-# @(#)australasia 7.64
+# @(#)australasia 7.69
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
-# $FreeBSD: src/share/zoneinfo/australasia,v 1.19 2001/05/01 14:10:12 schweikh Exp $
+
# Notes are at the end of this file
###############################################################################
# Australia
+# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
# New Zealand
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
-# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
-Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
-Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
-Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
-Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
-Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
-# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
-# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
-Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
-Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
+Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
+Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
+Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
+Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
+Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
+# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
+# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
+Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
+Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
-Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
+Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
- 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
+Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
+ 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
+Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
+ 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
# Auckland Is
# Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
- 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
+ 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
# Pitcairn
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
# Midway
Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
+ -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
+ -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
-# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
-# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
+# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
+# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
# -11:00 SST Samoa
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
+# versus "AEST" etc.:
+#
+# I see the following points of dispute:
+#
+# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
+#
+# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
+# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
+# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
+# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
+# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
+# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
+# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
+# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
+#
+# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
+# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
+# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
+# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
+#
+# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
+#
+# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
+# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
+# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
+# Time, for example.
+#
+# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
+# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
+# tiebreaker.
+#
+# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
+# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
+# the word "Australian"?
+#
+# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
+# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
+# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
+# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
+# following count of page hits:
+#
+# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
+# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
+# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
+# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
+#
+# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
+# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
+# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
+# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
+#
+# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
+# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
+# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
+# are the hit counts anyway:
+#
+# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
+# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
+# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
+# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
+#
+# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
+# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
+# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
+# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
+#
+# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
+# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
+#
+# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
+# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
+# the ambiguities involved.
+#
+# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
+#
+# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
+# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
+# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
+# understood in Australia.
+
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
+# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
+# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
+# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with
+# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the
+# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being
+# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the
+# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are
+# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western
+# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
+# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
+# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
+# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
+# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
+# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and
+# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an
+# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone
+# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
+# This is confirmed by the section entitled
+# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
+# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>,
+# which says a few other things:
+#
+# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth.
+# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT").
+# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time".
+#
+# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia
+# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in
+# this subregion.
+
# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
+# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
+# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
+# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
+# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
+# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
+# in Melbourne, Australia.
+#
+# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
+# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
+# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
+# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
+# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
+# expected time.
+#
+# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
+# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
+# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
+# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
+#
+# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
+# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
+
# New South Wales
# From Arthur David Olson:
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
-# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependent on the wishes of residents
+# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
-# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
-# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
-# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
-# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-05-26):
+# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
+# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
+# Use these sources in preference to Shanks.
+#
+# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
+# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
+# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
###############################################################################
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
+# Midway
+
+# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
+# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
+# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
+# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
+# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
+# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
+# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
+# air at 6am your time.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
+# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
+# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
+# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
+
+
# Pitcairn
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
+# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
+# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
+# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
+# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
+# hour to 1:00am.
+
+# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
+# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
+
+
+# Wake
+
+# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
+# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
+#
+# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
+# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
+# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
+# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
+# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
+# impossible.
+#
+# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
+# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
+
###############################################################################
# The International Date Line
projects / apple / system_cmds.git / blobdiff