-.\" $NetBSD: find.1,v 1.14 1998/05/27 13:15:30 msaitoh Exp $
-.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
-.\" from: @(#)find.1 8.7 (Berkeley) 5/9/95
+.\" @(#)find.1 8.7 (Berkeley) 5/9/95
+.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/find/find.1,v 1.91 2011/09/28 18:53:36 ed Exp $
.\"
-.Dd May 9, 1995
+.Dd September 28, 2011
.Dt FIND 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm find
.Nd walk a file hierarchy
.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm find
+.Nm
.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
-.Op Fl Xdx
-.Op Fl f Ar file
-.Op Ar file ...
-.Ar expression
+.Op Fl EXdsx
+.Op Fl f Ar path
+.Ar path ...
+.Op Ar expression
+.Nm
+.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
+.Op Fl EXdsx
+.Fl f Ar path
+.Op Ar path ...
+.Op Ar expression
.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
.Nm
-recursively descends the directory tree for each
-.Ar file
+utility recursively descends the directory tree for each
+.Ar path
listed, evaluating an
.Ar expression
-(composed of the ``primaries'' and ``operands'' listed below) in terms
+(composed of the
+.Dq primaries
+and
+.Dq operands
+listed below) in terms
of each file in the tree.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fl H
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl E
+Interpret regular expressions followed by
+.Ic -regex
+and
+.Ic -iregex
+primaries as extended (modern) regular expressions rather than basic
+regular expressions (BRE's).
The
-.Fl H
-option causes the file information and file type (see
-.Xr stat 2 ) ,
-returned for each symbolic link encountered on the command line to be
+.Xr re_format 7
+manual page fully describes both formats.
+.It Fl H
+Cause the file information and file type (see
+.Xr stat 2 )
+returned for each symbolic link specified on the command line to be
those of the file referenced by the link, not the link itself.
If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
-be for the link itself. File information of all symbolic links not on
+be for the link itself.
+File information of all symbolic links not on
the command line is that of the link itself.
.It Fl L
-The
-.Fl L
-option causes the file information and file type (see
-.Xr stat 2)
+Cause the file information and file type (see
+.Xr stat 2 )
returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the
link, not the link itself.
If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
be for the link itself.
+.Pp
+This option is equivalent to the deprecated
+.Ic -follow
+primary.
.It Fl P
-The
-.Fl P
-option causes the file information and file type (see
-.Xr stat 2)
+Cause the file information and file type (see
+.Xr stat 2 )
returned for each symbolic link to be those of the link itself.
+This is the default.
.It Fl X
-The
-.Fl X
-option is a modification to permit
+Permit
.Nm
to be safely used in conjunction with
.Xr xargs 1 .
If a file name contains any of the delimiting characters used by
-.Xr xargs ,
+.Xr xargs 1 ,
a diagnostic message is displayed on standard error, and the file
is skipped.
-The delimiting characters include single (`` ' '') and double (`` " '')
-quotes, backslash (``\e''), space, tab and newline characters.
+The delimiting characters include single
+.Pq Dq Li " ' "
+and double
+.Pq Dq Li " \*q "
+quotes, backslash
+.Pq Dq Li \e ,
+space, tab and newline characters.
+.Pp
+However, you may wish to consider the
+.Fl print0
+primary in conjunction with
+.Dq Nm xargs Fl 0
+as an effective alternative.
.It Fl d
-The
-.Fl d
-option causes
+Cause
.Nm
-to perform a depth\-first traversal, i.e. directories
-are visited in post\-order and all entries in a directory will be acted
+to perform a depth-first traversal, i.e., directories
+are visited in post-order and all entries in a directory will be acted
on before the directory itself.
By default,
.Nm
-visits directories in pre\-order, i.e. before their contents.
+visits directories in pre-order, i.e., before their contents.
Note, the default is
-.Ar not
-a breadth\-first traversal.
-.It Fl f
+.Em not
+a breadth-first traversal.
+.Pp
+This option is equivalent to the
+.Ic -depth
+primary of
+.St -p1003.1-2001 .
The
-.Fl f
-option specifies a file hierarchy for
+.Fl d
+option
+can be useful when
+.Nm
+is used with
+.Xr cpio 1
+to process files that are contained in directories with unusual permissions.
+It ensures that you have write permission while you are placing files in a
+directory, then sets the directory's permissions as the last thing.
+.It Fl f
+Specify a file hierarchy for
.Nm
to traverse.
File hierarchies may also be specified as the operands immediately
following the options.
-.It Fl h
-The
-.Fl h
-option causes the file information and file type (see
-.Xr stat 2 ) ,
-returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the
-link, not the link itself.
-If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
-be for the link itself.
+.It Fl s
+Cause
+.Nm
+to traverse the file hierarchies in lexicographical order,
+i.e., alphabetical order within each directory.
+Note:
+.Ql find -s
+and
+.Ql "find | sort"
+may give different results.
.It Fl x
-The
-.Fl x
-option prevents
+Prevent
.Nm
from descending into directories that have a device number different
than that of the file from which the descent began.
+.Pp
+This option is equivalent to the deprecated
+.Ic -xdev
+primary.
.El
.Sh PRIMARIES
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Ic -atime Ar n
+.Pp
+All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be
+preceded by a plus sign
+.Pq Dq Li +
+or a minus sign
+.Pq Dq Li - .
+A preceding plus sign means
+.Dq more than n ,
+a preceding minus sign means
+.Dq less than n
+and neither means
+.Dq exactly n .
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Ic -Bmin Ar n
+True if the difference between the time of a file's inode creation
+and the time
+.Nm
+was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
+.Ar n
+minutes.
+.It Ic -Bnewer Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic -newerBm .
+.It Ic -Btime Ar n Ns Op Cm smhdw
+If no units are specified, this primary evaluates to
+true if the difference between the time of a file's inode creation
+and the time
+.Nm
+was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
+.Ar n
+24-hour periods.
+.Pp
+If units are specified, this primary evaluates to
+true if the difference between the time of a file's inode creation
+and the time
+.Nm
+was started is exactly
+.Ar n
+units.
+Please refer to the
+.Ic -atime
+primary description for information on supported time units.
+.It Ic -acl
+May be used in conjunction with other primaries to locate
+files with extended ACLs.
+See
+.Xr acl 3
+for more information.
+.It Ic -amin Ar n
True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
.Nm
-was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
+was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
.Ar n
-24\-hour periods.
-.It Ic -ctime Ar n
+minutes.
+.It Ic -anewer Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic -neweram .
+.It Ic -atime Ar n Ns Op Cm smhdw
+If no units are specified, this primary evaluates to
+true if the difference between the file last access time and the time
+.Nm
+was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
+.Ar n
+24-hour periods.
+.Pp
+If units are specified, this primary evaluates to
+true if the difference between the file last access time and the time
+.Nm
+was started is exactly
+.Ar n
+units.
+Possible time units are as follows:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
+.It Cm s
+second
+.It Cm m
+minute (60 seconds)
+.It Cm h
+hour (60 minutes)
+.It Cm d
+day (24 hours)
+.It Cm w
+week (7 days)
+.El
+.Pp
+Any number of units may be combined in one
+.Ic -atime
+argument, for example,
+.Dq Li "-atime -1h30m" .
+Units are probably only useful when used in conjunction with the
+.Cm +
+or
+.Cm -
+modifier.
+.It Ic -cmin Ar n
True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
information and the time
.Nm
-was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
+was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
.Ar n
-24\-hour periods.
-.It Ic -exec Ar utility Op argument ... ;
+minutes.
+.It Ic -cnewer Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic -newercm .
+.It Ic -ctime Ar n Ns Op Cm smhdw
+If no units are specified, this primary evaluates to
+true if the difference between the time of last change of file status
+information and the time
+.Nm
+was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
+.Ar n
+24-hour periods.
+.Pp
+If units are specified, this primary evaluates to
+true if the difference between the time of last change of file status
+information and the time
+.Nm
+was started is exactly
+.Ar n
+units.
+Please refer to the
+.Ic -atime
+primary description for information on supported time units.
+.It Ic -d
+Same as
+.Ic depth .
+GNU find implements this as a primary in mistaken emulation of
+.Fx
+.Xr find 1 .
+.It Ic -delete
+Delete found files and/or directories.
+Always returns true.
+This executes
+from the current working directory as
+.Nm
+recurses down the tree.
+It will not attempt to delete a filename with a
+.Dq Pa /
+character in its pathname relative to
+.Dq Pa \&.
+for security reasons.
+Depth-first traversal processing is implied by this option.
+Following symlinks is incompatible with this option.
+.It Ic -depth
+Always true;
+same as the
+.Fl d
+option.
+.It Ic -depth Ar n
+True if the depth of the file relative to the starting point of the traversal
+is
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic -empty
+True if the current file or directory is empty.
+.It Ic -exec Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li \&;
True if the program named
.Ar utility
returns a zero value as its exit status.
-Optional arguments may be passed to the utility.
-The expression must be terminated by a semicolon (``;'').
-If the string ``{}'' appears anywhere in the utility name or the
+Optional
+.Ar arguments
+may be passed to the utility.
+The expression must be terminated by a semicolon
+.Pq Dq Li \&; .
+If you invoke
+.Nm
+from a shell you may need to quote the semicolon if the shell would
+otherwise treat it as a control operator.
+If the string
+.Dq Li {}
+appears anywhere in the utility name or the
arguments it is replaced by the pathname of the current file.
.Ar Utility
will be executed from the directory from which
.Nm
was executed.
-.It Ic -follow
-Follow symbolic links.
-.It Ic -fstype Ar type
+.Ar Utility
+and
+.Ar arguments
+are not subject to the further expansion of shell patterns
+and constructs.
+.It Ic -exec Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li {} +
+Same as
+.Ic -exec ,
+except that
+.Dq Li {}
+is replaced with as many pathnames as possible for each invocation of
+.Ar utility .
+This behaviour is similar to that of
+.Xr xargs 1 .
+.It Ic -execdir Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li \&;
+The
+.Ic -execdir
+primary is identical to the
+.Ic -exec
+primary with the exception that
+.Ar utility
+will be executed from the directory that holds
+the current file.
+The filename substituted for
+the string
+.Dq Li {}
+is not qualified.
+.It Ic -execdir Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li {} +
+Same as
+.Ic -execdir ,
+except that
+.Dq Li {}
+is replaced with as many pathnames as possible for each invocation of
+.Ar utility .
+This behaviour is similar to that of
+.Xr xargs 1 .
+.It Ic -flags Oo Cm - Ns | Ns Cm + Oc Ns Ar flags , Ns Ar notflags
+The flags are specified using symbolic names (see
+.Xr chflags 1 ) .
+Those with the
+.Qq Li no
+prefix (except
+.Qq Li nodump )
+are said to be
+.Ar notflags .
+Flags in
+.Ar flags
+are checked to be set, and flags in
+.Ar notflags
+are checked to be not set.
+Note that this is different from
+.Ic -perm ,
+which only allows the user to specify mode bits that are set.
+.Pp
+If flags are preceded by a dash
+.Pq Dq Li - ,
+this primary evaluates to true
+if at least all of the bits in
+.Ar flags
+and none of the bits in
+.Ar notflags
+are set in the file's flags bits.
+If flags are preceded by a plus
+.Pq Dq Li + ,
+this primary evaluates to true
+if any of the bits in
+.Ar flags
+is set in the file's flags bits,
+or any of the bits in
+.Ar notflags
+is not set in the file's flags bits.
+Otherwise,
+this primary evaluates to true
+if the bits in
+.Ar flags
+exactly match the file's flags bits,
+and none of the
+.Ar flags
+bits match those of
+.Ar notflags .
+.It Ic -fstype Ar type
True if the file is contained in a file system of type
.Ar type .
The
-.Xr sysctl 8
-command can be used to find out the types of filesystems
-that are available on the system:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-sysctl vfs
-.Ed
-In addition, there are two pseudo-types, ``local'' and ``rdonly''.
+.Xr lsvfs 1
+command can be used to find out the types of file systems
+that are available on the system.
+In addition, there are two pseudo-types,
+.Dq Li local
+and
+.Dq Li rdonly .
The former matches any file system physically mounted on the system where
the
.Nm
-is being executed, and the latter matches any file system which is
+is being executed and the latter matches any file system which is
mounted read-only.
-.It Ic -group Ar gname
+.It Ic -gid Ar gname
+The same thing as
+.Ar -group Ar gname
+for compatibility with GNU find.
+GNU find imposes a restriction that
+.Ar gname
+is numeric, while
+.Xr find 1
+does not.
+.It Ic -group Ar gname
True if the file belongs to the group
-.Ar gname .
+.Ar gname .
If
.Ar gname
is numeric and there is no such group name, then
.Ar gname
-is treated as a group id.
-.It Ic -inum Ar n
+is treated as a group ID.
+.It Ic -ignore_readdir_race
+This option is for GNU find compatibility and is ignored.
+.It Ic -ilname Ar pattern
+Like
+.Ic -lname ,
+but the match is case insensitive.
+This is a GNU find extension.
+.It Ic -iname Ar pattern
+Like
+.Ic -name ,
+but the match is case insensitive.
+.It Ic -inum Ar n
True if the file has inode number
-.Ar n .
-.It Ic -links Ar n
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic -ipath Ar pattern
+Like
+.Ic -path ,
+but the match is case insensitive.
+.It Ic -iregex Ar pattern
+Like
+.Ic -regex ,
+but the match is case insensitive.
+.It Ic -iwholename Ar pattern
+The same thing as
+.Ic -ipath ,
+for GNU find compatibility.
+.It Ic -links Ar n
True if the file has
.Ar n
links.
+.It Ic -lname Ar pattern
+Like
+.Ic -name ,
+but the contents of the symbolic link are matched instead of the file
+name.
+Note that this only matches broken symbolic links
+if symbolic links are being followed.
+This is a GNU find extension.
.It Ic -ls
This primary always evaluates to true.
The following information for the current file is written to standard output:
-its inode number, size in 512\-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard
+its inode number, size in 512-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard
links, owner, group, size in bytes, last modification time, and pathname.
-If the file is a block or character special file, the major and minor numbers
+If the file is a block or character special file, the device number
will be displayed instead of the size in bytes.
-If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked\-to file will be
-displayed preceded by ``\->''.
-The format is identical to that produced by ``ls \-dgils''.
-.It Ic -mtime Ar n
+If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file will be
+displayed preceded by
+.Dq Li -> .
+The format is identical to that produced by
+.Bk -words
+.Dq Nm ls Fl dgils .
+.Ek
+.It Ic -maxdepth Ar n
+Always true; descend at most
+.Ar n
+directory levels below the command line arguments.
+If any
+.Ic -maxdepth
+primary is specified, it applies to the entire expression even if it would
+not normally be evaluated.
+.Dq Ic -maxdepth Li 0
+limits the whole search to the command line arguments.
+.It Ic -mindepth Ar n
+Always true; do not apply any tests or actions at levels less than
+.Ar n .
+If any
+.Ic -mindepth
+primary is specified, it applies to the entire expression even if it would
+not normally be evaluated.
+.Dq Ic -mindepth Li 1
+processes all but the command line arguments.
+.It Ic -mmin Ar n
True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
.Nm
-was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
+was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is
+.Ar n
+minutes.
+.It Ic -mnewer Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic -newer .
+.It Ic -mount
+The same thing as
+.Ic -xdev ,
+for GNU find compatibility.
+.It Ic -mtime Ar n Ns Op Cm smhdw
+If no units are specified, this primary evaluates to
+true if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
+.Nm
+was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is
.Ar n
-24\-hour periods.
-.It Ic \&-ok Ar utility Op argument ... ;
+24-hour periods.
+.Pp
+If units are specified, this primary evaluates to
+true if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
+.Nm
+was started is exactly
+.Ar n
+units.
+Please refer to the
+.Ic -atime
+primary description for information on supported time units.
+.It Ic -name Ar pattern
+True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches
+.Ar pattern .
+Special shell pattern matching characters
+.Dq ( Li \&[ ,
+.Dq Li \&] ,
+.Dq Li * ,
+and
+.Dq Li \&? )
+may be used as part of
+.Ar pattern .
+These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
+backslash
+.Pq Dq Li \e .
+.It Ic -newer Ar file
+True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than
+.Ar file .
+.It Ic -newer Ns Ar X Ns Ar Y Ar file
+True if the current file has a more recent last access time
+.Pq Ar X Ns = Ns Cm a ,
+inode creation time
+.Pq Ar X Ns = Ns Cm B ,
+change time
+.Pq Ar X Ns = Ns Cm c ,
+or modification time
+.Pq Ar X Ns = Ns Cm m
+than the last access time
+.Pq Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm a ,
+inode creation time
+.Pq Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm B ,
+change time
+.Pq Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm c ,
+or modification time
+.Pq Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm m
+of
+.Ar file .
+In addition, if
+.Ar Y Ns = Ns Cm t ,
+then
+.Ar file
+is instead interpreted as a direct date specification of the form
+understood by
+.Xr cvs 1 .
+Note that
+.Ic -newermm
+is equivalent to
+.Ic -newer .
+.It Ic -nogroup
+True if the file belongs to an unknown group.
+.It Ic -noignore_readdir_race
+This option is for GNU find compatibility and is ignored.
+.It Ic -noleaf
+This option is for GNU find compatibility.
+In GNU find it disables an optimization not relevant to
+.Xr find 1 ,
+so it is ignored.
+.It Ic -nouser
+True if the file belongs to an unknown user.
+.It Ic -ok Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li \&;
The
-.Ic \&-ok
+.Ic -ok
primary is identical to the
.Ic -exec
primary with the exception that
.Nm
-requests user affirmation for the execution of the utility by printing
+requests user affirmation for the execution of the
+.Ar utility
+by printing
a message to the terminal and reading a response.
-If the response is other than ``y'' the command is not executed and the
+If the response is not affirmative
+.Ql ( y
+in the
+.Dq Li POSIX
+locale),
+the command is not executed and the
value of the
-.Ar \&ok
+.Ic -ok
expression is false.
-.It Ic -name Ar pattern
-True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches
-.Ar pattern .
-Special shell pattern matching characters (``['', ``]'', ``*'', and ``?'')
-may be used as part of
-.Ar pattern .
-These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
-backslash (``\e'').
-.It Ic -newer Ar file
-True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than
-.Ar file .
-.It Ic -nouser
-True if the file belongs to an unknown user.
-.It Ic -nogroup
-True if the file belongs to an unknown group.
-.It Ic -path Ar pattern
+.It Ic -okdir Ar utility Oo Ar argument ... Oc Li \&;
+The
+.Ic -okdir
+primary is identical to the
+.Ic -execdir
+primary with the same exception as described for the
+.Ic -ok
+primary.
+.It Ic -path Ar pattern
True if the pathname being examined matches
-.Ar pattern .
-Special shell pattern matching characters (``['', ``]'', ``*'', and ``?'')
+.Ar pattern .
+Special shell pattern matching characters
+.Dq ( Li \&[ ,
+.Dq Li \&] ,
+.Dq Li * ,
+and
+.Dq Li \&? )
may be used as part of
-.Ar pattern .
+.Ar pattern .
These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
-backslash (``\e'').
-Slashes (``/'') are treated as normal characters and do not have to be
+backslash
+.Pq Dq Li \e .
+Slashes
+.Pq Dq Li /
+are treated as normal characters and do not have to be
matched explicitly.
-.It Ic -perm Op Fl Ns Ar mode
+.It Ic -perm Oo Cm - Ns | Ns Cm + Oc Ns Ar mode
The
.Ar mode
may be either symbolic (see
-.Xr chmod 1 )
+.Xr chmod 1 )
or an octal number.
-If the mode is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the
-mode sets or clears permissions without regard to the process' file mode
+If the
+.Ar mode
+is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the
+.Ar mode
+sets or clears permissions without regard to the process' file mode
creation mask.
-If the mode is octal, only bits 07777
-.Pf ( Dv S_ISUID
-|
-.Dv S_ISGID
-|
-.Dv S_ISTXT
-|
-.Dv S_IRWXU
-|
-.Dv S_IRWXG
-|
-.Dv S_IRWXO )
+If the
+.Ar mode
+is octal, only bits 07777
+.Pq Dv S_ISUID | S_ISGID | S_ISTXT | S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO
of the file's mode bits participate
in the comparison.
-If the mode is preceded by a dash (``\-''), this primary evaluates to true
-if at least all of the bits in the mode are set in the file's mode bits.
-If the mode is not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if
-the bits in the mode exactly match the file's mode bits.
-Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash (``\-'').
+If the
+.Ar mode
+is preceded by a dash
+.Pq Dq Li - ,
+this primary evaluates to true
+if at least all of the bits in the
+.Ar mode
+are set in the file's mode bits.
+If the
+.Ar mode
+is preceded by a plus
+.Pq Dq Li + ,
+this primary evaluates to true
+if any of the bits in the
+.Ar mode
+are set in the file's mode bits.
+Otherwise, this primary evaluates to true if
+the bits in the
+.Ar mode
+exactly match the file's mode bits.
+Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash
+.Pq Dq Li - .
.It Ic -print
This primary always evaluates to true.
-It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed
-by a newline character.
+It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output.
If none of
-.Ic -exec ,
-.Ic -ls ,
-.Ic -ok ,
-nor
-.Ic -print0
+.\" 4772561
+.Ic -exec , -ls , -print , -print0 ,
+or
+.Ic -ok
is specified, the given expression shall be effectively replaced by
-.Cm \&( Ns Ar given\& expression Ns Cm \&)
-.Ic -print .
+.Cm \&( Ar "given expression" Cm \&) Ic -print .
.It Ic -print0
This primary always evaluates to true.
-It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed
-by a null character.
+It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed by an
+.Tn ASCII
+.Dv NUL
+character (character code 0).
.It Ic -prune
This primary always evaluates to true.
It causes
primary has no effect if the
.Fl d
option was specified.
-.It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm c
-True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512\-byte blocks is
-.Ar n .
+.It Ic -regex Ar pattern
+True if the whole path of the file matches
+.Ar pattern
+using regular expression.
+To match a file named
+.Dq Pa ./foo/xyzzy ,
+you can use the regular expression
+.Dq Li ".*/[xyz]*"
+or
+.Dq Li ".*/foo/.*" ,
+but not
+.Dq Li xyzzy
+or
+.Dq Li /foo/ .
+.It Ic -samefile Ar name
+True if the file is a hard link to
+.Ar name .
+If the command option
+.Ic -L
+is specified, it is also true if the file is a symbolic link and
+points to
+.Ar name .
+.It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm ckMGTP
+True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is
+.Ar n .
If
.Ar n
-is followed by a ``c'', then the primary is true if the
+is followed by a
+.Cm c ,
+then the primary is true if the
file's size is
.Ar n
-bytes.
-.It Ic -type Ar t
+bytes (characters).
+Similarly if
+.Ar n
+is followed by a scale indicator then the file's size is compared to
+.Ar n
+scaled as:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
+.It Cm k
+kilobytes (1024 bytes)
+.It Cm M
+megabytes (1024 kilobytes)
+.It Cm G
+gigabytes (1024 megabytes)
+.It Cm T
+terabytes (1024 gigabytes)
+.It Cm P
+petabytes (1024 terabytes)
+.El
+.It Ic -type Ar t
True if the file is of the specified type.
Possible file types are as follows:
.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width flag -offset indent -compact
-.It Cm W
-whiteout
+.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Cm b
block special
.It Cm c
.It Cm s
socket
.El
-.Pp
-.It Ic -user Ar uname
+.It Ic -uid Ar uname
+The same thing as
+.Ar -user Ar uname
+for compatibility with GNU find.
+GNU find imposes a restriction that
+.Ar uname
+is numeric, while
+.Xr find 1
+does not.
+.It Ic -user Ar uname
True if the file belongs to the user
-.Ar uname .
+.Ar uname .
If
.Ar uname
is numeric and there is no such user name, then
.Ar uname
-is treated as a user id.
+is treated as a user ID.
+.It Ic -wholename Ar pattern
+The same thing as
+.Ic -path ,
+for GNU find compatibility.
+.It Ic -xattr
+True if the file has any extended attributes.
+.It Ic -xattrname Ar name
+True if the file has an extended attribute with the specified
+.Ar name .
.El
-.Pp
-All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be
-preceded by a plus sign (``+'') or a minus sign (``\-'').
-A preceding plus sign means ``more than n'', a preceding minus sign means
-``less than n'' and neither means ``exactly n'' .
.Sh OPERATORS
The primaries may be combined using the following operators.
The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
-.Bl -tag -width (expression)
-.It Cm \&( Ns Ar expression Ns Cm \&)
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
+.It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&)
This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to
true.
.Pp
-.It Cm \&! Ns Ar expression
+.It Cm \&! Ar expression
+.It Cm -not Ar expression
This is the unary
.Tn NOT
operator.
It evaluates to true if the expression is false.
.Pp
-.It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression
-.It Ar expression expression
+.It Cm -false
+Always false.
+.It Cm -true
+Always true.
+.Pp
+.It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression
+.It Ar expression expression
The
.Cm -and
operator is the logical
The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true.
The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false.
.Pp
-.It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression
+.It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression
The
.Cm -or
operator is the logical
.El
.Pp
All operands and primaries must be separate arguments to
-.Nm "" .
+.Nm .
Primaries which themselves take arguments expect each argument
to be a separate argument to
-.Nm "" .
+.Nm .
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+The
+.Ev LANG , LC_ALL , LC_COLLATE , LC_CTYPE , LC_MESSAGES
+and
+.Ev LC_TIME
+environment variables affect the execution of the
+.Nm
+utility as described in
+.Xr environ 7 .
.Sh EXAMPLES
-.Pp
The following examples are shown as given to the shell:
-.Bl -tag -width findx
-.It Li "find / \e! -name \*q*.c\*q -print"
-Print out a list of all the files whose names do not end in ``.c''.
-.It Li "find / -newer ttt -user wnj -print"
-Print out a list of all the files owned by user ``wnj'' that are newer
-than the file ``ttt''.
-.It Li "find / \e! \e( -newer ttt -user wnj \e) -print"
-Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than ``ttt''
-and owned by ``wnj''.
-.It Li "find / \e( -newer ttt -or -user wnj \e) -print"
-Print out a list of all the files that are either owned by ``wnj'' or
-that are newer than ``ttt''.
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Li "find / \e! -name \*q*.c\*q -print"
+Print out a list of all the files whose names do not end in
+.Pa .c .
+.It Li "find / -newer ttt -user wnj -print"
+Print out a list of all the files owned by user
+.Dq wnj
+that are newer
+than the file
+.Pa ttt .
+.It Li "find / \e! \e( -newer ttt -user wnj \e) -print"
+Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than
+.Pa ttt
+and owned by
+.Dq wnj .
+.It Li "find / \e( -newer ttt -or -user wnj \e) -print"
+Print out a list of all the files that are either owned by
+.Dq wnj
+or that are newer than
+.Pa ttt .
+.It Li "find / -newerct '1 minute ago' -print"
+Print out a list of all the files whose inode change time is more
+recent than the current time minus one minute.
+.It Li "find / -type f -exec echo {} \e;"
+Use the
+.Xr echo 1
+command to print out a list of all the files.
+.It Li "find -L /usr/ports/packages -type l -exec rm -- {} +"
+Delete all broken symbolic links in
+.Pa /usr/ports/packages .
+.It Li "find /usr/src -name CVS -prune -o -depth +6 -print"
+Find files and directories that are at least seven levels deep
+in the working directory
+.Pa /usr/src .
+.It Li "find /usr/src -name CVS -prune -o -mindepth 7 -print"
+Is not equivalent to the previous example, since
+.Ic -prune
+is not evaluated below level seven.
.El
+.Sh COMPATIBILITY
+The
+.Ic -follow
+primary is deprecated; the
+.Fl L
+option should be used instead.
+See the
+.Sx STANDARDS
+section below for details.
.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr chflags 1 ,
.Xr chmod 1 ,
+.Xr cvs 1 ,
.Xr locate 1 ,
+.Xr lsvfs 1 ,
+.Xr whereis 1 ,
+.Xr which 1 ,
+.Xr xargs 1 ,
.Xr stat 2 ,
+.Xr acl 3 ,
.Xr fts 3 ,
-.Xr getpwent 3 ,
.Xr getgrent 3 ,
+.Xr getpwent 3 ,
.Xr strmode 3 ,
+.Xr re_format 7 ,
.Xr symlink 7
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
utility syntax is a superset of the syntax specified by the
-.St -p1003.2
+.St -p1003.1-2001
standard.
.Pp
-The options and the
-.Ic -follow ,
-.Ic -fstype ,
-.Ic -inum ,
-.Ic -links ,
-.Ic -ls
+All the single character options except
+.Fl H
and
-.Ic -print0
-primaries are extensions to
-.St -p1003.2 .
+.Fl L
+as well as
+.Ic -amin , -anewer , -cmin , -cnewer , -delete , -empty , -fstype ,
+.Ic -iname , -inum , -iregex , -ls , -maxdepth , -mindepth , -mmin ,
+.Ic -path , -print0 , -regex
+and all of the
+.Ic -B*
+birthtime related primaries are extensions to
+.St -p1003.1-2001 .
.Pp
Historically, the
-.Fl d ,
-.Fl h
+.Fl d , L
and
.Fl x
-options were implemented using the primaries ``\-depth'', ``\-follow'',
-and ``\-xdev''.
+options were implemented using the primaries
+.Ic -depth , -follow ,
+and
+.Ic -xdev .
These primaries always evaluated to true.
As they were really global variables that took effect before the traversal
began, some legal expressions could have unexpected results.
-An example is the expression ``\-print \-o \-depth''.
-As \-print always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation
-implies that \-depth would never be evaluated.
+An example is the expression
+.Ic -print Cm -o Ic -depth .
+As
+.Ic -print
+always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation
+implies that
+.Ic -depth
+would never be evaluated.
This is not the case.
.Pp
-The operator ``-or'' was implemented as ``\-o'', and the operator ``-and''
-was implemented as ``\-a''.
+The operator
+.Cm -or
+was implemented as
+.Cm -o ,
+and the operator
+.Cm -and
+was implemented as
+.Cm -a .
.Pp
Historic implementations of the
.Ic -exec
and
.Ic -ok
-primaries did not replace the string ``{}'' in the utility name or the
+primaries did not replace the string
+.Dq Li {}
+in the utility name or the
utility arguments if it had preceding or following non-whitespace characters.
This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments
it appears.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl E
+option was inspired by the equivalent
+.Xr grep 1
+and
+.Xr sed 1
+options.
+.Sh HISTORY
+A
+.Nm
+command appeared in
+.At v1 .
.Sh BUGS
The special characters used by
.Nm
are also special characters to many shell programs.
-In particular, the characters ``*'', ``['', ``]'', ``?'', ``('', ``)'',
-``!'', ``\e'' and ``;'' may have to be escaped from the shell.
+In particular, the characters
+.Dq Li * ,
+.Dq Li \&[ ,
+.Dq Li \&] ,
+.Dq Li \&? ,
+.Dq Li \&( ,
+.Dq Li \&) ,
+.Dq Li \&! ,
+.Dq Li \e
+and
+.Dq Li \&;
+may have to be escaped from the shell.
.Pp
As there is no delimiter separating options and file names or file
names and the
.Ar expression ,
-it is difficult to specify files named ``-xdev'' or ``!''.
+it is difficult to specify files named
+.Pa -xdev
+or
+.Pa \&! .
These problems are handled by the
.Fl f
option and the
.Xr getopt 3
-``--'' construct.
+.Dq Fl Fl
+construct.
+.Pp
+The
+.Ic -delete
+primary does not interact well with other options that cause the file system
+tree traversal options to be changed.
+.Pp
+The
+.Ic -mindepth
+and
+.Ic -maxdepth
+primaries are actually global options (as documented above).
+They should
+probably be replaced by options which look like options.
projects / apple / shell_cmds.git / blobdiff