xnu-2422.115.4.tar.gz

[apple/xnu.git] / bsd / security / audit / audit_worker.c

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2011 Apple Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2008 Robert N. M. Watson
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3.  Neither the name of Apple Inc. ("Apple") nor the names of
 *     its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *     from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
 * IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/namei.h>
#include <sys/proc_internal.h>
#include <sys/kauth.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ucred.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>
#include <sys/file_internal.h>
#include <sys/vnode_internal.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/sysent.h>
#include <sys/sysproto.h>
#include <sys/vfs_context.h>
#include <sys/domain.h>
#include <sys/protosw.h>
#include <sys/socketvar.h>

#include <bsm/audit.h>
#include <bsm/audit_internal.h>
#include <bsm/audit_kevents.h>

#include <security/audit/audit.h>
#include <security/audit/audit_bsd.h>
#include <security/audit/audit_private.h>

#include <mach/host_priv.h>
#include <mach/host_special_ports.h>
#include <mach/audit_triggers_server.h>

#include <kern/host.h>
#include <kern/zalloc.h>
#include <kern/lock.h>
#include <kern/sched_prim.h>
#include <kern/task.h>
#include <kern/wait_queue.h>

#include <net/route.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_pcb.h>

/*
 * Worker thread that will schedule disk I/O, etc.
 */
static thread_t audit_thread;

/*
 * audit_ctx and audit_vp are the stored credential and vnode to use for
 * active audit trail.  They are protected by audit_worker_sl, which will be
 * held across all I/O and all rotation to prevent them from being replaced
 * (rotated) while in use.  The audit_file_rotate_wait flag is set when the
 * kernel has delivered a trigger to auditd to rotate the trail, and is
 * cleared when the next rotation takes place.  It is also protected by
 * audit_worker_sl.
 */
static int			audit_file_rotate_wait;
static struct slck 		audit_worker_sl;
static struct vfs_context	audit_ctx;
static struct vnode		*audit_vp;

#define	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_INIT()		slck_init(&audit_worker_sl, 	\
    					    "audit_worker_sl")
#define	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_XLOCK()		slck_lock(&audit_worker_sl)
#define	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_XUNLOCK()	slck_unlock(&audit_worker_sl)
#define	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_ASSERT()	slck_assert(&audit_worker_sl, SL_OWNED)
#define	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_DESTROY()	slck_destroy(&audit_worker_sl)

/*
 * The audit_q_draining flag is set when audit is disabled and the audit
 * worker queue is being drained.
 */
static int			audit_q_draining;

/*
 * The special kernel audit record, audit_drain_kar, is used to mark the end of
 * the queue when draining it.
 */
static struct kaudit_record 	audit_drain_kar = {
	.k_ar = {
		.ar_event = AUE_NULL,
	},
	.k_ar_commit = AR_DRAIN_QUEUE,
};

/*
 * Write an audit record to a file, performed as the last stage after both
 * preselection and BSM conversion.  Both space management and write failures
 * are handled in this function.
 *
 * No attempt is made to deal with possible failure to deliver a trigger to
 * the audit daemon, since the message is asynchronous anyway.
 */
static void
audit_record_write(struct vnode *vp, struct vfs_context *ctx, void *data,
    size_t len)
{
	static struct timeval last_lowspace_trigger;
	static struct timeval last_fail;
	static int cur_lowspace_trigger;
	struct vfsstatfs *mnt_stat;
	int error;
	static int cur_fail;
	uint64_t temp;
	off_t file_size;

	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_ASSERT();	/* audit_file_rotate_wait. */

	if (vp == NULL)
		return;

	if (vnode_getwithref(vp))
		return /*(ENOENT)*/;

	mnt_stat = &vp->v_mount->mnt_vfsstat;

	/*
	 * First, gather statistics on the audit log file and file system so
	 * that we know how we're doing on space.  Consider failure of these
	 * operations to indicate a future inability to write to the file.
	 */
	error = vfs_update_vfsstat(vp->v_mount, ctx, VFS_KERNEL_EVENT);
	if (error)
		goto fail;
	error = vnode_size(vp, &file_size, ctx);
	if (error)
		goto fail;
	audit_fstat.af_currsz = (u_quad_t)file_size;

	/*
	 * We handle four different space-related limits:
	 *
	 * - A fixed (hard) limit on the minimum free blocks we require on
	 *   the file system, and results in record loss, a trigger, and
	 *   possible fail stop due to violating invariants.
	 *
	 * - An administrative (soft) limit, which when fallen below, results
	 *   in the kernel notifying the audit daemon of low space.
	 *
	 * - An audit trail size limit, which when gone above, results in the
	 *   kernel notifying the audit daemon that rotation is desired.
	 *
	 * - The total depth of the kernel audit record exceeding free space,
	 *   which can lead to possible fail stop (with drain), in order to
	 *   prevent violating invariants.  Failure here doesn't halt
	 *   immediately, but prevents new records from being generated.
	 *
	 * Possibly, the last of these should be handled differently, always
	 * allowing a full queue to be lost, rather than trying to prevent
	 * loss.
	 *
	 * First, handle the hard limit, which generates a trigger and may
	 * fail stop.  This is handled in the same manner as ENOSPC from
	 * VOP_WRITE, and results in record loss.
	 */
	if (mnt_stat->f_bfree < AUDIT_HARD_LIMIT_FREE_BLOCKS) {
		error = ENOSPC;
		goto fail_enospc;
	}

	/*
	 * Second, handle falling below the soft limit, if defined; we send
	 * the daemon a trigger and continue processing the record.  Triggers
	 * are limited to 1/sec.
	 */
	if (audit_qctrl.aq_minfree != 0) {
		temp = mnt_stat->f_blocks / (100 / audit_qctrl.aq_minfree);
		if (mnt_stat->f_bfree < temp &&
		    ppsratecheck(&last_lowspace_trigger,
		    &cur_lowspace_trigger, 1))
				(void)audit_send_trigger(
				    AUDIT_TRIGGER_LOW_SPACE);
	}

	/*
	 * If the current file is getting full, generate a rotation trigger
	 * to the daemon.  This is only approximate, which is fine as more
	 * records may be generated before the daemon rotates the file.
	 */
	if ((audit_fstat.af_filesz != 0) && (audit_file_rotate_wait == 0) &&
	    ((u_quad_t)file_size >= audit_fstat.af_filesz)) {
		AUDIT_WORKER_SX_ASSERT();

		audit_file_rotate_wait = 1;
		(void)audit_send_trigger(AUDIT_TRIGGER_ROTATE_KERNEL);
	}

	/*
	 * If the estimated amount of audit data in the audit event queue
	 * (plus records allocated but not yet queued) has reached the amount
	 * of free space on the disk, then we need to go into an audit fail
	 * stop state, in which we do not permit the allocation/committing of
	 * any new audit records.  We continue to process records but don't
	 * allow any activities that might generate new records.  In the
	 * future, we might want to detect when space is available again and
	 * allow operation to continue, but this behavior is sufficient to
	 * meet fail stop requirements in CAPP.
	 */
	if (audit_fail_stop) {
		if ((unsigned long)((audit_q_len + audit_pre_q_len + 1) *
		    MAX_AUDIT_RECORD_SIZE) / mnt_stat->f_bsize >=
		    (unsigned long)(mnt_stat->f_bfree)) {
			if (ppsratecheck(&last_fail, &cur_fail, 1))
				printf("audit_record_write: free space "
				    "below size of audit queue, failing "
				    "stop\n");
			audit_in_failure = 1;
		} else if (audit_in_failure) {
			/*
			 * Note: if we want to handle recovery, this is the
			 * spot to do it: unset audit_in_failure, and issue a
			 * wakeup on the cv.
			 */
		}
	}

	error = vn_rdwr(UIO_WRITE, vp, data, len, (off_t)0, UIO_SYSSPACE,
	    IO_APPEND|IO_UNIT, vfs_context_ucred(ctx), NULL,
	    vfs_context_proc(ctx));
	if (error == ENOSPC)
		goto fail_enospc;
	else if (error)
		goto fail;

	/*
	 * Catch completion of a queue drain here; if we're draining and the
	 * queue is now empty, fail stop.  That audit_fail_stop is implicitly
	 * true, since audit_in_failure can only be set of audit_fail_stop is
	 * set.
	 *
	 * Note: if we handle recovery from audit_in_failure, then we need to
	 * make panic here conditional.
	 */
	if (audit_in_failure) {
		if (audit_q_len == 0 && audit_pre_q_len == 0) {
			(void)VNOP_FSYNC(vp, MNT_WAIT, ctx);
			panic("Audit store overflow; record queue drained.");
		}
	}

	vnode_put(vp);
	return;

fail_enospc:
	/*
	 * ENOSPC is considered a special case with respect to failures, as
	 * this can reflect either our preemptive detection of insufficient
	 * space, or ENOSPC returned by the vnode write call.
	 */
	if (audit_fail_stop) {
		(void)VNOP_FSYNC(vp, MNT_WAIT, ctx);
		panic("Audit log space exhausted and fail-stop set.");
	}
	(void)audit_send_trigger(AUDIT_TRIGGER_NO_SPACE);
	audit_suspended = 1;

	/* FALLTHROUGH */
fail:
	/*
	 * We have failed to write to the file, so the current record is
	 * lost, which may require an immediate system halt.
	 */
	if (audit_panic_on_write_fail) {
		(void)VNOP_FSYNC(vp, MNT_WAIT, ctx);
		panic("audit_worker: write error %d\n", error);
	} else if (ppsratecheck(&last_fail, &cur_fail, 1))
		printf("audit_worker: write error %d\n", error);
	vnode_put(vp);
}

/*
 * Given a kernel audit record, process as required.  Kernel audit records
 * are converted to one, or possibly two, BSM records, depending on whether
 * there is a user audit record present also.  Kernel records need be
 * converted to BSM before they can be written out.  Both types will be
 * written to disk, and audit pipes.
 */
static void
audit_worker_process_record(struct kaudit_record *ar)
{
	struct au_record *bsm;
	au_class_t class;
	au_event_t event;
	au_id_t auid;
	int error, sorf;
	int trail_locked;

	/*
	 * We hold the audit_worker_sl lock over both writes, if there are
	 * two, so that the two records won't be split across a rotation and
	 * end up in two different trail files.
	 */
	if (((ar->k_ar_commit & AR_COMMIT_USER) &&
	    (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_USER_TRAIL)) ||
	    (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_TRAIL)) {
		AUDIT_WORKER_SX_XLOCK();
		trail_locked = 1;
	} else
		trail_locked = 0;

	/*
	 * First, handle the user record, if any: commit to the system trail
	 * and audit pipes as selected.
	 */
	if ((ar->k_ar_commit & AR_COMMIT_USER) &&
	    (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_USER_TRAIL)) {
		AUDIT_WORKER_SX_ASSERT();
		audit_record_write(audit_vp, &audit_ctx, ar->k_udata,
		    ar->k_ulen);
	}

	if ((ar->k_ar_commit & AR_COMMIT_USER) &&
	    (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_USER_PIPE))
		audit_pipe_submit_user(ar->k_udata, ar->k_ulen);

	if (!(ar->k_ar_commit & AR_COMMIT_KERNEL) ||
	    ((ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_PIPE) == 0 &&
	    (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_TRAIL) == 0 &&
	    (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_FILTER) == 0))
		goto out;

	auid = ar->k_ar.ar_subj_auid;
	event = ar->k_ar.ar_event;
	class = au_event_class(event);
	if (ar->k_ar.ar_errno == 0)
		sorf = AU_PRS_SUCCESS;
	else
		sorf = AU_PRS_FAILURE;

	error = kaudit_to_bsm(ar, &bsm);
	switch (error) {
	case BSM_NOAUDIT:
		goto out;

	case BSM_FAILURE:
		printf("audit_worker_process_record: BSM_FAILURE\n");
		goto out;

	case BSM_SUCCESS:
		break;

	default:
		panic("kaudit_to_bsm returned %d", error);
	}

	if (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_TRAIL) {
		AUDIT_WORKER_SX_ASSERT();
		audit_record_write(audit_vp, &audit_ctx, bsm->data, bsm->len);
	}

	if (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_PIPE)
		audit_pipe_submit(auid, event, class, sorf,
		    ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_TRAIL, bsm->data,
		    bsm->len);

	if (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_PRESELECT_FILTER) {

		/*
		 *  XXXss - This needs to be generalized so new filters can
		 *  be easily plugged in.
		 */
		audit_sdev_submit(auid, ar->k_ar.ar_subj_asid, bsm->data,
		    bsm->len);
	}

	kau_free(bsm);
out:
	if (trail_locked)
		AUDIT_WORKER_SX_XUNLOCK();
}

/*
 * The audit_worker thread is responsible for watching the event queue,
 * dequeueing records, converting them to BSM format, and committing them to
 * disk.  In order to minimize lock thrashing, records are dequeued in sets
 * to a thread-local work queue.
 *
 * Note: this means that the effect bound on the size of the pending record
 * queue is 2x the length of the global queue.
 */
static void
audit_worker(void)
{
	struct kaudit_queue ar_worklist;
	struct kaudit_record *ar;
	int lowater_signal;

	if (audit_ctx.vc_thread == NULL)
		audit_ctx.vc_thread = current_thread();

	TAILQ_INIT(&ar_worklist);
	mtx_lock(&audit_mtx);
	while (1) {
		mtx_assert(&audit_mtx, MA_OWNED);

		/*
		 * Wait for a record.
		 */
		while (TAILQ_EMPTY(&audit_q))
			cv_wait_continuation(&audit_worker_cv, &audit_mtx,
			    (thread_continue_t)audit_worker);

		/*
		 * If there are records in the global audit record queue,
		 * transfer them to a thread-local queue and process them
		 * one by one.  If we cross the low watermark threshold,
		 * signal any waiting processes that they may wake up and
		 * continue generating records.
		 */
		lowater_signal = 0;
		while ((ar = TAILQ_FIRST(&audit_q))) {
			TAILQ_REMOVE(&audit_q, ar, k_q);
			audit_q_len--;
			if (audit_q_len == audit_qctrl.aq_lowater)
				lowater_signal++;
			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ar_worklist, ar, k_q);
		}
		if (lowater_signal)
			cv_broadcast(&audit_watermark_cv);

		mtx_unlock(&audit_mtx);
		while ((ar = TAILQ_FIRST(&ar_worklist))) {
			TAILQ_REMOVE(&ar_worklist, ar, k_q);
			if (ar->k_ar_commit & AR_DRAIN_QUEUE) {
				audit_q_draining = 0;
				cv_broadcast(&audit_drain_cv);
			} else {
				audit_worker_process_record(ar);
				audit_free(ar);
			}
		}
		mtx_lock(&audit_mtx);
	}
}

/*
 * audit_rotate_vnode() is called by a user or kernel thread to configure or
 * de-configure auditing on a vnode.  The arguments are the replacement
 * credential (referenced) and vnode (referenced and opened) to substitute
 * for the current credential and vnode, if any.  If either is set to NULL,
 * both should be NULL, and this is used to indicate that audit is being
 * disabled.  Any previous cred/vnode will be closed and freed.  We re-enable
 * generating rotation requests to auditd.
 */
void
audit_rotate_vnode(kauth_cred_t cred, struct vnode *vp)
{
	kauth_cred_t old_audit_cred;
	struct vnode *old_audit_vp;

	KASSERT((cred != NULL && vp != NULL) || (cred == NULL && vp == NULL),
	    ("audit_rotate_vnode: cred %p vp %p", cred, vp));


	mtx_lock(&audit_mtx);
	if (audit_enabled && (NULL == vp)) {
		/* Auditing is currently enabled but will be disabled. */

		/*
		 * Disable auditing now so nothing more is added while the
		 * audit worker thread is draining the audit record queue.
		 */
		audit_enabled = 0;

		/*
		 * Drain the auditing queue by inserting a drain record at the
		 * end of the queue and waiting for the audit worker thread
		 * to find this record and signal that it is done before
		 * we close the audit trail.
		 */
		audit_q_draining = 1;
		while (audit_q_len >= audit_qctrl.aq_hiwater)
			cv_wait(&audit_watermark_cv, &audit_mtx);
		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&audit_q, &audit_drain_kar, k_q);
		audit_q_len++;
		cv_signal(&audit_worker_cv);
	}

	/* If the audit queue is draining then wait here until it's done. */
	while (audit_q_draining)
		cv_wait(&audit_drain_cv, &audit_mtx);
	mtx_unlock(&audit_mtx);


	/*
	 * Rotate the vnode/cred, and clear the rotate flag so that we will
	 * send a rotate trigger if the new file fills.
	 */
	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_XLOCK();
	old_audit_cred = audit_ctx.vc_ucred;
	old_audit_vp = audit_vp;
	audit_ctx.vc_ucred = cred;
	audit_vp = vp;
	audit_file_rotate_wait = 0;
	audit_enabled = (audit_vp != NULL);
	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_XUNLOCK();

	/*
	 * If there was an old vnode/credential, close and free.
	 */
	if (old_audit_vp != NULL) {
		if (vnode_get(old_audit_vp) == 0) {
			vn_close(old_audit_vp, AUDIT_CLOSE_FLAGS,
			    vfs_context_kernel());
			vnode_put(old_audit_vp);
		} else
			printf("audit_rotate_vnode: Couldn't close "
			    "audit file.\n");
		kauth_cred_unref(&old_audit_cred);
	}
}

void
audit_worker_init(void)
{

	AUDIT_WORKER_SX_INIT();
	kernel_thread_start((thread_continue_t)audit_worker, NULL,
	    &audit_thread);
	if (audit_thread == THREAD_NULL)
		panic("audit_worker_init: Couldn't create audit_worker thread");
}