pwd_mkdb.tproj/pwd_mkdb.8

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  30 .\"     from: @(#)pwd_mkdb.8    8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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  32 .Dd June 6, 1993
  33 .Dt PWD_MKDB 8
  34 .Os
  35 .Sh NAME
  36 .Nm pwd_mkdb
  37 .Nd generate the password databases
  38 .Sh SYNOPSIS
  39 .Nm pwd_mkdb
  40 .Op Fl c
  41 .Op Fl p | Fl s
  42 .Op Fl d Ar directory
  43 .Op Fl u Ar username
  44 .Ar file
  45 .Sh DESCRIPTION
  46 .Nm
  47 creates
  48 .Xr db 3
  49 style secure and insecure databases for the specified file.
  50 These databases are then installed into
  51 .Pa /etc/spwd.db
  52 and
  53 .Pa /etc/pwd.db ,
  54 respectively.
  55 The file is installed into
  56 .Pa /etc/master.passwd .
  57 The file must be in the correct format (see
  58 .Xr passwd 5 ) .
  59 It is important to note that the format used in this system is
  60 different from the historic Version 7 style format.
  61 .Pp
  62 The options are as follows:
  63 .Bl -tag -width Ds
  64 .It Fl c
  65 Check if the password file is in the correct format.
  66 Do not change, add, or remove any files.
  67 .It Fl p
  68 Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into
  69 .Pa /etc/passwd .
  70 .It Fl s
  71 Only update the secure version of the database.
  72 This is most commonly used in conjunction with the
  73 .Fl u
  74 flag during a password change.
  75 Because the insecure database doesn't contain the password there
  76 is no reason to update it if the only change is in the password field.
  77 Cannot be used in conjunction with the
  78 .Fl p
  79 flag.
  80 .It Fl d Ar directory
  81 Operate in a base directory other than the default of
  82 .Pa /etc .
  83 All absolute paths (including
  84 .Ar file )
  85 will be made relative to
  86 .Ar directory .
  87 Any directories specified as a part of
  88 .Ar file
  89 will be stripped off.
  90 This option is used to create password databases in directories
  91 other than
  92 .Pa etc ;
  93 for instance in a
  94 .Xr chroot 8
  95 jail.
  96 .It Fl u Ar username
  97 Only update the record for the specified user.
  98 Utilities that operate on a single user can use this option to avoid the
  99 overhead of rebuilding the entire database.
 100 This option must never be used if the line number of the user's record in
 101 .Pa /etc/master.passwd
 102 has changed.
 103 .It Ar file
 104 The absolute path to a file in
 105 .Ar master.passwd
 106 format, as described in
 107 .Xr passwd 5 .
 108 .El
 109 .Pp
 110 The two databases differ in that the secure version contains the user's
 111 encrypted password and the insecure version has an asterisk
 112 .Pq Sq \&* .
 113 .Pp
 114 The databases are used by the C library password routines (see
 115 .Xr getpwent 3 ) .
 116 .Pp
 117 .Nm
 118 exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
 119 .Sh FILES
 120 .Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
 121 .It Pa /etc/master.passwd
 122 current password file
 123 .It Pa /etc/passwd
 124 a Version 7 format password file
 125 .It Pa /etc/pwd.db
 126 insecure password database file
 127 .It Pa /etc/pwd.db.tmp
 128 temporary file
 129 .It Pa /etc/spwd.db
 130 secure password database file
 131 .It Pa /etc/spwd.db.tmp
 132 temporary file
 133 .El
 134 .Sh SEE ALSO
 135 .Xr chpass 1 ,
 136 .Xr passwd 1 ,
 137 .Xr db 3 ,
 138 .Xr getpwent 3 ,
 139 .Xr passwd 5 ,
 140 .Xr vipw 8
 141 .Sh STANDARDS
 142 Previous versions of the system had a program similar to
 143 .Nm pwd_mkdb ,
 144 .Xr mkpasswd ,
 145 which built
 146 .Xr dbm 3
 147 style databases for the password file but depended on the calling programs
 148 to install them.
 149 The program was renamed in order that previous users of the program
 150 not be surprised by the changes in functionality.
 151 .Sh BUGS
 152 Because of the necessity for atomic update of the password files,
 153 .Nm
 154 uses
 155 .Xr rename 2
 156 to install them.
 157 This, however, requires that the file specified on the command line live
 158 on the same file system as the
 159 .Pa /etc
 160 directory.
 161 .Pp
 162 There are the obvious races with multiple people running
 163 .Nm
 164 on different password files at the same time.
 165 The front-ends to
 166 .Nm pwd_mkdb ,
 167 .Xr chpass 1 ,
 168 .Xr passwd 1 ,
 169 and
 170 .Xr vipw 8
 171 handle the locking necessary to avoid this problem.