uncompressed file is not the length "
                  "recorded.\n");
            LOG_DELAY();
            result = 0;
            goto finish;
        }
    } else {
        bcopy(base_address + offset, uncompressed_file,
            compsize);
    }
    uncompressed_file[uncompressed_size] = '\0';

    *file = uncompressedFile;

finish:
    if (!result) {
        if (uncompressedFile) {
            uncompressedFile->release();
            *file = 0;
        }
    }
    return result;
}


/*********************************************************************
* Does the work of pulling extensions out of an mkext archive located
* in memory.
*********************************************************************/
bool extractExtensionsFromArchive(MemoryMapFileInfo * mkext_file_info,
    OSDictionary * extensions) {

    bool result = true;

    u_int8_t     * crc_address = 0;
    u_int32_t      checksum;
    mkext_header * mkext_data = 0;   // don't free
    mkext_kext   * onekext_data = 0; // don't free
    mkext_file   * plist_file = 0;   // don't free
    mkext_file   * module_file = 0;  // don't free
    OSData       * driverPlistDataObject = 0; // must release
    OSDictionary * driverPlist = 0;  // must release
    OSData       * driverCode = 0;   // must release
    OSDictionary * driverDict = 0;   // must release
    OSString     * moduleName = 0;   // don't release
    OSString     * errorString = NULL;  // must release

    mkext_data = (mkext_header *)mkext_file_info->paddr;

    if (OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->magic) != MKEXT_MAGIC ||
        OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->signature) != MKEXT_SIGN) {
        IOLog("Error: Extension archive has invalid magic or signature.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    if (OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->length) != mkext_file_info->length) {
        IOLog("Error: Mismatch between extension archive & "
            "recorded length.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    crc_address = (u_int8_t *)&mkext_data->version;
    checksum = adler32(crc_address,
        (unsigned int)mkext_data +
        OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->length) - (unsigned int)crc_address);

    if (OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->adler32) != checksum) {
        IOLog("Error: Extension archive has a bad checksum.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

   /* If the MKEXT archive isn't fat, check that the CPU type & subtype
    * match that of the running kernel.
    */
    if (OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->cputype) != (UInt32)CPU_TYPE_ANY) {
        kern_return_t          kresult = KERN_FAILURE;
        host_basic_info_data_t hostinfo;
        host_info_t            hostinfo_ptr = (host_info_t)&hostinfo;
        mach_msg_type_number_t count = sizeof(hostinfo)/sizeof(integer_t);

        kresult = host_info((host_t)1, HOST_BASIC_INFO,
            hostinfo_ptr, &count);
        if (kresult != KERN_SUCCESS) {
            IOLog("Error: Couldn't get current host info.\n");
            LOG_DELAY();
            result = false;
            goto finish;
        }
        if ((UInt32)hostinfo.cpu_type !=
            OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->cputype)) {

            IOLog("Error: Extension archive doesn't contain software "
                "for this computer's CPU type.\n");
            LOG_DELAY();
            result = false;
            goto finish;
        }
        if (!check_cpu_subtype(OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->cpusubtype))) {
            IOLog("Error: Extension archive doesn't contain software "
                "for this computer's CPU subtype.\n");
            LOG_DELAY();
            result = false;
            goto finish;
        }
    }

    for (unsigned int i = 0;
         i < OSSwapBigToHostInt32(mkext_data->numkexts);
         i++) {

        kmod_info_t * loaded_kmod = 0;

        if (driverPlistDataObject) {
            driverPlistDataObject->release();
            driverPlistDataObject = NULL;
        }
        if (driverPlist) {
            driverPlist->release();
            driverPlist = NULL;
        }
        if (driverCode) {
            driverCode->release();
            driverCode = NULL;
        }
        if (driverDict) {
            driverDict->release();
            driverDict = NULL;
        }
        if (errorString) {
            errorString->release();
            errorString = NULL;
        }

        onekext_data = &mkext_data->kext[i];
        plist_file = &onekext_data->plist;
        module_file = &onekext_data->module;

        if (!uncompressFile((u_int8_t *)mkext_data, plist_file,
            &driverPlistDataObject)) {

            IOLog("Error: couldn't uncompress plist file "
                "%d from multikext archive.\n", i);
            LOG_DELAY();
            result = false;
            goto finish;  // or just continue?
        }

        if (!driverPlistDataObject) {
            IOLog("Error: No property list present "
                "for multikext archive entry %d.\n", i);
            LOG_DELAY();
            result = false;
            goto finish;  // or just continue?
        } else {
            driverPlist = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
                OSUnserializeXML(
                    (char *)driverPlistDataObject->getBytesNoCopy(),
                    &errorString));
            if (!driverPlist) {
                IOLog("Error: Couldn't read XML property list "
                      "for multikext archive entry %d.\n", i);
                LOG_DELAY();
                if (errorString) {
                    IOLog("XML parse error: %s.\n",
                        errorString->getCStringNoCopy());
                    LOG_DELAY();
                }
                result = false;
                goto finish;  // or just continue?
            }

            if (!validateExtensionDict(driverPlist)) {
                IOLog("Error: Failed to validate property list "
                      "for multikext archive entry %d.\n", i);
                LOG_DELAY();
                result = false;
                goto finish;
            }

        }

       /* Get the extension's module name. This is used to record
        * the extension.
        */
        moduleName = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
            driverPlist->getObject("CFBundleIdentifier"));  // do not release
        if (!moduleName) {
            IOLog("Error: Multikext archive entry %d has "
                "no \"CFBundleIdentifier\" property.\n", i);
            LOG_DELAY();
            continue; // assume a kext config error & continue
        }

       /* Check if kmod is already loaded and is a real loadable one (has
        * an address).
        */
        loaded_kmod = kmod_lookupbyname(moduleName->getCStringNoCopy());
        if (loaded_kmod && loaded_kmod->address) {
            IOLog("Skipping new extension \"%s\"; an extension named "
                "\"%s\" is already loaded.\n",
                moduleName->getCStringNoCopy(),
                loaded_kmod->name);
            continue;
        }


        driverDict = OSDictionary::withCapacity(2);
        if (!driverDict) {
            IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate dictionary "
                  "for multikext archive entry %d.\n", i);
            LOG_DELAY();
            result = false;
            goto finish;
        }

        driverDict->setObject("plist", driverPlist);

        if (!uncompressFile((u_int8_t *)mkext_data, module_file,
            &driverCode)) {

            IOLog("Error: couldn't uncompress module file "
                "%d from multikext archive.\n", i);
            LOG_DELAY();
            result = false;
            goto finish;  // or just continue?
        }

       /* It's okay for there to be no module
        */
        if (driverCode) {
            driverDict->setObject("code", driverCode);
        }

        OSDictionary * incumbentExt = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
            extensions->getObject(moduleName));

        if (!incumbentExt) {
            extensions->setObject(moduleName, driverDict);
        } else {
            OSDictionary * mostRecentExtension =
                compareExtensionVersions(incumbentExt, driverDict);

            if (mostRecentExtension == incumbentExt) {
                /* Do nothing, we've got the most recent. */
            } else if (mostRecentExtension == driverDict) {
                if (!extensions->setObject(moduleName, driverDict)) {

                   /* This is a fatal error, so bail.
                    */
                    IOLog("extractExtensionsFromArchive(): Failed to add "
                        "identifier %s\n",
                        moduleName->getCStringNoCopy());
                    LOG_DELAY();
                    result = false;
                    goto finish;
                }
            } else /* should be NULL */ {

               /* This is a nonfatal error, so continue.
                */
                IOLog("extractExtensionsFromArchive(): Error comparing "
                    "versions of duplicate extensions %s.\n",
                    moduleName->getCStringNoCopy());
                LOG_DELAY();
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

finish:

    if (driverPlistDataObject) driverPlistDataObject->release();
    if (driverPlist) driverPlist->release();
    if (driverCode) driverCode->release();
    if (driverDict) driverDict->release();
    if (errorString) errorString->release();

    return result;
}


/*********************************************************************
* Unlike with single KEXTs, a failure to read any member of a
* multi-KEXT archive is considered a failure for all. We want to
* take no chances unpacking a single, compressed archive of drivers.
*********************************************************************/
bool readExtensions(OSDictionary * propertyDict,
    const char * memory_map_name,
    OSDictionary * extensions) {

    bool result = true;
    OSData * mkextDataObject = 0;      // don't release
    MemoryMapFileInfo * mkext_file_info = 0; // don't free

    mkextDataObject = OSDynamicCast(OSData,
        propertyDict->getObject(memory_map_name));
    // don't release mkextDataObject

    if (!mkextDataObject) {
        IOLog("Error: No mkext data object "
            "for device tree entry \"%s\".\n",
            memory_map_name);
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    mkext_file_info = (MemoryMapFileInfo *)mkextDataObject->getBytesNoCopy();
    if (!mkext_file_info) {
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    result = extractExtensionsFromArchive(mkext_file_info, extensions);

finish:

    if (!result && extensions) {
        extensions->flushCollection();
    }

    IODTFreeLoaderInfo(memory_map_name, (void *)mkext_file_info->paddr,
        (int)mkext_file_info->length);

    return result;
}


/*********************************************************************
* Adds the personalities for an extensions dictionary to the global
* IOCatalogue.
*********************************************************************/
bool addPersonalities(OSDictionary * extensions) {
    bool result = true;
    OSCollectionIterator * keyIterator = NULL;  // must release
    OSString             * key;          // don't release
    OSDictionary * driverDict = NULL;    // don't release
    OSDictionary * driverPlist = NULL;   // don't release
    OSDictionary * thisDriverPersonalities = NULL;  // don't release
    OSArray      * allDriverPersonalities = NULL;   // must release

    allDriverPersonalities = OSArray::withCapacity(1);
    if (!allDriverPersonalities) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate personality dictionary.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

   /* Record all personalities found so that they can be
    * added to the catalogue.
    * Note: Not all extensions have personalities.
    */

    keyIterator = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(extensions);
    if (!keyIterator) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate iterator to record personalities.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    while ( ( key = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
              keyIterator->getNextObject() ))) {

        driverDict = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
            extensions->getObject(key));
        driverPlist = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
            driverDict->getObject("plist"));
        thisDriverPersonalities = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
            driverPlist->getObject("IOKitPersonalities"));

        if (thisDriverPersonalities) {
            OSCollectionIterator * pIterator;
            OSString * key;
            pIterator = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(
                thisDriverPersonalities);
            if (!pIterator) {
                IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate iterator "
                    "to record extension personalities.\n");
                LOG_DELAY();
                continue;
            }
            while ( (key = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
                     pIterator->getNextObject())) ) {

                OSDictionary * personality = OSDynamicCast(
                    OSDictionary,
                    thisDriverPersonalities->getObject(key));
                if (personality) {
                    allDriverPersonalities->setObject(personality);
                }
            }
            pIterator->release();
        }
    } /* extract personalities */


   /* Add all personalities found to the IOCatalogue,
    * but don't start matching.
    */
    gIOCatalogue->addDrivers(allDriverPersonalities, false);

finish:

    if (allDriverPersonalities) allDriverPersonalities->release();
    if (keyIterator) keyIterator->release();

    return result;
}


/*********************************************************************
* Called from IOCatalogue to add extensions from an mkext archive.
*********************************************************************/
bool addExtensionsFromArchive(OSData * mkextDataObject) {
    bool result = true;

    OSDictionary * startupExtensions = NULL;  // don't release
    OSDictionary * extensions = NULL;         // must release
    MemoryMapFileInfo mkext_file_info;
    OSCollectionIterator * keyIterator = NULL;   // must release
    OSString             * key = NULL;           // don't release

    IOLockLock(kld_lock);

    startupExtensions = getStartupExtensions();
    if (!startupExtensions) {
        IOLog("Can't record extension archive; there is no
            extensions dictionary.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    extensions = OSDictionary::withCapacity(2);
    if (!extensions) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate dictionary to unpack "
            "extension archive.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    mkext_file_info.paddr = (UInt32)mkextDataObject->getBytesNoCopy();
    mkext_file_info.length = mkextDataObject->getLength();

    result = extractExtensionsFromArchive(&mkext_file_info, extensions);
    if (!result) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to extract extensions from archive.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    result = mergeExtensionDictionaries(startupExtensions, extensions);
    if (!result) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to merge new extensions into existing set.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        goto finish;
    }

    result = addPersonalities(extensions);
    if (!result) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to add personalities for extensions extracted "
            "from archive.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

finish:

    if (!result) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to record extensions from archive.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
    } else {
        keyIterator = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(
            extensions);

        if (keyIterator) {
            while ( (key = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
                     keyIterator->getNextObject())) ) {

                IOLog("Added extension \"%s\" from archive.\n",
                    key->getCStringNoCopy());
                LOG_DELAY();
            }
            keyIterator->release();
        }
    }

    if (extensions) extensions->release();

    IOLockUnlock(kld_lock);

    return result;
}


/*********************************************************************
* This function builds dictionaries for the startup extensions
* put into memory by bootx, recording each in the startup extensions
* dictionary. The dictionary format is this:
*
* {
*     "plist" = (the extension's Info.plist as an OSDictionary)
*     "code"  = (an OSData containing the executable file)
* }
*
* This function returns true if any extensions were found and
* recorded successfully, or if there are no start extensions,
* and false if an unrecoverable error occurred. An error reading
* a single extension is not considered fatal, and this function
* will simply skip the problematic extension to try the next one.
*********************************************************************/
bool recordStartupExtensions(void) {
    bool result = true;
    OSDictionary         * startupExtensions = NULL; // must release
    OSDictionary         * existingExtensions = NULL; // don't release
    OSDictionary         * mkextExtensions = NULL;   // must release
    IORegistryEntry      * bootxMemoryMap = NULL;    // must release
    OSDictionary         * propertyDict = NULL;      // must release
    OSCollectionIterator * keyIterator = NULL;       // must release
    OSString             * key = NULL;               // don't release

    OSDictionary * newDriverDict = NULL;  // must release
    OSDictionary * driverPlist = NULL; // don't release

    IOLockLock(kld_lock);

    IOLog("Recording startup extensions.\n");
    LOG_DELAY();

    existingExtensions = getStartupExtensions();
    if (!existingExtensions) {
        IOLog("Error: There is no dictionary for startup extensions.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    startupExtensions = OSDictionary::withCapacity(1);
    if (!startupExtensions) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate dictionary "
            "to record startup extensions.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    bootxMemoryMap =
        IORegistryEntry::fromPath(
            "/chosen/memory-map", // path
            gIODTPlane            // plane
            );
    // return value is retained so be sure to release it

    if (!bootxMemoryMap) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't read booter memory map.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    propertyDict = bootxMemoryMap->dictionaryWithProperties();
    if (!propertyDict) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't get property dictionary "
            "from memory map.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    keyIterator = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(propertyDict);
    if (!keyIterator) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate iterator for driver images.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

    while ( (key = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
             keyIterator->getNextObject())) ) {

       /* Clear newDriverDict & mkextExtensions upon entry to the loop,
        * handling both successful and unsuccessful iterations.
        */
        if (newDriverDict) {
            newDriverDict->release();
            newDriverDict = NULL;
        }
        if (mkextExtensions) {
            mkextExtensions->release();
            mkextExtensions = NULL;
        }

        const char * keyValue = key->getCStringNoCopy();

        if ( !strncmp(keyValue, BOOTX_KEXT_PREFIX,
              strlen(BOOTX_KEXT_PREFIX)) ) {

           /* Read the extension from the bootx-supplied memory.
            */
            newDriverDict = readExtension(propertyDict, keyValue);
            if (!newDriverDict) {
                IOLog("Error: Couldn't read data "
                    "for device tree entry \"%s\".\n", keyValue);
                LOG_DELAY();
                continue;
            }


           /* Preprare to record the extension by getting its info plist.
            */
            driverPlist = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
                newDriverDict->getObject("plist"));
            if (!driverPlist) {
                IOLog("Error: Extension in device tree entry \"%s\" "
                    "has no property list.\n", keyValue);
                LOG_DELAY();
                continue;
            }


           /* Get the extension's module name. This is used to record
            * the extension. Do *not* release the moduleName.
            */
            OSString * moduleName = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
                driverPlist->getObject("CFBundleIdentifier"));
            if (!moduleName) {
                IOLog("Error: Device tree entry \"%s\" has "
                    "no \"CFBundleIdentifier\" property.\n", keyValue);
                LOG_DELAY();
                continue;
            }


           /* All has gone well so far, so record the extension under
            * its module name, checking for an existing duplicate.
            *
            * Do not release moduleName, as it's part of the extension's
            * plist.
            */
            OSDictionary * incumbentExt = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
                startupExtensions->getObject(moduleName));

            if (!incumbentExt) {
                startupExtensions->setObject(moduleName, newDriverDict);
            } else {
                OSDictionary * mostRecentExtension =
                    compareExtensionVersions(incumbentExt, newDriverDict);

                if (mostRecentExtension == incumbentExt) {
                    /* Do nothing, we've got the most recent. */
                } else if (mostRecentExtension == newDriverDict) {
                    if (!startupExtensions->setObject(moduleName,
                         newDriverDict)) {

                       /* This is a fatal error, so bail.
                        */
                        IOLog("recordStartupExtensions(): Failed to add "
                            "identifier %s\n",
                            moduleName->getCStringNoCopy());
                        LOG_DELAY();
                        result = false;
                        goto finish;
                    }
                } else /* should be NULL */ {

                   /* This is a nonfatal error, so continue.
                    */
                    IOLog("recordStartupExtensions(): Error comparing "
                        "versions of duplicate extensions %s.\n",
                        moduleName->getCStringNoCopy());
                    LOG_DELAY();
                    continue;
                }
            }


        } else if ( !strncmp(keyValue, BOOTX_MULTIKEXT_PREFIX,
              strlen(BOOTX_MULTIKEXT_PREFIX)) ) {

            mkextExtensions = OSDictionary::withCapacity(10);
            if (!mkextExtensions) {
                IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate dictionary to unpack "
                    "multi-extension archive.\n");
                LOG_DELAY();
                result = false;
                goto finish;  // allocation failure is fatal for this routine
            }
            if (!readExtensions(propertyDict, keyValue, mkextExtensions)) {
                IOLog("Error: Couldn't unpack multi-extension archive.\n");
                LOG_DELAY();
                continue;
            } else {
                if (!mergeExtensionDictionaries(startupExtensions,
                     mkextExtensions)) {

                    IOLog("Error: Failed to merge new extensions into "
                        "existing set.\n");
                    LOG_DELAY();
                    result = false;
                    goto finish;  // merge error is fatal for this routine
                }
            }
        }

        // Do not release key.

    } /* while ( (key = OSDynamicCast(OSString, ... */

    if (!mergeExtensionDictionaries(existingExtensions, startupExtensions)) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to merge new extensions into existing set.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    } 

    result = addPersonalities(startupExtensions);
    if (!result) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to add personalities for extensions extracted "
            "from archive.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
        result = false;
        goto finish;
    }

finish:

    // reused so clear first!
    if (keyIterator) {
        keyIterator->release();
        keyIterator = 0;
    }

    if (!result) {
        IOLog("Error: Failed to record startup extensions.\n");
        LOG_DELAY();
    } else {
        keyIterator = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(
            startupExtensions);

        if (keyIterator) {
            while ( (key = OSDynamicCast(OSString,
                     keyIterator->getNextObject())) ) {

                IOLog("Found extension \"%s\".\n",
                    key->getCStringNoCopy());
                LOG_DELAY();
            }
            keyIterator->release();
            keyIterator = 0;
        }
    }

    if (newDriverDict)     newDriverDict->release();
    if (propertyDict)      propertyDict->release();
    if (bootxMemoryMap)    bootxMemoryMap->release();
    if (mkextExtensions)   mkextExtensions->release();
    if (startupExtensions) startupExtensions->release();

    IOLockUnlock(kld_lock);
    return result;
}


/*********************************************************************
* This function removes an entry from the dictionary of startup
* extensions. It's used when an extension can't be loaded, for
* whatever reason. For drivers, this allows another matching driver
* to be loaded, so that, for example, a driver for the root device
* can be found.
*********************************************************************/
void removeStartupExtension(const char * extensionName) {
    OSDictionary * startupExtensions = NULL;      // don't release
    OSDictionary * extensionDict = NULL;          // don't release
    OSDictionary * extensionPlist = NULL;         // don't release
    OSDictionary * extensionPersonalities = NULL; // don't release
    OSDictionary * personality = NULL;            // don't release
    OSCollectionIterator * keyIterator = NULL;    // must release
    OSString     * key = NULL;                    // don't release

    IOLockLock(kld_lock);

    startupExtensions = getStartupExtensions();
    if (!startupExtensions) goto finish;


   /* Find the extension's entry in the dictionary of
    * startup extensions.
    */
    extensionDict = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
        startupExtensions->getObject(extensionName));
    if (!extensionDict) goto finish;

    extensionPlist = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
        extensionDict->getObject("plist"));
    if (!extensionPlist) goto finish;

    extensionPersonalities = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
        extensionPlist->getObject("IOKitPersonalities"));
    if (!extensionPersonalities) goto finish;

   /* If it was there, remove it from the catalogue proper
    * by calling removeDrivers(). Pass true for the second
    * argument to trigger a new round of matching, and
    * then remove the extension from the dictionary of startup
    * extensions.
    */
    keyIterator = OSCollectionIterator::withCollection(
        extensionPersonalities);
    if (!keyIterator) {
        IOLog("Error: Couldn't allocate iterator to scan
            personalities for %s.\n", extensionName);
        LOG_DELAY();
    }

    while ((key = OSDynamicCast(OSString, keyIterator->getNextObject()))) {
        personality = OSDynamicCast(OSDictionary,
            extensionPersonalities->getObject(key));


        if (personality) {
            gIOCatalogue->removeDrivers(personality, true);
        }
    }

    startupExtensions->removeObject(extensionName);

finish:

    if (keyIterator) keyIterator->release();

    IOLockUnlock(kld_lock);
    return;
}